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Dharan R, Vaknin A, Sorkin R. Extracellular domain 2 of TSPAN4 governs its functions. Biophys Rep (N Y) 2024; 4:100149. [PMID: 38562622 PMCID: PMC10982557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Tetraspanin 4, a protein with four transmembrane helices and three connecting loops, senses membrane curvature and localizes to membrane tubes. This enrichment in tubular membranes enhances its diverse interactions. While the transmembrane part of the protein likely contributes to curvature sensitivity, the possible roles of the ectodomains in curvature sensitivity of tetraspanin 4 are still unknown. Here, using micropipette aspiration combined with confocal microscopy and optical tweezers, we show that the extracellular loop 2 contributes to the curvature sensitivity and curvature-induced interactions of tetraspanin 4. To this end, we created truncated tetraspanin 4 mutants by deleting each of the connecting loops. Subsequently, we pulled membrane tubes from giant plasma membrane vesicles containing tetraspanin 4-GFP or its mutants while maintaining controllable membrane tension and curvature. Among the mutations tested, the removal of the extracellular loop 2 had the most significant impact on both the curvature sensitivity and interactions of tetraspanin 4. Based on the results, we suggest that the extracellular loop 2 regulates the affinity of tetraspanin 4 towards curved membranes and affects its lateral interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviv Dharan
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alisa Vaknin
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raya Sorkin
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Ricklefs FL, Wollmann K, Salviano-Silva A, Drexler R, Maire CL, Kaul MG, Reimer R, Schüller U, Heinemann S, Kolbe K, Mummert T, Glatzel M, Peine S, Gempt J, Westphal M, Dührsen L, Lamszus K. Circulating extracellular vesicles as biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring in glioblastoma patients. Neuro Oncol 2024:noae068. [PMID: 38567448 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained by noninvasive liquid biopsy from patient blood can serve as biomarkers. Here, we investigated the potential of circulating plasma EVs to serve as an indicator in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response of glioblastoma patients. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from glioblastoma patients at multiple timepoints before and after surgery. EV concentrations were measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis and imaging flow cytometry. Tumor burden and edema were quantified by 3D reconstruction. EVs and tumors were further monitored in glioma-bearing mice. RESULTS Glioblastoma patients displayed a 5.5-fold increase in circulating EVs compared to healthy donors (p < 0.0001). Patients with higher EV levels had a significantly shorter overall survival and progression-free survival than patients with lower levels, and the plasma EV concentration was an independent prognostic parameter for overall survival. EV levels correlated with the extent of peritumoral FLAIR hyperintensity but not with the size of the contrast-enhancing tumor, and similar findings were obtained in mice. Postoperatively, EV concentrations decreased rapidly back to normal levels, and the magnitude of the decline was associated with the extent of tumor resection. EV levels remained low during stable disease, but increased again upon tumor recurrence. In some patients, EV resurgence preceded the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detectability of tumor relapse. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that leakiness of the blood-brain barrier may primarily be responsible for the high circulating EV concentrations in glioblastoma patients. Elevated EVs reflect tumor presence, and their quantification may thus be valuable in assessing disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz L Ricklefs
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wollmann
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amanda Salviano-Silva
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard Drexler
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecile L Maire
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael G Kaul
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rudolph Reimer
- Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Leibnitz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarina Heinemann
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Kolbe
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Mummert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Germany
| | - Sven Peine
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Lasse Dührsen
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Bhagwan Valjee R, Mackraj I, Moodley R, Ibrahim UH. Investigation of exosomal tetraspanin profile in sepsis patients as a promising diagnostic biomarker. Biomarkers 2024; 29:78-89. [PMID: 38354024 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2319296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis, a leading cause of mortality globally, has a complex and multifaceted pathophysiology which still requires elucidation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze and quantify the number of exosomes in sepsis patients from a South African cohort using the ExoView (NanoView Biosciences, Boston, MA) platform. METHODS Blood samples were collected from black South African patients attending the local Intensive Care Unit (ICU) hospital. Exosomes were isolated and characterize via TEM and CD63 ELISA kits. ExoView was used to determine particle count, particle size distribution and colocalization of different tetraspanin markers. RESULTS Exosomal levels in sepsis patients were significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Sepsis exosomes showed a homogenous size distribution ranging from 55 to 70 nm. Tetraspanin colocalization analysis revealed that sepsis exosomes have significantly higher CD63/CD9, CD63/CD81 and CD63/CD9/CD81 colocalization percentages than the control group. CONCLUSION This unique tetraspanin colocalization pattern of sepsis exosomes could serve as a potential sepsis biomarker. Further investigations are required to identify sepsis exosomal cargo signatures for further understanding of sepsis pathophysiology in order to develop effective diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roushka Bhagwan Valjee
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Irene Mackraj
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roshila Moodley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Usri H Ibrahim
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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4
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Qin S, Li W, Zeng J, Huang Y, Cai Q. Rice tetraspanins express in specific domains of diverse tissues and regulate plant architecture and root growth. Plant J 2024; 117:892-908. [PMID: 37955978 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins (TETs) are small transmembrane scaffold proteins that distribute proteins into highly organized microdomains, consisting of adaptors and signaling proteins, which play important roles in various biological events. In plants, understanding of tetraspanin is limited to the Arabidopsis TET genes' expression pattern and their function in leaf and root growth. Here, we comprehensively analyzed all rice tetraspanin (OsTET) family members, including their gene expression pattern, protein topology, and subcellular localization. We found that the core domain of OsTETs is conserved and shares a similar topology of four membrane-spanning domains with animal and plant TETs. OsTET genes are partially overlapping expressed in diverse tissue domains in vegetative and reproductive organs. OsTET proteins preferentially targeted the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutation analysis showed that OsTET5, OsTET6, OsTET9, and OsTET10 regulated plant height and tillering, and that OsTET13 controlled root growth in association with the jasmonic acid pathway. In summary, our work provides systematic new insights into the function of OsTETs in rice growth and development, and the data provides valuable resources for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiayue Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Bunz M, Eisele M, Hu D, Ritter M, Kammerloher J, Lampl S, Schindler M. CD81 suppresses NF-κB signaling and is downregulated in hepatitis C virus expressing cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1338606. [PMID: 38357447 PMCID: PMC10864554 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1338606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The tetraspanin CD81 is one of the main entry receptors for Hepatitis C virus, which is a major causative agent to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we identify CD81 as one of few surface proteins that are downregulated in HCV expressing hepatoma cells, discovering a functional role of CD81 beyond mediating HCV entry. CD81 was downregulated at the mRNA level in hepatoma cells that replicate HCV. Kinetics of HCV expression were increased in CD81-knockout cells and accompanied by enhanced cellular growth. Furthermore, loss of CD81 compensated for inhibition of pro-survival TBK1-signaling in HCV expressing cells. Analysis of functional phenotypes that could be associated with pro-survival signaling revealed that CD81 is a negative regulator of NF-κB. Interaction of the NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 was increased in cells lacking CD81. Similarly, we witnessed an overall increase in the total levels of phosphorylated and cellular p65 upon CD81-knockout in hepatoma cells. Finally, translocation of p65 in CD81-negative hepatoma cells was markedly induced upon stimulation with TNFα or PMA. Altogether, CD81 emerges as a regulator of pro-survival NF-κB signaling. Considering the important and established role of NF-κB for HCV replication and tumorigenesis, the downregulation of CD81 by HCV and the associated increase in NF-κB signaling might be relevant for viral persistence and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Bunz
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mona Eisele
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ritter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Kammerloher
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Lampl
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Ma Y, Yao Y, Meng X, Fu H, Li J, Luan X, Liu M, Liu H, Gu W, Hou L, Meng Q. Hemolymph exosomes inhibit Spiroplasma eriocheiris infection by promoting Tetraspanin-mediated hemocyte phagocytosis in crab. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23433. [PMID: 38226893 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302182r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes released from infected cells are thought to play an important role in the dissemination of pathogens, as well as in host-derived immune molecules during infection. As an intracellular pathogen, Spiroplasma eriocheiris is harmful to multiple crustaceans. However, the immune mechanism of exosomes during Spiroplasma infection has not been investigated. Here, we found exosomes derived from S. eriocheiris-infected crabs could facilitate phagocytosis and apoptosis of hemocytes, resulting in increased crab survival and suppression of Spiroplasma intracellular replication. Proteomic analysis revealed the altered abundance of EsTetraspanin may confer resistance to S. eriocheiris, possibly by mediating hemocyte phagocytosis in Eriocheir sinensis. Specifically, knockdown of EsTetraspanin in E. sinensis increased susceptibility to S. eriocheiris infection and displayed compromised phagocytic ability, whereas overexpression of EsTetraspanin in Drosophila S2 cells inhibited S. eriocheiris infection. Further, it was confirmed that intramuscular injection of recombinant LEL domain of EsTetraspanin reduced the mortality of S. eriocheiris-infected crabs. Blockade with anti-EsTetraspanin serum could exacerbate S. eriocheiris invasion of hemocytes and impair hemocyte phagocytic activity. Taken together, our findings prove for the first time that exosomes modulate phagocytosis to resist pathogenic infection in invertebrates, which is proposed to be mediated by exosomal Tetraspanin, supporting the development of preventative strategies against Spiroplasma infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Luan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Libo Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, PR China
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7
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Yang J, Zhang Z, Lam JSW, Fan H, Fu NY. Molecular Regulation and Oncogenic Functions of TSPAN8. Cells 2024; 13:193. [PMID: 38275818 PMCID: PMC10814125 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins, a superfamily of small integral membrane proteins, are characterized by four transmembrane domains and conserved protein motifs that are configured into a unique molecular topology and structure in the plasma membrane. They act as key organizers of the plasma membrane, orchestrating the formation of specialized microdomains called "tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs)" or "tetraspanin nanodomains" that are essential for mediating diverse biological processes. TSPAN8 is one of the earliest identified tetraspanin members. It is known to interact with a wide range of molecular partners in different cellular contexts and regulate diverse molecular and cellular events at the plasma membrane, including cell adhesion, migration, invasion, signal transduction, and exosome biogenesis. The functions of cell-surface TSPAN8 are governed by ER targeting, modifications at the Golgi apparatus and dynamic trafficking. Intriguingly, limited evidence shows that TSPAN8 can translocate to the nucleus to act as a transcriptional regulator. The transcription of TSPAN8 is tightly regulated and restricted to defined cell lineages, where it can serve as a molecular marker of stem/progenitor cells in certain normal tissues as well as tumors. Importantly, the oncogenic roles of TSPAN8 in tumor development and cancer metastasis have gained prominence in recent decades. Here, we comprehensively review the current knowledge on the molecular characteristics and regulatory mechanisms defining TSPAN8 functions, and discuss the potential and significance of TSPAN8 as a biomarker and therapeutic target across various epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Yang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joanne Shi Woon Lam
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Nai Yang Fu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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Bernauer H, Maier J, Bannert N, Ivanusic D. tANCHOR cell-based ELISA approach as a surrogate for antigen-coated plates to monitor specific IgG directed to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae001. [PMID: 38332985 PMCID: PMC10850845 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems use plates coated with peptides or expressed and purified proteins to monitor immunoglobulins derived from patient serum. However, there is currently no easy, flexible, and fast adaptive ELISA-based system for testing antibodies directed against new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. In this study, we utilized the tANCHOR protein display system that provides a cell surface decorated with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) to monitor specific antibodies derived from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent and vaccinated individuals directed against it. To test sera from vaccinees or convalescent individuals, only the RBD coding sequence needs to be cloned in the tANCHOR vector system and transfected into HeLa cells. Time-consuming protein expression, isolation, and purification followed by coating assay plates are not necessary. With this technique, the immune evasion of new SARS-CoV-2 variants from current vaccination regimes can be examined quickly and reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josef Maier
- ATG:biosynthetics GmbH, 79249 Merzhausen, Germany
| | - Norbert Bannert
- Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens and HIV (FG18), Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Ivanusic
- Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Pathogens and HIV (FG18), Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Kim JE, Park S, Kwak C, Lee Y, Song D, Jung JW, Lee H, Shin E, Pinanga Y, Pyo K, Lee EH, Kim W, Kim S, Jun C, Yun J, Choi S, Rhee H, Liu K, Lee JW. Glucose-mediated mitochondrial reprogramming by cholesterol export at TM4SF5-enriched mitochondria-lysosome contact sites. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:47-75. [PMID: 38133457 PMCID: PMC10794009 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) translocates subcellularly and functions metabolically, although it is unclear how intracellular TM4SF5 translocation is linked to metabolic contexts. It is thus of interests to understand how the traffic dynamics of TM4SF5 to subcellular endosomal membranes are correlated to regulatory roles of metabolisms. METHODS Here, we explored the metabolic significance of TM4SF5 localization at mitochondria-lysosome contact sites (MLCSs), using in vitro cells and in vivo animal systems, via approaches by immunofluorescence, proximity labelling based proteomics analysis, organelle reconstitution etc. RESULTS: Upon extracellular glucose repletion following depletion, TM4SF5 became enriched at MLCSs via an interaction between mitochondrial FK506-binding protein 8 (FKBP8) and lysosomal TM4SF5. Proximity labeling showed molecular clustering of phospho-dynamic-related protein I (DRP1) and certain mitophagy receptors at TM4SF5-enriched MLCSs, leading to mitochondrial fission and autophagy. TM4SF5 bound NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) and free cholesterol, and mediated export of lysosomal cholesterol to mitochondria, leading to impaired oxidative phosphorylation but intact tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and β-oxidation. In mouse models, hepatocyte Tm4sf5 promoted mitophagy and cholesterol transport to mitochondria, both with positive relations to liver malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that TM4SF5-enriched MLCSs regulate glucose catabolism by facilitating cholesterol export for mitochondrial reprogramming, presumably while hepatocellular carcinogenesis, recapitulating aspects for hepatocellular carcinoma metabolism with mitochondrial reprogramming to support biomolecule synthesis in addition to glycolytic energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eon Kim
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - So‐Young Park
- BK21 FOUR Community‐Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Kwak
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung‐Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Dae‐Geun Song
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Gangneung‐siGangwon‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Jung
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Haesong Lee
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Ae Shin
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yangie Pinanga
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐hee Pyo
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun Hae Lee
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Kim
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang‐Duck Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)GwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Medicine, Dong‐A UniversityBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Sun Choi
- Global AI Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Woo Rhee
- Department of ChemistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwang‐Hyeon Liu
- BK21 FOUR Community‐Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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10
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Lewis TR, Makia MS, Castillo CM, Hao Y, Al-Ubaidi MR, Skiba NP, Conley SM, Arshavsky VY, Naash MI. ROM1 is redundant to PRPH2 as a molecular building block of photoreceptor disc rims. eLife 2023; 12:RP89444. [PMID: 37991486 PMCID: PMC10665016 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual signal transduction takes place within a stack of flattened membranous 'discs' enclosed within the light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segment. The highly curved rims of these discs, formed in the process of disc enclosure, are fortified by large hetero-oligomeric complexes of two homologous tetraspanin proteins, PRPH2 (a.k.a. peripherin-2 or rds) and ROM1. While mutations in PRPH2 affect the formation of disc rims, the role of ROM1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that the knockout of ROM1 causes a compensatory increase in the disc content of PRPH2. Despite this increase, discs of ROM1 knockout mice displayed a delay in disc enclosure associated with a large diameter and lack of incisures in mature discs. Strikingly, further increasing the level of PRPH2 rescued these morphological defects. We next showed that disc rims are still formed in a knockin mouse in which the tetraspanin body of PRPH2 was replaced with that of ROM1. Together, these results demonstrate that, despite its contribution to the formation of disc rims, ROM1 can be replaced by an excess of PRPH2 for timely enclosure of newly forming discs and establishing normal outer segment structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tylor R Lewis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Mustafa S Makia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of HoustonHoustonUnited States
| | - Carson M Castillo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Ying Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of HoustonHoustonUnited States
- College of Optometry, University of HoustonHoustonUnited States
| | - Nikolai P Skiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Shannon M Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Vadim Y Arshavsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Muna I Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of HoustonHoustonUnited States
- College of Optometry, University of HoustonHoustonUnited States
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11
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Easterday DS, Lark DS. Circulating Tetraspanins: From Markers to Mechanisms Driving Systemic Exercise Adaptation. Function (Oxf) 2023; 4:zqad048. [PMID: 37753183 PMCID: PMC10519272 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darby S Easterday
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Daniel S Lark
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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12
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Cochran JN, Acosta-Uribe J, Esposito BT, Madrigal L, Aguillón D, Giraldo MM, Taylor JW, Bradley J, Fulton-Howard B, Andrews SJ, Acosta-Baena N, Alzate D, Garcia GP, Piedrahita F, Lopez HE, Anderson AG, Rodriguez-Nunez I, Roberts K, Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Absher D, Myers RM, Beecham GW, Reitz C, Rizzardi LF, Fernandez MV, Goate AM, Cruchaga C, Renton AE, Lopera F, Kosik KS. Genetic associations with age at dementia onset in the PSEN1 E280A Colombian kindred. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3835-3847. [PMID: 36951251 PMCID: PMC10514237 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic associations with Alzheimer's disease (AD) age at onset (AAO) could reveal genetic variants with therapeutic applications. We present a large Colombian kindred with autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) as a unique opportunity to discover AAO genetic associations. METHODS A genetic association study was conducted to examine ADAD AAO in 340 individuals with the PSEN1 E280A mutation via TOPMed array imputation. Replication was assessed in two ADAD cohorts, one sporadic early-onset AD study and four late-onset AD studies. RESULTS 13 variants had p<1×10-7 or p<1×10-5 with replication including three independent loci with candidate associations with clusterin including near CLU. Other suggestive associations were identified in or near HS3ST1, HSPG2, ACE, LRP1B, TSPAN10, and TSPAN14. DISCUSSION Variants with suggestive associations with AAO were associated with biological processes including clusterin, heparin sulfate, and amyloid processing. The detection of these effects in the presence of a strong mutation for ADAD reinforces their potentially impactful role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Acosta-Uribe
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia. School of Medicine. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Bianca T Esposito
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lucia Madrigal
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia. School of Medicine. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - David Aguillón
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia. School of Medicine. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Margarita M Giraldo
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia. School of Medicine. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Jared W Taylor
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Joseph Bradley
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian Fulton-Howard
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shea J Andrews
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Natalia Acosta-Baena
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia. School of Medicine. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Diana Alzate
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia. School of Medicine. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Gloria P Garcia
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia. School of Medicine. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Francisco Piedrahita
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia. School of Medicine. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Hugo E Lopez
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia. School of Medicine. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | | | | | - Kevin Roberts
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Gary W Beecham
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Department of Epidemiology, Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alan E Renton
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia. School of Medicine. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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13
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Green LR, Issa R, Albaldi F, Urwin L, Thompson R, Khalid H, Turner CE, Ciani B, Partridge LJ, Monk PN. CD9 co-operation with syndecan-1 is required for a major staphylococcal adhesion pathway. mBio 2023; 14:e0148223. [PMID: 37486132 PMCID: PMC10470606 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01482-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial colonization is a critical first step in bacterial pathogenesis. Staphylococcus aureus can utilize several host factors to associate with cells, including α5β1 integrin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, such as the syndecans. Here, we demonstrate that a partner protein of both integrins and syndecans, the host membrane adapter protein tetraspanin CD9, is essential for syndecan-mediated staphylococcal adhesion. Fibronectin is also essential in this process, while integrins are only critical for post-adhesion entry into human epithelial cells. Treatment of epithelial cells with CD9-derived peptide or heparin caused significant reductions in staphylococcal adherence, dependent on both CD9 and syndecan-1. Exogenous fibronectin caused a CD9-dependent increase in staphylococcal adhesion, whereas blockade of β1 integrins did not affect adhesion but did reduce the subsequent internalization of adhered bacteria. CD9 disruption or deletion increased β1 integrin-mediated internalization, suggesting that CD9 coordinates sequential staphylococcal adhesion and internalization. CD9 controls staphylococcal adhesion through syndecan-1, using a mechanism that likely requires CD9-mediated syndecan organization to correctly display fibronectin at the host cell surface. We propose that CD9-derived peptides or heparin analogs could be developed as anti-adhesion treatments to inhibit the initial stages of staphylococcal pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus infection is a significant cause of disease and morbidity. Staphylococci utilize multiple adhesion pathways to associate with epithelial cells, including interactions with proteoglycans or β1 integrins through a fibronectin bridge. Interference with another host protein, tetraspanin CD9, halves staphylococcal adherence to epithelial cells, although CD9 does not interact directly with bacteria. Here, we define the role of CD9 in staphylococcal adherence and uptake, observing that CD9 coordinates syndecan-1, fibronectin, and β1 integrins to allow efficient staphylococcal infection. Two treatments that disrupt this action are effective and may provide an alternative to antibiotics. We provide insights into the mechanisms that underlie staphylococcal infection of host cells, linking two known adhesion pathways together through CD9 for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Green
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rahaf Issa
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fawzyah Albaldi
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Urwin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Thompson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Henna Khalid
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E. Turner
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Ciani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lynda J. Partridge
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N. Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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14
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Lewis TR, Makia MS, Castillo CM, Hao Y, Al-Ubaidi MR, Skiba NP, Conley SM, Arshavsky VY, Naash MI. ROM1 is redundant to PRPH2 as a molecular building block of photoreceptor disc rims. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.02.547380. [PMID: 37693615 PMCID: PMC10491102 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.02.547380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Visual signal transduction takes place within a stack of flattened membranous "discs" enclosed within the light-sensitive photoreceptor outer segment. The highly curved rims of these discs, formed in the process of disc enclosure, are fortified by large hetero-oligomeric complexes of two homologous tetraspanin proteins, PRPH2 (a.k.a. peripherin-2 or rds) and ROM1. While mutations in PRPH2 affect the formation of disc rims, the role of ROM1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that the knockout of ROM1 causes a compensatory increase in the disc content of PRPH2. Despite this increase, discs of ROM1 knockout mice displayed a delay in disc enclosure associated with a large diameter and lack of incisures in mature discs. Strikingly, further increasing the level of PRPH2 rescued these morphological defects. We next showed that disc rims are still formed in a knockin mouse in which the tetraspanin body of PRPH2 was replaced with that of ROM1. Together, these results demonstrate that, despite its contribution to the formation of disc rims, ROM1 can be replaced by an excess of PRPH2 for timely enclosure of newly forming discs and establishing normal outer segment structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tylor R. Lewis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
| | - Mustafa S. Makia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, 77204
| | - Carson M. Castillo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
| | - Ying Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
| | - Muayyad R. Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, 77204
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, 77204
| | - Nikolai P. Skiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
| | - Shannon M. Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA, 73104
| | - Vadim Y. Arshavsky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA, 27710
| | - Muna I. Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, 77204
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA, 77204
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15
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Lipper CH, Egan ED, Gabriel KH, Blacklow SC. Structural basis for membrane-proximal proteolysis of substrates by ADAM10. Cell 2023; 186:3632-3641.e10. [PMID: 37516108 PMCID: PMC10528452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The endopeptidase ADAM10 is a critical catalyst for the regulated proteolysis of key drivers of mammalian development, physiology, and non-amyloidogenic cleavage of APP as the primary α-secretase. ADAM10 function requires the formation of a complex with a C8-tetraspanin protein, but how tetraspanin binding enables positioning of the enzyme active site for membrane-proximal cleavage remains unknown. We present here a cryo-EM structure of a vFab-ADAM10-Tspan15 complex, which shows that Tspan15 binding relieves ADAM10 autoinhibition and acts as a molecular measuring stick to position the enzyme active site about 20 Å from the plasma membrane for membrane-proximal substrate cleavage. Cell-based assays of N-cadherin shedding establish that the positioning of the active site by the interface between the ADAM10 catalytic domain and the bound tetraspanin influences selection of the preferred cleavage site. Together, these studies reveal the molecular mechanism underlying ADAM10 proteolysis at membrane-proximal sites and offer a roadmap for its modulation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin H Lipper
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily D Egan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khal-Hentz Gabriel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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16
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Jiang D, Li Y, Yu L. Detection, Purification, Characterization, and Manipulation of Migrasomes. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e856. [PMID: 37540780 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Migrasomes are newly discovered cellular organelles, first described in 2015, that are formed by migrating cells. During migration, cells leave behind long membrane tethers called retraction fibers. Numerous micrometer-scale vesicles grow from the tips or junctions of these fibers, which we have named migrasomes. Migrasomes play important roles in various physiological processes, including releasing signaling factors to ensure organ morphogenesis during zebrafish embryo development, transferring mRNAs among cells, disposing of damaged mitochondria from the cell to maintain cell homeostasis, and secreting pro-angiogenic molecules to promote angiogenesis during chicken embryo development. Migrasomes are beginning to attract the attention of researchers in multiple fields. Here, we summarize the most commonly used protocols for migrasome detection using fluorescence microscopy imaging, purification through density-gradient centrifugation, characterization using electron microscopy (EM) imaging and biochemical analysis, and manipulation of migrasomes by targeting integrins and tetraspanins. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Detection and observation of migrasomes by fluorescence microscopy imaging Basic Protocol 2: Purification of migrasomes from cultured cell lines and embryos by density-gradient centrifugation Basic Protocol 3: Characterization of migrasomes by electron microscopy imaging and biochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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17
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Parra-Aguilar TJ, Sarmiento-López LG, Santana O, Olivares JE, Pascual-Morales E, Jiménez-Jiménez S, Quero-Hostos A, Palacios-Martínez J, Chávez-Martínez AI, Cárdenas L. TETRASPANIN 8-1 from Phaseolus vulgaris plays a key role during mutualistic interactions. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1152493. [PMID: 37465390 PMCID: PMC10352089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia form two of the most important plant-microbe associations for the assimilation of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Symbiont-derived signals are able to coordinate the infection process by triggering multiple responses in the plant root, such as calcium influxes and oscillations, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytoskeletal rearrangements and altered gene expression. An examination was made of the role of tetraspanins, which are transmembrane proteins that self-organize into tetraspanin web regions, where they recruit specific proteins into platforms required for signal transduction, membrane fusion, cell trafficking, and ROS generation. In plant cells, tetraspanins are scaffolding proteins associated with root radial patterning, biotic and abiotic stress responses, cell fate determination, plasmodesmata and hormonal regulation. Some plant tetraspanins, such as Arabidopsis thaliana TETRASPANIN 8 and TETRASPANIN 9 (AtTET8 and AtTET9) are associated with exosomes during inter-kingdom communication. In this study, a homolog of AtTET8, PvTET8-1, in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Negro Jamapa) was examined in roots during interactions with Rhizobium tropici and Rhizophagus irregularis. The promoter of PvTET8-1 contained several cis-acting regulatory DNA elements potentially related to mutualistic interactions, and PvTET8-1 was transcriptionally activated during AM fungal and rhizobial associations. Silencing it decreased the size and number of nodules, nitrogen fixation, and mycorrhizal arbuscule formation, whereas overexpressing it increased the size and number of nodules, and mycorrhizal arbuscule formation but decreased nitrogen fixation. PvTET8-1 appears to be an important element in both of these mutualistic interactions, perhaps through its interaction with NADPH oxidase and the generation of ROS during the infection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma J. Parra-Aguilar
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis G. Sarmiento-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Olivia Santana
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Juan Elías Olivares
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Edgar Pascual-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Saul Jiménez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Andrea Quero-Hostos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Janet Palacios-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ana I. Chávez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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18
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Guan F, Dai X, Yang Y, Tabashnik BE, Wu Y. Population Genomics of Nonrecessive Resistance to Bt Toxin Cry1Ac in Helicoverpa armigera From Northern China. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:310-320. [PMID: 36610305 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have provided control of some key pests since 1996. However, the evolution of resistance by pests reduces the benefits of Bt crops. Resistance to Bt crops that is not recessively inherited is especially challenging to manage. Here we analyzed nonrecessive resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in eight field populations of Helicoverpa armigera sampled in 2018 from northern China, where this global pest has been exposed to Cry1Ac in Bt cotton since 1997. Bioassays revealed 7.5% of field-derived larvae were resistant to Cry1Ac of which 87% had at least one allele conferring nonrecessive resistance. To analyze this nonrecessive resistance, we developed and applied a variant of a genomic mapping approach called quantitative trait locus (QTL)-seq. This analysis identified a region on chromosome 10 associated with nonrecessive resistance to Cry1Ac in all 21 backcross families derived from field-collected moths. Individual sequencing revealed that all 21 field-collected resistant grandparents of the backcross families had a previously identified dominant point mutation in the tetraspanin gene HaTSPAN1 that occurs in the region of chromosome 10 identified by QTL-seq. QTL-seq also revealed a region on chromosome 26 associated with nonrecessive resistance in at most 14% of the backcross families. Overall, the results imply the point mutation in HaTSPAN1 is the primary genetic basis of nonrecessive resistance to Cry1Ac in field populations of H. armigera from northern China. Moreover, because nonrecessive resistance is predominant, tracking the frequency of this point mutation could facilitate resistance monitoring in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoguang Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yihua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bruce E Tabashnik
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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19
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Holland S, Roth R. Extracellular Vesicles in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2023; 36:235-244. [PMID: 36867731 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-22-0189-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is an ancient and highly conserved mutualism between plant and fungal symbionts, in which a highly specialized membrane-delimited fungal arbuscule acts as the symbiotic interface for nutrient exchange and signaling. As a ubiquitous means of biomolecule transport and intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are likely to play a role in this intimate cross-kingdom symbiosis, yet, there is a lack of research investigating the importance of EVs in AM symbiosis despite known roles in microbial interactions in both animal and plant pathosystems. Clarifying the current understanding of EVs in this symbiosis in light of recent ultrastructural observations is paramount to guiding future investigations in the field, and, to this end, this review summarizes recent research investigating these areas. Namely, this review discusses the available knowledge regarding biogenesis pathways and marker proteins associated with the various plant EV subclasses, EV trafficking pathways during symbiosis, and the endocytic mechanisms implicated in the uptake of these EVs. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Holland
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, U.K
| | - Ronelle Roth
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, U.K
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20
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Yang J, Guo F, Chin HS, Chen GB, Ang CH, Lin Q, Hong W, Fu NY. Sequential genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens identify genes regulating cell-surface expression of tetraspanins. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112065. [PMID: 36724073 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins, a superfamily of membrane proteins, mediate diverse biological processes through tetraspanin-enriched microdomains in the plasma membrane. However, how their cell-surface presentation is controlled remains unclear. To identify the regulators of tetraspanin trafficking, we conduct sequential genome-wide loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9 screens based on cell-surface expression of a tetraspanin member, TSPAN8. Several genes potentially involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeting, different biological processes in the Golgi apparatus, and protein trafficking are identified and functionally validated. Importantly, we find that biantennary N-glycans generated by MGAT1/2, but not more complex glycan structures, are important for cell-surface tetraspanin expression. Moreover, we unravel that SPPL3, a Golgi intramembrane-cleaving protease reported previously to act as a sheddase of multiple glycan-modifying enzymes, controls cell-surface tetraspanin expression through a mechanism associated with lacto-series glycolipid biosynthesis. Our study provides critical insights into the molecular regulation of cell-surface presentation of tetraspanins with implications for strategies to manipulate their functions, including cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Yang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Fusheng Guo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Hui San Chin
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Gao Bin Chen
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chow Hiang Ang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Nai Yang Fu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Stem Cells and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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21
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Higgins CB, Adams JA, Ward MH, Greenberg ZJ, Milewska M, Sun J, Zhang Y, Chiquetto Paracatu L, Dong Q, Ballentine S, Li W, Wandzik I, Schuettpelz LG, DeBosch BJ. The tetraspanin transmembrane protein CD53 mediates dyslipidemia and integrates inflammatory and metabolic signaling in hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102835. [PMID: 36581203 PMCID: PMC9900517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are transmembrane signaling and proinflammatory proteins. Prior work demonstrates that the tetraspanin, CD53/TSPAN25/MOX44, mediates B-cell development and lymphocyte migration to lymph nodes and is implicated in various inflammatory diseases. However, CD53 is also expressed in highly metabolic tissues, including adipose and liver; yet its function outside the lymphoid compartment is not defined. Here, we show that CD53 demarcates the nutritional and inflammatory status of hepatocytes. High-fat exposure and inflammatory stimuli induced CD53 in vivo in liver and isolated primary hepatocytes. In contrast, restricting hepatocyte glucose flux through hepatocyte glucose transporter 8 deletion or through trehalose treatment blocked CD53 induction in fat- and fructose-exposed contexts. Furthermore, germline CD53 deletion in vivo blocked Western diet-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic inflammatory transcriptomic activation. Surprisingly, metabolic protection in CD53 KO mice was more pronounced in the presence of an inciting inflammatory event. CD53 deletion attenuated tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced and fatty acid + lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine gene expression and hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation in isolated murine hepatocytes. In vivo, CD53 deletion in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis diet-fed mice blocked peripheral adipose accumulation and adipose inflammation, insulin tolerance, and liver lipid accumulation. We then defined a stabilized and trehalase-resistant trehalose polymer that blocks hepatocyte CD53 expression in basal and over-fed contexts. The data suggest that CD53 integrates inflammatory and metabolic signals in response to hepatocyte nutritional status and that CD53 blockade may provide a means by which to attenuate pathophysiology in diseases that integrate overnutrition and inflammation, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra B Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joshua A Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew H Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zev J Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Małgorzata Milewska
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jiameng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Qian Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samuel Ballentine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Weikai Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ilona Wandzik
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland; Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Laura G Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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22
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Al-Talib H, Abdulwahab MH, Murad K, Amiruddin ND, Mohamed NN. Antimicrobial Effects of Tetraspanin CD9 Peptide against Microbiota Causing Armpit Malodour. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36830182 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic peptides, including tetraspanin CD9 peptides, are increasingly coming into focus as new treatment strategies against various organisms, including bacteria, that cause underarm odour. The use of deodorants and antiperspirants is associated with side effects. Therefore, it is critical to find an alternative therapeutic approach to combat underarm odour. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of tetraspanin CD9 peptides against the skin microbiota that cause malodour in the underarms. The antimicrobial activity of CD9 peptides against Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), and Corynebacterium xerosis (C. xerosis) was investigated by the disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth microdilution assays using CD9 peptide concentrations ranging from 1 mg/mL to 0.0078 mg/mL. In addition, the anti-biofilm activity of the CD9 peptides was determined. The CD9 peptides showed different antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone of 7.67, 9.67, 7.00, and 6.00 mm for S. epidermidis, M. luteus, C. xerosis, and B. subtilis, respectively. All bacteria had the same MBC value of 1 mg/mL. A high MIC of CD9 peptides was observed for S. epidermidis and M. luteus at 0.5 mg/mL. The MIC values of B. subtilis and C. xerosis were 0.125 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. CD9 peptides significantly inhibited biofilm development of S. epidermidis, B. subtilis, and C. xerosis isolates. The CD9 tetraspanin peptide has excellent antibacterial activity against bacteria that cause underarm odour. Therefore, the CD9 tetraspanin peptide is a promising alternative to deodorants and antiperspirants to combat commensal bacteria of the skin that cause underarm odour.
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23
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Moretto E, Miozzo F, Longatti A, Bonnet C, Coussen F, Jaudon F, Cingolani LA, Passafaro M. The tetraspanin TSPAN5 regulates AMPAR exocytosis by interacting with the AP4 complex. eLife 2023; 12:76425. [PMID: 36795458 PMCID: PMC9934860 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking of AMPA receptors is a tightly regulated process which involves several adaptor proteins, and is crucial for the activity of excitatory synapses both in basal conditions and during synaptic plasticity. We found that, in rat hippocampal neurons, an intracellular pool of the tetraspanin TSPAN5 promotes exocytosis of AMPA receptors without affecting their internalisation. TSPAN5 mediates this function by interacting with the adaptor protein complex AP4 and Stargazin and possibly using recycling endosomes as a delivery route. This work highlights TSPAN5 as a new adaptor regulating AMPA receptor trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Moretto
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNRVedano al LambroItaly,NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-BicoccaMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Caroline Bonnet
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroscienceBordeauxFrance
| | - Francoise Coussen
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for NeuroscienceBordeauxFrance
| | - Fanny Jaudon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of TriesteTriesteItaly,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San MartinoGenoaItaly
| | - Lorenzo A Cingolani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of TriesteTriesteItaly,Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)GenoaItaly
| | - Maria Passafaro
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNRVedano al LambroItaly,NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-BicoccaMilanItaly
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24
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Kita S, Shimomura I. Extracellular Vesicles as an Endocrine Mechanism Connecting Distant Cells. Mol Cells 2022; 45:771-780. [PMID: 36380729 PMCID: PMC9676990 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has expanded tremendously over the last decade. The role of cell-to-cell communication in neighboring or distant cells has been increasingly ascribed to EVs generated by various cells. Initially, EVs were thought to a means of cellular debris or disposal system of unwanted cellular materials that provided an alternative to autolysis in lysosomes. Intercellular exchange of information has been considered to be achieved by well-known systems such as hormones, cytokines, and nervous networks. However, most research in this field has searched for and found evidence to support paracrine or endocrine roles of EV, which inevitably leads to a new concept that EVs are synthesized to achieve their paracrine or endocrine purposes. Here, we attempted to verify the endocrine role of EV production and their contents, such as RNAs and bioactive proteins, from the regulation of biogenesis, secretion, and action mechanisms while discussing the current technical limitations. It will also be important to discuss how blood EV concentrations are regulated as if EVs are humoral endocrine machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunbun Kita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Adipose Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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25
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Abstract
The migrasome is a newly discovered organelle produced by migrating cells. As cells migrate, long and thin retraction fibers are left in their wake. On these fibers, we discovered the production of a pomegranate-like structure, which we named migrasomes. The production of migrasomes is highly correlated with the migration of cells. Currently, it has been demonstrated the migrasomes exhibit three modes of action: release of signaling molecules through rupturing or leaking, carriers of damaged mitochondria, and lateral transfer of mRNA or proteins. In this review, we would like to discuss, in detail, the functions, mechanisms, and potential applications of this newly discovered cell organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunbang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyBeijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureSchool of Life ScienceTsinghua University‐Peking University Joint Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyBeijing Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureSchool of Life ScienceTsinghua University‐Peking University Joint Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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26
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Dharan R, Goren S, Cheppali SK, Shendrik P, Brand G, Vaknin A, Yu L, Kozlov MM, Sorkin R. Transmembrane proteins tetraspanin 4 and CD9 sense membrane curvature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208993119. [PMID: 36252000 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208993119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple membrane-shaping and remodeling processes are associated with tetraspanin proteins by yet unknown mechanisms. Tetraspanins constitute a family of proteins with four transmembrane domains present in every cell type. Prominent examples are tetraspanin4 and CD9, which are required for the fundamental cellular processes of migrasome formation and fertilization, respectively. These proteins are enriched in curved membrane structures, such as cellular retraction fibers and oocyte microvilli. The factors driving this enrichment are, however, unknown. Here, we revealed that tetraspanin4 and CD9 are curvature sensors with a preference for positive membrane curvature. To this end, we used a biomimetic system emulating membranes of cell retraction fibers and oocyte microvilli by membrane tubes pulled out of giant plasma membrane vesicles with controllable membrane tension and curvature. We developed a simple thermodynamic model for the partitioning of curvature sensors between flat and tubular membranes, which allowed us to estimate the individual intrinsic curvatures of the two proteins. Overall, our findings illuminate the process of migrasome formation and oocyte microvilli shaping and provide insight into the role of tetraspanin proteins in membrane remodeling processes.
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27
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Colbert JD, Cruz FM, Baer CE, Rock KL. Tetraspanin-5-mediated MHC class I clustering is required for optimal CD8 T cell activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122188119. [PMID: 36215490 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122188119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MHC molecules are not randomly distributed on the plasma membrane but instead are present in discrete nanoclusters. The mechanisms that control formation of MHC I nanoclusters and the importance of such structures are incompletely understood. Here, we report a molecular association between tetraspanin-5 (Tspan5) and MHC I molecules that started in the endoplasmic reticulum and was maintained on the plasma membrane. This association was observed both in mouse dendritic cells and in human cancer cell lines. Loss of Tspan5 reduced the size of MHC I clusters without affecting MHC I peptide loading, delivery of complexes to the plasma membrane, or overall surface MHC I levels. Functionally, CD8 T cell responses to antigen presented by Tspan5-deficient dendritic cells were impaired but were restored by antibody-induced reclustering of MHC I molecules. In contrast, Tspan5 did not associate with two other plasma membrane proteins, Flotillin1 and CD55, with or the endoplasmic reticulum proteins Tapasin and TAP. Thus, our findings identify a mechanism underlying the clustering of MHC I molecules that is important for optimal T cell responses.
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28
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Demais V, Pohl A, Wunderlich KA, Pfaller AM, Kaplan L, Barthélémy A, Dittrich R, Puig B, Giebel B, Hauck SM, Pfrieger FW, Grosche A. Release of VAMP5-positive extracellular vesicles by retinal Müller glia in vivo. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12254. [PMID: 36043482 PMCID: PMC9428896 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions in the central nervous system are based on the release of molecules mediating signal exchange and providing structural and trophic support through vesicular exocytosis and the formation of extracellular vesicles. The specific mechanisms employed by each cell type in the brain are incompletely understood. Here, we explored the means of communication used by Müller cells, a type of radial glial cells in the retina, which forms part of the central nervous system. Using immunohistochemical, electron microscopic, and molecular analyses, we provide evidence for the release of distinct extracellular vesicles from endfeet and microvilli of retinal Müller cells in adult mice in vivo. We identify VAMP5 as a Müller cell-specific SNARE component that is part of extracellular vesicles and responsive to ischemia, and we reveal differences between the secretomes of immunoaffinity-purified Müller cells and neurons in vitro. Our findings suggest extracellular vesicle-based communication as an important mediator of cellular interactions in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Demais
- Plateforme Imagerie In Vitro, CNRS UAR 3156, Neuropôle, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Pohl
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center BMC, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten A Wunderlich
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center BMC, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna M Pfaller
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center BMC, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lew Kaplan
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center BMC, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Amelie Barthélémy
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Robin Dittrich
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Neurology Department, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core and Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Frank W Pfrieger
- Plateforme Imagerie In Vitro, CNRS UAR 3156, Neuropôle, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center BMC, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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29
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Jung JW, Kim JE, Kim E, Lee H, Lee H, Shin E, Lee JW. Liver-originated small extracellular vesicles with TM4SF5 target brown adipose tissue for homeostatic glucose clearance. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12262. [PMID: 36063136 PMCID: PMC9443943 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is involved in chronic liver disease, although its role in glucose homeostasis remains unknown. TM4SF5 deficiency caused age-dependent glucose (in)tolerance with no link to insulin sensitivity. Further, hepatic TM4SF5 binding to GLUT1 promoted glucose uptake and glycolysis. Excessive glucose repletion caused hepatocytes to secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) loaded with TM4SF5 (hep-sEVTm4sf5 ), suggesting a role for sEVTm4sf5 in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Hep-sEVTm4sf5 were smaller than sEVControl and recruit proteins for efficient organ tropism. Liver-derived sEVs, via a liver-closed vein circuit (LCVC) using hepatic TM4SF5-overexpressing (Alb-Tm4sf5 TG) mice (liv-sEVTm4sf5 ), improved glucose tolerance in Tm4sf5-/- KO mice and targeted brown adipose tissues (BATs), possibly allowing the clearance of blood glucose as heat independent of UCP1. Taken together, hep-sEVTm4sf5 might clear high extracellular glucose levels more efficiently by targeting BAT compared with hep-sEVControl , suggesting an insulin-like role for sEV™4SF5 in affecting age-related metabolic status and thus body weight (BW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Haesong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Ae Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung Weon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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30
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Fordjour FK, Guo C, Ai Y, Daaboul GG, Gould SJ. A shared, stochastic pathway mediates exosome protein budding along plasma and endosome membranes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102394. [PMID: 35988652 PMCID: PMC9512851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles of ∼30 to 150 nm that are secreted by all cells, abundant in all biofluids, and play important roles in health and disease. However, details about the mechanism of exosome biogenesis are unclear. Here, we carried out a cargo-based analysis of exosome cargo protein biogenesis in which we identified the most highly enriched exosomal cargo proteins and then followed their biogenesis, trafficking, and exosomal secretion to test different hypotheses for how cells make exosomes. We show that exosome cargo proteins bud from cells (i) in exosome-sized vesicles regardless of whether they are localized to plasma or endosome membranes, (ii) ∼5-fold more efficiently when localized to the plasma membrane, (iii) ∼5-fold less efficiently when targeted to the endosome membrane, (iv) by a stochastic process that leads to ∼100-fold differences in their abundance from one exosome to another, and (v) independently of small GTPase Rab27a, the ESCRT complex–associated protein Alix, or the cargo protein CD63. Taken together, our results demonstrate that cells use a shared, stochastic mechanism to bud exosome cargoes along the spectrum of plasma and endosome membranes and far more efficiently from the plasma membrane than the endosome. Our observations also indicate that the pronounced variation in content between different exosome-sized vesicles is an inevitable consequence of a stochastic mechanism of small vesicle biogenesis, that the origin membrane of exosome-sized extracellular vesicles simply cannot be determined, and that most of what we currently know about exosomes has likely come from studies of plasma membrane-derived vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis K Fordjour
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yiwei Ai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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31
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Wang Y, Yang Q, Meng X, Wijaya CS, Ren X, Xu S. Recruitment of tetraspanin TSP-15 to epidermal wounds promotes plasma membrane repair in C. elegans. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1630-1642.e4. [PMID: 35777354 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the integrity of the plasma membrane after cellular damage is essential for cell survival. However, it is unclear how cells repair large membrane injuries in vivo. Here, we report that the tetraspanin protein, TSP-15, is recruited to large membrane wounds and forms a ring-like structure in C. elegans epidermis and promotes membrane repair after an injury. TSP-15 recruits from the adjacent region underneath the plasma membrane to the wound site in a RAB-5-dependent manner upon membrane damage. Genetic and live-imaging analysis suggested that the endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT III) is necessary for recruiting TSP-15 from the early endosome to the damaged membrane. Moreover, TSP-15 interacts with and is required for the accumulation of t-SNARE protein Syntaxin-2, which facilitates membrane repair. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of the conserved tetraspanin TSP-15 in the cellular repair of large wounds resulting from environmental insults.
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32
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Dunlock VE, Arp AB, Singh SP, Charrin S, Nguyen V, Jansen E, Schaper F, Beest MT, Zuidscherwoude M, van Deventer SJ, Nakken B, Szodoray P, Demaria MC, Wright MD, Querol Cano L, Rubinstein E, van Spriel AB. Tetraspanin CD53 controls T cell immunity through regulation of CD45RO stability, mobility, and function. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111006. [PMID: 35767951 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells depend on the phosphatase CD45 to initiate T cell receptor signaling. Although the critical role of CD45 in T cells is established, the mechanisms controlling function and localization in the membrane are not well understood. Moreover, the regulation of specific CD45 isoforms in T cell signaling remains unresolved. By using unbiased mass spectrometry, we identify the tetraspanin CD53 as a partner of CD45 and show that CD53 controls CD45 function and T cell activation. CD53-negative T cells (Cd53-/-) exhibit substantial proliferation defects, and Cd53-/- mice show impaired tumor rejection and reduced IFNγ-producing T cells compared with wild-type mice. Investigation into the mechanism reveals that CD53 is required for CD45RO expression and mobility. In addition, CD53 is shown to stabilize CD45 on the membrane and is required for optimal phosphatase activity and subsequent Lck activation. Together, our findings reveal CD53 as a regulator of CD45 activity required for T cell immunity.
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Lasswitz L, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Moeller R, Hülskötter K, Laurent T, Carlson LA, Goffinet C, Simmons G, Baumgärtner W, Gerold G. The Tetraspanin CD81 Is a Host Factor for Chikungunya Virus Replication. mBio 2022;:e0073122. [PMID: 35612284 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00731-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic reemerging virus replicating in plasma membrane-derived compartments termed "spherules." Here, we identify the human transmembrane protein CD81 as host factor required for CHIKV replication. Ablation of CD81 results in decreased CHIKV permissiveness, while overexpression enhances infection. CD81 is dispensable for virus uptake but critically required for viral genome replication. Likewise, murine CD81 is crucial for CHIKV permissiveness and is expressed in target cells such as dermal fibroblasts, muscle and liver cells. Whereas related alphaviruses, including Ross River virus (RRV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Sindbis virus (SINV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), also depend on CD81 for infection, RNA viruses from other families, such as coronaviruses, replicate independently of CD81. Strikingly, the replication-enhancing function of CD81 is linked to cholesterol binding. These results define a mechanism exploited by alphaviruses to hijack the membrane microdomain-modeling protein CD81 for virus replication through interaction with cholesterol. IMPORTANCE In this study, we discover the tetraspanin CD81 as a host factor for the globally emerging chikungunya virus and related alphaviruses. We show that CD81 promotes replication of viral genomes in human and mouse cells, while virus entry into cells is independent of CD81. This provides novel insights into how alphaviruses hijack host proteins to complete their life cycle. Alphaviruses replicate at distinct sites of the plasma membrane, which are enriched in cholesterol. We found that the cholesterol-binding ability of CD81 is important for its function as an alphavirus host factor. This discovery thus broadens our understanding of the alphavirus replication process and the use of host factors to reprogram cells into virus replication factories.
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Moonmuang S, Maniratanachote R, Chetprayoon P, Sornsuwan K, Thongkum W, Chupradit K, Tayapiwatana C. Specific Interaction of DARPin with HIV-1 CA NTD Disturbs the Distribution of Gag, RNA Packaging, and Tetraspanin Remodelling in the Membrane. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040824. [PMID: 35458554 PMCID: PMC9025900 DOI: 10.3390/v14040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A designed repeat scaffold protein (AnkGAG1D4) recognizing the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) capsid (CA) was formerly established with antiviral assembly. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of AnkGAG1D4 function during the late stages of the HIV-1 replication cycle. By applying stimulated emission-depletion (STED) microscopy, Gag polymerisation was interrupted at the plasma membrane. Disturbance of Gag polymerisation triggered Gag accumulation inside producer cells and trapping of the CD81 tetraspanin on the plasma membrane. Moreover, reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) experiments were performed to validate the packaging efficiency of RNAs. Our results advocated that AnkGAG1D4 interfered with the Gag precursor protein from selecting HIV-1 and cellular RNAs for encapsidation into viral particles. These findings convey additional information on the antiviral activity of AnkGAG1D4 at late stages of the HIV-1 life cycle, which is potential for an alternative anti-HIV molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutpirat Moonmuang
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
- Department of Medical Technology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Maniratanachote
- Toxicology and Bio Evaluation Service Center (TBES), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (R.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Paninee Chetprayoon
- Toxicology and Bio Evaluation Service Center (TBES), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (R.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Kanokporn Sornsuwan
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Weeraya Thongkum
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
- Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Koollawat Chupradit
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
- Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.M.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (K.C.)
- Department of Medical Technology, Division of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Innovative Immunodiagnostic Development, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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P C S, Shetty SS, Nalilu SK, Shetty PK, Patil P. Tetraspanin CD9: A friend or foe of head and neck cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2022; 47:88. [PMID: 35266009 PMCID: PMC8931833 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are diverse and complex diseases characterised by unregulated growth of tumour cells in various parts of the head and neck region, such as in the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, tongue, oropharynx, hypopharynx, oesophagus, nasopharynx and salivary glands. Partial or total glossectomy, radiation or chemotherapy greatly affect patient quality of life. However, even following treatment, patients may relapse. Nicotine-derived nitrosamines and alcohol are the major etiological factors underlying this deadly disease. These compounds induce DNA damage that may lead to mutation in crucial genes, such as p53 and p21, which are important to regulate cell proliferation, thus leading to cancer. CD9 is a tetraspanin, which are a group of transmembrane proteins that have a role in cell motility and adhesion. The present review aimed to explore the role of CD9 in head and neck cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor activity and cell proliferation are regulated by the CD9-integrin/CD9-transforming growth factor interaction. Hence, CD9 can play a dual role in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhasini P C
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Shilpa S Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Suchetha Kumari Nalilu
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Prakash Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
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McNamara RP, Zhou Y, Eason AB, Landis JT, Chambers MG, Willcox S, Peterson TA, Schouest B, Maness NJ, MacLean AG, Costantini LM, Griffith JD, Dittmer DP. Imaging of surface microdomains on individual extracellular vesicles in 3-D. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12191. [PMID: 35234354 PMCID: PMC8888793 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from all cell types and are intimately involved in tissue homeostasis. They are being explored as vaccine and gene therapy platforms, as well as potential biomarkers. As their size is below the diffraction limit of light microscopy, direct visualizations have been daunting and single-particle studies under physiological conditions have been hampered. Here, direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) was employed to visualize EVs in three-dimensions and to localize molecule clusters such as the tetraspanins CD81 and CD9 on the surface of individual EVs. These studies demonstrate the existence of membrane microdomains on EVs. These were confirmed by Cryo-EM. Individual particle visualization provided insights into the heterogeneity, structure, and complexity of EVs not previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. McNamara
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anthony B. Eason
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Justin T. Landis
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Meredith G. Chambers
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Smaranda Willcox
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tiffany A. Peterson
- Tulane National Primate Research CentreTulane UniversityCovingtonLouisianaUSA
| | - Blake Schouest
- Tulane National Primate Research CentreTulane UniversityCovingtonLouisianaUSA
| | - Nicholas J. Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research CentreTulane UniversityCovingtonLouisianaUSA
| | - Andrew G. MacLean
- Tulane National Primate Research CentreTulane UniversityCovingtonLouisianaUSA
| | - Lindsey M. Costantini
- Department of Biological and Biomedical SciencesNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jack D. Griffith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Dirk Peter Dittmer
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CentreThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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Koo CZ, Matthews AL, Harrison N, Szyroka J, Nieswandt B, Gardiner EE, Poulter NS, Tomlinson MG. The Platelet Collagen Receptor GPVI Is Cleaved by Tspan15/ADAM10 and Tspan33/ADAM10 Molecular Scissors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2440. [PMID: 35269584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet-activating collagen receptor GPVI represents the focus of clinical trials as an antiplatelet target for arterial thrombosis, and soluble GPVI is a plasma biomarker for several human diseases. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) acts as a ‘molecular scissor’ that cleaves the extracellular region from GPVI and many other substrates. ADAM10 interacts with six regulatory tetraspanin membrane proteins, Tspan5, Tspan10, Tspan14, Tspan15, Tspan17 and Tspan33, which are collectively termed the TspanC8s. These are emerging as regulators of ADAM10 substrate specificity. Human platelets express Tspan14, Tspan15 and Tspan33, but which of these regulates GPVI cleavage remains unknown. To address this, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout human cell lines were generated to show that Tspan15 and Tspan33 enact compensatory roles in GPVI cleavage, with Tspan15 bearing the more important role. To investigate this mechanism, a series of Tspan15 and GPVI mutant expression constructs were designed. The Tspan15 extracellular region was found to be critical in promoting GPVI cleavage, and appeared to achieve this by enabling ADAM10 to access the cleavage site at a particular distance above the membrane. These findings bear implications for the regulation of cleavage of other ADAM10 substrates, and provide new insights into post-translational regulation of the clinically relevant GPVI protein.
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Bu J, Zhong W, Li M, He S, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Li Y. CD82 palmitoylation site mutations at Cys5+Cys74 affect EGFR internalization and metabolism through recycling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:400-408. [PMID: 35538033 PMCID: PMC9828285 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin CD82 often participates in regulating the function of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met). Palmitoylation is a post-translational modification that contributes to tetraspanin web formation and affects tetraspanin-dependent cell signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms by which CD82 palmitoylation affects the localization and stability of EGFR and c-Met have not yet been elucidated. This study focuses on the expression and distribution of EGFR and c-Met in breast cancer as well as the related metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms associated with different CD82 palmitoylation site mutations. The results show that CD82 with a palmitoylation mutation at Cys5+Cys74 can promote the internalization of EGFR. EGFR is internalized and strengthened by direct binding to CD82 with the tubulin assistance and located at the recycling endosome. After studying the recycling pathway marker proteins Rab11a and FIP2, we found that formation of the EGFR/CD82/Rab11a/FIP2 complex promotes the internalization and metabolism of EGFR through the recycling pathway and results in the re-expression of EGFR and CD82 on the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Bu
- Department of Clinical Laboratorythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116023China
| | - Weiliang Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116011China,Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic DiseasesLiaoning ProvinceDalian116011China
| | - Meixian Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJiangxi Maternal and Child Health HospitalNanchang330000China.
| | - Shuiqing He
- Department of Clinical Laboratorythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116023China
| | - Mingzhe Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratorythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116023China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratorythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116023China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratorythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian116023China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-17709875388; E-mail:
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Lipper CH, Gabriel KH, Seegar TCM, Dürr KL, Tomlinson MG, Blacklow SC. Crystal structure of the Tspan15 LEL domain reveals a conserved ADAM10 binding site. Structure 2022; 30:206-214.e4. [PMID: 34739841 PMCID: PMC8818019 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanins are four-pass transmembrane proteins that function by regulating trafficking of partner proteins and organizing signaling complexes in the membrane. Tspan15, one of a six-member TspanC8 subfamily, forms a complex that regulates the trafficking, maturation, and substrate selectivity of the transmembrane protease ADAM10, an essential enzyme in mammalian physiology that cleaves a wide variety of membrane-anchored substrates, including Notch receptors, amyloid precursor protein, cadherins, and growth factors. We present here crystal structures of the Tspan15 large extracellular loop (LEL) required for functional association with ADAM10 both in isolation and in complex with the Fab fragment of an anti-Tspan15 antibody. Comparison of the Tspan15 LEL with other tetraspanin LEL structures shows that a core helical framework buttresses a variable region that structurally diverges among LELs. Using co-immunoprecipitation and a cellular N-cadherin cleavage assay, we identify a site on Tspan15 required for both ADAM10 binding and promoting substrate cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin H. Lipper
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khal-Hentz Gabriel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tom C. M. Seegar
- University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Katharina L. Dürr
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G. Tomlinson
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C. Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Lead contact. Correspondence:
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New C, Lee ZY, Tan KS, Wong AHP, Wang DY, Tran T. Tetraspanins: Host Factors in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11609. [PMID: 34769038 PMCID: PMC8583825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are transmembrane glycoproteins that have been shown increasing interest as host factors in infectious diseases. In particular, they were implicated in the pathogenesis of both non-enveloped (human papillomavirus (HPV)) and enveloped (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Zika, influenza A virus, (IAV), and coronavirus) viruses through multiple stages of infection, from the initial cell membrane attachment to the syncytium formation and viral particle release. However, the mechanisms by which different tetraspanins mediate their effects vary. This review aimed to compare and contrast the role of tetraspanins in the life cycles of HPV, HIV, Zika, IAV, and coronavirus viruses, which cause the most significant health and economic burdens to society. In doing so, a better understanding of the relative contribution of tetraspanins in virus infection will allow for a more targeted approach in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChihSheng New
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Zhao-Yong Lee
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Amanda Huee-Ping Wong
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Thai Tran
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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Zerna G, Rathinasamy VA, Toet H, Anderson G, Dempster R, Spithill TW, Beddoe T. Evaluation of Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Fasciola hepatica Tetraspanin 2 (TSP2) Fused to E. coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin B Subunit LTB Adjuvant Following Intranasal Vaccination of Cattle. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1213. [PMID: 34835144 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis, caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, is an economically important and globally distributed zoonotic disease. Liver fluke infections in livestock cause significant losses in production and are of particular concern to regions where drug resistance is emerging. Antigens of the F. hepatica surface tegument represent promising vaccine candidates for controlling this disease. Tetraspanins are integral tegumental antigens that have shown partial protection as vaccine candidates against other trematode species. The Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin's B subunit (LTB) is a potent mucosal adjuvant capable of inducing an immune response to fused antigens. This study investigates the potential of F. hepatica tetraspanin 2 extracellular loop 2 (rFhTSP2) as a protective vaccine antigen and determines if fusion of FhTSP2 to LTB can enhance protection in cattle. Cattle were immunised subcutaneously with rFhTSP2 mixed in the Freund's adjuvant and intranasally with rLTB-FhTSP2 in saline, accounting for equal molar ratios of tetraspanin in both groups. Vaccination with rFhTSP2 stimulated a strong specific serum IgG response, whereas there was no significant serum IgG response following rLTB-FhTSP2 intranasal vaccination. There was no substantial antigen specific serum IgA generated in all groups across the trial. Contrastingly, after the fluke challenge, a rise in antigen specific saliva IgA was observed in both vaccination groups on Day 42, with the rLTB-FhTSP2 vaccination group showing significant mucosal IgA production at Day 84. However, neither vaccine group showed a significant reduction of fluke burden nor faecal egg output. These results suggest that intranasal vaccination with rLTB-FhTSP2 does elicit a humoral mucosal response but further work is needed to evaluate if mucosal delivery of liver fluke antigens fused to LTB is a viable vaccine strategy.
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Fortunato D, Mladenović D, Criscuoli M, Loria F, Veiman KL, Zocco D, Koort K, Zarovni N. Opportunities and Pitfalls of Fluorescent Labeling Methodologies for Extracellular Vesicle Profiling on High-Resolution Single-Particle Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10510. [PMID: 34638850 PMCID: PMC8508895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown exponentially, together with innovative basic research branches that feed medical and bioengineering applications. Such attraction has been fostered by the biological roles of EVs, as they carry biomolecules from any cell type to trigger systemic paracrine signaling or to dispose metabolism products. To fulfill their roles, EVs are transported through circulating biofluids, which can be exploited for the administration of therapeutic nanostructures or collected to intercept relevant EV-contained biomarkers. Despite their potential, EVs are ubiquitous and considerably heterogeneous. Therefore, it is fundamental to profile and identify subpopulations of interest. In this study, we optimized EV-labeling protocols on two different high-resolution single-particle platforms, the NanoFCM NanoAnalyzer (nFCM) and Particle Metrix ZetaView Fluorescence Nanoparticle Tracking Analyzer (F-NTA). In addition to the information obtained by particles' scattered light, purified and non-purified EVs from different cell sources were fluorescently stained with combinations of specific dyes and antibodies to facilitate their identification and characterization. Despite the validity and compatibility of EV-labeling strategies, they should be optimized for each platform. Since EVs can be easily confounded with similar-sized nanoparticles, it is imperative to control instrument settings and the specificity of staining protocols in order to conduct a rigorous and informative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danilo Mladenović
- HansaBioMed Life Sciences Ltd., 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (D.M.); (F.L.); (K.-L.V.)
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | | | - Francesca Loria
- HansaBioMed Life Sciences Ltd., 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (D.M.); (F.L.); (K.-L.V.)
| | - Kadi-Liis Veiman
- HansaBioMed Life Sciences Ltd., 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (D.M.); (F.L.); (K.-L.V.)
| | - Davide Zocco
- Exosomics SpA, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.F.); (M.C.); (D.Z.)
- Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Development, Lonza Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kairi Koort
- School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Natasa Zarovni
- Exosomics SpA, 53100 Siena, Italy; (D.F.); (M.C.); (D.Z.)
- HansaBioMed Life Sciences Ltd., 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; (D.M.); (F.L.); (K.-L.V.)
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Andrijes R, Hejmadi RK, Pugh M, Rajesh S, Novitskaya V, Ibrahim M, Overduin M, Tselepis C, Middleton GW, Győrffy B, Beggs AD, Berditchevski F. Tetraspanin 6 is a regulator of carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2011411118. [PMID: 34521767 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011411118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin protein (Tspan6) is a member of the tetraspanin family. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrate that Tspan6 functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC) by attenuating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–based signaling axis. Tspan6 forms a tripartite complex with transmembrane form of TGF-α and an adaptor protein syntenin-1 and negatively regulates secretion of TGF-α. The expression of Tspan6 is frequently decreased in CRC, and this correlates with poor survival. Importantly, the expression of Tspan6 in CRC correlated independently of tumor molecular profile with better patient responses to Cetuximab, an EGFR-targeted therapy. These results identify Tspan6 as a regulator of CRC development and a potential predictive biomarker for EGFR-targeted therapies. Early stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) development are characterized by a complex rewiring of transcriptional networks resulting in changes in the expression of multiple genes. Here, we demonstrate that the deletion of a poorly studied tetraspanin protein Tspan6 in Apcmin/+ mice, a well-established model for premalignant CRC, resulted in increased incidence of adenoma formation and tumor size. We demonstrate that the effect of Tspan6 deletion results in the activation of EGF-dependent signaling pathways through increased production of the transmembrane form of TGF-α (tmTGF-α) associated with extracellular vesicles. This pathway is modulated by an adaptor protein syntenin-1, which physically links Tspan6 and tmTGF-α. In support of this, the expression of Tspan6 is frequently decreased or lost in CRC, and this correlates with poor survival. Furthermore, the analysis of samples from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–targeting clinical trial (COIN trial) has shown that the expression of Tspan6 in CRC correlated with better patient responses to EGFR-targeted therapy involving Cetuximab. Importantly, Tspan6-positive patients with tumors in the proximal colon (right-sided) and those with KRAS mutations had a better response to Cetuximab than the patients that expressed low Tspan6 levels. These results identify Tspan6 as a regulator of CRC development and a potential predictive marker for EGFR-targeted therapies in CRC beyond RAS pathway mutations.
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide; and its subtype, HCC, accounts for nearly 80% of cases. HCC progresses rapidly, and to date, there is no efficacious treatment for advanced HCC. Tetraspanins belong to a protein family characterized by four transmembrane domains. Thirty-three known tetraspanins are widely expressed on the surface of most nucleated cells and play important roles in different biological processes. In our review, we summarize the functions of tetraspanins and their underlying mechanism in the life cycle of HCC, from its initiation, progression, and finally to treatment. CD9, TSPAN15, and TSPAN31 can promote HCC cell proliferation or suppress apoptosis. CD63, CD151, and TSPAN8 can also facilitate HCC metastasis, while CD82 serves as a suppressor of metastasis. TSPAN1, TSPAN8, and CD151 act as prognosis indicators and are inversely correlated to the overall survival rate of HCC patients. In addition, we discuss the potential of role of the tetraspanin family proteins as novel therapeutic targets and as an approach to overcome drug resistance, and also provide suggestions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiming Peng
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ma X, Verweij EWE, Siderius M, Leurs R, Vischer HF. Identification of TSPAN4 as Novel Histamine H 4 Receptor Interactor. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1127. [PMID: 34439793 PMCID: PMC8394291 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is predominantly expressed on immune cells and considered to be an important drug target for various inflammatory disorders. Like most GPCRs, the H4R activates G proteins and recruits β-arrestins upon phosphorylation by GPCR kinases to induce cellular signaling in response to agonist stimulation. However, in the last decade, novel GPCR-interacting proteins have been identified that may regulate GPCR functioning. In this study, a split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid assay was used to identify H4R interactors in a Jurkat T cell line cDNA library. Forty-three novel H4R interactors were identified, of which 17 have also been previously observed in MYTH screens to interact with other GPCR subtypes. The interaction of H4R with the tetraspanin TSPAN4 was confirmed in transfected cells using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and co-immunoprecipitation. Histamine stimulation reduced the interaction between H4R and TSPAN4, but TSPAN4 did not affect H4R-mediated G protein signaling. Nonetheless, the identification of novel GPCR interactors by MYTH is a starting point to further investigate the regulation of GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Henry F. Vischer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (X.M.); (E.W.E.V.); (M.S.); (R.L.)
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46
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Phumrattanaprapin W, Pearson M, Pickering D, Tedla B, Smout M, Chaiyadet S, Brindley PJ, Loukas A, Laha T. Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting an Opisthorchis viverrini Extracellular Vesicle Tetraspanin Protect Hamsters against Challenge Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070740. [PMID: 34358156 PMCID: PMC8310160 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini causes severe pathology in the bile ducts of infected human hosts, and chronic infection can culminate in bile duct cancer. The prevention of infection by vaccination would decrease opisthorchiasis-induced morbidity and mortality. The tetraspanin protein, Ov-TSP-2, is located on the membrane of secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), and is a candidate antigen for inclusion in a subunit vaccine. To address the role of anti-Ov-TSP-2 antibodies in protection, we assessed the protective capacity of anti-Ov-TSP-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against opisthorchiasis. Two anti-TSP-2 IgM mAbs, 1D6 and 3F5, and an isotype control were passively transferred to hamsters, followed by parasite challenge one day later. Hamsters that received 3F5 had 74.5% fewer adult flukes and 67.4% fewer eggs per gram of feces compared to hamsters that received the control IgM. Both 1D6 and 3F5 (but not the control IgM) blocked the uptake of fluke EVs by human bile duct epithelial cells in vitro. This is the first report of passive immunization against human liver fluke infection, and the findings portend the feasibility of antibody-directed therapies for liver fluke infection, bolstering the selection of TSPs as components of a subunit vaccine for opisthorchiasis and fluke infections generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuttipong Phumrattanaprapin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Applied Zoology, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Mark Pearson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (M.P.); (D.P.); (B.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Darren Pickering
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (M.P.); (D.P.); (B.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Bemnet Tedla
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (M.P.); (D.P.); (B.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Smout
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (M.P.); (D.P.); (B.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Sujittra Chaiyadet
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Paul J. Brindley
- Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; (M.P.); (D.P.); (B.T.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (T.L.)
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Harrison N, Koo CZ, Tomlinson MG. Regulation of ADAM10 by the TspanC8 Family of Tetraspanins and Their Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136707. [PMID: 34201472 PMCID: PMC8268256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) functions as a “molecular scissor”, by cleaving the extracellular regions from its membrane protein substrates in a process termed ectodomain shedding. ADAM10 is known to have over 100 substrates including Notch, amyloid precursor protein, cadherins, and growth factors, and is important in health and implicated in diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer’s. The tetraspanins are a superfamily of membrane proteins that interact with specific partner proteins to regulate their intracellular trafficking, lateral mobility, and clustering at the cell surface. We and others have shown that ADAM10 interacts with a subgroup of six tetraspanins, termed the TspanC8 subgroup, which are closely related by protein sequence and comprise Tspan5, Tspan10, Tspan14, Tspan15, Tspan17, and Tspan33. Recent evidence suggests that different TspanC8/ADAM10 complexes have distinct substrates and that ADAM10 should not be regarded as a single scissor, but as six different TspanC8/ADAM10 scissor complexes. This review discusses the published evidence for this “six scissor” hypothesis and the therapeutic potential this offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neale Harrison
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.H.); (C.Z.K.)
| | - Chek Ziu Koo
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.H.); (C.Z.K.)
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Michael G. Tomlinson
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.H.); (C.Z.K.)
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)121-414-2507
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Pederson PJ, Liang H, Filonov D, Mooberry SL. Eribulin and Paclitaxel Differentially Alter Extracellular Vesicles and Their Cargo from Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2783. [PMID: 34205051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles play a central role in intercellular communication and contribute to cancer progression, including the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) including eribulin and paclitaxel continue to provide significant value in cancer therapy and their abilities to inhibit oncogenic signaling pathways, including eribulin's capacity to reverse EMT are being revealed. Because microtubules are involved in the intracellular trafficking required for the formation and cargo loading of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), we investigated whether MTA-mediated disruption of microtubule-dependent transport would impact sEV release and their cargo. Eribulin and paclitaxel caused an intracellular accumulation of CD63, a tetraspanin component of sEVs, in late/multivesicular endosomes of triple-negative breast cancer cells, consistent with the disruption of endosomal sorting and exosome cargo loading in these cells. While the concentrations of sEVs released from MTA-treated cells were not significantly altered, levels of CD63 and the CD63-associated cargos, ILK and β-integrin, were reduced in sEVs isolated from eribulin-treated HCC1937 cells as compared to vehicle or paclitaxel-treated cells. These results show that eribulin can reduce specific sEV cargos, including ILK, a major transducer of EMT in the tumor microenvironment, which may contribute to eribulin's ability to reverse EMT to promote anticancer efficacy.
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49
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Guo C, Fordjour FK, Tsai SJ, Morrell JC, Gould SJ. Choice of selectable marker affects recombinant protein expression in cells and exosomes. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100838. [PMID: 34051235 PMCID: PMC8258971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mammalian cells are used for numerous research, pharmaceutical, industrial, and clinical purposes, and dominant selectable markers are often used to enable the selection of transgenic cell lines. Using HEK293 cells, we show here that the choice of selectable marker gene has a significant impact on both the level of recombinant protein expression and the cell-to-cell variability in recombinant protein expression. Specifically, we observed that cell lines generated with the NeoR or BsdR selectable markers and selected in the antibiotics G418 or blasticidin, respectively, displayed the lowest level of recombinant protein expression as well as the greatest cell-to-cell variability in transgene expression. In contrast, cell lines generated with the BleoR marker and selected in zeocin yielded cell lines that expressed the highest levels of linked recombinant protein, approximately 10-fold higher than those selected using the NeoR or BsdR markers, as well as the lowest cell-to-cell variability in recombinant protein expression. Intermediate yet still-high levels of expression were observed in cells generated with the PuroR- or HygR-based vectors and that were selected in puromycin or hygromycin, respectively. Similar results were observed in the African green monkey cell line COS7. These data indicate that each combination of selectable marker and antibiotic establishes a threshold below which no cell can survive and that these thresholds vary significantly between different selectable markers. Moreover, we show that choice of selectable marker also affects recombinant protein expression in cell-derived exosomes, consistent with the hypothesis that exosome protein budding is a stochastic rather than determinative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Francis K Fordjour
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Shang Jui Tsai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - James C Morrell
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA.
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50
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Blijdorp CJ, Tutakhel OAZ, Hartjes TA, van den Bosch TPP, van Heugten MH, Rigalli JP, Willemsen R, Musterd-Bhaggoe UM, Barros ER, Carles-Fontana R, Carvajal CA, Arntz OJ, van de Loo FAJ, Jenster G, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Cuevas CA, Severs D, Fenton RA, van Royen ME, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM, Hoorn EJ. Comparing Approaches to Normalize, Quantify, and Characterize Urinary Extracellular Vesicles. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1210-1226. [PMID: 33782168 PMCID: PMC8259679 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a promising source for biomarker discovery, but optimal approaches for normalization, quantification, and characterization in spot urines are unclear. METHODS Urine samples were analyzed in a water-loading study, from healthy subjects and patients with kidney disease. Urine particles were quantified in whole urine using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TR-FIA), and EVQuant, a novel method quantifying particles via gel immobilization. RESULTS Urine particle and creatinine concentrations were highly correlated in the water-loading study (R2 0.96) and in random spot urines from healthy subjects (R2 0.47-0.95) and patients (R2 0.41-0.81). Water loading reduced aquaporin-2 but increased Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and particle detection by NTA. This finding was attributed to hypotonicity increasing uEV size (more EVs reach the NTA size detection limit) and reducing THP polymerization. Adding THP to urine also significantly increased particle count by NTA. In both fluorescence NTA and EVQuant, adding 0.01% SDS maintained uEV integrity and increased aquaporin-2 detection. Comparison of intracellular- and extracellular-epitope antibodies suggested the presence of reverse topology uEVs. The exosome markers CD9 and CD63 colocalized and immunoprecipitated selectively with distal nephron markers. Conclusions uEV concentration is highly correlated with urine creatinine, potentially replacing the need for uEV quantification to normalize spot urines. Additional findings relevant for future uEV studies in whole urine include the interference of THP with NTA, excretion of larger uEVs in dilute urine, the ability to use detergent to increase intracellular-epitope recognition in uEVs, and CD9 or CD63 capture of nephron segment-specific EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Blijdorp
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Omar A. Z. Tutakhel
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A. Hartjes
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thierry P. P. van den Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H. van Heugten
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Usha M. Musterd-Bhaggoe
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric R. Barros
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roger Carles-Fontana
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Institute of Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristian A. Carvajal
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Onno J. Arntz
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fons A. J. van de Loo
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cathy A. Cuevas
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Severs
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A. Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin E. van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G. J. Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René J. M. Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J. Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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