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Zhang X, An M, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Nano-medicine therapy reprogramming metabolic network of tumour microenvironment: new opportunity for cancer therapies. J Drug Target 2024; 32:241-257. [PMID: 38251656 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2309565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic heterogeneity is one of the characteristics of tumour cells. In order to adapt to the tumour microenvironment of hypoxia, acidity and nutritional deficiency, tumour cells have undergone extensive metabolic reprogramming. Metabolites involved in tumour cell metabolism are also very different from normal cells, such as a large number of lactate and adenosine. Metabolites play an important role in regulating the whole tumour microenvironment. Taking metabolites as the target, it aims to change the metabolic pattern of tumour cells again, destroy the energy balance it maintains, activate the immune system, and finally kill tumour cells. In this paper, the regulatory effects of metabolites such as lactate, glutamine, arginine, tryptophan, fatty acids and adenosine were reviewed, and the related targeting strategies of nano-medicines were summarised, and the future therapeutic strategies of nano-drugs were discussed. The abnormality of tumour metabolites caused by tumour metabolic remodelling not only changes the energy and material supply of tumour, but also participates in the regulation of tumour-related signal pathways, which plays an important role in the survival, proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumour cells. Regulating the availability of local metabolites is a new aspect that affects tumour progress. (The graphical abstract is by Figdraw).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Min An
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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2
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He T, Yuan Z, Chen Q, Luo J, Mao J, Tang Z, Zhao X, Yang Z. Circular RNAs Mediate the Effects of Dietary Tryptophan on the Transformation of Muscle Fiber Types in Weaned Piglets. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:8595-8605. [PMID: 38591744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The nutritional composition of the diet significantly impacts the overall growth and development of weaned piglets. The current study aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of dietary tryptophan consumption on muscle fiber type transformation during the weaning period. Thirty weaned piglets with an average body weight of 6.12 ± 0.16 kg were randomly divided into control (CON, 0.14% Trp diet) and high Trp (HT, 0.35% Trp) groups and maintained on the respective diet for 28 days. The HT group of weaned piglets exhibited highly significant improvements in growth performance and an increased proportion of fast muscle fibers. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the potential contribution of differentially expressed circular RNAs toward the transformation of myofiber types in piglets and toward the regulation of expression of related genes by targeting the microRNAs, miR-34c and miR-182, to further regulate myofiber transformation. In addition, 145 DE circRNAs were identified as potentially protein-encoding, with the encoded proteins associated with a myofiber type transformation. In conclusion, the current study greatly advances and refines our current understanding of the regulatory networks associated with piglet muscle development and myofiber type transformation and also contributes to the optimization of piglet diet formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle He
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhidong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qingyun Chen
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ju Luo
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiani Mao
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenguo Yang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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3
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Han X, Gao Y, Zhou B, Hameed HMA, Fang C, Ju Y, He J, Fang X, Liu Z, Yu W, Xiong X, Zhong N, Zhang T. Indole Propionic Acid Disturbs the Normal Function of Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1201-1211. [PMID: 38457660 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the second-most contagious killer after COVID-19. The emergence of drug-resistant TB has caused a great need to identify and develop new anti-TB drugs with novel targets. Indole propionic acid (IPA), a structural analog of tryptophan (Trp), is active against M. tuberculosis in vitro and in vivo. It has been verified that IPA exerts its antimicrobial effect by mimicking Trp as an allosteric inhibitor of TrpE, which is the first enzyme in the Trp synthesis pathway of M. tuberculosis. However, other Trp structural analogs, such as indolmycin, also target tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS), which has two functions in bacteria: synthesis of tryptophanyl-AMP by catalyzing ATP + Trp and producing Trp-tRNATrp by transferring Trp to tRNATrp. So, we speculate that IPA may also target TrpRS. In this study, we found that IPA can dock into the Trp binding pocket of M. tuberculosis TrpRS (TrpRSMtb), which was further confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assay. The biochemical analysis proved that TrpRS can catalyze the reaction between IPA and ATP to generate pyrophosphate (PPi) without Trp as a substrate. Overexpression of wild-type trpS in M. tuberculosis increased the MIC of IPA to 32-fold, and knock-down trpS in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis made it more sensitive to IPA. The supplementation of Trp in the medium abrogated the inhibition of M. tuberculosis by IPA. We demonstrated that IPA can interfere with the function of TrpRS by mimicking Trp, thereby impeding protein synthesis and exerting its anti-TB effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yamin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - H M Adnan Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cuiting Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiange Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
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Fairley JK, Ferreira JA, Fraga LAO, Lyon S, Valadão Cardoso TM, Boson VC, Madureira Nunes AC, Medeiros Cinha EH, de Oliveira LBP, Magueta Silva EB, Marçal PHF, Branco AC, Grossi MAF, Jones DP, Ziegler TR, Collins JM. High-Resolution Plasma Metabolomics Identifies Alterations in Fatty Acid, Energy, and Micronutrient Metabolism in Adults Across the Leprosy Spectrum. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1189-1199. [PMID: 37740551 PMCID: PMC11011203 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-resolution metabolomics (HRM) is an innovative tool to study challenging infectious diseases like leprosy, where the pathogen cannot be grown with standard methods. Here, we use HRM to better understand associations between disease manifestations, nutrition, and host metabolism. METHODS From 2018 to 2019, adults with leprosy and controls were recruited in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Plasma metabolites were detected using an established HRM workflow and characterized by accurate mass, mass to charge ratio m/z and retention time. The mummichog informatics package compared metabolic pathways between cases and controls and between multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB) leprosy. Additionally, select individual metabolites were quantified and compared. RESULTS Thirty-nine cases (62% MB and 38% PB) and 25 controls were enrolled. We found differences (P < .05) in several metabolic pathways, including fatty acid metabolism, carnitine shuttle, retinol, vitamin D3, and C-21 steroid metabolism, between cases and controls with lower retinol and associated metabolites in cases. Between MB and PB, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, tryptophan, and cortisol were all found to be lower in MB (P < .05). DISCUSSION Metabolites associated with several nutrient-related metabolic pathways appeared differentially regulated in leprosy, especially MB versus PB. This pilot study demonstrates the metabolic interdependency of these pathways, which may play a role in the pathophysiology of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Fairley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - José A Ferreira
- Faculdade da Saúde e Écologia Humana, FASEH, Vespasiano, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucia A O Fraga
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandra Lyon
- Faculdade da Saúde e Écologia Humana, FASEH, Vespasiano, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Campos Boson
- Faculdade da Saúde e Écologia Humana, FASEH, Vespasiano, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa H Medeiros Cinha
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lorena B P de Oliveira
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erica B Magueta Silva
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro H F Marçal
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Branco
- Centro de Referência em Doenças Endêmicas e Programs Especiais, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Collins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Ahrens AP, Hyötyläinen T, Petrone JR, Igelström K, George CD, Garrett TJ, Orešič M, Triplett EW, Ludvigsson J. Infant microbes and metabolites point to childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Cell 2024; 187:1853-1873.e15. [PMID: 38574728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study has followed a birth cohort for over 20 years to find factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorder (ND) diagnosis. Detailed, early-life longitudinal questionnaires captured infection and antibiotic events, stress, prenatal factors, family history, and more. Biomarkers including cord serum metabolome and lipidome, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype, infant microbiota, and stool metabolome were assessed. Among the 16,440 Swedish children followed across time, 1,197 developed an ND. Significant associations emerged for future ND diagnosis in general and for specific ND subtypes, spanning intellectual disability, speech disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism. This investigation revealed microbiome connections to future diagnosis as well as early emerging mood and gastrointestinal problems. The findings suggest links to immunodysregulation and metabolism, compounded by stress, early-life infection, and antibiotics. The convergence of infant biomarkers and risk factors in this prospective, longitudinal study on a large-scale population establishes a foundation for early-life prediction and intervention in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica P Ahrens
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 702 81, Sweden
| | - Joseph R Petrone
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Kajsa Igelström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Christian D George
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro 702 81, Sweden; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Eric W Triplett
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
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Rueda GH, Causada-Calo N, Borojevic R, Nardelli A, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Constante M, Libertucci J, Mohan V, Langella P, Loonen LMP, Wells JM, Sokol H, Verdu EF, Bercik P. Oral tryptophan activates duodenal aryl hydrocarbon receptor in healthy subjects: a crossover randomized controlled trial. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38591144 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00306.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims: Tryptophan is an essential amino acid transformed by host and gut microbial enzymes into metabolites that regulate mucosal homeostasis through Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation. Alteration of tryptophan metabolism has been associated with chronic inflammation, however whether tryptophan supplementation affects the metabolite repertoire and AhR activation under physiologic conditions in humans, is unknown. Methods: We performed a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 20 healthy volunteers. Subjects on a low tryptophan background diet were randomly assigned to a 3-week L-tryptophan supplementation (3 g/day) or placebo, and after a 2-week washout switched to opposite interventions. We assessed gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms by validated questionnaires, AhR activation by cell reporter assay, tryptophan metabolites by liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, cytokine production in isolated monocytes by ELISA and microbiota profile by 16S rRNA Illumina technique. Results: Oral tryptophan supplementation was well tolerated, with no changes in gastrointestinal or psychological scores. Compared with placebo, tryptophan increased AhR activation capacity by duodenal contents, but not by feces. This was paralleled by higher urinary and plasma kynurenine metabolites and indoles. Tryptophan had a modest impact on fecal microbiome profiles, and no significant effect on cytokine production. Conclusions: At the doses used in this study, oral tryptophan supplementation in humans induces microbial indole and host kynurenine metabolic pathways in the small intestine, known to be immunomodulatory. The results should prompt tryptophan intervention strategies in inflammatory conditions of the small intestine where the AhR pathway is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston H Rueda
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rajka Borojevic
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Nardelli
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Marco Constante
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josie Libertucci
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Linda M P Loonen
- Medicine, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Harry Sokol
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Zhu H, Yang X, Zhao Y. Recent Advances in Current Uptake Situation, Metabolic and Nutritional Characteristics, Health, and Safety of Dietary Tryptophan. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:6787-6802. [PMID: 38512048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid which is unable to be synthesized in the body. Main sources of Trp are uptake of foods such as oats and bananas. In this review, we describe the status of current dietary consumption, metabolic pathways and nutritional characteristics of Trp, as well as its ingestion and downstream metabolites for maintaining body health and safety. This review also summarizes the recent advances in Trp metabolism, particularly the 5-HT, KYN, and AhR activation pathways, revealing that its endogenous host metabolites are not only differentially affected in the body but also are closely linked to health. More attention should be paid to targeting its specific metabolic pathways and utilizing food molecules and probiotics for manipulating Trp metabolism. However, the complexity of microbiota-host interactions requires further exploration to precisely refine targets for innovating the gut microbiota-targeted diagnostic approaches and informing subsequent studies and targeted treatments of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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8
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Suntornsaratoon P, Ferraris RP, Ambat J, Antonio JM, Flores J, Jones A, Su X, Gao N, Li WV. Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Correlative Analyses in Germ-Free Mice Link Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG-Associated Metabolites to Host Intestinal Fatty Acid Metabolism and β-Oxidation. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100330. [PMID: 38242234 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota confers susceptibility to diet-induced obesity, yet many probiotic species that synthesize tryptophan (trp) actually attenuate this effect, although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We monocolonized germ-free mice with a widely consumed probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) under trp-free or -sufficient dietary conditions. We obtained untargeted metabolomics from the mouse feces and serum using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and obtained intestinal transcriptomic profiles via bulk-RNA sequencing. When comparing LGG-monocolonized mice with germ-free mice, we found a synergy between LGG and dietary trp in markedly promoting the transcriptome of fatty acid metabolism and β-oxidation. Upregulation was specific and was not observed in transcriptomes of trp-fed conventional mice and mice monocolonized with Ruminococcus gnavus. Metabolomics showed that fecal and serum metabolites were also modified by LGG-host-trp interaction. We developed an R-Script-based MEtabolome-TRanscriptome Correlation Analysis algorithm and uncovered LGG- and trp-dependent metabolites that were positively or negatively correlated with fatty acid metabolism and β-oxidation gene networks. This high-throughput metabolome-transcriptome correlation strategy can be used in similar investigations to reveal potential interactions between specific metabolites and functional or disease-related transcriptomic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panan Suntornsaratoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Physiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ronaldo P Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey.
| | - Jayanth Ambat
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Jayson M Antonio
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science Center, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Abigail Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science Center, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Wei Vivian Li
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, California.
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9
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Ma D, Zhang S, Zhang M, Feng J. Dietary tryptophan alleviates intestinal inflammation caused by long photoperiod via gut microbiota derived tryptophan metabolites-NLRP3 pathway in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103509. [PMID: 38387289 PMCID: PMC10900804 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Light pollution is a potential risk factor for intestinal health. Tryptophan plays an important role in the inhibition of intestinal inflammation. However, the mechanism of tryptophan in alleviating intestinal inflammation caused by long photoperiod is still unclear. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of dietary tryptophan on intestinal inflammatory damage induced by long photoperiod and its potential mechanism in broiler chickens. We found that dietary tryptophan mitigated long photoperiod-induced intestinal tissue inflammatory damage and inhibited the activation of Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain, Leucine-Rich Repeat and Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 inflammasome. Moreover, dietary tryptophan significantly increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Enterococcus, and Lachnospiraceae_NC2004_group were significantly decreased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_torques_group and norank_f_UCG-010 under the condition of long photoperiod (P < 0.05). The results of tryptophan targeted metabolomics show that tryptophan significantly increased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3 lactic acid (ILA), and significantly decreased xanthurenic acid (XA) under long photoperiod (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicated that dietary tryptophan alleviates intestinal inflammatory damage caused by long photoperiod via the inhibition of Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain, Leucine-Rich Repeat and Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 inflammasome activation, which was mediated by tryptophan metabolites. Therefore, tryptophan supplementation could be a promising way to protect the intestine health under the condition of long photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaoshuai Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jinghai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Gabrawy MM, Westbrook R, King A, Khosravian N, Ochaney N, DeCarvalho T, Wang Q, Yu Y, Huang Q, Said A, Abadir M, Zhang C, Khare P, Fairman JE, Le A, Milne GL, Vonhoff FJ, Walston JD, Abadir PM. Dual treatment with kynurenine pathway inhibitors and NAD + precursors synergistically extends life span in Drosophila. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14102. [PMID: 38481042 PMCID: PMC11019140 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism is highly conserved and generates important bioactive metabolites, including kynurenines, and in some animals, NAD+. Aging and inflammation are associated with increased levels of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites and depleted NAD+, factors which are implicated as contributors to frailty and morbidity. Contrastingly, KP suppression and NAD+ supplementation are associated with increased life span in some animals. Here, we used DGRP_229 Drosophila to elucidate the effects of KP elevation, KP suppression, and NAD+ supplementation on physical performance and survivorship. Flies were chronically fed kynurenines, KP inhibitors, NAD+ precursors, or a combination of KP inhibitors with NAD+ precursors. Flies with elevated kynurenines had reduced climbing speed, endurance, and life span. Treatment with a combination of KP inhibitors and NAD+ precursors preserved physical function and synergistically increased maximum life span. We conclude that KP flux can regulate health span and life span in Drosophila and that targeting KP and NAD+ metabolism can synergistically increase life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann M. Gabrawy
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Reyhan Westbrook
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Austin King
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nick Khosravian
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Neeraj Ochaney
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Tagide DeCarvalho
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yuqiong Yu
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Qiao Huang
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Adam Said
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Michael Abadir
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- University of Maryland, College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | | | | | - Jennifer E. Fairman
- Department of Arts as Applied to MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Anne Le
- Gigantest Inc.BaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Vanderbilt UniversityVanderbilt Brain Institute, Neurochemistry CoreNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Fernando J. Vonhoff
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jeremy D. Walston
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Peter M. Abadir
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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11
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Turska-Kozłowska M, Pedraz-Petrozzi B, Paluszkiewicz P, Parada-Turska J. Different Kynurenine Pathway Dysregulation in Systemic Sclerosis in Men and Women. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3842. [PMID: 38612652 PMCID: PMC11011858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc), a predominantly female-affected systemic autoimmune disease, requires tailored treatment strategies contingent on organ involvement and symptom severity. Given SSc's inflammatory nature, the involvement of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in its pathophysiology is underexplored. Our study aimed to investigate sex-related differences in KP activation among SSc patients and assess the impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on KP metabolite concentrations. We enrolled 48 SSc patients and 53 healthy controls, quantifying KP metabolites (tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), and kynurenic acid (KYNA)) in serum via high-performance liquid chromatography. Separate multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) for women and men were performed to ascertain mean differences between patients and healthy controls while correcting for age. For our secondary objective, we conducted a MANCOVA to explore disparities in ACE inhibitor users and non-users among patients, with BMI correction. Our findings revealed decreased TRP concentrations but increased KYNA/TRP ratio and KYN/TRP ratio in both male and female SSc patients compared to their respective controls. Unlike women, SSc males exhibited higher KYN concentrations and decreased KYNA/KYN ratio relative to their controls. Additionally, SSc patients using ACE inhibitors had higher serum KYNA levels than non-users. Notably, we established a significant correlation between eGFR and KYNA in SSc patients. These results indicate differential KP activation in male and female SSc patients, with males demonstrating heightened KP activation. While ACE inhibitors may influence the KP in SSc patients, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand their impact on symptoms and prognosis in the context of these KP alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Turska-Kozłowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Piotr Paluszkiewicz
- Department of General, Oncological and Metabolic Surgery, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indiry Gandhi 14, 02-778 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Parada-Turska
- Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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12
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Ramos D, Yazbek KVB, Brito AC, Georgetti B, Dutra LML, Leme FOP, Vasconcellos AS. Is It Possible to Mitigate Fear of Fireworks in Dogs? A Study on the Behavioural and Physiological Effects of a Psychoactive Supplement. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1025. [PMID: 38612264 PMCID: PMC11010855 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine fear of fireworks is a common problem worldwide, with serious implications for the welfare of both dogs and their owners. Therapies for the problem are available, and herbal and nutraceutical agents are increasingly suggested by professionals; nonetheless, studies on their real efficacy in reducing firework fear are lacking. In a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, 44 dogs (25 in the "supplement" group and 19 in the "placebo" group) completed a long-term continuous treatment with either a supplement made of tryptophan, valerian, and passiflora or a placebo, including two real exposures to fireworks (on 2020 Christmas and 2021 New Years' Eve, after 42 and 48 days of treatment, respectively). Owners of both groups received the same general environmental management and food/toy offering recommendations for trying with their dogs on those nights. Behavioural (measured by LSSS-Lincoln Sound Sensitivity Scale and PANAS-Positive and Negative Activation scale, as rated by the owners) and stress (measured via salivary cortisol measures) reactions were evaluated. Significantly greater fear decrease (LSSS) was recorded in the "supplement" dogs, as compared to the "placebo" group. Cortisol dosages on New Year's Eve ("noisy" night) were in line with behavioural results; "supplement" dogs showed a smaller increase in the stress response from 22:30 to 00:30 h on New Year's Eve and a greater decrease in their stress response from 02:30 h to 10:30 h on New Year's Day compared to "placebo" dogs. Smaller cortisol levels were also shown by "supplement" dogs than "placebo" dogs on a controlled "quiet night" (27th December). Owners' rates on PANAS remained stable during the whole period of therapy for both groups. The evaluated supplement, a combination of tryptophan, valerian, and passiflora, showed satisfactory results and rare side effects when treating dogs fearful of fireworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ramos
- Psicovet–Medicina Veterinária Comportamental, Jundiaí 13202-242, Brazil;
| | - Karina V. B. Yazbek
- Biolab Sanus Farmacêutica Ltda, São Paulo 04545-042, Brazil; (K.V.B.Y.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Amanda C. Brito
- Biolab Sanus Farmacêutica Ltda, São Paulo 04545-042, Brazil; (K.V.B.Y.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Barbara Georgetti
- Psicovet–Medicina Veterinária Comportamental, Jundiaí 13202-242, Brazil;
| | - Luisa M. L. Dutra
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30535-901, Brazil; (L.M.L.D.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Fabiola O. P. Leme
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Angélica S. Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30535-901, Brazil; (L.M.L.D.); (A.S.V.)
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13
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Herraiz T, Salgado A. Formation, Identification, and Occurrence of the Furan-Containing β-Carboline Flazin Derived from l- Tryptophan and Carbohydrates. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:6575-6584. [PMID: 38470992 PMCID: PMC10979450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
β-Carbolines (βCs) are bioactive indole alkaloids found in foods and in vivo. This work describes the identification, formation, and occurrence in foods of the βC with a furan moiety flazin (1-[5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl]-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid). Flazin was formed by the reaction of l-tryptophan with 3-deoxyglucosone but not with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Its formation was favored in acidic conditions and heating (70-110 °C). The proposed mechanism of formation occurs through the formation of intermediates 3,4-dihydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (imines), followed by the oxidation to C═O in the carbohydrate chain and aromatization to βC ring with subsequent dehydration steps and cyclization to afford the furan moiety. Flazin is generated in the reactions of tryptophan with carbohydrates. Its formation from fructose was higher than from glucose, whereas sucrose gave flazin under acidic conditions and heating owing to hydrolysis. Flazin was identified in foods by HPLC-MS, and its content was determined by HPLC-fluorescence. It occurred in numerous processed foods, such as tomato products, including crushed tomato puree, fried tomato, ketchup, tomato juices, and jams, but also in soy sauce, beer, balsamic vinegar, fruit juices, dried fruits, fried onions, and honey. Their concentrations ranged from not detected to 22.3 μg/mL, with the highest mean levels found in tomato concentrate (13.9 μg/g) and soy sauce (9.4 μg/mL). Flazin was formed during the heating process, as shown in fresh tomato juice and crushed tomatoes. These results indicate that flazin is widely present in foods and is daily uptaken in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Herraiz
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 6, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Antonio Salgado
- Centro
de Espectroscopía de RMN (CERMN), Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Campus Universitario Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona km
33.6, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain
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14
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Kushibiki H, Mizukami H, Osonoi S, Takeuchi Y, Sasaki T, Ogasawara S, Wada K, Midorikawa S, Ryuzaki M, Wang Z, Yamada T, Yamazaki K, Tarusawa T, Tanba T, Mikami T, Matsubara A, Ishibashi Y, Hakamada K, Nakaji S. Tryptophan metabolism and small fibre neuropathy: a correlation study. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae103. [PMID: 38618209 PMCID: PMC11010654 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Small nerve fibres located in the epidermis sense pain. Dysfunction of these fibres decreases the pain threshold known as small fibre neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by metabolic changes other than glucose, synergistically eliciting small fibre neuropathy. These findings suggest that various metabolic changes may be involved in small fibre neuropathy. Herein, we explored the correlation between pain sensation and changes in plasma metabolites in healthy Japanese subjects. The pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation was used to quantify pain sensation in a total of 1021 individuals in the 2017 Iwaki Health Promotion Project. Participants with a pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index <0.20 mA were categorized into the pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index-low group (n = 751); otherwise, they were categorized into the pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index-high group (n = 270). Metabolome analysis of plasma was conducted using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The metabolite set enrichment analysis revealed that the metabolism of tryptophan was significantly correlated with the pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index in all participants (P < 0.05). The normalized level of tryptophan was significantly decreased in participants with a high pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index. In addition to univariate linear regression analyses, the correlation between tryptophan concentration and the pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index remained significant after adjustment for multiple factors (β = -0.07615, P < 0.05). These findings indicate that specific metabolic changes are involved in the deterioration of pain thresholds. Here, we show that abnormal tryptophan metabolism is significantly correlated with an elevated pain threshold evaluated from the intraepidermal electrical stimulation index in the Japanese population. This correlation provides insight into the pathology and clinical application of small fibre neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Kushibiki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Sho Osonoi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takanori Sasaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Saori Ogasawara
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kanichiro Wada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shin Midorikawa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masaki Ryuzaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Zhenchao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takefusa Tarusawa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Taiyo Tanba
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsubara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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15
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Schroeder L, Diepold N, Gäfe S, Niemann HH, Kottke T. Coupling and regulation mechanisms of the flavin-dependent halogenase PyrH observed by infrared difference spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107210. [PMID: 38519030 PMCID: PMC11021962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavin-dependent halogenases are central enzymes in the production of halogenated secondary metabolites in various organisms and they constitute highly promising biocatalysts for regioselective halogenation. The mechanism of these monooxygenases includes formation of hypohalous acid from a reaction of fully reduced flavin with oxygen and halide. The hypohalous acid then diffuses via a tunnel to the substrate-binding site for halogenation of tryptophan and other substrates. Oxidized flavin needs to be reduced for regeneration of the enzyme, which can be performed in vitro by a photoreduction with blue light. Here, we employed this photoreduction to study characteristic structural changes associated with the transition from oxidized to fully reduced flavin in PyrH from Streptomyces rugosporus as a model for tryptophan-5-halogenases. The effect of the presence of bromide and chloride or the absence of any halides on the UV-vis spectrum of the enzyme demonstrated a halide-dependent structure of the flavin-binding pocket. Light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy was applied and the signals assigned by selective isotope labeling of the protein moiety. The identified structural changes in α-helix and β-sheet elements were strongly dependent on the presence of bromide, chloride, the substrate tryptophan, and the product 5-chloro-tryptophan, respectively. We identified a clear allosteric coupling in solution at ambient conditions between cofactor-binding site and substrate-binding site that is active in both directions, despite their separation by a tunnel. We suggest that this coupling constitutes a fine-tuned mechanism for the promotion of the enzymatic reaction of flavin-dependent halogenases in dependence of halide and substrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Schroeder
- Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Niklas Diepold
- Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simon Gäfe
- Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Niemann
- Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Biophysical Chemistry and Diagnostics, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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16
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Iwaniak P, Owe-Larsson M, Urbańska EM. Microbiota, Tryptophan and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors as the Target Triad in Parkinson's Disease-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2915. [PMID: 38474162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the era of a steadily increasing lifespan, neurodegenerative diseases among the elderly present a significant therapeutic and socio-economic challenge. A properly balanced diet and microbiome diversity have been receiving increasing attention as targets for therapeutic interventions in neurodegeneration. Microbiota may affect cognitive function, neuronal survival and death, and gut dysbiosis was identified in Parkinson's disease (PD). Tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid, is degraded by microbiota and hosts numerous compounds with immune- and neuromodulating properties. This broad narrative review presents data supporting the concept that microbiota, the Trp-kynurenine (KYN) pathway and aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) form a triad involved in PD. A disturbed gut-brain axis allows the bidirectional spread of pro-inflammatory molecules and α-synuclein, which may contribute to the development/progression of the disease. We suggest that the peripheral levels of kynurenines and AhR ligands are strongly linked to the Trp metabolism in the gut and should be studied together with the composition of the microbiota. Such an approach can clearly delineate the sub-populations of PD patients manifesting with a disturbed microbiota-Trp-KYN-brain triad, who would benefit from modifications in the Trp metabolism. Analyses of the microbiome, Trp-KYN pathway metabolites and AhR signaling may shed light on the mechanisms of intestinal distress and identify new targets for the diagnosis and treatment in early-stage PD. Therapeutic interventions based on the combination of a well-defined food regimen, Trp and probiotics seem of potential benefit and require further experimental and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Iwaniak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maja Owe-Larsson
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa M Urbańska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Cui Y, Liu J, Lei X, Liu S, Chen H, Wei Z, Li H, Yang Y, Zheng C, Li Z. Dual-directional regulation of spinal cord injury and the gut microbiota. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:548-556. [PMID: 37721283 PMCID: PMC10581592 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota affects the incidence and progression of central nervous system diseases via the brain-gut axis. The spinal cord is a vital important part of the central nervous system; however, the underlying association between spinal cord injury and gut interactions remains unknown. Recent studies suggest that patients with spinal cord injury frequently experience intestinal dysfunction and gut dysbiosis. Alterations in the gut microbiota can cause disruption in the intestinal barrier and trigger neurogenic inflammatory responses which may impede recovery after spinal cord injury. This review summarizes existing clinical and basic research on the relationship between the gut microbiota and spinal cord injury. Our research identified three key points. First, the gut microbiota in patients with spinal cord injury presents a key characteristic and gut dysbiosis may profoundly influence multiple organs and systems in patients with spinal cord injury. Second, following spinal cord injury, weakened intestinal peristalsis, prolonged intestinal transport time, and immune dysfunction of the intestine caused by abnormal autonomic nerve function, as well as frequent antibiotic treatment, may induce gut dysbiosis. Third, the gut microbiota and associated metabolites may act on central neurons and affect recovery after spinal cord injury; cytokines and the Toll-like receptor ligand pathways have been identified as crucial mechanisms in the communication between the gut microbiota and central nervous system. Fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, dietary interventions, and other therapies have been shown to serve a neuroprotective role in spinal cord injury by modulating the gut microbiota. Therapies targeting the gut microbiota or associated metabolites are a promising approach to promote functional recovery and improve the complications of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Cui
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- International Cooperation and Exchange Office, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- International Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Li R, Zhou Z, Zhao X, Li J. Application of Tryptophan and Methionine in Broccoli Seedlings Enhances Formation of Anticancer Compounds Sulforaphane and Indole-3-Carbinol and Promotes Growth. Foods 2024; 13:696. [PMID: 38472809 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Broccoli is a popular cruciferous vegetable that is well known for its abundant health-promoting biochemicals. The most important of these beneficial biochemicals are glucosinolates, including glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin. Glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin can be broken down by myrosinases into sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, which have been demonstrated to have potent cancer-preventive properties. Efforts to increase glucoraphanin in broccoli seedlings have long been a focus; however, increasing glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin simultaneously, as well as enhancing myrosinase activity to release more sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, have yet to be investigated. This study aims to investigate the impact of the combined application of tryptophan and methionine on the accumulation of sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, as well as their precursors. Furthermore, we also examined whether this application has any effects on seedling growth and the presence of other beneficial compounds. We found that the application of methionine and tryptophan not only increased the glucoraphanin content by 2.37 times and the glucobrassicin content by 3.01 times, but that it also caused a higher myrosinase activity, resulting in a1.99 times increase in sulforaphane and a 3.05 times increase in indole-3-carbinol. In addition, better plant growth and an increase in amino acids and flavonoids were observed in broccoli seedlings with this application. In conclusion, the simultaneous application of tryptophan and methionine to broccoli seedlings can effectively enhance their health-promoting value and growth. Our study provides a cost-effective and multi-benefit strategy for improving the health value and yield of broccoli seedlings, benefiting both consumers and farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zihuan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Krčmová LK, Javorská L, Matoušová K, Šmahel P, Skála M, Kopecký M, Suwanvecho C, Přívratská N, Turoňová D, Melichar B. Evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers and vitamins in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and post-COVID syndrome. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2023-1297. [PMID: 38374668 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Concentrations of neopterin, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios predict prognosis and the need for oxygen therapy in patients hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the changes of these biomarkers early in the course of infection, the association with the prior coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination and therapeutic administration of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, investigation of other potential biomarkers including neuropilin, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxyguanosine in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection and an assessment of these biomarkers and vitamins A, E and D in patients with post-COVID syndrome. METHODS Urine and blood samples were obtained on the 1st to the 4th day and 4th to 7th day from 108 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods were used to analyse neopterin, kynurenine, tryptophan, liposoluble vitamins, and DNA damage biomarkers. RESULTS A statistically significant decrease of neopterin, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios was observed on after 4th to 7th day of hospitalization, and concentrations of these biomarkers were increased in patients with poor prognosis and subsequent post-COVID syndrome. The concentrations of remaining biomarker and vitamins were not associated with outcomes, although markedly decreased concentrations of vitamin A, E and D were noted. CONCLUSIONS The concentrations of neopterin, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios decrease during the course of infection SARS-CoV-2 and are associated with the post-COVID syndrome. No other prognostic biomarkers were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Javorská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šmahel
- Deparment of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Mikuláš Skála
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kopecký
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Chaweewan Suwanvecho
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Přívratská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Turoňová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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20
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Ritz J, Wunderle C, Stumpf F, Laager R, Tribolet P, Neyer P, Bernasconi L, Stanga Z, Mueller B, Schuetz P. Association of tryptophan pathway metabolites with mortality and effectiveness of nutritional support among patients at nutritional risk: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1335242. [PMID: 38425485 PMCID: PMC10902466 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1335242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid and is the precursor of many important metabolites and neurotransmitters. In malnutrition, the availability of tryptophan is reduced, potentially putting patients at increased risks. Herein, we investigated the prognostic implications of the tryptophan metabolism in a secondary analysis of the Effect of Early Nutritional Support on Frailty, Functional Outcomes, and Recovery of Malnourished Medical Inpatients Trial (EFFORT), a randomized, controlled trial comparing individualized nutritional support to usual care in patients at risk for malnutrition. Among 238 patients with available measurements, low plasma levels of metabolites were independently associated with 30-day mortality with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 1.77 [95% CI 1.05-2.99, p 0.034] for tryptophan, 3.49 [95% CI 1.81-6.74, p < 0.001] for kynurenine and 2.51 [95% CI 1.37-4.63, p 0.003] for serotonin. Nutritional support had more beneficial effects on mortality in patients with high tryptophan compared to patients with low tryptophan levels (adjusted HR 0.61 [95% CI 0.29-1.29] vs. HR 1.72 [95% CI 0.79-3.70], p for interaction 0.047). These results suggest that sufficient circulating levels of tryptophan might be a metabolic prerequisite for the beneficial effect of nutritional interventions in this highly vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ritz
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carla Wunderle
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Stumpf
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Laager
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Tribolet
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Research Platform Active Aging, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Neyer
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Luca Bernasconi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Zeno Stanga
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine, and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat Mueller
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Kashevarova NM, Khaova EA, Tkachenko AG. The regulatory effects of (p)ppGpp and indole on cAMP synthesis in Escherichia coli cells. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:15-23. [PMID: 38465243 PMCID: PMC10917672 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial stress adaptive response is formed due to changes in the cell gene expression profile in response to alterations in environmental conditions through the functioning of regulatory networks. The mutual influence of network signaling molecules represented by cells' natural metabolites, including indole and second messengers (p) ppGpp and cAMP, is hitherto not well understood, being the aim of this study. E. coli parent strain BW25141 ((p) ppGpp+) and deletion knockout BW25141ΔrelAΔspoT which is unable to synthesize (p)ppGpp ((p)ppGpp0) were cultivated in M9 medium supplemented with different glucose concentrations (5.6 and 22.2 mM) in the presence of tryptophan as a substrate for indole synthesis and in its absence. The glucose content was determined with the glucose oxidase method; the indole content, by means of HPLC; and the cAMP concentration, by ELISA. The onset of an increase in initially low intracellular cAMP content coincided with the depletion of glucose in the medium. Maximum cAMP accumulation in the cells was proportional to the concentration of initially added glucose. At the same time, the (p) ppGpp0 mutant showed a decrease in maximum cAMP levels compared to the (p)ppGpp+ parent, which was the most pronounced in the medium with 22.2 mM glucose. So, (p)ppGpp was able to positively regulate cAMP formation. The promoter of the tryptophanase operon responsible for indole biosynthesis is known to be under the positive control of catabolic repression. Therefore, in the cells of the (p)ppGpp+ strain grown in the tryptophan-free medium that were characterized by a low rate of spontaneous indole formation, its synthesis significantly increased in response to the rising cAMP level just after glucose depletion. However, this was not observed in the (p)ppGpp0 mutant cells with reduced cAMP accumulation. When tryptophan was added to the medium, both of these strains demonstrated high indole production, which was accompanied by a decrease in cAMP accumulation compared to the tryptophan-free control. Thus, under glucose depletion, (p)ppGpp can positively regulate the accumulation of both cAMP and indole, while the latter, in its turn, has a negative effect on cAMP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Kashevarova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - E A Khaova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
| | - A G Tkachenko
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
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22
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Girgin G, Sanajou S, Meric-Deliveli S, Baydar T. Verification studies of tryptophan and kynurenine determination using HPLC and evaluation of the kynurenine pathway and neopterin levels in human colostrum samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5791. [PMID: 38031497 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Colostrum, the first breast fluid produced by mammals after giving birth, is followed by breast milk, which serves as the sole source of nutrients for breastfed newborns and infants. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of the central nervous system in infants. Tryptophan is primarily degraded through the kynurenine pathway. Owing to its sensitivity to dietary intake, immune-mediated tryptophan degradation is assessed by the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio, with a focus on one of the rate-limiting enzymes in the pathway. This study involved the validation of the simultaneous determination of tryptophan and kynurenine using HPLC. The validated method was then used to detect levels of tryptophan and kynurenine, as well as to calculate the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio in colostrum samples. Simultaneously, these results were compared with colostrum neopterin levels measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The mean levels for tryptophan, kynurenine, and neopterin were 17.3 ± 62.4 μM, 0.45 ± 0.03 μM, and 28.9 ± 2.6 nM, respectively. This study is among the few that have evaluated these parameters in colostrum samples. Neopterin levels secreted by the mammary gland were found not to be correlated with tryptophan degradation, a process influenced by the mother's nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Girgin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sonia Sanajou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Meric-Deliveli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Terken Baydar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Niu C, Lv W, Zhu X, Dong Z, Yuan K, Jin Q, Zhang P, Li P, Mao M, Dong T, Chen Z, Luo J, Hou L, Zhang C, Hao K, Chen S, Huang Z. Intestinal Translocation of Live Porphyromonas gingivalis Drives Insulin Resistance. J Dent Res 2024; 103:197-207. [PMID: 38185909 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231214195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis has been emphasized as a risk factor of insulin resistance-related systemic diseases. Accumulating evidence has suggested a possible "oral-gut axis" linking oral infection and extraoral diseases, but it remains unclear whether periodontal pathogens can survive the barriers of the digestive tract and how they play their pathogenic roles. The present study established a periodontitis mouse model through oral ligature plus Porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation and demonstrated that periodontitis aggravated diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, while also causing P. gingivalis enrichment in the intestine. Metabolic labeling strategy validated that P. gingivalis could translocate to the gastrointestinal tract in a viable state. Oral administration of living P. gingivalis elicited insulin resistance, while administration of pasteurized P. gingivalis had no such effect. Combination analysis of metagenome sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics suggested that the tryptophan metabolism pathway, specifically indole and its derivatives, was involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance caused by oral administration of living P. gingivalis. Moreover, liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, mainly indole acetic acid, tryptamine, and indole-3-aldehyde, were reduced in diet-induced obese mice with periodontitis, leading to inactivation of AhR signaling. Supplementation with Ficz (6-formylindolo (3,2-b) carbazole), an AhR agonist, alleviated periodontitis-associated insulin resistance, in which the restoration of gut barrier function might play an important role. Collectively, these findings reveal that the oral-gut translocation of viable P. gingivalis works as a fuel linking periodontitis and insulin resistance, in which reduction of AhR ligands and inactivation of AhR signaling are involved. This study provides novel insight into the role of the oral-gut axis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Niu
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - W Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - X Zhu
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Z Dong
- Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - K Yuan
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Q Jin
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - P Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - P Li
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - M Mao
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - T Dong
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - J Luo
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - L Hou
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - K Hao
- Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - S Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Z Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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24
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Szatmári EZ, Csordás A, Kerepesi C. Unique Patterns in Amino Acid Sequences of Aging-Related Proteins. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300436. [PMID: 37880927 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Aging has strong genetic components and the list of genes that may regulate the aging process is collected in the GenAge database. There may be characteristic patterns in the amino acid sequences of aging-related proteins that distinguish them from other proteins and this information will lead to a better understanding of the aging process. To test this hypothesis, human protein sequences are extracted from the UniProt database and the relative frequency of every amino acid residue in aging-related proteins and the remaining proteins is calculated. The main observation is that the mean relative frequency of aspartic acid (D) is consistently higher, while the mean relative frequencies of tryptophan (W) and leucine (L) are consistently lower in aging-related proteins compared to the non-aging-related proteins for the human and four examined model organisms. It is also observed that the mean relative frequency of aspartic acid is higher, while the mean relative frequency of tryptophan is lower in pro-longevity proteins compared to anti-longevity proteins in model organisms. Finally, it is found that aging-related proteins tend to be longer than non-aging-related proteins. It is hoped that this analysis initiates further computational and experimental research to explore the underlying mechanisms of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Zita Szatmári
- Institute for Computer Science and Control (SZTAKI), Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN), Budapest, 1111, Hungary
- Department of Applied Analysis and Computational Mathematics, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | | | - Csaba Kerepesi
- Institute for Computer Science and Control (SZTAKI), Hungarian Research Network (HUN-REN), Budapest, 1111, Hungary
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Lejeune S, Kaushik A, Parsons ES, Chinthrajah S, Snyder M, Desai M, Manohar M, Prunicki M, Contrepois K, Gosset P, Deschildre A, Nadeau K. Untargeted metabolomic profiling in children identifies novel pathways in asthma and atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:418-434. [PMID: 38344970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and other atopic disorders can present with varying clinical phenotypes marked by differential metabolomic manifestations and enriched biological pathways. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify these unique metabolomic profiles in atopy and asthma. METHODS We analyzed baseline nonfasted plasma samples from a large multisite pediatric population of 470 children aged <13 years from 3 different sites in the United States and France. Atopy positivity (At+) was defined as skin prick test result of ≥3 mm and/or specific IgE ≥ 0.35 IU/mL and/or total IgE ≥ 173 IU/mL. Asthma positivity (As+) was based on physician diagnosis. The cohort was divided into 4 groups of varying combinations of asthma and atopy, and 6 pairwise analyses were conducted to best assess the differential metabolomic profiles between groups. RESULTS Two hundred ten children were classified as At-As-, 42 as At+As-, 74 as At-As+, and 144 as At+As+. Untargeted global metabolomic profiles were generated through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. We applied 2 independent machine learning classifiers and short-listed 362 metabolites as discriminant features. Our analysis showed the most diverse metabolomic profile in the At+As+/At-As- comparison, followed by the At-As+/At-As- comparison, indicating that asthma is the most discriminant condition associated with metabolomic changes. At+As+ metabolomic profiles were characterized by higher levels of bile acids, sphingolipids, and phospholipids, and lower levels of polyamine, tryptophan, and gamma-glutamyl amino acids. CONCLUSION The At+As+ phenotype displays a distinct metabolomic profile suggesting underlying mechanisms such as modulation of host-pathogen and gut microbiota interactions, epigenetic changes in T-cell differentiation, and lower antioxidant properties of the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Lejeune
- Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; University of Lille, Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France; University of Lille, INSERM Unit 1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Abhinav Kaushik
- Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - Ella S Parsons
- Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Sharon Chinthrajah
- Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Manisha Desai
- Quantitative Science Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Monali Manohar
- Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Mary Prunicki
- Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Philippe Gosset
- University of Lille, INSERM Unit 1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Deschildre
- University of Lille, Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Department, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHU Lille, Lille, France; University of Lille, INSERM Unit 1019, CNRS UMR 9017, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
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Ishikawa E, Kanai S, Shinozawa A, Hyakutake M, Sue M. Hordeum vulgare CYP76M57 catalyzes C 2 shortening of tryptophan side chain by C-N bond rearrangement in gramine biosynthesis. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38281119 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The indole alkaloid gramine, 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole, is a defensive specialized metabolite found in some barley cultivars. In its biosynthetic process, the tryptophan (Trp) side chain is shortened by two carbon atoms to produce 3-(aminomethyl)indole (AMI), which is then methylated by N-methyltransferase (HvNMT) to produce gramine. Although side chain shortening is one of the crucial scaffold formation steps of alkaloids originating from aromatic amino acids, the gene and enzyme involved in the Trp-AMI conversion reactions are unknown. In this study, through RNA-seq analysis, 35 transcripts were shown to correlate with gramine production; among them, an uncharacterized cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene, CYP76M57, and HvNMT were identified as candidate genes for gramine production. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and rice overexpressing CYP and HvNMT accumulate AMI, N-methyl-AMI, and gramine. CYP76M57, heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris, was able to act on Trp to produce AMI. Furthermore, the amino group nitrogen of Trp was retained during the CYP76M57-catalyzed reaction, indicating that the C2 shortening of Trp proceeds with an unprecedented biosynthetic process, the removal of the carboxyl group and Cα and the rearrangement of the nitrogen atom to Cβ . In some gramine-non-accumulating barley cultivars, arginine 104 in CYP76M57 is replaced by threonine, which abolished the catalytic activity of CYP76M57 to convert Trp into AMI. These results uncovered the missing committed enzyme of gramine biosynthesis in barley and contribute to the elucidation of the potential functions of CYPs in plants and undiscovered specialized pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ishikawa
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shion Kanai
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Akihisa Shinozawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
- The NODAI Genome Research Center (NGRC), Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Mami Hyakutake
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sue
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka 1-1-1, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
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Vazquez-Medina A, Rodriguez-Trujillo N, Ayuso-Rodriguez K, Marini-Martinez F, Angeli-Morales R, Caussade-Silvestrini G, Godoy-Vitorino F, Chorna N. Exploring the interplay between running exercises, microbial diversity, and tryptophan metabolism along the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1326584. [PMID: 38318337 PMCID: PMC10838991 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1326584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergent recognition of the gut-brain axis connection has shed light on the role of the microbiota in modulating the gut-brain axis's functions. Several microbial metabolites, such as serotonin, kynurenine, tryptamine, indole, and their derivatives originating from tryptophan metabolism have been implicated in influencing this axis. In our study, we aimed to investigate the impact of running exercises on microbial tryptophan metabolism using a mouse model. We conducted a multi-omics analysis to obtain a comprehensive insight into the changes in tryptophan metabolism along the microbiota-gut-brain axis induced by running exercises. The analyses integrated multiple components, such as tryptophan changes and metabolite levels in the gut, blood, hippocampus, and brainstem. Fecal microbiota analysis aimed to examine the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, and taxon-function analysis explored the associations between specific microbial taxa and functional activities in tryptophan metabolism. Our findings revealed significant alterations in tryptophan metabolism across multiple sites, including the gut, blood, hippocampus, and brainstem. The outcomes indicate a shift in microbiota diversity and tryptophan metabolizing capabilities within the running group, linked to increased tryptophan transportation to the hippocampus and brainstem through circulation. Moreover, the symbiotic association between Romboutsia and A. muciniphila indicated their potential contribution to modifying the gut microenvironment and influencing tryptophan transport to the hippocampus and brainstem. These findings have potential applications for developing microbiota-based approaches in the context of exercise for neurological diseases, especially on mental health and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Vazquez-Medina
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nicole Rodriguez-Trujillo
- Nutrition and Dietetics Program, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kiara Ayuso-Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Roberto Angeli-Morales
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nataliya Chorna
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Huang Y, Chen L, Liu F, Xiong X, Ouyang Y, Deng Y. Tryptophan, an important link in regulating the complex network of skin immunology response in atopic dermatitis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1300378. [PMID: 38318507 PMCID: PMC10839033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1300378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease, of which the pathogenesis is a complex interplay between genetics and environment. Although the exact mechanisms of the disease pathogenesis remain unclear, the immune dysregulation primarily involving the Th2 inflammatory pathway and accompanied with an imbalance of multiple immune cells is considered as one of the critical etiologies of AD. Tryptophan metabolism has long been firmly established as a key regulator of immune cells and then affect the occurrence and development of many immune and inflammatory diseases. But the relationship between tryptophan metabolism and the pathogenesis of AD has not been profoundly discussed throughout the literatures. Therefore, this review is conducted to discuss the relationship between tryptophan metabolism and the complex network of skin inflammatory response in AD, which is important to elucidate its complex pathophysiological mechanisms, and then lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and drugs for the treatment of this frequently relapsing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Huang
- Department of Dermatology & Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingna Chen
- Department of Dermatology & Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuming Liu
- Department of Dermatology & Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology & Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongliang Ouyang
- Department of Dermatology & Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Health Management Center, Luzhou People’s Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongqiong Deng
- Department of Dermatology & Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Dermatology & Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD), Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Liu D, Zhang YQ, Yu TY, Han SL, Xu YJ, Guan Q, Wang HR. Regulatory mechanism of the six-method massage antipyretic process on lipopolysaccharide-induced fever in juvenile rabbits: A targeted metabolomics approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23313. [PMID: 38148795 PMCID: PMC10750150 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the mechanism of the six-method massage antipyretic process (SMAP) and its influence on the body's metabolic state. Methods The random number table method was used to divide 24 New Zealand 2-month-old rabbits with qualified basal body temperature into a control group, model group and massage group (n = 8 per group). The model group and massage groups were injected with 0.5 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (1 ml/kg) into the auricular vein, and the control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline at the same temperature. One hour after modelling, the massage group was given SMAP (opening Tianmen, pushing Kangong, rubbing Taiyang, rubbing Erhougaogu, clearing the Tianheshui and pushing the spine). The change of anal temperature 5 h after moulding was recorded to clarify the antipyretic effect. Results After modelling, the rectal temperature of the juvenile rabbits in the three groups increased. The rectal temperature of the model group was higher than that of the control group 5 h after modelling, and the rectal temperature of the massage group was lower than that of the model group (P < 0.05). The antipyretic mechanism is related to the regulation of the synthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, as well as the pentose phosphate pathway. Compared with the model group, the plasma interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, interferon-gamma, toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor κB, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, liver aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and l-glutamate dehydrogenase (L-GLDH) expression in the massage group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the massage group had significantly reduced AST, ALT and L-GLDH expression in plasma (P < 0.05). Conclusion The mechanism of SMAP therapy is related to regulating the expression of peripheral inflammatory factors and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Ying-qi Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Tian-yuan Yu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Si-long Han
- Department of Orthopedics II, Changping District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing,102208, China
| | - Ya-jing Xu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Qian Guan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Hou-rong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
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Hussain M, Kaousar R, Ali S, Shan C, Wang G, Wang S, Lan Y. Tryptophan Seed Treatment Improves Morphological, Biochemical, and Photosynthetic Attributes of the Sunflower under Cadmium Stress. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:237. [PMID: 38256789 PMCID: PMC10819145 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Tryptophan, as a signal molecule, mediates many biotic and environmental stress-induced physiological responses in plants. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tryptophan seed treatment in response to cadmium stress (0, 0.15, and 0.25 mM) in sunflower plants. Different growth and biochemical parameters were determined to compare the efficiency of the treatment agent. The results showed that cadmium stress reduced the growth attributes, including root and shoot length, dry and fresh weight, rate of seed germination, and the number of leaves. Cadmium stress also significantly reduced the contents of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll, carotenoid contents, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanin, and ascorbic acid. Whereas cadmium stress (0.15 and 0.25 mM) enhanced the concentrations of malondialdehyde (45.24% and 53.06%), hydrogen peroxide (-11.07% and 5.86%), and soluble sugars (28.05% and 50.34%) compared to the control. Tryptophan treatment decreased the effect of Cd stress by minimizing lipid peroxidation. Seed treatment with tryptophan under cadmium stress improved the root (19.40%) and shoot length (38.14%), root (41.90%) and shoot fresh weight (13.58%), seed germination ability (13.79%), average leaf area (24.07%), chlorophyll b (51.35%), total chlorophyll (20.04%), carotenoids (43.37%), total phenolic (1.47%), flavonoids (19.02%), anthocyanin (26.57%), ascorbic acid (4%), and total soluble proteins (12.32%) compared with control conditions. Overall, the tryptophan seed treatment showed positive effects on sunflower plants' growth and stress tolerance, highlighting its potential as a sustainable approach to improve crop performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid Hussain
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255022, China; (M.H.)
| | - Rehana Kaousar
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255022, China; (M.H.)
| | - Sharafat Ali
- Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Changfeng Shan
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255022, China; (M.H.)
| | - Guobin Wang
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255022, China; (M.H.)
| | - Shizhou Wang
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255022, China; (M.H.)
| | - Yubin Lan
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255022, China; (M.H.)
- National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology (NPAAC), Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Electronics Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Ambrosio LF, Volpini X, Quiroz JN, Brugo MB, Knubel CP, Herrera MR, Fozzatti L, Avila Pacheco J, Clish CB, Takenaka MC, Beloscar J, Theumer MG, Quintana FJ, Perez AR, Motrán CC. Association between altered tryptophan metabolism, plasma aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, and inflammatory Chagas disease. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1267641. [PMID: 38283348 PMCID: PMC10811785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chagas disease causes a cardiac illness characterized by immunoinflammatory reactions leading to myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. The development of Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCC) in some patients while others remain asymptomatic is not fully understood, but dysregulated inflammatory responses are implicated. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation. Certain tryptophan (Trp) metabolites have been identified as AhR ligands with regulatory functions. Methods results and discussion We investigated AhR expression, agonist response, ligand production, and AhR-dependent responses, such as IDO activation and regulatory T (Treg) cells induction, in two T. cruzi-infected mouse strains (B6 and Balb/c) showing different polymorphisms in AhR. Furthermore, we assessed the metabolic profile of Trp catabolites and AhR agonistic activity levels in plasma samples from patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD) and healthy donors (HD) using a luciferase reporter assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS) analysis. T. cruzi-infected B6 mice showed impaired AhR-dependent responses compared to Balb/c mice, including reduced IDO activity, kynurenine levels, Treg cell induction, CYP1A1 up-regulation, and AhR expression following agonist activation. Additionally, B6 mice exhibited no detectable AhR agonist activity in plasma and displayed lower CYP1A1 up-regulation and AhR expression upon agonist activation. Similarly, CCC patients had decreased AhR agonistic activity in plasma compared to HD patients and exhibited dysregulation in Trp metabolic pathways, resulting in altered plasma metabolite profiles. Notably, patients with severe CCC specifically showed increased N-acetylserotonin levels in their plasma. The methods and findings presented here contribute to a better understanding of CCC development mechanisms and may identify potential specific biomarkers for T. cruzi infection and the severity of associated heart disease. These insights could be valuable in designing new therapeutic strategies. Ultimately, this research aims to establish the AhR agonistic activity and Trp metabolic profile in plasma as an innovative, non-invasive predictor of prognosis for chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernanda Ambrosio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ximena Volpini
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Nahuel Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Belén Brugo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Paola Knubel
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melisa Rocío Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Fozzatti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julián Avila Pacheco
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Maisa C. Takenaka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juan Beloscar
- Servicio de Cardiología, Departamento de Chagas, Hospital Provincial del Centenario y Cátedra de Cardiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martín Gustavo Theumer
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Francisco Javier Quintana
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana Rosa Perez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cristina Motrán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Pathak S, Nadar R, Kim S, Liu K, Govindarajulu M, Cook P, Watts Alexander CS, Dhanasekaran M, Moore T. The Influence of Kynurenine Metabolites on Neurodegenerative Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:853. [PMID: 38255925 PMCID: PMC10815839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As the kynurenine pathway's links to inflammation, the immune system, and neurological disorders became more apparent, it attracted more and more attention. It is the main pathway through which the liver breaks down Tryptophan and the initial step in the creation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in mammals. Immune system activation and the buildup of potentially neurotoxic substances can result from the dysregulation or overactivation of this pathway. Therefore, it is not shocking that kynurenines have been linked to neurological conditions (Depression, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Huntington's Disease, Schizophrenia, and cognitive deficits) in relation to inflammation. Nevertheless, preclinical research has demonstrated that kynurenines are essential components of the behavioral analogs of depression and schizophrenia-like cognitive deficits in addition to mediators associated with neurological pathologies due to their neuromodulatory qualities. Neurodegenerative diseases have been extensively associated with neuroactive metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan breakdown. In addition to being a necessary amino acid for protein synthesis, Tryptophan is also transformed into the important neurotransmitters tryptamine and serotonin in higher eukaryotes. In this article, a summary of the KP, its function in neurodegeneration, and the approaches being used currently to target the route therapeutically are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhrud Pathak
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shannon Kim
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Keyi Liu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manoj Govindarajulu
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Preston Cook
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Timothy Moore
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Zhou M, Sun W, Chu J, Liao Y, Xu P, Chen X, Li M. Identification of novel biomarkers for frailty diagnosis via serum amino acids metabolomic analysis using UPLC-MS/MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2024:e2300035. [PMID: 38196151 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to analyze serum amino acid metabolite profiles in frailty patients, gain a better understanding of the metabolic mechanisms in frailty, and assess the diagnostic value of metabolomics-based biomarkers of frailty. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This study utilized the ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to examine amino acids associated with frailty. Additionally, we employed multivariate statistical methods, metabolomic data analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS Among the assayed amino acid metabolites, we identified biomarkers for frailty. ROC curve analysis for frailty diagnosis based on the modified Fried's frailty index showed that the areas under ROC curve of tryptophan, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and combination were 0.775, 0.679, 0.667, and 0.807, respectively. ROC curve analysis for frailty diagnosis based on Frail Scale showed that the areas under ROC curve of cystine, phenylalanine, and combination of amino acids (cystine, L-Glutamine, citrulline, tyrosine, kynurenine, phenylalanine, glutamin acid) were 0.834, 0.708, and 0.854 respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, we explored the serum amino acid metabolite profiles in frailty patients. These present metabolic analyses may provide valuable information on the potential biomarkers and the possible pathogenic mechanisms of frailty. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Frailty is a clinical syndrome, as a consequence it is challenging to identify at early course of the disease, even based on the existing frailty scales. Early diagnosis and appropriate patient management are the key to improve the survival and limit disabilities in frailty patients. Proven by the extensive laboratory and clinical studies on frailty, comprehensive analysis of metabolic levels in frail patients, identification of biomarkers and study of pathogenic pathways of metabolites contribute to the prediction and early diagnosis of frailty. In this study, we explored the serum amino acid metabolite profiles in frailty patients. These present metabolic analyses may provide valuable information on the potential biomarkers and the possible pathogenic mechanisms of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhou
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Chu
- The Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingping Liao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- The Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xujiao Chen
- The Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Huang Y, Huang Y, Xia D, Liu L, Xiong X, Ouyang Y, Deng Y. Lactobacillus rhamnosus ameliorates acne vulgaris in SD rats via changes in gut microbiota and associated tryptophan metabolism. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1293048. [PMID: 38250060 PMCID: PMC10796797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The depletion of beneficial bacteria in the gut has been found in patients with acne vulgaris, and in previous studies, the supplement of Lactobacillus rhamnosus led to the improvement of adult acne. Nevertheless, the potential mechanism of L. rhamnosus in the amelioration of acne vulgaris has not been elucidated yet. Methods To mimic the human intestinal environment, a pseudo-germ-free rat model was used, and then gut microbiota from healthy individuals and acne patients were transplanted into rats. The effects of L. rhamnosus and tryptophan (Trp) metabolites on a rat acne model were investigated by gavage. Then, 16S rRNA analysis and targeted measurement of metabolites were performed to discover the differences in gut microbiota and metabolites between groups. Finally, HaCaT cells pretreated with Cutibacterium acnes were employed to validate the effect and mechanism of Trp metabolites on acne. Results L. rhamnosus significantly improved acne-like symptoms in rats by suppressing the level of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. L. rhamnosus induced an increase in the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole via targeted Trp metabolic analyses. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus promoted bacterial diversity and also enhanced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio, which was positively related to both IAA and indole. Finally, the roles of IAA and indole in alleviating acne vulgaris were confirmed both in vitro and in vivo, which could be reversed by AhR inhibitors. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that L. rhamnosus could exert its therapeutic effects on acne vulgaris by modulating the gut microbiota and regulating associated Trp metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaxin Huang
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dengmei Xia
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongliang Ouyang
- Department of Health Management, Luzhou People’s Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqiong Deng
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Mizutani A, Goto C, Fujigaki H, Yamamoto Y, Saito K, Hatayama S, Fukuwatari T. Chronic Ethanol Intake Impairs Niacin Nutritional Status in Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2024; 70:1-8. [PMID: 38417847 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.70.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Niacin is involved in many biological reactions relating energy metabolism, redox reactions, DNA repair and longevity. Since niacin deficiency has been reported in alcoholic patients, and niacin coenzyme NAD is used as substrate to dehydrogenate ethanol in the liver, ethanol consumption can be a factor to impair niacin nutritional status. We have recently established the niacin insufficient model mice using kynurenine 3-monooxygenase knock out (KMO-/-) mice with niacin-limited diet, which lack the de novo NAD synthesis pathway from tryptophan. To evaluate the effects of chronic ethanol intake on niacin nutritional status, 4 wk old KMO-/- mice were fed 4 or 30 mg/kg nicotinic acid containing diets with or without 15% ethanol for 35 d. The mice fed 4 mg/kg nicotinic acid diet with ethanol showed lower body weight gain and niacin nutritional markers such as liver and blood NAD, and urine nicotinamide metabolites than the mice without ethanol. These animals did not show any difference in the NAD synthesis, NAD salvage and nicotinamide catabolic pathways. Chronic ethanol intake failed to affect any indices in the mice fed the 30 mg/kg nicotinic acid diet. When the diet was exchanged the 4 mg/kg for 30 mg/kg nicotinic acid diet to the mice showed chronic ethanol-induced growth retardation, their body weight rapidly increased. These results show that chronic ethanol intake impairs niacin nutritional status in the niacin insufficient mice, and enough niacin intake can prevent this impairment. Our findings also suggest that chronic ethanol intake increases niacin requirement by increase of NAD consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amane Mizutani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
| | - Chihiro Goto
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
| | - Hidetsugu Fujigaki
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science
| | - Sho Hatayama
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
| | - Tsutomu Fukuwatari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture
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Feng Q, Song X, Liu L, Zhou X, Chen Z. Plasma serotonin precursors and metabolite are correlated with bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2024; 32:10225536231187181. [PMID: 38613416 DOI: 10.1177/10225536231187181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin (5-HT) precursors regulate bone remodeling. This study aims to investigate the correlation of plasma 5-HT precursors and metabolite with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) patients. METHODS The age, body mass index (BMI), and years since menopause (YSM) were documented for 348 postmenopausal women in normal/osteopenia/osteoporosis (OP) groups, with lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD measured. Serum bone turnover markers (PINP/β-CTX) and plasma 5-HT, 5-HT precursors (Trp/5-HTP) and metabolite (5-HIAA) were measured by ELISA. OP patients were allocated to high/low expression groups following ROC analysis of 5-HT/Trp/5-HTP/5-HIAA. The relationship of plasma 5-HT/Trp/5-HTP/5-HIAA, BMD, and bone turnover markers with PMOP was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The correlation of plasma 5-HT/Trp/5-HTP/5-HIAA with BMD and bone turnover markers was analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis, followed by logistic regression analysis of the relationship between plasma 5-HT/Trp/5-HTP/5-HIAA and BMD, bone turnover markers and PMOP. RESULTS BMI, YSM, BMD and PINP, and β-CTX levels differed among groups. Levels of plasma 5-HT precursors/metabolite were increased in OP patients. Individuals with high 5-HT precursors/metabolite levels had low BMD and high PINP/β-CTX levels. The 5-HT precursors/metabolite negatively-correlated with BMD and positively-correlated with PINP/β-CTX. BMI, YSM, BMD, and PINP/β-CTX/Trp/5-HTP/5-HT related to PMOP and were independent risk factors for OP. CONCLUSION Plasma 5-HT precursors and metabolite negatively-correlate with BMD and positively-correlate with PINP/β-CTX in PMOP patients. Peripheral 5-HT precursors and metabolite level may be a new direction of treatment of PMOP and bone metabolism-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Feng
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Examination, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Pan S, Zhang Y, Ye T, Kong Y, Cui X, Yuan S, Liu J, Zhang Y. A High- Tryptophan Diet Alleviated Cognitive Impairment and Neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 Mice through Activating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor via the Regulation of Gut Microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300601. [PMID: 38031265 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Recent studies have highlighted the vital role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effect of the regulation of gut microbiota by dietary components on AD remains unknown. Thus, the study explored that a high-tryptophan (Trp) diet alleviates cognitive impairment by regulating microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS Male APP/PS1 mice are fed 0.5% Trp diet for 4 weeks, and then cognitive function, amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, microglial activation, proinflammatory cytokines production, and gut microbiota are detected. Moreover, the level of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and NF-κB pathway related protein are determined. The results show that high-Trp diet significantly alleviates cognitive impairment and Aβ deposits. Moreover, high-Trp diet significantly inhibits activation of microglia, decreases the level of cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b), and restrains the activation markers of microglia, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Notably, high-Trp diet significantly activates AhR, inhibits the phosphorylation of p65, and improves microbiota dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that high-Trp diet exerts anti-inflammatory effects via upregulating AhR and suppressing NF-κB pathway, and its mechanisms may be mediated by regulating gut microbiota, suggesting that Trp diet may be a potential strategy for AD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipei Pan
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaorui Cui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shushu Yuan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
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Wang T, Qi Y, Miyako E, Bianco A, Ménard-Moyon C. Photocrosslinked Co-Assembled Amino Acid Nanoparticles for Controlled Chemo/Photothermal Combined Anticancer Therapy. Small 2023:e2307337. [PMID: 38152926 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures formed from the self-assembly of amino acids are promising materials in many fields, especially for biomedical applications. However, their low stability resulting from the weak noncovalent interactions between the amino acid building blocks limits their use. In this work, nanoparticles co-assembled by fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected tyrosine (Fmoc-Tyr-OH) and tryptophan (Fmoc-Trp-OH) are crosslinked by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Two methods are investigated to induce the dimerization of tyrosine, irradiating at 254 nm or at 365 nm in the presence of riboflavin as a photo-initiator. For the crosslinking performed at 254 nm, both Fmoc-Tyr-OH and Fmoc-Trp-OH generate dimers. In contrast, only Fmoc-Tyr-OH participates in the riboflavin-mediated dimerization under irradiation at 365 nm. The participation of both amino acids in forming the dimers leads to more stable crosslinked nanoparticles, allowing also to perform further chemical modifications for cancer applications. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) is adsorbed onto the crosslinked nanoparticles, subsequently coated by a tannic acid-iron complex, endowing the nanoparticles with glutathione-responsiveness and photothermal properties, allowing to control the release of Dox. A remarkable anticancer efficiency is obtained in vitro and in vivo in tumor-bearing mice thanks to the combined chemo- and photothermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Wang
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Yun Qi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Eijiro Miyako
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000, France
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Koçak G, Yildiz C. The Effects of Ferulic Acid, Tryptophan, and L-Glutamine on the Cryopreservation of Mouse Spermatozoa. Biopreserv Biobank 2023. [PMID: 38150493 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of ferulic acid (0.1, 1, ve 10 mM), tryptophan (5, 25, ve 50 mM), and L-glutamine (10, 50, ve 100 mM) at different doses added to 18% raffinose + 3% skimmed milk powder sperm extender on the freezing of mouse spermatozoa in liquid nitrogen were investigated. The combination of 18% raffinose + 3% skimmed milk powder without additives was used as the control group. Frozen spermatozoa were thawed in a 37°C water bath for 30 seconds. After freeze-thawing, motility, dead spermatozoa ratio, plasma membrane integrity, abnormal acrosome ratio, motility endurance (for 4 hours), and cell apoptosis tests were performed in Human Tubal Fluid (HTF). Compared with the control group after freezing and thawing, the highest motility and plasma membrane integrity were obtained in the 10 mM L-glutamine group with 56.6% ± 2.11% and 77.8% ± 0.87%, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, when compared to the control group, the lowest rate of dead spermatozoa and abnormal acrosome was found in the 10 mM L-glutamine group as 26.0% ± 1.46% and 6.3% ± 1.09%, respectively (p < 0.05). The highest motility values for spermatozoa endurance were determined in the 10 and 50 mM L-glutamine groups up to the 4th hour compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In the evaluation of apoptosis in semen samples, there was no significant difference between the control, 0.1 mM ferulic acid, and 10 mM L-glutamine groups (p > 0.05). As a result, it was determined that the addition of 10 mM L-glutamine to the spermatozoa extender increased the motility, viable spermatozoa, functional membrane integrity, intact acrosome ratios, or motility endurance after freeze-thawing and could be used successfully in the freezing extender of mouse spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Koçak
- Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Tuzluca Vocational High School, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Yildiz
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
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Kisaka H, Chin DP, Miwa T, Hirano H, Uchiyama S, Mii M, Iyo M. Development of an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method and its application in tryptophan pathway modification in Catharanthus roseus. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2023; 40:311-320. [PMID: 38434110 PMCID: PMC10902617 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway of Catharanthus roseus vinca alkaloids has a long research history, including not only identification of metabolic intermediates but also the mechanisms of inter-cellular transport and accumulation of biosynthesized components. Vinca alkaloids pathway begins with strictosidine, which is biosynthesized by condensing tryptamine from the tryptophan pathway and secologanin from the isoprenoid pathway. Therefore, increasing the supply of precursor tryptophan may enhance vinca alkaloid content or their metabolic intermediates. Many reports on the genetic modification of C. roseus use cultured cells or hairy roots, but few reports cover the production of transgenic plants. In this study, we first investigated a method for stably producing transgenic plants of C. roseus, then, using this technique, we modified the tryptophan metabolism system to produce transgenic plants with increased tryptophan content. Transformed plants were obtained by infecting cotyledons two weeks after sowing with Agrobacterium strain A13 containing a plant expression vector, then selecting with 1/2 B5 medium supplemented with 50 mg l-1 kanamycin and 20 mg l-1 meropenem. Sixty-eight regenerated plants were obtained from 4,200 cotyledons infected with Agrobacterium, after which genomic PCR analysis using NPTII-specific primers confirmed gene presence in 24 plants with a transformation rate of 0.6%. Furthermore, we performed transformation into C. roseus using an expression vector to join trpE8 and aroG4 genes, which are feedback-resistant mutant genes derived from Escherichia coli. The resulting transformed plants showed exactly the same morphology as the wild-type, albeit with a marked increase in tryptophan and alkaloids content, especially catharanthine in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kisaka
- Biosolutions Development Section, Biosolutions Labs, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Dong Poh Chin
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miwa
- Biosolutions Development Section, Biosolutions Labs, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hirano
- Biosolutions Development Section, Biosolutions Labs, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Sato Uchiyama
- Biosolutions Development Section, Biosolutions Labs, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mii
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Mayu Iyo
- Biosolutions Development Section, Biosolutions Labs, Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
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Blonska A, Chojnacki M, Macieja A, Blasiak J, Majsterek I, Chojnacki J, Poplawski T. Tryptophan Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women with Functional Constipation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:273. [PMID: 38203444 PMCID: PMC10778582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Constipation belongs to conditions commonly reported by postmenopausal women, but the mechanism behind this association is not fully known. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between some metabolites of tryptophan (TRP) and the occurrence and severity of abdominal symptoms (Rome IV) in postmenopausal women with functional constipation (FC, n = 40) as compared with age-adjusted postmenopausal women without FC. All women controlled their TRP intake in their daily diet. Urinary levels of TRP and its metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), kynurenine (KYN), and 3-indoxyl sulfate (indican, 3-IS), were determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Dysbiosis was assessed by a hydrogen-methane breath test. Women with FC consumed less TRP and had a lower urinary level of 5-HIAA, but higher levels of KYN and 3-IS compared with controls. The severity of symptoms showed a negative correlation with the 5-HIAA level, and a positive correlation with the 3-IS level. In conclusion, changes in TRP metabolism may contribute to FC in postmenopausal women, and dysbiosis may underlie this contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Blonska
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcin Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Anna Macieja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Plock, 09-402 Plock, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Tomasz Poplawski
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Croce AC, Garbelli A, Moyano A, Soldano S, Tejeda-Guzmán C, Missirlis F, Scolari F. Developmental and Nutritional Dynamics of Malpighian Tubule Autofluorescence in the Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:245. [PMID: 38203417 PMCID: PMC10778832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Malpighian tubules (MTs) are arthropod excretory organs crucial for the osmoregulation, detoxification and excretion of xenobiotics and metabolic wastes, which include tryptophan degradation products along the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Specifically, the toxic intermediate 3-hydroxy kynurenine (3-HK) is metabolized through transamination to xanthurenic acid or in the synthesis of ommochrome pigments. Early investigations in Drosophila larval fat bodies revealed an intracellular autofluorescence (AF) that depended on tryptophan administration. Subsequent observations documented AF changes in the MTs of Drosophila eye-color mutants genetically affecting the conversion of tryptophan to KYN or 3-HK and the intracellular availability of zinc ions. In the present study, the AF properties of the MTs in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, were characterized in different stages of the insect's life cycle, tryptophan-administered larvae and blood-fed adult females. Confocal imaging and microspectroscopy showed AF changes in the distribution of intracellular, brilliant granules and in the emission spectral shape and amplitude between the proximal and distal segments of MTs across the different samples. The findings suggest AF can serve as a promising marker for investigating the functional status of MTs in response to metabolic alterations, contributing to the use of MTs as a potential research model in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cleta Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Garbelli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Andrea Moyano
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Soldano
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlos Tejeda-Guzmán
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (C.T.-G.); (F.M.)
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (C.T.-G.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Scolari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.M.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Henarejos-Escudero P, Méndez-García FF, Hernández-García S, Martínez-Rodríguez P, Gandía-Herrero F. Design, Synthesis and Gene Modulation Insights into Pigments Derived from Tryptophan-Betaxanthin, Which Act against Tumor Development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:63. [PMID: 38203234 PMCID: PMC10778952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of betalains, which are nitrogenous plant pigments, by the food industry is widespread and reflects their safety after intake. The recent research showed outstanding results for L-tryptophan-betaxanthin, a phytochemical present in traditional Chinese medicine, as an antitumoral agent when the activity was evaluated in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Thus, L-tryptophan-betaxanthin is now presented as a lead compound, from which eleven novel structurally related betaxanthins have been designed, biotechnologically produced, purified, and characterized. The antitumoral effect of the derived compounds was evaluated on the JK1466 tumoral strain of C. elegans. All the tested molecules significantly reduced the tumoral gonad sizes in a range between 31.4% and 43.0%. Among the novel compounds synthesized, tryptophan methyl ester-betaxanthin and tryptophan benzyl ester-betaxanthin, which are the first betalains to contain an ester group in their structures, caused tumor size reductions of 43.0% and 42.6%, respectively, after administration to the model animal. Since these were the two most effective molecules, their mechanism of action was investigated by microarray analysis. Differential gene expression analysis showed that tryptophan methyl ester-betaxanthin and tryptophan benzyl ester-betaxanthin were able to down-regulate the key genes of the mTOR pathway, such as daf-15 and rict-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.H.-E.); (F.F.M.-G.); (S.H.-G.); (P.M.-R.)
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Moura C, Correia AS, Vale N. Exploring the Interaction of Indole-3-Acetonitrile with Neuroblastoma Cells: Understanding the Connection with the Serotonin and Dopamine Pathways. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3325. [PMID: 38137546 PMCID: PMC10741800 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-acetonitrile, a compound produced by bacteria and plants as a defense and survival signal in response to attacks, has been recently discovered as a metabolite produced by human cancer cells. This discovery suggests a potential association between IAN and cancer progression in patients. Consequently, the aim of this work was to study the effects of IAN on a specific cancer cell line, SH-SY5Y, and elucidate its connection to the serotonin and dopamine pathways by examining the precursors of these neurotransmitters. To achieve this, a cellular viability assay was conducted, along with a morphological evaluation of the cells under both normal and stress conditions. Our results demonstrated that for the highest concentrations in our study, IAN was able to reduce the cellular viability of the cells. Furthermore, when IAN was combined with the amino acids that originate the neurotransmitters, it was possible to observe that in both combinations there was a decrease in the viability of the cells. Thus, IAN may in fact have some influence on both the serotonin and dopamine pathways since changes in cell viability were observed when it was added together with the amino acids. This preliminary study indicates the presence of an interaction between IAN and neuroblastoma cells that justifies further exploration and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Moura
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.S.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Correia
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.S.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.S.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Heng B, Pires AS, Chow S, Krishnamurthy S, Bonnell B, Bustamante S, Guillemin GJ. Stability Studies of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Blood Components Define Optimal Blood Processing Conditions. Int J Tryptophan Res 2023; 16:11786469231213521. [PMID: 38106464 PMCID: PMC10725091 DOI: 10.1177/11786469231213521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the main pathway of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism that generates energy for multiple cellular processes. The activity of this pathway has been shown to be dysregulated in multiple human diseases. The resultant modulation of metabolites has been suggested to comprise biomarkers to track disease progression or could identify new therapeutic targets. While metabolite changes can be measured readily in blood, there is limited knowledge on the effect of blood matrices and sample processing time may have on the stability of KP metabolites. Understanding the stability of KP metabolites in blood is integral to obtaining accurate KP data to correlate with clinical pathology. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the concentration of KP metabolites in matched whole blood, plasma and serum. The impact of pre-analytical sample processing time in the various blood matrices was also analysed. Serum and plasma had the higher concentration of KP metabolites compared to whole blood. Furthermore, concentrations of KP metabolites declined when the collected blood was processed after 24 hours storage at 4°C. Our study shows that that type of blood matrix and the time to processing have an impact on the stability of the KP metabolites. Serum or plasma are the preferred choice of matrix and the isolation of these matrices from whole blood is best performed immediately after collection for optimal analytical KP data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Heng
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ananda Staats Pires
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharron Chow
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shivani Krishnamurthy
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brooke Bonnell
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Bustamante
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ravanfar R, Sheng Y, Gray HB, Winkler JR. Tryptophan extends the life of cytochrome P450. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2317372120. [PMID: 38060561 PMCID: PMC10722969 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317372120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Powerfully oxidizing enzymes need protective mechanisms to prevent self-destruction. The flavocytochrome P450 BM3 from Priestia megaterium (P450BM3) is a self-sufficient monooxygenase that hydroxylates fatty acid substrates using O2 and NADPH as co-substrates. Hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids (≥C14) is well coupled to O2 and NADPH consumption, but shorter chains (≤C12) are more poorly coupled. Hydroxylation of p-nitrophenoxydodecanoic acid by P450BM3 produces a spectrophotometrically detectable product wherein the coupling of NADPH consumption to product formation is just 10%. Moreover, the rate of NADPH consumption is 1.8 times that of O2 consumption, indicating that an oxidase uncoupling pathway is operative. Measurements of the total number of enzyme turnovers before inactivation (TTN) indicate that higher NADPH concentrations increase TTN. At lower NADPH levels, added ascorbate increases TTN, while a W96H mutation leads to a decrease. The W96 residue is about 7 Å from the P450BM3 heme and serves as a gateway residue in a tryptophan/tyrosine (W/Y) hole transport chain from the heme to a surface tyrosine residue. The data indicate that two oxidase pathways protect the enzyme from damage by intercepting the powerfully oxidizing enzyme intermediate (Compound I) and returning it to its resting state. At high NADPH concentrations, reducing equivalents from the flavoprotein are delivered to Compound I by the usual reductase pathway. When NADPH is not abundant, however, oxidizing equivalents from Compound I can traverse a W/Y chain, arriving at the enzyme surface where they are scavenged by reductants. Ubiquitous tryptophan/tyrosine chains in highly oxidizing enzymes likely perform similar protective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Ravanfar
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Yuling Sheng
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Harry B. Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Jay R. Winkler
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
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Freese R, Lysne V. Niacin - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10299. [PMID: 38187785 PMCID: PMC10770643 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Niacin is the precursor to pyridine nucleotides NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). Niacin (vitamin B3) is the common term for nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and derivatives that exhibit the biological activity of nicotinamide. Furthermore, the indispensable amino acid tryptophan is the substrate for de novo synthesis of NAD. Thus, the requirements and intake of niacin are expressed as niacin equivalents (NE). The focus of interest for niacin over the last decade has primarily been on pharmacological doses of nicotinic acid as a lipid-lowering agent and other NAD precursors as potential enhancers of cellular NAD+ concentrations. None of these studies, however, makes a useful contribution to understanding dietary requirements in healthy populations. The requirement for niacin is estimated based on the relationship between intake and biochemical indices of niacin status, primarily urinary excretion of nicotinamide metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riitta Freese
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Marković M, Petronijević N, Stašević M, Stašević Karličić I, Velimirović M, Stojković T, Ristić S, Stojković M, Milić N, Nikolić T. Decreased Plasma Levels of Kynurenine and Kynurenic Acid in Previously Treated and First-Episode Antipsychotic-Naive Schizophrenia Patients. Cells 2023; 12:2814. [PMID: 38132134 PMCID: PMC10741951 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) catabolites exert neuroactive effects, with the plethora of evidence suggesting that kynurenic acid (KYNA), a catabolite of the kynurenine pathway (KP), acts as the regulator of glutamate and acetylcholine in the brain, contributing to the schizophrenia pathophysiology. Newer evidence regarding measures of KP metabolites in the blood of schizophrenia patients and from the central nervous system suggest that blood levels of these metabolites by no means could reflect pathological changes of TRP degradation in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate plasma concentrations of TRP, kynurenine (KYN) and KYNA at the acute phase and remission of schizophrenia in a prospective, case-control study of highly selected and matched schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals. Our study revealed significantly decreased KYN and KYNA in schizophrenia patients (p < 0.001), irrespective of illness state, type of antipsychotic treatment, number of episodes or illness duration and no differences in the KYN/TRP ratio between schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals. These findings could be interpreted as indices that kynurenine pathway might not be dysregulated in the periphery and that other factors contribute to observed disturbances in concentrations, but as our study had certain limitations, we cannot draw definite conclusions. Further studies, especially those exploring other body compartments that participate in kynurenine pathway, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Marković
- Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (I.S.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
| | - Nataša Petronijević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milena Stašević
- Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Ivana Stašević Karličić
- Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (I.S.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština—Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Milica Velimirović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tihomir Stojković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Slavica Ristić
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Mina Stojković
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Centre of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Nataša Milić
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Department for Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tatjana Nikolić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Chuang TD, Ton N, Rysling S, Quintanilla D, Boos D, Khorram O. Therapeutic effects of in vivo administration of an inhibitor of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (680c91) for the treatment of fibroids: a preclinical study. Fertil Steril 2023:S0015-0282(23)02073-3. [PMID: 38072367 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroids are characterized by marked overexpression of tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase (TDO2). The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of in vivo administration of an inhibitor of TDO2 (680C91) on fibroid size and gene expression. DESIGN Animal and ex vivo human study. SETTING Academic Research Institution. SUBJECTS Severe combined immunodeficiency mice bearing human fibroid xenografts treated with vehicle and TDO2 inhibitor. INTERVENTION Daily intraperitoneal administration of 680C91 or vehicle for 2 months and in vitro studies with fibroid explants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Tumor weight and gene expression profile of xenografts and in vitro mechanistic experiments using fibroid explants. RESULTS Compound 680C91 was well-tolerated with no effects on blood chemistry and body weight. Treatment of mice with 680C91 resulted in 30% reduction in the weight of fibroid xenografts after 2 months of treatment and as expected lower levels of kynurenine, the byproduct of tryptophan degradation and an endogenous ligand of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the xenografts. The expression of cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 (CYP1B1), transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3), fibronectin (FN1), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC) mRNA were lower in the xenografts of mice treated with 680C91 compared with vehicle controls. Similarly, the protein abundance of collagen, FN1, CYP1B1, and SPARC were lower in the xenografts of 680C9- treated mice compared with vehicle controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of xenografts indicated decreased expression of collagen, Ki67 and E2F1 but no significant changes in cleaved caspase 3 expression in mice treated with 680C91. The levels of kynurenine in the xenografts showed a direct correlation with the tumor weight and FN1 levels. In vitro studies with fibroid explants showed a significant induction of CYP1B1, TGF-β3, FN1, CDK2, E2F1, IL8, and SPARC mRNA by tryptophan, which could be blocked by cotreatment with 680C91 and the AhR antagonist CH-223191. CONCLUSION The results indicate that correction of aberrant tryptophan catabolism in fibroids could be an effective treatment through its effect to reduce cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Der Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Nhu Ton
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Shawn Rysling
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Derek Quintanilla
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Drake Boos
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California
| | - Omid Khorram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Wu Y, Chen K, Wang F. C-undecylcalix[4]resorcinarene Langmuir-Blodgett/Porous Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Film as a Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Tryptophan. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:1024. [PMID: 38131784 PMCID: PMC10742033 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a composite film was developed for the electrochemical sensing of tryptophan (Trp). Porous reduced graphene oxide (PrGO) was utilized as the electron transfer layer, and a C-undecylcalix[4]resorcinarene Langmuir-Blodgett (CUCR-LB) film served as the molecular recognition layer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical experiments were employed to analyze the characteristics of the CUCR-LB/PrGO composite film. The electrochemical behavior of Trp on the CUCR-LB/PrGO composite film was investigated, revealing a Trp linear response range of 1.0 × 10-7 to 3.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 and a detection limit of 3.0 × 10-8 mol L-1. Furthermore, the developed electroanalytical method successfully determined Trp content in an amino acid injection sample. This study not only introduces a rapid and reliable electrochemical method for the determination of Trp but also presents a new strategy for constructing high-performance electrochemical sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Dyeing Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou 450007, China; (Y.W.); (K.C.)
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