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Sokemawu Freeman AY, Ganizani A, Mwale AC, Manda IK, Chitete J, Phiri G, Stambuli B, Chimulambe E, Koslengar M, Kimambo NR, Bita A, Apolot RR, Mponda H, Mungwira RG, Chapotera G, Yur CT, Yatich NJ, Totah T, Mantchombe F, Chamla DD, Olu OO. Analyses of drinking water quality during a protracted cholera epidemic in Malawi - a cross-sectional study of key physicochemical and microbiological parameters. J Water Health 2024; 22:510-521. [PMID: 38557567 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Anecdotal evidence and available literature indicated that contaminated water played a major role in spreading the prolonged cholera epidemic in Malawi from 2022 to 2023. This study assessed drinking water quality in 17 cholera-affected Malawi districts from February to April 2023. Six hundred and thirty-three records were analysed. The median counts/100 ml for thermotolerant coliform was 98 (interquartile range (IQR): 4-100) and that for Escherichia coli was 0 (IQR: 0-9). The drinking water in all (except one) districts was contaminated by thermotolerant coliform, while six districts had their drinking water sources contaminated by E. coli. The percentage of contaminated drinking water sources was significantly higher in shallow unprotected wells (80.0% for E. coli and 95.0% for thermotolerant coliform) and in households (55.8% for E. coli and 86.0% for thermotolerant coliform). Logistic regression showed that household water has three times more risk of being contaminated by E. coli and two and a half times more risk of being contaminated by thermotolerant coliform compared to other water sources. This study demonstrated widespread contamination of drinking water sources during a cholera epidemic in Malawi, which may be the plausible reason for the protracted nature of the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gift Phiri
- Ministry of Water and Sanitation, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | | | | | | | - Alisa Bita
- World Health Organization Country Office, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Hamid Mponda
- World Health Organization Country Office, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | | | - Chol Thabo Yur
- World Health Organization Emergency Preparedness and Response Hub, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Terence Totah
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Freddie Mantchombe
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Dick Damas Chamla
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Olushayo Oluseun Olu
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo E-mail:
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2
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Wang GH, Tang CH, Cheng CY, Chung YC. Improving the practicality of recombinant Escherichia coli biosensor in detecting trace Cr(VI) by modifying the cryogenic storage conditions of biosensors and applying simple pretreatment. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2024; 58:1028-1038. [PMID: 38189371 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2024.2301905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a global environmental pollutant. To reduce the risk caused by Cr(VI), a simple, accurate, reproducible, and inexpensive method for quantifying Cr(VI) in water and soil should be developed. In this study, three types of recombinant Escherichia coli biosensors (namely T7-lux-E. coli, T3-lux-E. coli, and SP6-lux-E. coli biosensor) containing promoters (T7, T3, and SP6), chromate-sensing regulator chrB, and the reporter gene luxAB were constructed. This study investigated the effects of cryogenic freezing temperature and time on trace Cr(VI) measurement by using recombinant E. coli biosensors. The results indicated that the activity of thawed frozen SP6-lux-E. coli cells stored at -20 °C for 270 days did not differ from that of freshly prepared cells. Turbidity and conductivity in water samples and organic matter in soil interfered with Cr(VI) measurement using the biosensor. The SP6-lux-E. coli biosensor exhibited a wide measurement range and a low deviation of <5% for measuring Cr(VI) in various Cr(VI)-contaminated water and soil samples and required only a simple pretreatment or extraction process even after 270-day storage at -20 °C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the use of recombinant biosensors for accurately measuring Cr(VI) in both water and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guey-Horng Wang
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chi-Hsiang Tang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yu Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chien Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Younas F, Younas S, Bibi I, Farooqi ZUR, Hameed MA, Mohy-Ud-Din W, Shehzad MT, Hussain MM, Shakil Q, Shahid M, Niazi NK. A critical review on the separation of heavy metal(loid)s from the contaminated water using various agricultural wastes. Int J Phytoremediation 2024; 26:349-368. [PMID: 37559458 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2242973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater contamination with heavy metal(loids)s has become a worldwide environmental and public health problem due to their toxic and non-degradable nature. Different methods and technologies have been applied for water/wastewater treatment to mitigate heavy metal(loid)-induced toxicity threat to humans. Among various treatment methods, adsorption is considered the most attractive method because of its high ability and efficiency to remove contaminants from wastewater. Agricultural waste-based adsorbents have gained great attention because of high efficiency to heavy metal(loids)s removal from contaminated water. Chemically modified biosorbents can significantly enhance the stability and adsorption ability of the sorbents. The two mathematical models of sorption, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, have mostly been studied. In kinetic modeling, pseudo-second-order model proved better in most of the studies compared to pseudo-first-order model. The ion exchange and electrostatic attraction are the main mechanisms for adsorption of heavy metal(loid)s on biosorbents. The regeneration has allowed various biosorbents to be recycled and reused up to 4-5 time. Most effective eluents used for regeneration are dilute acids. For practical perspective, biosorbent removal efficiency has been elucidated using various types of wastewater and economic analysis studies. Economic analysis of adsorption process using agricultural waste-based biosorbents proved this approach cheaper compared to traditional commercial adsorbents, such as chemically activated carbon. The review also highlights key research gaps to advance the scope and application of waste peels for the remediation of heavy metal(loid)s-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazila Younas
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sadia Younas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashir Hameed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Mohy-Ud-Din
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Shehzad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mahroz Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qamar Shakil
- Fodder Research Sub-Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Nadra AD. Navigating tensions between public and commercial interests: a case study of open source biosensors for detecting water contaminants in Argentina. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1268950. [PMID: 38283621 PMCID: PMC10810021 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1268950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro D. Nadra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Caraba IV, Caraba MN, Hutanu D, Sinitean A, Dumitrescu G, Popescu R. Trace Metal Accumulation in Rats Exposed to Mine Waters: A Case Study, Bor Area (Serbia). Toxics 2023; 11:960. [PMID: 38133361 PMCID: PMC10748338 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) levels were measured in the Bor City water supply system (control) and two watercourses exposed to mining wastewaters, i.e., the Lutarica River (one site) and the Kriveljska River (two sites). The same parameters were determined in the brain, heart, lungs, stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys, and testes of male Wistar rats given water from these sources for 2 months. Water Cu, Fe, Cd, and Pb were outside the safe range, excepting the reference site. Significant impacts on intra-organ metal homeostasis were detected, especially in the brain, stomach, kidneys, and testes. The dynamics and magnitude of these changes (versus controls) depended on the target organ, analyzed metal, and water origin. The greatest number of significant intra-organ associations between essential and non-essential metals were found for Cd-Zn, Cd-Cu, and Cd-Mn. A regression analysis suggested the kidneys as the most relevant organ for monitoring water manganese, and the stomach and brain for lead. These results highlight the environmental risks associated with mining wastewaters from the Bor area and could help scientists in mapping the spatial distribution and severity of trace metal contamination in water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Valeriu Caraba
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.V.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Marioara Nicoleta Caraba
- Department Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi 16, 300315 Timisoara, Romania; (D.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Delia Hutanu
- Department Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi 16, 300315 Timisoara, Romania; (D.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrian Sinitean
- Department Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi 16, 300315 Timisoara, Romania; (D.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Gabi Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (I.V.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Roxana Popescu
- ANAPATMOL Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Naqvi SNH, Bibi I, Niazi NK, Tahseen R, Al-Misned F, Shahid M, Naqvi SA, Ashraf W, Shabir G, Iqbal S, Ali F, Afzal M. Exploring the potential of bacterial-augmented floating treatment wetlands for the remediation of detergent-contaminated water. Int J Phytoremediation 2023; 26:882-893. [PMID: 37933838 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2275725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to industrialization and urbanization, the use of detergents inadvertently led to contamination of aquatic environments, thus posing potential threat to aquatic organisms and human health. One of the main components of detergents is linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), which can cause toxic effects on living organisms, particularly aquatic life in the environment. In this study, floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) mesocosms were developed and augmented with LAS-degrading bacteria. The plant species, Brachiaria mutica (Para grass), was vegetated to establish FTWs and bacterial consortium (1:1:1:1) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PJRS20, Bacillus sp. BRRH60, Acinetobacter sp. strain CYRH21, and Burkholderia phytofirmans Ps.JN was augmented (free or immobilized) in these mesocosms. Results revealed that the FTWs removed LAS from the contaminated water and their augmentation with bacteria slightly increased LAS removal during course of the experiment. Maximum reduction in LAS concentration (94%), chemical oxygen demand (91%), biochemical oxygen demand (93%), and total organic carbon (91%) was observed in the contaminated water having FTWs augmented with bacterial consortium immobilized on polystyrene sheet. This study highlights that the FTWs supported with immobilized bacteria on polystyrene sheets can provide an eco-friendly and sustainable solution for the remediation of LAS-bearing water, especially for developing countries like Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Najaf Hasan Naqvi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Razia Tahseen
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Ghulam Shabir
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samina Iqbal
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan Campus (4111), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba (4880), QLD, Australia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Gaß H, Sarcletti M, Müller L, Hübner S, Yokosawa T, Park H, Przybilla T, Spiecker E, Halik M. A Sustainable Method for Removal of the Full Range of Liquid and Solid Hydrocarbons from Water Including Up- and Recycling. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2302495. [PMID: 37807816 PMCID: PMC10646276 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Beyond their CO2 emittance when burned as fuels, hydrocarbons (HCs) serve as omnipresent raw materials and commodities. No matter if as liquid oil spills or the endless amounts of plastic roaming the oceans, HCs behave as persistent pollutants with water as main carrier to distribute. Even if their general chemical structure [-(CH2 )n -] is quite simple, the endless range of n leads to contaminations of different appearances and properties. A water remediation method based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) modified with self-assembled monolayers of alkyl phosphonic acid derivatives is presented. These molecules enable the SPIONs to non-covalently bind HCs, independently from the molecular weight, size and morphology. The attractive interaction is mainly based on hydrophobic and Coulomb interaction, which allows recycling of the SPIONs. The superparamagnetic core allows a simple magnetic collection and separation from the water phase which makes it a promising addition to wastewater treatment. Agglomerates of collected plastic "waste" even exhibit superior adsorption properties for crude oil, another hydrocarbon waste which gives these collected wastes a second life. This upcycling approach combined with presented recycling methods enables a complete recycling loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Gaß
- Organic Materials & DevicesInstitute of Polymer MaterialsFriedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Marco Sarcletti
- Organic Materials & DevicesInstitute of Polymer MaterialsFriedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Lukas Müller
- Organic Materials & DevicesInstitute of Polymer MaterialsFriedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sabine Hübner
- Institute of Micro‐ and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM)Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Tadahiro Yokosawa
- Institute of Micro‐ and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM)Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Hyoungwon Park
- Organic Materials & DevicesInstitute of Polymer MaterialsFriedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Thomas Przybilla
- Institute of Micro‐ and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM)Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro‐ and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM)Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Marcus Halik
- Organic Materials & DevicesInstitute of Polymer MaterialsFriedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen Nürnberg91058ErlangenGermany
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Zhang P, Yang M, Lan J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Huang S, Yang Y, Ru J. Water Quality Degradation Due to Heavy Metal Contamination: Health Impacts and Eco-Friendly Approaches for Heavy Metal Remediation. Toxics 2023; 11:828. [PMID: 37888679 PMCID: PMC10611083 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Water quality depends on its physicochemical and biological parameters. Changes in parameters such as pH, temperature, and essential and non-essential trace metals in water can render it unfit for human use. Moreover, the characteristics of the local environment, geological processes, geochemistry, and hydrological properties of water sources also affect water quality. Generally, groundwater is utilized for drinking purposes all over the globe. The surface is also utilized for human use and industrial purposes. There are several natural and anthropogenic activities responsible for the heavy metal contamination of water. Industrial sources, including coal washery, steel industry, food processing industry, plastic processing, metallic work, leather tanning, etc., are responsible for heavy metal contamination in water. Domestic and agricultural waste is also responsible for hazardous metallic contamination in water. Contaminated water with heavy metal ions like Cr (VI), Cd (II), Pb (II), As (V and III), Hg (II), Ni (II), and Cu (II) is responsible for several health issues in humans, like liver failure, kidney damage, gastric and skin cancer, mental disorders and harmful effects on the reproductive system. Hence, the evaluation of heavy metal contamination in water and its removal is needed. There are several physicochemical methods that are available for the removal of heavy metals from water, but these methods are expensive and generate large amounts of secondary pollutants. Biological methods are considered cost-effective and eco-friendly methods for the remediation of metallic contaminants from water. In this review, we focused on water contamination with toxic heavy metals and their toxicity and eco-friendly bioremediation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243031, China; (M.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Mingjie Yang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243031, China; (M.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingjing Lan
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243031, China; (M.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243031, China; (M.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jinxi Zhang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243031, China; (M.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shuangshuang Huang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243031, China; (M.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yashi Yang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243031, China; (M.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Junjie Ru
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Wanjiang University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243031, China; (M.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.Y.)
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Di Onofrio V, Pagano M, Santulli M, Rossi A, Liguori R, Di Dio M, Liguori G. Contamination of Hotel Water Distribution Systems by Legionella Species: Environmental Surveillance in Campania Region, South Italy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1840. [PMID: 37513012 PMCID: PMC10385258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic period was marked by the absence or reduced circulation of some infectious diseases. Legionellosis may have been affected by the prevention measures adopted to counter COVID-19. Legionellosis is a form of pneumonia interstitial that is normally transmitted via aerosol-containing bacteria (genus Legionella), that could be present in contaminated water sources and is often associated with travel and with staying in hotels. In this work, the data of the environmental surveys carried out by ARPA Campania in accommodation facilities since 2019 were analyzed for a better understanding of the dispersion patterns of L. pneumophila associated with the environment and to evaluate the variation of the data during the pandemic period. The aim was to provide a better understanding of Legionella at different geographic scales and to define a predictive epidemiological method. Results: In 2019, the Legionella genus contaminated 37.7% of all tourist facilities evaluated. In 2020, the Legionella genus contaminated 44.4% of all tourist facilities evaluated. In 2021, the Legionella genus contaminated 54.2% of all tourist facilities evaluated. Conclusions: Legionella pneumophila was the most prevalent species in our community, serogroup 1 was the most frequently isolated and the most implicated risk factor of contamination was the temperature of water in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Di Onofrio
- International PhD Programme/UNESCO Chair "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development", Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples "Parthenope", Business District, Block C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Pagano
- ARPA Campania-Salerno Department-Via Lanzalone, 54/56, 84100 Salerno, Italy
| | - Marco Santulli
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Annamaria Rossi
- ARPA Campania-Salerno Department-Via Lanzalone, 54/56, 84100 Salerno, Italy
| | - Renato Liguori
- International PhD Programme/UNESCO Chair "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development", Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples "Parthenope", Business District, Block C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Mirella Di Dio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina n. 40, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", Via Medina n. 40, 80133 Naples, Italy
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Nawaz R, Nasim I, Irfan A, Islam A, Naeem A, Ghani N, Irshad MA, Latif M, Nisa BU, Ullah R. Water Quality Index and Human Health Risk Assessment of Drinking Water in Selected Urban Areas of a Mega City. Toxics 2023; 11:577. [PMID: 37505543 PMCID: PMC10385057 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the quality of drinking water and assess the potential health hazards due to water contaminants in selected urban areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Water samples were collected from ten sites and analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters including turbidity, color, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrates, fluoride, residual chlorine, and total hardness. Additionally, heavy metal (arsenic) and microbial parameters (E. coli) were also determined in the water samples. Drinking water quality evaluation indices, including the water quality index (WQI) for physico-chemical and biological parameters and human health risk assessment (HHRA) for heavy metal were estimated using the analytical results of the target parameters. It was found in most of the areas that the levels of arsenic, fluoride, TDS, and residual chlorine were higher than those recommended by the National Environmental Quality Standard (NEQS) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. In addition to the physico-chemical parameters, microbial content (E. coli) was also found in the drinking water samples of the selected areas. Statistical analysis of the results indicated that levels of target parameters in drinking water samples are significantly different between sampling sites. The WQI for all physico-chemical and microbial parameters indicated that drinking water in most of the areas was unfit and unsuitable (WQI > 100) for drinking purposes except for the water of Bhatti Gate and Chota Gaon Shahdara with a WQI of 87 and 91, respectively. Drinking water in these areas had a very poor WQI rating. According to HHRA, drinking water from the selected sites was found to be of high risk to children and adults. The carcinogenic risk of arsenic indicated that all samples were of high risk to both adults and children (4.60 and 4.37 × 10-3, respectively). Regular monitoring of drinking water quality is essential, and proactive measures must be implemented to ensure the treatment and availability of safe drinking water in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rab Nawaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Research and Knowledge Transfer, INTI International University, Putra Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Iqra Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Islam
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Ayesha Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Ghani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Maria Latif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Badar Un Nisa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Subaramaniyam U, Allimuthu RS, Vappu S, Ramalingam D, Balan R, Paital B, Panda N, Rath PK, Ramalingam N, Sahoo DK. Effects of microplastics, pesticides and nano-materials on fish health, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanism. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1217666. [PMID: 37435307 PMCID: PMC10331820 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1217666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics and pesticides are emerging contaminants in the marine biota, which cause many harmful effects on aquatic organisms, especially on fish. Fish is a staple and affordable food source, rich in animal protein, along with various vitamins, essential amino acids, and minerals. Exposure of fish to microplastics, pesticides, and various nanoparticles generates ROS and induces oxidative stress, inflammation, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, and DNA damage and alters gut microbiota, thus reducing the growth and quality of fish. Changes in fish behavioral patterns, swimming, and feeding habits were also observed under exposures to the above contaminants. These contaminants also affect the Nrf-2, JNK, ERK, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways. And Nrf2-KEAP1 signalling modulates redox status marinating enzymes in fish. Effects of pesticides, microplastics, and nanoparticles found to modulate many antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione system. So, to protect fish health from stress, the contribution of nano-technology or nano-formulations was researched. A decrease in fish nutritional quality and population significantly impacts on the human diet, influencing traditions and economics worldwide. On the other hand, traces of microplastics and pesticides in the habitat water can enter humans by consuming contaminated fish which may result in serious health hazards. This review summarizes the oxidative stress caused due to microplastics, pesticides and nano-particle contamination or exposure in fish habitat water and their impact on human health. As a rescue mechanism, the use of nano-technology in the management of fish health and disease was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayadharshini Subaramaniyam
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rethi Saliya Allimuthu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Shanu Vappu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Divya Ramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ranjini Balan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Niranjan Panda
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prasana Kumar Rath
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nirmaladevi Ramalingam
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Gopnar VV, Rakshit D, Bandakinda M, Kulhari U, Sahu BD, Mishra A. Fisetin attenuates arsenic and fluoride subacute co-exposure induced neurotoxicity via regulating TNF-α mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Neurotoxicology 2023:S0161-813X(23)00086-4. [PMID: 37331635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is considered safe, however, the occurrence of contaminants like arsenic and fluoride has raised a major healthcare concern. Clinical studies suggested that arsenic and fluoride co-exposure induced neurotoxicity, however efforts to explore safe and effective management of such neurotoxicity are limited. Therefore, we investigated the ameliorative effect of Fisetin against arsenic and fluoride subacute co-exposure-induced neurotoxicity, and associated biochemical and molecular changes. Male BALB/c mice Arsenic (NaAsO2: 50mg/L) and fluoride (NaF: 50mg/L) were exposed to drinking water and fisetin (5, 10, and 20mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 28 days. The neurobehavioral changes were recorded in the open field, rotarod, grip strength, tail suspension, forced swim, and novel object recognition test. The co-exposure resulted in anxiety-like behaviour, loss of motor coordination, depression-like behaviour, and loss of novelty-based memory, along with enhanced prooxidant, inflammatory markers and loss of cortical and hippocampal neurons. The treatment with fisetin reversed the co-exposure-induced neurobehavioral deficit along with restoration of redox & inflammatory milieu, and cortical and hippocampal neuronal density. Apart from antioxidants, inhibition of TNF-α/ NLRP3 expression has been suggested as one of the plausible neuroprotective mechanisms of Fisetin in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitthal V Gopnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam - 781101, India
| | - Debarati Rakshit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam - 781101, India
| | - Mounisha Bandakinda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam - 781101, India
| | - Uttam Kulhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam - 781101, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam - 781101, India
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam - 781101, India.
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Cole Varela AC, Soares SM, Fortuna M, Costa VC, Piasson Barletto Í, Timbola Mozatto M, Siqueira L, de Alcantara Barcellos HH, Egydio Barreto R, Gil Barcellos LJ. A single exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of a glyphosate-based herbicide or fluoxetine-based agent on growth performance in Nile tilapia. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37309916 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2224380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine e whether a single acute 96 hr exposure of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) to Nile tilapia fingerlings affected growth performance during the first 90 days of culture. This association was considered as GBH increases serotoninergic activity that affect fish anorexically. Although these findings were based upon chronic investigations, this study was designed to examine whether a single, acute, but excessive concentration GBH might impair growth performance in fish. In parallel, fish were also exposed to fluoxetine (FLU), a drug that selectively inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in brain synapses, leading to increased serotoninergic activity. Data demonstrated a decreased growth performance in fingerlings exposed to GBH or FLU compared to unexposed fingerlings. In fact, FLU-exposed fingerlings exhibited lower average weight and length, diminished weight gain, which resulted in lower final biomass. GBH-exposed fish, despite displaying a lower mean body weight, exhibited a biomass similar to biomass on controls. These body weight differences were noted after 30-60- and 90-day growth period in clean water. In an aquaculture context, these observed changes may be considered harmful to the production or economic performance of large-scale farming as currently practiced in tilapia farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Carolina Cole Varela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
| | - Suelen Mendonça Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
| | - Milena Fortuna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
| | - Vitória Cadore Costa
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
| | - Ísis Piasson Barletto
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
| | - Mateus Timbola Mozatto
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
| | - Lisiane Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
| | | | - Rodrigo Egydio Barreto
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural E Funcional (Fisiologia), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Centro de Aquacultura da UNESP - CAUNESP, UNESP, R. Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil
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14
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Zhang D, Xue T, Qin Y, Liu YT, Chen H, Gao ZP, Huang XY, Ma BJ. [Dissolved Ion Concentrations and Isotope Values in Agricultural Fertilizer Locally Applied in Henan Province]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:1040-1050. [PMID: 36775627 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202201251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural fertilizers (AFs) have provided vegetation with necessary nutrients, but unabsorbed constituents have been retarded in soil, potentially affecting the quality of adjacent surface water and groundwater. AFs element contents and stable isotope compositions have often been utilized to assess and calculate AFs pollution to nitrate and sulfate in surface water and groundwater; however, due to various AFs applied, the dissolved ion concentrations and isotope ratios are still unknown. This study collected commercial AF widely utilized in Henan province, China, to constrain their ion concentrations and isotope values. The dissolved ions (1 g AFs dissolved in 1 L ultrapure water), sulfate sulfur, and oxygen isotope values(δ34S and δ18O) were analyzed, and total nitrogen (TN) contents coupled with nitrogen isotope values(δ15N) in solid AFs were determined to elucidate their elemental and isotopic compositions. These characteristics provided a scientific basis for further assessing their contributions to surface water and groundwater contaminations. The results indicated that pH values in the AFs solutions varied from 3.6 to 10.2, with a mean value of 6.7±1.5 (n=30, 1σ). Sulfate (SO42-) and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations ranged from 4.38 mg·L-1 to 827.29 mg·L-1 and from 1.34 mg·L-1 to 208.90 mg·L-1, with median values of 192.80 mg·L-1 and 13.51 mg·L-1 and average values of (256.19±239.83) mg·L-1 (n=30) and (37.07±53.21) mg·L-1 (n=29), respectively. Dissolved sulfate δ34S and δ18O values in AFs varied from -3.5‰ to 19.0‰ and from 6.7‰ to 18.5‰, with median values of 4.1‰ and 10.1‰ and mean values of (5.8±5.5)‰ (n=22, 1σ) and (10.7±2.7)‰ (n=22, 1σ), respectively. TN and δ15N values in AFs ranged from 0.5% to 38.9% and from -2.7‰ to 3.4‰, with median values of 13.3% and 0.0‰ and average values of (14.8±9.3)% (n=25) and 0.0±1.5‰ (n=24, 1σ), respectively. The lower averaged δ34S values and positive averaged δ18O values potentially resulted from sulfuric acids added as raw materials, giving rise to a negative relationship between pH values and SO42- concentrations (P<0.05). The δ15N values of AFs were close to that of air N2, corresponding to the fact that NO3--N and NH4+-N were synthesized via air N2. Our results revealed the dissolved ion concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ and their δ34S, δ18O, and δ15N values of typically applied AFs in Henan province, which provided the scientific basis for studying the AFs contributions to SO42- and NO3- pollutions in surface water and groundwater surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- School of Resource & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Tian Xue
- School of Resource & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Yong Qin
- College of Food Sciences, Xinyang Agriculture & Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yun-Tao Liu
- The Fifth Institute of Geo-Exploration, Henan Bureau of Geo-Exploration & Mineral Development, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Henan Province Research Center on Applied Engineering Technology of Hydrogeology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Resource & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Zhen-Peng Gao
- School of Resource & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Xing-Yu Huang
- School of Resource & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Bing-Juan Ma
- School of Resource & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
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Batra AR, Cottam D, Lepesteur M, Dexter C, Zuccala K, Martino C, Khudur L, Daniel V, Ball AS, Soni SK. Development of A Rapid, Low-Cost Portable Detection Assay for Enterococci in Wastewater and Environmental Waters. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020381. [PMID: 36838346 PMCID: PMC9960780 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterborne diseases are known as a leading cause of illness and death in both developing and developed countries. Several pathogens can be present in contaminated water, particularly waters containing faecal material; however, routine monitoring of all pathogens is not currently possible. Enterococcus faecalis, which is present in the microflora of human and animals has been used as a faecal indicator in water due to its abundance in surface water and soil. Accurate and fast detection methods are critical for the effective monitoring of E. faecalis in the environment. Although conventional and current molecular detection techniques provide sufficient sensitivity, specificity and throughput, their use is hampered by the long waiting period (1-6 days) to obtain results, the need for expensive laboratory equipment, skilled personnel, and cold-chain storage. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a detection system for E. faecalis that would be simple, rapid, and low-cost, using an isothermal DNA amplification assay called recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), integrated with a lateral flow assay (LFA). The assay was found to be 100% selective for E. faecalis and capable of detecting rates as low as 2.8 × 103 cells per 100 mL from water and wastewater, and 2.8 × 104 cells per 100 mL from saline water. The assay was completed in approximately 30 min using one constant temperature (38 °C). In addition, this study demonstrated the quantitation of E. faecalis using a lateral flow strip reader for the first time, enhancing the potential use of RPA assay for the enumeration of E. faecalis in wastewater and heavily contaminated environmental waters, surface water, and wastewater. However, the sensitivity of the RPA-LFA assay for the detection of E. faecalis in tap water, saline water and in wastewater was 10-1000 times lower than that of the Enterolert-E test, depending on the water quality. Nevertheless, with further improvements, this low-cost RPA-LFA may be suitable to be used at the point-of-need (PON) if conjugated with a rapid field-deployable DNA extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rani Batra
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia’s Biosolids Resource, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC 3083, Australia
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-399256594
| | - Darren Cottam
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
| | - Muriel Lepesteur
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
| | - Carina Dexter
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
| | - Kelly Zuccala
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
| | - Caroline Martino
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
| | - Leadin Khudur
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia’s Biosolids Resource, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Vivek Daniel
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Ball
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia’s Biosolids Resource, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Soni
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia’s Biosolids Resource, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC 3083, Australia
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Nhung NTH, Long VD, Fujita T. A Critical Review of Snail Shell Material Modification for Applications in Wastewater Treatment. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1095. [PMID: 36770102 PMCID: PMC9919195 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sea material is becoming increasingly popular and widely used as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment. Snail shell, a low-cost and natural animal waste material, has been shown to have a high calcium content (>99%) and a large potential surface area for the development of sustainable adsorbents. This paper presents a novel synthesis of methods for using snail shell absorbent materials in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals, textile dyes, and other organic substances. Modified biochar made from snail shells has gained popularity in recent years due to its numerous benefits. This paper discusses and analyzes modification methods, including impregnating with supplements, combining other adsorbents, synthesis of hydroxyapatite, co-precipitation, and the sol-gel method. The analysis of factors influencing adsorption efficiency revealed that pH, contact time, temperature, initial concentration, and adsorbent dose all have a significant impact on the adsorption process. Future research directions are also discussed in this paper as a result of presenting challenges for current snail adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Hong Nhung
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Vo Dinh Long
- Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering and Management, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Toyohisa Fujita
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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17
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Ahmad S, Imran M, Amin M, Al-Kahtani AA, Arshad M, Nawaz R, Shah NS, Schotting RJ. Potential of magnetic quinoa biosorbent composite and HNO 3 treated biosorbent for effective sequestration of chromium (VI) from contaminated water. Int J Phytoremediation 2023; 25:929-939. [PMID: 36121769 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2122926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to prepare novel quinoa biosorbent (QB), acid activated QB (QB/Acid) and its nanocomposite with magnetic nanoparticles (QB/MNPs) for batch scale Cr removal from contaminated water. The Cr adsorption was systematically studied at different pH (2-9), adsorbent dosage (1-3 g/L), initial concentration (25-200 mg/L), contact time (180 min) and competing ions in water. Maximum Cr adsorption was observed onto QB/MNPs (57.4 mg/L), followed by QB/Acid (46.35 mg/g) and QB (39.9 mg/g). The Cr removal by QB/MNPs was higher than QB/Acid and QB. Results revealed that the highest Cr removal was obtained at optimum pH 4, 25 mg/L, and 2 g/L dosage. The FTIR spectra displayed various functional groups on adsorbents surface serving as a potential scaffold to remove Cr from contaminated water. The equilibrium and kinetic Cr adsorption data best fitted with Freundlich and pseudo-second order models, respectively (R2 ≥ 0.96). The QB/MNPs showed excellent reusability in five adsorption/desorption cycles (4.7% decline) with minor leaching of Fe (below threshold level). The coexisting ions in groundwater showed an inhibitory effect on Cr sequestration (5%) from water. The comparison of Cr adsorption by QB/MNPs and QB/Acid showed better potential for Cr sequestration than various previously explored adsorbents in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Amin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah A Al-Kahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Ruud J Schotting
- Environmental Hydrogeology Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Salata R, Melo VF, Batista LFA, Abate G, Azevedo AC. Atrazine adsorption and desorption on functionalized montmorillonite: aluminum-pillared and lithium saturated. J Environ Sci Health B 2022; 57:980-988. [PMID: 36537054 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2157175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is an herbicide used worldwide, and it is considered a severe environmental contaminant. The present study aims to evaluate the atrazine adsorption in aqueous media in montmorillonite samples which were either in natural state or functionalized through saturation with lithium and pillarization with aluminum by different methods. Montmorillonite saturated with lithium adsorbed significantly more atrazine than the natural montmorillonite sample. Among the samples obtained through the three aluminum-pillarization methods, the mass percentage of adsorbed atrazine was very similar. However, the best combination was the aluminum-pillarization (due to the maintenance of the open interlayer region) and saturation with lithium (due to the significant reduction of the cation exchange capacity of the mineral), because both processes facilitate the interaction of atrazine with the montmorillonite. Another advantage was that the adsorption of atrazine in the pillared and lithium saturated samples had small desorption, which is desirable in the environmental perspective. It is recommended to build filters with aluminum-hydroxy pillared, lithium saturated montmorillonite as an alternative method to rapidly remove atrazine from aqueous media. In addition to the shorter production time, this process resulted in montmorillonite with high occupancy rate and stability of the aluminum-hydroxy pillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane Salata
- Soil Science and Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Vander Freitas Melo
- Soil Science and Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Abate
- Department of Chemistry of Federal, University of Paraná State, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Brazil
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Duel P, Piña MDLN, Morey J. One-Pot Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Nanomaterials Based on Phytate-Coated Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of the Radioactive Metal Ions 90Sr, 90Y and (UO 2) 2+ from Water. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4383. [PMID: 36558236 PMCID: PMC9781934 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the fast (three minutes) synthesis of green nanoparticles based on nanoparticles coated with the natural organic receptor phytate for the recognition and capture of 90Sr, 90Y, and (UO2)2+. The new material shows excellent retention for (UO2)2+, 97%; these values were 73% and 100% for 90Sr and 90Y, respectively. Recovery of the three radioactive metal ions occurs through a non-competitive process. The new hybrid material is harmless, easy to prepare, and immobilizes these radioactive contaminants in water with great efficiency.
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Huang W, Kong R, Chen L, An Y. Physiological responses and antibiotic-degradation capacity of duckweed ( Lemna aequinoctialis) exposed to streptomycin. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1065199. [PMID: 36570884 PMCID: PMC9774486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic plants are constantly exposed to various water environmental pollutants. Few data on how antibiotics affect duckweed health and its removal ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of streptomycin on the physiological change and uptake capability in duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis) after exposure at different time points (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days). Duckweeds were exposed to streptomycin at a range of concentrations (0.1-10 mM). Results indicated that the high streptomycin concentrations (≥1 mM) resulted in a lower duckweed biomass (21.5-41.5%), RGR (0.258-0.336 g d-1), decrease in total Chl and increase in carotenoids. Antioxidative enzymes, including CAT (18-42.88 U mg protein-1), APX (0.41-0.76 U mg protein-1), and SOD (0.52-0.71 U mg protein-1) were found to accumulate in the streptomycin groups in comparison to the control group. The significant reduction (72-82%) in streptomycin content at 20 d compared to the control (40-55%) suggested that duckweed has a high ability in removing streptomycin. Transcriptome analysis showed that the secondary metabolic pathways including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly upregulated in the streptomycin setup compared to the control. Therefore, our findings suggested that duckweed can contribute to the streptomycin degradation, which should be highly recommended to the treatment of aquaculture wastewater and domestic sewage.
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Choo S, Lim H, Kim TE, Park J, Park KB, Park C, Lim CS, Nam J. A Continuous Microfluidic Concentrator for High-Sensitivity Detection of Bacteria in Water Sources. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1093. [PMID: 35888910 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water contamination is a critical issue that threatens global public health. To enable the rapid and precise monitoring of pathogen contamination in drinking water, a concentration technique for bacterial cells is required to address the limitations of current detection methods, including the culture method and polymerase chain reaction. Here we present a viscoelastic microfluidic device for the continuous concentration of bacterial cells. To validate the device performance for cell concentration, the flow characteristics of 2-μm particles were estimated in viscoelastic fluids at different concentrations and flow rates. Based on the particle flow distributions, the flow rate factor, which is defined as the ratio of the inlet flow rate to the outlet flow rate at the center outlet, was optimized to achieve highly concentrated bacterial cells by removal of the additional suspending medium. The flow characteristics of 0.5-, 0.7-, and 1.0-μm-diameter particles were evaluated to consider the effect of a wide spectrum of bacterial size distribution. Finally, the concentration factor of bacterial cells, Staphylococcus aureus, suspended in a 2000-ppm polyethylene oxide solution was found to be 20.6-fold at a flow rate of 20 μL/min and a flow rate factor of 40.
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22
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Stec J, Kosikowska U, Mendrycka M, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P, Bębnowska D, Hrynkiewicz R, Ziętara-Wysocka J, Grywalska E. Opportunistic Pathogens of Recreational Waters with Emphasis on Antimicrobial Resistance-A Possible Subject of Human Health Concern. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19127308. [PMID: 35742550 PMCID: PMC9224392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by exposure to opportunistic pathogens can cause serious health problems during recreational water use. The problem of diseases caused by microbes transmitted by water is a major public health challenge, especially in developing countries with economic problems and poor hygiene conditions. Moreover, the quality of water in natural reservoirs is often at a very low level in terms of microbiological water purity, which means that their use for recreational purposes, but also as a source of drinking water, may have serious health consequences. Recreational waters pose a threat to human health. Therefore, the quality of recreational waters is closely monitored in many jurisdictions. In this review, we summarize key information on the most common pathogens that can be water-based or waterborne. The issue of antimicrobial resistance among opportunistic pathogens remains equally important. It is important not only to fight pathogens, but also to take action to reduce chemical stressors (especially antibiotics) in the aquatic environment, and to understand the various mechanisms of the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.S.); (U.K.)
| | - Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.S.); (U.K.)
| | - Mariola Mendrycka
- Department of Nursing, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Dominika Bębnowska
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (P.N.-R.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rafał Hrynkiewicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (P.N.-R.); (R.H.)
| | | | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Kamara D, Bah D, Sesay M, Maruta A, Sesay BP, Fofanah BD, Kamara IF, Kanu JS, Lakoh S, Molleh B, Guth J, Sagili KD, Tavernor S, Wilkinson E. Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality and Bacterial Antibiotic Sensitivity in Wells and Standpipes at Household Water Points in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19116650. [PMID: 35682235 PMCID: PMC9180853 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Water quality surveillance can help to reduce waterborne diseases. Despite better access to safe drinking water in Sierra Leone, about a third of the population (3 million people) drink water from unimproved sources. In this cross-sectional study, we collected water samples from 15 standpipes and 5 wells and measured the physicochemical and bacteriological water quality, and the antimicrobial sensitivity of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in two communities in Freetown, Sierra Leone in the dry and wet seasons in 2021. All water sources were contaminated with E. coli, and all five wells and 25% of standpipes had at least an intermediate risk level of E. coli. There was no antimicrobial resistance detected in the E. coli tested. The nitrate level exceeded the WHO’s recommended standard (>10 parts per million) in 60% of the wells and in less than 20% of the standpipes. The proportion of samples from standpipes with high levels of total dissolved solids (>10 Nephelometric Turbidity Units) was much higher in the rainy season (73% vs. 7%). The level of water contamination is concerning. We suggest options to reduce E. coli contamination. Further research is required to identify where contamination of the water in standpipes is occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dauda Kamara
- Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Program, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone
- Directorate of Environmental Health & Sanitation, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone; (D.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +232-78-893-760
| | - Doris Bah
- Directorate of Environmental Health & Sanitation, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone; (D.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Momodu Sesay
- Directorate of Environmental Health & Sanitation, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone; (D.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Maruta
- World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone; (A.M.); (B.P.S.); (B.D.F.); (I.F.K.)
| | - Bockarie Pompey Sesay
- World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone; (A.M.); (B.P.S.); (B.D.F.); (I.F.K.)
| | - Bobson Derrick Fofanah
- World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone; (A.M.); (B.P.S.); (B.D.F.); (I.F.K.)
| | - Ibrahim Franklyn Kamara
- World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone; (A.M.); (B.P.S.); (B.D.F.); (I.F.K.)
| | - Joseph Sam Kanu
- National Disease Surveillance Program, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone National Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone;
- Department of Medicine, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone
| | - Sulaiman Lakoh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone;
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone
- Sustainable Health Systems Sierra Leone, 34 Military Research Center, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone;
| | - Bailah Molleh
- Sustainable Health Systems Sierra Leone, 34 Military Research Center, Freetown 00232, Sierra Leone;
| | - Jamie Guth
- Global Health Connections, Center Barnstead, Barnstead, NH 03225, USA;
| | - Karuna D. Sagili
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South East Asia Office, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Simon Tavernor
- School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK;
| | - Ewan Wilkinson
- Institute of Medicine, University of Chester, Chester CH2 1BR, UK;
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Hayer JJ, Heinemann C, Schulze-Dieckhoff BG, Steinhoff-Wagner J. A risk-oriented evaluation of biofilm and other influencing factors on biological quality of drinking water for dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac112. [PMID: 35390153 PMCID: PMC9115896 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of livestock drinking water quality on animal physiology, welfare, and performance, influences such as biofilm formation on trough surfaces on microbial water quality are rarely researched. The objective of this study was to assess the microbial quality of water offered to lactating dairy cows and identify risk factors for poor water quality. We further aimed to determine the impact of biofilm formation on water quality and evaluate rapid test systems to score the hygiene status of dairy troughs on the farm. A total of 105 troughs located on 24 typical Western German dairy farms were sampled. Samples of livestock drinking water and biofilm were analyzed for aerobic total viable count (TVC), coliform count (CC), Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and other bacteria resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins (CRB). Surface protein- and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-rapid tests were evaluated to detect biofilm formation. The influence of 22 selected fixed and variable trough characteristics on impaired livestock drinking water quality was evaluated by calculating odds ratios. The average TVC, CC, and E. coli counts were 4.4 ± 0.06 (mean ± SD), 1.7 ± 0.1, and 0.6 ± 0.1 log10 cfu per mL, respectively. CC was detectable in 94.3% of all water samples and E. coli in 48.6%. MRSA was found in pooled livestock drinking water samples of a single farm and CRB on three farms, suggesting that troughs might function as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, thereby contributing to an exchange of antibiotic-resistant bacteria between animals. Risk factors for the impairment of at least one microbial quality criteria (TVC, CC, or E. coli) increased significantly (P < 0.05) when using high-volume troughs, other trough materials than stainless steel, a lower distance to the milking parlor, heavy visible soiling, biofilm formation, and high ambient and high water temperatures. CC (r = 0.46; P < 0.001) and E. coli (r = 0.31; P < 0.01) of water samples correlated with their equivalent in biofilm and with the results of rapid tests on trough surfaces (0.31 > r > 0.19; P < 0.05). Addressing the identified risk factors could be an approach to ensure sufficient biological quality of livestock drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Hayer
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Céline Heinemann
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Baby R, Hussein MZ, Zainal Z, Abdullah AH. Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Kernel Shells for the Treatment of Simulated Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:3133. [PMID: 34835897 PMCID: PMC8618140 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in water poses a great risk to human health as well as to the lives of other creatures. Activated carbon is a useful material to be applied for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water. In this study, functionalized activated carbon (FAC) was produced by the induction of nitro groups onto activated carbon using nitric acid. The resulting material was characterized in detail using the XRD, Raman, BET, FTIR, and FESEM techniques. The FAC was used for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water using different adsorption parameters, i.e., solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and heavy metal ion concentrations, and these parameters were systematically optimized. It was found that FAC requires 90 min for the maximum adsorption of the heavy metal ions; Cr6+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+. The kinetic study revealed that the metal ion adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied to determine the best fitting adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption capacities were also determined for each metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Baby
- Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.B.); (Z.Z.); (A.H.A.)
- Department of Education, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, Sindh 65200, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.B.); (Z.Z.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Zulkarnain Zainal
- Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.B.); (Z.Z.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Abdul Halim Abdullah
- Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (R.B.); (Z.Z.); (A.H.A.)
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Rodrigues NM, Batista JE, Mariano P, Fonseca V, Duarte B, Silva S. Artificial Intelligence Meets Marine Ecotoxicology: Applying Deep Learning to Bio-Optical Data from Marine Diatoms Exposed to Legacy and Emerging Contaminants. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:932. [PMID: 34571809 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Our work is motivated by the increasing production of chemicals with environmentally harmful effects to our aquatic ecosystems. We show that it is possible to detect and distinguish the presence of several different emerging contaminants, using the photochemical responses of a microalgae species, which is among the most abundant phytoplankton group in the oceans. We use several machine learning and deep learning models that operate on chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves, which are composed of fluorescence values taken at different time steps from the microalgae exposure trials, achieving up to 97.65% accuracy when predicting the type of contaminant, and up to 100% in several cases when predicting the exposure concentration. Our results show the combination of these models with the fluorescence induction curves creates a powerful tool for ecotoxicity assessment, capable of classifying model organisms for their contaminant exposure, both in terms of type and concentration, opening new doors for toxicophenomics developments. Abstract Over recent decades, the world has experienced the adverse consequences of uncontrolled development of multiple human activities. In recent years, the total production of chemicals has been composed of environmentally harmful compounds, the majority of which have significant environmental impacts. These emerging contaminants (ECs) include a wide range of man-made chemicals (such as pesticides, cosmetics, personal and household care products, pharmaceuticals), which are of worldwide use. Among these, several ECs raised concerns regarding their ecotoxicological effects and how to assess them efficiently. This is of particular interest if marine diatoms are considered as potential target species, due to their widespread distribution, being the most abundant phytoplankton group in the oceans, and also being responsible for key ecological roles. Bio-optical ecotoxicity methods appear as reliable, fast, and high-throughput screening (HTS) techniques, providing large datasets with biological relevance on the mode of action of these ECs in phototrophic organisms, such as diatoms. However, from the large datasets produced, only a small amount of data are normally extracted for physiological evaluation, leaving out a large amount of information on the ECs exposure. In the present paper, we use all the available information and evaluate the application of several machine learning and deep learning algorithms to predict the exposure of model organisms to different ECs under different doses, using a model marine diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) as a test organism. The results show that 2D convolutional neural networks are the best method to predict the type of EC to which the cultures were exposed, achieving a median accuracy of 97.65%, while Rocket is the best at predicting which concentration the cultures were subjected to, achieving a median accuracy of 100%.
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Iqbal N, Agrawal A, Verma A, Kumar J. Encapsulation of water soluble pesticides for extended delivery of pesticides without contaminating water bodies. J Environ Sci Health B 2021; 56:458-466. [PMID: 33999755 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1908798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to develop polymeric encapsulated formulation for the water soluble broad-spectrum pesticides. Pesticides contaminate the environment in different ways but foremost hazards are linked with the contamination of water bodies. Water soluble pesticides are the major deleterious agents and go off into ground water and different water bodies through leaching or surface runoff from the applied places. Besides this some of the water soluble pesticides are broad-spectrum, but proper methods and techniques are not available for their effective and safe usage, all broad-spectrum pesticide are disappearing from the pesticide lists every year. Hence, the present study is based on development of encapsulated formulation for water soluble broad-spectrum pesticide i.e. Monocrotophos. In this study, water soluble pesticide was encapsulated in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer along with surfactants and cross linker. The developed microspheres were analyzed in HPLC for calculating loading capacity and encapsulation efficacy, these were calculated 0.75 and 90% respectively. The FT-IR data results confirmed that the monocrotophos successfully encapsulated in the PVA polymer with respective bands. The degradation studies show that in encapsulated formulation monocrotophos degradation was found only 10% after 94 hrs. Optical micrographs in aqeous solution indicate spherical shapes with size in the rage of 7-8 µm of encapsulated formulation. XRD data further crystalline nature of polymeric encapsulated formulation. The study may provide a new corridor to save the broad-spectrum water soluble pesticides which are on the verge to be banned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Iqbal
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram, India
| | - Amrish Agrawal
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram, India
| | - Anil Verma
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology (IPFT), Gurugram, India
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Sousa T, Costa M, Sarmento P, Manso MC, Abreu C, Bull TJ, Cabeda J, Sarmento A. DNA-based detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in domestic and municipal water from Porto (Portugal), an area of high IBD prevalence. AIMS Microbiol 2021; 7:163-174. [PMID: 34250373 PMCID: PMC8255903 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2021011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) may play a role in the pathology of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previously, we found a high frequency (98% in patients with active disease) of MAP DNA detection in the blood of Portuguese Crohn's Disease patients, suggesting this cohort has high exposure to MAP organisms. Water is an important route for MAP dissemination, in this study we therefore aimed to assess MAP contamination within water sources in Porto area (the residential area of our IBD study cohort). Water and biofilms were collected in a wide variety of locations within the Porto area, including taps connected to domestic water sources and from municipal water distribution systems. Baseline samples were collected in early autumn plus further domestic water samples in early winter, to assess the effect of winter rainfall. DNA was extracted from all 131 samples and IS900-based nested PCR used to assess the frequency of MAP presence. Our results show high MAP positivity in municipal water sources (20.7% of water samples and 41.4% of biofilm samples) and even higher amongst domestic sources (30.8% of water samples and 50% of biofilm samples). MAP positivity in biofilms correlated with positivity in water samples from the same sources. A significantly higher frequency of MAP-positivity was observed during winter rains as compared with samples collected in autumn prior to the winter rainfall period (61.9% versus 30.8%). We conclude that domestic and municipal water sources of Porto region have a high burden of MAP contamination and this prevalence increases with rainfall. We hypothesize that human exposure to MAP from local water supplies is commonplace and represents a major route for MAP transmission and challenge which, if positively linked to disease pathology, may contribute to the observed high prevalence of IBD in Porto district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Sousa
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296 - 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296 - 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Costa
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296 - 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296 - 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Sarmento
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Conceição Manso
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296 - 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296 - 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Abreu
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296 - 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296 - 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tim J. Bull
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - José Cabeda
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296 - 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa, Rua Delfim Maia, 334 – 4200-253 Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Amélia Sarmento
- FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296 - 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296 - 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 - 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Pakzad D, Akbari V, Sepand MR, Aliomrani M. Risk of neurodegenerative disease due to tau phosphorylation changes and arsenic exposure via drinking water. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:325-333. [PMID: 33884182 PMCID: PMC8045564 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that around 140 million people are drinking highly contaminated water with arsenic (As) as a natural earth's crust component. On the other hand, the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease, is constantly increasing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between oral arsenic trioxide exposure and its impact on tau protein phosphorylation at Ser262. Fifty-four male mice were randomly divided into three groups and were freely accessed to food and contaminated water of 1 and 10 ppm arsenic trioxide for 3 months, except for control subjects. At the end of each month, As concentration and tau phosphorylation were checked with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer and western blot analysis, respectively. Surprisingly, it was observed that the amount of measured brain arsenic in 10 ppm-exposed subjects was significantly increased after 3 months (P-value ˂ 0.0001). The significant changes in tau phosphorylation were not seen in the 1 ppm-exposed subjects, and it was observed that Ser262 phosphorylation significantly increased after 2 and 3 months in the 10 ppm group (P-value < 0.05). Our results demonstrated that arsenic accumulated in the brain time-dependently and increased Ser262 tau phosphorylation, which is very important in several tauopathies. In conclusion, it could be inferred that environmental arsenic exposure even at very low concentrations could be considered as a reason for increasing the risk of developing neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Pakzad
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
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Baig N, Saleh TA. Photochemically Produced Superhydrophobic Silane@polystyrene-Coated Polypropylene Fibrous Network for Oil/Water Separation. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:329-341. [PMID: 33453081 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cost-effective separation of oil and immiscible organic contaminants from water has become an urgent challenge to protect aquatic and human life from devastating effects. Therefore, it has become imperative to develop super-selective materials for efficiently separating oil from water. In this work, a superhydrophobic surface has been formed that consists of a silane@polystyrene-coated polypropylene fibrous network (silane@PS-PPF) for efficient separation of accidentally spilled oil from water. The superhydrophobic PPFs were designed by a simple, cost-effective two-step process that includes photochemically controlled polymerization of styrene and subsequent dip coating in octadecyltrichlorosilane solution. The hydrophobic surface (CA=129°±4°) of the PS coated PPF after treating with silane was turned into a superhydrophobic body (CA=161°±2°). The achieved silane@PS-PPF fibrous network selectively allowed the fast permeation of the oils and non-polar organic liquids by altogether rejecting water during operation. The separation efficiency for various oils from the contaminated water was 96 to 99%, with a high flux in the range of 7606±312 L m-2 h-1 to 9870±151 L m-2 h-1 . Apart from being used as a filter, the silane@PS-PPF was also used as an oil absorber and has shown an absorption capacity in the range of 1185 to 1535% for various oils. We anticipate that the developed silane@PS-PPF, due to its facile synthetic route, cost-effectiveness, and high performance, can be effectively used in oily wastewater treatment and clean-up of large oil spills from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Baig
- Center of Research Excellence in Desalination & Water Treatment, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Center for Environment and Water, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Lima do Rêgo E, Santos da Silva JD, Costa Nakamura T, Diniz PHGD, Oliveira UR, Souza JRD. Distribution of organochlorine, organophosphates, carbamate, thiocarbamate, pyrethroids, and strobilurins in surface sediments of the Rio de Ondas watershed by GC-MS. J Environ Sci Health B 2021; 56:357-369. [PMID: 34011245 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1885263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The determination of some pesticides in surface sediments can provide important information about their distribution in the water column. This work aimed to determine the distribution of the classes of pesticides along the Ondas River's hydrographic basin (ORHB), in eighteen different points, during the dry and rainy periods. The pesticides were extracted from the sediment samples by solid-liquid extraction and then analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometry. After the development and validation of the method, nineteen pesticides from the group of organochlorine, organophosphates, carbamate and thiocarbamate, pyrethroids, and strobilurins were quantified in at least one point in the two collection periods, with accuracy varying between 86 and 126%. The average concentrations were 0.020 ng g-1 (carbofuran) to 249.123 ng g-1 (dimethoate) and 0.029 ng g-1 (carbofuran and sulfotep) to 533.522 ng g-1 in the dry and rainy periods, respectively. The results showed a wide distribution of pesticide residues in the ORHB, with higher levels for dimethoate, phenitrothion, and malathion, which may be related to their agricultural use in the region. In Brazil, it does not have specific legislation for maximum permitted values of pesticides in sediment, allowing for inappropriate or prohibited use and, consequently, affecting water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoc Lima do Rêgo
- Institute of Chemical, Graduate Program in Chemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technologies, Graduate Program in Chemistry Pure and Applied, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
- Department of Human Sciences, State University of Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - José Domingos Santos da Silva
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technologies, Graduate Program in Chemistry Pure and Applied, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Thamilin Costa Nakamura
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technologies, Graduate Program in Chemistry Pure and Applied, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Center for Energy and Environment, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Gonçalves Dias Diniz
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technologies, Graduate Program in Chemistry Pure and Applied, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Uldérico Rios Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Center for Energy and Environment, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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33
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Cristaldi A, Fiore M, Zuccarello P, Oliveri Conti G, Grasso A, Nicolosi I, Copat C, Ferrante M. Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) for Microplastic Removal: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8014. [PMID: 33143273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is widely used for human activities (food packaging, medical, technological devices, etc.) and there is a growing concern regarding the risks for environmental and human health because they have still not been fully evaluated. Particularly, microplastics (primary and secondary) are present in all environmental compartments and this poses a potential threat because of their entry into the food chain. Furthermore, microplastics can absorb numerous pollutants that can be accumulated in the human body through bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes. We carried out a systematic review using a PRISMA approach to verify the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for microplastic removal. The international databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus) were used to find published studies on efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for microplastic removal. The search period was between January 2010 and June 2020. Over 1000 full research papers were initially selected through the use of keywords. After that, the papers were further selected by English language, title, and abstract, and duplicate papers and non-relevant papers were eliminated according to eligibility criteria. Finally, we included 15 full research papers. In each of the 15 full research papers selected, the microplastics identified were categorized by the authors for shape, size, and type of polymers identified. The characterization of the various types of microplastics was performed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) or Raman spectroscopy. We have observed how wastewater treatments plants located in different continents (Europe, Asia, North America) mostly use a primary and secondary type of treatment that allows one to reach a high percentage of microplastics removal from wastewater. Most of the wastewater treatments plants investigated reported a microplastics removal efficiency greater than 90%, but despite this, millions of microplastics continue to be released every day into the aquatic environment. Then, in the near future, efficient and common standardized protocols for monitoring MPs should be drawn up, as well as increasing the knowledge of sources and strategies to further reduce microplastics contamination of treated wastewater.
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Labadi Z, Kalas B, Saftics A, Illes L, Jankovics H, Bereczk-Tompa É, Sebestyén A, Tóth É, Kakasi B, Moldovan C, Firtat B, Gartner M, Gheorghe M, Vonderviszt F, Fried M, Petrik P. Sensing Layer for Ni Detection in Water Created by Immobilization of Bioengineered Flagellar Nanotubes on Gold Surfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3811-3820. [PMID: 33463317 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The environmental monitoring of Ni is targeted at a threshold limit value of 0.34 μM, as set by the World Health Organization. This sensitivity target can usually only be met by time-consuming and expensive laboratory measurements. There is a need for inexpensive, field-applicable methods, even if they are only used for signaling the necessity of a more accurate laboratory investigation. In this work, bioengineered, protein-based sensing layers were developed for Ni detection in water. Two bacterial Ni-binding flagellin variants were fabricated using genetic engineering, and their applicability as Ni-sensitive biochip coatings was tested. Nanotubes of mutant flagellins were built by in vitro polymerization. A large surface density of the nanotubes on the sensor surface was achieved by covalent immobilization chemistry based on a dithiobis(succimidyl propionate) cross-linking method. The formation and density of the sensing layer was monitored and verified by spectroscopic ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements revealed a Ni sensitivity below 1 μM. It was also shown that, even after two months of storage, the used sensors can be regenerated and reused by rinsing in a 10 mM solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Labadi
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest 1121, Hungary
| | - Benjamin Kalas
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest 1121, Hungary
| | - Andras Saftics
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest 1121, Hungary
| | - Levente Illes
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest 1121, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Jankovics
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - Éva Bereczk-Tompa
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - Anett Sebestyén
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - Éva Tóth
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kakasi
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - Carmen Moldovan
- National Institute for Research & Development in Microtechnologies, Bucharest 077190, Romania
| | - Bogdan Firtat
- National Institute for Research & Development in Microtechnologies, Bucharest 077190, Romania
| | - Mariuca Gartner
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest 060021, Romania
| | | | - Ferenc Vonderviszt
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest 1121, Hungary.,Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - Miklos Fried
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest 1121, Hungary.,Institute of Microelectronics and Technology, Óbuda University, Budapest 1034, Hungary
| | - Peter Petrik
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest 1121, Hungary
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Abstract
Dental clinics, furnished with an array of specialized equipment, are commonplace, particularly in industrialized countries. Minimizing the risk of infection at the dental practice requires the formulation and implementation of strict protocols. These protocols must address the real risk posed by water contamination, particularly given that water is both integral to the function of some dental equipment, and is typically administered directly to the patient. The water in the dental clinic may be of local origin or from a water main, this can be problematic since the clinician often has little assurance regarding the quality of water reaching the dental chair. Though most modern dental equipment includes self-sterilization protocols, care must be taken that water does not stagnate anywhere in the dental equipment or clinic. The management of water quality at the dental clinic is an important part of respecting the protocols needed to manage the risk of patient infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria, 98100 Messina, Italy
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36
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Roubicek DA, Rech CM, Umbuzeiro GA. Mutagenicity as a parameter in surface water monitoring programs-opportunity for water quality improvement. Environ Mol Mutagen 2020; 61:200-211. [PMID: 31294883 DOI: 10.1002/em.22316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effect-based analyses are being recognized as excellent tools to a comprehensive and reliable water quality evaluation to complement physical and chemical parameters. The Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test was introduced in the São Paulo State water quality-monitoring program in 1999 and waters from 104 sites used to the production of drinking water were analyzed. Samples were tested after organic extraction, using the microsuspension version of the Salmonella/microsome assay with strains TA98 and TA100 with and without S9-mammalian metabolic system. Of the 1720 water samples analyzed in 20 years, 20% were positive; TA98 was the most sensitive strain, detecting alone 99%. Results were presented in hazard categories to facilitate water managers' understanding and general public communication. Hot spots of mutagenicity were identified, and pollution sources investigated. A flow scheme with instructions of how to proceed in case of mutagenic samples was developed and implemented in the monitoring program. Enforcement actions were taken to reduce exposure of humans and aquatic biota to mutagenic compounds. The results presented provide scientific basis for the incorporation of the Salmonella/microsome assay in a regulatory framework, and to guide water-quality managers. The inclusion of a mutagenicity assay using standardized conditions proved to be an opportunity to improve the quality of water, and the strategy presented here could be applied by any environmental agency around the world. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:200-211, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Célia M Rech
- São Paulo State Environmental Agency, CETESB, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisela A Umbuzeiro
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil
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37
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Kadri SM, Rehman SU, Rehana K, Benetou DR, Ahmad DF, Abdullah A, Chattu VK. Hepatitis A and E Outbreak Surveillance during 2015-2017 in Kashmir, India: Is the Water to Blame? J Epidemiol Glob Health 2019; 8:203-207. [PMID: 30864764 PMCID: PMC7377564 DOI: 10.2991/j.jegh.2018.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterborne diseases, such as hepatitis A and E, are a major public health concern in most developing countries, indicating the need for proper outbreak prevention, surveillance, and timely management. This study presents data regarding the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A and E outbreaks as well as water quality in Kashmir, India, during 2015–2017. Hepatitis outbreaks were initially investigated by rapid response teams, under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme. Suspected cases were further evaluated by blood sampling to confirm the disease along with water sampling evaluation. Between 2015 and 2017, 23 disease outbreaks were recorded; among these, four outbreaks occurred in 2015, 12 in 2016, and seven in 2017. Specifically, 12 of the total outbreaks were concerned with hepatitis A infection, 10 concerned hepatitis E infection, and one involved eight cases of jaundice with neither hepatitis A virus nor hepatitis A virus detected in blood sampling. Overall, during the aforementioned period, 393 cases of hepatitis A or E were detected. Regarding water quality, which was evaluated using the most probable number method for counting coliform, 38 of 50 water samples were found to be unfit for human consumption and one source was found to be suspicious. This study of prevalence and epidemiology of hepatitis A and E along with its relationship with water quality and socioeconomic factors, such as poor hygiene and lack of access to safe water, aids toward the implementation of effective preventive sanitary measures and public health actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kausar Rehana
- Division of Epidemiology, Directorate of Health Services, Kashmir, India
| | | | | | - Afshan Abdullah
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, Barzulla, Kashmir, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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38
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Campa MF, Techtmann SM, Ladd MP, Yan J, Patterson M, Garcia de Matos Amaral A, Carter KE, Ulrich N, Grant CJ, Hettich RL, Lamendella R, Hazen TC. Surface Water Microbial Community Response to the Biocide 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide, Used in Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01336-19. [PMID: 31444200 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01336-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Unconventional oil and gas activity can affect pH, total organic carbon, and microbial communities in surface water, altering their ability to respond to new environmental and/or anthropogenic perturbations. These findings demonstrate that 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), a common hydraulic fracturing (HF) biocide, affects microbial communities differently as a consequence of past HF exposure, persisting longer in HF-impacted (HF+) waters. These findings also demonstrate that DBNPA has low efficacy in environmental microbial communities regardless of HF impact. These findings are of interest, as understanding microbial responses is key for formulating remediation strategies in unconventional oil and gas (UOG)-impacted environments. Moreover, some DBNPA degradation by-products are even more toxic and recalcitrant than DBNPA itself, and this work identifies novel brominated degradation by-products formed. Production of unconventional oil and gas continues to rise, but the effects of high-density hydraulic fracturing (HF) activity near aquatic ecosystems are not fully understood. A commonly used biocide in HF, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), was studied in microcosms of HF-impacted (HF+) versus HF-unimpacted (HF−) surface water streams to (i) compare the microbial community response, (ii) investigate DBNPA degradation products based on past HF exposure, and (iii) compare the microbial community response differences and similarities between the HF biocides DBNPA and glutaraldehyde. The microbial community responded to DBNPA differently in HF-impacted versus HF-unimpacted microcosms in terms of the number of 16S rRNA gene copies quantified, alpha and beta diversity, and differential abundance analyses of microbial community composition through time. The differences in microbial community changes affected degradation dynamics. HF-impacted microbial communities were more sensitive to DBNPA, causing the biocide and by-products of the degradation to persist for longer than in HF-unimpacted microcosms. A total of 17 DBNPA by-products were detected, many of them not widely known as DBNPA by-products. Many of the brominated by-products detected that are believed to be uncharacterized may pose environmental and health impacts. Similar taxa were able to tolerate glutaraldehyde and DBNPA; however, DBNPA was not as effective for microbial control, as indicated by a smaller overall decrease of 16S rRNA gene copies/ml after exposure to the biocide, and a more diverse set of taxa was able to tolerate it. These findings suggest that past HF activity in streams can affect the microbial community response to environmental perturbation such as that caused by the biocide DBNPA. IMPORTANCE Unconventional oil and gas activity can affect pH, total organic carbon, and microbial communities in surface water, altering their ability to respond to new environmental and/or anthropogenic perturbations. These findings demonstrate that 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), a common hydraulic fracturing (HF) biocide, affects microbial communities differently as a consequence of past HF exposure, persisting longer in HF-impacted (HF+) waters. These findings also demonstrate that DBNPA has low efficacy in environmental microbial communities regardless of HF impact. These findings are of interest, as understanding microbial responses is key for formulating remediation strategies in unconventional oil and gas (UOG)-impacted environments. Moreover, some DBNPA degradation by-products are even more toxic and recalcitrant than DBNPA itself, and this work identifies novel brominated degradation by-products formed.
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Campos FVD, Oliveira JAD, Silva AAD, Ribeiro C, Montoya SG, Farnese FDS. Involvement of glutathione and glutathione metabolizing enzymes in Pistia stratiotes tolerance to arsenite. Int J Phytoremediation 2019; 22:404-411. [PMID: 31538487 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1667951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione is essential for plant tolerance to arsenic but few studies have focused on the coordination between the enzymes involved in its metabolism. We exposed Pistia stratiotes to four treatments (control, 5, 10 and 20 µM AsIII) for 24 h to evaluate the role of glutathione metabolism in arsenic response and determined the arsenic uptake, growth, membrane integrity, glutathione concentration and enzyme activities (γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase). Despite absorbing high concentrations of AsIII, plants maintained growth and cell membrane integrity when exposed to concentrations of up to 10 µM AsIII. The maintenance of these parameters involved glutathione concentration increase due to an increase in its biosynthetic pathway (higher γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase). In addition, an increase in the activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase also contributed to the conserve the cellular homeostasis. However, at the concentration of 20 µM AsIII, the high toxicity of AsIII affected glutathione concentration and glutathione metabolizing enzymes activities, which resulted in drastic decrease in growth and damage to cell membranes. These results showed that not only the glutathione concentration but also the coordination of the enzymes involved in the synthesis, oxidation and reduction pathways of glutathione is essential for AsIII tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cleberson Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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40
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Li C, Zhang X, Gao X, Qi S, Wang Y. The Potential Environmental Impact of PAHs on Soil and Water Resources in Air Deposited Coal Refuse Sites in Niangziguan Karst Catchment, Northern China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E1368. [PMID: 30995758 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-term deposition of coal spoil piles may lead to serious pollution of soil and water resources in the dumping sites and surrounding areas. Karst aquifers are highly sensitive to environmental pollution. In this study, the occurrence and release/mobilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coal waste and coal spoils fire gas mineral (CSFGM) were evaluated by field and indoor investigations at Yangquan city, one of the major coal mining districts in the karst areas of northern China. Field investigations showed that dumping of coal waste over decades has resulted in soil and water pollution via spontaneous combustion and leaching of coal spoil piles. Indoor analysis revealed that the 2-ring and 3-ring PAHs contribute to 65-80% of the total PAHs in coal spoils, with naphthalene (Nap), Chrysene (Chr), and Phenanthrene (Phe) as the dominant compounds. Based on a heating/burning simulation experiment, the production of PAHs is temperature-dependent and mainly consists of low-ring PAHs: 2-ring, 3-ring, and part of the 4-ring PAHs. The PAHs in the leachate are light-PAHs (Nap, 20.06 ng/L; Phe, 4.76 ng/L) with few heavy-PAHs. The distribution modes of PAHs in two soil profiles suggest that the precipitation caused downward movement of PAHs and higher mobility of light-PAHs.
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41
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Din MI, Nabi AG, Hussain Z, Arshad M, Intisar A, Sharif A, Ahmed E, Mehmood HA, Mirza ML. Innovative Seizure of Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Water Purification: A Critical Review of Potential Risks. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:534-541. [PMID: 30739482 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1564647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Water contamination is a worldwide critical issue for the present society to avoid competition and maintain an environmentally friendly scenario. Removal of various pollutants including inorganic and organic compounds from water is a big challenge nowadays. Worldwide attention to promote polluted water and technologies related to its treatment has been adversely increased. The utilization of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) for this purpose has gained much attention due to its exceptional properties imparted by reduced size and effective surface area. Moreover, metal/metal oxide NPs-based innovation for improved expulsion productivity is an ingenious area for research and development but the use of such NPs presents some serious risks. Herein, the advanced requisition of NPs for polluted water treatment is highlighted along with the difficulties related to them and their toxic impacts when used as water purifiers. Additionally, the plausible fate of metal/metal oxide NPs incorporated in the water for purification and salient future challenges are deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amna Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Zaib Hussain
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Azeem Intisar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Sharif
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
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Almberg KS, Turyk ME, Jones RM, Rankin K, Freels S, Stayner LT. Atrazine Contamination of Drinking Water and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Community Water Systems with Elevated Atrazine in Ohio, 2006⁻2008. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E1889. [PMID: 30200320 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Atrazine, a common water contaminant in the U.S., has been associated with adverse birth outcomes in previous studies. This study aimed to determine if atrazine concentrations in drinking water are associated with adverse birth outcomes including small for gestational age (SGA), term low birth weight (term LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), preterm birth (PTB), and very preterm birth (VPTB). This study included 14,445 live singleton births from Ohio communities served by 22 water systems enrolled in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Atrazine Monitoring Program between 2006 and 2008. Mean gestational and trimester-specific atrazine concentrations were calculated. Significantly increased odds of term LBW birth was associated with atrazine exposure over the entire gestational period (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10, 1.45), as well as the first (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08, 1.34) and second trimesters (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07, 1.20) of pregnancy. We observed no evidence of an association between atrazine exposure via drinking water and SGA, VLBW, PTB, or VPTB. Our results suggest that atrazine exposure is associated with reduced birth weight among term infants and that exposure to atrazine in drinking water in early and mid-pregnancy may be most critical for its toxic effects on the fetus.
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Chidya RCG, Abdel-Dayem SM, Takeda K, Sakugawa H. Spatio-temporal variations of selected pesticide residues in the Kurose River in Higashi-Hiroshima city, Japan. J Environ Sci Health B 2018; 53:602-614. [PMID: 30036130 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1473972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated spatio-temporal variations of selected pesticide residues in the Kurose River in Higashi-Hiroshima city (Hiroshima Prefecture), Japan. Water samples were collected from the river at seven sites every month for 1 year (March 2016 to February 2017). Pesticide residues were extracted from the samples by a solid phase extraction using Sep Pack C18 cartridges. Once extracted, the samples were analyzed for cyanazine, simetryn, fenarimol, isoprothiolane, and diazinon using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet visible (HPLC-UV Vis) system. The limits of detection were 3.60, 4.10, 2.80, 6.50, and 7.30 ng L-1 for cyanazine, simetryn, fenarimol, isoprothiolane, and diazinon, respectively. Good recovery rates (88%-102%), and mean percent relative standard deviation range (1.00%-5.70%) (n = 6) were obtained with a spiking at 0.20 µg L-1. The maximum concentrations of 282, 391, 60, 1086, and 1194 ng L-1 were obtained for cyanazine, simetryn, isoprothiolane, fenarimol, and diazinon, respectively. Cyanazine was the most frequently detected pesticide (64% of the samples, n = 84), followed by simetryn (58%), and then diazinon (57%). The highest and lowest pesticide concentrations were measured during the periods May-June, and January-February, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed three principal components in which the pesticides were linked to dissolved organic matter and total suspended solids. The major water quality parameters (electrical conductivity, pH, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO2-, and temperature) showed no clear trends for these pesticides. The presence of simetryn and isoprothiolane was largely attributed to rice paddy farms, whereas diazinon was associated mostly with vegetable farms and orchards. The diazinon and isoprothiolane patterns were consistent with their use of controlling insects and fungi in the prefecture. The maximum diazinon concentration detected was higher than the human safe level specified by the European Union (100 ng L-1) in Council Directive 98/83/EC. This is of concern because of the bioconcentration potential of these residues in fish and other marine animals consumed by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel C G Chidya
- a Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
- b Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Water Resources Management and Development , Mzuzu University , Luwinga, Mzuzu 2, Malawi
| | - Sherif M Abdel-Dayem
- a Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
- c Department of Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Agriculture , Kafr El-Sheikh University , Kafr El-Sheikh , Egypt
| | - Kazuhiko Takeda
- a Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakugawa
- a Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
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Esseili MA, Meulia T, Saif LJ, Wang Q. Tissue Distribution and Visualization of Internalized Human Norovirus in Leafy Greens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00292-18. [PMID: 29625983 PMCID: PMC5981073 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00292-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce has been implicated in human norovirus (HuNoV) outbreaks. The virus is stable on the leaf surface for at least 2 weeks; however, the dynamics of virus internalization have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the internalization and distribution of HuNoV and two surrogate viruses, porcine sapovirus (SaV) and Tulane virus (TV), in lettuce and spinach. Viral inoculations through the roots of seedlings and the petiole of leaves from mature plants were performed, and the viruses were tracked on days 1 and 6 post-root inoculation and at 16 h and 72 h post-petiole inoculation. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize root-internalized HuNoV. In both lettuce and spinach, (i) HuNoV was internalized into the roots and leaves at similar RNA titers, whereas surrogate viruses were more restricted to the roots, (ii) all three viruses were stable inside the roots and leaves for at least 6 days, and (iii) HuNoV disseminated similarly inside the central veins and leaf lamina, whereas surrogate viruses were more restricted to the central veins. Infectious TV, but not SaV, was detectable in all tissues, suggesting that TV has greater stability than SaV. HuNoV was visualized inside the roots' vascular bundle and the leaf mesophyll of both plants. In conclusion, using surrogate viruses may underestimate the level of HuNoV internalization into edible leaves. The internalization of HuNoV through roots and cut leaves and the dissemination into various spinach and lettuce tissues raise concerns of internal contamination through irrigation and/or wash water.IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses are the leading cause of foodborne outbreaks, with lettuce being implicated in the majority of outbreaks. The virus causes acute gastroenteritis in all age groups, with more severe symptoms in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients, contributing to over 200,000 deaths worldwide annually. The majority of deaths due to HuNoV occur in the developing world, where limited sanitation exists along with poor wastewater treatment facilities, resulting in the contamination of water resources that are often used for irrigation. Our study confirms the ability of lettuce and spinach to internalize HuNoV from contaminated water through the roots into the edible leaves. Since these leafy greens are consumed with minimal processing that targets only surface pathogens, the internalized HuNoV presents an added risk to consumers. Thus, preventive measures should be in place to limit the contamination of irrigation water. In addition, better processing technologies are needed to inactivate internalized viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak A Esseili
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Tea Meulia
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, USA
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Bijelic-Donova J, Flett A, Lassila LVJ, Vallittu PK. Immediate Repair Bond Strength of Fiber-reinforced Composite after Saliva or Water Contamination. J Adhes Dent 2018; 20:205-212. [PMID: 29854993 DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a40515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of particulate filler composite (PFC) to saliva- or water-contaminated fiber-reinforced composite (FRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS One type of FRC substrate with semi-interpenetrating polymer matrix (semi-IPN) (everStick C&B) was used in this investigation. A microhybrid PFC (Filtek Z250) substrate served as control. Freshly cured PFC and FRC substrates were first subjected to different contamination and surface cleaning treatments, then the microhybrid PFC restorative material (Filtek Z250) was built up on the substrates in 2-mm increments and light cured. Uncontaminated and saliva- or water-contaminated substrate surfaces were either left untreated or were cleaned via phosphoric acid etching or water spray accompanied with or without adhesive composite application prior applying the adherent PFC material. SBS was evaluated after thermocycling the specimens (6000 cycles, 5°C and 55°C). RESULTS Three-way ANOVA showed that both the surface contamination and the surface treatment signficantly affected the bond strength (p < 0.05). Saliva contamination reduced the SBS more than did the water contamination. SBS loss after saliva contamination was 73.7% and 31.3% for PFC and FRC, respectively. After water contamination, SBS loss was 17.2% and 13.3% for PFC and FRC, respectively. The type of surface treatment was significant for PFC (p < 0.05), but not for FRC (p = 0.572). CONCLUSION Upon contamination of freshly cured PFC or semi-IPN FRC, surfaces should be re-prepared via phosphoric acid etching, water cleaning, drying, and application of adhesive composite in order to recover optimal bond strength.
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Melnik S, Neumann AC, Karongo R, Dirndorfer S, Stübler M, Ibl V, Niessner R, Knopp D, Stoger E. Cloning and plant-based production of antibody MC10E7 for a lateral flow immunoassay to detect [4-arginine]microcystin in freshwater. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:27-38. [PMID: 28421663 PMCID: PMC5785354 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibody MC10E7 is one of a small number of monoclonal antibodies that bind specifically to [Arg4]-microcystins, and it can be used to survey natural water sources and food samples for algal toxin contamination. However, the development of sensitive immunoassays in different test formats, particularly user-friendly tests for on-site analysis, requires a sensitive but also cost-effective antibody. The original version of MC10E7 was derived from a murine hybridoma, but we determined the sequence of the variable regions using the peptide mass-assisted cloning strategy and expressed a scFv (single-chain variable fragment) format of this antibody in yeast and a chimeric full-size version in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana to facilitate inexpensive and scalable production. The specific antigen-binding activity of the purified antibody was verified by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and ELISA, confirming the same binding specificity as its hybridoma-derived counterpart. The plant-derived antibody was used to design a lateral flow immunoassay (dipstick) for the sensitive detection of [Arg4]-microcystins at concentrations of 100-300 ng/L in freshwater samples collected at different sites. Plant-based production will likely reduce the cost of the antibody, currently the most expensive component of the dipstick immunoassay, and will allow the development of further antibody-based analytical devices and water purification adsorbents for the efficient removal of toxic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Melnik
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Cathrine Neumann
- Institute of Hydrochemistry and Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ryan Karongo
- Institute of Hydrochemistry and Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dirndorfer
- Institute of Hydrochemistry and Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Stübler
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Ibl
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Niessner
- Institute of Hydrochemistry and Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietmar Knopp
- Institute of Hydrochemistry and Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Buron N, Porceddu M, Roussel C, Begriche K, Trak-Smayra V, Gicquel T, Fromenty B, Borgne-Sanchez A. Chronic and low exposure to a pharmaceutical cocktail induces mitochondrial dysfunction in liver and hyperglycemia: Differential responses between lean and obese mice. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:1375-1389. [PMID: 27501252 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are found in the environment but the impact of this contamination on human and animal health is poorly known. The liver could be particularly targeted since a significant number of these drugs are hepatotoxic, in particular via oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, the latter events can also be observed in liver diseases linked to obesity, so that the obese liver might be more sensitive to drug toxicity. In this study, we determined the effects of a chronic exposure to low doses of pharmaceuticals in wild-type and obese mice, with a particular focus on mitochondrial function. To this end, wild-type and ob/ob mice were exposed for 4 months to a cocktail of 11 pharmaceuticals provided in drinking water containing 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/L of each drug. At the end of the treatment, liver mitochondria were isolated and different parameters were measured. Chronic exposure to the pharmaceuticals reduced mitochondrial respiration driven by succinate and palmitoyl-l-carnitine in wild-type mice and increased antimycin-induced ROS production in ob/ob mice. Hyperglycemia and hepatic histological abnormalities were also observed in treated ob/ob mice. Investigations were also carried out in isolated liver mitochondria incubated with the mixture, or with each individual drug. The mitochondrial effects of the mixture were different from those observed in treated mice and could not be predicted from the results obtained with each drug. Because some of the 11 drugs included in our cocktail can be found in water at relatively high concentrations, our data could be relevant in environmental toxicology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1375-1389, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Buron
- MITOLOGICS S.A.S. Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Bd Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Porceddu
- MITOLOGICS S.A.S. Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Bd Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Célestin Roussel
- MITOLOGICS S.A.S. Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Bd Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Karima Begriche
- Faculté De Pharmacie, INSERM, U991, 2 Av Du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
| | | | - Thomas Gicquel
- Faculté De Pharmacie, INSERM, U991, 2 Av Du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
- CHU Pontchaillou, Laboratoire De Toxicologie Biologique Et Médico-Légale, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Faculté De Pharmacie, INSERM, U991, 2 Av Du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35043, Rennes, France
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Campbell C, Greenberg R, Mankikar D, Ross RD. A Case Study of Environmental Injustice: The Failure in Flint. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:ijerph13100951. [PMID: 27690065 PMCID: PMC5086690 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The failure by the city of Flint, Michigan to properly treat its municipal water system after a change in the source of water, has resulted in elevated lead levels in the city’s water and an increase in city children’s blood lead levels. Lead exposure in young children can lead to decrements in intelligence, development, behavior, attention and other neurological functions. This lack of ability to provide safe drinking water represents a failure to protect the public’s health at various governmental levels. This article describes how the tragedy happened, how low-income and minority populations are at particularly high risk for lead exposure and environmental injustice, and ways that we can move forward to prevent childhood lead exposure and lead poisoning, as well as prevent future Flint-like exposure events from occurring. Control of the manufacture and use of toxic chemicals to prevent adverse exposure to these substances is also discussed. Environmental injustice occurred throughout the Flint water contamination incident and there are lessons we can all learn from this debacle to move forward in promoting environmental justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Campbell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Room 408, College of Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Rachael Greenberg
- National Nurse-led Care Consortium (NNCC), Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Deepa Mankikar
- Research and Evaluation Group, Public Health Management Corporation, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Ronald D Ross
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Consultant, Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA.
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Dores EFGC, Spadotto CA, Weber OLS, Dalla Villa R, Vecchiato AB, Pinto AA. Environmental Behavior of Chlorpyrifos and Endosulfan in a Tropical Soil in Central Brazil. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:3942-3948. [PMID: 26635198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The environmental behavior of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan in soil was studied in the central-western region of Brazil by means of a field experiment. Sorption was evaluated in laboratory batch experiments. Chlorpyrifos and endosulfan were applied to experimental plots on uncultivated soil and the following processes were studied: leaching, runoff, and dissipation in top soil. Field dissipation of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan was more rapid than reported in temperate climates. Despite the high Koc of the studied pesticides, the two endosulfan isomers and endosulfan sulfate as well as chlorpyrifos were detected in percolated water. In runoff water and sediment, both endosulfan isomers and endosulfan sulfate were detected throughout the period of study. Observed losses of endosulfan by leaching (below a depth of 50 cm) and runoff were 0.0013 and 1.04% of the applied amount, whereas chlorpyrifos losses were 0.003 and 0.032%, respectively. Leaching of these highly adsorbed pesticides was attributed to preferential flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana F G C Dores
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, ICET , Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, n. 2367, CEP-78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Claudio A Spadotto
- Embrapa Gestão Territorial, Av. Soldado Passarinho, n. 303, Fazenda Chapadão, CEP-13070-115 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oscarlina L S Weber
- Department of Soil and Rural Engineering. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, FAMEV , Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, n. 2367, CEP-78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dalla Villa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, ICET , Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, n. 2367, CEP-78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Antonio B Vecchiato
- Department of Geology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, ICET , Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, n. 2367, CEP-78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Alicio A Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, ICET , Av. Fernando Correa da Costa, n. 2367, CEP-78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Raveendran S, Rakesh PS, Dev S, Vijayakumar N, Prasannakumar P. Investigation of an Outbreak of Hepatitis A in a Coastal Area, Kerala, Southern India. J Prim Care Community Health 2016; 7:288-90. [PMID: 27257046 DOI: 10.1177/2150131916647007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak investigation was initiated following an unusual occurrence of hepatitis A reported among people residing in the coastal belt of Vadi to Vedikunnu area, Kollam district, Kerala, southern India. The time frame of disease occurrence, pattern of its distribution, and the incubation period of hepatitis A infection indicated the probability of occurrence of the outbreak as a result of pipe line water contamination due to mixing of sewage from a canal. The results add evidence to the epidemiology of hepatitis A in the state and warrant the establishment of an efficient water quality surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Raveendran
- District Medical Office, District Surveillance Unit, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - P S Rakesh
- Centre for Public Health Protection, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Soumya Dev
- District Medical Office, District Surveillance Unit, Kollam, Kerala, India
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