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Sydykova LA, Pavlova NI, Bochurov AA, Alekseev VA, Krylov AV, Kurtanov KA, Shestakova MV. [Ala54Thr polymorphism of the fatty acid transporter gene ( FABP2) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Yakutia]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2023; 95:845-849. [PMID: 38159016 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.10.202427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To study the contribution of the Ala54Thr genetic polymorphism of the FABP2 gene to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among the Yakut population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included participants who filled out a questionnaire approved by the Local Committee on Biomedical Ethics at the Yakut Science Centre of complex medical problems and voluntarily signed an informed consent to conduct a genetic study. The sample consisted of 181 patients of the endocrinological department of the Republican Hospital No. 2 of the State Budgetary Institution "Center for Emergency Medical Care" with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The comparison group was a sample of 336 volunteers without chronic diseases of the Yakut ethnicity. For molecular genetic analysis, genomic DNA samples were isolated from whole blood. Single nucleotide polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS Study showed that polymorphism in the FABP2 gene has an impact on anthropometric parameters and blood biochemical parameters. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes was 1.7 times higher in carriers of the Ala/Thr genotype (odds ratio 1.755, 95% confidence interval - 1.212-2.542; p<0.005) compared with carriers of other genotypes. When comparing the average biochemical values, the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose and total bilirubin in homozygous carriers of the Ala/Ala genotype were significantly lower than in carriers of other genotypes (р<0.05). Carriers of the heterozygous Ala/Thr genotype (р<0.05) had the highest level in terms of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. The highest indicator of the average level of HbA1c and an indicator of total bilirubin were carriers of the Thr/Thr genotype (р<0.05). CONCLUSION The high prevalence of the negative Thr allele among the Yakut population is probably associated with living conditions in the North, as well as in the traditional type of diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N I Pavlova
- Yakut Science Center of Complex Medical Problems
| | - A A Bochurov
- Yakut Science Center of Complex Medical Problems
| | - V A Alekseev
- Yakut Science Center of Complex Medical Problems
| | - A V Krylov
- Yakut Science Center of Complex Medical Problems
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Stender S, Davey Smith G, Richardson TG. Genetic variation and elevated liver enzymes during childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1341-1349. [PMID: 37105232 PMCID: PMC10555681 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors influence the risk of fatty liver disease (FLD) in adults. The aim of this study was to test if, and when, genetic risk factors known to affect FLD in adults begin to exert their deleterious effects during childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. METHODS We included up to 4018 British children and adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Three genetic variants known to associate robustly with FLD in adults (PNPLA3 rs738409, TM6SF2 rs58542926 and HSD17B13 rs72613567) were tested for association with plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) during childhood (mean age: 9.9 years), early adolescence (15.5 years), late adolescence (17.8 years), and early adulthood (24.5 years). We also tested the associations of a 17-variant score and whole-genome polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from associations in adults with plasma ALT and AST at the same four time points. Associations with elastography-derived liver steatosis and fibrosis were tested in early adulthood. RESULTS Genetic risk factors for FLD (individually, combined into a 3-variant score, a 17-variant score and as a genome-wide PRS), were associated with higher liver enzymes, beginning in childhood and throughout adolescence and early adulthood. The ALT-increasing effects of the genetic risk variants became larger with increasing age. The ALT-PRS was associated with liver steatosis in early adulthood. No genetic associations with fibrosis were observed. CONCLUSIONS Genetic factors that promote FLD in adults associate with elevated liver enzymes already during childhood, and their effects get amplified with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stender
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom G Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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An N, Huang J, Xue Y, Liu P, Liu G, Zhu S, Chen Z. Characterization of phosphate transporter genes and the function of SgPT1 involved in phosphate uptake in Stylosanthes guianensis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 194:731-741. [PMID: 36577197 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the principal macronutrients for plant growth and productivity. Although the phosphate (Pi) transporter (PT) of the PHT1 family has been functionally characterized as participating in Pi uptake and transport in plants, information about PT genes in stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis), an important tropical forage legume that exhibits good adaptability to low-P acid soils, is limited. In this study, stylo root growth was found to be stimulated under P deficiency. The responses of PT genes to nutrient deficiencies and their roles in Pi uptake were further investigated in stylo. Four novel PT genes were identified in stylo and designated SgPT2 to SgPT5. Like SgPT1, which had been previously identified, all five SgPT proteins harboured the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) domain. Variations in tissue-specific expression were observed among the SgPT genes, which displayed diverse responses to deficiencies in nitrogen (N), P and potassium (K) in stylo roots. Four of the five SgPTs exhibited high levels of transcriptional responsiveness to P deficiency in roots. Furthermore, SgPT1, a Pi-starvation-induced gene closely related to legume PT homologues that participate in Pi transport, was selected for functional analysis. SgPT1 was localized to the plasma membrane. Analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis showed that overexpression of SgPT1 led to increased Pi accumulation and promoted root growth in Arabidopsis plants. Taken together, the results of this study suggest the involvement of SgPTs in the stylo response to nutrient deprivation. SgPT1 might mediate Pi uptake in stylo, which is beneficial for root growth during P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570110, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yingbin Xue
- College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Pandao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Guodao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Shengnan Zhu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, China.
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570110, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Zhang M, Xue M, Xiao Z, Liu W, Jiang N, Meng Y, Fan Y, Liu X, Zhou Y. Staphylococcus sciuri causes disease and pathological changes in hybrid sturgeon acipenser baerii × acipenser schrencki. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1029692. [PMID: 36275022 PMCID: PMC9582232 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1029692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid sturgeon is the main species of sturgeon cultured in China, with the advantages of a fast growth rate, early sexual maturity, fertile offspring, and more stable genetic traits. In May 2021, a large number of deaths characterized by superficial hemorrhage and liver damage occurred in a sturgeon farm in Yichang, Hubei Province, which posed a significant risk to hybrid sturgeon captive breeding. We isolated a pathogenic bacterium named D-59 from the diseased sturgeon with apparent symptoms. The pathogen was identified as Staphylococcus sciuri using 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis combined with biochemical identification. Regression experiments showed that D-59 exhibited clinical signs similar to those of diseased sturgeon in the farm after intraperitoneal injection into hybrid sturgeon. High-throughput sequencing of gut microbes in D-59-infected sturgeon showed that the number of gut microbial species decreased in infected sturgeon, the number of some intestinal commensal bacteria decreased, and the balance of the intestinal microorganisms was disrupted. Histopathological sections indicated many inflammatory cells, congestion, and even necrosis in the tissue of diseased sturgeon. Analysis of blood indexes revealed an increase in the proportion of mononuclear cells and a decrease in the proportion of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of diseased sturgeon. Significantly elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, whereas alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, and globulin were decreased in diseased sturgeon. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests demonstrated that D-59 is susceptible to florfenicol, enrofloxacin, and neomycin sulfate. This study aimed to highlight the dangers of Staphylococcus sciuri infection during hybrid sturgeon culture and to provide recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zidong Xiao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Liu, ; Yong Zhou,
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Liu, ; Yong Zhou,
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Morishita A, Tadokoro T, Fujihara S, Iwama H, Oura K, Fujita K, Tani J, Takuma K, Nakahara M, Shi T, Haba R, Okano K, Nishiyama A, Ono M, Himoto T, Masaki T. Ipragliflozin attenuates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis development in an animal model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261310. [PMID: 35192632 PMCID: PMC8863244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease with no decisive treatment. The sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor ipragliflozin was developed as a new oral hypoglycemic drug, which can improve NASH via an insulin-independent glucose-lowering effect by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules. However, ipragliflozin appears to modulate steatosis or inflammation via different pathways. To elucidate the new mechanism of ipragliflozin for the treatment of NASH, we evaluated its effects in a NASH mouse model (STAM mice) with beta cell depletion, and compared the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in STAM mice treated with or without ipragliflozin (16.7 μg/day for 5 weeks). Ipragliflozin reduced aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase levels, along with reduced hepatic steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflammation, and liver fibrosis. In addition, ipragliflozin upregulated mitochondrial transport-related and antioxidant defensive system-related genes in the liver. Among 2555 mouse miRNA probes, miR-19b-3p was commonly differentially expressed with ipragliflozin treatment for 5 weeks in both the liver and serum but in different directions, with a decrease in the liver and increase in the serum. Therefore, ipragliflozin can improve NASH development likely through the antioxidative stress pathway and by regulating miR-19b-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Kyoko Oura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Joji Tani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kei Takuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mai Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Okano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectual University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa, Japan
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6
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Saad-Hussein A, Shahy EM, Ibrahim KS, Mahdy-Abdallah H, Taha MM, Abdel-Shafy EA, Shaban EE. Influence of GSTM1, T1 genes polymorphisms on oxidative stress and liver enzymes in rural and urban pesticides-exposed workers. Arch Environ Occup Health 2022; 77:800-808. [PMID: 35014941 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.2025024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several studies discussed the relationship between the toxicity of organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates pesticides and oxidative stress which affects human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pesticides on the induction of oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. It was also focused on glutathione-S-transferase gene polymorphism in the modulation of these effects. In addition, the role of the educational level of exposed workers was studied. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), liver enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S transferase (GST) were estimated at 100 pesticide-exposed workers (50 urban researchers (UE) and 50 rural sprayers (RE)), and 100 matched controls (50 urban controls (UC)and 50 rural controls (RC)). AChE and BuChE were decreased in RE and UE compared to RC. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were elevated in UE and UC compared to the RE and RC. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was elevated in UE compared to RE. MDA in RE and UE showed elevation compared to RC. There was a significant reduction in the levels of GSH, GST, and GPx in UE compared to RE and RC. The most sensitive pesticide-induced hepatotoxicity group were exposed workers with the GSTT1 genotype. Within these workers, ALT and ALP were significantly correlated with MDA and inversely correlated with AChE and BuChE, while AST was inversely correlated with AChE and BuChE only in UE. Conclusion: GST gene polymorphisms appeared to have a significant role in workers' susceptibility to hepatotoxic effects due to occupational exposure to pesticides; GSTT1 was the most sensitive genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Saad-Hussein
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M Shahy
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khadiga S Ibrahim
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba Mahdy-Abdallah
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona M Taha
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam A Abdel-Shafy
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman E Shaban
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Goto RL, Tablas MB, Prata GB, Espírito Santo SG, Fernandes AAH, Cogliati B, Barbisan LF, Romualdo GR. Vitamin D 3 supplementation alleviates chemically-induced cirrhosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 215:106022. [PMID: 34774723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) deficiency has been associated with increased risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, a highly incident malignant neoplasia worldwide. On the other hand, VD3 supplementation has shown some beneficial effects in clinical studies and rodent models of chronic liver disease. However, preventive effects of dietary VD3 supplementation in cirrhosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis is still unknow. To investigate this purpose, male Wistar rats submitted to a combined diethylnitrosamine- and thioacetamide-induced model were concomitantly supplemented with VD3 (5,000 and 10,000 IU/kg diet) for 25 weeks. Liver samples were collected for histological, biochemical and molecular analysis. Serum samples were used to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and alanine aminotransferase levels. Both VD3 interventions decreased hepatic collagen deposition and pro-inflammatory p65 protein levels, while increased hepatic antioxidant catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and serum 25(OH)D, without a clear dose-response effect. Nonetheless, only the highest concentration of VD3 increased hepatic protein levels of VD receptor, while decreased the number of large preneoplastic glutathione-S-transferase- (>0.5 mm²) and keratin 8/18-positive lesions, as well the multiplicity of hepatocellular adenomas. Moreover, this intervention increased hepatic antioxidant Nrf2 protein levels and glutathione-S-transferase activity. In summary, dietary VD3 supplementation - in special the highest intervention - showed antifibrotic and antineoplastic properties in chemically-induced cirrhosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. The positive modulation of Nrf2 antioxidant axis may be mechanistically involved with these beneficial effects, and may guide future clinical studies.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/chemically induced
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/metabolism
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/pathology
- Adenoma, Liver Cell/prevention & control
- Alanine Transaminase/blood
- Alanine Transaminase/genetics
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control
- Catalase/blood
- Catalase/genetics
- Chemoprevention/methods
- Collagen/genetics
- Collagen/metabolism
- Dietary Supplements
- Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Glutathione Peroxidase/blood
- Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Glutathione Transferase/genetics
- Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
- Keratins/genetics
- Keratins/metabolism
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/chemically induced
- Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy
- Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Male
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins/genetics
- Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Thioacetamide/toxicity
- Vitamin D/administration & dosage
- Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives
- Vitamin D/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata L Goto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Tablas
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel B Prata
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara G Espírito Santo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Angélica H Fernandes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis F Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme R Romualdo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Ahmad S, Jiang L, Zheng S, Chen Y, Zhang JY, Stanley D, Miao H, Ge LQ. Silencing of a putative alanine aminotransferase (ALT) gene influences free amino acid composition in hemolymph and fecundity of the predatory bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2021; 108:e21836. [PMID: 34288123 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In Asian rice systems, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter is an important predator that preys on rice planthopper eggs and young nymphs, as a primary food source. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) acts in many physiological and biochemical processes in insects. We cloned the full-length complementary DNA of C. lividipennis ClALT. Expression analysis showed higher expression in the fat body and midgut compared to other tissues. It is expressed in all C. lividipennis developmental stages and at least four organs. Silencing of ClALT by RNA interference significantly decreased the ClALT enzyme activity and ClALT expression compared to dsGFP-treated controls at 2 days after emergence (DAE). Silencing of ClALT influenced free hemolymph amino acid compositions, resulting in a reduction of Aspartic acid (Asp) and Alanine (Ala) proportions, and increased Cysteine (Cys) and Valine (Val) proportions in females at 2 DAE. dsClALT treatments led to decreased soluble total protein concentrations in ovary and fat body, and to lower reduced vitellogenin (Vg) expression, body weight, and the numbers of laid eggs. The double-stranded RNA viruse treatments also led to prolonged preoviposition periods and hindered ovarian development. Western blot analysis indicated that silencing ClALT also led to reduced fat body Vg protein abundance at 2 DAE. These data support our hypothesis that ClALT influences amino acid metabolism and fecundity in C. lividipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Ahmad
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sui Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Y Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Controls of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hong Miao
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Q Ge
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Pazoki R, Vujkovic M, Elliott J, Evangelou E, Gill D, Ghanbari M, van der Most PJ, Pinto RC, Wielscher M, Farlik M, Zuber V, de Knegt RJ, Snieder H, Uitterlinden AG, Lynch JA, Jiang X, Said S, Kaplan DE, Lee KM, Serper M, Carr RM, Tsao PS, Atkinson SR, Dehghan A, Tzoulaki I, Ikram MA, Herzig KH, Järvelin MR, Alizadeh BZ, O'Donnell CJ, Saleheen D, Voight BF, Chang KM, Thursz MR, Elliott P. Genetic analysis in European ancestry individuals identifies 517 loci associated with liver enzymes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2579. [PMID: 33972514 PMCID: PMC8110798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum concentration of hepatic enzymes are linked to liver dysfunction, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We perform genetic analysis on serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) using data on 437,438 UK Biobank participants. Replication in 315,572 individuals from European descent from the Million Veteran Program, Rotterdam Study and Lifeline study confirms 517 liver enzyme SNPs. Genetic risk score analysis using the identified SNPs is strongly associated with serum activity of liver enzymes in two independent European descent studies (The Airwave Health Monitoring study and the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966). Gene-set enrichment analysis using the identified SNPs highlights involvement in liver development and function, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and vascular formation. Mendelian randomization analysis shows association of liver enzyme variants with coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. Genetic risk score for elevated serum activity of liver enzymes is associated with higher fat percentage of body, trunk, and liver and body mass index. Our study highlights the role of molecular pathways regulated by the liver in metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raha Pazoki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Climaco Pinto
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Zuber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - Robert J de Knegt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiyun Jiang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Saredo Said
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK
| | - David E Kaplan
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marina Serper
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rotonya M Carr
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R Atkinson
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Pediatrics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Departments of Medicine and Cardiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, London, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research, Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Health Data Research UK at Imperial College London, London, UK.
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10
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Ishii Y, Takasu S, Grúz P, Masumura K, Ogawa K, Nohmi T, Umemura T. The role of DNA polymerase ζ in benzo[a]pyrene-induced mutagenesis in the mouse lung. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:155-164. [PMID: 33544859 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase zeta (Polζ) is a heterotetramer composed of the catalytic subunit Rev3l, Rev7 and two subunits of Polδ (PolD2/Pol31 and PolD3/Pol32), and this polymerase exerts translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) in yeast. Because Rev3l knockout results in embryonic lethality in mice, the functions of Polζ need further investigation in vivo. Then, we noted the two facts that substitution of leucine 979 of yeast Rev3l with methionine reduces Polζ replication fidelity and that reporter gene transgenic rodents are able to provide the detailed mutation status. Here, we established gpt delta mouse knocked in the constructed gene encoding methionine instead of leucine at residue 2610 of Rev3l (Rev3l L2610M gpt delta mice), to clarify the role of Polζ in TLS of chemical-induced bulky DNA adducts in vivo. Eight-week-old gpt delta mice and Rev3l L2610M gpt delta mice were treated with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) at 0, 40, 80, or 160 mg/kg via single intraperitoneal injection. At necropsy 31 days after treatment, lungs were collected for reporter gene mutation assays. Although the gpt mutant frequency was significantly increased by BaP in both mouse genotypes, it was three times higher in Rev3l L2610M gpt delta than gpt delta mice after treatment with 160 mg/kg BaP. The frequencies of G:C base substitutions and characteristic complex mutations were significantly increased in Rev3l L2610M gpt delta mice compared with gpt delta mice. The BaP dose-response relationship suggested that Polζ plays a central role in TLS when protective mechanisms against BaP mutagenesis, such as error-free TLS, are saturated. Overall, Polζ may incorporate incorrect nucleotides at the sites opposite to BaP-modified guanines and extend short DNA sequences from the resultant terminal mismatches only when DNA is heavily damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ishii
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Takasu
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Petr Grúz
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Masumura
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-shi, Kawasaki-ku, Kanagawa, Japan
- Faculty of Animal Health Technology, Yamazaki University of Animal Health Technology, Minami-osawa, Hachihoji, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Solhaug EM, Roy R, Venterea RT, Carter CJ. The role of alanine synthesis and nitrate-induced nitric oxide production during hypoxia stress in Cucurbita pepo nectaries. Plant J 2021; 105:580-599. [PMID: 33119149 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Floral nectar is a sugary solution produced by nectaries to attract and reward pollinators. Nectar metabolites, such as sugars, are synthesized within the nectary during secretion from both pre-stored and direct phloem-derived precursors. In addition to sugars, nectars contain nitrogenous compounds such as amino acids; however, little is known about the role(s) of nitrogen (N) compounds in nectary function. In this study, we investigated N metabolism in Cucurbita pepo (squash) floral nectaries in order to understand how various N-containing compounds are produced and determine the role of N metabolism in nectar secretion. The expression and activity of key enzymes involved in primary N assimilation, including nitrate reductase (NR) and alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT), were induced during secretion in C. pepo nectaries. Alanine (Ala) accumulated to about 35% of total amino acids in nectaries and nectar during peak secretion; however, alteration of vascular nitrate supply had no impact on Ala accumulation during secretion, suggesting that nectar(y) amino acids are produced by precursors other than nitrate. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) is produced from nitrate and nitrite, at least partially by NR, in nectaries and nectar. Hypoxia-related processes are induced in nectaries during secretion, including lactic acid and ethanolic fermentation. Finally, treatments that alter nitrate supply affect levels of hypoxic metabolites, nectar volume and nectar sugar composition. The induction of N metabolism in C. pepo nectaries thus plays an important role in the synthesis and secretion of nectar sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Solhaug
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Rahul Roy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Rodney T Venterea
- Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Clay J Carter
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Li M, Zhao H, Wu J, Wang L, Wang J, Lv K, Liu S, Wang M, Guan W, Liu J, Ho CT, Li S. Nobiletin Protects against Acute Liver Injury via Targeting c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK)-Induced Apoptosis of Hepatocytes. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:7112-7120. [PMID: 32538091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver injury resulting from several factors such as medication, food toxins, and herbal supplementation often leads to a severe health condition and makes treatment difficult; thereby, the prevention of acute liver injury remains a critical issue and is of great importance. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of nobiletin (NOB) on a mouse model of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute liver injury. We observed that NOB (10 mg/kg) pretreatment of ConA-treated mice significantly lowered the levels of liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), decreased the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and suppressed the release of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Pathological data suggested that pretreatment with NOB ameliorated ConA-induced liver damage by promoting proliferation and alleviating apoptosis of hepatocytes. Furthermore, significant suppression of the c-Jun-activating kinase (JNK) signal was also observed in NOB-pretreated liver tissues compared with that of ConA treatment only. In addition, an in vitro mechanism study confirmed that the addition of NOB protected hepatocytes via inhibition of JNK activation, manifesting that alleviation of JNK-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes is correlated with NOB protection in acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Bioscience, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ke Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- Department of Laboratory Test, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Wenqiang Guan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jianfu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Bioscience, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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13
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Zhang H, Liu R, Lu Q. Separation and Characterization of Phenolamines and Flavonoids from Rape Bee Pollen, and Comparison of Their Antioxidant Activities and Protective Effects Against Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061264. [PMID: 32168811 PMCID: PMC7144025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolamines and flavonoids are two important components in bee pollen. There are many reports on the bioactivity of flavonoids in bee pollen, but few on phenolamines. This study aims to separate and characterize the flavonoids and phenolamines from rape bee pollen, and compare their antioxidant activities and protective effects against oxidative stress. The rape bee pollen was separated to obtain 35% and 50% fractions, which were characterized by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The results showed that the compounds in 35% fraction were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, while the compounds in 50% fraction were phenolamines, including di-p-coumaroyl spermidine, p-coumaroyl caffeoyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, di-p-coumaroyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, and tri-p-coumaroyl spermidine. The antioxidant activities of phenolamines and flavonoids were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. It was found that the antioxidant activity of phenolamines was significantly higher than that of flavonoids. Moreover, phenolamines showed better protective effects than flavonoids on HepG2 cells injured by AAPH. Furthermore, phenolamines could significantly reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. This study lays a foundation for the further understanding of phenolamines in rape bee pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (R.L.)
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qun Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.Z.); (R.L.)
- Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87288373; Fax: +86-27-87282111
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Qiao M, Yang J, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Hu J. Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of system-level mechanisms in the liver of apigenin-treated fibrotic rats. Life Sci 2020; 248:117475. [PMID: 32119963 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Liver fibrosis is a crucial pathological feature which could result in cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. But until now, there is no favourable treatment for it. Apigenin (APG) is a flavonoid, which exhibits efficient anti-liver fibrosis activity, but its underlying mechanisms were rarely studied. So this work aims to estimate the potential therapeutic action of APG on liver fibrosis rats and to gain insight into its system-level mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Hepatic fibrosis was induced by CCl4 in Wistar rats, and APG was given in the light of the regimen. Biochemical indexes, histopathological change and immunohistochemistry of liver were evaluated. The optimal effect group of APG was selected for further transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. KEY FINDINGS APG ameliorated liver fibrosis via reducing the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, Hyp, TP, TB, DB, HA, LN, PCIII and IV-C, mitigating fibrosis and inflammation of liver in H&E and Masson staining. Mechanistically, APG elevated the activity of ALB, SOD and GSH-PX with reducing the level of MDA. The results of microarray and TMT revealed that 4919 genes and 4876 proteins were differentially expressed in the APG and model groups. Besides, transcriptomics and proteomics analyses unfolded 120 overlapped proteins, enriched in 111 GO terms containing apoptotic process, angiogenesis, cell migration and proliferation, etc. Meanwhile, KEGG pathway analysis showed that 26 pathways containing HIF-1/MAPK/eNOS/VEGF/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion mostly. SIGNIFICANCE APG can ameliorate CCl4-induced liver fibrosis via VEGF-mediated FAK phosphorylation through the MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, HIF-1, ROS, and eNOS pathways, which may hopefully become the anti-liver fibrosis activity of natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qiao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Junping Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
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15
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Liu J, Au Yeung SL, Kwok MK, Leung JYY, Hui LL, Leung GM, Schooling CM. The effect of liver enzymes on body composition: A Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228737. [PMID: 32045441 PMCID: PMC7012438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Higher alanine transaminase (ALT), indicating poor liver function, is positively associated with diabetes but inversely associated with body mass index (BMI) in Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, suggesting liver function affects muscle mass. To clarify, we assessed the associations of liver enzymes with muscle and fat mass observationally with two-sample MR as a validation. Methods In the population-representative “Children of 1997” birth cohort (n = 3,455), we used multivariable linear regression to assess the adjusted associations of ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at ~17.5 years with muscle mass and body fat percentage observationally. Genetic variants predicting ALT, ALP and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were applied to fat-free and fat mass in the UK Biobank (n = ~331,000) to obtain unconfounded MR estimates. Results Observationally, ALT was positively associated with muscle mass (0.11 kg per IU/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10 to 0.12) and fat percentage (0.15% per IU/L, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.17). ALP was inversely associated with muscle mass (-0.03 kg per IU/L, 95% CI -0.04 to -0.02) and fat percentage (-0.02% per IU/L, 95% CI -0.03 to -0.01). Using MR, ALT was inversely associated with fat-free mass (-0.41 kg per 100% in concentration, 95% CI -0.64 to -0.19) and fat mass (-0.58 kg per 100% in concentration, 95% CI -0.85 to -0.30). ALP and GGT were unclearly associated with fat-free mass or fat mass. Conclusion ALT reducing fat-free mass provides a possible pathway for the positive association of ALT with diabetes and suggests a potential target of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Liu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Ki Kwok
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - June Yue Yan Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lai Ling Hui
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gabriel Matthew Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C. Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive and specific diagnostic indicators are essential for liver cirrhosis. This study aims to analyze two plasma microRNAs (miR-625 and miR-920) as possible biomarkers for liver cirrhosis. METHODS miR-625 and miR-920 expressions were analyzed in the plasma of 40 patients with liver cirrhosis and 41 healthy controls. Plasma levels of miR-625 and miR-920 were assessed by qRT-PCR. Analysis of the results was performed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Spearman's test was used to show correlations between the miR-625 and clinical parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS miR-625 is downregulated in patients with liver cirrhosis. Expression of miR-625 correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. ROC curve analysis revealed that miR-625 had a sensitivity of 82.4% and specificity of 88.9% (area under the curve (AUC): 0.902) which indicated a high diagnostic power for cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that, miR-625 may be considered as a potential noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in patients, irrespective of etiology.
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Elbanhawy AA, Elsherbiny EA, Abd El-Mageed AE, Abdel-Fattah GM. Potential of fungal metabolites as a biocontrol agent against cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover and the possible mechanisms of action. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 159:34-40. [PMID: 31400782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the insecticidal activity of the different organic extracts from the entomopathogenic fungi, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Metarhizium anisopliae, Purpureocillium lilacinum, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum towards cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. The methanol extracts from the mycelia and spores of C. cladosporioides and P. lilacinum exhibited the highest insecticidal activity against A. gossypii compared with other extracts, which LC50 values were recorded to be 57.60 and 94.18 ppm, respectively. The major constituents identified in both methanol extracts by GC-MS analysis were linoleic acid and palmitic acid. The methanol extracts of C. cladosporioides and P. lilacinum caused a voluminous increase in the total carbohydrates content of A. gossypii adults, while the total protein content was significantly decreased by both extracts. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly reduced by methanol extracts. The P. lilacinum extract caused a considerable reduction in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), α- and β-esterase by 28.9, 27.9 and 23.4%, respectively. Both extracts induced a significant increase in phenoloxidase and chitinase activity of A. gossypii adults. These results suggest that C. cladosporioides and P. lilacinum methanol extracts could be used as a promising approach for the management of A. gossypii in many economically crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Elbanhawy
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elsherbiny A Elsherbiny
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Abd El-Mageed
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal M Abdel-Fattah
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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18
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Young KA, Palmer ND, Fingerlin TE, Langefeld CD, Norris JM, Wang N, Xiang AH, Guo X, Williams AH, Chen YDI, Taylor KD, Rotter JI, Raffel LJ, Goodarzi MO, Watanabe RM, Wagenknecht LE. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Loci for Liver Enzyme Concentrations in Mexican Americans: The GUARDIAN Consortium. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1331-1337. [PMID: 31219225 PMCID: PMC6656610 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Populations of Mexican American ancestry are at an increased risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether loci in known and novel genes were associated with variation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (n = 3,644), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (n = 3,595), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (n = 1,577) levels by conducting the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of liver enzymes, which commonly measure liver function, in individuals of Mexican American ancestry. METHODS Levels of AST, ALT, and GGT were determined by enzymatic colorimetric assays. A multi-cohort GWAS of individuals of Mexican American ancestry was performed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were tested for association with liver outcomes by multivariable linear regression using an additive genetic model. Association analyses were conducted separately in each cohort, followed by a nonparametric meta-analysis. RESULTS In the PNPLA3 gene, rs4823173 (P = 3.44 × 10-10 ), rs2896019 (P = 7.29 × 10-9 ), and rs2281135 (P = 8.73 × 10-9 ) were significantly associated with AST levels. Although not genome-wide significant, these same SNPs were the top hits for ALT (P = 7.12 × 10-8 , P = 1.98 × 10-7 , and P = 1.81 × 10-7 , respectively). The strong correlation (r2 = 1.0) for these SNPs indicated a single hit in the PNPLA3 gene. No genome-wide significant associations were found for GGT. CONCLUSIONS PNPLA3, a locus previously identified with ALT, AST, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in European and Japanese GWAS, is also associated with liver enzymes in populations of Mexican American ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Research and Evaluation Branch, Kaiser Permanente of Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Adrienne H Williams
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Leslie J Raffel
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Medical Genetics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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19
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De Silva NMG, Borges MC, Hingorani AD, Engmann J, Shah T, Zhang X, Luan J, Langenberg C, Wong A, Kuh D, Chambers JC, Zhang W, Jarvelin MR, Sebert S, Auvinen J, Gaunt TR, Lawlor DA. Liver Function and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Diabetes 2019; 68:1681-1691. [PMID: 31088856 PMCID: PMC7011195 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver dysfunction and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are consistently associated. However, it is currently unknown whether liver dysfunction contributes to, results from, or is merely correlated with T2D due to confounding. We used Mendelian randomization to investigate the presence and direction of any causal relation between liver function and T2D risk including up to 64,094 T2D case and 607,012 control subjects. Several biomarkers were used as proxies of liver function (i.e., alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and γ-glutamyl transferase [GGT]). Genetic variants strongly associated with each liver function marker were used to investigate the effect of liver function on T2D risk. In addition, genetic variants strongly associated with T2D risk and with fasting insulin were used to investigate the effect of predisposition to T2D and insulin resistance, respectively, on liver function. Genetically predicted higher circulating ALT and AST were related to increased risk of T2D. There was a modest negative association of genetically predicted ALP with T2D risk and no evidence of association between GGT and T2D risk. Genetic predisposition to higher fasting insulin, but not to T2D, was related to increased circulating ALT. Since circulating ALT and AST are markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), these findings provide some support for insulin resistance resulting in NAFLD, which in turn increases T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maneka G De Silva
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Research Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Centre for Translational Genomics, University College London, London, U.K
- Farr Institute, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Research Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Centre for Translational Genomics, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Tina Shah
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Research Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Centre for Translational Genomics, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhang
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, U.K
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, U.K
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, U.K
| | - Marjo-Ritta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, U.K
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Auvinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulunkaari Health Center, Ii, Finland
| | | | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
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20
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Li F, Dong YZ, Zhang D, Zhang XM, Lin ZJ, Zhang B. Molecular mechanisms involved in drug-induced liver injury caused by urate-lowering Chinese herbs: A network pharmacology study and biology experiments. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216948. [PMID: 31141540 PMCID: PMC6541264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important part of the comprehensive treatment methods, the urate-lowering Chinese herbs could provide favorable clinical effects on hyperuricemia in its ability to invigorate spleen and remove dampness. Owing to the long-term duration, it brought up the potential adverse reactions (ADRs) and concerns about the drug-induced liver injury from these herbs. To address this problem, the bioinformatics approaches which combined the network pharmacology, computer simulation and molecular biology experiments were undertaken to elucidate the underlying drug-induced liver injury molecular mechanisms of urate-lowering Chinese herbs. Several electronic databases were searched to identify the potential liver injury compounds in published research. Then, the putative target profile of liver injury was predicted, and the interaction network was constructed based on the links between the compounds, corresponding targets and core pathways. Accordingly, the molecular docking simulation was performed to recognize the representative compounds with hepatotoxicity. Finally, the cell experiments were conducted to investigate the biochemical indicators and expression of the crucial protein that were closely associated with liver injury. In conclusion, the current research revealed that the compounds with potential liver injury including diosgenin, baicalin, saikosaponin D, tetrandrine, rutaecarpine and evodiamine from urate-lowering Chinese herbs, could lead to decline the survival rate of L-02 cell, increase the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in cell-culture medium, enhance the expression of p-p38/p38, while the p38 inhibitor could achieve the trend of regulating and controlling liver injury. These research findings bring further support to the growing evidence that the mechanism of the liver injury induced by the compounds from urate-lowering Chinese herbs may be associated with the activation of p38α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Zhu Dong
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Lin
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Jia YN, Peng YL, Zhao YP, Cheng XF, Zhou Y, Chai CL, Zeng LS, Pan MH, Xu L. Comparison of the Hepatoprotective Effects of the Three Main Stilbenes from Mulberry Twigs. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:5521-5529. [PMID: 31012578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective effects of Oxy (oxyresveratrol), Res (resveratrol), and MulA (mulberroside A) (80 mg/kg body weight/d, i.g.) on acute liver injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (d-GalN) in mice. After 7 h of LPS (50 μg/kg body weight, i.p.) and d-GalN (500 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) exposure, the activities of serum transaminases and antioxidant enzymes were determined. The expressions of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway related proteins were evaluated by Western blot assays. Histopathological analysis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining on the separated livers of mice. The results showed that treatment with Oxy, Res, and MulA could significantly decreases the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) ( P < 0.01). MulA was the most effective ingredient among the three, and the ALT and AST levels were reduced at 90.3 ± 1.3% and 93.9 ± 1.1% compared with the LPS/D-GalN treated group ( P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the stilbenes curbed the expression of inflammatory factors, NF-κB pathway activation, and MAPKs phosphorylation and upregulated antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2, NAD (P) H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression levels. Stilbenes might protect the ALI caused by LPS/d-GalN through inhibiting the negative effectiveness of oxidation stress and inflammation. The protective performance of MulA was better than those of Oxy and Res, and we hypothesize that it might be due to the mediation of the specific metabolic pathway of the MulA in vivo. All of these results implied that stilbenes in mulberry twigs might be promising as natural additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Ya-Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Xi-Fei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Chun-Li Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Ling-Shu Zeng
- Chongqing Sericulture Science and Technology Research Institute , No. 1 Shangba Road, Dongyang Street , Beibei District, Chongqing 400700 , China
| | - Min-Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
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22
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Schlüter U, Bräutigam A, Droz JM, Schwender J, Weber APM. The role of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in C 4 photosynthesis. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2019; 21 Suppl 1:64-76. [PMID: 30126035 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Alanine and aspartate are essential transfer metabolites for C4 species of the NAD-malic enzyme and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase subtype. To some degree both amino acids are also part of the metabolite shuttle in NADP-malic enzyme plants. In comparison with C3 species, the majority of C4 species are therefore characterised by enhanced expression and activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (AT) in the photosynthetically active tissue. Both enzymes exist in multiple copies and have been found in different subcellular compartments. We tested whether different C4 species show preferential recruitment of enzymes from specific lineages and subcellular compartments. Phylogenetic analysis of alanine and aspartate ATs from a variety of monocot and eudicot C4 species and their C3 relatives was combined with subcellular prediction tools and analysis of the subsequent transcript amounts in mature leaves. Recruitment of aspartate AT from a specific subcellular compartment was strongly connected to the biochemical subtype. Deviation from the main model was however observed in Gynandropsis gynandra. The configuration of alanine AT generally differed in monocot and eudicot species. C4 monocots recruited an alanine AT from a specific cytosolic branch, but eudicots use alanine AT copies from a mitochondrial branch. Generally, plants display high plasticity in the setup of the C4 pathway. Beside the common models for the different C4 subtypes, individual solutions were found for plant groups or lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schlüter
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Bräutigam
- Computational Biology, Centre for Biotechnology, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - J Schwender
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - A P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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23
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Emam M, El Raey MA, El-Haddad AE, El Awdan SA, Rabie AGM, El-Ansari MA, Sobeh M, Osman SM, Wink M. A New Polyoxygenated Flavonol Gossypetin-3- O- β-d-Robinobioside from Caesalpinia gilliesii (Hook.) D. Dietr. and In Vivo Hepatoprotective, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Ulcer Activities of the Leaf Methanol Extract. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010138. [PMID: 30602714 PMCID: PMC6337366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A hitherto unknown polyoxygenated flavonol robinobioside (gossypetin-3-O-β-d-robinobioside) was isolated from the leaves of Caesalpinia gilliesii along with thirteen known phenolic secondary metabolites. The isolated compounds were characterized using spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses. The extract reduced the level of liver damage in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. A decrease of the liver biomarkers—aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and an increase of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels—were observed similar to the liver protecting drug silymarin. In addition, the extract showed promising activity against carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and protected their stomachs against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in a concentration dependent fashion. The observed activities could be attributed to the high content of antioxidant polyphenols. Our results suggest that the C. gilliesii has the capacity to scavenge free radicals and can protect against oxidative stress, and liver and stomach injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Emam
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Alaadin E El-Haddad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Cairo 12566, Egypt.
| | - Sally A El Awdan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Gawad M Rabie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El-Ansari
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Samir M Osman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Cairo 12566, Egypt.
| | - Michael Wink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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Shmarakov IO, Borschovetska VL, Ivanishchuk LP, Marchenko MM. Hepatotoxicity of bisphenol A under conditions of differential supplementation with retinoids. Ukr Biochem J 2018; 88:99-105. [PMID: 29235335 DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical xenoestrogenic in vivo effects of bisphenol A (2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, BPA) are well-described in the literature, however the molecular mechanisms of BPA-induced hepatotoxicity are not fully characterized. The work is aimed to assess biochemical markers of BPA induced hepatotoxicity under conditions of differential supplementation with retinoids. We demonstrate that the absence of hepatic retinyl esters as the main form of vitamin A storage provides for a resistance to BPA induced liver damage. Retinoid supplementation increases the hepatotoxic effects of bisphenol A, evidenced in higher indexes of oxidative damage of lipids, proteins and non-protein thiol groups as well as increase of serum alanine aminotransferase activity and myeloperoxidase activity in liver parenchyma. The absence of hepatotoxicity signs when hepatic retinoid stores are depleted and their presence during normal or excessive retinoid supplementation suggest that hepatic retinoid availability is one of the factors determining the hepatotoxicity of bisphenol A.
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25
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Peña PA, Quach T, Sato S, Ge Z, Nersesian N, Dweikat IM, Soundararajan M, Clemente T. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of transgenic wheat and sorghum events expressing the barley alanine aminotransferase. Planta 2017; 246:1097-1107. [PMID: 28801748 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The expression of a barley alanine aminotransferase gene impacts agronomic outcomes in a C3 crop, wheat. The use of nitrogen-based fertilizers has become one of the major agronomic inputs in crop production systems. Strategies to enhance nitrogen assimilation and flux in planta are being pursued through the introduction of novel genetic alleles. Here an Agrobacterium-mediated approach was employed to introduce the alanine aminotransferase from barley (Hordeum vulgare), HvAlaAT, into wheat (Triticum aestivum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), regulated by either constitutive or root preferred promoter elements. Plants harboring the transgenic HvAlaAT alleles displayed increased alanine aminotransferase (alt) activity. The enhanced alt activity impacted height, tillering and significantly boosted vegetative biomass relative to controls in wheat evaluated under hydroponic conditions, where the phenotypic outcome across these parameters varied relative to time of year study was conducted. Constitutive expression of HvAlaAT translated to elevation in wheat grain yield under field conditions. In sorghum, expression of HvAlaAT enhanced enzymatic activity, but no changes in phenotypic outcomes were observed. Taken together these results suggest that positive agronomic outcomes can be achieved through enhanced alt activity in a C3 crop, wheat. However, the variability observed across experiments under greenhouse conditions implies the phenotypic outcomes imparted by the HvAlaAT allele in wheat may be impacted by environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Peña
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Truyen Quach
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Shirley Sato
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Zhengxiang Ge
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Natalya Nersesian
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Ismail M Dweikat
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | | | - Tom Clemente
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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26
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Najafi H, Mohamadi Yarijani Z, Changizi-Ashtiyani S, Mansouri K, Modarresi M, Madani SH, Bastani B. Protective effect of Malva sylvestris L. extract in ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney and remote liver injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188270. [PMID: 29155898 PMCID: PMC5695808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) has had medicinal and therapeutic uses in addition to its oral consumption. The present study was conducted to examine the protective effect of Malva sylvestris L. extract on ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury and remote organ injuries in the liver. Before ischemia-reperfusion, rats in the different groups received intraperitoneal normal saline or mallow extract at the doses of 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg of body weight. After 30-minutes of bilateral renal ischemia followed by 24-hours of reperfusion, tissue damage in the kidney and liver samples were determined through studying H&E-stained slides under a light microscope. The degree of leukocyte infiltration and tissue mRNA expressions of TNF- and ICAM-1 were then measured to examine the degree of renal inflammation. The renal tissue MDA and FRAP levels were measured for determining the amount of oxidative stress. Plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea, ALT and ALP were also measured. Ischemia-reperfusion led to a significant increase in plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea, ALT and ALP, and renal tissue MDA, and a significant decrease in renal tissue FRAP. The expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the kidney tissue, the level of leukocyte infiltration and the amount of tissue damage in the kidney and liver also increased. Pretreatment by mallow extract led to a significant improvement in all the variables measured. The 200- and 400-mg doses yielded better results in most parameters compared to the 600-mg dose. The findings showed that mallow extract protects the kidney against ischemia-reperfusion and reduces remote organ injury in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houshang Najafi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Changizi-Ashtiyani
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Modarresi
- Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Madani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bahar Bastani
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang W, Chen L, Feng H, Wang W, Cai Y, Qi F, Tao X, Liu J, Shen Y, Ren X, Chen X, Xu J, Shen Y. Rifampicin-induced injury in HepG2 cells is alleviated by TUDCA via increasing bile acid transporters expression and enhancing the Nrf2-mediated adaptive response. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:24-35. [PMID: 28688954 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid transporters and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf-2)-mediated adaptive response play important roles in the development of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, little is known about the contribution of the adaptive response to rifampicin (RFP)-induced cell injury. In this study, we found RFP decreased the survival rate of HepG2 cells and increased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), γ-glutamyl-transferase (γ-GT), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), total bile acid (TBA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cell culture supernatants in both a concentration- and a time-dependent manner. RFP increased the expression levels of bile acid transporter proteins and mRNAs, such as bile salt export pump (BSEP), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), Na+/taurocholate cotransporter (NTCP), organic anion transporting protein 2 (OATP2), organic solute transporter β (OSTβ) and Nrf2. Following the transient knockdown of Nrf2 and treatment with RFP, the expression levels of the BSEP, MDR1, MRP2, NTCP, OATP2 and OSTβ proteins and mRNAs were decreased to different degrees. Moreover, the cell survival was decreased, whereas the LDH level in the cell culture supernatant was increased. Overexpression of the Nrf2 gene produced the opposite effects. Treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) increased the expression levels of the bile acid transporters and Nrf2, decreased the expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and inhibited RFP-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, TUDCA reduced cell apoptosis, increased cell survival and decreased the levels of LDH, ALT, AST, AKP, γ-GT, TBIL, DBIL, IBIL, TBA and ATP in the cell culture supernatant. Therefore, TUDCA alleviates RFP-induced injury in HepG2 cells by enhancing bile acid transporters expression and the Nrf2-mediated adaptive response.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/agonists
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/agonists
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/metabolism
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Adenosine Triphosphate
- Alanine Transaminase/genetics
- Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
- Alkaline Phosphatase/genetics
- Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism
- Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacology
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/genetics
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism
- Bilirubin
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/genetics
- Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1/metabolism
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/agonists
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/agonists
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rifampin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Rifampin/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Physiological
- Symporters/genetics
- Symporters/metabolism
- Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid/pharmacology
- gamma-Glutamyltransferase/genetics
- gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China; The First Affliated Hospital of AUTCM, 117 Meishan Road, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Tao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China; Biopharmaceutical Institute, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Khawar MB, Sheikh N. Alterations in transaminase activity and serum level of leptin and hepcidin induced by high fat diet in albino rats. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:951-956. [PMID: 29254298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a commonly growing life-threatening problem of the modern world. The present study was aimed to assess alterations in transaminase levels as well as leptin and hepcidin levels of sera through ELISA after high fat diet consumption for sixteen weeks by albino rats (n=5). Three groups were established: experimental groups 1 and 2 and a control group. Group 1 was fed on a high fat diet having a composition of 33% rat chow +33% sucrose +33% milk powder. Similarly, group 2 was fed with another high fat diet with a mixture of rat chow and milk powder ad libitum. The control group was fed on normal rat chow and water ad libitum. After sixteen weeks, the rats were euthanized and blood was collected for serum separation. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase showed a positive significant increase (P=0.0325) while a significant negative change (P=0.0006) was noted in aspartate aminotransferase levels in both the experimental groups compared to the control group. Serum leptin levels were found to be increased up to 10.06-fold in Group 1 and 6.11-fold in Group 2 when compared to controls. On the other hand, serum hepcidin levels showed up to 1-fold and 2.59-fold changes in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively, compared to controls. Taken together, from these results it can be concluded that a high fat diet not only disturbs normal metabolism, but it also leads to liver inflammation which is obvious by the changes in transaminase activity as well as leptin and hepcidin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Khawar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan
| | - N Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan
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29
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different starch types on liver nutrient metabolism of finishing pigs. In all ninety barrows were randomly allocated to three diets with five replicates of six pigs, containing purified waxy maize starch (WMS), non-waxy maize starch (NMS) and pea starch (PS) (the amylose to amylopectin ratios were 0·07, 0·19 and 0·28, respectively). After 28 d of treatments, two per pen (close to the average body weight of the pen) were weighed individually, slaughtered and liver samples were collected. Compared with the WMS diet, the PS diet decreased the activities of glycogen phosphorylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 in liver (P0·05). Compared with the WMS diet, the PS diet reduced the expressions of glutamate dehydrogenase and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 in liver (P<0·05). PS diet decreased the expression of the insulin receptor, and increased the expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 in liver compared with the WMS diet (P<0·05). These findings indicated that the diet with higher amylose content could down-regulate gluconeogenesis, and cause less fat deposition and more protein deposition by affecting the insulin/PI3K/protein kinase B signalling pathway in liver of finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China
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30
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Trucillo Silva I, Abbaraju HKR, Fallis LP, Liu H, Lee M, Dhugga KS. Biochemical and genetic analyses of N metabolism in maize testcross seedlings: 1. Leaves. Theor Appl Genet 2017; 130:1453-1466. [PMID: 28444412 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aside from the identification of 32 QTL for N metabolism in the seedling leaves of a maize testcross population, alanine aminotransferase was found to be a central enzyme in N assimilation. Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to grow commercial crops like maize is a cause of concern because of the runoff of excess N into streams and rivers. Breeding maize with improved N use efficiency (NUE) would reduce environmental pollution as well as input costs for the farmers. An understanding of the genetics underlying N metabolism is key to breeding for NUE. From a set of 176 testcrosses derived from the maize IBMsyn10 population grown in hydroponics, we analyzed the youngest fully expanded leaf at four-leaf stage for enzymes and metabolites related to N metabolism. Three enzymes, along with one metabolite explained 24% of the variation in shoot dry mass. Alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) stood out as the key enzyme in maintaining the cellular level of glutamate as it alone explained 58% of the variation in this amino acid. Linkage mapping revealed 32 quantitative trait loci (QTL), all trans to the genomic positions of the structural genes for various enzymes of N assimilation. The QTL models for different traits accounted for 7-31% of the genetic variance, whereas epistasis was generally not significant. Five coding regions underlying 1-LOD QTL confidence intervals were identified for further validation studies. Our results provide evidence for the key role of AlaAT in N assimilation likely through homeostatic control of glutamate levels in the leaf cells. The two QTL identified for this enzyme would help to select desirable recombinants for improved N assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hari Kishan R Abbaraju
- Trait Discovery and Technology, DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
- AVX Corporation, One AVX Blvd., Fountain Inn, SC, 29644, USA
| | - Lynne P Fallis
- Trait Discovery and Technology, DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA
- Department of Genetics, Developmental and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Hongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Kanwarpal S Dhugga
- Trait Discovery and Technology, DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA.
- International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT), El Batan, 56237, E.d. Mexico, Mexico.
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31
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Selvaraj MG, Valencia MO, Ogawa S, Lu Y, Wu L, Downs C, Skinner W, Lu Z, Kridl JC, Ishitani M, van Boxtel J. Development and field performance of nitrogen use efficient rice lines for Africa. Plant Biotechnol J 2017; 15:775-787. [PMID: 27889933 PMCID: PMC5425388 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizers are a major input cost in rice production, and its excess application leads to major environmental pollution. Development of rice varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is essential for sustainable agriculture. Here, we report the results of field evaluations of marker-free transgenic NERICA4 (New Rice for Africa 4) rice lines overexpressing barley alanine amino transferase (HvAlaAT) under the control of a rice stress-inducible promoter (pOsAnt1). Field evaluations over three growing seasons and two rice growing ecologies (lowland and upland) revealed that grain yield of pOsAnt1:HvAlaAT transgenic events was significantly higher than sibling nulls and wild-type controls under different N application rates. Our field results clearly demonstrated that this genetic modification can significantly increase the dry biomass and grain yield compared to controls under limited N supply. Increased yield in transgenic events was correlated with increased tiller and panicle number in the field, and evidence of early establishment of a vigorous root system in hydroponic growth. Our results suggest that expression of the HvAlaAT gene can improve NUE in rice without causing undesirable growth phenotypes. The NUE technology described in this article has the potential to significantly reduce the need for N fertilizer and simultaneously improve food security, augment farm economics and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the rice ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milton Orlando Valencia
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)CaliColombia
- Faculty of Agriculture ScienceNational University of ColombiaPalmiraColombia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)CaliColombia
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral FellowGraduate School of Agricultural and Life ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manabu Ishitani
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)CaliColombia
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Lin SH, Chung PH, Wu YY, Fung CP, Hsu CM, Chen LW. Inhibition of nitric oxide production reverses diabetes-induced Kupffer cell activation and Klebsiella pneumonia liver translocation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177269. [PMID: 28493939 PMCID: PMC5426676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is the most common pathogen of pyogenic liver abscess in East and Southeast Asia and diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor. The effect and mechanism of diabetes on KP liver abscess was examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and Akita mice (C57BL/6J-Ins2Akita). KP translocation to liver and plasma alaine transaminase levels were increased and liver clearance of KP was decreased in DM mice. Diabetic mice exhibited overgrowth of Enterococcus as well as E.coli and decreased lactobacilli/bifidas growth in intestine, increased intestinal iNOS protein and nitrite levels in portal vein, and increased IL-1β and TNF-α expression of Kupffer cells. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or dead L. salivarius (dLac) supplementation reversed diabetes-induced enteric dysbiosis, NO levels in portal vein, and KP translocation to liver. L-NAME treatment decreased intestinal iNOS protein expression as well as Kupffer cell activation and increased liver clearance of KP in DM mice. Dead E.coli (2×108 CFU/ml) feeding for one week induced iNOS and TLR4 expression of intestine in germ-free (GF) mice. Dead bacteria feeding induced IL-1β and TNF-α expression of Kupffer cells in GF mice but not in GF TLR4-/- mice. In conclusion, balance of intestinal microflora is important for preventing intestinal iNOS expression, Kupffer cell activation, and KP liver translocation in diabetes. Reversal of diabetes-induced enteric dysbiosis with FOS or dead L. salivarius decreases diabetes-induced intestinal iNOS expression and KP liver translocation. Diabetes induces Kupffer cell activation and KP liver translocation through enteric dysbiosis and nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Han Lin
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Phone Fung
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mei Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Wei Chen
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Mehaisen GMK, Eshak MG, Elkaiaty AM, Atta ARMM, Mashaly MM, Abass AO. Comprehensive growth performance, immune function, plasma biochemistry, gene expressions and cell death morphology responses to a daily corticosterone injection course in broiler chickens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172684. [PMID: 28235061 PMCID: PMC5325522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The massive meat production of broiler chickens make them continuously exposed to potential stressors that stimulate releasing of stress-related hormones like corticosterone (CORT) which is responsible for specific pathways in biological mechanisms and physiological activities. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate a wide range of responses related to broiler performance, immune function, plasma biochemistry, related gene expressions and cell death morphology during and after a 7-day course of CORT injection. A total number of 200 one-day-old commercial Cobb broiler chicks were used in this study. From 21 to 28 d of age, broilers were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups with 5 replicates of 20 birds each; the first group received a daily intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg BW corticosterone dissolved in 0.5 ml ethanol:saline solution (CORT group), while the second group received a daily intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml ethanol:saline only (CONT group). Growth performance, including body weight (BW), daily weight gain (DG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FC), were calculated at 0, 3 and 7 d after the start of the CORT injections. At the same times, blood samples were collected in each group for hematological (TWBC's and H/L ratio), T- and B-lymphocytes proliferation and plasma biochemical assays (total protein, TP; free triiodothyronine hormone, fT3; aspartate amino transaminase, AST; and alanine amino transaminase, ALT). The liver, thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen were dissected and weighed, and the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 gene (IGF-1) in liver and cell-death-program gene (caspase-9) in bursa were analyzed for each group and time; while the apoptotic/necrotic cells were morphologically detected in the spleen. From 28 to 35 d of age, broilers were kept for recovery period without CORT injection and the same sampling and parameters were repeated at the end (at 14 d after initiation of the CORT injection). In general, all parameters of broiler performance were negatively affected by the CORT injection. In addition, CORT treatment decreased the plasma concentration of fT3 and the mRNA expression of hepatic IGF-1. A significant increase in liver weight accompanied by an increase in plasma TP, AST and ALT was observed with CORT treatment, indicating an incidence of liver malfunction by CORT. Moreover, the relative weights of thymus, bursa and spleen decreased by the CORT treatment with low counts of TWBC's and low stimulation of T & B cells while the H/L ratio increased; indicating immunosuppressive effect for CORT treatment. Furthermore, high expression of caspase-9 gene occurred in the bursa of CORT-treated chickens, however, it was associated with a high necrotic vs. low apoptotic cell death pathway in the spleen. Seven days after termination of the CORT treatment in broilers, most of these aspects remained negatively affected by CORT and did not recover to its normal status. The current study provides a comprehensive view of different physiological modulations in broiler chickens by CORT treatment and may set the potential means to mount a successful defense against stress in broilers and other animals as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M. K. Mehaisen
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Mariam G. Eshak
- Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Elkaiaty
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Magdi M. Mashaly
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O. Abass
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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34
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Li Q, Lu C, Li W, Huang Y, Chen L. The independent predictors of significant liver histological changes in chronic hepatitis B virus infection patients with persistently high-normal or low-normal alanine transaminase levels. Discov Med 2017; 23:19-25. [PMID: 28245424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the independent predictors of significant liver histological changes (SLHC) defined as inflammatory grade ≥A2 and/or fibrosis stage ≥F2 using the METAVIR scoring system in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection patients with persistently normal ALT (PNALT) levels. METHODS We enrolled 392 chronic HBV infection patients with PNALT defined as normal ALT (≤40 IU/L) measured on at least three occasions at intervals of more than 2 months apart over a period of 12 or more months. Univariate and multiple analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of SLHC in high-normal ALT (HNALT) (20<ALT≤40 IU/L) and low-normal ALT (LNALT) (ALT≤20 IU/L) groups, respectively. RESULTS Of 392 PNALT patients, 291 (74.2%) had HNALT and 101 (25.8%) had LNALT. The prevalence of SLHC in HNALT group is higher than that in LNALT group (36.4% vs. 19.8%, p=0.002). Of 291 HNALT patients, 106 (36.4%) had SLHC, and multivariate analysis showed that age (OR=1.059, 95%CI, 1.027-1.093, p<0.001), ALT (OR=1.018, 95%CI, 1.052-1.167, p<0.001), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (OR=1.012, 95%CI, 1.002-1.022, p=0.016) were independent predictors of SLHC. Of 101 LNALT patients, 20 (19.8%) had SLHC, and multivariate analysis showed that age (OR=1.121, 95%CI, 1.044-1.204, p=0.002) was the only independent predictor of SLHC. CONCLUSION Age, ALT, and GGT were independent predictors of SLHC in HNALT patients, and age was the only independent predictor of SLHC in LNALT patients. These predictors might be used to screen SLHC, select candidates for liver biopsies, and guide proper antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Hepatitis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Chuan Lu
- Department of Hepatitis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Weixia Li
- Department of Hepatitis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxian Huang
- Department of Hepatitis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatitis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND RuanGanJieDu (RGJD) is a traditional Chinese medicine comprising nine Chinese medicinal herbs. The clinical use of RGJD by us was found that it has a good control effect on hepatic fibrosis (HF) patient. In order to further investigate the Anti-fibrosis mechanism of RGJD, hence this experiment has been carried out. METHODS After treatment, the general conditions of rats in each group were observed. The liver tissues morphology and HF phases were observed under light microscope. The weights of livers and spleens were recorded; the indices of liver and spleen were calculated. The α-SMA and E-cadherin of the liver tissues were determined by Immunohistochemistry, and the contents of ALT AST and PCIII+PCIV+HA+LN in rat serum were detected by ELISA. RESULTS After treatment, the rats in model group presented with abdominal distention and rough hair, lethargy and mental sluggishness, slow movement and irritability; Most rats in RGJD group and colchicine(Col) group were in good spirits and no obvious abnormal motion state. The RGJD had shown significant effects in improving the liver tissue morphology. The HF phases of RGJD group and Col group mainly distributed in the S1-S2 phases, were finer than the model group in the S3 phase (P<0.05). The wet weights and indices of livers and spleens in RGJD group were lower than the control groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the expressions of E-cadherin, α-SMA and the serum levels of AST, ALT and PCIII+ PCIV in RGJD group were obviously decreased than the control groups except HA and LN(P<0.05). CONCLUSION RGJD can improve the liver tissue morphology and reduce serum biochemical and collagen indices of HF, which proved a better curative effect of Chinese medicine than Col on HF and improving liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Xiao-min Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Guo-wang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
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Zhang L, Cheng Q, Zhang L, Wang Y, Merrill GF, Ilani T, Fass D, Arnér ESJ, Zhang J. Serum thioredoxin reductase is highly increased in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma and its activity is restrained by several mechanisms. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:426-435. [PMID: 27581528 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) levels in serum were recently identified as possible prognostic markers for human prostate cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma. We had earlier shown that serum levels of TrxR protein are very low in healthy mice, but can in close correlation to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increase more than 200-fold upon chemically induced liver damage. We also found that enzymatic TrxR activity in serum is counteracted by a yet unidentified oxidase activity in serum. In the present study we found that mice carrying H22 hepatocellular carcinoma tumors present highly increased levels of TrxR in serum, similarly to that reported in human patients. In this case ALT levels did not parallel those of TrxR. We also discovered here that the TrxR-antagonistic oxidase activity in serum is due to the presence of quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (QSOX1). We furthermore found that the chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin or auranofin, when given systemically to H22 tumor bearing mice, can further inhibit TrxR activities in serum. The TrxR serum activity was also inhibited by endogenous electrophilic inhibitors, found to increase in tumor-bearing mice and to include protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Thus, hepatocellular carcinoma triggers high levels of serum TrxR that are not paralleled by ALT, and TrxR enzyme activity in serum is counteracted by several different mechanisms. The physiological role of TrxR in serum, if any, as well as its potential value as a prognostic marker for tumor progression, needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Longjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China
| | - Gary F Merrill
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tal Ilani
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Deborah Fass
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, PR China.
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Ogiso H, Ito H, Ando T, Arioka Y, Kanbe A, Ando K, Ishikawa T, Saito K, Hara A, Moriwaki H, Shimizu M, Seishima M. The Deficiency of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Aggravates the CCl4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162183. [PMID: 27598994 PMCID: PMC5012673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the development of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. The liver fibrosis induced by repetitive administration with CCl4 was aggravated in IDO-KO mice compared to WT mice. In IDO-KO mice treated with CCl4, the number of several inflammatory cells and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines increased in the liver. In the results, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and fibrogenic factors on HSCs increased after repetitive CCl4 administration in IDO-KO mice compared to WT mice. Moreover, the treatment with l-tryptophan aggravated the CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in WT mice. Our findings demonstrated that the IDO deficiency enhanced the inflammation in the liver and aggravated liver fibrosis in repetitive CCl4-treated mice.
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MESH Headings
- Alanine Transaminase/genetics
- Alanine Transaminase/immunology
- Animals
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/immunology
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/drug effects
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/immunology
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/pathology
- Hepatocytes/drug effects
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Immunophenotyping
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/deficiency
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/immunology
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/chemically induced
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/immunology
- Tryptophan/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ogiso
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumu Kanbe
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ando
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hisataka Moriwaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Seishima
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Abbas Z, Yakoob J, Umer MA, Azeem AA, Hamid SS, Jafri W. Interferon Lambda-3 rs12979860 Variants and Response to Pegylated Interferon in Chronic Hepatitis-C Genotype-3. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2016; 26:481-485. [PMID: 27353984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the interferon lambda-3 (IFNλ3) (formal IL-28B) gene rs12979860 in predicting sustained virologic response (SVR) in hepatitis-C virus genotype-3 (HCV-3). STUDY DESIGN Descriptive, analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from July 2012 to June 2014. METHODOLOGY Patients with HCV-3 were classified as sustained virologic response (SVR), relapsers and non-responders. SNPrs12979860 was determined by PCR-RFLPprotocol. Differences between categorical variables were assessed by chi-square or Fisher's exact test, while those between continuous variables were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Binary logistic regression analysis by forward conditional method was performed by using significant variables with p-values less than 0.05 as the criteria for model inclusion. RESULTS Out of 115 patients, rs12979860 genotype-CC, CT, TTwas found in 37 (32.2%), 70 (60.9%), and 8 (7%) patients. 72 patients were male with median age of 45 years. Cirrhosis was present in 32 patients. Patients with response failures (no response and relapse, n=36 and 29, respectively) had higher baseline gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) level (p < 0.001), higher alanine aminotransferase (p=0.027) and cirrhosis (p=0.001) than patients with SVR. Genotype-CC was present in 16/65 in response failures compared to 21/50 who achieved SVR (p=0.048). Rapid virologic response (RVR) (p < 0.001), low GGT(p=0.001) and absence of cirrhosis (p=0.039) were the independent predictive factors for SVR. In patients who could not achieve RVR and in patients with cirrhosis, SVR was seen more in with genotype-CC (p=0.007 and 0.038). CONCLUSION In patients infected with HCV-3, IFNλ3 rs12979860, SNPhas less impact on SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Abbas
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
| | - Javed Yakoob
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
| | - Muhammad A Umer
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
| | - Ali A Azeem
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
| | - Saeed S Hamid
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
| | - Wasim Jafri
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi
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Miles ED, McBride BW, Jia Y, Liao SF, Boling JA, Bridges PJ, Matthews JC. Glutamine synthetase and alanine transaminase expression are decreased in livers of aged vs. young beef cows and GS can be upregulated by 17β-estradiol implants. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:4500-9. [PMID: 26440349 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged beef cows (≥ 8 yr of age) produce calves with lower birth and weaning weights. In mammals, aging is associated with reduced hepatic expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) and alanine transaminase (ALT), thus impaired hepatic Gln-Glu cycle function. To determine if the relative protein content of GS, ALT, aspartate transaminase (AST), glutamate transporters (EAAC1, GLT-1), and their regulating protein (GTRAP3-18) differed in biopsied liver tissue of (a) aged vs. young (3 to 4 yr old) nonlactating, nongestating Angus cows (Exp. 1 and 2) and (b) aged mixed-breed cows with and without COMPUDOSE (17β-estradiol) ear implants (Exp. 3), Western blot analyses were performed. In Exp. 1, 12 young (3.62 ± 0.01 yr) and 13 aged (10.08 ± 0.42 yr) cows grazed the same mixed forage for 42 d (August-October). In Exp. 2, 12 young (3.36 ± 0.01 yr) and 12 aged (10.38 ± 0.47 yr) cows were individually fed (1.03% of BW) a corn-silage-based diet to maintain BW for 20 d. For both Exp. 1 and 2, the effect of cow age was assessed by ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Cow BW did not change ( ≥ 0.17). Hepatic ALT (78% and 61%) and GS (52% and 71%) protein content (Exp. 1 and 2, respectively) was decreased ( ≤ 0.01), whereas GTRAP3-18 (an inhibitor of EAAC1 activity) increased ( ≤ 0.01; 170% and 136%) and AST, GLT-1, and EAAC1 contents did not differ ( ≥ 0.17) in aged vs. young cows. In Exp. 2, free concentrations (nmol/g) of Glu, Ala, Gln, Arg, and Orn in liver homogenates were determined. Aged cows tended to have less ( = 0.10) free Gln (15.0%) than young cows, whereas other AA concentrations did not differ ( 0.26). In Exp. 3, 14 aged (> 10 yr) cows were randomly allotted ( = 7) to sham or COMPUDOSE (25.7 mg of 17β-estradiol) implant treatment (TRT), and had ad libitum access to alfalfa hay for 28 d. Blood and liver biopsies were collected 14 and 28 d after implant treatment. Treatment, time after implant (DAY), and TRT × DAY effects were assessed by ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Cow BW was not affected ( ≥ 0.96). Implant increased ( ≤ 0.02) total plasma estradiol by 220% (5.07 vs. 1.58 pg/mL) and GS protein by 300%, whereas the relative content of other proteins was not altered ( ≥ 0.16). We conclude that hepatic expression of ALT and GS are reduced in aged vs. young cows, and administration of 17β-estradiol to aged cows increases plasma estradiol and hepatic GS, but not that of other proteins that support hepatic Glu metabolism.
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Veillon P, Fouchard-Hubert I, Larrey D, Dao MT, D'alteroche L, Boyer-Darrigand N, Picard N, Le Guillou-Guillemette H, Saulnier P, Ducancelle A, Loustaud-Ratti V, Lunel-Fabiani F. Does Epoetin Beta Still Have a Place in Peginterferon Alpha-2a Plus Ribavirin Treatment Strategies for Chronic Hepatitis C? J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:204-14. [PMID: 26700738 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the impact of epoetin beta (EPO) on sustained virological response (SVR) in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients treated with peginterferon-ribavirin (RBV). Controlled, randomized, pragmatic multicenter study to assess 2 strategies, ie, the use (EPO group) or nonuse (control group) of EPO in terms of achieving SVR in treatment-naive, genotype non-2/non-3 HCV-infected patients receiving a 48-week treatment regimen of pegylated interferon α-2a (peg-IFN) plus RBV (randomization 2:1). The single-nucleotide polymorphisms of interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) (rs12979860 and rs8099917), interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) (ss469415590), and inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) (rs1127354 and rs7270101) were determined retrospectively. Two hundred twenty-seven patients were included in the study. In the global population (n = 227), the overall SVR rate was 52% (118/227). Nonresponse and relapse occurred in respectively 46/227 (20.3%) and 42/227 (18.5%) patients. In the intention-to-treat analysis, 55.5% of patients with anemia (n = 164) had a SVR, specifically 57.4% in the EPO group versus 52.4% in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. In the anemic population, independent factors associated with SVR were IFNL3 and IFNL4 polymorphisms, pretreatment HCV RNA level, iron level, and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio. EPO has little impact on SVR in patients treated with peg-IFN+RBV and should be recommended only for patients with severe anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Veillon
- 1 Department of Virology, University Hospital of Angers , Angers, France
- 2 HIFIH Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, University of Angers , Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Fouchard-Hubert
- 2 HIFIH Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, University of Angers , Angers, France
- 3 Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Angers , Angers, France
| | - Dominique Larrey
- 4 Department of Hepatology and Transplantation, University Hospital of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
| | - Manh Thông Dao
- 5 Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Caen , Caen, France
| | - Louis D'alteroche
- 6 Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Tours , Chambray-les-Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Boyer-Darrigand
- 7 Department of Hepatology, Physiopathology and Treatment of Viral Hepatitis, Hospital of Beaujon , Clichy, France
| | - Nicolas Picard
- 8 INSERM UMR-850, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacovigilance, University Hospital of Limoges , Limoges, France
| | - Hélène Le Guillou-Guillemette
- 1 Department of Virology, University Hospital of Angers , Angers, France
- 2 HIFIH Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, University of Angers , Angers, France
| | - Patrick Saulnier
- 9 Micro and Nanomedecines biomimetics, INSERM UMRS 1066, University of Angers , Angers, France
| | - Alexandra Ducancelle
- 1 Department of Virology, University Hospital of Angers , Angers, France
- 2 HIFIH Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, University of Angers , Angers, France
| | - Véronique Loustaud-Ratti
- 10 Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Limoges , INSERM UMR 1092, Limoges, France
| | - Françoise Lunel-Fabiani
- 1 Department of Virology, University Hospital of Angers , Angers, France
- 2 HIFIH Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, UPRES 3859, SFR 4208, University of Angers , Angers, France
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Xiong XL, Yan SQ, Qin H, Zhou LS, Zhang LL, Jiang ZX, Ding Y. [Protective effect of emodin pretreatment in young rats with intrahepatic cholestasis]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18:165-71. [PMID: 26903065 PMCID: PMC7403045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of emodin in young rats with intrahepatic cholestasis. METHODS A total of 120 young Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model, and high-, medium-, and low-dose emodin groups, with 24 rats in each group. The rats in the control and model groups were given sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution by gavage, while the other groups were given different doses of emodin solution by gavage. On the 5th day of experiment, alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT, 50 mg/kg) was applied by gavage to establish the model of intrahepatic cholestasis in all groups except the control group. At 24, 48, and 72 hours after gavage, 8 rats in each group were sacrificed. Colorimetry was used to measure the serum levels of total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), total bile acid (TBA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in each group, and hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to observe the morphological changes of the liver under a light microscope at different time points. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the model group had significantly increased serum levels of TBIL, DBIL, TBA, ALP, GGT, ALT, and AST at the 24-hour, 48-hour, and 72-hour time points (P<0.01). In the model group, the serum levels of TBIL, DBIL, TBA, ALT, and AST showed varying degrees of increase at 48 hours after establishment of model, compared with the values at 24 and 72 hours (P<0.05). At 24, 48, and 72 hours, the high-, medium-, and low-dose emodin groups had varying degrees of reductions in the serum levels of TBIL and TBA compared with the model group (P<0.05); the high- and low-dose emodin groups had significantly increased serum levels of TBA compared with the medium-dose emodin group (P<0.05). The model group had the most severe pathological changes at 48 hours. Compared with the model group, the high-, medium-, and low-dose emodin groups showed certain improvement in pathological changes of the liver at each time point, and the medium-dose emodin group had better improvement compared with the high- and low-dose emodin groups. CONCLUSIONS Emodin can effectively improve ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in young rats, and medium-dose emodin shows the best effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Xiong
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Children′s Hospital, Wuhan 430016, China.
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González JD, Silva-Marrero JI, Metón I, Caballero-Solares A, Viegas I, Fernández F, Miñarro M, Fàbregas A, Ticó JR, Jones JG, Baanante IV. Chitosan-Mediated shRNA Knockdown of Cytosolic Alanine Aminotransferase Improves Hepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2016; 18:85-97. [PMID: 26475146 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) catalyses a transamination reaction that links carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In this study, we examined the effect of silencing cytosolic ALT (cALT) expression on the hepatic metabolism in Sparus aurata. A number of siRNA and shRNA designed to down-regulate cALT expression were validated in HEK-293 cells transfected with plasmids expressing S. aurata cALT or mitochondrial ALT (mALT) isoforms: ALT silencing significantly decreased the expression levels of S. aurata mRNA cALT1 to 62% (siRNA) and 48% (shRNA) of the values observed in control cells. The effect of cALT silencing was analysed in the liver of S. aurata 72 h after intraperitoneal injection of chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles complexed with a plasmid encoding a shRNA to down-regulate cALT expression (pCpG-si1sh1). In fish fed diets with different ratio of protein to carbohydrate and treated with chitosan-TPP-pCpG-si1sh1, cALT1 and cALT2 mRNA levels significantly decreased irrespective of the diet. Consistently, ALT activity decreased in liver of treated animals. In the liver of S. aurata treated with chitosan-TPP-pCpG-si1sh1 nanoparticles, down-regulation of cALT expression increased the activity of key enzymes in glycolysis (6-phosphofructo-1-kinase and pyruvate kinase) and protein metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase). Besides showing for the first time that administration of chitosan-TPP-pCpG-si1sh1 nanoparticles silences hepatic cALT expression in vivo, our data support that down-regulation of cALT could improve the use of dietary carbohydrates to obtain energy and spare protein catabolism.
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Yang J, Kim SR, Lee SK, Choi H, Jeon JS, An G. Alanine aminotransferase 1 (OsAlaAT1) plays an essential role in the regulation of starch storage in rice endosperm. Plant Sci 2015; 240:79-89. [PMID: 26475189 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of storage substances, in particular the major storage form starch, leads to floury endosperm. Because floury mutants have physical attributes for milling processes, identification and characterization of those mutants are valuable. In this study we identified a floury endosperm mutant caused by a T-DNA insertion in Oryza sativa alanine-aminotransferase1 (OsAlaAT1). OsAlaAT1 is localized in the cytosol and has aminotransferase enzyme activity. The osalaat1 mutant has less amylose and its amylopectin is structurally altered. OsAlaAT1 is predominantly expressed in developing seeds during active starch synthesis. AlaAT catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate to alanine, and this pathway is activated under low-oxygen conditions. Consistently, OsAlaAT1 is induced by such conditions. Expression of the starch synthesis genes AGPases, OsSSI, OsSSIIa, and OsPPDKB is decreased in the mutant. Thus, our observations suggest that OsAlaAT1 plays an essential role in starch synthesis in developing seeds that are exposed to low concentrations of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungil Yang
- Crop Biotech Institute & Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ryul Kim
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Crop Biotech Institute & Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebak Choi
- Crop Biotech Institute & Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Crop Biotech Institute & Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute & Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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Lim GS, Chang JS, Lei Z, Wu R, Wang Z, Cui K, Wong S. A lab-on-a-chip system integrating tissue sample preparation and multiplex RT-qPCR for gene expression analysis in point-of-care hepatotoxicity assessment. Lab Chip 2015; 15:4032-4043. [PMID: 26329655 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00798d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A truly practical lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system for point-of-care testing (POCT) hepatotoxicity assessment necessitates the embodiment of full-automation, ease-of-use and "sample-in-answer-out" diagnostic capabilities. To date, the reported microfluidic devices for POCT hepatotoxicity assessment remain rudimentary as they largely embody only semi-quantitative or single sample/gene detection capabilities. In this paper, we describe, for the first time, an integrated LOC system that is somewhat close to a practical POCT hepatotoxicity assessment device - it embodies both tissue sample preparation and multiplex real-time RT-PCR. It features semi-automation, is relatively easy to use, and has "sample-in-answer-out" capabilities for multiplex gene expression analysis. Our tissue sample preparation module incorporating both a microhomogenizer and surface-treated paramagnetic microbeads yielded high purity mRNA extracts, considerably better than manual means of extraction. A primer preloading surface treatment procedure and the single-loading inlet on our multiplex real-time RT-PCR module simplify off-chip handling procedures for ease-of-use. To demonstrate the efficacy of our LOC system for POCT hepatotoxicity assessment, we perform a preclinical animal study with the administration of cyclophosphamide, followed by gene expression analysis of two critical protein biomarkers for liver function tests, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). Our experimental results depict normalized fold changes of 1.62 and 1.31 for AST and ALT, respectively, illustrating up-regulations in their expression levels and hence validating their selection as critical genes of interest. In short, we illustrate the feasibility of multiplex gene expression analysis in an integrated LOC system as a viable POCT means for hepatotoxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geok Soon Lim
- Nanyang Technological University, 71 Nanyang Dr, 638075 Singapore.
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Qian K, Zhong S, Xie K, Yu D, Yang R, Gong DW. Hepatic ALT isoenzymes are elevated in gluconeogenic conditions including diabetes and suppressed by insulin at the protein level. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:562-71. [PMID: 25865565 PMCID: PMC4696510 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alanine transaminase (ALT) plays an important role in gluconeogenesis by converting alanine into pyruvate for glucose production. Early studies have shown that ALT activities are upregulated in gluconeogenic conditions and may be implicated in the development of diabetes. ALT consists of two isoforms, ALT1 and ALT2, with distinctive subcellular and tissue distributions. Whether and how they are regulated are largely unknown. METHODS By using Western blotting analysis, we measured hepatic ALT isoforms at the protein level in obese and diabetic animals and in Fao hepatoma cells treated with dexamethasone and insulin. In addition, we measured glucose output in Fao cells over-expressing ALT1 and ALT2. RESULTS Both ALT isoforms in the liver were increased in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats and during fasting. However, in ob/ob mice, only ALT2, but not ALT1, protein levels were elevated, and the increase of ALT2 was correlated with that of ALT activity. We further demonstrated that, in vitro, both ALT1 and ALT2 were induced by glucocorticoid dexamethasone, but suppressed by insulin in Fao cells. Finally, we showed that the over-expression of ALT1 and ALT2 in Fao cells directly increased glucose output. CONCLUSIONS We have shown the similarity and difference in the regulation of ALT isoforms in gluconeogenic conditions at the protein level, supporting that ALT isoenzymes play an important role in glucose metabolism and may be implicated the development of insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, 400016
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Shao Zhong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, The First Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China, 215300
| | - Keming Xie
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Daozhan Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Rongze Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Da-Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Da-Wei Gong, M.D., Ph.D., University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 W. Redwood Street, HH#497, Baltimore, MD 21201, , Tel.: (410) 706-1672
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Celis K, Shuldiner S, Haverfield EV, Cappell J, Yang R, Gong DW, Chung WK. Loss of function mutation in glutamic pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) causes developmental encephalopathy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:941-8. [PMID: 25758935 PMCID: PMC4919120 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability is genetically heterogeneous, and it is likely that many of the responsible genes have not yet been identified. We describe three siblings with isolated, severe developmental encephalopathy. After extensive uninformative genetic and metabolic testing, whole exome sequencing identified a homozygous novel variant in glutamic pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) or alanine transaminase 2 (ALT2), c.459 C > G p.Ser153Arg that segregated with developmental encephalopathy in the family. This variant was predicted to be damaging by all in silico prediction algorithms. GPT2 is the gene encoding ALT2 which is responsible for the reversible transamination of alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. GPT2 is expressed in brain and is in the pathway to generate glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter. Functional assays of recombinant wild-type and mutant ALT2 proteins demonstrated the p.Ser153Arg mutation resulted in a severe loss of enzymatic function. We suggest that recessively inherited loss of function GPT2 mutations are a novel cause of intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Celis
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua Cappell
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rongze Yang
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Da-Wei Gong
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, Room 620, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Xiaohua D, Jin Z, Hui W, Haifeng C, Chao Z, Zepu Y. Effect of Yajieshaba, a preparation of Dai indigenous medicine, on enhanced liver detoxification. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2015; 35:197-205. [PMID: 25975053 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanistic effects of Yajieshaba (YJSB) on enhanced liver detoxification. METHODS The effects of YJSB on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assayed in five acute chemical liver injury models [carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), D-galactosamine (D-Glan), 4-acetamidophenol (AAP), thioacetamide (TAA) and 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)]. Sleep latency and sleep time of pentobarbital sodium were tested in control mice and CCl4 model miceafter oral YJSB administration. The effects of YJSB on drug metabolism enzymes of liver microsomes were tested in control rats and CCl4 model rats. The levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and Cyt b5 in liver microsomes were assayed using the method by Omura and Sato, and activities of erythromycin N-demethylase (ERD) and aminopyrine N-demethyl (ADM) were evaluated by Nash colorimetry. Probe substrate-based high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were established for CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. RESULTS The level of serum ALT was reduced by YJSB at 3.51 g/kg in the five models as follows: CCl4 > D-Glan, AAP, ANIT > TAA. YJSB treatment did not reduce the level of serum AST. YJSB at 3.51 g/kg prolonged the sleep latency in control mice and shortened the sleep time of control mice and CCl4 model mice. For control rats, YJSB at 2.43 g/kg increased the levels of CYP450 and Cyt b5 and induced the activities of ERD and ADM; for liver injuries induced by CCl4 in rats, YJSB at 2.43 g/kg increased the levels of CYP450 and Cyt b5. These results suggest that YJSB at 2.43 g/kg induces CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. CONCLUSION These results suggest that YJSB enhanced liver detoxification and the mechanisms may be partially related to CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 induction.
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Snyman SJ, Hajari E, Watt MP, Lu Y, Kridl JC. Improved nitrogen use efficiency in transgenic sugarcane: phenotypic assessment in a pot trial under low nitrogen conditions. Plant Cell Rep 2015; 34:667-9. [PMID: 25686580 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane lines transformed with an alanine aminotransferase gene demonstrated an improved nitrogen use efficiency compared with untransformed controls in a pot trial under low nitrogen conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Snyman
- South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI), Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, 4300, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa,
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Wang YH, Geng L, Li H. [Study on effect of scutellarin in resisting liver fibrosis in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:1999-2003. [PMID: 26390663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Totally 80 rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, low, middle and high dose (25, 50, 100 mg x kg(-1)) scutellarin( SC) groups and the colchicine ( Col) group. Apart from the blank group, all of the remaining groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL pig serum twice every week for consecutively 13 weeks and orally administered with the corresponding drugs since the 9th week. The blank group and the model group were orally given equal volume of normal saline once every for consecutively four weeks. After the experiment, efforts were made to detect the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), total bilirubin (TBIL), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN) and collagen type IV (CIV), collect liver tissues of fixed positions, observe the pathological changes through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, conduct the pathological grading for liver fibrosis, determine the expressions of hepatic collagen type I and III (C I, C III) and calculate their color rendering index. Compared with the model group, low, middle and high dose (25, 50, 100 mg x kg(-1)) SC groups could decrease the contents of ALT, AST, TBIL, HA, LN, CIV, increase the contents of ALB, TP in serum and reduce the contents of C I, C III in liver tissues. In conclusion, scutellarin has a certain therapeutic effect on immune liver fibrosis in rats induced by pig serum.
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Yang L, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu Y. Effect of allogeneic umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in a rat model of hepatic cirrhosis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2015; 35:63-8. [PMID: 25842730 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) transplantation, alone or in combination with tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) on hepatic cirrhosis in rats. METHODS A rat model of cirrhosis was established. Rats were divided into control, UCMSC, and UCSMC plus Tan IIA groups. Rats in the UCMSC group were injected via the tail vein with 0.2 mL Dil-labeled UCMSC suspension. Intraperitoneal Tan IIA injections (20 mg/kg) were started on the day of UCMSC transplantation in the UCMSC plus Tan IIA group, and continued for 7 consecutive days thereafter. Rats were sacrificed 1 day, 3 days, 1 month, and 3 months after transplantation and the numbers of Dil-labeled UCMSCs colonizing the liver were determined. Albumin (ALB) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured in venous blood, and mRNA and protein expression levels of human ALB and cytokeratin (CK)-18 in liver tissues were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Serum ALT levels were significantly lower and serum ALB levels significantly higher in rats in the UCMSC group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Hepatic CK-18 and ALB mRNA and protein expression levels increased after transplantation, and were significantly higher in the UCMSC plus Tan IIA group compared with the UCMSC group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Human UCMSCs transplanted into rats with liver cirrhosis can grow and differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells resulting in improved liver function in vivo. Tan IIA further influenced transplantation outcomes.
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