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Goodman RE. Twenty-eight years of GM Food and feed without harm: why not accept them? GM Crops Food 2024; 15:40-50. [PMID: 38471133 PMCID: PMC10939142 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2024.2305944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Since the first genetically engineered or modified crops or organisms (GMO) were approved for commercial production in 1995, no new GMO has been proven to be a hazard or cause harm to human consumers. These modifications have improved crop efficiency, reduced losses to insect pests, reduced losses to viral and microbial plant pathogens and improved drought tolerance. A few have focused on nutritional improvements producing beta carotene in Golden Rice. Regulators in the United States and countries signing the CODEX Alimentarius and Cartagena Biosafety agreements have evaluated human and animal food safety considering potential risks of allergenicity, toxicity, nutritional and anti-nutritional risks. They consider risks for non-target organisms and the environment. There are no cases where post-market surveillance has uncovered harm to consumers or the environment including potential transfer of DNA from the GMO to non-target organisms. In fact, many GMOs have helped improve production, yield and reduced risks from chemical insecticides or fungicides. Yet there are generic calls to label foods containing any genetic modification as a GMO and refusing to allow GM events to be labeled as organic. Many African countries have accepted the Cartagena Protocol as a tool to keep GM events out of their countries while facing food insecurity. The rationale for those restrictions are not rational. Other issues related to genetic diversity, seed production and environmental safety must be addressed. What can be done to increase acceptance of safe and nutritious foods as the population increases, land for cultivation is reduced and energy costs soar?
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Goodman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Department of Food Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Reuscher KJ, Salter RS, da Silva TE, Van Os JMC. Comparison of behavior, thermoregulation, and growth of pair-housed versus individually housed calves in outdoor hutches during continental wintertime. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2268-2283. [PMID: 37939840 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress negatively affects the welfare of calves in outdoor hutches. No studies have examined the potential benefits of pair housing calves to buffer against cold stress. Our study evaluated the effects of pair versus individual housing on thermoregulatory, behavioral, and growth performance responses of calves in outdoor hutches during a Wisconsin continental winter. Forty-eight Holstein-Friesian heifer calves were enrolled into 1 of 2 housing treatments: individually (n = 16 calves) or pair housed (n = 16 pairs; 32 calves). Calves were fed milk twice daily, with ad libitum access to starter and water. Step-down weaning began on d 42 of life, and all milk was removed on d 54. Data collection continued through d 59. Calves were restricted inside a hutch (pair-housed calves in the same hutch) for 1 h during wk 4, 6, and 9 of life; internal hutch air temperature (T) was recorded with data loggers, and rectal temperature (RT) was recorded outside the hutch before and after restriction. On the subsequent 3 d in those weeks, calves' locations (outside or inside a hutch) were recorded at 15-min intervals using time-lapse cameras. Linear mixed models (change in T and RT after 1 h) and generalized linear mixed models with a β distribution (proportion of time spent inside hutches) were used to evaluate the fixed effects of housing treatment, week of life, and their interaction. For pair-housed calves, preference to be together was evaluated using one-sample t-tests comparing the proportion of time they were observed in the same location against 50% (chance, no preference), separately for each week of life. Predicted dry matter intake (DMI) of starter and body weight (BW) were standardized by day of life using regression models and used to calculate average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; DMI of starter/ADG). Linear mixed models were constructed for each measure, separately for the preweaning, weaning, and postweaning periods, with a fixed effect of housing treatment; the models for BW included birth weight as a covariate. All mixed models included a random term for housing unit (individual or pair of calves) nested within treatment. Hutch T increased more after 1 h with pair-housed calves inside than with those housed individually (+2.3 vs. 1.4°C, respectively; standard error of the mean = 0.26°C). However, no treatment differences were detected in RT. Individually housed calves spent more time inside the hutches than pair-housed ones (93.9 vs. 90.7% of total time, respectively; standard error of the mean = 0.8%), and the latter chose to be together most of the time, regardless of location (90.0 ± 1.3%, 88.6 ± 1.2%, and 79.4 ± 4.2% in wk 4, 6, and 9 of life, respectively). After weaning, there was some evidence suggesting that pair-housed calves had greater starter DMI than those housed individually. No effects of housing type were found on FCR, BW, or ADG. Our study is the first to explicitly examine the potential benefits of pair housing for alleviating cold stress in outdoor-housed dairy calves, and we found limited evidence in support of our hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Reuscher
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Rekia S Salter
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Tadeu E da Silva
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Jennifer M C Van Os
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
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Chen X, Luo C, Liu Y, Li T, Zhang H, Feng X. Effects of soyhulls with different particle size on the growth performance, blood indices and gut microbiota of yellow feather broilers. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:191-202. [PMID: 38416127 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2308276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soyhulls with different particle sizes on the growth performance, blood indices and gut microbiota of yellow feather broilers.2. Total of 240 healthy, one-day-old, yellow feather broilers were randomly divided into four groups, with six pen replicates within each group and ten birds per pen. The control group birds were fed the basal diet (Control). For the treatment groups, 5% soyhulls with different particle sizes were included in the basal diet. The particle size geometric mean diameters (dgw) of the soyhulls in the three treatment groups were 299.69 μm (LowPS), 489.85 μm (MediumPS) and 734.83 μm (HighPS) with geometric standard deviation (Sgw) 1.75 μm, 1.62 μm and 1.67 μm, respectively.3. Results showed that the growth performance variables and organ indices were not different among the four groups. The MediumPS group had increased TG, T-CHO, ALT, HDL-C, and GSH-PX levels and decreased T-AOC levels, whereas LowPS and HighPS groups had increased HDL-C and GSH-PX levels (p < 0.05). Microbial diversity analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota of yellow feather broilers mainly included Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Inclusion of 5% soyhulls with different particle size had no effect on alpha diversity indices of caecal microbiota. The HighPS group had significantly higher relative abundance of Firmicutes spp. and lower Bacteroidetes spp. compared with the LowPS and MediumPS group but this was not different from the Control group. The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria spp. was significantly higher in the HighPS group than the other three groups. LEfSe analysis showed that there were more enriched biomarker taxa in the groups with soyhulls than the control group.4. Overall, the inclusion of soyhulls with different particle sizes had limited effects on growth performance, blood indices and caecal microbiota composition of yellow feather broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - C Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Y Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - T Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - H Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - X Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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4
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Hernández Álvarez UM, López Colomba E, Bollati GP, Carloni EJ, Reutemann AG, Grunberg KA. Effects of leaf and stem maturation on nutritional value in Megathyrsus maximus. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:2937-2946. [PMID: 38057938 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Megathyrsus maximus is a forage grass native to Africa but widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world where it is part of the grazing food chain. This study aimed to evaluate five M. maximus genotypes for the effect of maturity on their morpho-agronomic traits, nutritional composition and digestibility, and to correlate their leaf blade and stem anatomy with their nutritional value. RESULTS The proportion of sclerenchyma tissues increased as maturity was reached, while lignin accumulation was differentiated between genotypes. Gatton Panic, Green Panic and Mutale genotypes maintained their acid detergent lignin (ADL) values for leaf blades in the three cuts evaluated. In sacco ruminal dry matter disappearance was lower in Green Panic genotype at the vegetative stage for stems, but not for leaf blades. Significant positive correlations were found between dry matter disappearance and mesophyll tissues, and the latter were negatively correlated with neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ADL. CONCLUSION Our results strongly indicate that cutting age and genotype affected the nutritional value of M. maximus leaf blades and stems, with a more pronounced loss of quality in stems than in leaf blades. We recommend increasing the frequency of grazing at early stage or anticipating the stage of stem elongation in Green Panic to produce forage with better nutritional value. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urys M Hernández Álvarez
- Plant Genetic Resources Area, Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (INTA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eliana López Colomba
- Plant Genetic Resources Area, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (INTA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Graciela P Bollati
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo J Carloni
- Plant Genetic Resources Area, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (INTA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea G Reutemann
- Department of Plant Biology, Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Karina A Grunberg
- Plant Genetic Resources Area, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (INTA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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Lekhal S. Talk to me about your diet! Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2024; 144:24-0113. [PMID: 38506006 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.24.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
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Bardhan A, Abraham TJ, Dash G, Nagesh TS, Sau SK, Patil PK. Intestinal Histopathological Aberrations in Oreochromis niloticus Juveniles upon Dietary Florfenicol Administration. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2024; 112:50. [PMID: 38491299 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The aquaculture use of antibiotics can cause detrimental effects on fish organs and gut microbial dysbiosis. The impact of florfenicol (FFC) on fish intestinal histology, an approved antibiotic, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of FFC on Oreochromis niloticus juveniles by administering FFC at 10 mg and 30 mg/kg biomass/day for 30 consecutive days to mimic long-term use. A dose-dependent reduction in feed intake, survival and biomass, with an upsurge in mortalities was observed. Even the therapeutic dose instigated mortalities on day 30 of FFC dosing (FD). Histopathological analysis revealed mild to moderate alterations, including loss of absorptive regions, epithelial degeneration, necrotized areas, intercellular enterocytic space and swollen laminar propria. Post-dosing, the observation of the detachment of lamina propria from the epithelium indicated imminent irritability. Goblet cells reduced drastically on day 30 FD, accompanied by an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes. However, cessation of dosing for 13 days resulted in the reclamation of goblet cells and absorptive regions, indicating that the intestinal tissues underwent considerable repair after lifting antibiotic pressure. These findings suggested that O. niloticus can tolerate dietary FFC but emphasize the need for responsible use of antibiotics in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Bardhan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India.
| | - Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India
| | - Gadadhar Dash
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India
| | - Talagunda Srinivasan Nagesh
- Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India
| | - Surya Kanta Sau
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700094, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Patil
- Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, 600028, India
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Martínez-Álvaro M, Mattock J, González-Recio Ó, Saborío-Montero A, Weng Z, Lima J, Duthie CA, Dewhurst R, Cleveland MA, Watson M, Roehe R. Including microbiome information in a multi-trait genomic evaluation: a case study on longitudinal growth performance in beef cattle. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:19. [PMID: 38491422 PMCID: PMC10943865 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth rate is an important component of feed conversion efficiency in cattle and varies across the different stages of the finishing period. The metabolic effect of the rumen microbiome is essential for cattle growth, and investigating the genomic and microbial factors that underlie this temporal variation can help maximize feed conversion efficiency at each growth stage. RESULTS By analysing longitudinal body weights during the finishing period and genomic and metagenomic data from 359 beef cattle, our study demonstrates that the influence of the host genome on the functional rumen microbiome contributes to the temporal variation in average daily gain (ADG) in different months (ADG1, ADG2, ADG3, ADG4). Five hundred and thirty-three additive log-ratio transformed microbial genes (alr-MG) had non-zero genomic correlations (rg) with at least one ADG-trait (ranging from |0.21| to |0.42|). Only a few alr-MG correlated with more than one ADG-trait, which suggests that a differential host-microbiome determinism underlies ADG at different stages. These alr-MG were involved in ribosomal biosynthesis, energy processes, sulphur and aminoacid metabolism and transport, or lipopolysaccharide signalling, among others. We selected two alternative subsets of 32 alr-MG that had a non-uniform or a uniform rg sign with all the ADG-traits, regardless of the rg magnitude, and used them to develop a microbiome-driven breeding strategy based on alr-MG only, or combined with ADG-traits, which was aimed at shaping the rumen microbiome towards increased ADG at all finishing stages. Combining alr-MG information with ADG records increased prediction accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) by 11 to 22% relative to the direct breeding strategy (using ADG-traits only), whereas using microbiome information, only, achieved lower accuracies (from 7 to 41%). Predicted selection responses varied consistently with accuracies. Restricting alr-MG based on their rg sign (uniform subset) did not yield a gain in the predicted response compared to the non-uniform subset, which is explained by the absence of alr-MG showing non-zero rg at least with more than one of the ADG-traits. CONCLUSIONS Our work sheds light on the role of the microbial metabolism in the growth trajectory of beef cattle at the genomic level and provides insights into the potential benefits of using microbiome information in future genomic breeding programs to accurately estimate GEBV and increase ADG at each finishing stage in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martínez-Álvaro
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | | | | | - Alejandro Saborío-Montero
- Escuela de Zootecnia y Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
| | | | - Joana Lima
- Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mick Watson
- Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Rainer Roehe
- Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
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Angmo K, Adhikari BS, Bussmann RW, Rawat GS. Harmony in nature: understanding the cultural and ecological aspects of plant use in Ladakh. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2024; 20:34. [PMID: 38486266 PMCID: PMC10938689 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional knowledge (TK) in Ladakh encapsulates a repository of experimental wisdom cultivated over millennia. Despite this cultural wealth, dwindling interest among the younger generations in the region's age-old practices underscores the urgency to document TK. The current study investigates the diverse usage of plants in Surru, Wakha and Lower Indus valleys of Western Ladakh exploring the influence of socioeconomic and ecological factors. METHODS A stratified random sample approach was adopted to select 540 respondents for gathering information of useful plants through interviews and questionnaires. Participant observation, questionnaires, open-ended and semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. Free listing was done to create an extensive list of plants and their uses. Ethnobotanical metrics such as relative frequency of citation (RFC), relative importance index (RI), cultural value (CV) index and cultural importance (CI) index were computed to assess species applicability. Additionally, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to discern significant differences in knowledge levels based on valleys, gender, education and religion using TK as a response variable. RESULTS Altogether, we recorded 246 plant species under various ethnobotanical uses from Western Ladakh. These include medicinal (126), fodder (124), wild ornamentals (86), food (81), fuel wood (54), dye (20), religious (31) and others (34). Novel plant reports include Berberis brandisiana Ahrendt and Dactylorhiza kafiriana Renz. The dominant plant family is Asteraceae with 35 species. Suru valley exhibits the highest number of cited plants followed by Wakha-chu and Lower Indus valleys (192, 168 and 152 species, respectively). CONCLUSION Disparities in plant use understanding are evident among different groups, prompting further investigation through intercultural comparisons. Plants such as Arnebia euchroma, Juniperus semiglobosa, and Artemisia species emerge with cultural importance. Gender, valley affiliation, religious background and the remoteness of a village all influence local plant knowledge. These variations are linked to socioeconomic disparities among communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunzes Angmo
- High Mountain Arid Agriculture Research Institute, SKUAST-K, Stakna, Leh, Ladakh, India.
| | - Bhupendra S Adhikari
- Wildlife Institute of India, PO Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Rainer W Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, 0105, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Botany, State Museum of Natural History, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gopal S Rawat
- Wildlife Institute of India, PO Box 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
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Sato Y, Sato R, Fukui E, Yoshizawa F. Impact of rumen microbiome on cattle carcass traits. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6064. [PMID: 38480864 PMCID: PMC10937913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rumen microbes are crucial in the anaerobic fermentation of plant polysaccharides to produce volatile fatty acids. However, limited information exists about the specific microbial species and strains in the rumen that affect carcass traits, and it is unclear whether there is a relationship between rumen metabolic functions and these traits. This study investigated the relationship between the rumen microbiome and carcass traits in beef cattle using 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun sequencing. Metagenomic sequencing was used to compare the rumen microbiome between high-carcass weight (HW) and low-carcass weight (LW) cattle, and high-marbling (HM) and low-marbling (LM) cattle. Prokaryotic communities in the rumen of HW vs. LW and HM vs. LM were separated using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Notably, shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed that HW cattle had more methane-producing bacteria and ciliate protozoa, suggesting higher methane emissions. Additionally, variations were observed in the abundances of certain glycoside hydrolases and polysaccharide lyases involved in the ruminal degradation of plant polysaccharides between HW and LW. From our metagenome dataset, 807 non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of medium to high quality were obtained. Among these, 309 and 113 MAGs were associated with carcass weight and marbling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sato
- Department of Agrobiology and Bioresources, School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Ruki Sato
- Department of Agrobiology and Bioresources, School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Emiko Fukui
- Department of Agrobiology and Bioresources, School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Yoshizawa
- Department of Agrobiology and Bioresources, School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
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Khan SZ, Usman A, Khan K, Tanveer J, Israr M. Effect of stocking density on performance, survival and nutrient composition of super worm Zophobas Morio (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae). Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:95. [PMID: 38441682 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
As the global demand for animal protein continues to increase, the need for sustainable and resource-efficient alternatives for animal feed becomes increasingly paramount. Insects have gained significant attention as promising candidates to support the sustainable development of the feed industry, and their utilization in animal feed has seen substantial growth in recent years. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize the superworm (Zophobas morio) larvae rearing stocking density on the biomass production, survival, and nutrient composition. Two-weeks-old Z. morio larvae were maintained at 25 ± 2 oC and 70% relative humidity, and at densities of 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 cm2 space per larva, respectively. The insects reared with a density of 1.25 cm2 per larvae had higher feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) (P < 0.05). However, better feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was recorded with a density of 0.75 cm2 per larvae (P < 0.05). The survival significantly increased with increasing the density per larvae (P < 0.05). High survival of Z. morio larvae was recorded at density of 1 and 1.25 cm2 per larvae. The dry matter and fat contents of Z. morio larvae were higher at density of 0.5 cm2 per larvae (P < 0.05). However, the protein content was higher at density of 1 and 1.25 cm2 per larvae (P < 0.05). Moreover, the ash content was higher at 0.5, 0.75, and 1.25 cm2 per larvae (P < 0.05). This study highlights that Z. morio larvae rearing stocking density has a profound influence on growth performance, survival and its nutrient composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sar Zamin Khan
- Faculty of Animal husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Usman
- Department of Entomology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Khan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Jabbar Tanveer
- Department of Poultry Production, Gomal University, DI Khan, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Israr
- Principal Research Officers, Science Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ma Z, Wang W, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Zhao L, Cheng J, Xu D, Yang X, Liu J, He L, Chen Z, Gong P, Zhang X. Polymorphisms of PLIN1 and MOGAT1 genes and their association with feed efficiency in Hu sheep. Gene 2024; 897:148072. [PMID: 38081333 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Feed cost accounts for a high proportion of sheep production, and improving sheep's utilization of feed will reduce production costs and improve economic benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression characteristics of PLIN1 and MOGAT1 genes and the relationship between their polymorphisms and feed efficiency traits in Hu sheep, and to find molecular Genetic marker that can be used in breeding. The expression levels of PLIN1 and MOGAT1 genes in various tissues were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that PLIN1 and MOGAT1 genes were widely expressed in heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, rumen, duodenum, muscle, lymph, and tail fat. The PLIN1 gene had the highest expression level in in the tail fat compared to the other nine tissues. The expression levels of MOGAT1 gene in liver, tail fat, lung and heart was significantly higher than in kidney, muscle and lymph. The expression level of MOGAT1 was lowest in muscle compared to the other tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, rumen and tail fat). We recorded the body weight (BW80 and BW180) and feed intake (FI) information of 985 male Hu sheep at 80 and 180 days of age, and calculated the daily average feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion rate (FCR) from 80 to 180 days of age. Two intronic mutations, g.18517910 A > G and g.224856118 G > C, were identified in PLIN1 and MOGAT1 genes by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. MassARRAY ® SNP detection technology was used to genotype the DNA of 985 Hu sheep and analyze its association with feed efficiency traits. The results showed that the SNP g.18517910 A > G was significantly associated with BW80, BW180, FI, ADFI and FCR (P < 0.05), while SNP g.2248561118 G > C was significantly associated with FCR (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, significant differences were also observed in different combinations of genotypes (P < 0.05). Therefore, these two polymorphic loci can serve as candidate molecular markers for improving feed utilization efficiency in Hu sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwu Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Jiangbo Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Lijuan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Zhanyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830057, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
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12
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Gourlez E, Beline F, Dourmad JY, Monteiro AR, Guiziou F, Le Bihan A, de Quelen F. The fate of Cu and Zn along the feed-animal-excreta-effluent continuum in swine systems according to feed and effluent treatment strategies. J Environ Manage 2024; 354:120299. [PMID: 38368801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) have negative environmental impacts as they accumulate in the soil after pig manure is spread. Cu and Zn are essential elements in pig nutrition but due to their low retention rate, more than 90% of ingested Cu and Zn are excreted. A better understanding of the behaviour of these elements throughout the animal-manure-soil continuum according to feed composition and manure management chain is thus required to propose alternative ways to reduce these environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to determine the fate of Cu and Zn throughout this continuum by studying the effect of Cu and Zn contents in animal feed and in the manure management chain based on anaerobic digestion and composting. Faeces were collected from 24 finishing pigs fed with 4 different Cu and Zn dietary levels and sources of supplementation. Samples of faeces were exposed to mesophilic anaerobic digestion or to 5-week composting with straw. Concentrations of Cu and Zn in the faeces were highly dependent on dietary supplies and ranged from 38 to 188 mg Cu/kg DM and from 191 to 728 mg Zn/kg DM. Degradation of a significant fraction of organic matter during treatment led to a significant increase in Cu and Zn concentration relative to the product's dry matter (DM) content, which. Cu and Zn concentrations relative to DM content were twice as high after treatment whatever the content and the form of Cu and Zn dietary supplementation. Otherwise, effluent treatment tended to reduce the possible availability of Cu and Zn in final organic products according to water-extractible contents. This study clearly shows that feed management is the main lever for reducing the amount of Cu and Zn amount in pig effluents and hence in the soil. Appropriate treatment could also facilitate the supply of organic fertilisers to areas with soil deficiency, but feed strategies need to be adapted to the treatment chain to enable the production of good quality organic products that respect EU regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gourlez
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France; UR OPAALE, INRAE, 17 av. De Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France; Animine, 10 rue Léon Rey Grange, 74960, Annecy, France
| | - F Beline
- UR OPAALE, INRAE, 17 av. De Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - F Guiziou
- UR OPAALE, INRAE, 17 av. De Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - A Le Bihan
- UR OPAALE, INRAE, 17 av. De Cucillé, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - F de Quelen
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France.
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13
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Alghamdi MA, Reda FM, Mahmoud HK, Bahshwan SMA, Salem HM, Alhazmi WA, Soror AFS, Mostafa NG, Attia S, Mohamed MDA, Saad AM, El-Tarabily KA, Abdelgeliel AS. The potential of Spirulina platensis to substitute antibiotics in Japanese quail diets: impacts on growth, carcass traits, antioxidant status, blood biochemical parameters, and cecal microorganisms. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103350. [PMID: 38262339 PMCID: PMC10831102 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms prompted the investigation of possible antibiotic substitutes. As a result, the purpose of the current study is to assess the effect of dietary Spirulina platensis extract as an antibiotic alternative on Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) growth, antioxidant status, blood parameters, and cecal microorganisms. There was a total of 150 Japanese quails used in this study, divided equally among 5 experimental groups (10 birds per group with 3 replicates): group 1 (G1) received a basal diet without any S. platensis extract, group 2 (G2) received a basal diet supplemented with 1 mL S. platensis extract/kg, group 3 (G3) received a basal diet supplemented with 2 mL S. platensis extract/kg, group 4 (G4) received a basal diet supplemented with 3 mL S. platensis extract/kg, and group 5 (G5) received a basal diet supplemented with 4 mL S. platensis extract/kg from d 7 until d 35. The results showed that compared to the control birds in G1, Japanese quail supplemented with 4 mL of S. platensis extract/kg of diet (G5) had significantly better live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, digestive enzymes, blood parameters, liver and kidney functions, lipid profile, antioxidant profile, immunological parameters, and cecal microorganism's count. There were no significant changes in the percentage of carcasses, liver, and total giblets among all the 5 groups. Only gizzard percentage showed a significant increase in G2 compared to birds in G1. In addition, intestinal pH showed a significant drop in G2 and G5 compared to birds in G1. After cooking the quail meat, the juiciness and tenderness increased as S. platensis extract levels increased, whereas aroma and taste declined slightly as S. platensis extract levels increased. Furthermore, when a high concentration of S. platensis extract was used, the lightness of the meat reduced while its redness and yellowness increased. The disk diffusion assay showed that S. platensis extract had significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, and Salmonella typhi, with inhibition zones ranging from 16 to 42 mm. This activity may be attributable to the volatile chemicals in S. platensis extract, of which Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol are the primary components. In the diet of Japanese quails, it is possible to draw the conclusion that the extract of S. platensis can be utilized as a feed additive and as an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashail A Alghamdi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayiz M Reda
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hemat K Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Safia M A Bahshwan
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Ahmed Alhazmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abel-Fattah Salah Soror
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nadeen G Mostafa
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Sally Attia
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mazhar D A Mohamed
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Asmaa Sayed Abdelgeliel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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14
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Javourez U, Matassa S, Vlaeminck SE, Verstraete W. Ruminations on sustainable and safe food: Championing for open symbiotic cultures ensuring resource efficiency, eco-sustainability and affordability. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14436. [PMID: 38465733 PMCID: PMC10926176 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbes are powerful upgraders, able to convert simple substrates to nutritional metabolites at rates and yields surpassing those of higher organisms by a factor of 2 to 10. A summary table highlights the superior efficiencies of a whole array of microbes compared to conventionally farmed animals and insects, converting nitrogen and organics to food and feed. Aiming at the most resource-efficient class of microbial proteins, deploying the power of open microbial communities, coined here as 'symbiotic microbiomes' is promising. For instance, a production train of interest is to develop rumen-inspired technologies to upgrade fibre-rich substrates, increasingly available as residues from emerging bioeconomy initiatives. Such advancements offer promising perspectives, as currently only 5%-25% of the available cellulose is recovered by ruminant livestock systems. While safely producing food and feed with open cultures has a long-standing tradition, novel symbiotic fermentation routes are currently facing much higher market entrance barriers compared to axenic fermentation. Our global society is at a pivotal juncture, requiring a shift towards food production systems that not only embrace the environmental and economic sustainability but also uphold ethical standards. In this context, we propose to re-examine the place of spontaneous or natural microbial consortia for safe future food and feed biotech developments, and advocate for intelligent regulatory practices. We stress that reconsidering symbiotic microbiomes is key to achieve sustainable development goals and defend the need for microbial biotechnology literacy education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Javourez
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSAToulouseFrance
| | - Silvio Matassa
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Siegfried E. Vlaeminck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGentBelgium
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15
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Choi H, Kim Y, Kim S, Kwon SW, Lee D, Han BH, Hong SB, Naito H, Yamada T, Hamada M, Heo J. Lacticaseibacillus pabuli sp. nov., isolated from fermented cattle feed. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 38446021 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Strain BSF-3MT is a Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated, facultative anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium that was isolated from fermented feed collected at a cattle farm in the Daejeon region of the Republic of Korea. It was studied using polyphasic taxonomic methods. Using 16S rRNA gene sequences and the resulting phylogenetic tree, the strain was primarily identified as a member of the genus Lacticaseibacillus. Strain BSF-3MT contained a chromosome of 2.5 Mbp and a plasmid of 33.4 kbp. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 51.3 mol%. Strain BSF-3MT had the highest ortho-average nucleotide identity value of 73.7 % with Lacticaseibacillus songhuajiangensis 7-19T, its closest relative in the phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and the phylogenomic tree based on up-to-date bacterial core genes. Based on the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain BSF-3MT represents a novel species in the genus Lacticaseibacillus, for which the name Lacticaseibacillus pabuli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BSF-3MT (=KACC 23028T=NBRC 116014T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyorim Choi
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiseul Kim
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Kim
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wo Kwon
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Lee
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Hak Han
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanako Naito
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamada
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Moriyuki Hamada
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Jun Heo
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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16
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Zuo RK, Wang C, Yu ZY, Shi HM, Song XK, Zhou SD, Ma NN, Chang GJ, Shen XZ. A high concentrate diet inhibits forkhead box protein A2 expression, and induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial unfolded protein response in the liver of dairy cows. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106570. [PMID: 38341108 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
High-concentrate diet induce subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and cause liver damage in ruminants. It has been reported that forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) can enhance mitochondrial membrane potential but its function in mitochondrial dysfunction induced by high concentrate diets is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of high-concentrate (HC) diet on hepatic FOXA2 expression, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. A total of 12 healthy mid-lactation Holstein cows were selected and randomized into 2 groups: the low concentrate (LC) diet group (concentrate:forage = 4:6) and HC diet group (concentrate:forage = 6:4). The trial lasted 21 d. The rumen fluid, blood and liver tissue were collected at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the rumen fluid pH level was reduced in the HC group and the pH was lower than 5.6 for more than 4 h/d, indicating that feeding HC diets successfully induced SARA in dairy cows. Both FOXA2 mRNA and protein abundance were significantly reduced in the liver of the HC group compared with the LC group. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, G6PDH, T-SOD, Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD) and mtDNA copy number in the liver tissue of the HC group decreased, while the level of H2O2 significantly increased, this increase was accompanied by a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The balance of mitochondrial division and fusion was disrupted in the HC group, as evidenced by the decreased mRNA level of OPA1, MFN1, and MFN2 and increased mRNA level of Drp1, Fis1, and MFF. At the same time, HC diet downregulated the expression level of SIRT1, SIRT3, PGC-1α, TFAM, and Nrf 1 to inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis. The HC group induced UPRmt in liver tissue by upregulating the mRNA and protein levels of CLPP, LONP1, CHOP, Hsp10, and Hsp60. In addition, HC diet could increase the protein abundance of Bax, CytoC, Caspase 3 and Cleaved-Caspase 3, while decrease the protein abundance of Bcl-2 and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Overall, our study suggests that the decreased expression of FOXA2 may be related to UPRmt, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the liver of dairy cows fed a high concentrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Kun Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi Yuan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Min Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Kun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shen Dong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Na Na Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guang Jun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhen Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
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17
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Su B, Lai P, Deng MR, Zhu H. Design of a dual-responding genetic circuit for high-throughput identification of L-threonine-overproducing Escherichia coli. Bioresour Technol 2024; 395:130407. [PMID: 38295961 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
L-threonine is a crucial amino acid that is extensively employed in the realms of food, animal feed and pharmaceuticals. Unfortunately, the lack of an appropriate biosensor has hindered the establishment of a robust high-throughput screening (HTS) system for the identification of the desired strains from random mutants. In this study, a dual-responding genetic circuit that capitalizes on the L-threonine inducer-like effect, the L-threonine riboswitch, and a signal amplification system was designed for the purpose of screening L-threonine overproducers. This platform effectively enhanced the performance of the enzyme and facilitated the identification of high L-threonine-producing strains from a random mutant library. Consequently, pathway optimization and directed evolution of the key enzyme enhanced L-threonine production by 4 and 7-fold, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of biosensor design for dynamic metabolite detection and offer a promising tool for HTS and metabolic regulation for the development of L-threonine-hyperproducing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buli Su
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China.
| | - Peixuan Lai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China.
| | - Ming-Rong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China.
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China.
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18
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Hasan Z, Lateef M. Transforming food waste into animal feeds: an in-depth overview of conversion technologies and environmental benefits. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:17951-17963. [PMID: 37847367 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Food waste is a global concern, with significant quantities of edible food being discarded every day. However, innovative conversion technologies have emerged to effectively transform this waste into valuable animal feed. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of the conversion technologies used to transform food waste into animal feed, along with an analysis of the environmental benefits associated with these processes. The paper delves into various conversion methods such as anaerobic digestion, insect-based conversion, and microbial fermentation along with exploring their mechanisms and suitability for converting food waste into valuable animal feed resources. Additionally, the environmental benefits, including waste reduction, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and resource conservation, are discussed in detail. The review highlights the potential of these technologies to address the pressing issue of food waste while contributing to a more sustainable and resource-efficient food system. The findings of this review emphasize the importance of adopting and further developing these conversion technologies as a means to mitigate environmental impacts, promote circular economy principles, and enhance the overall sustainability of the food and agriculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaul Hasan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| | - Muneera Lateef
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
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19
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Cardoso L, Owatari MS, Chaves FCM, Bastolla CLV, Saldaña-Serrano M, Mouriño JLP, Martins ML. Dietary supplementation with Lippia sidoides essential oil improves organ integrity but the specific activity of antioxidant enzymes is dose-dependent in Danio rerio. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:374-382. [PMID: 37899705 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional quality of food can affect the health of animals. This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with Lippia sidoides essential oil (LSEO) on the physiology of Danio rerio. Four hundred fourty-eight fish were divided into 28 tanks and subjected to different dietary treatments: a control group with no supplementation, a group with grain alcohol supplementation and five groups with LSEO at concentrations of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00% and 1.25%. After 15 days, histological and enzymatic analyses were conducted. The 0.25% LSEO group exhibited lower glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity compared to the 1.00% group. Additionally, fish in the 0.25% LSEO group showed improved liver, kidney and splenic integrity indices. These findings support the inclusion of 0.25% LSEO in the diet of D. rerio, suggesting potential benefits for fish physiology and encouraging further research on phytotherapeutics in fish diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cardoso
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marco Shizuo Owatari
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Lisarb Velasquez Bastolla
- LABCAI-Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Miguel Saldaña-Serrano
- LABCAI-Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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20
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Ma L, Zhu Y, Zhu La ALT, Lourenco JM, Callaway TR, Bu D. Schizochytrium sp. and lactoferrin supplementation alleviates Escherichia coli K99-induced diarrhea in preweaning dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1603-1619. [PMID: 37769949 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Calf diarrhea, a common disease mainly induced by Escherichia coli infection, is one of the main reasons for nonpredator losses. Hence, an effective nonantibacterial approach to prevent calf diarrhea has become an emerging requirement. This study evaluated the microalgae Schizochytrium sp. (SZ) and lactoferrin (LF) as a nutrient intervention approach against E. coli O101:K99-induced preweaning calve diarrhea. Fifty 1-d-old male Holstein calves were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10): (1) control, (2) blank (no supplement or challenge), (3) 1 g/d LF, (4) 20 g/d SZ, or (5) 1 g/d LF plus 20 g/d SZ (LFSZ). The experimental period lasted 14 d. On the morning of d 7, calves were challenged with 1 × 1011 cfu of E. coli O101:K99, and rectum feces were collected on 3, 12, 24, and 168 h postchallenge for the control, LF, SZ, and LFSZ groups. The rectal feces of the blank group were collected on d 14. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Institute Inc.). The E. coli K99 challenge decreased the average daily gain (ADG) and increased feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) and diarrhea frequency (control vs. blank). Compared with the control group, the LFSZ group had a higher ADG and lower F:G, and the LFSZ and SZ groups had lower diarrhea frequency compared with the control group. In addition, the LFSZ and SZ groups have no differences in diarrhea frequency compared with the blank group. Compared with the control group, the blank group had lower serum nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1, d-lactic acid (D-LA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations, as well as serum IgG, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels on d 7 and 14. On d 7, compared with the control group, all treatment groups had lower serum NO level, the SZ group had a lower serum D-LA concentration, and the LF and LFSZ groups had lower serum LPS concentration. On d 14, compared with the control group, the fecal microbiota of the blank group had lower Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and ACE indexes, the LFSZ group had lower Shannon and Simpson indexes, the SZ and LFSZ groups had a higher Chao1 index, and all treatment groups had a higher ACE index. In fecal microbiota, Bifidobacterium and Actinobacteria were negatively associated with IL-10 and d-lactate, while Akkermansia was negatively associated with endothelin-1 and positively correlated with LPS, fecal scores, and d-lactate levels. Our results indicated that LF and SZ supplements could alleviate E. coli O101:K99-induced calf diarrhea individually or in combination. Supplementing 1 g/d LF and 20 g/d SZ could be a potential nutrient intervention approach to prevent bacterial diarrhea in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingkun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A La Teng Zhu La
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - J M Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - T R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Beijing 100193, China.
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21
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Huang W, Focker M, van Dongen KCW, van der Fels-Klerx HJ. Factors influencing the fate of chemical food safety hazards in the terrestrial circular primary food production system-A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13324. [PMID: 38517020 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Food safety is recognized as a major hurdle in the transition toward circular food production systems due to the potential reintroduction and accumulation of chemical contaminants in these food systems. Effectively managing these hazardous contaminants in a risk-based manner requires quantitative insights into the factors influencing the presence and fate of contaminants in the entire circular food chain. A systematic literature review was performed to gain an up-to-date overview of the known factors and their influence on the transfer and accumulation of contaminants. This review focused on the terrestrial circular primary food production system, including the pathways between waste- or byproduct-based fertilizers, soil, crops, animal feed, and farmed animals. This review revealed an imbalance in research regarding the different pathways: studies on the soil-to-crop pathway were most abundant. The factors identified can be categorized as compound-related (intrinsic) factors, such as hydrophobicity, molecular weight, and chain length, and extrinsic factors, such as soil organic matter and carbon, pH, milk yield of cows, crop age, and biomass. Quantitative data on the influence of the identified factors were limited. Most studies quantified the influence of individual factors, whereas only a few studies quantified the combined effect of multiple factors. By providing a holistic insight into the influential factors and the quantification of their influence on the fate of contaminants, this review contributes to the improvement of food safety management for chemical hazards when transitioning to a circular food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Huang
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlous Focker
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja C W van Dongen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H J van der Fels-Klerx
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Horst EA, Kvidera SK, Hagerty S, French PD, Carlson DB, Dhuyvetter K, Holloway AW. Effect of monensin on milk production efficiency and milk composition in lactating dairy cows fed modern diets. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1441-1449. [PMID: 37806628 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the US Food and Drug Administration's approval of monensin in 2004, significant nutritional advances have been made to increase feed efficiency and milk fat production. Recent evidence suggests monensin's adverse effect on milk fat percentage may be absent when diets are formulated to address known diet-induced milk fat depression risk factors. Thus, study objectives were to evaluate effects of monensin level on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, and efficiency of high-producing cows fed diets formulated to optimize milk fat. Ninety-six lactating Holstein cows (36 primiparous, 60 multiparous; 106 ± 17 d in milk [DIM]) were balanced by parity, DIM, and milk production and were randomly assigned to 1 of 12 pens with 8 cows per pen. All cows received 11 g/t monensin for 5 wk after which pens received 1 of 4 dietary treatments (n = 3) formulated to provide 0 (CON), 11 (R11), 14.5 (R14.5), or 18 (R18) g/t monensin for 9 wk. The basal diet was 54% forage, 27% NDF, 29% starch, and 2.3% rumen unsaturated fatty acid load. Pen was the experimental unit and data were analyzed using the Fit Model Procedure of JMP. Effects of treatment, time, and treatment × time interaction were included as fixed effects and pen as a random effect. Least squares means were determined and linear and quadratic contrasts were tested. Dry matter intake tended to decrease linearly with increasing monensin dose. Milk yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage and yield were unaffected by treatment while fat yield was quadratically increased. Milk de novo and mixed fatty acid (FA) yields (g/d) increased quadratically with monensin whereas preformed FA linearly decreased during the experimental period. Energy-corrected milk (ECM) was quadratically increased by monensin. Milk urea nitrogen concentrations increased linearly with increasing monensin dose. Monensin linearly increased feed efficiency (ECM/DMI, 3.5% fat-corrected milk/DMI, and solids-corrected milk/DMI). Body weight gain did not differ between treatments. Estimated dietary energy tended to increase linearly with increasing monensin level. These data suggest monensin improves component-corrected milk production efficiency, estimated dietary energy, and does not negatively affect milk fat percentage or FA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Horst
- Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN 46140
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23
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Cooper GS, Davies-Kershaw H, Dominguez-Salas P, Fahmida U, Faye B, Ferguson E, Grace D, Häsler BN, Kadiyala S, Konapur A, Kulkarni B, Chengat Prakashbabu B, Pramesthi IL, Rowland D, Selvaraj K, Sudibya ARP, Tine RC, Yadav DMD, Zahra NL, Shankar B, Heffernan C. Investigating market-based opportunities for the provision of nutritious and safe diets to prevent childhood stunting: a UKRI-GCRF action against stunting hub protocol paper. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e001671. [PMID: 38417923 PMCID: PMC10900371 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate access to affordable, safe, desirable and convenient nutrient-dense food is one of the underlying causes of child stunting. While targeted nutrition-sensitive interventions (eg, backyard 'nutri-gardens') may increase dietary diversity within farming households, such interventions have limited scalability across the wider food system where markets remain underdeveloped. This research aims to develop and assess market-based interventions for key nutrient-dense foods to help improve the diets of women and children in the first 1000 days of life. METHODS Data collection uses four parallel approaches in each of the three study countries (India, Indonesia and Senegal). (1) A novel food environment tool will be developed to characterise the accessibility and affordability of nutrient-dense foods in the study countries. The tool will be validated through pretesting using cognitive interviewing and piloting in purposively sampled households, 10 (cognitive interviewing) and 30 (piloting) households in each country; (2) stakeholder interviews (eg, with producers, intermediaries and retailers) will be conducted to map out nutrition-sensitive entry points of key value chains (eg, animal-sourced foods), before hotspots of potential food safety hazards will be identified from food samples collected along the chains; (3) the Optifood and Agrifood tools will be used to identify foods that can address food system nutrient gaps and engage key stakeholders to prioritise market interventions to improve nutrition outcomes. Optifood and Agrifood parameters will be informed by publicly available data, plus interviews and focus groups with value chain stakeholders; (4) informed by the previous three approaches and a campaign of participatory 'group model building', a novel system dynamics model will evaluate the impact of alternative market-based solutions on the availability and affordability of nutrient-dense foods over time. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received ethical approval in the United Kingdom, Senegal, Indonesia and India. Dissemination comprises peer-reviewed journals, international disciplinary conferences and multistakeholder dissemination workshops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Cooper
- Institute of Sustainable Food, Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Hilary Davies-Kershaw
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK
| | - Paula Dominguez-Salas
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Umi Fahmida
- Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Babacar Faye
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Elaine Ferguson
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK
| | - Delia Grace
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Barbara N Häsler
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Suneetha Kadiyala
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK
| | - Archana Konapur
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | - Bharati Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | | | - Indriya L Pramesthi
- Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dominic Rowland
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor Barat, Indonesia
- Centre for Environment, Development and Policy (CeDEP), SOAS, London, UK
| | | | - Arienta R P Sudibya
- Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Roger C Tine
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - D M Dinesh Yadav
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK
| | - Nur L Zahra
- Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Centre for Food and Nutrition, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bhavani Shankar
- Institute of Sustainable Food, Department of Geography, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Claire Heffernan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
- London International Development Centre, London, UK
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Wang YC, Liu SH, Ho HC, Su HY, Chang CH. DNA mini-barcoding reveals the mislabeling rate of canned cat food in Taiwan. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16833. [PMID: 38406290 PMCID: PMC10893872 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Domestic cats are important companion animals in modern society that live closely with their owners. Mislabeling of pet food can not only harm pets but also cause issues in areas such as religious beliefs and natural resource management. Currently, the cat food market is booming. However, despite the risk that mislabeling poses to cats and humans, few studies have focused on species misrepresentation in cat food products. Methods To address this issue, we used DNA barcoding, a highly effective identification methodology that can be applied to even highly processed products. We targeted a short segment (~85 basepairs) of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA (16S) gene as a barcode and employed Sanger or next generation sequencing (NGS) to inspect 138 canned cat food products in the Taiwanese market. Results We discovered that the majority of mislabeling incidents were related to replacement of tuna with other species. Moreover, our metabarcoding revealed that numerous undeclared ingredients were present in all examined canned products. One product contained CITES Appendix II-listed shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Overall, we uncovered a mislabeling rate of at least 28.99%. To verify cases of mislabeling, an official standardized list of vernacular names, along with the corresponding scientific species names, as well as a dependable barcoding reference sequence database are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Wang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Technical Service Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hui Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan Ching Ho
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yin Su
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Haque MA, Hu H, Liu J, Islam MA, Hossen F, Rahman MA, Ahmed F, He C. Emergence of multidrug-resistant Bacillus spp. derived from animal feed, food and human diarrhea in South-Eastern Bangladesh. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:61. [PMID: 38373893 PMCID: PMC10875756 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance poses a huge risk to human health worldwide, while Bangladesh is confronting the most severe challenge between the food supply and the huge consumption of antibiotics annually. More importantly, probiotics containing Bacillus spp. are claimed to be an alternative to antimicrobial stewardship programs. However, their antibiotic resistance remains elusive. Thus, we employed the antimicrobial susceptibility test and PCR to assess the prevalence of resistance, including multidrug resistance (MDR) and resito-genotyping of isolated Bacillus spp. RESULTS The phenotypic profile showed that Bacillus spp. were 100% sensitive to gentamicin (2 µg/mL), whereas lowered sensitivity to levofloxacin (67.8%, 0.5-1 µg/mL), ciprofloxacin (62.3%, 0.5-1 µg/mL), clindamycin (52.2%, 0.25-0.5 µg/mL), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (37.6%, 0.06 µg/mL), azithromycin (33.4%, 1-2 µg/mL), tetracycline (25.6%, 2-4 µg/mL), nitrofurantoin (21.1%, 16-32 µg/mL), co-trimoxazole (19.2%, 2 µg/mL), and erythromycin (18.8%, 0.25-0.5 µg/mL). The strains were completely resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefixime, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and co-trimoxazole, and a species-specific trend was seen in both phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns. Genotypic resistance indicated prevalence of the bla1 (71.5%), tetA (33%), erm1 (27%), blaTEM (13.1%), blaCTX-M-1/blaCTX-M-2 /sul1 (10.1%), blaSHV (9.6%), and qnrS (4.1%) genes. The β-lactamase resistance gene bla1 was found in all penicillin-resistant (MIC ≥ 32 µg/mL) Bacillus spp. One hundred ninety-one isolates (89.6%) were MDR, with 100% from diarrhea, 90.3% from food, and 88.7% from animal feed. CONCLUSION Based on the MIC value and profile analysis of antibiotic resistance genes, this is the first study that Bacillus spp. antimicrobial susceptibilities have been identified in Bangladesh, and our study will shed light on the adverse effects of feed-borne Bacillus spp. emerging from animal feed to the food chain. A comprehensive investigation is urgently needed by policymakers on tolerance limits and harmful effects in the animal industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Atiqul Haque
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100019, China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Huilong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100019, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100019, China
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Foysal Hossen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arifur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Firoz Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Cheng He
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100019, China.
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Duval A, Sayd T, Bourillon S, Aubry L, Mosconi V, Ferraro V, Santé-Lhoutellier V. Utilizing the influence of protein enrichment of meal components as a strategy to possibly prevent undernutrition in the elderly: an in vitro approach. Food Funct 2024; 15:2078-2089. [PMID: 38303670 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03659f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional strategies are required to limit the prevalence of denutrition in the elderly. With this in mind, fortified meals can provide more protein, but their digestibility must be ensured. Using a dynamic in vitro digester, DIDGI®, programmed with the digestion conditions of the elderly, we evaluated the supplementation of each component of a meal and assessed protein digestibility, amino acid profile, micro-nutrients and vitamins bioaccessibility for a full course meal. Higher protein digestibility was evidenced for the fortified meal, with higher release of essential amino acids. Moreover the large increase of leucine released was comparable to the range advocated for the elderly to favour protein anabolism. This in vitro study underlines the interest of using dish formulations to meet the nutritional needs of seniors, which is why this work will be completed by a clinical study in nursing home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Duval
- INRAE, QuaPA, UR 370, 63122 Saint Genes Champanelle, France.
| | - Thierry Sayd
- INRAE, QuaPA, UR 370, 63122 Saint Genes Champanelle, France.
| | | | - Laurent Aubry
- INRAE, QuaPA, UR 370, 63122 Saint Genes Champanelle, France.
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27
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Rangel LI, Leveau JHJ. Applied microbiology of the phyllosphere. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:211. [PMID: 38358509 PMCID: PMC10869387 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The phyllosphere, or plant leaf surface, represents a microbial ecosystem of considerable size, holding extraordinary biodiversity and enormous potential for the discovery of new products, tools, and applications in biotechnology, agriculture, medicine, and elsewhere. This mini-review highlights the applied microbiology of the phyllosphere as an original field of study concerning itself with the genes, gene products, natural compounds, and traits that underlie phyllosphere-specific adaptations and services that have commercial and economic value for current or future innovation. Examples include plant-growth-promoting and disease-suppressive phyllobacteria, probiotics and fermented foods that support human health, as well as microbials that remedy foliar contamination with airborne pollutants, residual pesticides, or plastics. Phyllosphere microbes promote plant biomass conversion into compost, renewable energy, animal feed, or fiber. They produce foodstuffs such as thickening agents and sugar substitutes, industrial-grade biosurfactants, novel antibiotics and cancer drugs, as well as enzymes used as food additives or freezing agents. Furthermore, new developments in DNA sequence-based profiling of leaf-associated microbial communities allow for surveillance approaches in the context of food safety and security, for example, to detect enteric human pathogens on leafy greens, predict plant disease outbreaks, and intercept plant pathogens and pests on internationally traded goods. KEY POINTS: • Applied phyllosphere microbiology concerns leaf-specific adaptations for economic value • Phyllobioprospecting searches the phyllosphere microbiome for product development • Phyllobiomonitoring tracks phyllosphere microbial profiles for early risk detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena I Rangel
- Cell & Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Johan H J Leveau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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28
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Anbarasan R, Tiwari BK, Mahendran R. Upcycling of seafood side streams for circularity. Adv Food Nutr Res 2024; 108:179-221. [PMID: 38460999 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The upcycling of seafood side streams emerges as a crucial facet in the quest for circularity within the food industry, surpassing other food sources in its significance. Seafood side stream plays an indispensable role in global food security and human nutrition. Nevertheless, losses ensue throughout the seafood supply chain, resulting in substantial waste generation. These underutilized seafood by-products contain valuable resources like edible proteins and nitrogenous compounds. Projections indicate that fishery products' utilization for human consumption will soar to 204 MT by 2030. Yet, the industry annually generates millions of tonnes of waste, predominantly from crab, shrimp, and lobster shells, leading to environmental impacts due to COD and BOD issues. A five-tier circular economic model offers a framework to manage seafood side-streams efficiently, with applications spanning pharmaceuticals, food production, animal feed, fertilizers, and energy fuel, thereby maximizing their potential and reducing waste in line with sustainability goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anbarasan
- Centre of Excellence in Non-Thermal Processing, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - R Mahendran
- Centre of Excellence in Non-Thermal Processing, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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29
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Divyashri G, Tulsi NP, Murthy TPK, Shreyas S, Kavya R, Jaishree IK. Valorization of coffee bean processing waste for bioethanol production: comparison and evaluation of mass transfer effects in fermentations using free and encapsulated cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:169-179. [PMID: 38195720 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Coffee husk, an agricultural waste abundant in carbohydrates and nutrients, is typically discarded through landfills, mixed with animal fodder, or incinerated. However, in alignment with sustainable development principles, researchers worldwide are exploring innovative methods to harness the value of coffee husk, transforming it into profitable products. One such avenue is the biotechnological approach to bioethanol production from agricultural wastes, offering an eco-friendly alternative to mitigate the adverse effects of fossil fuels. This study delves into the feasibility of utilizing coffee husk as a substrate for bioethanol production, employing and comparing various hydrolysis methods. The enzymatic hydrolysis method outshone thermochemical and thermal approaches, yielding 1.84 and 3.07 times more reducing sugars in the hydrolysate, respectively. In examining bioethanol production, a comparison between free and encapsulated cells in enzyme hydrolysate revealed that free-cell fermentation faced challenges due to cell viability issues. Under specific fermentation conditions, bioethanol yield (0.59 and 0.83 g of bioethanol/g of reducing sugar) and productivity (0.1 and 0.12 g/L h) were achieved for free and encapsulated cells, respectively. However, it was noted that bioethanol production by encapsulated cells was more significantly influenced by internal mass transfer effects, as indicated by the Thiele modulus and effectiveness factor. In conclusion, our findings underscore the potential of coffee husk as a valuable substrate for bioethanol production, showcasing its viability in contributing to sustainable and eco-friendly practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Divyashri
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560 054, India.
| | - N P Tulsi
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560 054, India
| | - T P Krishna Murthy
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560 054, India
| | - S Shreyas
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560 054, India
| | - R Kavya
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560 054, India
| | - I K Jaishree
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560 054, India
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Chacko Kaitholil SR, Mooney MH, Aubry A, Rezwan F, Shirali M. Insights into the influence of diet and genetics on feed efficiency and meat production in sheep. Anim Genet 2024; 55:20-46. [PMID: 38112204 PMCID: PMC10952161 DOI: 10.1111/age.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Feed costs and carcass yields affect the profitability and sustainability of sheep production. Therefore, it is crucial to select animals with a higher feed efficiency and high-quality meat production. This study focuses on the impact of dietary and genetic factors on production traits such as feed efficiency, carcass quality, and meat quality. Diets promote optimal sheep growth and development and provide sufficient protein can lead to higher-quality meat. However, establishing an optimized production system requires careful consideration and balance of dietary parameters. This includes ensuring adequate protein intake and feeding diets with higher intestinal absorption rates to enhance nutrient absorption in the gut. The study identifies specific genes, such as Callipyge, Calpastatin, and Myostatin, and the presence of causal mutations in these genes, as factors influencing animal growth rates, feed efficiency, and meat fatty acid profiles. Additionally, variants of other reported genes, including PIGY, UCP1, MEF2B, TNNC2, FABP4, SCD, FASN, ADCY8, ME1, CA1, GLIS1, IL1RAPL1, SOX5, SOX6, and IGF1, show potential as markers for sheep selection. A meta-analysis of reported heritability estimates reveals that residual feed intake (0.27 ± 0.07), hot carcass weight (0.26 ± 0.05), dressing percentage (0.23 ± 0.05), and intramuscular fat content (0.45 ± 0.04) are moderately to highly heritable traits. This suggests that these traits are less influenced by environmental factors and could be improved through genetic selection. Additionally, positive genetic correlations exist between body weight and hot carcass weight (0.91 ± 0.06), dressing percentage (0.35 ± 0.15), and shear force (0.27 ± 0.24), indicating that selecting for higher body weight could lead to favorable changes in carcass quality, and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffimol Rose Chacko Kaitholil
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Agri‐Food and Biosciences InstituteHillsboroughUK
| | - Mark H. Mooney
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | | | - Faisal Rezwan
- Department of Computer ScienceAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Masoud Shirali
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
- Agri‐Food and Biosciences InstituteHillsboroughUK
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Smiricky-Tjardes M, Utterback P, Blair J, Drysdale R, Hack A, Cristobal M, Glende J, Parsons B, Parsons C. Research Note: Relative bioavailability of zinc in zinc hydroxychloride for chicks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103315. [PMID: 38159421 PMCID: PMC10792736 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A chick assay was conducted to determine the effects of Zn source on performance and to establish a Zn relative bioavailability value (RBV) for a new source of Zn hydroxychloride. In the assay, 8-day-old chicks were fed a Zn-deficient soy protein concentrate diet supplemented with 0, 7, and 15 mg Zn/kg from feed grade ZnSO4 monohydrate for 14 d to establish a standard response curve. The same basal diet was supplemented with 3, 7, and 10 mg Zn/kg from a new Zn hydroxychloride (SAMZn). A second source of Zn hydroxychloride (IBZn) was supplemented at 10 mg Zn/kg as a direct comparison to the highest level of SAMZn. Weight gain increased (P < 0.05) with increasing Zn level, regardless of source. Weight gain of chicks fed 7 mg Zn/kg from SAMZn was not different (P > 0.05) from chicks fed 15 mg Zn/kg from ZnSO4. Weight gain was not different (P > 0.05) when comparing the 2 sources of Zn hydroxychloride supplemented at 10 mg Zn/kg. Tibia ash Zn and total tibia Zn were increased (P < 0.05) by all Zn sources and responded linearly (P < 0.05) to Zn supplementation from ZnSO4 and SAMZn. Total tibia Zn concentration was not different (P > 0.05) for chicks fed 10 mg Zn/kg from either source of Zn hydroxychloride. Multiple linear regression of total tibia Zn on supplemental Zn intake (R2 = 0.95) resulted in a RBV of 115% for SAMZn compared with ZnSO4 (set at 100%). The RBV of SAMZn was higher (P < 0.05) than ZnSO4. In conclusion, relative bioavailability of Zn (based on tibia Zn) in Zn hydroxychloride from SAMZn was higher than feed grade ZnSO4 based on multiple regression slope-ratio analysis and was similar to that of IBZn Zn hydroxychloride based on tibia Zn responses to 10 mg/kg supplemental dietary Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Utterback
- 284 Animal Sciences Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - J Blair
- 284 Animal Sciences Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - R Drysdale
- 284 Animal Sciences Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A Hack
- 284 Animal Sciences Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - M Cristobal
- 284 Animal Sciences Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - J Glende
- 284 Animal Sciences Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - B Parsons
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - C Parsons
- 284 Animal Sciences Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Wang S, Xu G, Zou J. Soluble non-starch polysaccharides in fish feed: implications for fish metabolism. Fish Physiol Biochem 2024; 50:1-22. [PMID: 36219350 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Because of their unique glycosidic bond structure, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) are difficult for the stomach to break down. NSP can be classified as insoluble NSP (iNSP, fiber, lignin, etc.) and soluble NSP (sNSP, oligosaccharides, β-glucan, pectin, fermentable fiber, inulin, plant-derived polysaccharides, etc.). sNSP is viscous, fermentable, and soluble. Gut microbiota may catabolize sNSP, which can then control fish lipid, glucose, and protein metabolism and impact development rates. This review examined the most recent studies on the impacts of various forms of sNSP on the nutritional metabolism of various fish in order to comprehend the effects of sNSP on fish. According to certain investigations, sNSP can enhance fish development, boost the activity of digestive enzymes, reduce blood sugar and cholesterol, enhance the colonization of good gut flora, and modify fish nutrition metabolism. In-depth research on the mechanism of action is also lacking in most studies on the effects of sNSP on fish metabolism. It is necessary to have a deeper comprehension of the underlying processes by which sNSP induce host metabolism. This is crucial to address the main issue of the sensible use of carbohydrates in fish feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodan Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region On Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guohuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region On Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Ding FF, Li M, Wang T, Zhou NN, Qiao F, Du ZY, Zhang ML. Influence of dietary sodium taurocholate on the growth performance and liver health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Physiol Biochem 2024; 50:319-330. [PMID: 36044098 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a class of cholesterol-derived amphipathic molecules approved as new animal feed additives. However, the functional researches mainly focused on BAs mixture, and the influence of the individual BA on fishes was still limited. In the present study, Nile tilapia were fed basal diet with three levels of sodium taurocholate at 0 mg/kg (CON), 300 mg/kg (TCAL), and 600 mg/kg (TCAH) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that addition of sodium taurocholate did not significantly influence the growth performance. Instead, TCAH group had higher cholesterol accumulation with liver fibrosis. In TCAH group, the level of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (nrf2) signaling-associated oxidative stress factors significantly increased in the liver. Additionally, fish in TCAH group had the highest expression level of genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammatory cytokines in the liver. In conclusion, 300 mg/kg of sodium taurocholate did not significantly influence the growth performance of fish, while 600 mg/kg of sodium taurocholate markedly induced cholesterol accumulation and liver injury, suggesting that the application of taurocholic acid in aquafeed should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Ding
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhou
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Yang X, Weng Q, Li X, Lu K, Wang L, Song K, Zhang C, Rahimnejad S. High water temperature raised the requirements of methionine for spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). Fish Physiol Biochem 2024; 50:23-40. [PMID: 36322361 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dietary methionine level and rearing water temperature on growth, antioxidant capacity, methionine metabolism, and hepatocyte autophagy in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). A factorial design was used with six methionine levels [0.64, 0.85, 1.11, 1.33, 1.58, and 1.76%] and two temperatures [moderate temperature (MT): 27 ℃, and high temperature (HT): 33 ℃]. The results revealed the significant effects of both dietary methionine level and water temperature on weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE), and their interaction effect was found on WG (P < 0.05). In both water temperatures tested, fish WG increased with increasing methionine level up to 1.11% and decreased thereafter. The groups of fish reared at MT exhibited dramatically higher WG and FE than those kept at HT while an opposite trend was observed for feed intake. Liver antioxidant indices including reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities remarkably increased in the HT group compared to the MT group. Moreover, the lowest MDA concentration and the highest SOD activity were recorded at methionine levels between 1.11% and 0.85%, respectively, regardless of water temperatures. Expression of methionine metabolism-related key enzyme genes (mat2b, cbs, ms, and bhmt) in the liver was increased at moderate methionine levels, and higher expression levels were detected at MT compared to HT with the exception of ms gene relative expression. Relative expression of hepatocyte autophagy-related genes (pink1, atg5, mul1, foxo3) and hsp70 was upregulated by increasing methionine level up to a certain level and decreased thereafter and increasing water temperature led to significantly enhanced expression of hsp70. In summary, HT induced heat stress and reduced fish growth, and an appropriate dietary methionine level improved the antioxidant capacity and stress resistance of fish. A second-order polynomial regression analysis based on the WG suggested that the optimal dietary methionine level for maximum growth of spotted seabass is 1.22% of the diet at 27 ℃ and 1.26% of the diet at 33 ℃, then 1.37 g and 1.68 g dietary methionine intake is required for 100 g weight gain at 27 ℃ or 33 ℃, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinjiang Weng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangle Lu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Song
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Samad Rahimnejad
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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Guillin FM, Gaudichon C, Guérin-Deremaux L, Lefranc-Millot C, Airinei G, Khodorova N, Benamouzig R, Pomport PH, Martin J, Calvez J. Values for the Digestibility of Pea Protein Isolate or Casein Amino Acids Determined using the Dual Isotope Method Are Not Similar to Those Derived with the Standard Ileal Balance Method in Healthy Volunteers. J Nutr 2024; 154:516-525. [PMID: 38160805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility is invasive and inappropriate when applied to vulnerable populations. The dual isotope method has been developed over the past 5 y as an alternative method. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to compare the indispensable amino acid (IAA) digestibility values of 2 different proteins obtained using the dual isotope and the standard ileal balance methods in the same subjects. METHODS Fifteen healthy adults completed the study. Over 4 h, they ingested 9 successive portions of mashed potatoes containing the test protein (pea protein or casein) labeled intrinsically with 15N and 2H, and a 13C-free AA mixture as a reference for the dual isotope method. Plasma was sampled regularly over the 8-h postprandial period, whereas the ileal digesta was collected continuously via a naso-ileal tube. Isotopic enrichments (15N and 13C) were measured in the digesta for the direct determination of ileal IAA digestibility, whereas plasma enrichments (2H and 13C) were measured to determine IAA digestibility using the dual isotope method. RESULTS The 4-h repeated meal procedure enabled the almost complete digestion of test proteins at 8 h and the attainment of a plasma isotopic plateau between 2.5 and 4 h. These conditions were necessary to perform the ileal balance and dual isotope methods simultaneously. For pea protein, the mean IAA digestibility was similar between the 2 methods, but significant differences (from 10% to 20%) were observed for individual IAA values. For casein, IAA digestibility was significantly lower with the dual isotope method for all the IAA analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Under our experimental conditions, the degree of agreement between the dual isotope and ileal balance methods varied among AAs and depended on the protein source. Further research is needed to validate the dual isotope method. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04072770.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence M Guillin
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France; Roquette, Nutrition & Health R&D, Lestrem, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - Gheorghe Airinei
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nadezda Khodorova
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Juliette Martin
- Unité expérimentale du Domaine d'Epoisses, INRAE, U2E, Bretenière, France
| | - Juliane Calvez
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France.
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Rey-Cadilhac L, Andueza D, Prache S. Visible spectroscopy on lamb fat and muscle to authenticate the duration of pasture finishing. Meat Sci 2024; 208:109377. [PMID: 37948958 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Pasture-based livestock systems are considered environmentally-sustainable and welfare-friendly farming systems that can meet consumer demand for good-quality produce. However, trust in products labelled as 'grass-fed' depends on the ability to reliably authenticate pasture origin. The two objectives of this study were (i) to test the ability of visible spectroscopy combined with discriminant analysis on lamb perirenal fat (PF), dorsal fat (DF) and longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle to discriminate different durations of pasture-finishing; and (ii) to determine the timing of appearance of the pasture signature and its stabilization in these tissues. Four groups of 35 lambs were used over two years, i.e. lambs fed concentrate in-stall (L0) and lambs grazing alfalfa for 21d (L21), 42d (L42) and 63d (L63) before slaughter. No one tissue satisfactorily discriminated the four treatment groups, with ≤75% of lambs correctly classified. However, visible spectroscopy discriminated L0 from L21 + L42 + L63 lambs with an accuracy of 92.8%, 92.0%, and 85.3% lambs correctly classified on PF, DF and muscle, respectively, and discriminated L0 + L21 from L42 + L63 lambs with an accuracy of 90.1%, 76.5% and 92.3% on PF, DF and muscle, respectively. The pasture fingerprint or signature on the spectrum appeared in most lambs between 0 and 21d in PF and DF and between 0 and 42d in muscle. Pasture signature gradually stabilized with increasing time on pasture but was not entirely stabilized in any tissue within the range of grazing durations explored. These promising results need to be confirmed on larger datasets with different breeds and grazing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rey-Cadilhac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, 63122 St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - D Andueza
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, 63122 St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - S Prache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213 Herbivores, 63122 St-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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37
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Luc QC, Ncho CM, Dhahbi S, Olowe OS. Mitigation of cold stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through dietary lipids supplementation: a preliminary network meta-analysis. Fish Physiol Biochem 2024; 50:209-223. [PMID: 37453980 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that water temperature can significantly impact the dietary fatty acid requirements of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Therefore, this study assessed the effectiveness of different dietary lipid sources on the growth performance of Nile tilapia reared at suboptimal temperatures. A network meta-analysis was performed, including searches of PubMed and Scopus from inception to January 2022, for trials that evaluated the effects of lipid sources on cold-stressed Nile tilapia. The Bayesian hierarchical framework was used to pool and compare the effect sizes of growth parameters such as weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Furthermore, the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was obtained to calculate the probability that each lipid source was the most effective against cold stress. All subsequent numbers refer to comparisons with diets containing only fish oil. Dietary Aurantiochytrium significantly increased weight gain (SMD = 2.00, CrI: 0.70 to 3.40). In contrast, diets containing coconut oil led to significantly lower weight gain (SMD = - 3.30, CrI: - 6.00 to - 0.63) and higher FCR (SMD = 17.0, CrI: 6.70 to 27.0). Additionally, dietary corn oil was associated with a decrease in feed intake (SMD = - 2.32, CrI: - 3.91 to - 0.80), while a combination of fish and corn oil reduced FCR (SMD = - 5.70, CrI: - 11.0 to - 0.81). In general, the analysis of SUCRA values revealed that in cold-stressed Nile tilapia, Aurantiochytrium, sunflower oil, and the combination of fish and corn oil were the most effective lipid sources for improving growth at suboptimal temperatures. The results of the current study can serve as a basis for future studies that focus on the use of dietary lipid sources to mitigate cold stress in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quenum Crespin Luc
- Department of Formation and Research in Agriculture and Animal Resources, Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Chris Major Ncho
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Souleima Dhahbi
- World Fisheries University, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-Ro, Nam-Gu, 48547, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Olumide Samuel Olowe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 270 S Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Bozkurt M, Savaş NN. Effects of monensin sodium and live attenuated oocyst vaccine as coccidiosis management programs on productive performance, bone quality and mineral utilisation in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:87-96. [PMID: 38018563 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2287726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
1. The following study was conducted to evaluate the influence of coccidiosis vaccine-induced metabolic stress on the utilisation of minerals in broilers. The starter, grower and finisher phase diets, including macro- and micro minerals at the recommended levels for the breed standards, were fed to chickens between 1 and 39 d of age.2. A total of 486, one-d-old male broilers were randomly distributed into three coccidiosis management programs (CMP) with six replications each. The CMP comprised: monensin sodium (MON), coccidiosis vaccine (VAC), not treated with MON or VAC (CNT).3. No significant differences between CMP were observed for body weight and weight gain among treatments. When compared to the CNT, the VAC program increased feed intake (P < 0.05) between d 1 to 13 and 14 to 26, while FCR worsened in the latter (P < 0.05) and the former (P = 0.05) periods.4. For birds in the MON and VAC programs, tibia bone length at d 13 and bone diameter at d 39 were both enhanced (P < 0.05). Meat yield characteristics were comparable among the CMP.5. Faeces of VAC birds had a lower (P < 0.05) dry matter and ash content than those in CNT program. CMP had no effect on serum or bone mineral concentrations at any point in time. For minerals, Mg, Na, and K faecal excretion was reduced (P < 0.01) as a result of the VAC program at d 13 with a trend at d 26.6. Compared to the CNT, the VAC program decreased the percentage ratio of drip loss (P = 0.08), water holding capacity (P < 0.01) and cooking loss (P < 0.01) in breast meat.7. Overall, the results showed that current broiler industry practices are capable of meeting the mineral needs of broilers vaccinated against coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bozkurt
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - N N Savaş
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Cavani L, Parker Gaddis KL, Baldwin RL, Santos JEP, Koltes JE, Tempelman RJ, VandeHaar MJ, White HM, Peñagaricano F, Weigel KA. Consistency of dry matter intake in Holstein cows: Heritability estimates and associations with feed efficiency. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1054-1067. [PMID: 37769947 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Resilience can be defined as the capacity to maintain performance or bounce back to normal functioning after a perturbation, and studying fluctuations in daily feed intake may be an effective way to identify resilient dairy cows. Our goal was to develop new phenotypes based on daily dry matter intake (DMI) consistency in Holstein cows, estimate genetic parameters and genetic correlations with feed efficiency and milk yield consistency, and evaluate their relationships with production, longevity, health, and reproduction traits. Data consisted of 397,334 daily DMI records of 6,238 lactating Holstein cows collected from 2007 to 2022 at 6 research stations across the United States. Consistency phenotypes were calculated based on the deviations from expected daily DMI for individual cows during their respective feeding trials, which ranged from 27 to 151 d in duration. Expected values were derived from different models, including simple average, quadratic and cubic quantile regression with a 0.5 quantile, and locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) regression with span parameters 0.5 and 0.7. We then calculated the log of variance (log-Var-DMI) of daily deviations for each model as the consistency phenotype. Consistency of milk yield was also calculated, as a reference, using the same methods (log-Var-Milk). Genetic parameters were estimated using an animal model, including lactation, days in milk and cohort as fixed effects, and animal as random effect. Relationships between log-Var-DMI and traits currently considered in the US national genetic evaluation were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlations between sires' breeding values. Heritability estimates for log-Var-DMI ranged from 0.11 ± 0.02 to 0.14 ± 0.02 across models. Different methods (simple average, quantile regressions, and LOESS regressions) used to calculate log-Var-DMI yielded very similar results, with genetic correlations ranging from 0.94 to 0.99. Estimated genetic correlations between log-Var-DMI and log-Var-Milk ranged from 0.51 to 0.62. Estimated genetic correlations between log-Var-DMI and feed efficiency ranged from 0.55 to 0.60 with secreted milk energy, from 0.59 to 0.63 with metabolic body weight, and from 0.26 to 0.31 with residual feed intake (RFI). Relationships between log-Var-DMI and the traits in the national genetic evaluation were moderate and positive correlations with milk yield (0.20 to 0.21), moderate and negative correlations with female fertility (-0.07 to -0.20), no significant correlations with health and longevity, and favorable correlations with feed efficiency (-0.23 to -0.25 with feed saved and 0.21 to 0.26 with RFI). We concluded that DMI consistency is heritable and may be an indicator of resilience. Cows with lower variation in the difference between actual and expected daily DMI (more consistency) may be more effective in maintaining performance in the face of challenges or perturbations, whereas cows with greater variation in observed versus expected daily DMI (less consistency) are less feed efficient and may be less resilient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Cavani
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
| | | | - Ransom L Baldwin
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - José E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - James E Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Robert J Tempelman
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Michael J VandeHaar
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Heather M White
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Francisco Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Kent A Weigel
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Marudhupandi T, Dhayanithi NB, Jeyaprakashsabari S, Deepa SD, Ajith Kumar TT, Sarkar UK. Insulin-like growth factor II, a marker gene for determining the optimum dietary protein level in clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris. Fish Physiol Biochem 2024; 50:171-182. [PMID: 37020119 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In vivo study was conducted to determine the role of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-II) related to dietary protein utilization. For this early juvenile stage of marine false clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris, 300 numbers of 20-day-old larvae (initial body weight of 18.2±0.027 mg/fish) were used as an experimental animal. Animals were fed for 12 weeks with different dietary protein levels (35, 40, 45, 50, and 55%), using Spirulina maxima as a major protein source. Proximate compositions and amino acid profile of the formulated diet were analyzed by the standard methods. Eventually, significant (P<0.05) mean, body weight gain, absolute growth rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio were obtained in the fishes fed with 50% of dietary protein, whereas, poor growth performance was noticed in 35% of the dietary protein level fed juveniles. The growth-responsible gene IGF-II expression studies showed the significant upregulation in the growth of the juveniles at 2.05±0.11 for 40%, 3.13±0.20 for 45%, 4.97±0.13 for 50%, and 4.33± 0.24 for 55%, which were higher than the control group 35%. The study concluded that 50% of dietary protein level is optimal for better growth indices in clownfish; A. ocellaris juveniles and IGF-II can be used as a potential marker gene to assess the growth indices in A. ocellaris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sugatha Dhas Deepa
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | | | - Uttam Kumar Sarkar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
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Ribes S, Aubry L, Kristiawan M, Jebalia I, Dupont D, Guillevic M, Germain A, Chesneau G, Sayd T, Talens P, Peyron MA, Santé-Lhoutellier V. Fava bean (Vicia faba L.) protein concentrate added to beef burgers improves the bioaccessibility of some free essential amino acids after in vitro oral and gastrointestinal digestion. Food Res Int 2024; 177:113916. [PMID: 38225150 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The influence of partial replacement of animal protein by plant-based ingredients on the protein digestibility of beef burgers was investigated. Beef burgers were supplemented with fava bean protein concentrate (FB) or a mixture of FB and flaxseed flour (FBFS), both processed by extrusion, at different levels: 0 (control), 10, 15, and 20 % (w/w). A pilot sensory analysis was conducted to select the percentage of flour inclusion for further assays: control, 10 % FB, and 10 % FBFS. Protein digestibility, amino acid profile, and protein secondary structure of these burgers after in vitro oral and gastrointestinal digestion were studied. In vitro boluses were prepared with the AM2 masticator, simulating normal mastication, and static in vitro digestion of boluses was performed according to the INFOGEST method. Inclusion of 10 % FB in beef burgers did not alter their flavour or tenderness compared to the control, whereas tenderness and juiciness scored slightly higher for the 10 % FBFS burgers compared to 15 % and 20 % FBFS ones. Poor lipid oxidative stability during storage was observed with 10 % FBFS burgers. Total protein content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 10 % FB burgers than in control burgers after in vitro oral digestion. Additionally, 10 % FB burgers presented higher amounts of free essential amino acids like isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and valine at the end of digestion, as well as methionine, tyrosine, and histidine. Partial substitution of meat protein by 10 % FB improves the nutritional profile of beef burgers, without altering their sensory qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ribes
- INRAE, QuaPA UR 370, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France; Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos - Food UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Laurent Aubry
- INRAE, QuaPA UR 370, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | | | - Imen Jebalia
- INRAE UR 1268 Biopolymers Interactions and Assemblies (BIA), France
| | - Didier Dupont
- INRAE UMR 1253 Science and Technology of Milk and Eggs (STLO), France
| | | | | | | | - Thierry Sayd
- INRAE, QuaPA UR 370, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Pau Talens
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos - Food UPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marie-Agnès Peyron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Melo DSD, de Sá ALA, de Matos Guerreiro SL, Natividade J, Gomes PFF, Takata R, da Silva Filho E, Palheta GDA, de Melo NFAC, Sterzelecki FC, Hamoy I. Growth, survival, and myogenic gene expression in the post-larvae of Colossoma macropomum provisioned with Artemia nauplii. Fish Physiol Biochem 2024; 50:145-155. [PMID: 36971872 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Artemia nauplii are widely used as fish larvae feed due to its beneficial nutritional characteristics for larval development; however, efficient feeding strategies are needed to balance its high costs. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of different densities of Artemia nauplii (100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 nauplii/post-larvae) on the growth, survival, water quality, and myogenic gene expression of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) post-larvae cultivated in a recirculating aquaculture system. After 2 weeks of trial, there was a significant decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration with the increase in nauplii density, but it did not interfere with larval performance and survival. In the first week, larvae fed with fewer than 500 nauplii/post-larvae presented slower growth, while in the second week, larvae fed with 1000 nauplii/post-larvae had the highest final weight and length. Regression analysis suggests that the optimum feeding density of Artemia nauplii during the first week is 411 nauplii/post-larvae, while for the second week, the growth increased proportionally to the feeding densities. The relative expression of the myod, myog, and mstn genes was higher in larvae fed with fewer than 500 nauplii/post-larvae. Although low-growing larvae showed increased expression of myod and myog genes, responsible for muscle hyperplasia and hypertrophy, respectively, mstn expression may have played a significant inhibitory role in larval development. Further research is needed to better determine the effects of the live food on the zootechnical performance and the expression of the myogenic genes in the initial phase of the life cycle of the tambaqui post-larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Sayumi Doami Melo
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada (LGA), Instituto Socioambiental E Dos Recursos Hídricos (ISARH), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Alves de Sá
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada (LGA), Instituto Socioambiental E Dos Recursos Hídricos (ISARH), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sávio Lucas de Matos Guerreiro
- Laboratório de Genética Humana E Médica (LGHM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Joane Natividade
- Laboratório de Biossistemas Aquáticos Amazônicos (BIOAQUAM), ISARH, UFRA, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Takata
- Departamento de Pesquisa E Produção, Fundação Instituto de Pesca Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro (FIPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Cordeiro, Brazil
| | - Ednaldo da Silva Filho
- Laboratório de Sorologia E Biologia Molecular (LSBM), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, UFRA, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Igor Hamoy
- Laboratório de Genética Aplicada (LGA), Instituto Socioambiental E Dos Recursos Hídricos (ISARH), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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Vojnovic S, Aleksic I, Ilic-Tomic T, Stevanovic M, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Bacillus and Streptomyces spp. as hosts for production of industrially relevant enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:185. [PMID: 38289383 PMCID: PMC10827964 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The application of enzymes is expanding across diverse industries due to their nontoxic and biodegradable characteristics. Another advantage is their cost-effectiveness, reflected in reduced processing time, water, and energy consumption. Although Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus, and Streptomyces spp. are successfully used for production of industrially relevant enzymes, they still lag far behind Escherichia coli as hosts for recombinant protein production. Generally, proteins secreted by Bacillus and Streptomyces hosts are released into the culture medium; their native conformation is preserved and easier recovery process enabled. Given the resilience of both hosts in harsh environmental conditions and their spore-forming capability, a deeper understanding and broader use of Bacillus and Streptomyces as expression hosts could significantly enhance the robustness of industrial bioprocesses. This mini-review aims to compare two expression hosts, emphasizing their specific advantages in industrial surroundings such are chemical, detergent, textile, food, animal feed, leather, and paper industries. The homologous sources, heterologous hosts, and molecular tools used for the production of recombinant proteins in these hosts are discussed. The potential to use both hosts as biocatalysts is also evaluated. Undoubtedly, Bacillus and Streptomyces spp. as production hosts possess the potential to take on a more substantial role, providing superior (bio-based) process robustness and flexibility. KEY POINTS: • Bacillus and Streptomyces spp. as robust hosts for enzyme production. • Industrially relevant enzyme groups for production in alternative hosts highlighted. • Molecular biology techniques are enabling easier utilization of both hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vojnovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Aleksic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ilic-Tomic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042, Belgrade 152, Serbia.
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K. C. BM, Lamichhane J, Khanal SN, Gauchan DP. Traditional utilization of bamboo in the Central Siwalik region, Nepal. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296886. [PMID: 38289942 PMCID: PMC10826958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bamboo are the fastest growing perennial woody grasses that have versatile applications. Most of the local people inhabiting the riverine area of the Siwalik region of Nepal rely on bamboo products for economic benefits and medicinal uses. Our objective was to identify the diversity of bamboo species, their ethnomedicinal practices, and economic and ecological importance. Data were collected by direct observation, key informant interviews, participatory rural appraisal, inventory technique, focus group discussions, and a household survey using semi-structured and structured questionnaires. We recorded four genera and nine species of bamboo, of which eight species have been used for agriculture, five for medicine, four for construction, food, fodder, artifacts and religious purpose, three for river embankment, and two for ornamental purpose. As the local people in the study area were deprived of medical facilities, using traditional herbal medicine to cure various diseases was a common practice. The inhabitants responded that they use bamboo-based primary ethnomedicinal care even against snake and scorpion bites. Similarly, they use bamboo young culm for reducing body weight and control diabetes. The value of the informant consensus factor was found to be maximum for the bamboo against snake and scorpion bites (1.0) and minimum for weight loss (0.81). This study concludes that the traditional utilization of all kinds of bamboo in the region is vast despite their less diversity. The recorded bamboo species are used not only for food and fodder but also in preparing artifacts, soil nutrients restoration in the fallow land, construction materials for the rural people, river embankments, and religious and spiritual purposes. Therefore, if grown on a large scale, bamboo can provide sustainable benefits for the local users and ecological aspects. Bambusa tulda and Dendrocalamus strictus have a broad spectrum of pharmacological agents. Considering the multifaceted application of bamboo in the Siwalik area, it is worthwhile to encourage the local people to bamboo plantation, which would contribute to supplement their household requirements and be one of the alternative livelihood options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Maya K. C.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Janardan Lamichhane
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Sanjay Nath Khanal
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Dhurva Prasad Gauchan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
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Caballero Cerbon DA, Gebhard L, Dokuyucu R, Ertl T, Härtl S, Mazhar A, Weuster-Botz D. Challenges and Advances in the Bioproduction of L-Cysteine. Molecules 2024; 29:486. [PMID: 38257399 PMCID: PMC10821248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
L-cysteine is a proteogenic amino acid with many applications in the pharmaceutical, food, animal feed, and cosmetic industries. Due to safety and environmental issues in extracting L-cysteine from animal hair and feathers, the fermentative production of L-cysteine offers an attractive alternative using renewable feedstocks. Strategies to improve microbial production hosts like Pantoea ananatis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Pseudomonas sp., and Escherichia coli are summarized. Concerning the metabolic engineering strategies, the overexpression of feedback inhibition-insensitive L-serine O-acetyltransferase and weakening the degradation of L-cysteine through the removal of L-cysteine desulfhydrases are crucial adjustments. The overexpression of L-cysteine exporters is vital to overcome the toxicity caused by intracellular accumulating L-cysteine. In addition, we compiled the process engineering aspects for the bioproduction of L-cysteine. Utilizing the energy-efficient sulfur assimilation pathway via thiosulfate, fermenting cheap carbon sources, designing scalable, fed-batch processes with individual feedings of carbon and sulfur sources, and implementing efficient purification techniques are essential for the fermentative production of L-cysteine on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alejandro Caballero Cerbon
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Leon Gebhard
- TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ruveyda Dokuyucu
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, D-94315 Straubing, Germany; (R.D.); (T.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Theresa Ertl
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, D-94315 Straubing, Germany; (R.D.); (T.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Sophia Härtl
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, D-94315 Straubing, Germany; (R.D.); (T.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Ayesha Mazhar
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Petersgasse 5, D-94315 Straubing, Germany; (R.D.); (T.E.); (S.H.)
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany;
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Zhang H, Tang Y, Wang W, Yu D, Yang L, Jiang X, Song W, Zhao B. A new semiconductor heterojunction SERS substrate for ultra-sensitive detection of antibiotic residues in egg. Food Chem 2024; 431:137163. [PMID: 37603998 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues in animal-derived food (egg) are threatening human health. Semiconductor heterojunction surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates can be used for ultra-sensitive detection of antibiotic residues in egg. Here, a TiO2/ZnO heterojunction was developed as a new SERS substrate based on an interface engineering strategy. Due to strong interfacial coupling and efficient carrier separating in heterostructure, utilization rate of photo-induced electrons in substrate was improved greatly, which realized the efficient charge transfer in substrate-molecule system, resulting in a prominent SERS enhancement. Taking the detection of enrofloxacin residue in egg as an example, the limit of detection (LOD) is only 13.1 μg/kg, which is far below the European Union standard, and lower than LODs of other conventional analytical methods and existing noble metal-based SERS methods. More importantly, benefiting from high sensitivity and selectivity of heterojunction and fingerprint characteristics of SERS, multiple antibiotic residues in egg can be identified simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of Industrial Hemp for State Market Regulation, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yimin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of Industrial Hemp for State Market Regulation, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Weie Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Dongxue Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Libin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of Industrial Hemp for State Market Regulation, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of Industrial Hemp for State Market Regulation, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Hoteit M, Khadra R, Fadlallah Z, Mourad Y, Chahine M, Skaiki F, Al Manasfi E, Chahine A, Poh OBJ, Tzenios N. Prevalence and Time Trends of Low Serum B12 Levels and Inadequate B12 Dietary Intake in Lebanese Adults amidst the Food Insecurity Situation: Findings from a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:226. [PMID: 38257119 PMCID: PMC10818865 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rising food insecurity (FI) and the increased prices of animal-based foods could compromise vitamin B12 (B12) intake and serum levels in food-insecure people. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of low levels of serum B12 and its inadequate dietary intake among a nationally representative sample of Lebanese adults aged 18 to 64 years, while exploring the impact of FI and identifying other potential predictors. The B12 intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and the mean of two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. The B12 serum levels were also examined. To examine the time trends in the B12 serum levels and dietary intake, the data from a large representative digitized database of 6290 participants were collected, along with the examination of FAOSTAT food consumption data both before and during the economic crisis period. Our findings revealed that 47.3% of households in Lebanon experienced FI. The inadequate intake of B12 food sources was prevalent in 52.5% of participants, and 61.1% presented with low (23%) or intermediate (38.1%) levels of serum B12. The food-secure households had a higher proportion of B12 intake from meats (p = 0.004), while traditional foods contributed more to food-insecure households (p = 0.000). The participants who were female, unemployed, food-insecure, and had low dietary diversity were about two to three times more likely to have inadequate B12 intake. The predictors of low levels of serum B12 included residing in Beqaa (OR = 2.856 and 95% CI = 1.018-8.01) and having inadequate B12 intake (OR = 1.788 and 95% CI = 1.2-2.65). The findings from observing the time trends in the consumption and the serum levels of B12 indicate a considerable decline in the consumption of most animal-based foods compared to the pre-crisis period, associated with a decline in the serum levels of B12. In conclusion, an alarming prevalence of low dietary intake and low serum levels of B12 was revealed among Lebanese adults, and the indirect effect of FI on B12 serum levels mediated through B12 intake was inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Hoteit
- Food Sciences Unit, National Council for Scientific Research-Lebanon (CNRS-L), Beirut P.O. Box 11-8281, Lebanon (Z.F.)
- Faculty of Public Health, Section 1, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Razan Khadra
- Food Sciences Unit, National Council for Scientific Research-Lebanon (CNRS-L), Beirut P.O. Box 11-8281, Lebanon (Z.F.)
| | - Zahraa Fadlallah
- Food Sciences Unit, National Council for Scientific Research-Lebanon (CNRS-L), Beirut P.O. Box 11-8281, Lebanon (Z.F.)
| | - Youmna Mourad
- Al Hadi Laboratory and IVF Center, Beirut 1103, Lebanon;
| | - Mohamad Chahine
- Biological and Chemical Technology, Kursk State Medical University, 305000 Kursk, Russia;
| | - Farouk Skaiki
- Department of Molecular Biology, General Management, Al Karim Medical Laboratories, Saida 1600, Lebanon;
| | | | | | | | - Nikolaos Tzenios
- Faculty of Public Health, Charisma University, London EC1V 7QE, UK
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Sosanya ME, Freeland-Graves JH, Gbemileke AO, Adesanya OD, Akinyemi OO, Ojezele SO, Samuel FO. Why Acute Undernutrition? A Qualitative Exploration of Food Preferences, Perceptions and Factors Underlying Diet in Adolescent Girls in Rural Communities in Nigeria. Nutrients 2024; 16:204. [PMID: 38257097 PMCID: PMC10819043 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent girls are nutritionally vulnerable due to their rapid growth and increased nutrient requirements. Nigeria has the sixth-largest population in the world. This study qualitatively explored the food preferences, perceptions of nutritive value and factors underlying food consumption of adolescent girls in rural communities in Nigeria. METHODS The data were collected via the free listing of foods and focus group sessions conducted in the Hausa language with 48 unmarried adolescent girls. The discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated into English, and analyzed using a deductive thematic framework. RESULTS The mean age of the respondents was 13.0 ± 2.7, and almost half (48%) had a primary school education. A total of 19 and 23 foods were identified as preferred, and perceived as nourishing, respectively. The top 10 foods present on both free lists overlapped considerably in terms of cognitive salience. The focus group themes included nutrition knowledge, food preferences, autonomy, household food allocation, courtship practices, and agricultural landscapes and economic access. The participants had minimal knowledge of nutrients and food groups, and their preferred foods were limited in diversity. The key factors in food preferences were desirable health effects, sensory attributes, and the contribution of foods to a desirable body image for marriage. Household food choices depended on parents. Thus, a desire for independence was an incentive for early marriage, mostly at 13 to 17 years. Gender inequities in household food distribution (quantity) and animal protein intake were reported. The participants believed that boys need more food for strength to impregnate girls. As part of a courtship practice, the girls received gifts of animal source foods from potential suitors. The food options were limited by financial challenges and low agricultural diversity. CONCLUSION To interrupt the cycle of inadequate food consumption and undernutrition in these adolescent girls, policy makers need to promote nutrition education and address the underlying determinants of inequitable access to nutritious foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy E. Sosanya
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi 740102, Nigeria;
| | | | | | | | - Oluwaseun O. Akinyemi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200285, Nigeria
| | - Samuel O. Ojezele
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200285, Nigeria
| | - Folake O. Samuel
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200132, Nigeria
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49
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Ebeid TA, Al-Homidan IH, Saleh AA, Barakat HA. Physiological and immunological aspects of feed restriction and its beneficial impacts in fattening rabbits' productivity-an updated review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:33. [PMID: 38183493 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Two feed restriction (FR) regimens are utilized with weaned rabbits including a quantitative FR (amount-limited feed or time-restricted admission to feed) and a qualitative FR (modulation of diet content especially protein and energy). The use of post-weaning FR may help in preventing post-weaning digestive disorders, stimulating compensating growth, improving feed efficiency, and decreasing carcass fat content. Interestingly, FR may contribute to changing meat's chemical composition and its physical quality attributes by regulating the morphological and biochemical characteristics of muscle fibers. Also, FR could enhance the gastrointestinal tract development, its histomorphology, and improve feed digestibility and absorption. Furthermore, FR regimens are involved in establishing gut microbial balance and enhancing the host immunological response. It might be concluded that post-weaning FR is involved in influencing the physiological and immunological aspects of growing rabbits. It might be documented that light to mild FR (i.e., 80-90% AL), early (i.e., at the first 2 weeks post-weaning), and relatively short in duration (i.e., for 2-3 weeks) had no negative effects on live body weight, while severing FR reduced live body weight in comparison with ad libitum rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Amin Ebeid
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim Hamad Al-Homidan
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ali Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Hassan Ahmed Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Egypt
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50
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He W, Posey EA, Steele CC, Savell JW, Bazer FW, Wu G. Dietary glycine supplementation enhances glutathione availability in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae025. [PMID: 38271555 PMCID: PMC10873787 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glycine enhances the synthesis and concentrations of glutathione (GSH, a major antioxidant) in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). At weaning (21 d of age), IUGR pigs and litter mates with normal birth weights (NBW) were assigned randomly to one of two groups, representing supplementation with 1% glycine or 1.19% l-alanine (isonitrogenous control) to a corn- and soybean meal-based diet. Blood and other tissues were obtained from the pigs within 1 wk after the feeding trial ended at 188 d of age to determine GSH, oxidized GSH (GSSG), and activities of GSH-metabolic enzymes. Results indicated that concentrations of GSH + GSSG or GSH in plasma, liver, and jejunum (P < 0.001) and concentrations of GSH in longissimus lumborum and gastrocnemius muscles (P < 0.05) were lower in IUGR pigs than in NBW pigs. In contrast, IUGR increased GSSG/GSH ratios (an indicator of oxidative stress) in plasma (P < 0.001), jejunum (P < 0.001), both muscles (P < 0.05), and pancreas (P = 0.001), while decreasing activities of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase in liver (P < 0.001) and jejunum (P < 0.01); and GSH reductase in jejunum (P < 0.01), longissimus lumborum muscle (P < 0.01), gastrocnemius muscle (P < 0.05), and pancreas (P < 0.01). In addition, IUGR pigs had greater (P < 0.001) concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; an indicator of lipid peroxidation) in plasma, jejunum, muscles, and pancreas than NBW pigs. Compared with isonitrogenous controls, dietary glycine supplementation increased concentrations of GSH plus GSSG and GSH in plasma (P < 0.01), liver (P < 0.001), jejunum (P < 0.001), longissimus lumborum muscle (P = 0.001), and gastrocnemius muscle (P < 0.05); activities of GSH-synthetic enzymes in liver (P < 0.01) and jejunum (P < 0.05), while reducing GSSG/GSH ratios in plasma (P < 0.001), jejunum (P < 0.001), longissimus lumborum muscle (P < 0.001), gastrocnemius muscle (P = 0.01), pancreas (P < 0.05), and kidneys (P < 0.01). Concentrations of GSH plus GSSG, GSH, and GSSG/GSH ratios in kidneys were not affected (P > 0.05) by IUGR. Furthermore, glycine supplementation reduced (P < 0.001) TBARS concentrations in plasma, jejunum, muscles, and pancreas. Collectively, IUGR reduced GSH availability and induced oxidative stress in pig tissues, and these abnormalities were prevented by dietary glycine supplementation in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang He
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Erin A Posey
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Chandler C Steele
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Savell
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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