1
|
Lalmansingh JM, Keeley AT, Ruff KM, Pappu RV, Holehouse AS. SOURSOP: A Python Package for the Analysis of Simulations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:5609-5620. [PMID: 37463458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Conformational heterogeneity is a defining hallmark of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDRs). The functions of IDRs and the emergent cellular phenotypes they control are associated with sequence-specific conformational ensembles. Simulations of conformational ensembles that are based on atomistic and coarse-grained models are routinely used to uncover the sequence-specific interactions that may contribute to IDR functions. These simulations are performed either independently or in conjunction with data from experiments. Functionally relevant features of IDRs can span a range of length scales. Extracting these features requires analysis routines that quantify a range of properties. Here, we describe a new analysis suite simulation analysis of unfolded regions of proteins (SOURSOP), an object-oriented and open-source toolkit designed for the analysis of simulated conformational ensembles of IDRs. SOURSOP implements several analysis routines motivated by principles in polymer physics, offering a unique collection of simple-to-use functions to characterize IDR ensembles. As an extendable framework, SOURSOP supports the development and implementation of new analysis routines that can be easily packaged and shared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Lalmansingh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Alex T Keeley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kiersten M Ruff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Rohit V Pappu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Alex S Holehouse
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamasaki K, Fujisaki-Hirakawa M, Taguchi K, Kadowaki D, Tsukigawa K, Nishi K, Otagiri M, Seo H. In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Atemoya Fruit (Annona atemoya) for Food-Drug Interactions. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 47:177-185. [PMID: 34881402 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Atemoya (Annona atemoya) is increasingly being consumed worldwide because of its pleasant taste. However, only limited information is available concerning possible atemoya-drug interactions. In the present study, the issue of whether atemoya shows food-drug interactions with substrate drugs of the major drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s (i.e., CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP3A) is addressed. METHODS The ability of atemoya juice to inhibit the activities of phenacetin O-deethylase (CYP1A2), diclofenac 4'-hydroxylase (CYP2C9), and midazolam 1'-hydroxylase (CYP3A) was examined in vitro using human and rat liver microsomes. The in vivo pharmacokinetics of phenacetin and metabolites derived from it in rats when atemoya juice or fluvoxamine (a CYP1A2 inhibitor) was preadministered were also investigated. RESULTS Atemoya juice significantly inhibited CYP1A2 activity in human liver microsomes, but not the activities of CYP2C9 and CYP3A. In spite of this inhibition, preadministration of atemoya had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of phenacetin, a CYP1A2 substrate, in rats. Meanwhile, preadministration of fluvoxamine significantly extended the time needed for the elimination of phenacetin, possibly due to the inhibition of CYP1A2. This suggests that the intake of an excess amount of atemoya juice is necessary to cause a change in the pharmacokinetics of phenacetin when the IC50 values for CYP1A2 inhibition by atemoya and fluvoxamine are taken into account. CONCLUSION The results indicate that a daily intake of atemoya would not change the pharmacokinetics of CYP1A2 substrates such as phenacetin as well as CYP2C9- and CYP3A-substrate drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0082, Japan.
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | | | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kadowaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsukigawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Nishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hakaru Seo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0082, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anila PA, Keerthiga B, Ramesh M, Muralisankar T. Synthesis and characterization of palladium nanoparticles by chemical and green methods: A comparative study on hepatic toxicity using zebrafish as an animal model. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 244:108979. [PMID: 33548545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles synthesized by chemical methods are of a matter of concern, whereas, the green methods are said to be eco-friendly and environmentally safe. In this study, the toxicity of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) synthesized through chemical co-precipitation and green route method using Annona squamosa seed kernels (As-Pd NPs) were evaluated using zebrafish as an animal model. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 0.4 ng/L of Pd NPs and As-Pd NPs for 96-h, further oxidative stress parameters and histological changes were evaluated. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity and the lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were elevated in the Pd NPs groups. But in the As-Pd NPs group, the SOD activity showed a biphasic nature while the CAT activity gradually declined till the 96-h compared to the control and Pd NPs groups. The LPO levels in the As-Pd NPs groups showed a measurable increase till 72-h and sudden decline at the end of 96-h. Anomalies in the histological changes such as ruptured hepatocytes, sinusoidal congestion, vacuolation and accumulation of erythrocytes were observed in both the NPs treated groups but As-Pd NPs exhibited lesser lesions than the control and Pd NPs groups. However, our present study reveals the possible reliability of the nanoparticles and the mechanism of scavenging activity suggesting that the As-Pd NPs synthesized by green route are less toxic comparing to the chemically synthesized Pd NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pottanthara Ashokan Anila
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramaniyam Keerthiga
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Muralisankar
- Aquatic Ecology Lab, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pineda-Ríos JM, Cibrián-Tovar J, Hernández-Fuentes LM, López-Romero RM, Soto-Rojas L, Romero-Nápoles J, Llanderal-Cázares C, Salomé-Abarca LF. α-Terpineol: An Aggregation Pheromone in Optatus palmaris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Pascoe, 1889) Enhanced by Its Host-Plant Volatiles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102861. [PMID: 34065875 PMCID: PMC8150320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Annonaceae fruits weevil (Optatus palmaris) causes high losses to the soursop production in Mexico. Damage occurs when larvae and adults feed on the fruits; however, there is limited research about control strategies against this pest. However, pheromones provide a high potential management scheme for this curculio. Thus, this research characterized the behavior and volatile production of O. palmaris in response to their feeding habits. Olfactometry assays established preference by weevils to volatiles produced by feeding males and soursop. The behavior observed suggests the presence of an aggregation pheromone and a kairomone. Subsequently, insect volatiles sampled by solid-phase microextraction and dynamic headspace detected a unique compound on feeding males increased especially when feeding. Feeding-starvation experiments showed an averaged fifteen-fold increase in the concentration of a monoterpenoid on males feeding on soursop, and a decrease of the release of this compound males stop feeding. GC-MS analysis of volatiles identified this compound as α-terpineol. Further olfactometry assays using α-terpineol and soursop, demonstrated that this combination is double attractive to Annonaceae weevils than only soursop volatiles. The results showed a complementation effect between α-terpineol and soursop volatiles. Thus, α-terpineol is the aggregation pheromone of O. palmaris, and its concentration is enhanced by host-plant volatiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Pineda-Ríos
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (J.R.-N.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - Juan Cibrián-Tovar
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (J.R.-N.); (C.L.-C.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.-T.); (L.F.S.-A.); Tel.: +52-155-383-54600 (J.C.-T.); +52-175-810-86324 (L.F.S.-A.)
| | - Luis Martín Hernández-Fuentes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Progreso Número 5, Barrio de Santa Catarina, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04010, Mexico;
| | - Rosa María López-Romero
- Postgrado en Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico;
| | - Lauro Soto-Rojas
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (J.R.-N.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - Jesús Romero-Nápoles
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (J.R.-N.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - Celina Llanderal-Cázares
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (J.R.-N.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - Luis F. Salomé-Abarca
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (J.R.-N.); (C.L.-C.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.-T.); (L.F.S.-A.); Tel.: +52-155-383-54600 (J.C.-T.); +52-175-810-86324 (L.F.S.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rosan Fortunato Seixas F, Kempfer Bassoli B, Borghi Virgolin L, Chancare Garcia L, Soares Janzantti N. Physicochemical Properties and Effects of Fruit Pulps from the Amazon Biome on Physiological Parameters in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051484. [PMID: 33924791 PMCID: PMC8146226 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical characteristics and the effects of Amazonian pulp fruits consumption, such as araçá-boi (Eugenia stipitata), abiu grande (Pouteria caimito), araticum (Annona crassiflora), biri-biri (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), and yellow mangosteen (Garcinia xanthochymus), on hematologic, metabolic, renal, and hepatic function parameters in Wistar rats (n = 10 rats/group). The pulp of abiu had the highest levels of soluble solids, sugars, and pH. Biri-biri pulp had the highest levels of ascorbic acid and total titratable acidity, and a low pH. The araticum pulp had higher (p ≤ 0.05) ash content, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity than the pulp of other analyzed fruits. No significant increase in hematocrit, nor reduction of blood glucose, plasma cholesterol, and serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (TGP), creatinine, and urea was observed in experimental groups relative to the control group of rats after the consumption of fruits pulp. The intake of abiu and araticum pulps promoted a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in total leukocytes of the experimental groups as compared to the control group and only the intake of araticum significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) triglyceride blood levels in rats (99.50 mg/dL). The regular consumption of biri-biri pulp for 30 days significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (TGO) levels in rats (116.83 U/L) compared to the control group (98.00 U/L). More researches are needed to generate knowledge about these promising Amazonian fruits, supporting the native fruit production, in addition to promoting health in the population and sustainability in the Amazon region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rosan Fortunato Seixas
- Department of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Highway Dourados/Itahum, Km 12—Unit II, 79804-970 Dourados, Brazil;
- Department of Engineering and Food Technology, São Paulo State University, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265—Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (L.B.V.); (N.S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(69)-981351440
| | - Bruna Kempfer Bassoli
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Avenida Capitão Ene Garcês, n° 2413—Aeroporto, 69310-000 Boa Vista, Brazil;
| | - Lara Borghi Virgolin
- Department of Engineering and Food Technology, São Paulo State University, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265—Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (L.B.V.); (N.S.J.)
| | - Laís Chancare Garcia
- Department of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Highway Dourados/Itahum, Km 12—Unit II, 79804-970 Dourados, Brazil;
| | - Natália Soares Janzantti
- Department of Engineering and Food Technology, São Paulo State University, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265—Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (L.B.V.); (N.S.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chou CH, Wang CY, Shyu YT, Wu SJ. The effect of high-pressure processing on reducing the glycaemic index of atemoya puree. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:1546-1553. [PMID: 32869308 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the glycaemic index (GI) of atemoya puree (AP) in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with unprocessed and high-pressure processed atemoya puree (HPP-AP), and the GIs for the unprocessed AP and HPP-AP were calculated from changes in blood glucose concentrations within 2 h after meals. The physicochemical properties of AP were analysed to understand the mechanism affecting its GI. RESULTS The results showed that HPP (600 MPa for 15 min) could delay increase in postprandial blood glucose levels, decrease the peak value of postprandial blood glucose by 76.1%, and significantly decrease the GI of AP to 49.8 in the experimental group compared to 65.4 in the control group. HPP did not exert a significant effect on the glucose and pectin contents of AP, but it increased the viscosity of the puree and its dietary fibre content and delayed the time of peak glucose response. In the analysis of enzymes of the puree, we found that HPP significantly decreased the activities of sucrose invertase, pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase, thereby decreasing the rate of glucose generation in the puree and stabilizing the pectin structure, which decreased the absorption of glucose by the small intestine, thus decreasing the GI value. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that HPP technology could effectively delay increase in postprandial blood glucose levels and decrease the GI value of AP, thus having a potential application in developing atemoya puree products with low GI. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tay Shyu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sz-Jie Wu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ali El Hadi Mohamed R, Ahmed Al-Keridis L, Nagmouchi S, Benammar R. Susceptibility of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) Larvae to Methanolic Extracts of Annona reticulata. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:1077-1083. [PMID: 34842378 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.1077.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Environment pollution and resistance of many pests to the most frequently used chemical insecticides gave the rationale of altering to replace them with natural herbal extracts for pests and vector control. This study investigated the effect of methanolic extract of <i>Annona reticulata</i> on the mortality and development of larvae of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Methanolic herbal extracts were analyzed using Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) to identify the phytochemical compounds in them. Ten mosquito larvae were used as replicates and exposed to each of the five concentrations of the plant extract (30, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg mL<sup>1</sup>) and ten larvae were exposed to double distilled water and considered as control. <b>Results:</b> Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, steroids, quinones, tannins and saponins. Statistical analysis showed a significant strong correlation and regression between exposure to the different concentrations of the extract and mortality of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> larvae where R<sup>2</sup> = 0.982, the Correlation value is 0.991099 (p<0.05). Results also showed that the extracts affect the development of larvae more than mortality. The effect of the extracts on the early larval stages was significantly high compared to the late stages of larvae. <b>Conclusion:</b> According to our knowledge results of this study has been reported for the first time in Saudi Arabia where <i>Annona reticulata</i> is neglected regionally and no study approved its efficacy as a botanical herbal extract against mosquitoes.
Collapse
|
8
|
E Gugun D, Handayani SI, Tanuarja B, Nurbaya S, Prasasty VD, Sahar N. Effect of Annona muricata Leaf Extract Towards the Sertoli Cells on Alloxan-Induced Mice. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:1316-1321. [PMID: 34989208 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.1316.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Prolonged and uncontrolled hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus can increase the production of reactive oxygen and enhance the risk of male infertility by reducing the number of Sertoli cells. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of Ethanol Extract of <i>Annona muricata </i>leaf (EEAL) on the amount of Sertoli cells in alloxan-induced mice antioxidant to prevent reducing the number of Sertoli cells. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The samples used for this study are 30 alloxan-induced Swiss Webster mice divided into a negative control group, a positive control group (glibenclamide 0.65 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) and three plant extract groups (EEAL 150, 300 and 600 mg kg<sup>1</sup>). Every solution was given every day for 14 days. Histological examination using HE-stained preparations was performed on 40x magnification to evaluate many Sertoli cells counted using Image J software. <b>Results:</b> three EEAL groups of 150, 300 and 600 mg kg<sup>1</sup> have significant effects (p<0.05) to increase the amounts of Sertoli cells compared to a negative control group. In contrast, it does not significantly affect the amounts of Sertoli cells than the positive control group. <b>Conclusion:</b> The administration of <i>A. muricata</i> leaf extract during 14 days significantly reduced the number of Sertoli cells on alloxan-induced mice.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ho CW, Lazim A, Fazry S, Hussain Zaki UKH, Massa S, Lim SJ. Alcoholic fermentation of soursop (Annona muricata) juice via an alternative fermentation technique. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:1012-1021. [PMID: 31646636 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wines are produced via the alcoholic fermentation of suitable substrates, usually sugar (sugar cane, grapes) and carbohydrates (wheat, grain). However, conventional alcoholic fermentation is limited by the inhibition of yeast by ethanol produced, usually at approximately 13-14%. Aside from that, soursop fruit is a very nutritious fruit, although it is highly perishable, and thus produces a lot of wastage. Therefore, the present study aimed to produce fermented soursop juice (soursop wine), using combination of two starter cultures, namely mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), as well as to determine the effects of fermentation on the physicochemical and antioxidant activities of fermented soursop juice. Optimisation of four factors (pH, temperature, time and culture ratio) using response surface methodology were performed to maximise ethanol production. RESULTS The optimised values for alcoholic fermentation were pH 4.99, 28.29 °C, 131 h and a 0.42 culture ratio (42:58, P. pulmonarius mycelia:S. cerevisiae) with a predicted ethanol concentration of 22.25%. Through a verification test, soursop wine with 22.29 ± 0.52% ethanol was produced. The antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power) showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase from the soursop juice to soursop wine. CONCLUSION The alternative fermentation technique using yeast and mushroom has successfully been optimised, with an increased ethanol production in soursop wine and higher antioxidant activities. Ultimately, this finding has high potential for application in the brewing industry to enhance the fermentation process, as well as in the development of an innovative niche product, reducing wastage by converting the highly-perishable fruit into wine with a more stable and longer shelf-life. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Wai Ho
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azwan Lazim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shazrul Fazry
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Tasik Chini Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Umi Kalsum Hj Hussain Zaki
- Food Designing Programme, Food Science & Technology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, MARDI Headquarters, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Salvatore Massa
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Science (SAFE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Seng Joe Lim
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alsenosy AWA, El-Far AH, Sadek KM, Ibrahim SA, Atta MS, Sayed-Ahmed A, Al Jaouni SK, Mousa SA. Graviola (Annona muricata) attenuates behavioural alterations and testicular oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin in diabetic rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222410. [PMID: 31509596 PMCID: PMC6738607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stresses intensify the progression of diabetes-related behavioural changes and testicular injuries. Graviola (Annona muricata), a small tree of the Annonaceae family, has been investigated for its protective effects against diabetic complications, oxidative stress, and neuropathies. This study was planned to investigate the effects of graviola on behavioural alterations and testicular oxidative status of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg)-induced diabetic rats. Forty adult male Wistar rats were equally allocated into four groups: control (received normal saline 8 ml/kg orally once daily), diabetic (received normal saline orally once daily), graviola (GR; received 100 mg/kg/day; orally once daily), and diabetic with graviola (Diabetic+GR; received 100 mg/kg/day; once daily). Behavioural functions were assessed using standard behavioural paradigms. Also, oxidative statuses of testis were evaluated. Results of behavioural observations showed that diabetes induced depression-like behaviours, reduction of exploratory and locomotor activities, decreased memory performance, and increased stress-linked behaviours. These variations in diabetic rats were happened due to oxidative stress. Interestingly, treatment of diabetic rats with graviola for four weeks alleviated all behavioural changes due to diabetes. Also, rats in graviola-treated groups had greater testicular testosterone and estradiol levels compared with diabetic rats due to significant rise in testicular acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 expression. In the same context, graviola enhanced the antioxidant status of testicular tissues by significantly restoring the testicular glutathione and total superoxide dismutase that fell during diabetes. In addition, Graviola significantly decreased the expression of apoptotic (Bax) and inflammatory (interleukin-1β) testicular genes. In conclusion, these data propose that both the hypoglycemic and antioxidative potential of graviola are possible mechanisms that improve behavioural alterations and protect testis in diabetic animals. Concomitantly, further clinical studies in human are required to validate the current study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-wahab A. Alsenosy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Kadry M. Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Safinaz A. Ibrahim
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mustafa S. Atta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital and Scientific Chair of Yousef Abdullatif Jameel of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Campos FG, Vieira MAR, Amaro ACE, delaCruz-Chacón I, Marques MOM, Ferreira G, Boaro CSF. Nitrogen in the defense system of Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217930. [PMID: 31170236 PMCID: PMC6553785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of nitrogen can generate different strategies in plants in response to stress. In this study, we investigated how nitrogen concentration interferes with the defense system of Annona emarginata. Low concentrations of nitrogen increased the allocation of photosynthetic resources to carbon metabolism, resulting in an increase in the synthesis of volatile substances involved in signaling and defense that contributed to antioxidant enzymes in overcoming stress. The availability of nitrogen at 5.62 mM concentration might have helped to induce increased resistance in the plants because at this concentration, signaling substances and defense substances (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) were observed. Plants cultivated with the highest nitrate concentration displaced energy for the reduction of this ion, likely forming nitric oxide, a signaling molecule. This condition, together with the decrease in carbon skeletons, may have contributed to the lower synthesis of volatile substances of the specialized metabolism that are also involved with signaling. Varying the nitrogen in Annona emarginata cultivation revealed that depending on the concentration, volatile substances show higher or lower synthesis and participation in the system of signaling and defense in the plant. These results may suggest that volatile substances participate in resistance to pests and diseases, which is a necessary condition for Annona emarginata to be preferentially used as rootstock for Annona x atemoya.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Girotto Campos
- Instituto de Biociências, UNESP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Departamento de Botânica, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Ribeiro Vieira
- Instituto de Biociências, UNESP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Departamento de Botânica, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Esteves Amaro
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Departamento de Horticultura, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iván delaCruz-Chacón
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Química Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas (UNICACH), Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Marcia Ortiz Mayo Marques
- Centro de Pesquisa de Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisela Ferreira
- Instituto de Biociências, UNESP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Departamento de Botânica, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro
- Instituto de Biociências, UNESP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Botucatu, Departamento de Botânica, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen J, Duan Y, Hu Y, Li W, Sun D, Hu H, Xie J. Transcriptome analysis of atemoya pericarp elucidates the role of polysaccharide metabolism in fruit ripening and cracking after harvest. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:219. [PMID: 31132986 PMCID: PMC6537181 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mature fruit cracking during the normal season in African Pride (AP) atemoya is a major problem in postharvest storage. Our current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying fruit cracking is limited. The aim of this study was to unravel the role starch degradation and cell wall polysaccharide metabolism in fruit ripening and cracking after harvest through transcriptome analysis. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis of AP atemoya pericarp from cracking fruits of ethylene treatments and controls was performed. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway was significantly enriched, and approximately 39 DEGs could be functionally annotated, which included starch, cellulose, pectin, and other sugar metabolism-related genes. Starch, protopectin, and soluble pectin contents among the different cracking stages after ethylene treatment and the controls were monitored. The results revealed that ethylene accelerated starch degradation, inhibited protopectin synthesis, and enhanced the soluble pectin content, compared to the control, which coincides with the phenotype of ethylene-induced fruit cracking. Key genes implicated in the starch, pectin, and cellulose degradation were further investigated using RT-qPCR analysis. The results revealed that alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1), alpha-amylase 3 (AMY3), beta-amylase 1 (BAM1), beta-amylase 3 (BAM3), beta-amylase 9 (BAM9), pullulanase (PUL), and glycogen debranching enzyme (glgX), were the major genes involved in starch degradation. AMY1, BAM3, BAM9, PUL, and glgX all were upregulated and had higher expression levels with ethylene treatment compared to the controls, suggesting that ethylene treatment may be responsible for accelerating starch degradation. The expression profile of alpha-1,4-galacturonosyltransferase (GAUT) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) coincided with protopectin content changes and could involve protopectin synthesis. Pectinesterase (PE), polygalacturonase (PG), and pectate lyase (PEL) all involved in pectin degradation; PE was significantly upregulated by ethylene and was the key enzyme implicated pectin degradation. CONCLUSION Both KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs and material content analysis confirmed that starch decomposition into soluble sugars and cell wall polysaccharides metabolism are closely related to the ripening and cracking of AP atemoya. A link between gene up- or downregulation during different cracking stages of atemoya fruits and how their expression affects starch and pectin contents were established by RT-qPCR analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
- National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit (Zhanjiang), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
| | - Yajie Duan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
- National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit (Zhanjiang), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
| | - Yulin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
- National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit (Zhanjiang), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
| | - Weiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
- National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit (Zhanjiang), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
| | - Dequan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
- National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit (Zhanjiang), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
| | - Huigang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
- National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit (Zhanjiang), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
- National Field Genebank for Tropical Fruit (Zhanjiang), South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hernández-Fuentes GA, García-Argáez AN, Peraza Campos AL, Delgado-Enciso I, Muñiz-Valencia R, Martínez-Martínez FJ, Toninello A, Gómez-Sandoval Z, Mojica-Sánchez JP, Dalla Via L, Parra-Delgado H. Cytotoxic Acetogenins from the Roots of Annona purpurea. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1870. [PMID: 31014011 PMCID: PMC6515252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Annona purpurea, known in Mexico as "cabeza de negro" or "ilama", belongs to the Annonaceae family. Its roots are employed in folk medicine in several regions of Mexico. Taking that information into account, a chemical and biological analysis of the components present in the roots of this species was proposed. Our results demonstrated that the dichloromethane (DCM) extract was exclusively constituted by a mixture of five new acetogenins named annopurpuricins A-E (1-5). These compounds have an aliphatic chain of 37 carbons with a terminal α,β unsaturated γ-lactone. Compounds 1 and 2 belong to the adjacent bis-THF (tetrahydrofuran) α-monohydroxylated type, while compounds 3 and 4 belong to the adjacent bis-THF α,α'-dihydroxylated type; only compound 5 possesses a bis-epoxide system. Complete structure analysis was carried out by spectroscopy and chemical methods. All compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on three human tumor cell lines (MSTO-211H, HeLa and HepG2). Compounds 1-4 inhibited significantly the growth of HeLa and HepG2 cells, showing GI50 values in the low/subnanomolar range, while 5 was completely ineffective under the tested conditions. The investigation of the mechanism of action responsible for cytotoxicity revealed for the most interesting compound 1 the ability to block the complex I activity on isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aída Nelly García-Argáez
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Fondazione per la Biologia e la Medicina della Rigenerazione T.E.S.-Tissue Engineering and Signalling Onlus, Via F. Marzolo, 13, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Ana Lilia Peraza Campos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, 28400 Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico.
| | - Iván Delgado-Enciso
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Las Víboras, 28040 Colima, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Muñiz-Valencia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, 28400 Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico.
| | | | - Antonio Toninello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Zeferino Gómez-Sandoval
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, 28400 Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico.
| | - Juan Pablo Mojica-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, 28400 Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico.
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Hortensia Parra-Delgado
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, 28400 Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Olmedo P, Moreno AA, Sanhueza D, Balic I, Silva-Sanzana C, Zepeda B, Verdonk JC, Arriagada C, Meneses C, Campos-Vargas R. A catechol oxidase AcPPO from cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) is localized to the Golgi apparatus. Plant Sci 2018; 266:46-54. [PMID: 29241566 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cherimoya (Annona cherimola) is an exotic fruit with attractive organoleptic characteristics. However, it is highly perishable and susceptible to postharvest browning. In fresh fruit, browning is primarily caused by the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of o-diphenols to quinones, which polymerize to form brown melanin pigment. There is no consensus in the literature regarding a specific role of PPO, and its subcellular localization in different plant species is mainly described within plastids. The present work determined the subcellular localization of a PPO protein from cherimoya (AcPPO). The obtained results revealed that the AcPPO- green fluorescent protein co-localized with a Golgi apparatus marker, and AcPPO activity was present in Golgi apparatus-enriched fractions. Likewise, transient expression assays revealed that AcPPO remained active in Golgi apparatus-enriched fractions obtained from tobacco leaves. These results suggest a putative function of AcPPO in the Golgi apparatus of cherimoya, providing new perspectives on PPO functionality in the secretory pathway, its effects on cherimoya physiology, and the evolution of this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Olmedo
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Adrián A Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Dayan Sanhueza
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Iván Balic
- Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Universidad de Los Lagos, Fuchslocher 1305, Osorno, Chile.
| | - Christian Silva-Sanzana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Baltasar Zepeda
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Julian C Verdonk
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - César Arriagada
- Laboratorio Biorremediación, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar1145, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Reinaldo Campos-Vargas
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brechú-Franco AE, Laguna-Hernández G, De la Cruz-Chacón I, González-Esquinca AR. In situ histochemical localisation of alkaloids and acetogenins in the endosperm and embryonic axis of Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm. seeds during germination. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2568. [PMID: 26972713 PMCID: PMC4800249 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the Annonaceae family is characterised by the production of acetogenins (ACGs), and also by the biosynthesis of alkaloids, primarily benzylisoquinolines derived from tyrosine. The objective of this study was to confirm the presence of alkaloids and acetogenins in the idioblasts of the endosperm and the embryonic axis of A. macroprophyllata seeds in germination. The Dragendorff, Dittmar, Ellram, and Lugol reagents were used to test for alkaloids, and Kedde's reagent was used to determine the presence of acetogenins in fresh sections of the endosperm and embryonic axis of seeds after twelve days of germination. A positive reaction was observed for all the reagents, and the presence of alkaloids and acetogenins was confirmed in the idioblasts of the endosperm and those involved in the differentiation of the embryonic axis of the developing seedling. We concluded that the idioblasts store both metabolites, acetogenins and alkaloids. Beginning at differentiation, the idioblasts of the embryonic axis simultaneously biosynthesise acetogenins and alkaloids that are characteristic of the species during the development of the seedling. The method used here can be applied to histochemically confirm the presence of acetogenins and alkaloids in tissues and structures of the plant in different stages of its life cycle.
Collapse
|
16
|
Moghadamtousi SZ, Fadaeinasab M, Nikzad S, Mohan G, Ali HM, Kadir HA. Annona muricata (Annonaceae): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Isolated Acetogenins and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15625-58. [PMID: 26184167 PMCID: PMC4519917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Annona muricata is a member of the Annonaceae family and is a fruit tree with a long history of traditional use. A. muricata, also known as soursop, graviola and guanabana, is an evergreen plant that is mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The fruits of A. muricata are extensively used to prepare syrups, candies, beverages, ice creams and shakes. A wide array of ethnomedicinal activities is contributed to different parts of A. muricata, and indigenous communities in Africa and South America extensively use this plant in their folk medicine. Numerous investigations have substantiated these activities, including anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-arthritic, antiparasitic, antimalarial, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic activities. Phytochemical studies reveal that annonaceous acetogenins are the major constituents of A. muricata. More than 100 annonaceous acetogenins have been isolated from leaves, barks, seeds, roots and fruits of A. muricata. In view of the immense studies on A. muricata, this review strives to unite available information regarding its phytochemistry, traditional uses and biological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mehran Fadaeinasab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sonia Nikzad
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Gokula Mohan
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hapipah Mohd Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zorofchian Moghadamtousi S, Rouhollahi E, Karimian H, Fadaeinasab M, Firoozinia M, Ameen Abdulla M, Abdul Kadir H. The chemopotential effect of Annona muricata leaves against azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats and the apoptotic effect of Acetogenin Annomuricin E in HT-29 cells: a bioassay-guided approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122288. [PMID: 25860620 PMCID: PMC4393181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Annona muricata has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer and tumors. This study evaluated the chemopreventive properties of an ethyl acetate extract of A. muricata leaves (EEAML) on azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. Moreover, the cytotoxic compound of EEAML (Annomuricin E) was isolated, and its apoptosis-inducing effect was investigated against HT-29 colon cancer cell line using a bioassay-guided approach. This experiment was performed on five groups of rats: negative control, cancer control, EEAML (250 mg/kg), EEAML (500 mg/kg) and positive control (5-fluorouracil). Methylene blue staining of colorectal specimens showed that application of EEAML at both doses significantly reduced the colonic ACF formation compared with the cancer control group. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed the down-regulation of PCNA and Bcl-2 proteins and the up-regulation of Bax protein after administration of EEAML compared with the cancer control group. In addition, an increase in the levels of enzymatic antioxidants and a decrease in the malondialdehyde level of the colon tissue homogenates were observed, suggesting the suppression of lipid peroxidation. Annomuricin E inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells with an IC50 value of 1.62 ± 0.24 μg/ml after 48 h. The cytotoxic effect of annomuricin E was further substantiated by G1 cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis induction in HT-29 cells. Annomuricin E triggered mitochondria-initiated events, including the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the leakage of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Prior to these events, annomuricin E activated caspase 3/7 and caspase 9. Upstream, annomuricin E induced a time-dependent upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 at the mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, these findings substantiate the usage of A. muricata leaves in ethnomedicine against cancer and highlight annomuricin E as one of the contributing compounds in the anticancer activity of A. muricata leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elham Rouhollahi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mehran Fadaeinasab
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Firoozinia
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Baker S, Mohan Kumar K, Santosh P, Rakshith D, Satish S. Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles by novel Pseudomonas veronii AS41G inhabiting Annona squamosa L. and their bactericidal activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 136 Pt C:1434-1440. [PMID: 25459703 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In present investigation extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles were synthesized using cell free supernatant of Pseudomonas veronii AS41G isolated from Annona squamosa L. The bacterium significantly reduced silver nitrate to generate silver nanoparticles which was characterized with hyphenated techniques. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles preliminary confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry with the intense peak at 410nm, Further FTIR analysis revealed the possible role of biomolecules in the supernatant responsible for mediating the nanoparticles formation. The XRD spectra exhibited the characteristic Bragg peaks of 100, 111, 200, and 220 facets of the face centred cubic symmetry of nanoparticles suggesting that these nanoparticles were crystalline in nature. TEM microgram showed polydispersity of nanoparticles with size ranging from 5 to 50nm. Synthesized silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against human and environmental pathogens including MRSA. The study enlightens the role of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles as an emerging alternative for drug resistant microorganisms. The obtained results are promising enough to pave the environmentally benign nanoparticle synthesis processes without use of any toxic chemicals and also envision the emerging role of endophytes towards synthesis of nanoparticles. With scanty reports available on P.veronii species, a new role has been reported in this study which will be very valuable for future researchers working on it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Baker
- Herbal Drug Technological Laboratory, Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, India
| | - K Mohan Kumar
- Trace Elements Speciation Research Laboratory, Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - P Santosh
- Coffee Board Biotechnological Research, Mysore, India
| | - D Rakshith
- Herbal Drug Technological Laboratory, Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, India
| | - S Satish
- Herbal Drug Technological Laboratory, Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Permanent tetrads are the most common form of pollen aggregation in flowering plants. The production of pollen in monads is plesiomorphic in angiosperms, but the aggregation into tetrads has arisen independently different times during the evolution of flowering plants. The causes behind the recurrent evolution of pollen aggregation from monads remain elusive. Permanent tetrad pollen is quite common in the Annonaceae, the largest family in the early-divergent order Magnoliales. In some genera, such as Annona, both tetrad- and monad-producing species can be found.• METHODS In this comparative study of pollen development, we use immunolocalization, cytological characterization, and enzymatic assays of four species in the genus Annona and one species in its closely related genus Asimina that release pollen in tetrads and two species in the genus Annona that release pollen in monads.• KEY RESULTS The main difference between species with tetrad and monad pollen is a delayed digestion of callose and cellulose at the pollen aperture sites that resulted in nonlayering of the exine in these areas, followed by a rotation and binding of the young microspores at the aperture sites.• CONCLUSIONS Small changes in development resulted in clear morphological changes on pollen dispersal time and open a window on the possible selective advantage of the production of aggregated pollen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lora
- Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental 'Aula Dei', CSIC, Apdo. 13034 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Herrero
- Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental 'Aula Dei', CSIC, Apdo. 13034 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose I Hormaza
- Department of Subtropical Fruits, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jardine KJ, Meyers K, Abrell L, Alves EG, Yanez Serrano AM, Kesselmeier J, Karl T, Guenther A, Chambers JQ, Vickers C. Emissions of putative isoprene oxidation products from mango branches under abiotic stress. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:3697-708. [PMID: 23881400 PMCID: PMC3745727 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although several per cent of net carbon assimilation can be re-released as isoprene emissions to the atmosphere by many tropical plants, much uncertainty remains regarding its biological significance. In a previous study, we detected emissions of isoprene and its oxidation products methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) from tropical plants under high temperature/light stress, suggesting that isoprene is oxidized not only in the atmosphere but also within plants. However, a comprehensive analysis of the suite of isoprene oxidation products in plants has not been performed and production relationships with environmental stress have not been described. In this study, putative isoprene oxidation products from mango (Mangifera indica) branches under abiotic stress were first identified. High temperature/light and freeze-thaw treatments verified direct emissions of the isoprene oxidation products MVK and MACR together with the first observations of 3-methyl furan (3-MF) and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) as putative novel isoprene oxidation products. Mechanical wounding also stimulated emissions of MVK and MACR. Photosynthesis under (13)CO2 resulted in rapid (<30 min) labelling of up to five carbon atoms of isoprene, with a similar labelling pattern observed in the putative oxidation products. These observations highlight the need to investigate further the mechanisms of isoprene oxidation within plants under stress and its biological and atmospheric significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kolby J Jardine
- Climate Science Department, Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Building 64, Room 241, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Goñi O, Sanchez-Ballesta MT, Merodio C, Escribano MI. Regulation of defense and cryoprotective proteins by high levels of CO(2) in Annona fruit stored at chilling temperature. J Plant Physiol 2009; 166:246-258. [PMID: 18538447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on how the length of exposure to chilling temperature and atmosphere storage conditions regulate the hydrolytic activity and expression of chitinase (PR-Q) and 1,3-beta-glucanase (PR-2) isoenzymes in cherimoyas (Annona cherimola Mill.). Storage at 6 degrees C modified the expression of constitutive isoenzymes and induced the appearance of novel acidic chitinases, AChi26 and AChi24, at the onset of the storage period, and of a basic chitinase, BChi33, after prolonged storage. The induction of this basic isoenzyme was concomitant with the accumulation of basic constitutive 1,3-beta-glucanases. These low-temperature-induced chitinases modified the growth inhibition in vitro of Botrytis cinerea. Short-term high CO(2) treatment activated a coordinated response of acidic chitinases and 1,3-beta-glucanases after prolonged storage at chilling temperature. Moreover, the high in vitro cryoprotective activity of CO(2)-treated protein extracts was associated with the induction of two low molecular mass isoenzymes, AGlu19 and BChi14. Thus, exposure to high concentrations of CO(2) modified the response of fruit to low temperature, inducing the synthesis of cryoprotectant proteins such as specific pathogenesis-related isoenzymes that could be functionally associated with an increase in chilling tolerance in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Goñi
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Productos Vegetales, Instituto del Frío, IF-CSIC, José Antonio Novais, 10, Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kaleem M, Medha P, Ahmed QU, Asif M, Bano B. Beneficial effects of Annona squamosa extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:800-804. [PMID: 18946614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study investigated the possible therapeutic effects of Annona squamosa (A. squamosa) extract on certain biochemical markers in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. METHODS The effects of an aqueous extract of A. squamosa leaves on blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, urea, uric acid and creatinine and the activities of diagnostic marker enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were examined in the plasma, liver and kidney tissues of control and experimental groups. RESULTS Oral administration of A. squamosa (300 mg/kg) aqueous extract to diabetic rats for 30 days significantly reduced blood glucose, urea, uric acid and creatinine, but increased the activities of insulin, C-peptide, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and restored all marker enzymes to near control levels. CONCLUSION The present results shown that A. squamosa extract has an antihyperglycaemic effect and consequently may alleviate liver and renal damage associated with STZ-induced diabetes mellitus in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kaleem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Duval RA, Lewin G, Peris E, Chahboune N, Garofano A, Dröse S, Cortes D, Brandt U, Hocquemiller R. Heterocyclic analogues of squamocin as inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I. On the role of the terminal lactone of annonaceous acetogenins. Biochemistry 2006; 45:2721-8. [PMID: 16489765 DOI: 10.1021/bi051261u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic analogues of squamocin have been semisynthesized by condensation reactions between squamocin-derived alpha-keto esters and heterodinucleophiles. The strong complex I inhibitory potency of squamocin-benzimidazole, a hybrid derivative, illustrates for the first time the functional analogy existing between the terminal butenolide of annonaceous acetogenins and heteroaromatic substructures of classic inhibitors of the enzyme. This finding supports the categorization of this atypical group of inhibitors as antagonists of the ubiquinone substrates. In addition, competition experiments of squamocin-benzimidazole versus squamocin and rolliniastatin-2 suggest that the binding of this hybrid inhibitor is responsible for a negative allosteric effect at the level of the first ubiquinone-binding site (A site) of mitochondrial complex I. This result supports the existence of a large cooperatively regulated inhibitor/ubiquinone-binding pocket located within the catalytic core of the enzyme, consisting of the association of the previously defined affinity sites A and B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain A Duval
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie (BioCIS, UMR 8076 CNRS), Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pardhasaradhi BVV, Reddy M, Ali AM, Kumari AL, Khar A. Antitumour activity of Annona squamosa seed extracts is through the generation of free radicals and induction of apoptosis. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2004; 41:167-172. [PMID: 22900348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The plant, Annona squamosa traditionally known as custard apple possesses potent bioactive principles in all its parts. The effect of aqueous and organic extracts from defatted seeds of A. squamosa was studied on a rat histiocytic tumour cell line, AK-5. Both the extracts caused significant apoptotic tumour cell death with enhanced caspase-3 activity, down regulation of antiapoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bcl(XL), and enhanced the generation of intracellular ROS, which correlated well with the decreased levels of intracellular GSH. In addition, DNA fragmentation and annexin-V staining confirmed that the extracts induced apoptosis in tumour cells through the oxidative stress. Aqueous extracts of A. squamosa seeds possessed significant antitumor activity in vivo against AK-5 tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B V V Pardhasaradhi
- Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maldonado R, Sanchez-Ballesta MT, Alique R, Escribano MI, Merodio C. Malate metabolism and adaptation to chilling temperature storage by pretreatment with high CO2 levels in Annona cherimola fruit. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52:4758-4763. [PMID: 15264911 DOI: 10.1021/jf0353842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study we focused on the effect of a pretreatment with high (20%) CO2 levels on malic acid metabolism in cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill) fruit stored at chilling temperature. We analyzed the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and the NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), involved in the carboxylation/decarboxylation of malate. Our results show that CO2 treatment, which improves tolerance to prolonged storage at chilling temperature, was closely linked to considerably greater NADP-ME activity. These results, combined with lower PEPC activity, may explain the significantly lower amount of malic acid and titratable acidity quantified in CO2-treated fruit. Moreover, the high cytoplasmic MDH enzyme activity and the strong stimulation of NADP-ME activity exhibited by CO2-treated fruit could be contributing factors in the maintenance of fruit energy metabolism, pH stability, and the promotion of synthesis of defense compounds that prevent or repair damage caused by chilling temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Maldonado
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Productos Vegetales, Instituto del Frío, IF-CSIC, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Coelho MB, Freire MDGM, Toyama MH, Marangoni S, Novello JC, Macedo MLR. Purification and characterization of a lectin from Annona coriacea seeds. Protein Pept Lett 2003; 10:165-73. [PMID: 12678814 DOI: 10.2174/0929866033479103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel lectin, denominated ACLEC, was isolated from Annona coriacea seeds, belonging to the Annonaceae family. The lectin presented one protein band in SDS-PAGE of 14 kDa. Of the sugars tested, Dglucose and D-mannose were the best inhibitors. A search sequence database showed that ACLEC had homology with other plant lectins, belonging to leguminous lectin family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirela B Coelho
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|