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Yepes-Molina L, Carvajal M. Nanoencapsulation of sulforaphane in broccoli membrane vesicles and their in vitro antiproliferative activity. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:1490-1504. [PMID: 34714214 PMCID: PMC8567929 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1992450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The development of nanocarriers of plant origin, such as plant cell membranes, has recently been investigated. Also, plant bioactive compounds as sulforaphane (SFN) from broccoli have recognized antioxidant or anticancer properties. OBJECTIVE To investigate the capacity of membrane vesicles from broccoli (BM-vesicles) to encapsulate SFN and their application in the cancer cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical analysis was carried out to characterize BM-vesicles through different approaches: dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, stopped-flow analysis, and proteomic analysis. They were applied at different concentrations (BM-vesicles at 0.04-0.00315% of protein and SFN at 5, 25, and 100 µM) in SK-MEL-28 cells during 24 h for studying cytotoxicity and gene expression. RESULTS The entrapment efficiency was 41%. The anticancer activity tested in cells showed a decrease in proliferation when SFN in BM-vesicles was utilized. Expression patterns when SFN was applied in an encapsulated form showed a reduction of cancer markers and an increase of AQP3. Also, the metabolism of SFN occurred inside of cells, and higher SFN penetrated when it was encapsulated. DISCUSSION The results showed that encapsulated SFN was better absorbed by melanoma cells providing metabolism products and a reduction of cancer molecular markers. Also aquaporin, AQP3 was pointed to as an important marker since it appeared to play a key role in homeostasis due to the importance of water transport in biological processes. CONCLUSION These results indicate that SFN and SFN encapsulated in BM-vesicles have a high activity for the inhibition of melanocyte development. Therefore, BM-vesicles could serve as nanocarriers for drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Yepes-Molina
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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Wang J, Hu Y, Yuan J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang Y, Alahmadi TA, Ali Alharbi S, Zhuang Z, Wu F. Chemomodulatory effect of neferine on DMBA-induced squamous cell carcinogenesis: Biochemical and molecular approach. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:460-471. [PMID: 33156559 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neferine (NEF) is nontoxic, bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid is derived from the seed embryo of lotus, a familiar medicinal plant. Although several mechanisms have been planned, an evident antitumor action pathway of NEF on the oral tumor is still not known. In the current study, we aimed at investigating the protecting effect of NEF against experimental oral carcinoma and clarify its possible mechanism through the induction of apoptosis, proliferation, and inflammatory signaling pathways. METHODS The experimental hamsters were divided into four groups (I-IV) containing six hamsters each. The group I was control group, group II and III hamsters treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) (0.5%) alone, thrice in a week for 10 weeks, and group III and IV hamsters received oral supplementation of NEF at a concentration of 15 mg/kg bw. All the hamsters were sacrificed after 16 weeks. RESULTS Our results revealed that DMBA treated hamsters exhibited 100% oral tumor cell formation with high-tumor incidence (TI), tumor number (TN), tumor volume (TV), decreased levels of antioxidants, increased status of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and modulated the activities of liver marker agents as well as NF-kB, cell proliferation (PCNA), and p53 proteins. NEF supplementation in DMBA treated hamsters, resulted in delayed lesion synthesis, and brought back the levels of the biochemical parameters. In addition, immunostaining of NF-kB, PCNA, and p53 showed that they were inhibited by NEF. CONCLUSION Thus, NEF might be considered a better chemopreventive drug in an experimental model of home-based primary care (HBPC). More research is necessary to study other pathways implicated in oral carcinomas and their modulation by NEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- The Second Department of Stomatology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Jieying Yuan
- The Second Department of Stomatology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Second Department of Stomatology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Yingshun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, [Medical City], King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhizheng Zhuang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei, China
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Lee PS, Chiou YS, Chou PY, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT, Pan MH. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene Inhibits 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate (TPA)-Induced Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis. Phytomedicine 2021; 81:153432. [PMID: 33310310 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A natural pterostilbene analogue isolated from the herb Sphaerophysa salsula, 3'-hydroxypterostilbene (HPSB), exhibits antiproliferative activity in several cancer cell lines; however, the inhibitory effects of HPSB on skin carcinogenesis remains unclear. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of HPSB on two-stage skin carcinogenesis in mice and its potential mechanism. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of HPSB in the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated acute skin inflammation and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/TPA-induced two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. In addition, the effects of HPSB on the modulation of the phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes in the DMBA-induced HaCaT cell model were investigated. RESULTS The results provide evidence that topical treatment with HPSB significantly inhibits TPA-induced epidermal hyperplasia and leukocyte infiltration through the down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9), and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) protein expression in mouse skin. Furthermore, HPSB suppresses DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumor incidence and multiplicity via the inhibition of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) expression in the two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. In addition, pretreatment with HPSB markedly reduces DMBA-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) gene expression in human keratinocytes; however, HPSB does not significantly affect the gene expression of the phase II enzymes. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that topical treatment with HPSB prevents mouse skin tumorigenesis. Overall, our study suggests that natural HPSB may serve as a novel chemopreventive agent capable of preventing carcinogen activation and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pin-Yu Chou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Menon S, Shanmugam VK. Chemopreventive mechanism of action by oxidative stress and toxicity induced surface decorated selenium nanoparticles. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126549. [PMID: 32731109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scientists are working on creating novel materials that can help in the treatment of diverse cancer-related diseases having trademark highlights like the target siting, specificity, improved therapeutic index of radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic treatments. The utilization of novel nanomaterials which are surface adorned with drugs or natural compounds can be used in diverse medical applications and helps in setting up a new platform for its improvement in the chemotherapeutic potentiality. One such nanomaterial is the trace element selenium in its nanoparticulate form that has been proved to be a potential chemotherapeutic agent recently. METHODS The English language papers were gathered from electronic databases like Sciencedirect, Pub Med, Google Scholar and Scopus, the papers are published from 2001 to 2019. RESULTS In the initial phase, approximately 200 papers were searched upon, out of which 118 articles were included after screening and critical reviewing. The information included was also tabulated for better knowledge and easy read. These articles contain information on the nanotechnology, inflammation, cancer and selenium as nanoparticles. CONCLUSION The overview of the paper explains the enhancement of potentiality of anticancer drugs or phytochemicals which restricts its utilization in chemotherapeutic applications by the encapsulation or adsorption of them on selenium nanoparticles proven to accelerate the anticancerous properties with better results when compared with individual components. SeNPs (selenium nanoparticles) have demonstrated chemotherapeutic activity due to pro-oxidant property, where the anti-oxidant enzymes are stimulated to produce reactive active species, which induces oxidative stress, followed by activation of the apoptotic signalling pathway, cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial dysfunction and other pathways that ultimately lead to cell death. Selenium in nanoparticulate form can be used as a micronutrient to human health, thereby having low toxicity, can easily be degraded and also has good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Menon
- School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Venkat Kumar Shanmugam
- School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
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Nieto K, Mallery SR, Schwendeman SP. Microencapsulation of amorphous solid dispersions of fenretinide enhances drug solubility and release from PLGA in vitro and in vivo. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119475. [PMID: 32525080 PMCID: PMC7522920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop solid dispersions of fenretinide(4HPR), incorporate them into poly(lactic-co-glycolic)(PLGA) millicylindrical implants, and evaluate the resulting implants in vitro and in vivo for future applications in oral cancer chemoprevention. Due to the extreme hydrophobicity of 4HPR, 4HPR-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) amorphous solid dispersions(ASDs) were prepared for solubility enhancement. The optimal PVP-4HPR ratio of 9/1(w/w) provided a 50-fold solubility enhancement in aqueous media, which was sustained over 1 week. PVP-4HPR ASD particles were loaded into PLGA millicylinders and drug release was evaluated in vitro in PBST and in vivo by recovery from subcutaneous injection in rats. While initial formulations of PLGA PVP-4HPR millicylinders only released 10% 4HPR in vitro after 28 days, addition of the plasticizer triethyl-o-acetyl-citrate(TEAC) into PVP-4HPR ASDs resulted in a 5.6-fold total increase in drug release. Remarkably, the TEAC-PVP-4HPR PLGA implants demonstrated slow, continuous, and nearly complete release over 1 month in vivo compared to a 25% release for our previously reported formulation incorporating solubilizers and pore-forming agents. Hence, a combination of PLGA plasticizer and ASD formation provides an avenue for long-term controlled release in vivo for the exceptionally difficult drug to formulate, 4HPR, and a suitable formulation for future evaluation in rodent models of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Nieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Susan R Mallery
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Hu Q, Corral P, Narayanapillai SC, Leitzman P, Upadhyaya P, O’Sullivan MG, Hecht SS, Lu J, Xing C. Oral Dosing of Dihydromethysticin Ahead of Tobacco Carcinogen NNK Effectively Prevents Lung Tumorigenesis in A/J Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1980-1988. [PMID: 32476407 PMCID: PMC8178726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our early studies demonstrated an impressive chemopreventive efficacy of dihydromethysticin (DHM), unique in kava, against tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice in which DHM was supplemented in the diet. The current work was carried out to validate the efficacy, optimize the dosing schedule, and further elucidate the mechanisms using oral bolus dosing of DHM. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent chemopreventive efficacy of DHM (orally administered 1 h before each of the two NNK intraperitoneal injections, 1 week apart) against NNK-induced lung adenoma formation. Temporally, DHM at 0.8 mg per dose (∼32 mg per kg body weight) exhibited 100% lung adenoma inhibition when given 3 and 8 h before each NNK injection and attained >93% inhibition when dosed at either 1 or 16 h before each NNK injection. The simultaneous treatment (0 h) or 40 h pretreatment (-40 h) decreased lung adenoma burden by 49.8% and 52.1%, respectively. However, post-NNK administration of DHM (1-8 h after each NNK injection) was ineffective against lung tumor formation. In short-term experiments for mechanistic exploration, DHM treatment reduced the formation of NNK-induced O6-methylguanine (O6-mG, a carcinogenic DNA adduct in A/J mice) in the target lung tissue and increased the urinary excretion of NNK detoxification metabolites as judged by the ratio of urinary NNAL-O-gluc to free NNAL, generally in synchrony with the tumor prevention efficacy outcomes in the dose scheduling time-course experiment. Overall, these results suggest DHM as a potential chemopreventive agent against lung tumorigenesis in smokers, with O6-mG and NNAL detoxification as possible surrogate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Pedro Corral
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Sreekanth C. Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - M. Gerard O’Sullivan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Izzotti A, Balansky R, Micale RT, Pulliero A, La Maestra S, De Flora S. Modulation of smoke-induced DNA and microRNA alterations in mouse lung by licofelone, a triple COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitor. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:91-99. [PMID: 31562745 PMCID: PMC7456342 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the carcinogenesis process and, in particular, in smoking-related carcinogenesis. Therefore, anti-inflammatory agents provide an interesting perspective in the prevention of smoking-associated cancers. Among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), licofelone is a triple inhibitor of both cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and of 5-lipooxygenase (5-LOX) that has shown some encouraging results in cancer prevention models. We previously showed that the dietary administration of licofelone, starting after weanling, to Swiss H mice exposed for 4 months to mainstream cigarette smoke since birth attenuated preneoplastic lesions of inflammatory nature in both lung and urinary tract, and had some effects on the yield of lung tumors at 7.5 months of age. The present study aimed at evaluating the early modulation by licofelone of pulmonary DNA and RNA alterations either in smoke-free or smoke-exposed H mice after 10 weeks of exposure. Licofelone protected the mice from the smoke-induced loss of body weight and significantly attenuated smoke-induced nucleotide alterations by decreasing the levels of bulky DNA adducts and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in mouse lung. Moreover, the drug counteracted dysregulation by smoke of several pulmonary microRNAs involved in stress response, inflammation, apoptosis, and oncogene suppression. However, even in smoke-free mice administration of the drug had significant effects on a broad panel of microRNAs and, as assessed in a subset of mice used in a parallel cancer chemoprevention study, licofelone even enhanced the smoke-induced systemic genotoxic damage after 4 months of exposure. Therefore, caution should be paid when administering licofelone to smokers for long periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna T Micale
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvio De Flora
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Mohammed A, Miller MS, Lubet RA, Suen CS, Sei S, Shoemaker RH, Juliana MM, Moeinpour FL, Grubbs CJ. Combination of Erlotinib and Naproxen Employing Pulsatile or Intermittent Dosing Profoundly Inhibits Urinary Bladder Cancers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:273-282. [PMID: 31818850 PMCID: PMC7060101 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Daily dosing of either NSAIDs or EGFR inhibitors has been shown to prevent bladder cancer development in a N-butyl-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (OH-BBN)-induced rat model. However, these inhibitors cause gastrointestinal ulceration and acneiform rash, respectively, limiting their continuous use in a clinical prevention setting. We studied chemopreventive efficacy of pulsatile dosing of EGFR inhibitor erlotinib (42 mg/kg BW, once/week) combined with intermittent or continuous low doses of the NSAID naproxen (30 mg/kg BW/day, 3 weeks on/off or 128 ppm daily in diet) in the OH-BBN induced rat bladder cancer model. The interventions were started either at 1 or 4 weeks (early intervention) or 3 months (delayed intervention) after the last OH-BBN treatment, by which time the rats had developed microscopic bladder lesions. All combination regimens tested as early versus late intervention led to the reduction of the average bladder tumor weights (54%-82%; P < 0.01 to P < 0.0001), a decrease in tumor multiplicity (65%-85%; P < 0.01 to P < 0.0001), and a decrease in the number of rats with large palpable tumors (>200 mg; 83%-90%; P < 0.01 to P < 0.0001). Levels of signal transduction markers, Ki-67, cyclin D1, IL1β, pSTAT3, and pERK, were significantly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) reduced in the treated tumors, demonstrating their potential utility as predictive markers for efficacy. These findings demonstrate that significant chemopreventive efficacy could be achieved with alternative intervention regimens designed to reduce the toxicity of agents, and that starting erlotinib and/or naproxen treatments at the time microscopic tumors were present still conferred the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Mohammed
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mark Steven Miller
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ronald A Lubet
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Chen S Suen
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Robert H Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Margaret M Juliana
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Fariba L Moeinpour
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Clinton J Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Alhakamy NA, Fahmy UA, Ahmed OAA. Vitamin E TPGS based transferosomes augmented TAT as a promising delivery system for improved transdermal delivery of raloxifene. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226639. [PMID: 31881053 PMCID: PMC6934291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Raloxifene is commonly used for breast cancer protection. The low bioavailability of raloxifene (2%) is the result of its low solubility and intestinal glucuronidation. The nano-lipid carriers are characterized by small particle size, biocompatibility, and sustainable properties that improve cellular uptake of the loaded drug. The aim of this study was the improvement of raloxifene bioavailability by enhancing its solubility and cellular penetration through formulation of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate based transferosomes and augmenting their effect with the cationic cell-penetrating peptide transactivator of transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus. Particle size, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscope investigation of the formed nanocarriers were carried out. Ex vivo raloxifene permeation through rat skin and cell viability studies was investigated. The results of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate- transactivator of transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus transferosomes showed an average vesicle size of 96.05 nm with positively charged vesicles 39.4 mV of zeta potential value. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) enhancement of raloxifene permeation from raloxifene transferosomes- loaded film when compared with raw raloxifene film. IC50 results showed significant improvement of formulated raloxifene cytotoxicity by 1.42-fold in comparison with raw raloxifene against MCF-7 cell lines. The developed raloxifene-transferosomes are considered promising nano-lipid carriers for the enhancement delivery of raloxifene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Boldry EJ, Yuan JM, Carmella SG, Wang R, Tessier K, Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS, Tretyakova NY. Effects of 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate on Metabolism of 1,3-Butadiene in Smokers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 13:91-100. [PMID: 31771940 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
2-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural product found as a conjugate in cruciferous vegetables. It has been reported to have preventative properties against lung cancer and to inhibit metabolic activation of tobacco carcinogens. In this study, we evaluated the ability of PEITC to influence the metabolism of the human carcinogen 1,3-butadiene in current smokers in a phase II clinical trial with a crossover design. Urinary mercapturic acids of 1,3-butadiene were quantified at baseline and during PEITC treatment. Seventy-nine smokers were randomly assigned to one of two arms: PEITC followed by placebo or placebo followed by PEITC. During the 1-week treatment period, each subject took PEITC (10 mg in 1 mL of olive oil, 4 times per day). There was a 1-week washout period between the PEITC and placebo periods. Oral ingestion of PEITC increased urinary levels of BD-mercapturic acids (MHBMA and DHBMA) by 11.1% and 3.7%, respectively, but these increases were not statistically significant (P = 0.17 and 0.64, respectively). A much stronger effect was observed among subjects with the null genotype of both GSTM1 and GSTT1: in these individuals, PEITC increased urinary levels of MHBMA by 58.7% (P = 0.004) and 90.0% (P = 0.001), respectively, but did not have a significant effect on urinary DHBMA. These results reveal a potentially protective effect of PEITC treatment with respect to the detoxification of 1,3-butadiene in cigarette smokers, specifically in those null for GSTT1, and provide further evidence in support of stronger chemopreventive effects from consumption of dietary isothiocyanates in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Boldry
- University of Minnesota Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven G Carmella
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Renwei Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katelyn Tessier
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Stephen S Hecht
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- University of Minnesota Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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11
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Noh S, Choi E, Hwang CH, Jung JH, Kim SH, Kim B. Dietary Compounds for Targeting Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102401. [PMID: 31597327 PMCID: PMC6835786 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the burden of the disease is increased. Although several chemotherapies have been used, concerns about the side effects have been raised, and development of alternative therapy is inevitable. The purpose of this study is to prove the efficacy of dietary substances as a source of anti-tumor drugs by identifying their carcinostatic activities in specific pathological mechanisms. According to numerous studies, dietary substances were effective through following five mechanisms; apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastasis, microRNA (miRNA) regulation, and anti-multi-drug-resistance (MDR). About seventy dietary substances showed the anti-prostate cancer activities. Most of the substances induced the apoptosis, especially acting on the mechanism of caspase and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. These findings support that dietary compounds have potential to be used as anticancer agents as both food supplements and direct clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Noh
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Eunseok Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Cho-Hyun Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
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12
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Mohammed MM, Ramadan G, Zoheiry MK, El-Beih NM. Antihepatocarcinogenic activity of whey protein concentrate and lactoferrin in diethylnitrosamine-treated male albino mice. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:1025-1033. [PMID: 31087429 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is considered one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide. Chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents showed a low response rate with possible toxic effects. Recently, some emphases have been placed on the anticancer properties of bovine whey protein and its components, especially lactoferrin. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the antihepatocarcinogenic activity of bovine whey protein concentrate (WPC, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) and lactoferrin (30 and 60 mg/kg body weight), orally and daily for 14 weeks, in the mice model of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The results showed that both WPC and lactoferrin (in a dose-dependent manner) alleviated significantly (P < .001) the elevation in serum markers of liver carcinoma and inflammation in the DEN-treated mice. Also, they exhibited a great amelioration in the livers' histological structure of the DEN-treated mice by 37.0% to 66.7%. In addition, they decreased significantly (P < .001) the hepatic DNA fragmentation in the DEN-treated mice by 23.1% to 32.7%. Only, the high doses of WPC and lactoferrin completely modulated the decrease in the activity of liver enzymic antioxidant defense system (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) and improved significantly (P < .01-.001) the concentration of hepatic reduced glutathione of the DEN-treated mice. Moreover, the high doses of WPC and lactoferrin reduced significantly (P < .05-.001) the elevation in the concentrations of hepatic active caspases 3, 8, and 9 of the DEN-treated mice. In conclusion, both WPC and lactoferrin were effective in inhibiting the hepatocarcinogenic activity of DEN in mice model through their ability to alleviate the hepatic inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Mohammed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Ramadan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona K Zoheiry
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia M El-Beih
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Xie M, Liu J, Tsao R, Wang Z, Sun B, Wang J. Whole Grain Consumption for the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1769. [PMID: 31374888 PMCID: PMC6723813 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common and malignant cancers among females worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have indicated the inverse correlation between the intake of whole grains and the incidence of breast cancer. Whole grains are the most fundamental and important food source of bioactive phytochemicals, which have well-defined roles in the management of each stage of breast carcinogenesis. To better understand the value of whole grains in future prevention and treatment of breast cancer, the effects and possible mechanisms of six different whole grain cereals, which are the most commonly consumed throughout the world, are introduced in the current review. Moreover, the bioactive compounds extracted from whole grains are adequately formulated and the underlying mechanism of action is illustrated. In addition, the present limitations and future perspective of whole grain consumption for breast cancer are also concluded. The objective of this review is to promote the development of nutraceutical and functional food from whole grains and its application for reducing the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology; School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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14
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Abstract
Many chemotherapeutic drugs have been used for the treatment of cancer, for instance, doxorubicin, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and paclitaxel. However, the effectiveness of chemotherapy is limited in cancer therapy due to drug resistance, therapeutic selectivity, and undesirable side effects. The combination of therapies with natural compounds is likely to increase the effectiveness of drug treatment as well as reduce the adverse outcomes. Curcumin, a polyphenolic isolated from Curcuma longa, belongs to the rhizome of Zingiberaceae plants. Studies from in vitro and in vivo revealed that curcumin exerts many pharmacological activities with less toxic effects. The biological mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of co-treatment curcumin and chemotherapy are complex and worth to discuss further. Therefore, this review aimed to address the molecular mechanisms of combined curcumin and chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer. The anticancer activity of combined nanoformulation of curcumin and chemotherapy was also discussed in this study. Taken together, a better understanding of the implication and underlying mechanisms of action of combined curcumin and chemotherapy may provide a useful approach to combat cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ling Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Esa Norhaizan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Research Centre of Excellent, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases (NNCD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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15
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Desai P, Thakkar A, Ann D, Wang J, Prabhu S. Loratadine self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) in combination with sulforaphane for the synergistic chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:641-651. [PMID: 30706304 PMCID: PMC6827432 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), currently the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA, is projected to become the second leading cause, behind lung cancer, by 2020. The increasing incidence, low survival rate, and limited treatment opportunities necessitate the use of alternative approaches such as chemoprevention, to tackle PC. In this study, we report significant synergistic chemoprevention efficacy for the first time from a low-dose combination of a classical antihistaminic drug, Loratadine (LOR) and a neutraceutical compound, Sulforaphane (SFN) using a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulation. The formulation was developed using Quality by Design approach (globule size, 95.13 ± 7.9 nm; PDI, 0.17 ± 0.04) and revealed significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in the in vitro dissolution profile confirming the enhanced solubility of BCS class II drug LOR with SMEDDS formulation. The LOR-SFN combination revealed ~ 40-fold reduction in IC50 concentration compared to LOR alone in MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1 cell lines respectively, confirming the synergistic enhancement in chemoprevention. Further, the nanoformulation resulted in ~ 7-fold and ~ 11-fold reduction in IC50 values compared to LOR-SFN combination. Hence, our studies successfully demonstrate that a unique low-dose combination of LOR encapsulated within SMEDDs with SFN shows significantly enhanced chemopreventive efficacy of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preshita Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Arvind Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New England, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - David Ann
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Sunil Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA.
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16
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Zhang Q, Lee SB, Chen X, Stevenson ME, Pan J, Xiong D, Zhou Y, Miller MS, Lubet RA, Wang Y, Mirza SP, You M. Optimized Bexarotene Aerosol Formulation Inhibits Major Subtypes of Lung Cancer in Mice. Nano Lett 2019; 19:2231-2242. [PMID: 30873838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bexarotene has shown inhibition of lung and mammary gland tumorigenesis in preclinical models and in clinical trials. The main side effects of orally administered bexarotene are hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. We previously demonstrated that aerosolized bexarotene administered by nasal inhalation has potent chemopreventive activity in a lung adenoma preclinical model without causing hypertriglyceridemia. To facilitate its future clinical translation, we modified the formula of the aerosolized bexarotene with a clinically relevant solvent system. This optimized aerosolized bexarotene formulation was tested against lung squamous cell carcinoma mouse model and lung adenocarcinoma mouse model and showed significant chemopreventive effect. This new formula did not cause visible signs of toxicity and did not increase plasma triglycerides or cholesterol. This aerosolized bexarotene was evenly distributed to the mouse lung parenchyma, and it modulated the microenvironment in vivo by increasing the tumor-infiltrating T cell population. RNA sequencing of the lung cancer cell lines demonstrated that multiple pathways are altered by bexarotene. For the first time, these studies demonstrate a new, clinically relevant aerosolized bexarotene formulation that exhibits preventive efficacy against the major subtypes of lung cancer. This approach could be a major advancement in lung cancer prevention for high risk populations, including former and present smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Morgan E Stevenson
- Department of Psychology , University of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Mark Steven Miller
- Division of Cancer Prevention , National Cancer Institute , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Ronald A Lubet
- Division of Cancer Prevention , National Cancer Institute , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | | | - Shama P Mirza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53211 , United States
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17
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Mielczarek L, Krug P, Mazur M, Milczarek M, Chilmonczyk Z, Wiktorska K. In the triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line, sulforaphane enhances the intracellular accumulation and anticancer action of doxorubicin encapsulated in liposomes. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:311-318. [PMID: 30641176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A new combination of sulforaphane (a natural compound obtained from Brassicaceae vegetables) and the cytostatic drug doxorubicin was entrapped in nanometer-sized liposomes. In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the cytotoxicity of these structures on the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Confocal microscopy studies revealed enhanced cellular endocytotic internalization, followed by the release of the examined combination from the lysosomes. The in vitro interaction analysis using the Chou-Talalay approach showed high synergistic activity of the examined combination. This synergistic activity enables a considerable reduction in cytostatic dosage and an increase in cancer treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mielczarek
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pamela Krug
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Mazur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Milczarek
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Chilmonczyk
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wiktorska
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Hull MA, Sprange K, Hepburn T, Tan W, Shafayat A, Rees CJ, Clifford G, Logan RF, Loadman PM, Williams EA, Whitham D, Montgomery AA. Eicosapentaenoic acid and aspirin, alone and in combination, for the prevention of colorectal adenomas (seAFOod Polyp Prevention trial): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial. Lancet 2018; 392:2583-2594. [PMID: 30466866 PMCID: PMC6294731 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and aspirin both have proof of concept for colorectal cancer chemoprevention, aligned with an excellent safety profile. Therefore, we aimed to test the efficacy of EPA and aspirin, alone and in combination and compared with a placebo, in individuals with sporadic colorectal neoplasia detected at colonoscopy. METHODS In a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial, patients aged 55-73 years who were identified during colonoscopy as being at high risk in the English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP; ≥3 adenomas if at least one was ≥10 mm in diameter or ≥5 adenomas if these were <10 mm in diameter) were recruited from 53 BCSP endoscopy units in England, UK. Patients were randomly allocated (1:1:1:1) using a secure web-based server to receive 2 g EPA-free fatty acid (FFA) per day (either as the FFA or triglyceride), 300 mg aspirin per day, both treatments in combination, or placebo for 12 months using random permuted blocks of randomly varying size, and stratified by BCSP site. Research staff and participants were masked to group assignment. The primary endpoint was the adenoma detection rate (ADR; the proportion of participants with any adenoma) at 1 year surveillance colonoscopy analysed in all participants with observable follow-up data using a so-called at-the-margins approach, adjusted for BCSP site and repeat endoscopy at baseline. The safety population included all participants who received at least one dose of study drug. The trial is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number registry, number ISRCTN05926847. FINDINGS Between Nov 11, 2011, and June 10, 2016, 709 participants were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (176 to placebo, 179 to EPA, 177 to aspirin, and 177 to EPA plus aspirin). Adenoma outcome data were available for 163 (93%) patients in the placebo group, 153 (85%) in the EPA group, 163 (92%) in the aspirin group, and 161 (91%) in the EPA plus aspirin group. The ADR was 61% (100 of 163) in the placebo group, 63% (97 of 153) in the EPA group, 61% (100 of 163) in the aspirin group, and 61% (98 of 161) in the EPA plus aspirin group, with no evidence of any effect for EPA (risk ratio [RR] 0·98, 95% CI 0·87 to 1·12; risk difference -0·9%, -8·8 to 6·9; p=0·81) or aspirin (RR 0·99 (0·87 to 1·12; risk difference -0·6%, -8·5 to 7·2; p=0·88). EPA and aspirin were well tolerated (78 [44%] of 176 had ≥1 adverse event in the placebo group compared with 82 [46%] in the EPA group, 68 [39%] in the aspirin group, and 76 [45%] in the EPA plus aspirin group), although the number of gastrointestinal adverse events was increased in the EPA alone group at 146 events (compared with 85 in the placebo group, 86 in the aspirin group, and 68 in the aspirin plus placebo group). Six upper-gastrointestinal bleeding events were reported across the treatment groups (two in the EPA group, three in the aspirin group, and one in the placebo group). INTERPRETATION Neither EPA nor aspirin treatment were associated with a reduction in the proportion of patients with at least one colorectal adenoma. Further research is needed regarding the effect on colorectal adenoma number according to adenoma type and location. Optimal use of EPA and aspirin might need a precision medicine approach to adenoma recurrence. FUNDING Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme, a UK Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hull
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
| | - Kirsty Sprange
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Trish Hepburn
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Wei Tan
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aisha Shafayat
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Colin J Rees
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Gayle Clifford
- South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust, South Tyneside District Hospital, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Richard F Logan
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul M Loadman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Diane Whitham
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alan A Montgomery
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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19
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Peñalva R, Morales J, González-Navarro CJ, Larrañeta E, Quincoces G, Peñuelas I, Irache JM. Increased Oral Bioavailability of Resveratrol by Its Encapsulation in Casein Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092816. [PMID: 30231546 PMCID: PMC6163610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol that provides several health benefits including cardioprotection and cancer prevention. However, its biological activity is limited by a poor bioavailability when taken orally. The aim of this work was to evaluate the capability of casein nanoparticles as oral carriers for resveratrol. Nanoparticles were prepared by a coacervation process, purified and dried by spray-drying. The mean size of nanoparticles was around 200 nm with a resveratrol payload close to 30 μg/mg nanoparticle. In vitro studies demonstrated that the resveratrol release from casein nanoparticles was not affected by the pH conditions and followed a zero-order kinetic. When nanoparticles were administered orally to rats, they remained within the gut, displaying an important capability to reach the intestinal epithelium. No evidence of nanoparticle “translocation” were observed. The resveratrol plasma levels were high and sustained for at least 8 h with a similar profile to that observed for the presence of the major metabolite in plasma. The oral bioavailability of resveratrol when loaded in casein nanoparticles was calculated to be 26.5%, 10 times higher than when the polyphenol was administered as oral solution. Finally, a good correlation between in vitro and in vivo data was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Peñalva
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Morales
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | - Eneko Larrañeta
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Quincoces
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ivan Peñuelas
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Juan M Irache
- NANO-VAC Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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20
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Ding Y, Mullapudi B, Torres C, Mascariñas E, Mancinelli G, Diaz AM, McKinney R, Barron M, Schultz M, Heiferman M, Wojtanek M, Adrian K, DeCant B, Rao S, Ouellette M, Tsao MS, Bentrem DJ, Grippo PJ. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevent Early Pancreatic Carcinogenesis via Repression of the AKT Pathway. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091289. [PMID: 30213082 PMCID: PMC6163264 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains a daunting foe despite a vast number of accumulating molecular analyses regarding the mutation and expression status of a variety of genes. Indeed, most pancreatic cancer cases uniformly present with a mutation in the KRAS allele leading to enhanced RAS activation. Yet our understanding of the many epigenetic/environmental factors contributing to disease incidence and progression is waning. Epidemiologic data suggest that diet may be a key factor in pancreatic cancer development and potentially a means of chemoprevention at earlier stages. While diets high in ω3 fatty acids are typically associated with tumor suppression, diets high in ω6 fatty acids have been linked to increased tumor development. Thus, to better understand the contribution of these polyunsaturated fatty acids to pancreatic carcinogenesis, we modeled early stage disease by targeting mutant KRAS to the exocrine pancreas and administered diets rich in these fatty acids to assess tumor formation and altered cell-signaling pathways. We discovered that, consistent with previous reports, the ω3-enriched diet led to reduced lesion penetrance via repression of proliferation associated with reduced phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), whereas the ω6-enriched diet accelerated tumor formation. These data provide a plausible mechanism underlying previously observed effects of fatty acids and suggest that administration of ω3 fatty acids can reduce the pro-survival, pro-growth functions of pAKT. Indeed, counseling subjects at risk to increase their intake of foods containing higher amounts of ω3 fatty acids could aid in the prevention of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzeng Ding
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Bhargava Mullapudi
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Carolina Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Emman Mascariñas
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Georgina Mancinelli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Andrew M Diaz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ronald McKinney
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Morgan Barron
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Michelle Schultz
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Michael Heiferman
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Mireille Wojtanek
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Kevin Adrian
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Brian DeCant
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sambasiva Rao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Michel Ouellette
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - David J Bentrem
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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21
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Lee HC, Liang A, Lin YH, Guo YR, Huang SY. Low dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio prevents induced oral carcinoma in a hamster pouch model. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:67-75. [PMID: 28292553 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fatty acid patterns have been linked to the prevalence of certain cancers, however in oral carcinoma is limited. Thus, we investigated the chemopreventive effects of various dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in a 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benz[a]-anthracene (DMBA)- and betel quid extract (BQE) -induced hamster oral cancer model. Thirty 6-week-old adult male hamsters were housed and divided into normal, low, and high dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acid groups under DMBA + BQE treatment for 16 weeks. The right buccal pouch of all hamsters were evaluated by tumor number, volume, burden and selected inflammatory parameters. The results indicate that the low dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid group exhibited a significantly lower tumor number, volume, and burden than those of the other groups. Furthermore, this group had significantly lower nuclear factor-κB, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and cyclin D1 expression in the right buccal pouch tissue. In conclusion, the lower dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio exerted chemopreventive effects in the DMBA- and BQE-induced hamster oral cancer model.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/toxicity
- Animals
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/administration & dosage
- Areca/chemistry
- Areca/toxicity
- Cricetinae
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Omega-6/administration & dosage
- Fatty Acids, Omega-6/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/administration & dosage
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Male
- Mouth Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Mouth Neoplasms/diet therapy
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chuan Lee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An Liang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ho Lin
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Guo
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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De Palo G, Camerini T, Marubini E, Costa A, Formelli F, Del Vecchio M, Mariani L, Miceli R, Mascotti G, Magni A, Campa T, Di Mauro MG, Attili A, Maltoni C, Del Turco MR, Decensi A, D'Aiuto G, Veronesi U. Chemoprevention Trial of Contralateral Breast Cancer with Fenretinide. Rationale, Design, Methodology, Organization, Data Management, Statistics and Accrual. Tumori 2018; 83:884-94. [PMID: 9526578 DOI: 10.1177/030089169708300603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Fenretinide (4-HPR) Breast Cancer Study is a randomized multicenter clinical trial originally designed and conducted by the investigators of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. The study is sponsored by the National Cancer Institute of Bethesda and by the Italian National Research Council. The trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the synthetic retinoid 4-HPR, at a dose of 200 mg per os every day for 5 years, in reducing the incidence of contralateral breast cancer in a population of patients previously operated on for breast cancer. Between 1987 and 1993, the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan and 9 other collaborating Centers enrolled 2,972 women between the ages of 30 and 70 years who had been previously operated on for T1-T2 N- M0 breast cancer. This paper describes the rationale, design, methodology, organization, data management, statistics and accrual of the participating population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De Palo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, University of Milan, Italy
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23
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Abstract
The relation between the trace element selenium and the etiology of cancer in humans remains elusive and intriguing, despite the number of epidemiologic studies published on the topic. We address some methodologic issues, such as misclassification of exposure, particularly to single selenium compounds, effect modification, confounding, and other sources of bias, which may explain the inconsistencies in the literature. We also review the results of cohort studies, which have yielded either inverse or null or direct associations between selenium exposure and subsequent cancer risk. To date, no beneficial effect on cancer incidence at major sites, including prostate cancer, has emerged from the Finnish program begun in 1984 to increase the average selenium intake in its population. Populations exposed to unusually high or low levels of environmental selenium might offer unique opportunities to investigate if selenium exposure is related to the etiology of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vinceti
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology & Biostatistics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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24
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Acevedo F, Hermosilla J, Sanhueza C, Mora-Lagos B, Fuentes I, Rubilar M, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Gallic acid loaded PEO-core/zein-shell nanofibers for chemopreventive action on gallbladder cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:49-61. [PMID: 29630938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Coaxial electrospinning was used to develop gallic acid (GA) loaded poly(ethylene oxide)/zein nanofibers in order to improve its chemopreventive action on human gallbladder cancer cells. Using a Plackett-Burman design, the effects of poly(ethylene oxide) and zein concentration and applied voltage on the diameter and morphology index of nanofibers were investigated. Coaxial nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). GA loading efficiency as high as 77% was obtained under optimal process conditions. The coaxial nanofibers controlled GA release in acid and neutral pH medium. Cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production on gallbladder cancer cell lines GB-d1 and NOZ in the presence of GA-nanofibers were assessed. GA-nanofibers triggered an increase in the cellular cytotoxicity compared with free GA on GB-d1 and NOZ cells. Statistically significant differences were found in ROS levels of GA-nanofibers compared with free GA on NOZ cells. Differently, ROS production on GB-d1 cell line was similar. Based on these results, the coaxial nanofibers obtained in this study under optimized operational conditions offer an alternative for the development of a GA release system with improved chemopreventive action on gallbladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Acevedo
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Jeyson Hermosilla
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Claudia Sanhueza
- Doctoral Program in Science of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Barbara Mora-Lagos
- Center of Excellence in Traslational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Doctoral Program in Sciences, Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Irma Fuentes
- Centro de Materiales Poliméricos y Macromoléculas, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Alemania 01090, Temuco, Chile; Centro de Investigación Multidisciplinario de La Araucanía (CIMA), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Avenida Alemania #01090, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mónica Rubilar
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Casilla 54-D, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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25
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Wali RK, Bianchi L, Kupfer S, De La Cruz M, Jovanovic B, Weber C, Goldberg MJ, Rodriguez LM, Bergan R, Rubin D, Tull MB, Richmond E, Parker B, Khan S, Roy HK. Prevention of colonic neoplasia with polyethylene glycol: A short term randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193544. [PMID: 29617381 PMCID: PMC5884487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoprevention represents an attractive modality against colorectal cancer (CRC) although widespread clinical implementation of promising agents (e.g. aspirin/NSAIDS) have been stymied by both suboptimal efficacy and concerns over toxicity. This highlights the need for better agents. Several groups, including our own, have reported that the over-the-counter laxative polyethylene glycol (PEG) has remarkable efficacy in rodent models of colon carcinogenesis. In this study, we undertook the first randomized human trial to address the role of PEG in prevention of human colonic neoplasia. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm trial where eligible subjects were randomized to 8g PEG-3350 (n = 27) or 17g PEG-3350 (n = 24), or placebo (n = 24; maltodextrin) orally for a duration of six months. Our initial primary endpoint was rectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) but this was changed during protocol period to rectal mucosal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Of the 87 patients randomized, 48 completed study primary endpoints and rectal EGFR unchanged PEG treatment. Rectal ACF had a trend suggesting potentially reduction with PEG treatment (pre-post change 1.7 in placebo versus -0.3 in PEG 8+ 17g doses, p = 0.108). Other endpoints (proliferation, apoptosis, expression of SNAIL and E-cadherin), previously noted to be modulated in rodent models, appeared unchanged with PEG treatment in this clinical trial. We conclude that PEG was generally well tolerated with the trial failing to meet primary efficacy endpoints. However, rectal ACFs demonstrated a trend (albeit statistically insignificant) for suppression with PEG. Moreover, all molecular assays including EGFR were unaltered with PEG underscoring issues with lack of translatability of biomarkers from preclinical to clinical trials. This data may provide the impetus for future clinical trials on PEG using more robust biomarkers of chemoprevention. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00828984
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh K. Wali
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Sonia Kupfer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mart De La Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Borko Jovanovic
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Christopher Weber
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - L. M. Rodriguez
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - David Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mary Beth Tull
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ellen Richmond
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Beth Parker
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Seema Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Hemant K. Roy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Bose C, Awasthi S, Sharma R, Beneš H, Hauer-Jensen M, Boerma M, Singh SP. Sulforaphane potentiates anticancer effects of doxorubicin and attenuates its cardiotoxicity in a breast cancer model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193918. [PMID: 29518137 PMCID: PMC5843244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women of the Western world. Doxorubicin (DOX) continues to be used extensively to treat early-stage or node-positive breast cancer, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, and metastatic disease. We have previously demonstrated in a mouse model that sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate isolated from cruciferous vegetables, protects the heart from DOX-induced toxicity and damage. However, the effects of SFN on the chemotherapeutic efficacy of DOX in breast cancer are not known. Present studies were designed to investigate whether SFN alters the effects of DOX on breast cancer regression while also acting as a cardioprotective agent. Studies on rat neonatal cardiomyocytes and multiple rat and human breast cancer cell lines revealed that SFN protects cardiac cells but not cancer cells from DOX toxicity. Results of studies in a rat orthotopic breast cancer model indicated that SFN enhanced the efficacy of DOX in regression of tumor growth, and that the DOX dosage required to treat the tumor could be reduced when SFN was administered concomitantly. Additionally, SFN enhanced mitochondrial respiration in the hearts of DOX-treated rats and reduced cardiac oxidative stress caused by DOX, as evidenced by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, the activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and associated antioxidant enzymes. These studies indicate that SFN not only acts synergistically with DOX in cancer regression, but also protects the heart from DOX toxicity through Nrf2 activation and protection of mitochondrial integrity and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhanda Bose
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rajendra Sharma
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Helen Beneš
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Marjan Boerma
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Sharda P. Singh
- Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
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27
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Van Hoang D, Pham NM, Lee AH, Tran DN, Binns CW. Dietary Carotenoid Intakes and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study from Vietnam. Nutrients 2018; 10:E70. [PMID: 29324670 PMCID: PMC5793298 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer has increased in Vietnam, but there have been few studies of the risk factors associated with this change. This retrospective case-control study investigated the relation of the intake of carotenoids and their food sources to prostate cancer risk. A sample of 652 participants (244 incident prostate cancer patients, aged 64-75 years, and 408 age frequency-matched controls) were recruited in Ho Chi Minh City during 2013-2015. The habitual diet was ascertained with a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and other factors including demographic and lifestyle characteristics were assessed via face-to-face interviews by trained nurses. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models. The risk of prostate cancer decreased with increasing intakes of lycopene, tomatoes, and carrots; the respective ORs (95% CIs) were 0.46 (0.27, 0.77), 0.39 (0.23, 0.66), and 0.35 (0.21, 0.58), when comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of intake (p for trend < 0.01). No statistically significant associations were found for the intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and major food sources of carotenoids. In conclusion, Vietnamese men with a higher intake of lycopene, tomatoes, and carrots may have a lower risk of prostate cancer. However, large prospective studies are needed in this population to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Van Hoang
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam.
| | - Andy H Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Duong Nhu Tran
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Colin W Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
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28
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Kiskova T, Demeckova V, Jendzelovska Z, Kiktava M, Venglovska K, Bohmdorfer M, Jager W, Thalhammer T. Nocturnal resveratrol administration inhibits chemically induced breast cancer formation in rats. J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 68:867-875. [PMID: 29550799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is well known natural polyphenol with proven antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. Since mode of application may be important for cancer-preventive effects of RES, the aim of this study was to evaluate a possible delay in the initiation and progression of chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats after the nocturnal administration of RES. Application of a high dose of RES (100 mg/kg body weight), starting 2 weeks before the first N-methyl-N-nitrosourea dose (NMU) (50 mg/kg body weight), reduced tumor incidence and markedly prolonged latency period (P < 0.01) in the NMU + RES group in comparison to NMU tumor bearing animals. In addition, the tumor volume decreased significantly (P < 0.05) together with tumor frequency (P < 0.05). We also observed that food but not water intake was significantly reduced by 17% between weeks 4 and 12 in the NMU + RES group leading to a pronounced reduction in the body mass of about 25% as compared to untreated controls. In addition to direct effects of RES in tumor tissues, this polyphenol did also improve metabolic functions in RES-treated animals since it normalizes hypoproteinemia and urea levels and increases the number of lymphocytes when compared with NMU. Higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leukocytes and the elevation of proinflammatory plasma cytokines IL-1 and IL-2 may contribute to the observed reduction in tumor development. These results indicate for the first time that nocturnal administration of a high dose of RES significantly affects tumor development in vivo. Therefore, we conclude that RES is a promising candidate for cancer chemoprevention. However, it should be noted that the mode of application might significantly affect RES ability to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kiskova
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - V Demeckova
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Z Jendzelovska
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - M Kiktava
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - K Venglovska
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - M Bohmdorfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Jager
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Thalhammer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Castro-Gómez MP, Pimentel LL, Fontecha J. Milk fat components with potential anticancer activity-a review. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170705. [PMID: 29026007 PMCID: PMC6372256 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During many years, the milk fat has been unfairly undervalued due to its association with higher levels of cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidaemia or obesity, among others. However, currently, this relationship is being re-evaluated because some of the dairy lipid components have been attributed potential health benefits. Due to this, and based on the increasing incidence of cancer in our society, this review work aims to discuss the state of the art concerning scientific evidence of milk lipid components and reported anticancer properties. Results from the in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that specific fatty acids (FA) (as butyric acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), among others), phospholipids and sphingolipids from milk globule membrane are potential anticarcinogenic agents. However, their mechanism of action remains still unclear due to limited and inconsistent findings in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, Porto 4202-401, Portugal
- Research Center for Natural Resources and Sustainability (CIRENYS), Bernardo O'Higgins University, Fábrica N° 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - M Pilar Castro-Gómez
- Institute of Food Science Research, (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Campus of Autónoma University of Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera, Madrid 9. 28049, Spain
| | - Lígia L Pimentel
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, Porto 4202-401, Portugal
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Institute of Food Science Research, (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Campus of Autónoma University of Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera, Madrid 9. 28049, Spain
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30
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Lai CS, Yang G, Li S, Lee PS, Wang BN, Chung MC, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT, Pan MH. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene Suppresses Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis by Inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 Signaling in Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:9655-9664. [PMID: 29032686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
3'-Hydroxypterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-3',4'-hydroxystilbene) presents in Sphaerophysa salsula, Pterocarpus marsupium, and honey bee propolis and has been reported to exhibit several biological activities. Herein, we aimed to explore the chemopreventive effects of dietary 3'-hydroxypterostilbene and underlying molecular mechanisms on colitis-associated cancer using the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene administration effectively ameliorated the colon shortening and number of tumors in AOM/DSS-treated mice (3.2 ± 1.2 of the high-dose treatment versus 13.8 ± 5.3 of the AOM/DSS group, p < 0.05). Molecular analysis exhibited the anti-inflammatory activity of 3'-hydroxypterostilbene by a significant decrease in the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary 3'-hydroxypterostilbene also significantly diminished IL-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling and restored colonic suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 levels in the colonic tissue of mice (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrated for the first time the in vivo chemopreventive efficacy and molecular mechanisms of dietary 3'-hydroxypterostilbene against colitis-associated colonic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University , Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Guliang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang, Hubei China
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang, Hubei China
| | - Pei-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bi Ni Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Min-Ching Chung
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University , Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang, Hubei China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung, Taiwan
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31
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Zeng Y, Lian S, Li D, Lin X, Chen B, Wei H, Yang T. Anti-hepatocarcinoma effect of cordycepin against NDEA-induced hepatocellular carcinomas via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB pathway in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1868-1875. [PMID: 28968944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cordycepin (CA) on N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and explore its potential mechanisms. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: control group, NDEA group, NDEA+CA (20mg/kg) group, NDEA+CA (40mg/kg) group. The animal of each group were given NDEA (100ppm) in drinking water. One hour later, CA, which was dissolved in PBS, were intragastrically administered for continuous seven days. The results showed that CA reduced the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in liver and serum. CA also reduced the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), and stored the activity of superoxygen dehydrogenises (SOD) in serum. CA could obviously attenuate the hepatic pathological alteration. Furthermore, CA effectively inhibited the phosphorylations of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In conclusion, our research suggested that CA exhibited protective effects on NDEA-induced hepatocellular carcinomas via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Lian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Danfeng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Bozan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Hongfa Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, P.R. China.
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32
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Site-specific delivery of drugs leads to an increase in the availability of drugs at the targeted region. The objective of the present investigation was to develop a dually functional microparticulate colon-targeted drug delivery system of meloxicam for potential application in the prophylaxis of colorectal cancer. Chitosan microspheres were prepared by using emulsification-chemical cross-linking technique. Formulation parameters studied include chitosan concentration, drug to polymer ratio, agitation speed, emulsifier concentration, quantity of cross-linking agent and time for cross-linking. In vitro evaluation of microspheres revealed premature release of drug in the upper part of gastrointestinal tract. Since coating of microspheres is difficult to accomplish (with reproducible results), they were compacted to tablets. Enteric coating of tableted microspheres was achieved using Eudragit® S100. In vitro evaluation and SEM studies depict that the microspheres remain intact during compression process. The developed system was further evaluated for in vivo pharmacokinetic and roentgenography studies. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation in rabbits reveal that the onset of drug absorption from the coated tableted microspheres (T lag time = 4.67 ± 0.58 h) was significantly delayed compared to uncoated tableted microspheres. In vivo roentgenographic study revealed that the system remained intact, until it reaches to the colonic region (5 h). Thus, from the results of the study, it can be revealed that the developed system could serve as a potential tool for efficient delivery of drug to the colonic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.
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33
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Kumar V, Bhatt PC, Rahman M, Al-Abbasi FA, Anwar F, Verma A. Umbelliferon-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(2 I→1 II)-α-Dglucopyranoside ameliorates Diethylnitrosamine induced precancerous lesion development in liver via regulation of inflammation, hyperproliferation and antioxidant at pre-clinical stage. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:834-842. [PMID: 28802237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that anomalous production of inflammatory proteins linked with most of the toxic expression and genesis of diverse chronic disease including cancer. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) a well-known hepatotoxin and hepatocarcinogen, can induce oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in it. Umbelliferone, secondary metabolites, is present in different plants and widely consumed by humans as medicine and food supplements. The aim of the current study was to scrutinize the chemoprotective potential of umbelliferon-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(2I→1II)-α-d-glucopyranoside (UFD) against DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in experimental rats. Single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (200mg/kg) was used for induction of HCC in rats and rats were grouped and orally treated with UFD (5, 10 and 20mg/kg) dose for 22 weeks. Parameters under investigation included hepatic, non-hepatic enzymes, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, COX-2 and NF-κB level along with histopathological examination in HCC rats. UFD exerted protective effect via reduction of oxidative stress, liver and non-liver parameters in a dose-dependent manner. It also reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2 in diseased rats. Our result revealed the essential repression of the inflammation cascade through modulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Prakash Chandra Bhatt
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amita Verma
- Bio-organic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Martinello F, Kannen V, Franco JJ, Gasparotto B, Sakita JY, Sugohara A, Garcia SB, Uyemura SA. Chemopreventive effects of a Tamarindus indica fruit extract against colon carcinogenesis depends on the dietary cholesterol levels in hamsters. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 107:261-269. [PMID: 28687269 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tamarind has significant antioxidant potential. We showed that tamarind protects hypercholesterolemic hamsters from atherosclerosis. Hypercholesterolemia might increase the risk of colon cancer. We investigated whether tamarind extract modulates the risk of colon cancer in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Hamsters (n = 64) were given tamarind and a hypercholesterolemic diet for 8 weeks. The groups were the control, tamarind treatment, hypercholesterolemic, and hypercholesterolemic treated with tamarind groups. Half of each group was exposed to the carcinogen dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at the 8th week. All hamsters were euthanatized at the 10th week. In carcinogen-exposed hypercholesterolemic hamsters, tamarind did not alter the cholesterol or triglyceride serum levels, but it reduced biomarkers of liver damage (alanine transaminase [ALT], and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]). Tamarind decreased DNA damage in hepatocytes, as demonstrated by analysis with an anti-γH2A.X antibody. In liver and serum samples, we found that this fruit extract reduced lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) and increased endogenous antioxidant mechanisms (glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]). However, tamarind did not alter either lipid peroxidation or antioxidant defenses in the colon, which contrasts with DMH exposure. Moreover, tamarind significantly increased the stool content of cholesterol. Although tamarind reduced the risk of colon cancer in hypercholesterolemic hamsters that were carcinogenically exposed to DMH by 63.8% (Metallothionein), it was still ∼51% higher than for animals fed a regular diet. Staining colon samples with an anti-γH2A.X antibody confirmed these findings. We suggest that tamarind has chemoprotective activity against the development of colon carcinogenesis, although a hypercholesterolemic diet might impair this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Martinello
- Department Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Kannen
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - João José Franco
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gasparotto
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana Yumi Sakita
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Atushi Sugohara
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Akira Uyemura
- Department of Toxicology, Bromatology, and Clinical Analysis, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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35
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Zeng W, Zhang C, Cheng H, Wu YL, Liu J, Chen Z, Huang JG, Ericksen RE, Chen L, Zhang H, Wong AST, Zhang XK, Han W, Zeng JZ. Targeting to the non-genomic activity of retinoic acid receptor-gamma by acacetin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:348. [PMID: 28336971 PMCID: PMC5428017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that retinoic acid receptor-γ (RARγ) is overexpressed and acts as a tumor promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The oncogenic activity of RARγ is mainly attributed to its physiological interaction with p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K leading to constitutive activation of AKT. Here we report RARγ as a negative regulator of p53 signaling and thus extend the oncogenic potential of RARγ to a new role in controlling the balance between AKT and p53. A natural flavonoid acacetin is then identified to be capable of modulating RARγ-dependent AKT-p53 network. It specifically binds to RARγ and inhibits all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) stimulation of RARγ transactivation. However, the anticancer action of acacetin is independent on its modulation of RARγ-driven transcriptional activity. Acacetin induces cancer cell apoptosis through antagonizing the non-genomic effect of RARγ on AKT and p53. When bound to RARγ, acacetin prevents RARγ from its activation of AKT followed by recovery of the normal p53 signaling. Given the implication of AKT-p53 dysregulation in most HCC, targeting the non-genomic signaling of RARγ that switches AKT-p53 from a pro-survival to a pro-apoptotic program in cancer cells should be a promising strategy for developing novel anti-HCC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunyun Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zekun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian-Gang Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Russell Erick Ericksen
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liqun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, China
| | - Alice Sze Tsai Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weiping Han
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin-Zhang Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Cuzick J, Brentnall AR, Segal C, Byers H, Reuter C, Detre S, Lopez-Knowles E, Sestak I, Howell A, Powles TJ, Newman WG, Dowsett M. Impact of a Panel of 88 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on the Risk of Breast Cancer in High-Risk Women: Results From Two Randomized Tamoxifen Prevention Trials. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:743-750. [PMID: 28029312 PMCID: PMC5455424 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.69.8944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose At least 94 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with breast cancer. The extent to which an SNP panel can refine risk in women who receive preventive therapy has not been directly assessed previously. Materials and Methods A risk score on the basis of 88 SNPs (SNP88) was investigated in a nested case-control study of women enrolled in the International Breast Intervention Study (IBIS-I) or the Royal Marsden study. A total of 359 women who developed cancer were matched to 636 controls by age, trial, follow-up time, and treatment arm. Genotyping was done using the OncoArray. Conditional logistic regression and matched concordance indices (mC) were used to measure the performance of SNP88 alone and with other breast cancer risk factors assessed using the Tyrer-Cuzick (TC) model. Results SNP88 was predictive of breast cancer risk overall (interquartile range odds ratio [IQ-OR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.66; mC, 0.55), but mainly for estrogen receptor-positive disease (IQ-OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.79; P for heterogeneity = .10) versus estrogen receptor-negative disease. However, the observed risk of SNP88 was only 46% (95% CI, 19% to 74%) of expected. No significant interaction was observed with treatment arm (placebo IQ-OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.87; tamoxifen IQ-OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.64; P for heterogeneity = .5). The predictive power was similar to the TC model (IQ-OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.73; mC, 0.55), but SNP88 was independent of TC (Spearman rank-order correlation, 0.012; P = .7), and when combined multiplicatively, a substantial improvement was seen (IQ-OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.36 to 1.97; mC, 0.60). Conclusion A polygenic risk score may be used to refine risk from the TC or similar models in women who are at an elevated risk of breast cancer and considering preventive therapy. Recalibration may be necessary for accurate risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Cuzick
- Jack Cuzick, Adam R. Brentnall, Caroline Reuter, and Ivana Sestak, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Corrinne Segal, The Institute of Cancer Research; Corrinne Segal, Simone Detre, Elena Lopez-Knowles, and Mitchell Dowsett, Royal Marsden Hospital; Trevor J. Powles, Cancer Centre London, London; Helen Byers and William G. Newman, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust; and Anthony Howell, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adam R. Brentnall
- Jack Cuzick, Adam R. Brentnall, Caroline Reuter, and Ivana Sestak, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Corrinne Segal, The Institute of Cancer Research; Corrinne Segal, Simone Detre, Elena Lopez-Knowles, and Mitchell Dowsett, Royal Marsden Hospital; Trevor J. Powles, Cancer Centre London, London; Helen Byers and William G. Newman, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust; and Anthony Howell, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Corrinne Segal
- Jack Cuzick, Adam R. Brentnall, Caroline Reuter, and Ivana Sestak, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Corrinne Segal, The Institute of Cancer Research; Corrinne Segal, Simone Detre, Elena Lopez-Knowles, and Mitchell Dowsett, Royal Marsden Hospital; Trevor J. Powles, Cancer Centre London, London; Helen Byers and William G. Newman, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust; and Anthony Howell, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Byers
- Jack Cuzick, Adam R. Brentnall, Caroline Reuter, and Ivana Sestak, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Corrinne Segal, The Institute of Cancer Research; Corrinne Segal, Simone Detre, Elena Lopez-Knowles, and Mitchell Dowsett, Royal Marsden Hospital; Trevor J. Powles, Cancer Centre London, London; Helen Byers and William G. Newman, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust; and Anthony Howell, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Reuter
- Jack Cuzick, Adam R. Brentnall, Caroline Reuter, and Ivana Sestak, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Corrinne Segal, The Institute of Cancer Research; Corrinne Segal, Simone Detre, Elena Lopez-Knowles, and Mitchell Dowsett, Royal Marsden Hospital; Trevor J. Powles, Cancer Centre London, London; Helen Byers and William G. Newman, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust; and Anthony Howell, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Detre
- Jack Cuzick, Adam R. Brentnall, Caroline Reuter, and Ivana Sestak, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Corrinne Segal, The Institute of Cancer Research; Corrinne Segal, Simone Detre, Elena Lopez-Knowles, and Mitchell Dowsett, Royal Marsden Hospital; Trevor J. Powles, Cancer Centre London, London; Helen Byers and William G. Newman, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust; and Anthony Howell, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Lopez-Knowles
- Jack Cuzick, Adam R. Brentnall, Caroline Reuter, and Ivana Sestak, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Corrinne Segal, The Institute of Cancer Research; Corrinne Segal, Simone Detre, Elena Lopez-Knowles, and Mitchell Dowsett, Royal Marsden Hospital; Trevor J. Powles, Cancer Centre London, London; Helen Byers and William G. Newman, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust; and Anthony Howell, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Sestak
- Jack Cuzick, Adam R. Brentnall, Caroline Reuter, and Ivana Sestak, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Corrinne Segal, The Institute of Cancer Research; Corrinne Segal, Simone Detre, Elena Lopez-Knowles, and Mitchell Dowsett, Royal Marsden Hospital; Trevor J. Powles, Cancer Centre London, London; Helen Byers and William G. Newman, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust; and Anthony Howell, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Howell
- Jack Cuzick, Adam R. Brentnall, Caroline Reuter, and Ivana Sestak, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Corrinne Segal, The Institute of Cancer Research; Corrinne Segal, Simone Detre, Elena Lopez-Knowles, and Mitchell Dowsett, Royal Marsden Hospital; Trevor J. Powles, Cancer Centre London, London; Helen Byers and William G. Newman, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust; and Anthony Howell, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor J. Powles
- Jack Cuzick, Adam R. Brentnall, Caroline Reuter, and Ivana Sestak, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Corrinne Segal, The Institute of Cancer Research; Corrinne Segal, Simone Detre, Elena Lopez-Knowles, and Mitchell Dowsett, Royal Marsden Hospital; Trevor J. Powles, Cancer Centre London, London; Helen Byers and William G. Newman, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust; and Anthony Howell, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - William G. Newman
- Jack Cuzick, Adam R. Brentnall, Caroline Reuter, and Ivana Sestak, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Corrinne Segal, The Institute of Cancer Research; Corrinne Segal, Simone Detre, Elena Lopez-Knowles, and Mitchell Dowsett, Royal Marsden Hospital; Trevor J. Powles, Cancer Centre London, London; Helen Byers and William G. Newman, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust; and Anthony Howell, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mitchell Dowsett
- Jack Cuzick, Adam R. Brentnall, Caroline Reuter, and Ivana Sestak, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London; Corrinne Segal, The Institute of Cancer Research; Corrinne Segal, Simone Detre, Elena Lopez-Knowles, and Mitchell Dowsett, Royal Marsden Hospital; Trevor J. Powles, Cancer Centre London, London; Helen Byers and William G. Newman, University of Manchester and Central Manchester Foundation Trust; and Anthony Howell, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Eshagh K, Romero LS, So JK, Zhao XF. Late-onset bexarotene-induced CD4 lymphopenia in a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patient. Cutis 2017; 99:E30-E34. [PMID: 28319634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Various infections, autoimmune diseases, medications, and total-body irradiation are known factors associated with CD4 lymphopenia, defined as a CD4 T-cell count below 300 cells/mL or less than 20% of total lymphocytes. We report a rare case of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) who developed profound CD4 lymphopenia in the setting of long-term bexarotene therapy. Bexarotene is a third-generation retinoid that inhibits epithelial cell proliferation and is approved for treatment of advanced CTCL (stages IIB-IVB) in adult patients who have failed at least 1 prior systemic therapy. This case illustrates the importance of surveillance for CD4 leukopenia in patients on long-term bexarotene therapy with routine complete blood cell counts (CBC) and T-cell counts as well as consideration of rotating patients off bexarotene therapy even in those who derive continuous benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Eshagh
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura S Romero
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, Medical Center, and VA San Diego Healthcare System, USA
| | - Jessica K So
- Department of Dermatology, Sharp Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
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Mallery SR, Wang D, Santiago B, Pei P, Schwendeman SP, Nieto K, Spinney R, Tong M, Koutras G, Han B, Holpuch A, Lang J. Benefits of Multifaceted Chemopreventives in the Suppression of the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Tumorigenic Phenotype. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:76-88. [PMID: 27756753 PMCID: PMC5222683 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over one third of patients who have undergone oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) surgical resections develop life-threatening and often untreatable recurrences. A variety of drugs, intended for management of recurrent or disseminated cancers, were designed to exploit cancer cells' reliance upon overexpressed receptors and gratuitous signaling. Despite their conceptual promise, clinical trials showed these agents lacked efficacy and were often toxic. These findings are consistent with evasion of pathway-targeted treatments via extensive signaling redundancies and compensatory mechanisms common to cancers. Optimal secondary OSCC chemoprevention requires long-term efficacy with multifaceted, nontoxic agents. Accordingly, this study evaluated the abilities of three complementary chemopreventives, that is, the vitamin A derivative fenretinide (4-HPR, induces apoptosis and differentiation, inhibits signaling proteins, and invasion), the estrogen metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME, apoptosis-inducing, antiangiogenic), and the humanized mAb to the IL6R receptor tocilizumab (TOC, reduces IL6 signaling) to suppress OSCC gratuitous signaling and tumorigenesis. Modeling studies demonstrated 4-HPR's high-affinity binding at STAT3's dimerization site and c-Abl and c-Src ATP-binding kinase sites. Although individual agents suppressed cancer-promoting pathways including STAT3 phosphorylation, STAT3-DNA binding, and production of the trans-signaling enabling sIL6R, maximal chemopreventive effects were observed with agent combinations. OSCC tumor xenograft studies showed that locally delivered TOC, TOC+4-HPR, and TOC+4-HPR+2-ME treatments all prevented significant tumor growth. Notably, the TOC+4-HPR+2-ME treatment resulted in the smallest overall increase in tumor volume. The selected agents use diverse mechanisms to disrupt tumorigenesis at multiple venues, that is, intracellular, tumor cell-ECM, and tumor microenvironment; beneficial qualities for secondary chemopreventives. Cancer Prev Res; 10(1); 76-88. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- 2-Methoxyestradiol
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/administration & dosage
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/adverse effects
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinogenesis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/prevention & control
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Estradiol/administration & dosage
- Estradiol/adverse effects
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol/therapeutic use
- Fenretinide/administration & dosage
- Fenretinide/adverse effects
- Fenretinide/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Mouth Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mouth Neoplasms/surgery
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Mallery
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daren Wang
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian Santiago
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ping Pei
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven P Schwendeman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kari Nieto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Meng Tong
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - George Koutras
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brian Han
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrew Holpuch
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology & Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James Lang
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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39
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Tyagi N, De R, Begun J, Popat A. Cancer therapeutics with epigallocatechin-3-gallate encapsulated in biopolymeric nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2016; 518:220-227. [PMID: 27988378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the recent quantum leap in chemoprevention by dietary products, their use as cancer therapeutics is garnering worldwide attention. The concept of effortlessly fighting this deadly disease by gulping cups of green tea or swallowing green tea extract capsules is appreciated universally. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol in green tea, has generated significant interest in controlling carcinogenesis due to its growth-inhibitory efficacy against a variety of cancers by targeting multiple signaling pathways. However, the success of EGCG in preclinical studies is difficult to translate into clinical trials due to issues of low solubility, bioavailability and an uncertain therapeutic window. The laborious and expensive journey of drugs from the laboratory to commercialization can be improved by utilizing nanoparticles as anti-cancer drug carriers. Exploitation of biopolymeric nanoparticles in recent years has improved EGCG's biodistribution, stability and tumor selectivity, revealing its superior chemopreventive effects. This review briefly summarizes recent developments regarding the targets and side effects of EGCG, complications associated with its low bioavailability and critically analyses the application of biopolymeric nanoparticles encapsulating EGCG as a next generation delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Tyagi
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD,4102,Australia
| | - Ranjit De
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Jakob Begun
- Inflammatory Disease Biology and Therapeutics Group- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD,4102,Australia; Inflammatory Disease Biology and Therapeutics Group- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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40
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Zhang L, Man S, Qiu H, Liu Z, Zhang M, Ma L, Gao W. Curcumin-cyclodextrin complexes enhanced the anti-cancer effects of curcumin. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 48:31-38. [PMID: 27716533 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR), as a yellow pigment in the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), possessed a pleiotropic application containing cancer therapy. Due to its poor oral bioavailability, the objective of this study was to investigate the use of curcumin-cyclodextrin complexes (CD15) as an approach to cancer chemoprevention. In this study, CUR encapsulation into the β-cyclodextrin (CD) cavity was achieved by the saturated aqueous solution method. CD15 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV spectra analyses. An optimized CD15 was evaluated by cellular uptake and anti-cancer activity. As a result, CD15 enhanced curcumin delivery and improved its therapeutic efficacy compared with free curcumin in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, through regulation of MAPK/NF-κB pathway, CD15 up-regulated p53/p21 pathway, down-regulated CyclinE-CDK2 combination and increased Bax/caspase 3 expression to induce cellar apoptosis and G1-phase arrest. In conclusion, these results suggested that CD15 formulation should be used as a system for improving curcumin delivery and its therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Huanna Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Long Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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41
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Lichtenberger LM, Phan T, Fang D, Edler S, Philip J, Li-Geng T, Dial EJ. Bioavailability of aspirin in rats comparing the drug's uptake into gastrointestinal tissue and vascular and lymphatic systems: implications on aspirin's chemopreventive action. J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 67:635-642. [PMID: 28011944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin is an effective analgesic and antiplatelet drug that in addition to its ability to reduce pain, inflammation and fever, appears to have efficacy in the prevention/treatment of a range of diseases including heart disease, numerous cancers and Alzheimer's. It is important to understand the bioavailability of aspirin and its major metabolite, salicylic acid, since dosage and route of administration can vary for treating differing diseases, and the major side-effects of aspirin, upper gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding, are dose-dependent. We examined the time course for gastroduodenal uptake of aspirin and the appearance of its major metabolite salicylic acid in blood and lymph after intragastric (to simulate oral) and intraduodenal (to simulate enteric-coating) dosing in rats. Results show that after intragastric dosing, intact aspirin is absorbed primarily by the gastric mucosa and to a lesser extent by the duodenal mucosa. When aspirin is dosed intragastrically or intraduodenally, a much greater concentration of aspirin enters the lymph than the blood. In contrast, the concentration of salicylic acid was higher in blood than in lymph. Lymph levels of both aspirin and salicylic acid were sufficiently high so as to perform a pharmacologic function there, possibly as a chemopreventive agent against colon cancer and potentially the metastatic spread of non-gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Lichtenberger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston - McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - T Phan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston - McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Fang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston - McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Edler
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston - McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Philip
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston - McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T Li-Geng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston - McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E J Dial
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston - McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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42
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Aizawa K, Liu C, Tang S, Veeramachaneni S, Hu KQ, Smith DE, Wang XD. Tobacco carcinogen induces both lung cancer and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinomas in ferrets which can be attenuated by lycopene supplementation. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1171-81. [PMID: 27116542 PMCID: PMC5085066 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Early epidemiologic studies have reported that tobacco smoking, which is causally associated with liver cancer, is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Lycopene from tomatoes has been shown to be a potential preventive agent against NAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we investigated whether the tobacco carcinogen 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) induces lesions in both lungs and livers of ferrets with or without lycopene intervention. Male ferrets (6 groups, n = 8-10) were treated either with NNK (50 mg/kg BW, i.p., once a month for four consecutive months) or saline with or without dietary lycopene supplementation (2.2 and 6.6 mg/kg BW/day, respectively) for 26 weeks. Results demonstrate that NNK exposure results in higher incidences of lung tumors, HCC and steatohepatitis (which is characterized by severe inflammatory cell infiltration with concurrent fat accumulation in liver, hepatocellular ballooning degeneration and increased NF-κB expression), as well as elevations in bilirubin and AST levels in ferrets. Lycopene supplementation at two doses prevented NNK-induced expressions of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the lung and NF-κB and CYP2E1 in the liver and attenuated the NNK-induced mortality and pathological lesions in both the lungs and livers of ferrets. The present study provided strong experimental evidence that the tobacco carcinogen NNK can induce both HCC and steatohepatitis in the ferrets and can be a useful model for studying tobacco carcinogen-associated NAFLD and liver cancer. Furthermore, lycopene could provide potential benefits against smoke carcinogen-induced pulmonary and hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Aizawa
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Research & Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanyuan Tang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudipta Veeramachaneni
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kang-Quan Hu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald E. Smith
- Comparative Biology Unit, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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43
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Qamar TR, Syed F, Nasir M, Rehman H, Zahid MN, Liu RH, Iqbal S. Novel Combination of Prebiotics Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Inulin-Inhibited Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation and Biomarkers of Colon Cancer in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2016; 8:E465. [PMID: 27490566 PMCID: PMC4997378 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The selectivity and beneficial effects of prebiotics are mainly dependent on composition and glycosidic linkage among monosaccharide units. This is the first study to use prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) that contains β-1,6 and β-1,3 glycosidic linkages and the novel combination of GOS and inulin in cancer prevention. The objective of the present study is to explore the role of novel GOS and inulin against various biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in a 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH)-induced rodent model. Prebiotic treatments of combined GOS and inulin (57 mg each), as well as individual doses (GOS: 76-151 mg; inulin 114 mg), were given to DMH-treated animals for 16 weeks. Our data reveal the significant preventive effect of the GOS and inulin combination against the development of CRC. It was observed that inhibition of ACF formation (55.8%) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher using the GOS and inulin combination than GOS (41.4%) and inulin (51.2%) treatments alone. This combination also rendered better results on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bacterial enzymatic activities. Dose-dependent effects of prebiotic treatments were also observed on cecum and fecal bacterial enzymes and on SCFA. Thus, this study demonstrated that novel combination of GOS and inulin exhibited stronger preventive activity than their individual treatments alone, and can be a promising strategy for CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasool Qamar
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Syed
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nasir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Habib Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nauman Zahid
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Sanaullah Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
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44
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Lu L, Chen J, Tang H, Bai L, Lu C, Wang K, Li M, Yan Y, Tang L, Wu R, Ye Y, Jin L, Liang Z. EGCG Suppresses ERK5 Activation to Reverse Tobacco Smoke-Triggered Gastric Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in BALB/c Mice. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070380. [PMID: 27447666 PMCID: PMC4963860 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is an important risk factor of gastric cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a crucial pathophysiological process in cancer development. ERK5 regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition may be sensitive to cell types and/or the cellular microenvironment and its role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process remain elusive. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a promising chemopreventive agent for several types of cancers. In the present study we investigated the regulatory role of ERK5 in tobacco smoke-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the stomach of mice and the preventive effect of EGCG. Exposure of mice to tobacco smoke for 12 weeks reduced expression of epithelial markers E-cadherin, ZO-1, and CK5, while the expression of mesenchymal markers Snail-1, Vimentin, and N-cadherin were increased. Importantly, we demonstrated that ERK5 modulated tobacco smoke-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mice stomach, as evidenced by the findings that tobacco smoke elevated ERK5 activation, and that tobacco smoke-triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition was reversed by ERK5 inhibition. Treatment of EGCG (100 mg/kg BW) effectively attenuated tobacco smoke-triggered activation of ERK5 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition alterations in mice stomach. Collectively, these data suggested that ERK5 was required for tobacco smoke-triggered gastric epithelial-mesenchymal transition and that EGCG suppressed ERK5 activation to reverse tobacco smoke-triggered gastric epithelial-mesenchymal transition in BALB/c mice. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of tobacco smoke-associated gastric tumorigenesis and the chemoprevention of tobacco smoke-associated gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- Zhenjiang Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- Zhenjiang Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Hua Tang
- Zhenjiang Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Ling Bai
- Zhenjiang Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Chun Lu
- Zhenjiang Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Kehuan Wang
- Zhenjiang Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Manli Li
- Zhenjiang Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Yinmei Yan
- Zhenjiang Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Ling Tang
- Zhenjiang Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Rui Wu
- Zhenjiang Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Longtao Jin
- Zhenjiang Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Liang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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45
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Shukla Y, Srivastava B, Arora A, Chauhan LKS. Protective effects of indole-3-carbinol on cyclophosphamide-induced clastogenecity in mouse bone marrow cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 23:245-50. [PMID: 15222402 DOI: 10.1191/0960327104ht441oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is present in many cruciferous vegetables and is known to possess protective properties against chemically induced toxicity and carcinogenesis. In the present study, the antimutagenic potential of I3C has been evaluated using in vivo chromosomal aberration (CA) assay as a cytogenetic end point. Chromosomal analysis was carried out in mouse bone marrow cells following administration of I3C (5 mg/kg; i.p.) for 5 consecutive days. Cyclophosphamide (CP), a well known mutagen, was given at two dose levels of 25 mg/kg b.wt. and 100 mg/kg b.wt., respectively, 24 hours prior to the last dose of I3C. Two groups of five mice each were also injected with CP (25 or 100 mg/kg b.wt.) alone whereas for the vehicle control a group of mice was injected with normal saline only. The results revealed a significant inhibition in the frequencies of CP-induced CAs and aberrant cells in bone marrow cells of I3C-supplemented Swiss albino mice. The antimutagenic potential of I3C towards CP was also evident as the status of mitotic index (MI) was found to show an increment. This study revealed the antigenotoxic potential of I3C against CP- induced chromosomal mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeshwer Shukla
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, M.G. Marg PO Box. No. 80, Lucknow 226 001, India.
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46
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Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhou T, Zheng J, Li S, Li HB. Dietary Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Liver Cancer. Nutrients 2016; 8:156. [PMID: 26978396 PMCID: PMC4808884 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the most common malignancy of the digestive system with high death rate. Accumulating evidences suggests that many dietary natural products are potential sources for prevention and treatment of liver cancer, such as grapes, black currant, plum, pomegranate, cruciferous vegetables, French beans, tomatoes, asparagus, garlic, turmeric, ginger, soy, rice bran, and some edible macro-fungi. These dietary natural products and their active components could affect the development and progression of liver cancer in various ways, such as inhibiting tumor cell growth and metastasis, protecting against liver carcinogens, immunomodulating and enhancing effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. This review summarizes the potential prevention and treatment activities of dietary natural products and their major bioactive constituents on liver cancer, and discusses possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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47
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Meyskens FL, Mukhtar H, Rock CL, Cuzick J, Kensler TW, Yang CS, Ramsey SD, Lippman SM, Alberts DS. Cancer Prevention: Obstacles, Challenges and the Road Ahead. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djv309. [PMID: 26547931 PMCID: PMC4907357 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approaches to reduce the global burden of cancer include two major strategies: screening and early detection and active preventive intervention. The latter is the topic of this Commentary and spans a broad range of activities. The genetic heterogeneity and complexity of advanced cancers strongly support the rationale for early interruption of the carcinogenic process and an enhanced focus on prevention as a priority strategy to reduce the burden of cancer; however, the focus of cancer prevention management should be on individuals at high risk and on primary localized disease in which screening and detection should also play a vital role. The timing and dose of (chemo-)preventive intervention also affects response. The intervention may be ineffective if the target population is very high risk or already presenting with preneoplastic lesions with cellular changes that cannot be reversed. The field needs to move beyond general concepts of carcinogenesis to targeted organ site prevention approaches in patients at high risk, as is currently being done for breast and colorectal cancers. Establishing the benefit of new cancer preventive interventions will take years and possibly decades, depending on the outcome being evaluated. We also propose that comparative effectiveness research designs and the value of information obtained from large-scale prevention studies are necessary in order for preventive interventions to become a routine part of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank L Meyskens
- Biological Chemistry, Public Health, and Epidemiology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine - University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA (FLMJr); Arizona Board of Regents Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, Public Health, Nutritional Sciences & BIO5, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Skin Cancer Institute, Tucson, AZ (DSA); Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and Head, Centre for Cancer Prevention; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK (JC); Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (TWK); Moores Cancer Center (SML) and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CLR), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA (SML); Dermatology Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI (HM); Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (SDR); Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (CSY).
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Biological Chemistry, Public Health, and Epidemiology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine - University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA (FLMJr); Arizona Board of Regents Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, Public Health, Nutritional Sciences & BIO5, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Skin Cancer Institute, Tucson, AZ (DSA); Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and Head, Centre for Cancer Prevention; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK (JC); Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (TWK); Moores Cancer Center (SML) and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CLR), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA (SML); Dermatology Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI (HM); Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (SDR); Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (CSY)
| | - Cheryl L Rock
- Biological Chemistry, Public Health, and Epidemiology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine - University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA (FLMJr); Arizona Board of Regents Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, Public Health, Nutritional Sciences & BIO5, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Skin Cancer Institute, Tucson, AZ (DSA); Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and Head, Centre for Cancer Prevention; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK (JC); Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (TWK); Moores Cancer Center (SML) and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CLR), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA (SML); Dermatology Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI (HM); Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (SDR); Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (CSY)
| | - Jack Cuzick
- Biological Chemistry, Public Health, and Epidemiology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine - University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA (FLMJr); Arizona Board of Regents Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, Public Health, Nutritional Sciences & BIO5, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Skin Cancer Institute, Tucson, AZ (DSA); Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and Head, Centre for Cancer Prevention; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK (JC); Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (TWK); Moores Cancer Center (SML) and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CLR), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA (SML); Dermatology Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI (HM); Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (SDR); Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (CSY)
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Biological Chemistry, Public Health, and Epidemiology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine - University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA (FLMJr); Arizona Board of Regents Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, Public Health, Nutritional Sciences & BIO5, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Skin Cancer Institute, Tucson, AZ (DSA); Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and Head, Centre for Cancer Prevention; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK (JC); Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (TWK); Moores Cancer Center (SML) and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CLR), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA (SML); Dermatology Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI (HM); Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (SDR); Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (CSY)
| | - Chung S Yang
- Biological Chemistry, Public Health, and Epidemiology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine - University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA (FLMJr); Arizona Board of Regents Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, Public Health, Nutritional Sciences & BIO5, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Skin Cancer Institute, Tucson, AZ (DSA); Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and Head, Centre for Cancer Prevention; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK (JC); Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (TWK); Moores Cancer Center (SML) and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CLR), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA (SML); Dermatology Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI (HM); Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (SDR); Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (CSY)
| | - Scott D Ramsey
- Biological Chemistry, Public Health, and Epidemiology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine - University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA (FLMJr); Arizona Board of Regents Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, Public Health, Nutritional Sciences & BIO5, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Skin Cancer Institute, Tucson, AZ (DSA); Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and Head, Centre for Cancer Prevention; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK (JC); Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (TWK); Moores Cancer Center (SML) and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CLR), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA (SML); Dermatology Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI (HM); Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (SDR); Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (CSY)
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Biological Chemistry, Public Health, and Epidemiology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine - University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA (FLMJr); Arizona Board of Regents Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, Public Health, Nutritional Sciences & BIO5, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Skin Cancer Institute, Tucson, AZ (DSA); Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and Head, Centre for Cancer Prevention; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK (JC); Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (TWK); Moores Cancer Center (SML) and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CLR), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA (SML); Dermatology Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI (HM); Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (SDR); Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (CSY)
| | - David S Alberts
- Biological Chemistry, Public Health, and Epidemiology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine - University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA (FLMJr); Arizona Board of Regents Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology, Public Health, Nutritional Sciences & BIO5, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Skin Cancer Institute, Tucson, AZ (DSA); Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and Head, Centre for Cancer Prevention; Centre for Cancer Prevention, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK (JC); Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (TWK); Moores Cancer Center (SML) and Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CLR), UC San Diego, San Diego, CA (SML); Dermatology Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI (HM); Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (SDR); Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ (CSY)
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Mizutani N, Omori Y, Kawamoto Y, Sobue S, Ichihara M, Suzuki M, Kyogashima M, Nakamura M, Tamiya-Koizumi K, Nozawa Y, Murate T. Resveratrol-induced transcriptional up-regulation of ASMase (SMPD1) of human leukemia and cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:851-6. [PMID: 26809095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a plant-derived phytoalexin present in plants, whose pleiotropic effects for health benefits have been previously reported. Its anti-cancer activity is among the current topics for novel cancer treatment. Here, effects of RSV on cell proliferation and the sphingolipid metabolism of K562, a human leukemia cell line, were analyzed. Some experiments were also performed in HCT116, a human colon cancer cell line. RSV inhibited cell proliferation of both cell lines. Increased cellular ceramide and decreased sphingomyelin and S1P by RSV were observed in RSV-treated K562 cells. Further analysis revealed that acid sphingomyelinase mRNA and enzyme activity levels were increased by RSV. Desipramine, a functional ASMase inhibitor, prevented RSV-induced ceramide increase. RSV increased ATF3, EGR1, EGR3 proteins and phosphorylated c-Jun and FOXO3. However, co-transfection using these transcription factor expression vectors and ASMase promoter reporter vector revealed positive effects of EGR1 and EGR3 but not others. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated the direct binding of EGR1/3 transcription factors with ASMase 5'-promoter. These results indicate that increased EGR1/3 and ASMase expression play an important role in cellular ceramide increase by RSV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Mizutani
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yukari Omori
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Sayaka Sobue
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | | | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kyogashima
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Drug Information, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | - Takashi Murate
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.
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49
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Gulbake A, Jain A, Jain A, Jain A, Jain SK. Insight to drug delivery aspects for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:582-599. [PMID: 26811609 PMCID: PMC4716061 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed worldwide in human beings. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies are the conventional four approaches which are currently used for the treatment of CRC. The site specific delivery of chemotherapeutics to their site of action would increase effectiveness with reducing side effects. Targeted oral drug delivery systems based on polysaccharides are being investigated to target and deliver chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents directly to colon and rectum. Site-specific drug delivery to colon increases its concentration at the target site, and thus requires a lower dose and hence abridged side effects. Some novel therapies are also briefly discussed in article such as receptor (epidermal growth factor receptor, folate receptor, wheat germ agglutinin, VEGF receptor, hyaluronic acid receptor) based targeting therapy; colon targeted proapoptotic anticancer drug delivery system, gene therapy. Even though good treatment options are available for CRC, the ultimate therapeutic approach is to avert the incidence of CRC. It was also found that CRCs could be prevented by diet and nutrition such as calcium, vitamin D, curcumin, quercetin and fish oil supplements. Immunotherapy and vaccination are used nowadays which are showing better results against CRC.
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50
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Reungpatthanaphong S, Chaiyasut C, Sirilun S, Suwannalert P. Unpolished Thai Rice Prevents Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation through the Invovement of ?catenin and COX2 Expression in AzoxymethaneTreated Rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:3551-3558. [PMID: 27510008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, with chronic inflammation and diet as major causes in its development. Chemopreventive effects of natural dietary products have been the focus of studies for prevention over the past decade. This study was conducted to determine the effects of unpolished Thai rice during precancerous stage through the involvement of ?catenin, cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) expression and inflammatory cytokines focusing on azoxymethane (AOM)induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF)related to CRC. Male Sprague Dawley rats received two injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) at weeks 4 and 5 while rats were treated with 20% or 70% unpolished Thai rice. The rats were sacrificed at week 38 and the colons removed for aberrant crypt foci (ACF) identification. Histopathologic changes, immunohistochemical analysis of ?catenin and COX2 expression, and cytokine expression of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory markers were determined. The administration of unpolished Thai rice significantly and dose dependently decreased the total number of ACF and the percentages of ACF with highgrade dysplasia. Interestingly, unpolished Thai rice suppressed the expression of βcatenin and COX2. In addition, it also altered proinflammatory (IL6 and IFNγ) and antiinflammatory (IL 10) markers. The results suggested that unpolished Thai rice may provide a promising dietary intake for prevention during precancerous stage of CRC development, through the involvement of βcatenin and COX2 expression, and also modulate inflammatory cytokinesrelated to CRC.
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