1
|
Bamba C, Rohilla M, Kumari A, Kaur A, Srivastava P. Influence of forkhead box protein 3 gene polymorphisms in recurrent pregnancy loss: A meta-analysis. Placenta 2024; 146:79-88. [PMID: 38198891 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treg cells play an important role in development of tolerance in maternal immune system against the semi-allogenic embryo. Human forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) gene, is the major transcription factor responsible for the regulation of Treg function during pregnancy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FOXP3 gene have been reported as a risk factor for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL), however, results from previous studies are inconsistent. METHODOLOGY We have collected data from different studies to investigate the overall association of FOXP3 SNPs with risk of RPL. PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify eligible studies. Odds Ratio (OR) and 95 % Confidence Interval (CI), calculated via fixed effect or random effect models, were used to evaluate strength of association. This meta-analysis included 11 studies (1383 RPL cases and 1413 controls) of 6 SNPs: rs3761548 A/C, rs2232365 A/G, rs2294021 T/C, 2280883 T/C, rs5902434del/ATT and rs141704699C/T, with ≥2 studies per SNPs and at least 1 significant result. RESULTS We observed that FOXP3 polymorphism was predominantly present in Asian women with history of RPL. rs2232365 A/G, rs3761548 A/C, rs2294021 T/C, rs2280883 T/C and rs5902434del/ATT polymorphisms were significantly associated with risk of RPL in Indian population. Further, among the most commonly seen polymorphism, rs3761548 A/C was significantly associated with risk of RPL in women from Kazakhstan, China and Gaza, Palestine; rs2232365 A/G in populations of Kazakhstan, Egypt, Iran and Gaza, Palestine. Results of this study indicates that FOXP3 polymorphism is significantly associated with risk of RPL, especially in Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Bamba
- Genetic Metabolic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Minakshi Rohilla
- Department of Obstetric & Gynaecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anu Kumari
- Genetic Metabolic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anupriya Kaur
- Genetic Metabolic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Genetic Metabolic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahase E. Uyghurs: World Medical Association calls on Chinese association to acknowledge abuse. BMJ 2023; 383:2374. [PMID: 37827540 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
|
3
|
Ahn HJ. Potential Errors in Health Disparities Research Resulting from Lack of Unique Patient Identifiers: Analysis of Diabetes-related Preventable Hospitalizations. Hawaii J Health Soc Welf 2023; 82:111-116. [PMID: 37901669 PMCID: PMC10612426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
All-payer, population-level hospital discharge data have been used to identify health disparities across racial/ethnic and other demographic groups. However, researchers are often unable to identify unique patients in the data sets if a unique patient identifier is not provided. The lack of the unique patient identifier can result in biased estimates of research outcomes using discharge data. This could then mislead the researchers, public, or policy-makers who utilize such biased results. This study examined estimation bias of health disparities due to rehospitalizations considering diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations using 6 years of state-level data from Hawai'i Health Information Corporation. Different analyses methods showed different probabilities of having multiple visits by age, race/ethnicity and payer subgroups. Charge analysis results also showed that ignoring the multiple visits could result in significance error. For a patient with multiple hospitalizations, rehospitalizations are often dependent upon the discharge status of previous visits, and the independence assumption of the multiple visits may not be appropriate. Ignoring the multiple visits in population-level analyses could result in severe health disparities significance errors. In this hospitalization charge analysis, the Chinese group was not significantly different than the White group (relative risk ratio - RR: [95% CI]: 0.93 [0.80, 1.08]), while the difference was signficant (RR [95% CI]: 0.86 [0.77,0.96]) when the multiple visits were ignored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jun Ahn
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim MJ, Kim B, Lee H, Lee JS, Chae SW, Shin HS, Cho SI, Kim SY, Moon J, Lim BC, Ko JM, Chae JH, Park SS, Seong MW. The Korean Genetic Diagnosis Program for Rare Disease Phase II: outcomes of a 6-year national project. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:1147-1153. [PMID: 37414863 PMCID: PMC10545669 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Korean Genetic Diagnosis Program for Rare Disease (KGDP) enrolled 1890 patients with rare diseases between March 2017 and October 2022. Children and adolescents accounted for the majority of the patients, and systemic disease was the most common presenting symptom. The exome-based virtual disease-specific multigene panel was the most frequently used analytical method, with an overall diagnostic yield of 33.3%. A total of 629 positive cases were diagnosed, involving 297 genes. All 297 genes identified in these cases were confirmed to be known genes listed in the OMIM database. The nationwide KGDP network and its cooperation with the Korean Undiagnosed Diseases Program (KUDP) provide a more comprehensive genetic analysis of undiagnosed cases. The partnership between the KGDP and KUDP has the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment options for patients. In conclusion, KGDP serves as the primary access point or gateway to KUDP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Jin Kim
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heerah Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Soo Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Won Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Seob Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Im Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jangsup Moon
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chan Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Sup Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Davis J, Taira DA, Lim E, Chen J. Modeling Poverty and Health for Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander and Asian Ethnic Populations. Hawaii J Health Soc Welf 2023; 82:77-83. [PMID: 37901660 PMCID: PMC10612419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
This study examined differences in poverty and health among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) and 6 disaggregated Asian ethnic subgroups and an aggregated Other Asian category. Participants were followed longitudinally for 2 years using data from 2009 to 2019 from the Current Population Survey, a monthly survey conducted by the Census Bureau. Having 2 years of data enabled the study to assess both prevalence of poverty and fair/poor health in only 1 of the 2 years and in both years. For NHPI, 13.5% were in poverty 1of the 2 years and 7.1% in both years. Asian ethnicities showed high variability ranging from a low of 6.4% for 1 year and 1.9% for 2 years among Asian Indians to 16.0% for 1 year and 6.3% for 2 years among Vietnamese. Fair/poor health also showed ethnic variability, made most apparent after age-sex adjustment in regression models. For poverty, after adjustment, Asian Indians, Filipinos and Japanese had significantly lower odds of being in poverty at least 1 year than NHPI. For having fair/poor health, Asian Indians and Japanese experienced lower odds than NHPI for both 1 and 2 years and Filipinos for 1 year, after age/sex adjustment. The results emphasize the diversity of Asian and Pacific Islander populations, the variability of poverty over time, and the importance of using disaggregated data to understand ethnic differences in poverty and health. These findings can be used to inform future modeling of social determinants on poverty and health among NHPI and Asian subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Davis
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (JD, EL, JC)
| | - Deborah A. Taira
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hilo, HI (DAT)
| | - Eunjung Lim
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (JD, EL, JC)
| | - John Chen
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (JD, EL, JC)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ishikawa KM, Matsunaga M, Ahn HJ, Siriwardhana C, Chen JJ. Age and Sex Distributions of 31 Common Racial Groups in Hawai'i: A Shiny Web Application. Hawaii J Health Soc Welf 2023; 82:89-96. [PMID: 37901668 PMCID: PMC10612410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Hawai'i is the most ethnically diverse state with the highest proportion of multiracial individuals in the United States. The Stepwise Proportional Weighting Algorithm (SPWA) was developed to bridge the categorization of multiracial Census data into single-race population estimates for common races in Hawai'i. However, these estimates have not been publicly available. A Shiny web application, the Hawai'i Single-Race Categorization Tool, was developed as a user friendly research tool to obtain the age and sex distributions of single-race estimates for common racial groups in Hawai'i. The Categorization Tool implements the SPWA and presents the results in tabular and graphic formats, stratified by sex and age. It also allows the categorization of partial Native Hawaiians as Native Hawaiians in the population estimation. Using this tool, the current paper reports population estimates and distributions for 31 common racial groups using Hawai'i Census 2010 data. Among the major Census races, Asian had the largest population (631 881; 46.5%) in Hawai'i, followed by White (431 635; 31.7%) and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (227 588; 16.7%). Among Census detailed races within Asian, Filipino had the largest population estimate (244 730; 18.0%), followed by Japanese (227 165; 16.7%) and Chinese (103 600; 7.6%). Native Hawaiian accounted for 12.3% of the Hawai'i population (166 944). After recategorizing part-Native Hawaiians as Native Hawaiians, Native Hawaiian increased by 150.0%, with the greatest increase among the young. This publicly available tool would be valuable for race-related resource allocation, policy development, and health disparities research in Hawai'i.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Ishikawa
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘I, Honolulu, HI
| | - Masako Matsunaga
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘I, Honolulu, HI
| | - Hyeong Jun Ahn
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘I, Honolulu, HI
| | - Chathura Siriwardhana
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘I, Honolulu, HI
| | - John J. Chen
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘I, Honolulu, HI
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang DH, Justen M, Lee D, Kim H, Boatright D, Desai M, Tiyyagura G. Experiences with Racism Among Asian American Medical Students. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2333067. [PMID: 37695582 PMCID: PMC10495868 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.33067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Asian American physicians have experienced a dual pandemic of racism and COVID-19 since 2020; understanding how racism has affected the learning environment of Asian American medical students is necessary to inform strategies to promoting a more inclusive medical school environment and a diverse and inclusive workforce. While prior research has explored the influence of anti-Asian racism on the experiences of Asian American health care workers, to our knowledge there are no studies investigating how racism has impacted the training experiences of Asian American medical students. Objective To characterize how Asian American medical students have experienced anti-Asian racism in a medical school learning environment. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study included online video interviews of Asian American medical students performed between July 29, 2021, and August 22, 2022. Eligible participants were recruited through the Asian Pacific American Medical Students Association and snowball sampling, and the sample represented a disaggregated population of Asian Americans and all 4 medical school years. Main Outcomes and Measures The medical school experiences of Asian American medical students. Results Among 25 participants, Asian ethnicities included 8 Chinese American (32%), 5 Korean American (20%), 5 Indian American (20%), 3 Vietnamese American (12%), 2 Filipino American (8%), and 1 (4%) each Nepalese, Pakistani, and Desi American; 16 (64%) were female. Participants described 5 major themes concerning their experience with discrimination: (1) invisibility as racial aggression (eg, "It took them the whole first year to be able to tell me apart from the other Asian guy"); (2) visibility and racial aggression ("It transitioned from these series of microaggressions that every Asian person felt to actual aggression"); (3) absence of the Asian American experience in medical school ("They're not going to mention Asian Americans at all"); (4) ignored while seeking support ("I don't know what it means to have this part of my identity supported"); and (5) envisioning the future. Conclusions and Relevance In this qualitative study, Asian American medical students reported feeling invisible within medical school while a target of anti-Asian racism. Addressing these unique challenges related to anti-Asian racism is necessary to promote a more inclusive medical school learning environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H. Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marissa Justen
- Yale University School of Medicine, Hew Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dana Lee
- Yale University School of Medicine, Hew Haven, Connecticut
| | - Heeryoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Middlesex Hospital, Middletown, Connecticut
| | - Dowin Boatright
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Miraj Desai
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gunjan Tiyyagura
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tan CC, Lim D, Mohd Hisham NQ, Elias NA, Azli AS, Goh YC. Clinicopathological correlation of oral candidiasis - Our experience in a tertiary centre over two decades. Malays J Pathol 2023; 45:237-246. [PMID: 37658533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections that has been widely reported around the world. In Malaysia, the available studies for this infection are scarce. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a 20-year retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence, demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, and the association of oral candidiasis with clinical parameters in oral candidiasis cases reported in the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya from 1999 until 2019. A total of 12,964 histopathological records from the Oral Pathology Diagnostic and Research Laboratory (OPDRL) between 1999 to 2019 were retrieved. Oral candidiasis cases were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information of interest was obtained and analysed. RESULTS From the total records retrieved, 378 oral candidiasis cases were recorded and 82.8% were diagnosed from smear test. This study showed that oral candidiasis was predominantly reported in female (64.2%) and Indian population (64.2%). The peak incidence was in the sixth decades of life (27.0%). The most commonly affected site was tongue and coated tongue was the most common clinical presentation. More than 50% of the cases had comorbidity and 10.6% were associated with dentures. Ethnicity and site of occurrence were significantly associated (p<0.05) with oral candidiasis. CONCLUSION This is the first large-scale study of oral candidiasis cases in Malaysia. The findings of this study are useful for clinical assessment of patients suspected of oral candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Tan
- Universiti Malaya, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D Lim
- Universiti Malaya, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Q Mohd Hisham
- Universiti Malaya, Faculty of Dentistry, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N A Elias
- Universiti Malaya, Faculty of Dentistry, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A S Azli
- Universiti Malaya, Faculty of Dentistry, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y C Goh
- Universiti Malaya, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaniecki M, Novak NL, Gao S, Harlow S, Stern AM. Operationalizing racialized exposures in historical research on anti-Asian racism and health: a comparison of two methods. Front Public Health 2023; 11:983434. [PMID: 37483944 PMCID: PMC10359498 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.983434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Addressing contemporary anti-Asian racism and its impacts on health requires understanding its historical roots, including discriminatory restrictions on immigration, citizenship, and land ownership. Archival secondary data such as historical census records provide opportunities to quantitatively analyze structural dynamics that affect the health of Asian immigrants and Asian Americans. Census data overcome weaknesses of other data sources, such as small sample size and aggregation of Asian subgroups. This article explores the strengths and limitations of early twentieth-century census data for understanding Asian Americans and structural racism. Methods We used California census data from three decennial census spanning 1920-1940 to compare two criteria for identifying Asian Americans: census racial categories and Asian surname lists (Chinese, Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Filipino) that have been validated in contemporary population data. This paper examines the sensitivity and specificity of surname classification compared to census-designated "color or race" at the population level. Results Surname criteria were found to be highly specific, with each of the five surname lists having a specificity of over 99% for all three census years. The Chinese surname list had the highest sensitivity (ranging from 0.60-0.67 across census years), followed by the Indian (0.54-0.61) and Japanese (0.51-0.62) surname lists. Sensitivity was much lower for Korean (0.40-0.45) and Filipino (0.10-0.21) surnames. With the exception of Indian surnames, the sensitivity values of surname criteria were lower for the 1920-1940 census data than those reported for the 1990 census. The extent of the difference in sensitivity and trends across census years vary by subgroup. Discussion Surname criteria may have lower sensitivity in detecting Asian subgroups in historical data as opposed to contemporary data as enumeration procedures for Asians have changed across time. We examine how the conflation of race, ethnicity, and nationality in the census could contribute to low sensitivity of surname classification compared to census-designated "color or race." These results can guide decisions when operationalizing race in the context of specific research questions, thus promoting historical quantitative study of Asian American experiences. Furthermore, these results stress the need to situate measures of race and racism in their specific historical context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kaniecki
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole Louise Novak
- College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Public Policy Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Sarah Gao
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sioban Harlow
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Alexandra Minna Stern
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen YM, Xu P, Wang ZT, Zhu YM, Gong CM, Huang CH, Liu XL, Zhou JC. Polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene and Sex-Differential Associations with Lipid Profiles in Chinese Han Adults. Biomed Environ Sci 2022; 35:115-125. [PMID: 35197176 DOI: 10.3967/bes2022.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D receptor gene ( VDR) with circulating lipids considering gender differences. METHODS Of the Han Chinese adults recruited from a health examination center for inclusion in the study, the circulating lipids, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and other parameters were measured. The VDR SNPs of Cdx2 (rs11568820), Fok1 (rs2228570), Apa1 (rs7975232), and Taq1 (rs731236) were genotyped with a qPCR test using blood DNA samples, and their associations with lipids were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS In the female participants ( n = 236 with dyslipidemia and 888 without dyslipidemia), multiple genotype models of Fok1 indicated a positive correlation of B (not A) alleles with LDLC level ( P < 0.05). In the male participants ( n = 299 with dyslipidemia and 564 without dyslipidemia), the recessive model of Cdx2 and the additive and recessive models of Fok1 differed ( P < 0.05) between the HDLC-classified subgroups, respectively, and Fok1 BB and Cdx2 TT presented interactions with 25OHD in the negative associations with HDLC ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the Chinese Han adults included in the study, the Fok1 B-allele of VDR was associated with higher LDLC in females, and the Fok1 B-allele and the Cdx2 T-allele of VDR were associated with lower HDLC in males. The interaction of VD and Fok1 BB or Cdx2 TT in males synergistically decreased HDLC levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mei Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhou Tian Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Mei Zhu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Mei Gong
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang Hua Huang
- Shenzhen Qilinshan Sanatorium, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Li Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji Chang Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong, China;Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China;Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen S, Zong G, Wu Q, Yun H, Niu Z, Zheng H, Zeng R, Sun L, Lin X. Associations of plasma glycerophospholipid profile with modifiable lifestyles and incident diabetes in middle-aged and older Chinese. Diabetologia 2022; 65:315-328. [PMID: 34800146 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glycerophospholipid (GPL) perturbance was linked to the pathogenesis of diabetes in animal studies but prospective studies in humans are rare, particularly in Asians. We aimed to investigate the associations between plasma GPLs and incident diabetes and to explore effects of lifestyle on the associations in a Chinese population. METHODS The study included 1877 community-dwelling Chinese individuals aged 50-70 years (751 men and 1126 women), free of diabetes at baseline and followed for 6 years. A total of 160 GPL species were quantified in plasma at baseline by using high-throughput targeted lipidomics. Log-Poisson regression was used to assess the associations between GPLs and incidence of diabetes. RESULTS Over the 6 years of follow-up, 499 participants (26.6%) developed diabetes. After multivariable adjustment, eight GPLs were positively associated with incident diabetes (RRper SD 1.13-1.25; all false-discovery rate [FDR]-corrected p < 0.05), including five novel GLPs, namely phosphatidylcholines (PCs; 16:0/18:1, 18:0/16:1, 18:1/20:3), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC; 20:3) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE; 16:0/16:1), and three reported GPLs (PCs 16:0/16:1, 16:0/20:3 and 18:0/20:3). In network analysis, a PC-containing module was positively associated with incident diabetes (RRper SD 1.16 [95% CI 1.06, 1.26]; FDR-corrected p < 0.05). Notably, three of the diabetes-associated PCs (16:0/16:1, 16:0/18:1 and 18:0/16:1) and PE (16:0/16:1) were associated not only with fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway, especially 16:1n-7 (Spearman correlation coefficients = 0.35-0.62, p < 0.001), but also with an unhealthy dietary pattern high in refined grains and low in fish, dairy and soy products (|factor loadings| ≥0.2). When stratified by physical activity levels, the associations of the eight GPLs and the PC module with incident diabetes were stronger in participants with lower physical activity (RRper SD 1.24-1.49, FDR-corrected p < 0.05) than in those with the median and higher physical activity levels (RRper SD 1.03-1.12, FDR-corrected p ≥ 0.05; FDR-corrected pinteraction < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Eight GPLs, especially PCs associated with the DNL pathway, were positively associated with incident diabetes in a cohort of Chinese men and women. The associations were most prominent in participants with a low level of physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Zong
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Yun
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Niu
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - He Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim HY, Lampertico P, Nam JY, Lee HC, Kim SU, Sinn DH, Seo YS, Lee HA, Park SY, Lim YS, Jang ES, Yoon EL, Kim HS, Kim SE, Ahn SB, Shim JJ, Jeong SW, Jung YJ, Sohn JH, Cho YK, Jun DW, Dalekos GN, Idilman R, Sypsa V, Berg T, Buti M, Calleja JL, Goulis J, Manolakopoulos S, Janssen HLA, Jang MJ, Lee YB, Kim YJ, Yoon JH, Papatheodoridis GV, Lee JH. An artificial intelligence model to predict hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Korean and Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2022; 76:311-318. [PMID: 34606915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Several models have recently been developed to predict risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Our aims were to develop and validate an artificial intelligence-assisted prediction model of HCC risk. METHODS Using a gradient-boosting machine (GBM) algorithm, a model was developed using 6,051 patients with CHB who received entecavir or tenofovir therapy from 4 hospitals in Korea. Two external validation cohorts were independently established: Korean (5,817 patients from 14 Korean centers) and Caucasian (1,640 from 11 Western centers) PAGE-B cohorts. The primary outcome was HCC development. RESULTS In the derivation cohort and the 2 validation cohorts, cirrhosis was present in 26.9%-50.2% of patients at baseline. A model using 10 parameters at baseline was derived and showed good predictive performance (c-index 0.79). This model showed significantly better discrimination than previous models (PAGE-B, modified PAGE-B, REACH-B, and CU-HCC) in both the Korean (c-index 0.79 vs. 0.64-0.74; all p <0.001) and Caucasian validation cohorts (c-index 0.81 vs. 0.57-0.79; all p <0.05 except modified PAGE-B, p = 0.42). A calibration plot showed a satisfactory calibration function. When the patients were grouped into 4 risk groups, the minimal-risk group (11.2% of the Korean cohort and 8.8% of the Caucasian cohort) had a less than 0.5% risk of HCC during 8 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This GBM-based model provides the best predictive power for HCC risk in Korean and Caucasian patients with CHB treated with entecavir or tenofovir. LAY SUMMARY Risk scores have been developed to predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B. We developed and validated a new risk prediction model using machine learning algorithms in 13,508 antiviral-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B. Our new model, based on 10 common baseline characteristics, demonstrated superior performance in risk stratification compared with previous risk scores. This model also identified a group of patients at minimal risk of developing HCC, who could be indicated for less intensive HCC surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwi Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pietro Lampertico
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy; CRC "A. M. and A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Joon Yeul Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Chul Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Seok Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Eileen L Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soung Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - George N Dalekos
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ramazan Idilman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vana Sypsa
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Buti
- Hospital General Universitario Vall Hebron and Ciberehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - John Goulis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School, General Hospital of Thessaloniki "Hippokratio", Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spilios Manolakopoulos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Hippokratio", Athens, Greece
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Liver Clinic, Toronto Western & General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Myoung-Jin Jang
- Medical Research Collaboration Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Bin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - George V Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chau NVV, Nguyet LA, Truong NT, Toan LM, Dung NT, Hung LM, Nhan MT, Man DNH, Ngoc NM, Thao HP, Tu TNH, Mai HK, Hung DT, Ny NTH, Thanh LK, Anh NT, Hong NTT, Nhu LNT, Yen LM, Choisy M, Thanh TT, Thwaites G, Tan LV. Immunogenicity of Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine in Vietnamese Health-Care Workers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:556-561. [PMID: 34996048 PMCID: PMC8832887 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the immunogenicity of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in health-care workers of a major infectious diseases hospital in Vietnam. We measured neutralizing antibodies before and 14 days after each dose, and at day 28 and month 3 after dose 1. A total of 554 workers (136 men and 418 women; age range, 22-71 years; median age, 36 years) participated with the study. Of the 144 participants selected for follow-up after dose 1, 104 and 94 gave blood for antibody measurement at weeks 6 and 8, and at month 3 after dose 1, respectively. The window time between the two doses was 6 weeks. At baseline, none had detectable neutralizing antibodies. After dose 1, the proportion of participants with detectable neutralizing antibodies increased from 27.3% (151 of 554) at day 14 to 78.0% (432 of 554) at day 28. Age correlated negatively with the development and the levels of neutralizing antibodies. However, at day 28, these differences were less profound, and women had a greater seroconversion rate and greater levels of neutralizing antibodies than men. After dose 2, these age and gender associations were not observable. In addition, the proportion of study participants with detectable neutralizing antibodies increased from 70.2% (73 of 104) before dose 2 (week 6, after dose 1) to 98.1% (102 of 104) 14 days later. At month 3, neutralizing antibodies decreased and 94.7% (89 of 94) of the study participants remained seropositive. The Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is immunogenic in Vietnamese health-care workers. These data are critical to informing the deployment of the COVID-19 vaccine in Vietnam and in Southeast Asia, where vaccination coverage remains inadequate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lam Anh Nguyet
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Le Mau Toan
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Le Manh Hung
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mai Thanh Nhan
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Nghiem My Ngoc
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Le Kim Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen To Anh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Lam Minh Yen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Marc Choisy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tran Tan Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Institute of Pasteur, Nha Trang City, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Tan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen X, Zha S, Shui TJ. Presenting symptoms of leprosy at diagnosis: Clinical evidence from a cross-sectional, population-based study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009913. [PMID: 34813585 PMCID: PMC8610243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leprosy is associated with different dermatologic and neurologic manifestations within a wide clinical spectrum, causing a great diagnostic challenge. Therefore, we aimed to examine associations between common presenting symptoms of leprosy and stage at diagnosis. Methodology/Principal findings In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed population-level data from the Leprosy Management Information System (LEPMIS) in Yunnan, China, from 2010–2020 and enrolled patients with newly detected leprosy. The data of 2125 newly detected leprosy patients, with 5000 symptoms, were analyzed. Numbness (828/5000, 16.56%), erythema (802/5000, 16.04%), Painless nor pruritic skin lesions (651/5000, 13.02%), eyebrow hair loss (467/5000, 9.34%), and tubercles (442/5000, 8.84%) were common symptoms of leprosy. The symptoms related to skin (1935/2533, 76.39%) and leprosy reaction (279/297, 93.94%) were mainly existed in MB group. While the symptoms related to disability (263/316, 83.49%), clinical feature (38/56, 69.09%), and facial features (19/23, 82.61%) were predominantly presented in delayed diagnostic group. Despite low proportions, formic sensation (99/5000, 1.98%), pain (92/5000, 1.84%), pruritus (56/5000, 1.12%), finger contracture (109/5000, 2.18%), muscle atrophy (71/5000, 1.42%), and motor dysfunction (18/5000, 0.36%) were reported during the diagnosis of leprosy. The proportions of skin, skin and nerve, and nerve symptoms as initial symptoms were 33.25%, 44.95%, and 21.80% and as only symptoms were 28.66%, 57.81%, and 13.91%, respectively. In those with physical disability, nerve symptoms were the most frequent symptoms (57.65% and 65.36% for the initial and only symptoms, respectively) compared with skin and skin and nerve symptoms. In the delayed diagnosis group, nerve symptoms were the most frequent symptoms (15.73% and 17.25%) and were associated with the longest diagnostic intervals (mean±SD: 38.88±46.02 and 40.35±49.36 months for initial and only symptoms, respectively) when compared with skin and skin and nerve symptoms. Conclusions Understanding the nature of presenting symptoms and developing symptom awareness campaigns would improve the level of leprosy awareness in the community. As nerve symptoms were related to a higher proportion of physical disability and longer diagnosis interval, we should increase awareness about nerve symptoms. Individuals with nerve symptoms should be considered the target group. Neurology outpatient visits may provide potential screening opportunities, and holding focused training for specialized neurology medical staff would enhance the capacity of the health system to recognize leprosy early. Early diagnosis is key in leprosy control; however, the diagnosis of leprosy is still challenging. In this study, we reviewed the common and rare symptoms of leprosy. Numbness, erythema, painless nor pruritic skin lesions, eyebrow hair loss, and tubercles were common symptoms of leprosy. Despite low proportions, formic sensation, pain, pruritus, finger contracture, muscle atrophy, and motor dysfunction were also reported by leprosy patients. As initial symptoms at symptom onset and only symptoms at diagnosis, nerve symptoms were associated with a greater degree of physical disability and a longer diagnosis interval than skin and skin and nerve symptoms. Understanding the presenting symptoms in detail would improve the level of leprosy awareness in the community. Increasing awareness of nerve symptoms, focusing on individuals with nerve symptoms at neurology outpatient visits, and holding focused training for medical staff specializing in neurology would enhance the capacity of the health system to recognize leprosy early.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Chen
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Zha
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan, China
| | - Tie-Jun Shui
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Giannakopoulou O, Lin K, Meng X, Su MH, Kuo PH, Peterson RE, Awasthi S, Moscati A, Coleman JRI, Bass N, Millwood IY, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chen HC, Lu ML, Huang MC, Chen CH, Stahl EA, Loos RJF, Mullins N, Ursano RJ, Kessler RC, Stein MB, Sen S, Scott LJ, Burmeister M, Fang Y, Tyrrell J, Jiang Y, Tian C, McIntosh AM, Ripke S, Dunn EC, Kendler KS, Walters RG, Lewis CM, Kuchenbaecker K. The Genetic Architecture of Depression in Individuals of East Asian Ancestry: A Genome-Wide Association Study. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:1258-1269. [PMID: 34586374 PMCID: PMC8482304 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Importance Most previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of depression have used data from individuals of European descent. This limits the understanding of the underlying biology of depression and raises questions about the transferability of findings between populations. Objective To investigate the genetics of depression among individuals of East Asian and European descent living in different geographic locations, and with different outcome definitions for depression. Design, Setting, and Participants Genome-wide association analyses followed by meta-analysis, which included data from 9 cohort and case-control data sets comprising individuals with depression and control individuals of East Asian descent. This study was conducted between January 2019 and May 2021. Exposures Associations of genetic variants with depression risk were assessed using generalized linear mixed models and logistic regression. The results were combined across studies using fixed-effects meta-analyses. These were subsequently also meta-analyzed with the largest published GWAS for depression among individuals of European descent. Additional meta-analyses were carried out separately by outcome definition (clinical depression vs symptom-based depression) and region (East Asian countries vs Western countries) for East Asian ancestry cohorts. Main Outcomes and Measures Depression status was defined based on health records and self-report questionnaires. Results There were a total of 194 548 study participants (approximate mean age, 51.3 years; 62.8% women). Participants included 15 771 individuals with depression and 178 777 control individuals of East Asian descent. Five novel associations were identified, including 1 in the meta-analysis for broad depression among those of East Asian descent: rs4656484 (β = -0.018, SE = 0.003, P = 4.43x10-8) at 1q24.1. Another locus at 7p21.2 was associated in a meta-analysis restricted to geographically East Asian studies (β = 0.028, SE = 0.005, P = 6.48x10-9 for rs10240457). The lead variants of these 2 novel loci were not associated with depression risk in European ancestry cohorts (β = -0.003, SE = 0.005, P = .53 for rs4656484 and β = -0.005, SE = 0.004, P = .28 for rs10240457). Only 11% of depression loci previously identified in individuals of European descent reached nominal significance levels in the individuals of East Asian descent. The transancestry genetic correlation between cohorts of East Asian and European descent for clinical depression was r = 0.413 (SE = 0.159). Clinical depression risk was negatively genetically correlated with body mass index in individuals of East Asian descent (r = -0.212, SE = 0.084), contrary to findings for individuals of European descent. Conclusions and Relevance These results support caution against generalizing findings about depression risk factors across populations and highlight the need to increase the ancestral and geographic diversity of samples with consistent phenotyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Giannakopoulou
- Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mei-Hsin Su
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arden Moscati
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan R. I. Coleman
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Bass
- Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Y. Millwood
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hsi-Chung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eli A. Stahl
- The Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Niamh Mullins
- The Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Robert J. Ursano
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Srijan Sen
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura J. Scott
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yu Fang
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jess Tyrrell
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, The RILD Building, RD&E Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Erin C. Dunn
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Robin G. Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karoline Kuchenbaecker
- Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wulan SN, Raza Q, Prasmita HS, Martati E, Maligan JM, Mageshwari U, Fatima I, Plasqui G. Energy Metabolism in Relation to Diet and Physical Activity: A South Asian Perspective. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113776. [PMID: 34836031 PMCID: PMC8617748 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is on the rise around the world, not only in the West, but also in Asian countries. South Asian countries in particular are experiencing a rapid increase in overweight and obesity, that coexists with the rapid increase in non-communicable diseases linked to obesity such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease than any other country in Asia. The phenomena observed in South Asian countries are due to the size of the population, the ageing of the population, the high degree of urbanization and the lifestyle changes in favor of increased energy consumption and reduced physical activity. The imbalance between energy consumption and energy expenditure results in the development of a positive energy balance that, over time, accumulates in higher body fat. South Asians were reported to have a more unfavorable body composition with a higher percentage of body fat than Caucasians with an equivalent BMI. Body composition is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure. It has been reported that South Asians have a lower resting energy expenditure than Caucasians with the same BMI. Resting energy expenditure accounts for the majority of total daily energy expenditure and, therefore, plays a crucial role in achieving the balance between energy intake and expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti N. Wulan
- Study Program of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia; (H.S.P.); (E.M.); (J.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.W.); (Q.R.); Tel.: +92-30-0247-9044 (Q.R.)
| | - Qaisar Raza
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (S.N.W.); (Q.R.); Tel.: +92-30-0247-9044 (Q.R.)
| | - Hera S. Prasmita
- Study Program of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia; (H.S.P.); (E.M.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Erryana Martati
- Study Program of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia; (H.S.P.); (E.M.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Jaya M. Maligan
- Study Program of Food Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia; (H.S.P.); (E.M.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Uma Mageshwari
- Department of Food Service Management and Dietetics, Faculty of Home Science, Avinashilingham University, Coimbatore 641043, India;
| | - Itrat Fatima
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen Y, Kassam I, Lau SH, Kooner JS, Wilson R, Peters A, Winkelmann J, Chambers JC, Chow VT, Khor CC, van Dam RM, Teo YY, Loh M, Sim X. Impact of BMI and waist circumference on epigenome-wide DNA methylation and identification of epigenetic biomarkers in blood: an EWAS in multi-ethnic Asian individuals. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:195. [PMID: 34670603 PMCID: PMC8527674 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and its related chronic diseases have been increasing especially in Asian countries. Obesity-related genetic variants have been identified, but these explain little of the variation in BMI. Recent studies reported associations between DNA methylation and obesity, mostly in non-Asian populations. METHODS We performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) on general adiposity (body mass index, BMI) and abdominal adiposity (waist circumference, WC) in 409 multi-ethnic Asian individuals and replicated BMI and waist-associated DNA methylation CpGs identified in other populations. The cross-lagged panel model and Mendelian randomization were used to assess the temporal relationship between methylation and BMI. The temporal relationship between the identified CpGs and inflammation and metabolic markers was also examined. RESULTS EWAS identified 116 DNA methylation CpGs independently associated with BMI and eight independently associated with WC at false discovery rate PFDR < 0.05 in 409 Asian samples. We replicated 110 BMI-associated CpGs previously reported in Europeans and identified six novel BMI-associated CpGs and two novel WC-associated CpGs. We observed high consistency in association direction of effect compared to studies in other populations. Causal relationship analyses indicated that BMI was more likely to be the cause of DNA methylation alteration, rather than the consequence. The causal analyses using BMI-associated methylation risk score also suggested that higher levels of the inflammation marker IL-6 were likely the consequence of methylation change. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence of an association between obesity and DNA methylation in multi-ethnic Asians and suggests that obesity can drive methylation change. The results also suggested possible causal influence that obesity-related methylation changes might have on inflammation and lipoprotein levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Irfahan Kassam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suk Hiang Lau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Lehrstuhl Für Neurogenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18, Lee Kong Chian Clinical Science Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent T Chow
- National University Health System Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18, Lee Kong Chian Clinical Science Building, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Tahir Foundation Building, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Lang R, Su L, Yu M, Zhao X, Yang G, Ren Z. Association between breakfast consumption frequency and the risk of irritable bowel syndrome among Chinese female college students: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27541. [PMID: 34731154 PMCID: PMC8519231 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects specific groups of people. The relationship between breakfast consumption frequency and the risk of IBS is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between breakfast consumption frequency and the risk of IBS among Chinese female college students.In this cross-sectional study (n = 706) conducted in October 2018, the frequency of breakfast consumption was categorized as 0 to 3 times/week, 4 to 6 times/week, or daily. IBS was diagnosed according to the Rome III criteria and was based on the presence of abdominal pain or discomfort for at least 3 months during the previous 6 months, with at least 2 or more of the following conditions: changes in frequency or form of stool and/or decrease in pain after defecation. We adjusted for confounding factors, including age, only child (yes or no), parents' educational levels (senior high school or below, college, or postgraduate), parents' marital status (married, widowed, or divorced), smoking status (smoker or nonsmoker), drinking status (drinker or nondrinker), body mass index, and depressive symptoms. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between breakfast frequency and the risk of IBS.Among 706 participants, 23.7% were the only child in their family, and the proportion of parents divorced or widowed was 18.5%. The proportion of fathers and mothers with high school education or above was 93.3% and 96.3%, respectively. The prevalence of IBS among the participants was 17.3% (122/706). Multivariate logistic regressions analysis showed that breakfast consumption frequency is negatively associated with the risk of IBS after adjusting for confounding factors. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for IBS in the breakfast frequency category of 0 to 3 times/week, 4 to 6 times/week, and daily were 1.00 (reference), 0.96 (0.58, 1.60), and 0.45 (0.26, 0.78), respectively (P = .002).Our data revealed that regular breakfast consumption is associated with a lower risk of IBS among Chinese college students. Future cohort and/or interventional studies should be conducted to further explore the association between breakfast consumption frequency and IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Chinese Center of Exercise Epidemiology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- School of Physical Education, Chinese Center of Exercise Epidemiology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Lang
- School of Physical Education, Chinese Center of Exercise Epidemiology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Linxiu Su
- School of Physical Education, Chinese Center of Exercise Epidemiology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Physical Education, Chinese Center of Exercise Epidemiology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhao
- School of Physical Education, Chinese Center of Exercise Epidemiology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Physical Education, Chinese Center of Exercise Epidemiology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongyu Ren
- College of Physical Education, Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, General Administration of Sport of China, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen L, Chen J, Mo F, Bian Z, Jin C, Chen X, Liang C. Genetic Polymorphisms of IFNG, IFNGR1, and Androgen Receptor and Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome in a Chinese Han Population. Dis Markers 2021; 2021:2898336. [PMID: 34646402 PMCID: PMC8505099 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2898336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) refers to a common disorder with unclear etiology and unsatisfactory treatment, which reduces the male's quality of life. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of genetic polymorphisms of IFNG, IFNGR1, and androgen receptor (AR) on CP/CPPS. METHODS The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IFNG, IFNGR1, and AR were genotyped with the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction. The GTEx, RegulomeDB, HaploReg, and 3DSNP databases were adopted to predict the regulatory functions of the genotyped SNPs. The correlation between SNPs and CP/CPPS was analyzed with the χ 2 test, logistic regression, and two genetic models (codominant and log-additive models). The nomogram was built to predict the risk of CP/CPPS occurrence. RESULTS On the whole, 130 CP/CPPS patients and 125 healthy controls were recruited in the study, and 18 SNPs of IFNG, IFNGR1, and AR were genotyped. The results of functional annotation indicated that the 18 genotyped SNPs might have regulatory effects in the whole blood. The rs144488434 was correlated with the elevated CP/CPPS risk (odds ratio (OR): 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-5.13, χ 2 = 5.37, and P = 0.021) by the χ 2 test. In the built genetic models, rs10457655 was correlated with the elevated National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) scores (codominant model: GA/GG: crude mean difference (MD) = 0.98, 95% CI: -1.71-3.67 and AA/GG: crude MD = 9.10, 95% CI: 0.58-17.62, P = 0.10). In subgroup analysis, rs2069718 was correlated with the elevated CP/CPPS risk (log-additive model: crude OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.03-4.64, and P = 0.034) in patients ≥ 35 years. The nomogram integrating age, rs2069718, rs10457655, and rs144488434 showed good performance to predict the risk of CP/CPPS. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms of IFNG, IFNGR1, and AR might act as the genetic factors for CP/CPPS susceptibility, which deserved further explorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
| | - Fan Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
| | - Zichen Bian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
| | - Xianguo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yoshinari M, Hirakawa Y, Hata J, Higashioka M, Honda T, Yoshida D, Mukai N, Nakamura U, Kitazono T, Ninomiya T. Comparison of the contributions of impaired beta cell function and insulin resistance to the development of type 2 diabetes in a Japanese community: the Hisayama Study. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1775-1784. [PMID: 33909115 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Our aim was to compare the contributions of impaired beta cell function (IBF) and insulin resistance with the development of type 2 diabetes in a Japanese community. METHODS A total of 2094 residents aged 40-79 years without diabetes underwent a health examination including a 75 g OGTT in 2007. Participants were divided into four groups according to the presence or absence of IBF (insulinogenic index/HOMA-IR ≤28.5) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥1.61) and were followed up for 7 years (2007-2014). Cox's proportional hazards model was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes. The population attributable fractions (PAFs) due to IBF, insulin resistance, and their combination were calculated. RESULTS At baseline, the prevalence of isolated IBF, isolated insulin resistance, and both IBF and insulin resistance were 5.4%, 24.1% and 9.5%, respectively. During the follow-up period, 272 participants developed type 2 diabetes. The multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) and PAFs (95% CI) for type 2 diabetes were 6.3 (4.3, 9.2) and 13.3% (8.7, 17.7) in the participants with isolated IBF, 1.9 (1.3, 2.7) and 10.5% (4.0, 16.6) in those with isolated insulin resistance, and 8.0 (5.7, 11.4) and 29.3% (23.0, 35.1) in those with both IBF and insulin resistance, respectively, compared with the participants without either. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present study suggests that the combination of IBF and insulin resistance makes the main contribution to the development of type 2 diabetes in Japanese communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Yoshinari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mayu Higashioka
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daigo Yoshida
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Mukai
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Udai Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang A, Shi M, Wu H, Lau ESH, Ma RCW, Kong APS, So WY, Luk AOY, Chan JCN, Chow E. Long-term metformin use and risk of pneumonia and related death in type 2 diabetes: a registry-based cohort study. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1760-1765. [PMID: 33844069 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The long-term effects of metformin in individuals with type 2 diabetes who are at increased risk of severe respiratory infections are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of metformin use on the risk of first pneumonia hospitalisation and pneumonia-related death in a cohort of Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of a consecutive cohort of 22,638 individuals with type 2 diabetes in the Hong Kong Diabetes Register enrolled between 2001 and 2018, with follow-up until 31 December 2019. Overlap propensity-score weighting was performed to balance baseline characteristics. RESULTS Of 22,638 individuals with type 2 diabetes, after excluding those who had not been prescribed any glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) and/or with eGFR ≤30 ml min-1 [1.73 m]-2 or treated by dialysis and/or treated with insulin at baseline, we identified 15,784 either prevalent or incident metformin users and 917 users of other GLDs during a mean follow-up period of 7.5 years. Overlap-weighted analysis showed an HR of 0.63 (95% CI 0.52, 0.77) for first pneumonia hospitalisation and 0.49 (95% CI 0.33, 0.73) for pneumonia-related death in metformin users vs users of other GLDs; similar observations resulted following stratification by sex and kidney function. There was also a negative association between metformin exposure over time (proportion of duration of metformin prescriptions during the total follow-up time) and pneumonia events using the penalised spline analysis. Metformin users had a lower neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio at first pneumonia hospitalisation vs non-metformin users (mean [95% CI]: 12.8 [12.1, 13.5] vs 14.8 [12.3, 17.3], p = 0.032). The rate of metformin-associated lactic acidosis was 2.5 per 100,000 person-years. The lower risk of pneumonia events was also observed among incident metformin users vs other GLD users. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Long-term use of metformin was associated with reduced risk of pneumonia and pneumonia-related death among Chinese individuals with diabetes. The relevance of these results to other respiratory infections merits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Mai Shi
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hongjiang Wu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Eric S H Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing Yee So
- Hong Kong Hospital Authority Head Office, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Andrea O Y Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang B, Cheng J, Wan H, Wang Y, Zhang W, Chen Y, Chen C, Xia F, Jensen MD, Wang N, Lu Y. Early-life exposure to the Chinese famine, genetic susceptibility and the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1766-1774. [PMID: 33885932 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Early famine exposure has been related to the development of type 2 diabetes; however, little is known about whether the genetic background modifies this association. We aimed to investigate the joint effects of famine exposure at different stages of early life and genetic susceptibility on diabetes risk in adulthood. METHODS The study included 8350 participants from the Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China) who were born around the time of the Chinese Great Famine. We determined famine exposure subgroups according to the birth year as nonexposed (1963-1974), fetal-exposed (1959-1962), childhood-exposed (1949-1958), and adolescence-exposed (1941-1948). We developed a genetic risk score of 21 variants previously associated with type 2 diabetes in East Asians. Hierarchical logistic models were used to examine the association of famine exposure and genetic risk with diabetes. RESULTS The age-standardised prevalence of diabetes in nonexposed, fetal-exposed, childhood-exposed and adolescence-exposed subgroups was 13.0%, 18.2%, 15.1% and 13.2%, respectively. Compared with nonexposed participants, fetal-exposed participants showed an increased risk of diabetes in adulthood (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.13, 1.93). A higher genetic risk score was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.15, 1.31 per SD increment). The association between famine exposure and diabetes was consistent across genetic risk strata (all p for interaction >0.05). When considered jointly, fetal- or childhood-exposed participants at high genetic risk (highest tertile of genetic risk score) had 2.60-fold (95% CI 1.71, 3.93) and 1.95-fold (95% CI 1.24, 3.05) higher risks of diabetes, respectively, compared with nonexposed participants at low genetic risk (lowest tertile). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS Prenatal exposure to famine was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults independent of genetic risk score using 21 variants common in the East Asian population. Famine exposure and genetic susceptibility may exhibit an additive effect on diabetes development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, 5-194 Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingli Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Y, Tan YQ, Tang ZX, Liao QH, Guo ZQ, Lai KB, Wang R, Chen YH. Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A with RET mutation p.Cys611Tyr: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26230. [PMID: 34087905 PMCID: PMC8183697 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN2A) is a rare autosomal-dominant genetic syndrome, frequently misdiagnosed or neglected clinically, resulting in delayed therapy to patients. PATIENT CONCERNS A 47-year-old Chinese male patient underwent laparoscopic right adrenal tumorectomy, and postoperative pathology confirmed the tumor as pheochromocytoma (PHEO). He was readmitted to the department of endocrinology and metabolism due to constant increase in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at 5 months after the operation. DIAGNOSIS The patient was confirmed with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), multiple neck lymph node metastasis, and pituitary microadenoma. The p.Cys611Tyr (c.1832G>A, C611Y) mutation was detected. Therefore, he was diagnosed with MEN2A. INTERVENTIONS He underwent total thyroidectomy. The gene-sequencing analysis of his family was conducted, and the C611Y mutation was detected in his daughter. OUTCOMES The level of carcinoembryonic antigen decreased significantly after thyroidectomy in this patient. Long-term follow-up management was conducted. Elevated serum calcitonin and bilateral thyroid nodules were found in his 13-year-old daughter. Thus, MEN2A was highly suspected and she was suggested to undergo total thyroidectomy. CONCLUSION Patients with MEN2A should be screened regularly and managed by a multidisciplinary team.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Q, Zhao J, Chang H, Liu X, Zhu R. Association between lncRNA ANRIL genetic variants with the susceptibility to ischemic stroke: From a case-control study to meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25113. [PMID: 33725991 PMCID: PMC7982178 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported that lncRNA (long noncoding RNAs) antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) plays important roles in the development of atherosclerosis through regulating cell apoptosis, proliferation, and adhesion. GWAS (genome-wide association studies) identified common genetic variants within ANRIL could confer risk of ischemic stroke (IS) in southern Sweden. METHODS We performed a case-control study, including 567 IS patients and 552 healthy controls from unrelated northern Chinese Han population, aiming to explore the association between lncRNA ANRIL rs2383207, rs4977574 polymorphisms and the risk of IS. Subsequently we implemented a meta-analysis to further assess the relationship of these variants and the disease. RESULTS In our case-control study, no significant associations were observed in all models between above 2 polymorphisms and IS. Next in our subgroup analysis, we detected significant association between GA genotype of rs4977574 and the increased risk of LAA-IS (large-artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke), similar elevated risk also appeared in the GG + GA genotype under the dominant model (P = .048, OR = 1.385, 95% CIs 1.002-1.914; P = .040, OR = 1.378, 95% CIs 1.015-1.872, respectively). As for rs2383207, negative results were obtained under all models and subgroups. Our meta-analysis showed a significant association between rs4977574 polymorphism and IS risk in allele model (G vs A P = .002, OR = 1.137, 95% CIs 1.048-1.234); with respect to rs2383207 polymorphism, no significant association between that and the risk of IS was detected under the dominant model (GA + AA vs GG, P = .061, OR = 0.923, 95% CIs 0.849-1.004), or recessive model (AA vs GA + GG, P = .656, OR = 0.972, 95% CIs 0.858-1.101), or allele model (A vs G, P = .326, OR = 0.952, 95% CIs 0.863-1.050). Likewise, no significant association between rs2383207 and IS was found in different stoke subtypes (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated G allele of lncRNA ANRIL rs4977574 could increase the risk of IS, and the variant may be associated with susceptibility to LAA-IS in Chinese Han population.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kalaivanan K, Sumartono F, Tan YY. The Homogenization of Ethnic Differences in Singapore English? A Consonantal Production Study. Lang Speech 2021; 64:123-140. [PMID: 32484011 DOI: 10.1177/0023830920925510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Past research on Singapore English (SgE) has shown that there are specific segmental and prosodic patterns that are unique to the three major ethnic groups, Chinese, Malay, and Indian in Singapore. These features have been highlighted as the "stereotypical" ethnic markers of SgE speakers, assuming substrate influence from the speakers' "ethnic" languages (Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil). However, recent research suggests that Singaporeans are becoming increasingly English dominant and has challenged the position of the ethnic languages as true "mother tongues" of Singaporeans. Hence, this study seeks to question if such "stereotypical" ethnic features exist, and if so, the extent to which a less dominant ethnic language would affect the phonology of speakers' English. This study looks specifically at the production of consonants /f/, /θ/, /t/, /v/, and /w/ as salient segmental features in SgE. Participants' phonetic behavior of /θ/, which was produced similarly across the three ethnic groups, disputed substrate influence. Tamil speakers were the most disparate, particularly with the /v/-/w/ contrast production. However, these deviations were often sporadic phonetic changes, which scarcely reflect robust speech patterns in the community. As a result, consonantal production in SgE is found to be largely independent of substrate influence and relatively uniform across the three ethnicities. The homogeneity observed in this study sheds light on bilinguals' acquisition of sounds, and it also provides phonological evidence toward the understanding of the evolutionary process of postcolonial Englishes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Li YC, Li LY, Tong HC, Xu HT, Ma S, Yang LH, Zhang WL, Sotolongo G, Wang E. Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma mimicking pulmonary thromboembolism: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24699. [PMID: 33578605 PMCID: PMC10545097 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma is a rare tumor with exceptionally high mortality and easily misdiagnosed as pulmonary thromboembolism pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) due to the nonspecific clinical presentation and symptom. Misdiagnosis or untimely diagnosis makes the disease progress to an advanced stage and eventually leads to a poor prognosis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 37-year-old Chinese female presented with chest tightness and dyspnea for 3 months. Echocardiography and chest computed tomography revealed an intraluminal obstruction of the pulmonary arteries. Tests of serum tumor makers showed slight elevation for carbohydrate antigen-125, and α-fetoprotein. PTE was suspected according to the radiological and laboratory findings. DIAGNOSIS Microscopic findings of the presumed thrombus showed prominent myxoid and edematous background with atypical spindled cells and curvilinear vascularity. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the atypical spindled cells were positive for vimentin but negative for CK, S100, SMA, desmin, CD68, STAT6, CD34, β-catenin, ALK-p80, p53, and MDM2. According to the radiological and pathological findings, the diagnosis of fibrosarcoma of pulmonary artery was made. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent surgical resection and the mass was excised as completely as possible. OUTCOME Follow-up information showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis after 3 months postresection. LESSONS Because of the low incidence rate, nonspecific clinical symptoms, and radiological findings, primary fibrosarcoma of the pulmonary artery is commonly misdiagnosed as PTE. Pathological examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University
| | - Le-Yao Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University
| | - Hai-Chao Tong
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - Lian-He Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University
| | - Wan-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Petro China Central Hospital, Langfang, Hebei, China
| | - Gina Sotolongo
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Endi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Flores LE, Frontera WR, Andrasik MP, del Rio C, Mondríguez-González A, Price SA, Krantz EM, Pergam SA, Silver JK. Assessment of the Inclusion of Racial/Ethnic Minority, Female, and Older Individuals in Vaccine Clinical Trials. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2037640. [PMID: 33606033 PMCID: PMC7896193 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Medical research has not equitably included members of racial/ethnic minority groups or female and older individuals. There are limited data on participant demographic characteristics in vaccine trials despite the importance of these data to current trials aimed at preventing coronavirus disease 2019. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether racial/ethnic minority groups and female and older adults are underrepresented among participants in vaccine clinical trials. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study examined data from completed US-based vaccine trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov from July 1, 2011, through June 30, 2020. The terms vaccine, vaccination, immunization, and inoculation were used to identify trials. Only those addressing vaccine immunogenicity or efficacy of preventative vaccines were included. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The numbers and percentages of racial/ethnic minority, female, and older individuals compared with US census data from 2011 and 2018. Secondary outcome measures were inclusion by trial phase and year of completion. RESULTS A total of 230 US-based trials with 219 555 participants were included in the study. Most trials were randomized (180 [78.3%]), included viral vaccinations (159 [69.1%]), and represented all trial phases. Every trial reported age and sex; 134 (58.3%) reported race and 79 (34.3%) reported ethnicity. Overall, among adult study participants, White individuals were overrepresented (77.9%; 95% CI, 77.4%-78.4%), and Black or African American individuals (10.6%; 95% CI, 10.2%-11.0%) and American Indian or Alaska Native individuals (0.4%; 95% CI, 0.3%-0.5%) were underrepresented compared with US census data; enrollment of Asian individuals was similar (5.7%; 95% CI, 5.5%-6.0%). Enrollment of Hispanic or Latino individuals (11.6%; 95% CI, 11.1%-12.0%) was also low even among the limited number of adult trials reporting ethnicity. Adult trials were composed of more female participants (75 325 [56.0%]), but among those reporting age as a percentage, enrollment of participants who were aged 65 years or older was low (12.1%; 95% CI, 12.0%-12.3%). Black or African American participants (10.1%; 95% CI, 9.7%-10.6%) and Hispanic or Latino participants (22.5%; 95% CI, 21.6%-23.4%) were also underrepresented in pediatric trials. Among trials reporting race/ethnicity, 65 (48.5%) did not include American Indian or Alaska Native participants and 81 (60.4%) did not include Hawaiian or Pacific Islander participants. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cross-sectional study found that among US-based vaccine clinical trials, members of racial/ethnic minority groups and older adults were underrepresented, whereas female adults were overrepresented. These findings suggest that diversity enrollment targets should be included for all vaccine trials targeting epidemiologically important infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Flores
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Walter R. Frontera
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan
| | - Michele P. Andrasik
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Carlos del Rio
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollin School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Elizabeth M. Krantz
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Steven A. Pergam
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julie K. Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Camps SG, Lim J, Koh MXN, Henry CJ. The Glycaemic and Insulinaemic Response of Pasta in Chinese and Indians Compared to Asian Carbohydrate Staples: Taking Spaghetti Back to Asia. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020451. [PMID: 33572918 PMCID: PMC7911001 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the metabolic properties of the Asian staples rice and noodles, which are typically high in glycaemic index (GI), to two types of spaghetti. It is hypothesised that pasta can be a healthy replacement, particularly amongst the Asian population. Thirty Chinese and Indian subjects (17 men, 13 women; BMI: 18.5-25 kg/m2) participated in this randomised crossover trial. On seven occasions, they consumed a glucose reference drink (3 times), white rice, wheat-based mee pok noodles, semolina spaghetti and wholegrain spaghetti. Blood samples were taken to measure glucose and insulin response over a period of 3 h. The current evaluation showed that semolina spaghetti and wholegrain spaghetti can be classified as low GI products, with a GI of 53 and 54, respectively, significantly lower than wheat based mee pok noodles (74) and rice (80) (p < 0.005). In addition, both spaghettis had a lower insulin response compared to rice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no difference in glucose or insulin response between semolina and wholegrain spaghetti. After controlling for gender, ethnicity, fat and fat free mass (kg), the glucose and insulin results did not change. In conclusion, wheat-based pasta can be helpful to modify the carbohydrate-rich Asian diet. Notably, there was no effect of gender, ethnicity and body composition on the glycaemic and insulinaemic response. We speculate that the starch-protein structure as a result of the spaghetti production process is a major driver of its favourable metabolic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gerardus Camps
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.L.); (M.X.N.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.C.); (C.J.H.); Tel.: +65-6407-0793 (C.J.H.)
| | - Joseph Lim
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.L.); (M.X.N.K.)
| | - Melvin Xu Nian Koh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.L.); (M.X.N.K.)
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (J.L.); (M.X.N.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.G.C.); (C.J.H.); Tel.: +65-6407-0793 (C.J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bagheri B, Owji SM, Torabinezhad S, Raeisi Shahraki H, Kamalinia A, Owji SH, Dehghani F. Electron microscopy study of 496 cases of lupus nephritis: A single-center experience. Lupus 2021; 30:587-596. [PMID: 33413002 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320984539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal involvement is seen in about 40-82% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Asian patients. The exact diagnosis and classification of lupus nephritis are important for treatment and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the value of electron microscopy (EM) in the diagnosis and classification of lupus nephritis compared with light microscopy. METHOD In this cross-sectional referral-center 16-year study of lupus nephritis, the final diagnosis was based on the EM study. Primary light microscopy findings were compared with EM diagnosis. Moreover, Immunofluorescence patterns distribution was assessed. RESULTS From 496 patients diagnosed with lupus nephritis based on EM, 225(45.4%) of patients were categorized in class IV, followed by 98(19.7%), 93(18.8%), 46(9.3%), and 14(2.8%) who were categorized into classes of II, III, V, and VI respectively. Only 1(0.2%) patient belonged to class I, and 19(3.8%) cases were diagnosed with mixed two classes. Using EM was essential for diagnosing 25.6% of cases taking the correct classification by light microscopy into account; however, disregarding correct classification, this could change to a 7.4% contribution rate of EM. The most common cause of misdiagnosis, disregarding incorrect classification, was inadequate or wrong tissue. Positive associations were detected between tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis of both electron and light microscopy with different classes (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION While light microscopy is highly accurate for diagnosing lupus nephritis regardless of correct classification, EM contributes substantially to the correct classification of lupus nephritis types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Bagheri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Owji
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Simin Torabinezhad
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Raeisi Shahraki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hossein Owji
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farshad Dehghani
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li L, Zou X, Huang Q, Han X, Zhou X, Ji L. Do East Asians With Normal Glucose Tolerance Have Worse β-Cell Function? A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:780557. [PMID: 34917033 PMCID: PMC8669805 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.780557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The difference in the relationship between β-cell function and insulin resistance among Africans, Caucasians and East Asians with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) was not well investigated. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science with keywords and identified studies that used the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) model to evaluate β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin sensitivity/resistance (HOMA-S/HOMA-IR) in certain ethnic groups. We used random-effect model to pool data of HOMAs and compared the combined data among the three ethnic groups using subgroup analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the coefficient of HOMA-S on HOMA-B in these ethnic groups. RESULTS We evaluated pooled data of HOMAs in eight African, 26 Caucasian, and 84 East Asian cohorts with NGT, and also 2,392, 6,645 and 67,317 individuals, respectively. The three ethnic groups had distinct HOMA-B but similar HOMA-IR. The regression coefficient of lnHOMA-B on lnHOMA-S was different between Africans and Caucasians (-1.126 vs -0.401, P = 0.0006) or East Asian (-1.126 vs -0.586, P = 0.0087), but similar between Caucasians and East Asians (-0.401 vs -0.586, P = 0.1282). The coefficient in all ethnic groups was similar when age, BMI, and gender were adjusted (African vs Caucasian P = 0.0885, African vs East Asian P = 0.1092, and Caucasian vs East Asian P = 0.6298). CONCLUSIONS In subjects with NGT, East Asians had lower HOMA-B but similar β-cell response relative to insulin resistance with Caucasians and Africans when age, BMI, and gender were controlled. This result may challenge the allegation that there was an Asian-specific diabetes phenotype with worse β-cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Linong Ji
- *Correspondence: Xiantong Zou, ; Linong Ji,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Perez CI, Chansangpetch S, Mora M, Nguyen A, Zhao J, Han Y, Lin SC. Ethnicity-Specific Database Improves the Diagnostic Ability of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness to Detect Glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 221:311-322. [PMID: 32777372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the changes in optical coherence tomography (OCT) color probability codes and diagnostic ability for peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) analysis after applying Chinese and white subjects normative databases. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS This study enrolled 219 healthy eyes (108 white and 111 Chinese patients) to construct an ethnicity-specific normative database for pRNFL and macular GCC thickness, which was tested then in 180 eyes with or without glaucoma (102 white and 78 Chinese patients). The percent of change of color probability codes were evaluated after applying the original built-in and the ethnicity-specific normative databases, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to evaluate the change in diagnostic ability to detect glaucoma. RESULTS Healthy white subjects had a thinner pRNFL than Chinese subjects in the overall average thickness as well as the superior, inferior, and temporal quadrants (P < .001). Macular GCC did not differ between ethnicities. After applying an ethnicity-specific normative database, the percent of pRNFL abnormal color code labels decreased significantly for the overall average thickness in the white subjects. This resulted in a significant increase in the specificity to detect glaucoma in the white population (P < .001). No significant changes were seen when applying an ethnicity-specific normative database for macular GCC thickness. CONCLUSIONS After applying an ethnicity-specific normative database, the percent of pRNFL abnormal color codes decreased significantly, improving the specificity to detect glaucoma in the white population. These findings suggest there may be utility in having ethnicity-specific normative databases for pRNFL thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio I Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Fundación Oftalmológica Los Andes, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sunee Chansangpetch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marta Mora
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anwell Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shan C Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Glaucoma Center of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sletner L, Moen AEF, Yajnik CS, Lekanova N, Sommer C, Birkeland KI, Jenum AK, Böttcher Y. Maternal Glucose and LDL-Cholesterol Levels Are Related to Placental Leptin Gene Methylation, and, Together With Nutritional Factors, Largely Explain a Higher Methylation Level Among Ethnic South Asians. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:809916. [PMID: 35002980 PMCID: PMC8739998 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.809916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin, mainly secreted by fat cells, plays a core role in the regulation of appetite and body weight, and has been proposed as a mediator of metabolic programming. During pregnancy leptin is also secreted by the placenta, as well as being a key regulatory cytokine for the development, homeostatic regulation and nutrient transport within the placenta. South Asians have a high burden of type 2 diabetes, partly attributed to a "thin-fat-phenotype". OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate how maternal ethnicity, adiposity and glucose- and lipid/cholesterol levels in pregnancy are related to placental leptin gene (LEP) DNA methylation. METHODS We performed DNA methylation analyses of 13 placental LEP CpG sites in 40 ethnic Europeans and 40 ethnic South Asians participating in the STORK-Groruddalen cohort. RESULTS South Asian ethnicity and gestational diabetes (GDM) were associated with higher placental LEP methylation. The largest ethnic difference was found for CpG11 [5.8% (95% CI: 2.4, 9.2), p<0.001], and the strongest associations with GDM was seen for CpG5 [5.2% (1.4, 9.0), p=0.008]. Higher maternal LDL-cholesterol was associated with lower placental LEP methylation, in particular for CpG11 [-3.6% (-5.5, -1.4) per one mmol/L increase in LDL, p<0.001]. After adjustments, including for nutritional factors involved in the one-carbon-metabolism cycle (vitamin D, B12 and folate levels), ethnic differences in placental LEP methylation were strongly attenuated, while associations with glucose and LDL-cholesterol persisted. CONCLUSIONS Maternal glucose and lipid metabolism is related to placental LEP methylation, whilst metabolic and nutritional factors largely explain a higher methylation level among ethnic South Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Line Sletner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
- *Correspondence: Line Sletner,
| | - Aina E. F. Moen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nadezhda Lekanova
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Christine Sommer
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anne K. Jenum
- General Practice Research Unit, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The European cohort study has indicated about CD74 IgG-autoantibodies as potential marker for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) diagnosis. However, multiple studies have questioned the diagnostic value of various disease-specific autoantibodies in different ethnic groups. Here, we have tried to assess the diagnostic value of anti-CD74 IgG and IgA autoantibodies in axSpA patients from Chinese Han population.The anti-CD74 IgG and IgA autoantibodies were analyzed using ELISA assay in a cohort of 97 axSpA patients, including 47 treatment-naïve axSpA patients never treated with steroids or immunosuppressants and 50 treated axSpA patients. The rheumatic disease control (RDC) group consisted of 40 rheumatoid arthritis, 25 systemic lupus erythematosus, 18 psoriatic arthritis patients, and 60 healthy controls (HC).Our data demonstrated the presence of anti-CD74 IgA auto-antibodies in 25.8% of the axSpA patients, 30.1% of the RDC group patients and none in HC. Similarly, anti-CD74 IgG autoantibodies were observed in 23.7% of the axSpA patients, 18.1% of the RDC patients and 18.3% of the HC. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of IgA autoantibodies were 21.3%, 82.5%, & 67.4%, respectively, while for IgG, it was 27.7%, 81.8%, and 68.4%, in treatment-naïve axSpA patients. Furthermore, weak positive relationship between anti-CD74 IgA autoantibodies and bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index ( r = 0.253, P = .012) and functional index (bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index; r = 0.257, P = .011) was observed.Overall, our study demonstrated little clinical and predictive value of CD74 autoantibodies in the diagnosis of axSpA and its related manifestations, among Chinese Han population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID); Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing
| | - Meng-Tao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID); Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID); Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin-Yi Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID); Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing
| | - Shang-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID); Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing
| | - Xiao-Mei Leng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID); Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing
| | - Jin-Mei Su
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID); Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing
| | - Xiao-Feng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID); Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao X, Chen Y, Wang L, Li X, Chen X, Zhang H. Associations of ATG7 rs1375206 polymorphism and elevated plasma ATG7 levels with late-onset sporadic Parkinson's disease in a cohort of Han Chinese from southern China. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:1206-1214. [PMID: 32065549 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1731507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) plays a key role in autophagy and is strongly implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigated the associations of rs1375206 polymorphism in ATG7 gene promoter and plasma ATG7 levels with late-onset sporadic PD in a cohort of Han Chinese from southern China.Methods: Variant genotypes were identified using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and gene sequencing in 124 patients with late-onset sporadic PD, as well as in 105 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma ATG7 levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: No significant differences in genotype distributions were found between the two groups. Stratification analyses by sex and clinical motor subtypes revealed that the differences remained non-significant in each subgroup (all p > 0.05). Plasma ATG7 protein levels were significantly higher in the PD group than in the control group (p = 0.000). Haplotype analysis demonstrated that the A-T haplotype was significantly associated with late-onset sporadic PD (p = 0.045).Conclusion: Our study suggests that the rs1375206 polymorphism in ATG7 may not be associated with late-onset sporadic PD; however, high plasma ATG7 levels and the A-T haplotype may be associated with susceptibility to late-onset sporadic PD in the Han population from Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yusen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangxin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li SMY, Viljoen JL, Christiansen AK, Muir NM. Predictive validity of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) among a sample of Asian Canadian youth on probation. Law Hum Behav 2020; 44:485-501. [PMID: 33444063 DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although past studies suggest that the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY; Borum et al., 2006) has moderate predictive validity, its predictive validity with Asian youth in Western countries is unknown. We therefore compared the SAVRY's predictive validity in a sample of Asian Canadian versus White Canadian youth. HYPOTHESES Given that the SAVRY is normed on samples comprising mostly youth who are White, we expected its predictive validity for recidivism would be lower for Asian Canadians than White Canadians. METHOD We examined youth probation officers' SAVRY assessments for 573 youth (445 White Canadians, 56 East/Southeast Asian Canadians, and 72 South Asian Canadians) on community supervision (i.e. probation) in a Canadian province. Youth were prospectively followed for an average of 1.97 years (SD = 0.56 years) to determine if they were subsequently charged with violent or nonviolent offenses. RESULTS Asian Canadians scored significantly lower on risk total scores compared to White Canadians. Predictive validity for violent and nonviolent recidivism fell in the medium to large range for East/Southeast Asian Canadians (AUCs = .69 to .89) and South Asian Canadians (AUCs = .64 to .83). In comparison, predictive validity for White Canadians was generally lower (AUCs = .63 to .77; small to large range). Risk total scores and nonviolent risk ratings significantly predicted nonviolent recidivism better for East/Southeast Asian Canadians (AUCs = .89 and .87, respectively) than White Canadians (AUCs = .77 and .71, respectively). Despite few significant differences between Asian subgroups, predictive validity for nonviolent risk ratings was significantly higher in East/Southeast Asian Canadians (AUC = .87) than South Asian Canadians (AUC = .64). CONCLUSIONS The SAVRY may be a useful tool for predicting recidivism with Asian Canadians. However, future research should examine the SAVRY's predictive validity for youth of Asian descent in different countries and contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
36
|
Li E, Ren J, Chen Q, Zhang H, Lin B, Zhang H, Zhang S, Zhang X, Cai L, Liu X. Uncovering the mysterious identity of Taisui-an old Chinese folk legend. Sci China Life Sci 2020; 63:1942-1945. [PMID: 32435876 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yamada M, Osamura M, Ogura H, Onoue T, Wakamatsu A, Numachi Y, Caltabiano S, Mahar KM. A Single-Dose, Open-Label, Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Study in Healthy Japanese Participants to Evaluate the Bioequivalence and the Food Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Daprodustat. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 9:978-984. [PMID: 32250021 PMCID: PMC7687240 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Daprodustat is a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stimulates erythropoiesis in a manner similar to the natural response to hypoxia, whereby inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) prolyl-4-hydroxylases by daprodustat ultimately results in increased levels of HIF-responsive genes. Daprodustat is under development as an emerging new class of agents for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This was a single-center, single-dose, open-label, randomized, 2-way crossover study in healthy Japanese male participants consisting of 2 parts. The primary objective was to evaluate the bioequivalence (BE) between daprodustat tablet strengths (part 1) and to evaluate the food effect on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of daprodustat (part 2). A total of 64 healthy Japanese male participants were enrolled; 52 participants were included in part 1 and 12 in part 2. BE was demonstrated between the daprodustat 2-mg tablet and the daprodustat 4-mg tablet. A standard CKD meal did not have a large effect on the PK parameters of daprodustat after a single oral dose of daprodustat 4 mg. Administration of single oral doses of daprodustat 4 mg was generally well tolerated in the healthy Japanese participants, and no new safety signals were identified without regard to food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yamada
- Clinical Pharmacology OfficeJapan Development DivisionGlaxoSmithKline K.K.TokyoJapan
| | - Minori Osamura
- Clinical Pharmacology OfficeJapan Development DivisionGlaxoSmithKline K.K.TokyoJapan
| | - Hirofumi Ogura
- Clinical Pharmacology OfficeJapan Development DivisionGlaxoSmithKline K.K.TokyoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Onoue
- Biomedical Data Sciences DepartmentJapan Development DivisionGlaxoSmithKline K.K.TokyoJapan
| | - Akira Wakamatsu
- Pre‐Clinical Development DepartmentJapan Development DivisionGlaxoSmithKline K.K.TokyoJapan
| | - Yotaro Numachi
- Medicines DevelopmentJapan Development DivisionGlaxoSmithKline K.K.TokyoJapan
| | | | - Kelly M. Mahar
- Clinical PharmacologyModeling and SimulationGlaxoSmithKlineCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang CZ, Zhang JS, Li XB, Bai RF, Shi MS, Wang CC. Haplotype analysis of 36 Y-STR loci in a Chinese Han population from Anhui Province, Eastern China. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:2063-2065. [PMID: 32472181 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed haplotypes for 36 Y chromosomal STRs (Y-STRs), including 27 Yfiler Plus loci and 9 additional STRs (DYS549, DYS643, DYS508, DYS447, DYS596, DYS444, DYS557, and DYS527a/b) in 2018 unrelated Chinese Han individuals from Anhui Province using DNATyperTM 36Y Kit. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the genetic relationship of the Anhui Han population with other neighboring and/or linguistically close populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Zao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jia-Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Identification in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Identification in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Feng Bai
- Criminal Justice College of China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Sen Shi
- Criminal Justice College of China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang D, Gao H, Li Y, Jiang S, Yong Y, Yang X. Genome-Scale Expression Pattern of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Chinese Uyghur Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925888. [PMID: 33031356 PMCID: PMC7552881 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts thought to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Some lncRNAs are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and participate in pathological processes of PD. The incidence of PD is relatively high in members of the Uyghur minority living in Xingjiang province of China. This study measured the expression of lncRNAs in the peripheral blood cells of Chinese Uyghur individuals with and without PD and analyzed the possible function of these lncRNAs in the development of PD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 55 Uyghur patients with PD and 55 healthy volunteers. Total RNA was extracted, and the levels of expression of whole-genome lncRNAs and mRNAs in 10 samples (5 PD and 5 controls) were determined by microarray method. The expression levels of lncRNAs in all 100 subjects were determined by qRT-PCR. The lncRNA expression profiles of PD patients were determined based on lncRNA microarray chip analysis, and differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified. The results of chip analysis were confirmed in a large clinical cohort. RESULTS Comparison of subjects with and without PD identified 32 significantly up-regulated and 18 significantly down-regulated lncRNAs in the PD group. GO analysis showed that mRNAs encoding proteins involved in the regulation of biological processes were differentially expressed, with the inflammatory immune response being the most significantly related pathway. CONCLUSIONS The expression of lncRNAs in peripheral blood differed significantly in PD patients and controls. These differentially expressed lncRNAs may play a role in the development of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Sen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Yong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu X, Fu Q, Tang Y, Deng JH, Mei D, Zhang B. A case report of neurological adverse events caused by short-term and low-dose treatment of mitotane: The role of therapeutic drug monitoring. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22620. [PMID: 33019484 PMCID: PMC7535773 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Low-dose mitotane has been widely used for many decades in patients with advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), which exhibited good safety profiles compared with the high-dose regimen. The clinical efficacy and toxicity of mitotane are closely related to its plasma concentration, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended. Until now, no severe adverse drug reaction (ADR) related to the toxic plasma level after a short-term treatment of low-dose mitotane has been published. PATIENT CONCERNS A 50-year-old Chinese female presented with severe neurological adverse events related to a toxic plasma levels of 42.8 mg/L after 4 months treatment of low-dose mitotane. DIAGNOSES During the course of therapy, no other medication could cause neurological adverse events. Therefore, we suspected a high sensitivity to the side effect of mitotane related to a toxic plasma level. INTERVENTIONS Treatment of mitotane was stopped. OUTCOMES The trough plasma concentration of mitotane decreased to 18.7 mg/mL after one and a half months, and the neurological symptoms gradually improved after drug discontinuance. LESSONS The present case provides the first report of severe neurological adverse events induced by the short-term use of low-dose mitotane for adjuvant treatment in a patient with ACC, indicating that potentially severe ADR can also occur when using low-dose regimen in the early stage of treatment. TDM and early recognition could result in a favorable outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jian-hua Deng
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most fatal type of tuberculosis in which corticosteroids are added with antitubercular therapy to prevent permanent brain damage. However, this treatment may produce paradoxical reactions. In such cases, thalidomide use might reduce central nervous system inflammation and improve the outcome. We present the case of a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient with TBM who developed paradoxical reactions manifesting as multiple intracranial tuberculomas that were resistant to standard care (antitubercular drugs and corticosteroids) but responded well to thalidomide. PATIENT'S MAIN CONCERN AND CLINICAL FINDINGS The patient was a 40-year-old Chinese female, who was admitted with a 10-day history of headaches, night sweats, and cough. She was healthy before contracting the infection and had no history of contact with tuberculosis patients. DIAGNOSES, INTERVENTION, AND OUTCOME We diagnosed the patient with TBM complicated by the occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Positive results were obtained from Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen staining of the sputum and acid-fast bacilli sputum culture. Standard treatment was initiated with antitubercular drugs (daily isoniazid, rifampicin, ethionamide, and pyrazinamide) and corticosteroids (dexamethasone). However, 3 months later the magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed some new tuberculoma lesion. Thus, a specific therapy of antitubercular drugs and thalidomide was introduced. On completion of a 12-month course of antitubercular drugs with 2 months of thalidomide, the patient showed favorable outcomes without neurologic sequelae. Moreover, thalidomide appeared safe and well tolerated in the patient. CONCLUSION In addition to the specific anti-tubercular and adjuvant corticosteroid therapies for TBM, thalidomide can be used as a "salvage" antitubercular drug in cases that are unresponsive to corticosteroids.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The goal of this study is to provide a systematic review of empirically based journal articles published between 2006 and 2016 that address intimate partner violence (IPV) among Asian communities in the United States. We analyzed 57 peer-reviewed journal articles published in English. Most studies employed quantitative research designs that were cross-sectional in nature and focused on examining the statistical relationships between variables. Sociodemographic variables were the most frequently used variables to predict IPV, while health outcome variables were the most frequently used variables caused by IPV. Theoretical frameworks, methodology, and policy implications used in other studied were discussed in depth. Based on the findings of our study, we recommended future research avenues that can fill the gap in scholarly journal articles investigating the Asian communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunrye Kim
- Sociology and Criminal Justice Department, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret Schmuhl
- Public Justice Department, State University of New York-Oswego, Oswego, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sesoko S, Huang J, Okayama T, Nishida E, Miyoshi K. Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Food Effects on TAC-302 in Healthy Participants: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Dose and Multiple-Dose Studies. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 9:821-832. [PMID: 31970939 PMCID: PMC7586813 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TAC-302 stimulates neurite outgrowth activity and is expected to restore urinary function in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction. We conducted 2 phase 1, randomized, placebo-controlled studies to confirm the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of TAC-302 in healthy adult Japanese male volunteers. In the first-in-human single-dose study (n = 60), TAC-302 was administered at doses from 100 to 1200 mg after an overnight fast. The effects of a meal on the PK of TAC-302 400 mg were also examined. A multiple-dose study (n = 36) evaluated the effects of meal fat content on the PK of single doses of TAC-302 (100, 200, or 400 mg) and multiple doses of TAC-302 administered for 5 days (100, 200, and 400 mg twice daily). TAC-302 showed linear PK up to doses of 1200 mg in the fasting state, and across the dose range of 100-400 mg in the fed state. No accumulation of TAC-302 was observed. Food, particularly with high fat content, increased TAC-302 plasma concentrations. No differences were observed in the adverse event incidence between the TAC-302 and placebo groups in either study. TAC-302 showed a wide safety margin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sesoko
- Sosenkai Clinic EdogawaMizueEdogawa‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Jinhong Huang
- Pharmacovigilance DepartmentTaiho Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.UchikandaChiyoda‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Takashige Okayama
- Pharmacokinetics Research LaboratoriesTaiho Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.OkuboTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Erika Nishida
- Clinical Development II DepartmentTaiho Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.UchikandaChiyoda‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuhisa Miyoshi
- Clinical Development II DepartmentTaiho Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.UchikandaChiyoda‐kuTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Omoto MK, Torii H, Hayashi K, Ayaki M, Tsubota K, Negishi K. Ratio of Axial Length to Corneal Radius in Japanese Patients and Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Based on Biometric Data. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 218:320-329. [PMID: 32209342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the features of the axial length-to-corneal radius (AL/CR) ratio in Japanese patients with cataracts and to determine the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas according to the AL/CR features and the axial length (AL). DESIGN Retrospective observational case series. METHODS Setting was a clinical practice. Patient population was a total of 1,135 eyes (1,135 patients) with cataracts. Observation procedures included measurement of the AL and corenal radius (CR) by optical biometry and evaluation of the refractive outcomes by using the SRK/T, Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, Haigis, and Barrett Universal II formulas. Main outcome measurements were the features of the AL/CR ratio and the accuracy of IOL power calculations based on the AL/CR ratio and the AL. RESULTS The mean AL/CR ratio was 3.15 ± 0.19. Significant weak negative correlations were observed between the spherical equivalent (SE) and AL (r = -0.7489; P < .001) and between the SE and AL/CR ratio (r = -0.8069; P < .001); no correlation was found between the SE and CR (r = 0.0208, P = .483). For medium ALs and high AL/CR ratios, the SRK/T formula performed less accurately. For long ALs and high AL/CR ratios, the Holladay 1 and Hoffer Q formulas performed less accurately. The Barrett Universal II formula performed well across a range of ALs and AL/CR ratios. CONCLUSIONS The AL/CR ratio explained the total variation in the SE better than the AL alone. Surgeons should pay attention to the selection of IOL power calculation formulas in eyes with high AL/CR ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hidemasa Torii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Hayashi Eye Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ayaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Otake Clinic Moon View Eye Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhong Z, Tan J, Tang Y, Li Z, Qin W. Goodpasture syndrome manifesting as nephrotic-range proteinuria with anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody seronegativity: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22341. [PMID: 32991448 PMCID: PMC7523814 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The Goodpasture syndrome is an extremely rare disease, with renal and pulmonary manifestations, and is mediated by anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies. Renal pathological changes are mainly characterized by glomerular crescent formation and linear immunofluorescent staining for immunoglobulin G on the GBM. There are few reports on the atypical course of the syndrome involving serum-negative anti-GBM antibodies. Therefore, we present a case of Goodpasture syndrome that presented with nephrotic-range proteinuria and was seronegative for anti-GBM antibodies. PATIENT CONCERNS A 38-year-old Chinese man presented with a lung lesion that was discovered by physical examination a month prior to presentation. The chief concern was occasional hemoptysis without fever, cough, chest pain, and edema. DIAGNOSES Laboratory testing revealed that the urinary protein level and urine erythrocyte count were 7.4 g/24 hours and 144/high-power field (HPF), respectively. Serological testing for anti-GBM antibodies was negative. Chest computed tomography revealed multiple exudative lesions in both lungs, indicating alveolar infiltration and hemorrhage. Electronic bronchoscopy and pathological examination of the alveolar lavage fluid indicated no abnormalities. However, kidney biopsy suggested cellular crescent formation and segmental necrosis of the globuli, with linear IgG and complement C3 deposition on the GBM. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of anti-GBM antibody nephritis. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent 7 sessions of double filtration plasmapheresis. He was also administered with intravenous methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide. After renal function stabilization, he was discharged under an immunosuppressive regimen comprising of glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamides. OUTCOMES Three months later, follow-up examination revealed that the 24-hour urine protein had increased to 13 g. Furthermore, the urine erythrocyte count was 243/HPF. After a 6-month follow-up, the patient achieved partial remission, with a proteinuria level of 3.9 g/24 hours and a urine erythrocyte count of 187/HPF. LESSONS This extremely rare case of Goodpasture syndrome manifested with seronegativity for anti-GBM antibodies and nephrotic-range proteinuria. Our findings emphasize the importance of renal biopsy for the clinical diagnosis of atypical cases. Furthermore, because renal involvement achieved only partial remission despite therapy, early detection and active treatment of the Goodpasture syndrome is necessary to improve the prognosis of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ZhengXia Zhong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - JiaXing Tan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Yi Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - ZhengFu Li
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Araneta MRG, Baer RJ, Muglia LJ, Ryckman KK, Ryu J, Sidelinger DE, Jeliffe-Powlowski LL, Chambers CD. Health Advantages and Disparities in Preterm Birth Among Immigrants Despite Disparate Sociodemographic, Behavioral, and Maternal Risk Factors in San Diego, California. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:153-164. [PMID: 31838667 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-019-02836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reproductive health advantages have been reported among selected immigrants, but few studies have included new immigrants and refugees, nor simultaneously adjusted for socioeconomic, behavioral, and medical disparities. METHODS We examined the risk of preterm birth (PTB, < 37 weeks' gestation) among singleton live births in San Diego County from 2007 to 2012. Multivariable regression was used to compare PTB (1) by nativity within racial/ethnic groups and (2) among immigrants compared to United States (US) born Whites, while adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, reproductive and medical variables. RESULTS Among 230,878 singleton live births, overall PTB prevalence was highest among parturient women who were US-born Blacks (10.9%), Philippine (10.8%) and US-born Filipinas (10.7%), and US-born Asians (8.6%) despite differences in socioeconomic and maternal risk factors, and lowest among Somali (5.5%) migrants. Blacks born in Somalia or outside of the US, had significantly lower overall PTB prevalence compared to US-born Blacks (5.5% vs 7.6% vs 10.9%). Compared to US-born Whites, spontaneous PTB risk was significantly lower among Somali migrants (4.8% vs 3.7%, adjusted relative risk, aRR 0.7 [95% Confidence Intervals 0.5-0.9]), but higher among Philippine migrants (4.8% vs 7.7%, aRR 1.4 [1.3-1.6]). The strongest risk factor for overall PTB among nulliparous US-born Blacks was preexisting diabetes (aRR 3.81 [2.05-7.08]), and preexisting hypertension among Filipinas (aRR: 3.27 [2.36-4.54] and US-born Asians (aRR: 3.64 [1.61-8.24]). CONCLUSION Black migrants had lower PTB prevalence compared to US-born Blacks, but this immigrant advantage was not observed in other racial/ethnic groups. Compared to US-born Whites, Somali migrants had significantly lower risk of spontaneous PTB while Filipinas had elevated risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosario G Araneta
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC-0606, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0606, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Baer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Louis J Muglia
- Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelli K Ryckman
- Departments of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Julie Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dean E Sidelinger
- County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, Medical Care Services Division, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura L Jeliffe-Powlowski
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christina D Chambers
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC-0606, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0606, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hoang NPT, Haslam D, Sanders M. Coparenting Conflict and Cooperation between Parents and Grandparents in Vietnamese Families: The Role of Grandparent Psychological Control and Parent-Grandparent Communication. Fam Process 2020; 59:1161-1174. [PMID: 31556115 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Shared care between parents and grandparents is common in Asian cultures. This cocare practice provides many benefits to families but is also particularly complex, as both parents and grandparents must simultaneously fulfill their roles as cocaregivers as well as maintain their relationship with each other. This study aims to explore the determinants of coparenting relationships between parents and grandparents in Vietnam. Data were collected from 501 Vietnamese parents whose aging parents are active carers for their children. The results indicated that grandparent psychological control and parent-grandparent quality of communication explain the largest variance in both parent-grandparent coparenting conflict and cooperation. The results suggest that parenting interventions aimed at the Asian cultures, where grandparent care is common, may benefit from the inclusion of a content focus on promoting the coparenting relationship between parents and grandparents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Phuong T Hoang
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Divna Haslam
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Matthew Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Miao X, Shen Y, Gong X, Yu H, Li B, Chang L, Wang Y, Fan J, Liang Z, Tan B, Li S, Zhang B. A novel forensic panel of 186-plex SNPs and 123-plex STR loci based on massively parallel sequencing. Int J Legal Med 2020; 135:709-718. [PMID: 32851473 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The MiSeq® FGX Forensic system and the HID-Ion AmpliSeq Panel were previously developed for massively parallel sequencing (MPS) for forensic casework. Among the three major sequencing platforms, BGISEQ-500TM, which is based on multiple PCRs, is still lacking in forensics. Here, a novel forensic panel was constructed to detect 186 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 123 short tandem repeats (STRs) with MPS technology on the BGISEQ-500™ platform. First, the library preparation, sequencing process, and data analysis were performed, focusing on the average depth of coverage and heterozygote balance. We calculated the allelic frequencies and forensic parameters of STR and SNP loci in 73 unrelated Chinese Han individuals. In addition, performance was evaluated with accuracy, uniformity, sensitivity, PCR inhibitor, repeatability and reproducibility, mixtures, degraded samples, case-type samples, and pedigree analyses. The results showed that 100% accurate and concordant genotypes can be obtained, and the loci with an abundance in the interquartile range accounted for 92.90% of the total, suggesting reliable uniformity in this panel. We obtained a locus detection rate that was higher than 98.78% from 78 pg of input DNA, and the optimal amount was 1.25-10 ng. The maximum concentrations of hematin and humic acid were 200 and 100 μM, respectively (the ratios of detected loci were 96.52% and 92.41%), in this panel. As a mixture, compared with those of SNPs, minor-contributor alleles of STRs could be detected at higher levels. For the degraded sample, the ratio of detected loci was 98.41%, and most profiles from case-type samples were not significantly different in abundance in our studies. As a whole, this panel showed high-performance, reliable, robust, repeatable, and reproducible results, which are sufficient for paternity testing, individual identification, and use for potentially degraded samples in forensic science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Miao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuesheng Shen
- School of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Gong
- College of Forensic Medicine, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- School of Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Yu
- School of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liao Chang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingna Fan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuhuan Liang
- Forensic Genomics International, The Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Tan
- School of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbin Li
- College of Forensic Medicine, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shimohata H, Yamashita M, Ohgi K, Maruyama H, Takayasu M, Hirayama K, Kobayashi M. Clinical course and pathological findings of two late-onset Fabry hemizygous patients including mulberry cell counts after enzyme replacement therapy. CEN Case Rep 2020; 9:237-242. [PMID: 32189245 PMCID: PMC7320132 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-020-00463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of α-galactosidase A activity, resulting in the intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and related glycosphingolipids. The phenotypes of Fabry disease in both males and females are grouped into two categories: the classical type and the late-onset type. The classical type shows general symptoms including angiokeratoma(s), acroparesthesia, hypohidrosis, corneal opacity, and gastrointestinal symptoms from an early age. The late-onset type shows cardiac or renal (or both) symptoms from a late age. We present herein the clinical course and pathological findings of two late-onset hemizygous Fabry patients after the initiation of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), along with their mulberry cell counts during treatment. One patient's case was a renal-variant type without general symptoms; he showed stable renal function and mild proteinuria but little histological improvement with no change in the mulberry cell count during ERT. The other patient had a cardiac-variant type with renal pathological abnormality. He achieved a mild improvement of renal pathological findings, and his mulberry cell count gradually decreased during the treatment. These findings indicate that monitoring the mulberry cell count might help assess the efficacy of ERT, as a renal pathology tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Homare Shimohata
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Marina Yamashita
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ohgi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Mamiko Takayasu
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hirayama
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Huang J, Huang P, Shao XY, Sun Y, Lei L, Lou CJ, Ye WW, Chen JQ, Cao WM, Huang Y, Zheng YB, Wang XJ, Chen ZH. Efficacy of fulvestrant 500 mg in Chinese postmenopausal women with advanced/recurrent breast cancer and factors associated with prolonged time-to-treatment failure: A retrospective case series. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20821. [PMID: 32702824 PMCID: PMC7373621 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of fulvestrant 500 mg for the treatment of hormone receptor positive advanced postmenopausal women, including ovarian ablation and investigated factors associated with prolonged time-to-treatment failure.Data from 60 women with metastatic breast cancer who were treated at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. Patients received 500 mg (n = 60) between December 2011 and November 2012 were followed until November 2017. Main outcomes were clinical responses to fulvestrant, including best response, progressive disease, partial response, and stable disease lasting 12 months or more. Time to progression and time to progression-free-survival were also analyzed.Among the included 60 patients (mean age 47.18 years), 51 (85.0%) had received prior adjuvant therapy. During follow-up after fulvestrant treatment, the median PFS for the best response was derived as 7.0 months (inter-quartile = 4, 13.8 months). The observed median progression-free-survival time for best response was represented longer when fulvestrant was first-line treatment than when patients received prior endocrine and/or chemotherapy. Univariate analysis revealed that receiving either endocrine therapy only or endocrine therapy plus chemotherapy prior to fulvestrant treatment may be associated with median progression-free survival time to best response (P = .002, .026, .007, respectively).Fulvestrant treatment is safe and well-tolerated in women with hormone-sensitive advanced breast cancer, and first-line fulvestrant therapy increases progression-free-survival time, especially in patients without prior adjuvant treatment.
Collapse
|