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Coombs A, Ong S. Four change-makers seek impact in medical research. Nature 2024; 627:S8-S10. [PMID: 38480969 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Ross
- From the Section of General Medicine (J.S.R.) and the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.M.K.), Department of Medicine, and the National Clinician Scholars Program (J.S.R.), Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health (J.S.R., H.M.K.), and the Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital (J.S.R., H.M.K.) - all in New Haven, CT; Westfield, NJ (J.W.); and Structure Therapeutics, San Francisco (J.W.)
| | - Joanne Waldstreicher
- From the Section of General Medicine (J.S.R.) and the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.M.K.), Department of Medicine, and the National Clinician Scholars Program (J.S.R.), Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health (J.S.R., H.M.K.), and the Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital (J.S.R., H.M.K.) - all in New Haven, CT; Westfield, NJ (J.W.); and Structure Therapeutics, San Francisco (J.W.)
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- From the Section of General Medicine (J.S.R.) and the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (H.M.K.), Department of Medicine, and the National Clinician Scholars Program (J.S.R.), Yale School of Medicine, the Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health (J.S.R., H.M.K.), and the Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital (J.S.R., H.M.K.) - all in New Haven, CT; Westfield, NJ (J.W.); and Structure Therapeutics, San Francisco (J.W.)
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Roberto de Barros N, Wang C, Maity S, Peirsman A, Nasiri R, Herland A, Ermis M, Kawakita S, Gregatti Carvalho B, Hosseinzadeh Kouchehbaghi N, Donizetti Herculano R, Tirpáková Z, Mohammad Hossein Dabiri S, Lucas Tanaka J, Falcone N, Choroomi A, Chen R, Huang S, Zisblatt E, Huang Y, Rashad A, Khorsandi D, Gangrade A, Voskanian L, Zhu Y, Li B, Akbari M, Lee J, Remzi Dokmeci M, Kim HJ, Khademhosseini A. Engineered organoids for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115142. [PMID: 37967768 PMCID: PMC10842104 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
As miniaturized and simplified stem cell-derived 3D organ-like structures, organoids are rapidly emerging as powerful tools for biomedical applications. With their potential for personalized therapeutic interventions and high-throughput drug screening, organoids have gained significant attention recently. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in engineering organoids and using materials engineering, biochemical modifications, and advanced manufacturing technologies to improve organoid culture and replicate vital anatomical structures and functions of human tissues. We then explore the diverse biomedical applications of organoids, including drug development and disease modeling, and highlight the tools and analytical techniques used to investigate organoids and their microenvironments. We also examine the latest clinical trials and patents related to organoids that show promise for future clinical translation. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of using organoids to advance biomedical research and potentially transform personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Canran Wang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Surjendu Maity
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Arne Peirsman
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Satoru Kawakita
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Bruna Gregatti Carvalho
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Negar Hosseinzadeh Kouchehbaghi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Avenue, 1591634311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bioengineering and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Zuzana Tirpáková
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Seyed Mohammad Hossein Dabiri
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jean Lucas Tanaka
- Butantan Institute, Viral Biotechnology Laboratory, São Paulo, SP Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Auveen Choroomi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - RunRun Chen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA
| | - Shuyi Huang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA
| | - Elisheva Zisblatt
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Ahmad Rashad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Ankit Gangrade
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Leon Voskanian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Bingbing Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA.
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Croxton T, Jonathan E, Suleiman K, Balogun O, Ozumba PJ, Aloyo SM, Nsubuga G, Kamulegeya RE, Newton L, Mukisa J, Kader M, Damaneite V, Nadoma S, Onyemata EJ, Anzaku AA, Nasinghe E, Troyer J, Joubert BR, Beiswanger C, Joloba ML, Mayne E, Abimiku A. Building blocks for better biorepositories in Africa. Genome Med 2023; 15:92. [PMID: 37932809 PMCID: PMC10626646 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biorepositories archive and distribute well-characterized biospecimens for research to support the development of medical diagnostics and therapeutics. Knowledge of biobanking and associated practices is incomplete in low- and middle-income countries where disease burden is disproportionately high. In 2011, the African Society of Human Genetics (AfSHG), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Wellcome Trust founded the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) consortium to promote genomic research in Africa and established a network of three biorepositories regionally located in East, West, and Southern Africa to support biomedical research. This manuscript describes the processes established by H3Africa biorepositories to prepare research sites to collect high-quality biospecimens for deposit at H3Africa biorepositories. METHODS The biorepositories harmonized practices between the biorepositories and the research sites. The biorepositories developed guidelines to establish best practices and define biospecimen requirements; standard operating procedures (SOPs) for common processes such as biospecimen collection, processing, storage, transportation, and documentation as references; requirements for minimal associated datasets and formats; and a template material transfer agreements (MTA) to govern biospecimen exchange. The biorepositories also trained and mentored collection sites in relevant biobanking processes and procedures and verified biospecimen deposit processes. Throughout these procedures, the biorepositories followed ethical and legal requirements. RESULTS The 20 research projects deposited 107,982 biospecimens (76% DNA, 81,067), in accordance with the ethical and legal requirements and established best practices. The biorepositories developed and customized resources and human capacity building to support the projects. [The biorepositories developed 34 guidelines, SOPs, and documents; trained 176 clinicians and scientists in over 30 topics; sensitized ethical bodies; established MTAs and reviewed consent forms for all projects; attained import permits; and evaluated pilot exercises and provided feedback. CONCLUSIONS Biobanking in low- and middle-income countries by local skilled staff is critical to advance biobanking and genomic research and requires human capacity and resources for global partnerships. Biorepositories can help build human capacity and resources to support biobanking by partnering with researchers. Partnerships can be structured and customized to incorporate document development, ethics, training, mentorship, and pilots to prepare sites to collect, process, store, and transport biospecimens of high quality for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talishiea Croxton
- I-HAB, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Baltimore, 725 West Lombard Street Suite, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Sharley M Aloyo
- Integrated Biorepository of H3Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gideon Nsubuga
- Integrated Biorepository of H3Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rogers E Kamulegeya
- Integrated Biorepository of H3Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lwanga Newton
- Integrated Biorepository of H3Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Mukisa
- Integrated Biorepository of H3Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mukthar Kader
- Clinical Laboratory Services, Wits Diagnostic Innovation Hub, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vuyo Damaneite
- Clinical Laboratory Services, Wits Diagnostic Innovation Hub, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sunji Nadoma
- I-HAB, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Nasinghe
- Integrated Biorepository of H3Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jennifer Troyer
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bonnie R Joubert
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine Beiswanger
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Baltimore, 725 West Lombard Street Suite, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Moses L Joloba
- Integrated Biorepository of H3Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth Mayne
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alash'le Abimiku
- I-HAB, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Baltimore, 725 West Lombard Street Suite, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Mehtälä J, Ali M, Miettinen T, Partanen L, Laapas K, Niemelä PT, Khorlo I, Ström S, Kurki S, Vapalahti J, Abdelgawwad K, Leinonen JV. Utilization of anonymization techniques to create an external control arm for clinical trial data. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:258. [PMID: 37925415 PMCID: PMC10625188 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subject-level real-world data (RWD) collected during daily healthcare practices are increasingly used in medical research to assess questions that cannot be addressed in the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). A novel application of RWD arises from the need to create external control arms (ECAs) for single-arm RCTs. In the analysis of ECAs against RCT data, there is an evident need to manage and analyze RCT data and RWD in the same technical environment. In the Nordic countries, legal requirements may require that the original subject-level data be anonymized, i.e., modified so that the risk to identify any individual is minimal. The aim of this study was to conduct initial exploration on how well pseudonymized and anonymized RWD perform in the creation of an ECA for an RCT. METHODS This was a hybrid observational cohort study using clinical data from the control arm of the completed randomized phase II clinical trial (PACIFIC-AF) and RWD cohort from Finnish healthcare data sources. The initial pseudonymized RWD were anonymized within the (k, ε)-anonymity framework (a model for protecting individuals against identification). Propensity score matching and weighting methods were applied to the anonymized and pseudonymized RWD, to balance potential confounders against the RCT data. Descriptive statistics for the potential confounders and overall survival analyses were conducted prior to and after matching and weighting, using both the pseudonymized and anonymized RWD sets. RESULTS Anonymization affected the baseline characteristics of potential confounders only marginally. The greatest difference was in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4.6% vs. 5.4% in the pseudonymized compared to the anonymized data, respectively). Moreover, the overall survival changed in anonymization by only 8% (95% CI 4-22%). Both the pseudonymized and anonymized RWD were able to produce matched ECAs for the RCT data. Anonymization after matching impacted overall survival analysis by 22% (95% CI -21-87%). CONCLUSIONS Anonymization may be a viable technique for cases where flexible data transfer and sharing are required. As anonymization necessarily affects some aspects of the original data, further research and careful consideration of anonymization strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehreen Ali
- Veil.ai Oy, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Miettinen
- Veil.ai Oy, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Cunningham C, Mercury M. Coproducing health research with Indigenous peoples. Nat Med 2023; 29:2722-2730. [PMID: 37946057 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The coproduction of health research represents an important advance in the realm of participatory methodologies, which have evolved over the past five decades. This transition to a collaborative approach emphasizes shared control between academic researchers and their partners, fostering a more balanced influence on the research process. This shift not only enhances the quality of the research and the evidence generated, but also increases the likelihood of successful implementation. For Indigenous peoples, coproduced research represents a critical development, enabling a shift from being mere 'subjects' of research to being active controllers of the process-including addressing the extractive and oppressive practices of the past. In this Review, we explore how research coproduction with Indigenous peoples is evolving. An 'Indigenous turn' embraces the concept of shared control while also considering the principles of reciprocity, the incommensurability of Western and Indigenous knowledge systems, divergent ethical standards, strategic and political differences, and the broader impact of processes and outcomes. To illustrate these ideas, we present examples involving New Zealand's Māori communities and offer recommendations for further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Cunningham
- Research Centre for Hauora & Health (RCHH), Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Monica Mercury
- The Family Centre Social Policy Research Unit, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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Burt A, Boffa D. State governments could revolutionize health-care data. Nature 2023; 623:916. [PMID: 38017268 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
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Jones MC, Stone T, Mason SM, Eames A, Franklin M. Navigating data governance associated with real-world data for public benefit: an overview in the UK and future considerations. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069925. [PMID: 37793928 PMCID: PMC10551984 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-world data encompass data primarily captured for the provision or operation of services, for example, electronic health records for direct care purposes, but which may have secondary uses for informing research or commissioning. Public benefit is potentially forfeited by the underutilisation of real-world data for secondary uses, in part due to risk aversion when faced with the prospect of navigating necessary and important data governance processes. Such processes can be perceived as complex, daunting, time-consuming and exposing organisations to risk. By providing an overview description and discussion around the role of six key legal and information governance frameworks and their role regarding responsible data access, linkage and sharing, our intention is to make data governance a less daunting prospect and reduce the perception that it is a barrier to secondary uses, thus enabling public benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Stone
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health, Sheffield, UK
| | - Suzanne M Mason
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andy Eames
- Health Informatics, NHS Sheffield CCG, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew Franklin
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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9
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Zapf F, Butt W, Namachivayam SP. Opinion: on the importance of maintaining the functional form of explanatory variables. Cardiol Young 2023; 33:1337-1341. [PMID: 35924311 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122002384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In medical research, continuous variables are often categorised into two or more groups before being included in the analysis; this practice often comes with a cost, such as loss of power in analysis, less reliable estimates, and can often leave residual confounding in the results. In this research report, we show this by way of estimates from a regression analysis looking at the association between acute kidney injury and post-operative mortality in a sample of 194 neonates who underwent the Norwood operation. Two models were developed, one using a continuous measure of renal function as the main explanatory variable and second using a categorised version of the same variable. A continuous measure of renal function is more likely to yield reliable estimates and also maintains more statistical power in the analysis to detect a relation between the exposure and outcome. It also reveals the true biological relationship between the exposure and outcome. Categorising a continuous variable may not only miss an important message, it can also get it wrong. Additionally, given a non-linear relationship is commonly encountered between the exposure and outcome variable, investigators are advised to retain a predictor with a linear term only when supported by data. All of this is particularly important in small data sets which account for the majority of clinical research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zapf
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Warwick Butt
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siva P Namachivayam
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zane AC, Onken J, Parker MB, Ghosh D. An evaluation of programs to support new investigators at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Striking a balance with funding for established investigators. Eval Program Plann 2023; 98:102218. [PMID: 36963190 PMCID: PMC10509751 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As the largest funder of basic biomedical research in the US, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has an interest in maintaining a sustainable, productive workforce of investigators. Over the years, NIH has implemented several programs to attract early-stage investigators and other applicants without prior NIH support. The latest of these is the Next Generation Researchers Initiative. These programs have been shown to be successful in meeting NIH-wide goals but their success for any particular NIH institute or center (IC), and in any particular year, is determined by a variety of factors, some extrinsic to an IC's funding decision process. Each IC must balance support for new investigators with funding for productive ongoing programs of research. We examine historical trends in support of new investigators at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) over a 22-year period, as well as trends in some major extrinsic influences on that support. The results indicate that NIH's new investigator programs have succeeded in maintaining a balance between the support for new NIAID investigators while also continuing to support an expanded pool of established investigators. The programs have been particularly effective in providing support to early-stage investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel C Zane
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Onken
- Research Enterprise Analytics, LLC, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Marie B Parker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dolan Ghosh
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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11
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Hinterberger A, Bea S. How do scientists model humanness? A qualitative study of human organoids in biomedical research. Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115676. [PMID: 36657211 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigate how changes in biotechnology are transforming the pursuit of human-specific models of disease and development. Our case study focuses on scientists who make human organoids. Organoids are stem cell-based three-dimensional multicellular living systems, made in labs, that mimic the function of human organs. Organoids create new opportunities for human health research, but we know little about how researchers understand the relationship between these model systems and the humans they are meant to represent. By analysing 25 interviews, complemented by observation and documentary research conducted in 2020-2022, we identify and discuss four themes that characterize how researcher's model humanness in organoids. For scientists, organoids are powerful tools to approximate the biology of human beings because they represent the closest thing to undertaking experiments on living humans, not previously possible. As laboratory tools, human organoids may replace the need for experimentation on animals, potentially contributing to the 3Rs of animal research (replacement, reduction, and refinement). Humanness is partly operationalized by modelling different human characteristics within organoids, such as male and female, different disease states, age, and other attributes. We find that human organoids are opening up previously closed spaces of experimentation and modelling in biomedicine. We argue that the humanness of organoid model systems are not a given but are enacted with and through a variety of scientific practices. These practices require critical attention from social scientists as the enactments of humanness being modelled in organoids have the potential to shape what and who counts as human in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hinterberger
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, School of Global Affairs, Faculty of Social Science & Public Policy, King's College London, WC2B 4BG, UK.
| | - Sara Bea
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, School of Global Affairs, Faculty of Social Science & Public Policy, King's College London, WC2B 4BG, UK.
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12
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Blanco-Fernández G, Blanco-Fernandez B, Fernández-Ferreiro A, Otero-Espinar FJ. Lipidic lyotropic liquid crystals: Insights on biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 313:102867. [PMID: 36889183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) possess unique physicochemical properties, translatable into a wide range of applications. To date, lipidic lyotropic LCs (LLCs) have been extensively explored in drug delivery and imaging owing to the capability to encapsulate and release payloads with different characteristics. The current landscape of lipidic LLCs in biomedical applications is provided in this review. Initially, the main properties, types, methods of fabrication and applications of LCs are showcased. Then, a comprehensive discussion of the main biomedical applications of lipidic LLCs accordingly to the application (drug and biomacromolecule delivery, tissue engineering and molecular imaging) and route of administration is examined. Further discussion of the main limitations and perspectives of lipidic LLCs in biomedical applications are also provided. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Liquid crystals (LCs) are those systems between a solid and liquid state that possess unique morphological and physicochemical properties, translatable into a wide range of biomedical applications. A short description of the properties of LCs, their types and manufacturing procedures is given to serve as a background to the topic. Then, the latest and most innovative research in the field of biomedicine is examined, specifically the areas of drug and biomacromolecule delivery, tissue engineering and molecular imaging. Finally, prospects of LCs in biomedicine are discussed to show future trends and perspectives that might be utilized. This article is an ampliation, improvement and actualization of our previous short forum article "Bringing lipidic lyotropic liquid crystal technology into biomedicine" published in TIPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco-Fernández
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bárbara Blanco-Fernandez
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
- Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Pharmacy Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Otero-Espinar
- Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Paraquasil Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Materials (iMATUS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Lininger MR, Kirby C, Laurila KA, Roy I, Coder M, Propper CR, Trotter RT, Baldwin JA. Building Research Infrastructure: The Development of a Technical Assistance Group-Service Center at an RCMI. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:191. [PMID: 36612513 PMCID: PMC9819411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the Research Centers for Minority Institutions (RCMI), the Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative (SHERC) worked over the first five-year period of funding to foster the advancement of Early Stage Investigators, enhance the quality of health disparities research, and increase institution research capacity in basic Biomedical, Behavioral, and/or Clinical research; all priorities of RCMIs. In year 4, the Technical Assistance Group-Service Center (TAG-SC) was created to help achieve these goals. The TAG-SC provides one-on-one investigator project development support, including research design, data capture, and analysis. Successful implementation of the TAG-SC was tracked using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), a secure, web-based software platform allowing for immediate tracking and evaluation processes. In the first two years, 86 tickets were submitted through the REDCap system for methodological support by TAG-SC experts (faculty and staff) for assistance with health-equity related research, primarily SHERC and externally funded Social/Behavioral research projects. The TAG-SC increased the research capacity for investigators, especially within the SHERC. In this manuscript, we describe the methods used to create the TAG-SC and the REDCap tracking system and lessons learned, which can help other RCMIs interested in creating a similar service center offering an innovative way to build methodological infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R. Lininger
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Christine Kirby
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Kelly A. Laurila
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Indrakshi Roy
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Marcelle Coder
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Catherine R. Propper
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Robert T. Trotter
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Julie A. Baldwin
- Southwest Health Equity Research Collaborative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
- Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Abstract
When they discuss the Danish academic situation, Szulevicz, Lund and Lund (2021) address three questions about the academic training of psychology researchers: (a) why do Danish master's students in psychology more frequently choose the qualitative method for their research?; (b) what are psychology students working on?; and (c) what are they interested in? These three questions have led us to reflect on researcher training and the political and educational model universities adopt for psychology master's courses, not only in the Danish context, but also in other general contexts. In this commentary, we will discuss one strictly normative issue: what should the scientific ideal be for training researchers in psychology? Or more accurately: how can psychology contribute to discussions about the scientific ideal of researcher training in this knowledge area?
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Virginia Machado Dazzani
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia (Brazil), Rua Prof. Aristides Novis 197, Federação, 40210-630, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil.
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Abstract
A major trend in biomedical research has been an ideological shift away from studying individual components of an organism or biological process in isolation, and towards how those components function collectively, forming the basis of the field now known as systems biology [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Romano
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Suran M. New NIH Program for Artificial Intelligence in Research. JAMA 2022; 328:1580. [PMID: 36282268 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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17
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Barbeau VI, Madani L, Al Ameer A, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Beecher D, Conde M, Howe TE, Marcus S, Morley R, Nasser M, Smith M, Thompson Coon J, Welch VA. Research priority setting related to older adults: a scoping review to inform the Cochrane-Campbell Global Ageing Partnership work programme. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063485. [PMID: 36123060 PMCID: PMC9486333 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore and map the findings of prior research priority-setting initiatives related to improving the health and well-being of older adults. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES Searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, AgeLine, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases from January 2014 to 26 April 2021, and the James Lind Alliance top 10 priorities. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included primary studies reporting research priorities gathered from stakeholders that focused on ageing or the health of older adults (≥60 years). There were no restrictions by setting, but language was limited to English and French. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS We used a modified Reporting Guideline for Priority Setting of Health Research (REPRISE) guideline to assess the transparency of the reported methods. Population-intervention-control-outcome (PICO) priorities were categorised according to their associated International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI) and International Classification of Functioning (ICF) outcomes. Broad research topics were categorised thematically. RESULTS Sixty-four studies met our inclusion criteria. The studies gathered opinions from various stakeholder groups, including clinicians (n=56 studies) and older adults (n=35), and caregivers (n=24), with 75% of the initiatives involving multiple groups. None of the included priority-setting initiatives reported gathering opinions from stakeholders located in low-income or middle-income countries. Of the priorities extracted, 272 were identified as broad research topics, while 217 were identified as PICO priorities. PICO priorities that involved clinical outcomes (n=165 priorities) and interventions concerning health-related behaviours (n=59) were identified most often. Broad research topics on health services and systems were identified most often (n=60). Across all these included studies, the reporting of six REPRISE elements was deemed to be critically low. CONCLUSION Future priority setting initiatives should focus on documenting a more detailed methodology with all initiatives eliciting opinions from caregivers and older adults to ensure priorities reflect the opinions of all key stakeholder groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leen Madani
- Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Monserrat Conde
- Cochrane Campbell Global Ageing Partnership, Portimao, Portugal
- University of Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Tracey E Howe
- Cochrane Campbell Global Ageing Partnership, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sue Marcus
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jo Thompson Coon
- NIHR CLAHRC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Abstract
This device is an auxiliary device with reasonable design for placebo acupuncture research, so as to make double-blind placebo acupuncture control possible. This new auxiliary acupuncture device includes an acupuncture device and a placebo acupuncture device with exactly the same appearance. Both of them are composed of a hemispherical base and a telescopic tube. Through the rotation of the telescopic tube in the notch of the base, the insertion angle of needles can be adjusted from 15 degrees to 165 degrees. The operation of twisting and lifting and inserting can be carried out through the horizontal rotation and vertical sliding of the telescopic tube. A silicone needle pad is arranged in the base, which can simulate the blocking feeling of skin and muscle during needle insertion. The bottom of the base is attached with hydrogel, which has good fixity. The auxiliary device is applicable to multiple parts of the human body and can effectively reduce the risk of unblinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Wang
- Clinical Medical School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of CM, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Clinical Medical School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of CM, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zi-Qiao Xu
- Clinical Medical School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of CM, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Xing Zhuang
- Rehabilitation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of CM, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province
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Tierney BT, Tan Y, Yang Z, Shui B, Walker MJ, Kent BM, Kostic AD, Patel CJ. Systematically assessing microbiome–disease associations identifies drivers of inconsistency in metagenomic research. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001556. [PMID: 35235560 PMCID: PMC8890741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the relationship between the human gut microbiome and disease requires computing reliable statistical associations. Here, using millions of different association modeling strategies, we evaluated the consistency—or robustness—of microbiome-based disease indicators for 6 prevalent and well-studied phenotypes (across 15 public cohorts and 2,343 individuals). We were able to discriminate between analytically robust versus nonrobust results. In many cases, different models yielded contradictory associations for the same taxon–disease pairing, some showing positive correlations and others negative. When querying a subset of 581 microbe–disease associations that have been previously reported in the literature, 1 out of 3 taxa demonstrated substantial inconsistency in association sign. Notably, >90% of published findings for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were particularly nonrobust in this regard. We additionally quantified how potential confounders—sequencing depth, glucose levels, cholesterol, and body mass index, for example—influenced associations, analyzing how these variables affect the ostensible correlation between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance and a healthy gut. Overall, we propose our approach as a method to maximize confidence when prioritizing findings that emerge from microbiome association studies. The human microbiome has been associated with many aspects of our health, but how many of these associations are truly reproducible? This study attempts to address this question by systematically testing the robustness of 581 microbial features that have been reported as being disease-associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden T. Tierney
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yingxuan Tan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhen Yang
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bing Shui
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Benjamin M. Kent
- US Marine Corps, Camp Pendleton, California, United States of America
| | - Aleksandar D. Kostic
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ADK); (CJP)
| | - Chirag J. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ADK); (CJP)
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Pollack R, Cobb M. Are there any good experiments that should not be done? PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001539. [PMID: 35157696 PMCID: PMC8880928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pollack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew Cobb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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21
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Williams PA, Zaidi SK, Sengupta R. AACR Report on the Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Research and Patient Care. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:609-610. [PMID: 35140125 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tarabichi M, Demetter P, Craciun L, Maenhaut C, Detours V. Thyroid cancer under the scope of emerging technologies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 541:111491. [PMID: 34740746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of thyroid cancers originate from follicular cells. We outline outstanding issues at each step along the path of cancer patient care, from prevention to post-treatment follow-up and highlight how emerging technologies will help address them in the coming years. Three directions will dominate the coming technological landscape. Genomics will reveal tumoral evolutionary history and shed light on how these cancers arise from the normal epithelium and the genomics alteration driving their progression. Transcriptomics will gain cellular and spatial resolution providing a full account of intra-tumor heterogeneity and opening a window on the microenvironment supporting thyroid tumor growth. Artificial intelligence will set morphological analysis on an objective quantitative ground laying the foundations of a systematic thyroid tumor classification system. It will also integrate into unified representations the molecular and morphological perspectives on thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Tarabichi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ligia Craciun
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Detours
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Abstract
Elvin Hsing Geng and colleagues discuss mechanism mapping and its utility in conceptualizing and understanding how implementation strategies produce desired effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin H. Geng
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation, Institute for Public Health and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana A. Baumann
- Division of Prevention Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Byron J. Powell
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation, Institute for Public Health and Brown School, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Roberts RG. The first six years of meta-research at PLOS Biology. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001553. [PMID: 35100252 PMCID: PMC8830785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roland G. Roberts
- Public Library of Science, San Francisco, California, United States of America and Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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25
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Crossfield SSR, Zucker K, Baxter P, Wright P, Fistein J, Markham AF, Birkin M, Glaser AW, Hall G. A data flow process for confidential data and its application in a health research project. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262609. [PMID: 35061834 PMCID: PMC8782367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of linked healthcare data in research has the potential to make major contributions to knowledge generation and service improvement. However, using healthcare data for secondary purposes raises legal and ethical concerns relating to confidentiality, privacy and data protection rights. Using a linkage and anonymisation approach that processes data lawfully and in line with ethical best practice to create an anonymous (non-personal) dataset can address these concerns, yet there is no set approach for defining all of the steps involved in such data flow end-to-end. We aimed to define such an approach with clear steps for dataset creation, and to describe its utilisation in a case study linking healthcare data. METHODS We developed a data flow protocol that generates pseudonymous datasets that can be reversibly linked, or irreversibly linked to form an anonymous research dataset. It was designed and implemented by the Comprehensive Patient Records (CPR) study in Leeds, UK. RESULTS We defined a clear approach that received ethico-legal approval for use in creating an anonymous research dataset. Our approach used individual-level linkage through a mechanism that is not computer-intensive and was rendered irreversible to both data providers and processors. We successfully applied it in the CPR study to hospital and general practice and community electronic health record data from two providers, along with patient reported outcomes, for 365,193 patients. The resultant anonymous research dataset is available via DATA-CAN, the Health Data Research Hub for Cancer in the UK. CONCLUSIONS Through ethical, legal and academic review, we believe that we contribute a defined approach that represents a framework that exceeds current minimum standards for effective pseudonymisation and anonymisation. This paper describes our methods and provides supporting information to facilitate the use of this approach in research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kieran Zucker
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Baxter
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Wright
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Fistein
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alex F. Markham
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Birkin
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Adam W. Glaser
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff Hall
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Sacks CA, Hardin CC, Normand SL, Kadire S, Takvorian K, Galloway N, Linga R, Hannon P, Drazen J, Rubin E. NEJM Evidence - A New Journal in the NEJM Group Family. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:182-183. [PMID: 35007414 DOI: 10.1056/nejme2118588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Brüggmann D, Quinkert-Schmolke K, Jaque JM, Quarcoo D, Bohlmann MK, Klingelhöfer D, Groneberg DA. Global cervical cancer research: A scientometric density equalizing mapping and socioeconomic analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261503. [PMID: 34990465 PMCID: PMC8735629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer has caused substantial morbidity and mortality for millions of women over the past decades. While enormous progress has been made in diagnosis, prevention and therapy, the disease is still fatal for many women—especially in low-income countries. Since no detailed studies are available on the worldwide research landscape, we here investigated the global scientific output related to this cancer type by an established protocol. The “New Quality and Quantity Indices in Science” platform assessed all relevant cervical cancer research published in the Web of Science since 1900. A detailed analysis was conducted including country-specific research productivity, indicators for scientific quality, and relation of research activity to socioeconomic and epidemiologic figures. Visualization of data was generated by the use of density equalizing map projections. Our approach identified 22,185 articles specifically related to cervical cancer. From a global viewpoint, the United States of America was the dominating country in absolute numbers, being followed by China and Japan. By contrast, the European countries Sweden, Austria, and Norway were positioned first when the research activity was related to the population number. When the scientific productivity was related to annual cervical cancer cases, Scandinavian countries (Finland #1, Sweden #4, Norway #5, Denmark #7), the Alpine countries Austria (#2) and Switzerland (#6), and the Netherlands (#3) were leading the field. Density equalizing mapping visualized that large parts of Africa and South America were almost invisible regarding the global participation in cervical cancer research. Our data documented that worldwide cervical cancer research activity is continuously increasing but is imbalanced from a global viewpoint. Also, the study indicated that global and public health aspects should be strengthened in cervical carcinoma research in order to empower more countries to take part in international research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörthe Brüggmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Division of Female Health and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Kathrin Quinkert-Schmolke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Division of Female Health and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jenny M. Jaque
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David Quarcoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Division of Female Health and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael K. Bohlmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Loerrach, Germany
| | - Doris Klingelhöfer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Division of Female Health and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David A. Groneberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Division of Female Health and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Kochunov P, Hong LE, Dennis EL, Morey RA, Tate DF, Wilde EA, Logue M, Kelly S, Donohoe G, Favre P, Houenou J, Ching CRK, Holleran L, Andreassen OA, van Velzen LS, Schmaal L, Villalón-Reina JE, Bearden CE, Piras F, Spalletta G, van den Heuvel OA, Veltman DJ, Stein DJ, Ryan MC, Tan Y, van Erp TGM, Turner JA, Haddad L, Nir TM, Glahn DC, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N. ENIGMA-DTI: Translating reproducible white matter deficits into personalized vulnerability metrics in cross-diagnostic psychiatric research. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:194-206. [PMID: 32301246 PMCID: PMC8675425 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ENIGMA-DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) workgroup supports analyses that examine the effects of psychiatric, neurological, and developmental disorders on the white matter pathways of the human brain, as well as the effects of normal variation and its genetic associations. The seven ENIGMA disorder-oriented working groups used the ENIGMA-DTI workflow to derive patterns of deficits using coherent and coordinated analyses that model the disease effects across cohorts worldwide. This yielded the largest studies detailing patterns of white matter deficits in schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and 22q11 deletion syndrome. These deficit patterns are informative of the underlying neurobiology and reproducible in independent cohorts. We reviewed these findings, demonstrated their reproducibility in independent cohorts, and compared the deficit patterns across illnesses. We discussed translating ENIGMA-defined deficit patterns on the level of individual subjects using a metric called the regional vulnerability index (RVI), a correlation of an individual's brain metrics with the expected pattern for a disorder. We discussed the similarity in white matter deficit patterns among SSD, BD, MDD, and OCD and provided a rationale for using this index in cross-diagnostic neuropsychiatric research. We also discussed the difference in deficit patterns between idiopathic schizophrenia and 22q11 deletion syndrome, which is used as a developmental and genetic model of schizophrenia. Together, these findings highlight the importance of collaborative large-scale research to provide robust and reproducible effects that offer insights into individual vulnerability and cross-diagnosis features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mark Logue
- VA Boston Healthcare System, National Center for PTSD, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pauline Favre
- Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INSERM Unit U955, team "Translational Neuro-Psychiatry", Créteil, France
| | - Josselin Houenou
- Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INSERM Unit U955, team "Translational Neuro-Psychiatry", Créteil, France
- Psychiatry Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), CHU Mondor, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura S van Velzen
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Julio E Villalón-Reina
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Meghann C Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Liz Haddad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Talia M Nir
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
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Hart KL, Boitano LT, Tanious A, Conrad MF, Eagleton MJ, Lillemoe KD, Perlis RH, Srivastava SD. Trends in Female Authorship in High Impact Surgical Journals Between 2008 and 2018. Ann Surg 2022; 275:e115-e123. [PMID: 32590539 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the distribution of authorship by sex over the last 10 years among the top 25 surgical journals. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Despite an increase in women entering surgical residency, there remains a sex disparity in surgical leadership. Scholarly activity is the foundation for academic promotion. However, few studies have evaluated productivity by sex in surgical literature. METHODS Original research in the 25 highest-impact general surgery/subspecialty journals were included (1/2008-5/2018). Journals with <70% identified author sex were excluded. Articles were categorized by sex of first, last, and overall authorship. We examined changes in proportions of female first, last, and overall authorship over time, and analyzed the correlation between these measurements and journal impact factor. RESULTS There were 71,867 articles from 19 journals included. Sex was successfully predicted for 87.3% of authors (79.1%-92.5%). There were significant increases in the overall percentage of female authors (β = 0.55, P < 0.001), female first authors (β = 0.97, P < 0.001), and female last authors (β = 0.53, P < 0.001) over the study period. Notably, all cardiothoracic subspecialty journals did not significantly increase the proportion of female last authors over the study period. There were no correlations between journal impact factor and percentage of overall female authors (rs = 0.39, P = 0.09), female first authors (rs = 0.29, P = 0.22), or female last author (rs = 0.35, P = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS This study identifies continued but slow improvement in female authorship of high-impact surgical journals during the contemporary era. However, the improvement was more apparent in the first compared to senior author positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamber L Hart
- Center for Quantitative Health and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura T Boitano
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam Tanious
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark F Conrad
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew J Eagleton
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith D Lillemoe
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Center for Quantitative Health and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sunita D Srivastava
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kamioka H, Origasa H, Kitayuguchi J, Tsutani K. Compliance of Clinical Trial Protocols for Foods with Function Claims (FFC) in Japan: Consistency between Clinical Trial Registrations and Published Reports. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010081. [PMID: 35010956 PMCID: PMC8746435 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A new type of foods with a health claims notification system, the Foods with Function Claims (FFC), was introduced in Japan in April 2015. This cross-sectional study sought to clarify compliance of clinical trial protocols reported as the scientific basis of efficacy in the FFC system. Methods: All articles based on clinical trials published on the Consumer Affairs Agency website from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2021 were reviewed. Items assessed included first author characteristics (for-profit or academia), journal name, year published, journal impact factor in 2020, article language, name of clinical trial registration (CTR), and seven compliance items (Title: T, Participant: P, Intervention: I, Comparison: C, Outcome: O, Study design: S, and Institutional Review Board, IRB). Among studies that conducted CTR, consistency with these seven compliance items was evaluated. Results: Out of 136 studies that met all inclusion criteria, 103 (76%) performed CTR, and CTR was either not performed or not specified for 33 (24%). Compliance between the protocol and the text was high (≥96%) for items P and S, but considerably lower for items T, I, C, O, and IRB (52%, 15%, 13%, 69%, and 27%, respectively). Furthermore, 43% of protocols did not include functional ingredients or food names in items T or I. The total score was 3.7 ± 1.1 pts (out of 7). Conclusions: Some CTs had no protocol registration, and even registered protocols were suboptimal in transparency. In addition to selective reporting, a new problem identified was that the content of the intervention (test food) was intentionally concealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroharu Kamioka
- Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Hideki Origasa
- Division of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugiya, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Jun Kitayuguchi
- Physical Education and Medicine Research Center Unnan, 328 Uji, Unnan City 699-1105, Japan;
| | - Kiichiro Tsutani
- Facult of Health Sciences, Tokyo Ariake Medical and Health Sciences University, 2-9-1 Ariake, Kouto-ku, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan;
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Li S, Huan Y, Zhu B, Chen H, Tang M, Yan Y, Wang C, Ouyang Z, Li X, Xue J, Wang W. Research progress on the biological modifications of implant materials in 3D printed intervertebral fusion cages. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2021; 33:2. [PMID: 34940930 PMCID: PMC8702412 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anterior spine decompression and reconstruction with bone grafts and fusion is a routine spinal surgery. The intervertebral fusion cage can maintain intervertebral height and provide a bone graft window. Titanium fusion cages are the most widely used metal material in spinal clinical applications. However, there is a certain incidence of complications in clinical follow-ups, such as pseudoarticulation formation and implant displacement due to nonfusion of bone grafts in the cage. With the deepening research on metal materials, the properties of these materials have been developed from being biologically inert to having biological activity and biological functionalization, promoting adhesion, cell differentiation, and bone fusion. In addition, 3D printing, thin-film, active biological material, and 4D bioprinting technology are also being used in the biofunctionalization and intelligent advanced manufacturing processes of implant devices in the spine. This review focuses on the biofunctionalization of implant materials in 3D printed intervertebral fusion cages. The surface modifications of implant materials in metal endoscopy, material biocompatibility, and bioactive functionalizationare summarized. Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of the biofunctionalization of implant materials in spinal surgery are discussed. Fig.a.b.c.d.e.f.g As a pre-selected image for the cover, I really look forward to being selected. Special thanks to you for your comments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Hunan Want Want Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Huan
- R&D Department, Hunan Yuanpin Cell Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Haoxiang Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yiguo Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhihua Ouyang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jingbo Xue
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Brogan J, López MDPA, Tokashiki H, Celi LA. Scalable data systems require creating a culture of continuous learning. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103738. [PMID: 34922905 PMCID: PMC8720833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James Brogan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | | | - Harumi Tokashiki
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Carney Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Leo Anthony Celi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States 02139; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States 02215; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, 02115.
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Predeina AL, Prilepskii AY, de Zea Bermudez V, Vinogradov VV. Bioinspired In Vitro Brain Vasculature Model for Nanomedicine Testing Based on Decellularized Spinach Leaves. Nano Lett 2021; 21:9853-9861. [PMID: 34807626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Animal testing is often criticized due to ethical issues and complicated translation of the results obtained to the clinical stage of drug development. Existing alternative models for nanopharmaceutical testing still have many limitations and do not significantly decrease the number of animals used. We propose a simple, bioinspired in vitro model for nanopharmaceutical drug testing based on the decellularized spinach leaf's vasculature. This system is similar to human arterioles and capillaries in terms of diameter (300-10 μm) and branching. The model has proven its suitability to access the maneuverability of magnetic nanoparticles, particularly those composed of Fe3O4. Moreover, the thrombosis has been recreated in the model's vasculature. We have tested and compared the effects of both a single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA) and a magnetically controlled nanocomposite prepared by heparin-mediated cross-linking of scuPA with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Compositions were tested both in static and flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artur Y Prilepskii
- SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Verónica de Zea Bermudez
- Chemistry Department and CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Errington TM, Mathur M, Soderberg CK, Denis A, Perfito N, Iorns E, Nosek BA. Investigating the replicability of preclinical cancer biology. eLife 2021; 10:e71601. [PMID: 34874005 PMCID: PMC8651293 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicability is an important feature of scientific research, but aspects of contemporary research culture, such as an emphasis on novelty, can make replicability seem less important than it should be. The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology was set up to provide evidence about the replicability of preclinical research in cancer biology by repeating selected experiments from high-impact papers. A total of 50 experiments from 23 papers were repeated, generating data about the replicability of a total of 158 effects. Most of the original effects were positive effects (136), with the rest being null effects (22). A majority of the original effect sizes were reported as numerical values (117), with the rest being reported as representative images (41). We employed seven methods to assess replicability, and some of these methods were not suitable for all the effects in our sample. One method compared effect sizes: for positive effects, the median effect size in the replications was 85% smaller than the median effect size in the original experiments, and 92% of replication effect sizes were smaller than the original. The other methods were binary - the replication was either a success or a failure - and five of these methods could be used to assess both positive and null effects when effect sizes were reported as numerical values. For positive effects, 40% of replications (39/97) succeeded according to three or more of these five methods, and for null effects 80% of replications (12/15) were successful on this basis; combining positive and null effects, the success rate was 46% (51/112). A successful replication does not definitively confirm an original finding or its theoretical interpretation. Equally, a failure to replicate does not disconfirm a finding, but it does suggest that additional investigation is needed to establish its reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Mathur
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian A Nosek
- Center for Open ScienceCharlottesvilleUnited States
- University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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Yang J, Ouyang X, Fu H, Hou X, Liu Y, Xie Y, Yu H, Wang G. Advances in biomedical study of the myopia-related signaling pathways and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112472. [PMID: 34861634 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia has become one of the most critical health problems in the world with the increasing time spent indoors and increasing close work. Pathological myopia may have multiple complications, such as myopic macular degeneration, retinal detachment, cataracts, open-angle glaucoma, and severe cases that can cause blindness. Mounting evidence suggests that the cause of myopia can be attributed to the complex interaction of environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility. An increasing number of researchers have focused on the genetic pathogenesis of myopia in recent years. Scleral remodeling and excessive axial elongating induced retina thinning and even retinal detachment are myopia's most important pathological manifestations. The related signaling pathways are indispensable in myopia occurrence and development, such as dopamine, nitric oxide, TGF-β, HIF-1α, etc. We review the current major and recent progress of biomedicine on myopia-related signaling pathways and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xinli Ouyang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Hong Fu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xinyu Hou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China
| | - Yongfang Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Haiqun Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, China.
| | - Guohui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Abstract
Over the past few years, the field of pediatric cancer has experienced a shift in momentum, and this has led to new and exciting findings that have relevance beyond pediatric malignancies. Here we present the current status of key aspects of pediatric cancer research. We have focused on genetic and epigenetic drivers of disease, cellular origins of different pediatric cancers, disease models, the tumor microenvironment, and cellular immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee J Helman
- Osteosarcoma Institute, Dallas, Texas
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Kennard MR, Daniels Gatward LF, Roberts AG, White ERP, Nandi M, King AJF. The use of mice in diabetes research: The impact of experimental protocols. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14705. [PMID: 34596274 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mice are used extensively in preclinical diabetes research to model various aspects of blood glucose homeostasis. Careful experimental design is vital for maximising welfare and improving reproducibility of data. Alongside decisions regarding physiological characteristics of the animal cohort (e.g., sex, strain and age), experimental protocols must also be carefully considered. This includes choosing relevant end points of interest and understanding what information they can provide and what their limitations are. Details of experimental protocols must, therefore, be carefully planned during the experimental design stage, especially considering the impact of researcher interventions on preclinical end points. Indeed, in line with the 3Rs of animal research, experiments should be refined where possible to maximise welfare. The role of welfare may be particularly pertinent in preclinical diabetes research as blood glucose concentrations are directly altered by physiological stress responses. Despite the potential impact of variations in experimental protocols, there is distinct lack of standardisation and consistency throughout the literature with regards to several experimental procedures including fasting, cage changing and glucose tolerance test protocol. This review firstly highlights practical considerations with regard to the choice of end points in preclinical diabetes research and the potential for novel technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring and glucose clamping techniques to improve data resolution. The potential influence of differing experimental protocols and in vivo procedures on both welfare and experimental outcomes is then discussed with focus on standardisation, consistency and full disclosure of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna G Roberts
- Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ella R P White
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
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Daniels Gatward LF, Kennard MR, Smith LIF, King AJF. The use of mice in diabetes research: The impact of physiological characteristics, choice of model and husbandry practices. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14711. [PMID: 34614258 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterised by hyperglycaemia, which results from an absolute or relative lack of insulin. Chronic and acute hyperglycaemia are associated with a range of health complications and an overall increased risk of mortality. Mouse models are vital in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease and its complications, as well as for developing new diabetes therapeutics. However, for experimental questions to be suitably tested, it is critical that factors inherent to the animal model are considered, as these can have profound impacts on experimental outcome, data reproducibility and robustness. In this review, we discuss key considerations relating to model choice, physiological characteristics (such as age, sex and genetic background) and husbandry practices and explore the impact of these on common experimental readouts used in preclinical diabetes research.
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Blackmore M, Batsel E, Tsoulfas P. Widening spinal injury research to consider all supraspinal cell types: Why we must and how we can. Exp Neurol 2021; 346:113862. [PMID: 34520726 PMCID: PMC8805209 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The supraspinal connectome consists of dozens of neuronal populations that project axons from the brain to the spinal cord to influence a wide range of motor, autonomic, and sensory functions. The complexity and wide distribution of supraspinal neurons present significant technical challenges, leading most spinal cord injury research to focus on a handful of major pathways such as the corticospinal, rubrospinal, and raphespinal. Much less is known about many additional populations that carry information to modulate or compensate for these main pathways, or which carry pre-autonomic and other information of high value to individuals with spinal injury. A confluence of technical developments, however, now enables a whole-connectome study of spinal cord injury. Improved viral labeling, tissue clearing, and automated registration to 3D atlases can quantify supraspinal neurons throughout the murine brain, offering a practical means to track responses to injury and treatment on an unprecedented scale. Here we discuss the need for expanded connectome-wide analyses in spinal injury research, illustrate the potential by discussing a new web-based resource for brain-wide study of supraspinal neurons, and highlight future prospects for connectome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray Blackmore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, 53201, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth Batsel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, 53201, United States of America
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America
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Lee J, Kim Y, Jin S, Yoo H, Jeong S, Jeong E, Yoon S. Q-omics: Smart Software for Assisting Oncology and Cancer Research. Mol Cells 2021; 44:843-850. [PMID: 34819397 PMCID: PMC8627836 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in collateral omics and phenotypic data has enabled data-driven studies for the fast discovery of cancer targets and biomarkers. Thus, it is necessary to develop convenient tools for general oncologists and cancer scientists to carry out customized data mining without computational expertise. For this purpose, we developed innovative software that enables user-driven analyses assisted by knowledge-based smart systems. Publicly available data on mutations, gene expression, patient survival, immune score, drug screening and RNAi screening were integrated from the TCGA, GDSC, CCLE, NCI, and DepMap databases. The optimal selection of samples and other filtering options were guided by the smart function of the software for data mining and visualization on Kaplan-Meier plots, box plots and scatter plots of publication quality. We implemented unique algorithms for both data mining and visualization, thus simplifying and accelerating user-driven discovery activities on large multiomics datasets. The present Q-omics software program (v0.95) is available at http://qomics.sookmyung.ac.kr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Youngju Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Seonghee Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Heeseung Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Sumin Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Euna Jeong
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Sukjoon Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nisreen A Alwan
- University of Southampton
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
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Chen Z, Yang C, Guo Z, Song S, Gao Y, Wang D, Mao W, Liu J. A novel PDX modeling strategy and its application in metabolomics study for malignant pleural mesothelioma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1235. [PMID: 34789172 PMCID: PMC8600931 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive carcinoma located in pleural cavity. Due to lack of effective diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in MPM, the prognosis is extremely poor. Because of difficulties in sample extraction, and the high rate of misdiagnosis, MPM is rarely studied. Therefore, novel modeling methodology is crucially needed to facilitate MPM research. METHODS A novel patient-derived xenograft (PDX) modeling strategy was designed, which included preliminary screening of patients with pleural thickening using computerized tomography (CT) scan, further reviewing history of disease and imaging by a senior sonographer as well as histopathological analysis by a senior pathologist, and PDX model construction using ultrasound-guided pleural biopsy from MPM patients. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was further utilized for investigating circulating metabolic features of the PDX models. Univariate and multivariate analysis, and pathway analysis were performed to explore the differential metabolites, enriched metabolism pathways and potential metabolic targets. RESULTS After screening using our strategy, 5 out of 116 patients were confirmed to be MPM, and their specimens were used for modeling. Two PDX models were established successfully. Metabolomics analysis revealed significant metabolic shifts in PDX models, such as dysregulations in amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle and glycolysis, and nucleotide metabolism. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, we suggested a novel modeling strategy that may facilitate specimen availability for MM research, and by applying metabolomics in this model, several metabolic features were identified, whereas future studies with large sample size are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Chen
- The Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- The Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenying Guo
- The Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Song
- The Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Gao
- The Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Wang
- The Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Mao
- The Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Junping Liu
- The Cancer Research Institute, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang, 310022, Hangzhou, China.
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Rivas AL, van Regenmortel MHV. COVID-19 related interdisciplinary methods: Preventing errors and detecting research opportunities. Methods 2021; 195:3-14. [PMID: 34029715 PMCID: PMC8545872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 130,000 peer-reviewed studies have been published within one year after COVID-19 emerged in many countries. This large and rapidly growing field may overwhelm the synthesizing abilities of both researchers and policy-makers. To provide a sinopsis, prevent errors, and detect cognitive gaps that may require interdisciplinary research methods, the literature on COVID-19 is summarized, twice. The overall purpose of this study is to generate a dialogue meant to explain the genesis of and/or find remedies for omissions and contradictions. The first review starts in Biology and ends in Policy. Policy is chosen as a destination because it is the setting where cognitive integration must occur. The second review follows the opposite path: it begins with stated policies on COVID-19 and then their assumptions and disciplinary relationships are identified. The purpose of this interdisciplinary method on methods is to yield a relational and explanatory view of the field -one strategy likely to be incomplete but usable when large bodies of literature need to be rapidly summarized. These reviews identify nine inter-related problems, research needs, or omissions, namely: (1) nation-wide, geo-referenced, epidemiological data collection systems (open to and monitored by the public); (2) metrics meant to detect non-symptomatic cases -e.g., test positivity-; (3) cost-benefit oriented methods, which should demonstrate they detect silent viral spreaders even with limited testing; (4) new personalized tests that inform on biological functions and disease correlates, such as cell-mediated immunity, co-morbidities, and immuno-suppression; (5) factors that influence vaccine effectiveness; (6) economic predictions that consider the long-term consequences likely to follow epidemics that growth exponentially; (7) the errors induced by self-limiting and/or implausible paradigms, such as binary and reductionist approaches; (8) new governance models that emphasize problem-solving skills, social participation, and the use of scientific knowledge; and (9) new educational programs that utilize visual aids and audience-specific communication strategies. The analysis indicates that, to optimally address these problems, disciplinary and social integration is needed. By asking what is/are the potential cause(s) and consequence(s) of each issue, this methodology generates visualizations that reveal possible relationships as well as omissions and contradictions. While inherently limited in scope and likely to become obsolete, these shortcomings are avoided when this 'method on methods' is frequently practiced. Open-ended, inter-/trans-disciplinary perspectives and broad social participation may help researchers and citizens to construct, de-construct, and re-construct COVID-19 related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel L Rivas
- Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
| | - Marc H V van Regenmortel
- University of Vienna, Austria; and Higher School of Biotechnology, University of Strasbourg, and French National Research Center, France
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Snider BJ, Holtzman DM. Effects of COVID-19 on preclinical and clinical research in neurology: Examples from research on neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 2021; 109:3199-3202. [PMID: 34525328 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on neuroscientists, including those involved in translational research. In this NeuroView, we discuss the positive and negative effects of the pandemic on preclinical research and clinical studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Joy Snider
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Abstract
This paper explores the evolution of research collaboration networks in the ‘stakeholder theory and management’ (STM) discipline and identifies the longitudinal effect of co-authorship networks on research performance, i.e., research productivity and citation counts. Research articles totaling 6,127 records from 1989 to 2020 were harvested from the Web of Science Database and transformed into bibliometric data using Bibexcel, followed by applying social network analysis to compare and analyze scientific collaboration networks at the author, institution and country levels. This work maps the structure of these networks across three consecutive sub-periods (t1: 1989–1999; t2: 2000–2010; t3: 2011–2020) and explores the association between authors’ social network properties and their research performance. The results show that authors collaboration network was fragmented all through the periods, however, with an increase in the number and size of cliques. Similar results were observed in the institutional collaboration network but with less fragmentation between institutions reflected by the increase in network density as time passed. The international collaboration had evolved from an uncondensed, fragmented and highly centralized network, to a highly dense and less fragmented network in t3. Moreover, a positive association was reported between authors’ research performance and centrality and structural hole measures in t3 as opposed to ego-density, constraint and tie strength in t1. The findings can be used by policy makers to improve collaboration and develop research programs that can enhance several scientific fields. Central authors identified in the networks are better positioned to receive government funding, maximize research outputs and improve research community reputation. Viewed from a network’s perspective, scientists can understand how collaborative relationships influence research performance and consider where to invest their decision and choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Fares
- Department of Management Studies, Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
| | - Kon Shing Kenneth Chung
- School of Project Management, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- School of Engineering and IT, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Canberra, Australia
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Katsanis SH, Claes P, Doerr M, Cook-Deegan R, Tenenbaum JD, Evans BJ, Lee MK, Anderton J, Weinberg SM, Wagner JK. A survey of U.S. public perspectives on facial recognition technology and facial imaging data practices in health and research contexts. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257923. [PMID: 34648520 PMCID: PMC8516205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial imaging and facial recognition technologies, now common in our daily lives, also are increasingly incorporated into health care processes, enabling touch-free appointment check-in, matching patients accurately, and assisting with the diagnosis of certain medical conditions. The use, sharing, and storage of facial data is expected to expand in coming years, yet little is documented about the perspectives of patients and participants regarding these uses. We developed a pair of surveys to gather public perspectives on uses of facial images and facial recognition technologies in healthcare and in health-related research in the United States. We used Qualtrics Panels to collect responses from general public respondents using two complementary and overlapping survey instruments; one focused on six types of biometrics (including facial images and DNA) and their uses in a wide range of societal contexts (including healthcare and research) and the other focused on facial imaging, facial recognition technology, and related data practices in health and research contexts specifically. We collected responses from a diverse group of 4,048 adults in the United States (2,038 and 2,010, from each survey respectively). A majority of respondents (55.5%) indicated they were equally worried about the privacy of medical records, DNA, and facial images collected for precision health research. A vignette was used to gauge willingness to participate in a hypothetical precision health study, with respondents split as willing to (39.6%), unwilling to (30.1%), and unsure about (30.3%) participating. Nearly one-quarter of respondents (24.8%) reported they would prefer to opt out of the DNA component of a study, and 22.0% reported they would prefer to opt out of both the DNA and facial imaging component of the study. Few indicated willingness to pay a fee to opt-out of the collection of their research data. Finally, respondents were offered options for ideal governance design of their data, as “open science”; “gated science”; and “closed science.” No option elicited a majority response. Our findings indicate that while a majority of research participants might be comfortable with facial images and facial recognition technologies in healthcare and health-related research, a significant fraction expressed concern for the privacy of their own face-based data, similar to the privacy concerns of DNA data and medical records. A nuanced approach to uses of face-based data in healthcare and health-related research is needed, taking into consideration storage protection plans and the contexts of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Katsanis
- Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research and Evaluation Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, MIRC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Megan Doerr
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert Cook-Deegan
- School for the Future of Innovation in Society, Arizona State University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Jessica D. Tenenbaum
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barbara J. Evans
- Levin College of Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Myoung Keun Lee
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joel Anderton
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer K. Wagner
- School of Engineering Design, Technology, and Professional Programs, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shah FA, Meyer NJ, Angus DC, Awdish R, Azoulay É, Calfee CS, Clermont G, Gordon AC, Kwizera A, Leligdowicz A, Marshall JC, Mikacenic C, Sinha P, Venkatesh B, Wong HR, Zampieri FG, Yende S. A Research Agenda for Precision Medicine in Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:891-901. [PMID: 34652268 PMCID: PMC8534611 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202108-1908st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Precision medicine focuses on the identification of therapeutic strategies that are effective for a group of patients based on similar unifying characteristics. The recent success of precision medicine in non–critical care settings has resulted from the confluence of large clinical and biospecimen repositories, innovative bioinformatics, and novel trial designs. Similar advances for precision medicine in sepsis and in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are possible but will require further investigation and significant investment in infrastructure. Methods: This project was funded by the American Thoracic Society Board of Directors. A multidisciplinary and diverse working group reviewed the available literature, established a conceptual framework, and iteratively developed recommendations for the Precision Medicine Research Agenda for Sepsis and ARDS. Results: The following six priority recommendations were developed by the working group: 1) the creation of large richly phenotyped and harmonized knowledge networks of clinical, imaging, and multianalyte molecular data for sepsis and ARDS; 2) the implementation of novel trial designs, including adaptive designs, and embedding trial procedures in the electronic health record; 3) continued innovation in the data science and engineering methods required to identify heterogeneity of treatment effect; 4) further development of the tools necessary for the real-time application of precision medicine approaches; 5) work to ensure that precision medicine strategies are applicable and available to a broad range of patients varying across differing racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and demographic groups; and 6) the securement and maintenance of adequate and sustainable funding for precision medicine efforts. Conclusions: Precision medicine approaches that incorporate variability in genomic, biologic, and environmental factors may provide a path forward for better individualizing the delivery of therapies and improving care for patients with sepsis and ARDS.
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Brandt JS, Grover S, Ananth CV. Dissemination of research during the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. J Investig Med 2021; 69:1388-1390. [PMID: 34049999 PMCID: PMC8172267 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Brandt
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sonal Grover
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cande V Ananth
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Van Calster B, Wynants L, Riley RD, van Smeden M, Collins GS. Methodology over metrics: current scientific standards are a disservice to patients and society. J Clin Epidemiol 2021; 138:219-226. [PMID: 34077797 PMCID: PMC8795888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Covid-19 research made it painfully clear that the scandal of poor medical research, as denounced by Altman in 1994, persists today. The overall quality of medical research remains poor, despite longstanding criticisms. The problems are well known, but the research community fails to properly address them. We suggest that most problems stem from an underlying paradox: although methodology is undeniably the backbone of high-quality and responsible research, science consistently undervalues methodology. The focus remains more on the destination (research claims and metrics) than on the journey. Notwithstanding, research should serve society more than the reputation of those involved. While we notice that many initiatives are being established to improve components of the research cycle, these initiatives are too disjointed. The overall system is monolithic and slow to adapt. We assert that top-down action is needed from journals, universities, funders and governments to break the cycle and put methodology first. These actions should involve the widespread adoption of registered reports, balanced research funding between innovative, incremental and methodological research projects, full recognition and demystification of peer review, improved methodological review of reports, adherence to reporting guidelines, and investment in methodological education and research. Currently, the scientific enterprise is doing a major disservice to patients and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Van Calster
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; EPI-Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Laure Wynants
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; EPI-Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard D Riley
- Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Maarten van Smeden
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gary S Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; UK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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