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Betchem G, Dabbour M, Akter Tuly J, Flavorta Billong L, Ma H. Experimental investigation into the implications of low-intensity magnetic field treatment on the structural and functional properties of rapeseed meal during biofermentation. Food Chem 2024; 446:138858. [PMID: 38430766 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The functionality of rapeseed meal is limited, to acquire more utilization, the functional attributes were improved by altering its structural features using magnetic field-assisted solid fermentation. The magnetic treatment was performed every 24 h (specifically at 24, and 48 h), each treatment having a duration of 4 h. The magnetic intensity was set at 120 Gs, and the fermentation temperature 37 °C. Magnetic field-assisted solid fermentation resulted in higher surface hydrophobicity, fluorescence intensity, UV absorption, and sulfhydryl groups of rapeseed meal. Magnetic field treatment considerably enhanced solubility, antioxidant activity, emulsifying activity, and stability by 8.8, 19.5, 20.7, and 12.3 %, respectively. Magnetic field-assisted solid fermentation also altered rapeseed meal structure, as shown by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy outcomes. Correlation analysis displayed positive interrelationships between functional characteristics, and surface hydrophobicity, β-sheets, and polydispersity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garba Betchem
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Mokhtar Dabbour
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, P.O. Box 13736, Moshtohor, Qaluobia, Egypt
| | - Jamila Akter Tuly
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | | | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Škvorová P, Kulma M, Božik M, Kurečka M, Plachý V, Slavíková D, Šebelová K, Kouřimská L. Evaluation of rapeseed cake as a protein substitute in the feed of edible crickets: A case study using Gryllus assimilis. Food Chem 2024; 441:138254. [PMID: 38194792 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
This paper aimed to investigate the optimization of Gryllus assimilis farming production by examining the effects of replacing soybean meal with rapeseed cake (25-100%) and supplementing it with rapeseed oil. The results reveal no adverse effects of soybean meal replacement on the feed conversion ratio and weight of the harvested crickets. However, incorporating larger quantities of rapeseed cake into the diet increased crude protein and decreased fat content. Moreover, the composition of fatty acids varied significantly, with increased levels of oleic acid and decreased levels of palmitic acid, while a high rapeseed cake content led to a decrease in the atherogenic and thrombogenic index values. The amino acid composition remained unaffected. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that rapeseed cake can serve as a viable substitute for soybean meal in the diet of Gryllus assimilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Škvorová
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Kulma
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Matěj Božik
- Department of Food Science, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Kurečka
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Plachý
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniela Slavíková
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Šebelová
- Department of Food Science, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Kouřimská
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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3
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Zhang R, Fang X, Feng Z, Chen M, Qiu X, Sun J, Wu M, He J. Protein from rapeseed for food applications: Extraction, sensory quality, functional and nutritional properties. Food Chem 2024; 439:138109. [PMID: 38070236 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The application of rapeseed protein in human foods is limited by residual antinutritive components and poor sensory quality. The effects of five extraction protocols on rapeseed protein yield, sensory, functional and nutritional properties were systematically evaluated in this study. In particular, the potential of weakly acidic salt (pH 6.5, 150 mmol·L-1 MgCl2) extraction as a mild method for recovering edible rapeseed protein was investigated compared with conventional alkali extraction. All salt-extracted proteins showed above 40 % extraction yield and low antinutritional factor contents. They also had ideal amino acid patterns and better in vitro gastroduodenal digestibility than alkaline-extracted proteins. Additionally, the lighter color and odor, as well as better solubility, emulsion activity, foaming property, and water/oil holding capacity were found in weakly acidic salt extraction-ultrafiltered proteins. These findings suggest that weakly acidic salt extraction-ultrafiltration could be used for obtaining edible rapeseed protein, while extraction yield should be improved for scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- National R & D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Se-lenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Xuelian Fang
- National R & D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Se-lenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Zisheng Feng
- National R & D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Se-lenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Ming Chen
- National R & D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Se-lenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Xiushuang Qiu
- Hubei Yuanda Plant Technology Co., Ltd, Xiangyang 441100, PR China
| | - Jinmeng Sun
- Hubei ShuangmingLiangmianyou Co., Ltd, Huanggang 438205, PR China
| | - Muci Wu
- National R & D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Se-lenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China
| | - Jingren He
- National R & D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Se-lenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China.
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4
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Xiong C, Zou X, Phan CW, Huang W, Zhu Y. Enhancing the potential of rapeseed cake as protein-source food by γ-irradiation. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231807. [PMID: 38391133 PMCID: PMC10938193 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed cake serves as a by-product in the oil extraction industry, characterized by its elevated protein content. However, the presence of antinutritional factors limits the utilization of rapeseed cake as a viable protein source. In this study, different doses of γ-irradiation were used to irradiate rapeseed cake and rapeseed protein isolate was extracted through a modified alkaline solution and acid precipitation method from rapeseed cake. The chemical composition and in vivo acute toxicity of rapeseed protein isolate were determined. The protein recovery rate of rapeseed protein isolate was 39.08 ± 3.01% after irradiation, while the content of antinutritional factors was significantly reduced. Moreover, γ-irradiation did not have any experimentally related effects on clinical observations or clinicopathology in mice. Overall, the reduced antinutrients and increased functional properties suggest that the irradiation of rapeseed cake (<9 kGy) could be utilized as a pre-treatment in the development of rapeseed cake-based value-added protein products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xiong
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, China
| | - Xin Zou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Chia-Wei Phan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wenli Huang
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, China
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Hu S, Chen Y, Tao X, He R, Ju X, Wang Z. Enhanced emulsification performance and interfacial properties of Janus-like rapeseed cruciferin through asymmetric acylation modification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129467. [PMID: 38237834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Plant protein emulsifiers, particularly rapeseed protein isolate with its superior amino acid composition and predominantly globular protein, have captured significant interest in the food industry. Nonetheless, the application of these proteins has been stymied by their lackluster emulsification properties. Addressing this challenge, our study implements an innovative asymmetric acylation technique to modify the surface of rapeseed cruciferin (RC), morphing it into a structure resembling Janus nanoparticles. This alteration amplifies the emulsification prowess of RC by a remarkable 2.7 times compared to its natural form, and 1.43 times over its conventionally acylated counterpart. The asymmetrically acylated RC, marked by a distinctive three-phase contact angle of 90.4°, manifests an outstanding amphiphilic character. Moreover, it surpasses both the natural and conventionally acylated RC in terms of diffusion, penetration, and rearrangement rates, as well as protein concentration at the oil-water interface. Compared to commonly used emulsifiers in the food industry, such as lecithin and soy protein, the asymmetrically acylated RC stands out, stabilizing emulsions with the tiniest particle size and effectively staving off emulsion stratification over a longer duration. This study underscores that asymmetric acylation serves as a reliable methodology for producing efficient plant protein emulsifiers, considerably amplifying their utility in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqing Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yao Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuan Tao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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6
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Hamed YS, Ahsan HM, Hussain M, Ahmad I, Tian B, Wang J, Zou XG, Bu T, Ming C, Rayan AM, Yang K. Polysaccharides from Brassica rapa root: Extraction, purification, structural features, and biological activities. A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:128023. [PMID: 37952795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassica rapa (B. rapa) roots are attracting increased attention from nutritionists and health-conscious customers because of their remarkable performance in supplying necessary nutrients. Polysaccharides are major biologically active substances in B. rapa roots, which come in a variety of monosaccharides with different molar ratios and glycosidic bond types. Depending on the source, extraction, separation, and purification methods of B. rapa roots polysaccharides (BRP); different structural features, and pharmacological activities are elucidated. Polysaccharides from B. rapa roots possess a range of nutritional, biological, and health-enhancing characteristics, including anti-hypoxic, antifatigue, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. This paper reviewed extraction and purification methods, structural features, and biological activities as well as correlations between the structural and functional characteristics of polysaccharides from the B. rapa roots. Ultimately, this work will serve as useful reference for understanding the connections between polysaccharide structure and biological activity and developing novel BRP-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya S Hamed
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China; Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ahsan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China; Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahahuddin Zakaria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Baoming Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Xian-Guo Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Tingting Bu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Cai Ming
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
| | - Ahmed M Rayan
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, PR China
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Bleibach Alpiger S, Corredig M. Pectin polysaccharide contribution to oleosome extraction after wet milling of rapeseed. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113736. [PMID: 38129046 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Oleosomes are lipid composites providing energy storage in oilseeds. They possess a unique structure, comprised of a triglyceride core stabilized by a phospholipid-protein membrane, and they have shown potential to be used as ingredients in several food applications. Intact oleosomes are extracted by an aqueous process which includes soaking, milling, and gravitational separation. However, the details of the complexes formed between oleosomes, proteins and pectin polysaccharides during this extraction are not known. It was hypothesized that pectins play an important role during the oleosome separation, and different proteins will be complexed on the surface of the oleosomes, depending on the pH of extraction. Rapeseed extracts were treated with and without pectinase (Pectinex Ultra SP-L) and extracted at pH 5.7 or 8.5, as this will affect electrostatic complexation. Acidic conditions led to co-extraction of storage proteins, structured as dense oleosome emulsions, stabilized by a network of proteins and polysaccharides. Pectinase intensified this effect, highlighting pectic polysaccharides' role in bridging interactions among proteins and oleosomes under acidic conditions. The presence of this dense interstitial layer around the oleosomes protected them from coalescence during extraction. Conversely, under alkaline conditions, the extraction process yielded more purified oleosomes characterized by a larger particle size, most likely due to coalescence. Nevertheless, pectinase addition at pH 8.5 mitigated coalescence tendencies. These results contribute to a better understanding of the details of the colloidal complexes formed during extraction and can be used to modulate the composition of the extracted fractions, with significant consequences not only for yields and purity but also for the functional properties of the ingredients produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bleibach Alpiger
- Department of Food Science, CiFood Center, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Skejby 8200, Denmark.
| | - Milena Corredig
- Department of Food Science, CiFood Center, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, Skejby 8200, Denmark.
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Lu S, Xiong W, Yao Y, Zhang J, Wang L. Investigating the physicochemical properties and air-water interface adsorption behavior of transglutaminase-crosslinking rapeseed protein isolate. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113505. [PMID: 37986500 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Improving the technical functionality to adapt to the application of complex food systems is an important challenge for the development of plant protein ingredients. Herein, the correlation between the physicochemical properties and interfacial adsorption behavior of rapeseed protein isolate (RPI) at the air-water interface after transglutaminase (TG) treatment was investigated. The results of cross-linking degree, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the TG enzyme was able to catalyse cross-linking between lysine and glutamine residues of RPI. The foaming capacity of RPI was enhanced from 120 % to 150 % after TG cross-linking 5 h, whereas the average size (210-219 nm) of the RPI determined by dynamic light scattering did not change significantly. Besides, the hydrophobicity tended to increase overall under the enzyme treatment, while the surface electrostatic potential decreased. The former indicates the unfolding of the protein and reduces the kinetic barriers to protein adsorption at the air-water interface, with a consequent increase in disulfide bonding and surface pressure. Furthermore, as the enzyme treatment time increased, a significant increase in protein content of foam by 33.86 %. These findings provide novel insight into the foaming mechanism of TG cross-linking RPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfei Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Konkol D, Jonuzi E, Popiela E, Sierżant K, Korzeniowska M, Leicht K, Gumowski M, Krasowska A, Łukaszewicz M, Korczyński M. Influence of solid state fermentation with Bacillus subtilis 67 strain on the nutritional value of rapeseed meal and its effects on performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102742. [PMID: 37209655 PMCID: PMC10208876 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the influence of solid-state fermentation on the nutritional value and enzymatic activity of rapeseed meal and its effects on the performance of broiler chickens and meat quality, including physicochemical properties (proximate analysis, pH, water holding capacity), antioxidant capabilities, dipeptide composition of the meat and sensory traits. Three dietary treatments were evaluated using broiler chickens: a control without incorporation of rapeseed meal; a second treatment with the incorporation of 3% unfermented rapeseed meal; and a third with the incorporation of 3% rapeseed meal fermented with Bacillus subtilis 67. The study showed that fermented compared to unfermented rapeseed meal was characterized by a significantly higher content of dry matter, crude ash, crude fat and metabolic energy (P < 0.05), and a significantly lower content of crude fiber and glucosinolates (P < 0.05). The B. subtilis 67 strain shows cellulolytic and xylulolytic activity. Fermented rapeseed meal has a positive effect on body weight of birds, daily gain, and European Production Efficiency Factor (P < 0.05). Both rapeseed meal treatments significantly reduced the pH of leg muscles and the water-holding capacity of breast muscles (P < 0.05). The fermented meal had a negative impact on some sensory parameters of poultry meat. There was no significant influence of fermented rapeseed meal on the composition of dipeptides in poultry meat and its antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Konkol
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Emir Jonuzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tetova, 1200 Tetovo, North Macedonia
| | - Ewa Popiela
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Sierżant
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Korzeniowska
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Leicht
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Gumowski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Krasowska
- Department of Biotransformation, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Korczyński
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
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Elling-Staats ML, Kies AK, Gilbert MS, Kwakkel RP. Over-toasting dehulled rapeseed meal and soybean meal, but not sunflower seed meal, increases prececal nitrogen and amino acid digesta flows in broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101910. [PMID: 35550998 PMCID: PMC9108740 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poorly digestible proteins may lead to increased protein fermentation in the ceca of broilers and hence, the production of potentially harmful metabolites. To evaluate effects of protein fermentation on gut health, an experimental contrast in ileal nitrogen (N) and amino acid (AA) flow is required. Therefore, our objective was to develop a model that creates a contrast in protein fermentation by increasing the prececal flow of protein within ingredients. To this end, we used additional toasting of protein sources and evaluated the effect on prececal N and AA flows. One-day-old Ross 308 male broilers (n = 480) were divided over 6 dietary treatments, with 8 replicate pens with 10 broilers each. Diets contained 20% of a regular soybean meal (SBM), high protein sunflower seed meal (SFM) or a dehulled rapeseed meal (dRSM) as is, or heat damaged by secondary toasting at 136°C for 20 min (tSBM, tSFM, or tdRSM). Ileal and total tract digesta flows of N and AA were determined with 5 birds per pen in their third week of life using an inert marker (TiO2) in the feed. Additional toasting increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) only in birds fed dRSM (1.39 vs. 1.31), but not SBM and SFM (interaction P = 0.047). In SBM, additional toasting increased the flow of histidine, lysine, and aspartate through the distal ileum and excreted, while in SFM it had no effect on flows of N and AA. Toasting dRSM increased the prececal flows and excretion of N (862 vs 665 and 999 vs 761 mg/d, respectively) and of the AA. Of the ingredients tested, toasting dRSM is a suitable model to increase protein flows into the hind-gut, permitting the assessment of effects of protein fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L Elling-Staats
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Arie K Kies
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health - EMEA, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Myrthe S Gilbert
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - René P Kwakkel
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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Ahlström C, Thuvander J, Rayner M, Matos M, Gutiérrez G, Östbring K. The Effect of Precipitation pH on Protein Recovery Yield and Emulsifying Properties in the Extraction of Protein from Cold-Pressed Rapeseed Press Cake. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092957. [PMID: 35566309 PMCID: PMC9104397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapeseed is the second most cultivated oilseed after soybean and is mainly used to produce vegetable oil. The by-product rapeseed press cake is rich in high-quality proteins, thus having the possibility of becoming a new plant protein food source. This study aimed to investigate how the precipitation pH affects the protein yield, protein content, and emulsifying properties when industrially cold-pressed rapeseed press cake is used as the starting material. Proteins were extracted under alkaline conditions (pH 10.5) with an extraction coefficient of 52 ± 2% followed by precipitation at various pH (3.0–6.5). The most preferred condition in terms of process efficiency was pH 4.0, which is reflected in the zeta potential results, where the proteins’ net charge was 0 at pH 4.2. pH 4.0 also exhibited the highest protein recovery yield (33 ± 0%) and the highest protein concentration (64 ± 1%, dry basis). Proteins precipitated at pH 6.0–6.5 stabilized emulsions with the smallest initial droplet size, although emulsions stabilized by rapeseed protein precipitated at pH 5.0–6.0 showed the highest emulsion stability at 37 °C for 21 days, with a limited layer of free oil. Overall, emulsion stabilized by protein precipitated at pH 5.0 was the most stable formulation, with no layer of free oil after 21 days of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ahlström
- Department of Food Technology Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (J.T.); (M.R.); (K.Ö.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Johan Thuvander
- Department of Food Technology Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (J.T.); (M.R.); (K.Ö.)
| | - Marilyn Rayner
- Department of Food Technology Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (J.T.); (M.R.); (K.Ö.)
| | - María Matos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Gemma Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (M.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Karolina Östbring
- Department of Food Technology Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (J.T.); (M.R.); (K.Ö.)
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12
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Oliveira AMRCBD, Yu P. Research progress and future study on physicochemical, nutritional, and structural characteristics of canola and rapeseed feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing and nutrient modeling evaluation methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6484-6490. [PMID: 35152796 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2033686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to review research progress and provide future study on physicochemical, nutritional, and molecular structural characteristics of canola and rapeseed feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing and nutrient modeling evaluation methods. The review includes Canola oil seed production, utilization and features; Rapeseed oil seed production and canola oil seed import in China; Bio-processing, co-products and conventional evaluation methods; Modeling methods for evaluation of truly absorbed protein supply from canola feedstock and co-products. The article provides our current research in feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing which include Characterization of chemical and nutrient profiles and ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion; Revealing intrinsic molecular structures and relationship between the molecular structure spectra features and nutrient supply from feedstocks and co-products using advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy technique. The study focused on advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy which can be used as a fast tool to study molecular structure features of feedstock and co-products from bio-oil processing. The article also provides future in depth study areas. This review provides an insight as how to use advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy for in-depth analysis of the relationship between molecular structure spectral feature and nutrition delivery from canola feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra M R C B de Oliveira
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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13
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Dell’Aglio E. Breaking the barrier: Mg hyperaccumulation in Brassica rapa endodermal mutants. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:1369-1370. [PMID: 34624114 PMCID: PMC8260130 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dell’Aglio
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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Atsushi O, Ikumi K, Kyoko T. Establishment of a cultivation method for leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) and komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) with high zinc content for patients with zinc deficiency and evaluation of its effectiveness. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3202-3207. [PMID: 33215704 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient intake of zinc is associated with various diseases worldwide. To overcome this problem, we aimed to establish a method for cultivating leafy vegetables with high zinc content in hydroponics without inhibiting their growth. Furthermore, we evaluated the effectiveness of the cultivated leafy vegetables with high zinc content in zinc-deficient mice. RESULTS By adjusting the zinc concentration in the hydroponic solution to 5 mg L-1 starting from 7 days before harvesting, the zinc content in leaf lettuce increased eight times of that in the control, without any inhibition of the growth. Furthermore, when oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was added simultaneously with zinc to the hydroponic solution, the zinc content further doubled (16 times of that in the control). Similar results were obtained with komatsuna and red leaf lettuce, although there was a difference in the effect of GSSG treatment. The effectiveness of leafy vegetables with high zinc content in ameliorating zinc deficiency was evaluated by feeding lettuce with high zinc content to zinc-deficient mice. High zinc content lettuce significantly increased the zinc content in the liver, kidneys, gastrocnemius, and tibia of these mice. CONCLUSION We established a cultivation method for lettuce and komatsuna with high zinc content without inhibiting growth by adjusting the zinc concentration in the hydroponic solution at an appropriate concentration for an appropriate period. The result of feeding test indicates that the intake of leafy vegetables with high zinc content can ameliorate zinc deficiency and might be useful in protection from several diseases associated with this deficiency. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogawa Atsushi
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST) Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kudo Ikumi
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Toyofuku Kyoko
- Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST) Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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Tanaka S, Yamamoto K, Hamajima C, Takahashi F, Endo K, Uyeno Y. Dietary Supplementation with Fermented Brassica rapa L. Stimulates Defecation Accompanying Change in Colonic Bacterial Community Structure. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061847. [PMID: 34071486 PMCID: PMC8227684 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have elucidated that oral administration of Brassica rapa L. extract, known as Nozawana in Japan, alters immune responses and gut microbiota composition, increasing the numbers of butyrate-producing bacteria. Therefore, further investigation would help elucidate the mechanism attributable for the changes and health-promoting effects observed after B rapa L. extract ingestion. To reveal the modulation effects of fermented B. rapa L. on immune function and intestinal bacterial community structure, we conducted an intervention study with healthy volunteers followed by a mouse feeding study. The pilot intervention study was conducted for healthy volunteers aged 40–64 years under the hypothesis that the number of subjects exhibiting any change in gut microbiota in response to fermented B. rapa L. consumption may be limited. In total, 20 volunteers consumed 30 g of fermented B. rapa L. per day for 4 weeks. The fecal bacterial community composition of the volunteers was characterized using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism patterning followed by clustering analysis. To evaluate the detailed changes in the immune responses and the gut bacterial composition, assessed by high-throughput sequencing, we fed healthy mice with freeze-dried, fermented B. rapa L. for 2 weeks. The fecal bacterial community composition of the volunteers before the intervention was divided into three clades. Regardless of the clade, the defecation frequency significantly increased during the intervention weeks compared with that before the intervention. However, this clustering detected a specific increase of Prevotella in one cluster (low to zero Prevotella and high occupation of Clostridium at clusters IV and XIVa) post-ingestion. The cytokine production of spleen cells significantly increased due to feeding fermented B. rapa L. to the mice. This supplementary in vivo trial provided comparable results to the volunteer study regarding the effects of ingestion of the material given the compositional change complying with that of dietary fiber, particularly in the increase of genera Prevotella, Lachnospira, and genera in the Ruminococcaceae family, and the increase in daily defecation amount during 2 weeks of administration. We conclude that feeding fermented B. rapa L. may be responsible for the observed modulation in gut microbiota to increase fiber-degrading bacteria and butyrate-producing bacteria which may be relevant to the improvement in bowel function such as defecation frequency.
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Dejanovic GM, Asllanaj E, Gamba M, Raguindin PF, Itodo OA, Minder B, Bussler W, Metzger B, Muka T, Glisic M, Kern H. Phytochemical characterization of turnip greens (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa): A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247032. [PMID: 33596258 PMCID: PMC7888597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The Turnip (Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapa) is a leaf and root vegetable grown and consumed worldwide. The consumption of Turnip has been associated with beneficial effects on human health due to their phytochemicals that may control a variety of physiological functions, including antioxidant activity, enzyme regulation, and apoptotic control and the cell cycle. The current systematic review of the literature aims to evaluate both the profile and quantity of phytochemicals commonly found in Turnip greens and to provide perspectives for further investigation. Methods This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Four bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web-of-Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched to identify published studies until April 8th, 2020 (date last searched) without data and language restriction. Studies were included if they used samples of Turnip greens (the leaves), and evaluated its phytochemical content. Two reviewers independently evaluated the titles and abstracts according to the selection criteria. For each potentially eligible study, two reviewers assessed the full-texts and independently extracted the data using a predesigned data extraction form. Results Based on the search strategy 5,077 potentially relevant citations were identified and full texts of 37 studies were evaluated, among which 18 studies were eligible to be included in the current review. The majority of included studies were focused on identification of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates (n = 14, 82%), four studies focused on organic acids, and five studies reported phenolic component profile in Turnip greens. Among included studies nine studies (50%) provided information on phytochemical’s content. We found 129 phytochemicals (19 glucosinolates, 33 glucosinolate-breakdown products, 10 organic acids and 59 polyphenolic compounds) reported in Turnip greens. Flavonoids were mainly present as quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin derivatives; while aliphatic forms were the predominant glucosinolate (gluconapin was the most common across five studies, followed by glucobrassicanapin). In general, the phytochemical content varied among the leaves, tops and Turnip roots. Conclusions Emerging evidence suggests the Turnip as a substantial source of diverse bioactive compounds. However, detailed investigation on the pure compounds derived from Turnip green, their bioavailability, transport and metabolism after consumption is further needed. Additional studies on their biological activity are crucial to develop dietary recommendations on the effective dosage and dietary recommendation of Turnip greens for nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana M. Dejanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Eralda Asllanaj
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magda Gamba
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Francis Raguindin
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Oche Adam Itodo
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Minder
- Public Health & Primary Care Library, University Library of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Weston Bussler
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc., Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
| | - Brandon Metzger
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc., Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Hua Kern
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process Inc., Kannapolis, NC, United States of America
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Hua H, Zhang W, Li J, Li J, Liu C, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Pi F, Xie Y, Yao W, Gao Y, Qian H. Neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by dietary phytochemical extracts from Tibetan turnip (Brassica rapa L.). J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 265:113410. [PMID: 32980487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Tibetan turnip (Brassica rapa L.) has a wide array of medicine properties including heat-clearing, detoxifying and anti-hypoxia as listed in the famous centuries-old Tibetan medicine classic "The Four Medical Tantras". Evidence-based medicine also indicated the anti-hypoxic effect of turnips, suggesting a potential link to neuroprotective effect on ischemic stroke. This thereby enables turnips to serve as a novel nontoxic agent in related treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect and elucidate the mechanism of aqueous extract of turnip (AET) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental models of cerebral ischemia included transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO) in C57BL/6J mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in HT-22 cells. Long-term effect of AET on infarct volume was evaluated by microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunofluorescence 28 days after MCAO, and on neurofunctional outcomes determined by rotarod, grid walking, and cylinder tests in the meantime. Efficacy of AET was determined by the cell viability, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons. The underlying mechanism of AET rescued OGD/R cells were characterized by PI3K, Akt and mTOR expressions, which were further used to validate AET's role in the pathway. RESULTS AET can reduce cerebral infarct volume and ameliorate behavioral deficits of MCAO/R mice dose-dependently. In vitro experiment further demonstrated that suitable concentrations of AET inhibited ROS, LDH production and restored mitochondrial expression induced by OGD/R. AET pretreatment can reverse the OGD/R-induced decreased level of phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, whereas this effect was blocked in the LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) treatment group. CONCLUSIONS AET improved the survival of OGD/R-injured HT-22 cells by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Based on the results above, aqueous extract of turnip has a protective effect on focal cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Hua
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - He Qian
- Department of School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Liberal Â, Fernandes Â, Polyzos N, Petropoulos SA, Dias MI, Pinela J, Petrović J, Soković M, Ferreira IC, Barros L. Bioactive Properties and Phenolic Compound Profiles of Turnip-Rooted, Plain-Leafed and Curly-Leafed Parsley Cultivars. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235606. [PMID: 33260591 PMCID: PMC7730503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Petroselinum crispum Mill., Fuss., is a culinary vegetable used as an aromatic herb that garnishes and flavours a great variety of dishes. In the present study, the chemical profiles and bioactivities of leaf samples from 25 cultivars (three types: plain- and curly-leafed and turnip-rooted) from this species were assessed. Seven phenolic compounds were identified in all the varieties, including apigenin and kaempherol derivates. Apigenin-O-pentoside-O-hexoside was the major compound in all the tested parsley types (20, 22 and 13 mg/g of extract, respectively) and responsible for its excellent antioxidant activity, also investigated in this study. Antimicrobial activities were also explored, and the results revealed a good bioactivity against specific tested pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi. In conclusion, the leaves of all the types of P. crispum are a good source of natural bioactive compounds that confer health benefits, and thus, they should be part of a balanced and diversified diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Liberal
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (J.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (J.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Nikolaos Polyzos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece;
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 Volos, Greece;
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (L.B.); Tel.: +30-2421-093-196 (S.A.P.); +351-2733-309-01 (L.B.)
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (J.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - José Pinela
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (J.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Jovana Petrović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Soković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Isabel C.F.R. Ferreira
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (J.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), Institute Polytechnic of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.L.); (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (J.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (L.B.); Tel.: +30-2421-093-196 (S.A.P.); +351-2733-309-01 (L.B.)
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Song B, Xu H, Chen L, Fan X, Jing Z, Chen S, Xu Z. Study of the Relationship between Leaf Color Formation and Anthocyanin Metabolism among Different Purple Pakchoi Lines. Molecules 2020; 25:E4809. [PMID: 33086752 PMCID: PMC7594020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple pakchoi (Brassica rapa ssp. Chinensis) is particularly appreciated due to its high edible quality and ornamental value, but there are few studies on the underlying mechanisms of leaf color formation. To comprehensively assess the differences in purple formation in pakchoi, four lines of pakchoi with different purple leaves were used in this experiment to determine the pigment content and to investigate the distribution and components of anthocyanin using LCMS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) and leaf cross-sections. Moreover, the expression levels of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes in four lines were calculated by qRT-PCR. The results showed that three new purple lines rich in anthocyanin and of high-quality were bred, and the anthocyanin were mainly distributed in both the upper epidermis and lower epidermis of leaves. Thirteen anthocyanin components were separated and identified, all the anthocyanins were acylated and glycosylated cyanidins; the main anthocyanins in purple pakchoi were a diacylated form of cyanidin 3-trans-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside. Both the ratio of non-aromatic acylated cyanidin to aromatic acylated cyanidin and the ratio of anthocyanin content to chlorophyll content were responsible for the color formation in different purple pakchoi lines. When the ratio was high, the leaf appeared reddish purple, and when the ratio was low, the leaf appeared deep purple, even blackish purple. The expression level of BrF3H was significantly correlated with the content of anthocyanin through the correlation coefficient, which was speculated to be the main anthocyanin synthesis-related gene resulting in color differences among the four purple pakchoi lines. These results will enhance our understanding for the cultivation of new purple pakchoi varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Song
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.S.); (S.C.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.X.); (L.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Hai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.X.); (L.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Longzheng Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.X.); (L.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Xiaoxue Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.X.); (L.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Zange Jing
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China;
| | - Song Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.S.); (S.C.)
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Brown WE, Bradford BJ. Effects of a high-protein corn product compared with soy and canola protein sources on nutrient digestibility and production responses in mid-lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6233-6243. [PMID: 32418685 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of a novel and proprietary high-protein corn product [56% crude protein (CP)] relative to other common sources of protein on the lactation performance of dairy cows. Twenty-four Holstein cows (620 ± 47.7 kg of body weight, 111 ± 34 d in milk, 2.28 ± 0.46 lactations; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly assigned to treatment sequence in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design balanced for carryover effects. Cows were individually fed 1 of 4 diets with a different protein concentrate source during each 28-d period, including soybean meal (SBM), high-protein corn product (HPCP), soybean meal with rumen-bypass soy protein (SBMBP), and canola meal with rumen-bypass soy protein (CANBP). Diets were formulated for equal concentrations of CP and balanced to meet predicted lysine and methionine requirements. The SBM diet was formulated to provide 5.7% rumen-undegradable protein (RUP), whereas SBMBP and CANBP diets were formulated for 6.8% RUP to match HPCP. Data were analyzed using mixed models with the fixed effects of treatment, period, square, the interactions of treatment and period and of treatment and square, and the random effect of cow. The CANBP diet increased dry matter intake (DMI) compared with SBM and HPCP. Treatment affected milk yield, as SBMBP and CANBP increased yield compared with SBM, but HPCP decreased milk yield compared with all treatments. The HPCP diet reduced CP intake as a percent of total DMI and increased the CP content of orts, indicative of selection against HPCP. The HPCP diet also decreased apparent total-tract and CP digestibility, leading to less urine nitrogen excretion and greater fecal nitrogen output. The SBMBP and CANBP diets performed similarly in nearly every variable measured, except that SBMBP increased milk urea nitrogen. In conclusion, the HPCP diet reduced yield of milk and milk components, likely because of reduced apparent total-tract dry matter and CP digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Brown
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
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Hao Y, Wang Z, Zou Y, He R, Ju X, Yuan J. Effect of static-state fermentation on volatile composition in rapeseed meal. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:2145-2152. [PMID: 31903609 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fermented rapeseed meal has been used as an alternative protein source for animal feed, but the volatile compounds and how their contents change during fermentation have not been reported. To clarify the effect of static-state fermentation on its aroma, the volatile compounds of rapeseed meal during different stages of fermentation were analyzed using an electronic nose system and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The results suggested that the volatile compounds in the raw rapeseed meal, mostly hydrocarbons and some aldehydes, were lost. The levels of the volatile compounds resulting from microbial metabolism, especially pyrazines, greatly increased during fermentation. Nonanal was the dominant volatile measured in the headspace of raw rapeseed meal. However, the volatile compounds found at high concentrations in rapeseed meal after 5 days of fermentation were tetramethylpyrazine, followed by butanoic acid, benzenepropanenitrile, 2-methylbutanoic acid, trimethylamine, 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-ethylpyrazine, and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine. CONCLUSION The fermentation process could significantly change the composition and content of volatile compounds in rapeseed meal. The results may provide reference data for studies on the choice of fermentation period and formation mechanism of flavor substances in fermented rapeseed meal. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality, Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality, Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality, Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality, Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality, Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality, Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Wang RH, Zhu CL, Wang LL, Xu LZ, Wang WL, Yang C, Zhang Y. Dual-modal aptasensor for the detection of isocarbophos in vegetables. Talanta 2019; 205:120094. [PMID: 31450466 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An aptamer-based colorimetric-phosphorescent assay was developed for the detection of isocarbophos. The colorimetric assay relied on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) caused by the competitive binding of aptamer between isocarbophos and AuNPs in the presence of a high salt concentration. The further addition of persistent luminescence nanorods (PLNRs) into the system showed the phosphorescence sensitively proportional to the concentration of isocarbophos, due to the inner filter effect between PLNRs and AuNPs. The assay showed good linearity within 50-500 μg/L and 5-160 μg/L, and limit of detection of 7.1 μg/L and 0.54 μg/L in colorimetry and phosphorescence mode, respectively. The feasibility of this approach for food analysis was demonstrated with the sensitive and selective determination of isocarbophos residues in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li-Zhi Xu
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Yu Y, Liu Z, Luo LY, Fu PN, Wang Q, Li HF. Selenium Uptake and Biotransformation in Brassica rapa Supplied with Selenite and Selenate: A Hydroponic Work with HPLC Speciation and RNA-Sequencing. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:12408-12418. [PMID: 31644287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables are an ideal source of human Se intake; it is important to understand selenium (Se) speciation in plants due to the distinct biological functions of selenocompounds. In this hydroponic study, the accumulation and assimilation of selenite and selenate in pak choi (Brassica rapa), a vastly consumed vegetable, were investigated at 1-168 h with HPLC speciation and RNA-sequencing. The results showed that the Se content in shoots and Se translocation factors with selenate addition were at least 10.81 and 11.62 times, respectively, higher than those with selenite addition. Selenite and selenate up-regulated the expression of SULT1;1 and PHT1;2 in roots by over 240% and 400%, respectively. Selenite addition always led to higher proportions of seleno-amino acids, while SeO42- was dominant under selenate addition (>49% of all Se species in shoots). However, in roots, SeO42- proportions declined substantially by 51% with a significant increase of selenomethionine proportions (63%) from 1 to 168 h. Moreover, with enhanced transcript of methionine gamma-lyase (60% of up-regulation compared to the control) plus high levels of methylselenium in shoots (approximately 70% of all Se species), almost 40% of Se was lost during the exposure under the selenite treatment. This work provides evidence that pak choi can rapidly transform selenite to methylselenium, and it is promising to use the plant for Se biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yun Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Nan Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , The People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Fen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , The People's Republic of China
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Siegert W, Zuber T, Sommerfeld V, Krieg J, Feuerstein D, Kurrle U, Rodehutscord M. Prececal amino acid digestibility and phytate degradation in broiler chickens when using different oilseed meals, phytase and protease supplements in the feed. Poult Sci 2019; 98:5700-5713. [PMID: 31250002 PMCID: PMC6771547 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of phytase and protease supplementation on prececal (pc) amino acid (AA) digestibility, phytate (InsP6) degradation, and MEn concentration in diets using 3 oilseed meals as main protein sources in broiler chicken feed. The broiler chicken diets, which lacked mineral phosphorus, contained either soybean meal (SBM), SBM and rapeseed meal (SBM/RSM), or SBM and sunflower meal (SBM/SFM) as main protein sources. Diets were not supplemented with enzymes or supplemented with 1,500 or 3,000 FTU phytase/kg, or with 1,600 mg protease/kg. For diets containing SBM as the main protein source, the effects of phytase supplementation with and without monocalcium phosphate were also investigated. Data were obtained during 2 subsequent runs from days 14 to 22 and from days 23 to 31. Each diet was tested using 8 replicates with 4 replicates per run. For pc AA digestibility, no significant interactions were observed between main protein sources, enzyme supplementation, or addition of monocalcium phosphate except for Cys. Supplementation of 1,500 FTU phytase/kg increased pc digestibility of all AA. No differences in pc AA digestibility were observed between 1,500 and 3,000 FTU phytase/kg supplementation treatments. Prececal disappearance of InsP6 and pc P digestibility were greater in the high phytase supplementation treatment. Protease supplementation increased pc digestibility of all AA except for Cys when SBM/RSM was the main protein source. Supplementation of protease and 3,000 FTU phytase/kg increased MEn concentrations. The effect of phytase on pc AA digestibility was fully expressed at a lower supplementation level than needed for a maximized pc InsP6 disappearance and MEn concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Siegert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Zuber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - V Sommerfeld
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Krieg
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - U Kurrle
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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25
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Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of glucosinolate (GSL) degradation on the volatile odor of rapeseed oil (RO) during roasting. Volatile compounds of RO and individual GSL contents in the seeds were identified and measured during roasting, separately. Total GSL content decreased by 30.47-84.44%. Nitriles were the key volatile compounds that were negatively correlated with GSLs for all samples. Results indicate that GSL degradation significantly affects the volatile odor of RO and tends to produce low-carbon nitriles. Furthermore, the thermal degradation pathways of GSLs were explored according to the structure of individual GSLs and nitriles. These results provide information for the thermal degradation pathways of GSLs and the formation mechanism of nitriles during seed roasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , 22 Xinong Road , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Zhao
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province , 6 West Gaogangqu Road , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyao Huyan
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , 22 Xinong Road , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , 22 Xinong Road , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhu Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , 22 Xinong Road , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
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26
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Chen H, Peng L, Pérez de Nanclares M, Trudeau MP, Yao D, Cheng Z, Urriola PE, Mydland LT, Shurson GC, Overland M, Chen C. Identification of Sinapine-Derived Choline from a Rapeseed Diet as a Source of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Pigs. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:7748-7754. [PMID: 31203621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Choline and its metabolites have diverse and important functions in many physiological processes, especially for anabolic metabolism in growth and reproduction. Besides endogenous biosynthesis and direct choline supplement, choline esters in the diet are another source of choline in the body. Phenolic choline esters are a group of unique dietary choline esters rich in the seeds of Brassicaceae plants, among which sinapine is a choline ester of sinapic acid abundant in rapeseed. In this study, 40 nursery pigs were fed with rapeseed-derived feed ingredients (RSF) or soybean meal for 3 weeks (20 pigs/diet). The metabolic fate of sinapine-derived choline in RSF was examined by comparing the distribution of choline and its metabolites in digesta, liver, and serum samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results showed that choline was released from extensive hydrolysis of sinapine in the small intestine. However, sinapine-derived choline did not increase the levels of choline and its major metabolites, including betaine, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine, in the liver and serum. Instead, RSF feeding increased trimethylamine (TMA), the microbial metabolite of choline, in the large intestine and further increased trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the oxidation metabolite of TMA, in the liver and serum. Overall, these results suggested that sinapine-derived choline from rapeseed feeding had limited influences on the post-absorption choline pool as a result of its low bioavailability but may serve as a major source of TMAO through microbial metabolism in nursery pigs. Improving the bioavailability of sinapine-derived choline might have the potential to modify the nutritional values and functionalities of rapeseed meal in swine feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Peng
- Department of Food Science , Yichun University , Yichun , Jiangxi 336000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Marta Pérez de Nanclares
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , 1430 Ås , Norway
| | | | | | - Zaixing Cheng
- College of Pharmacy , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , Fujian 350122 , People's Republic of China
| | | | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , 1430 Ås , Norway
| | | | - Margareth Overland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , 1430 Ås , Norway
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27
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Gomaa WMS, Zhang X, Deng H, Peng Q, Mosaad GM, Zhang H, Yu P. Vibrational spectroscopic study on feed molecular structure properties of oil-seeds and co-products from Canadian and Chinese bio-processing and relationship with protein and carbohydrate degradation fractions in ruminant systems. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 216:249-257. [PMID: 30904632 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to apply ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to reveal feed molecular structure properties of oil-seeds and co-products and relationship with protein and carbohydrate degradation fractions in ruminant systems. The oil-seeds and co-products were from both various bio-processing industries in Canada and China. The protein and carbohydrate degradation fractions were evaluated with updated CNCPS system. Results showed that in the co-products from canola processing industries there are strong relationship between 1) soluble true protein (PA2) fraction and the following protein molecular structure spectral characteristics; spectral peak area of amide I and amide II (r = 0.56, P = 0.001), area of amide I (r = 0.67, P < 0.001), height of amide I (r = 0.74, P < 0.001), amide I and II ratio (r = 0.57, P = 0.001), α-helix (r = 0.82, P < 0.001), and β-sheet (r = 0.61, P < 0.001), 2) slowly degradable true protein (PB2) fraction and height of amide I (r = -0.60, P = 0.001), α-helix (r = -0.72, P < 0.001), and β-sheet (r = -0.51, P = 0.004), 3) soluble fiber (CB2) fraction and α-helix and β-sheet height ratio (r = -0.63, P < 0.001), and 4) unavailable NDF (CC) fraction and height of amide I (r = 0.55, P = 0.002). These results indicated feed molecular structure spectral properties of the oil-seeds and co-products related to CNCPS protein and carbohydrate degradation fractions in ruminant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M S Gomaa
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Tianjin Agricultural University, China; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - X Zhang
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Tianjin Agricultural University, China; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - H Deng
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Tianjin Agricultural University, China; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Q Peng
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Tianjin Agricultural University, China; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - G M Mosaad
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Tianjin Agricultural University, China; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - H Zhang
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Tianjin Agricultural University, China; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - P Yu
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Tianjin Agricultural University, China; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt; Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China.
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28
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Abstract
In current feed evaluation systems, the nutritional value of protein sources in diets for pigs is based on the ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids, which does not account for the kinetics of protein digestion along the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of the present study was to determine the in vitro protein digestion kinetics of different protein sources (soya bean meal (SBM), wheat gluten (WG), rapeseed meal (RSM), whey powder (WP), dried porcine plasma protein, yellow meal worm larvae and black soldier fly larvae (BSF)). Protein sources were incubated with pepsin at pH 3.5 for 0 to 90 min and subsequently with pancreatin at pH 6.8 for 0 to 210 min at 39°C. The in vitro protein digestion kinetics were described as the kinetics of nitrogen (N) solubilisation and the release of low molecular weight peptides (LMW) (<500 Da). The N solubilisation rate ranged from 0.025 min-1 for BSF to 0.685 min-1 for WP during the incubation with pepsin, and from 0.027 min-1 for RSM to 0.343 min-1 for WP during the incubation with pancreatin. The release rate of LMW peptides ranged from 0.027 min-1 for WG to 0.093 min-1 for WP during the incubation with pepsin, and from 0.029 min-1 for SBM to 0.385 min-1 for WP. Black soldier fly larvae showed a similar release rate of LMW peptides as WP during the incubation with pancreatin. At the end of the sequential incubation with pepsin (90 min) and pancreatin (210 min), WG and WP showed the highest percentage of N present in LMW peptides relative to total N (78% and 79%, respectively), whereas SBM showed the lowest (35%). In conclusion, protein sources for pig diets show substantial differences in in vitro protein digestion kinetics as measured by the kinetics of N solubilisation and the release of LMW peptides. The rate of release of LMW peptides was not correlated to the rate of N solubilisation for each of the protein sources evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- 1Animal Nutrition Group,Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen,The Netherlands
| | - P A Wierenga
- 3Laboratory of Food Chemistry,Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708WG, Wageningen,The Netherlands
| | - W H Hendriks
- 1Animal Nutrition Group,Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen,The Netherlands
| | - A J M Jansman
- 2Wageningen Livestock Research,De Elst 1, 6708WD, Wageningen,The Netherlands
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29
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Tian L, Ren Y, Yang R, Zhao Q, Zhang W. Combination of thermal pretreatment and alcohol-assisted aqueous processing for rapeseed oil extraction. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:3509-3516. [PMID: 30623448 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alcohol-assisted aqueous extraction processing (AAEP) of oil has many advantages such as no need for demulsification and relative low cost compared with enzymatic aqueous extraction processing (EAEP). Three kinds of thermal pretreatments including dry-heating, wet-heating and soak-heating followed by the AAEP of rapeseed oil were investigated. RESULTS Both soak-heating and wet-heating had a higher contribution rate to oil yield than dry-heating due to the enhancement of heat transfer rate owing to the high moisture content in the rapeseed cells. However, oil from soak-heated rapeseeds showed a much lower level on peroxide value (0.41 mmol kg-1 ) than that of wet-heated rapeseeds (5.23 mmol kg-1 ). In addition, transmission electron microscopy images illustrated that promoting effects of soak-heating and wet-heating on oil release were attributed to the coalescence of oil bodies. A relative low concentration of alcohol solution as an extraction medium, the highest oil recovery of 92.77% was achieved when ground rapeseeds (mean particle size: 21.23 µm) were treated with 45% (v/v) alcohol for 2 h at 70 °C and pH 9.0. Both the acid value and the peroxide value are lower than the commercial oil produced by extrusion and hexane extraction. Furthermore, the oil produced from AAEP also had higher content of tocopherols and lower content of trans-fatty acids than the commercial oil. CONCLUSION AAEP of oil from soak-heated rapeseeds is a promising alternative to conventional oil extraction methods. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanqin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Xu F, Yao Y, Xu X, Wang M, Pan M, Ji S, Wu J, Jiang D, Ju X, Wang L. Identification and Quantification of DPP-IV-Inhibitory Peptides from Hydrolyzed-Rapeseed-Protein-Derived Napin with Analysis of the Interactions between Key Residues and Protein Domains. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:3679-3690. [PMID: 30854852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Previously reported peptides derived from napin of rapeseed ( Brassica napus) have been shown to inhibit DPP-IV in silico. In the present study, napin extracted from rapeseed was hydrolyzed by commercial enzymes and filtered by an ultrafiltration membrane. The napin hydrolysate was then purified by a Sephadex G-15 gel-filtration column and preparative RP-HPLC. A two-enzyme-combination approach with alcalase and trypsin was the most favorable in terms of the DPP-IV-inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.68 mg/mL) of the napin hydrolysate. Three peptides and one modified peptide (pyroglutamate mutation at the N-terminus) were identified using HPLC-triple-TOF-MS/MS. DPP-IV-inhibitory activity and the types of enzyme inhibition were also determined. Meanwhile, key residues associated with the interactions between the selected peptides and DPP-IV were investigated by molecular docking. IPQVS has key amino acid residues (Tyr547, Glu205, and Glu206) that are consistent with Diprotin A. ELHQEEPL could form a better covalent bond with Arg358 in the S3 pocket of DPP-IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Number 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Number 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Number 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Number 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyang Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Number 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Number 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Donglei Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Number 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Number 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Number 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Hu J, Qian M, Wang Q, Zhang H. Degradation of triadimefon and residue levels of metabolite triadimenol: tracing rapeseed from harvesting and storage to household oil processing. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:1484-1491. [PMID: 30126020 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triadimefon is a fungicide used in agriculture to control fungal diseases such as sclerotinia sclerotiorum. RESULTS In field trials, rape plants were sprayed with triadimefon at three different dosages during the flowering period. The degradation of triadimefon and the residue levels of its metabolite, triadimenol, in rapeseed obtained from harvesting, storage, and household oil processing were traced and evaluated. The pesticides were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) at each processing step. Triadimefon degraded completely and only its metabolite, triadimenol, was detected in rapeseed after harvesting. The stability of triadimenol in rapeseed was studied at weekly storage intervals, from 0 to 7 weeks at ambient temperature (25 °C) and freezing temperature (-20 °C), respectively. Storage temperature had an important influence on the residue levels of triadimenol. The processing factor (PF) was defined as the ratio of pesticide residue levels in rapeseed to rapeseed oil levels during household oil processing. The average PF of triadimenol was about 0.96 for a hot pressing technique and 0.88 for a cold pressing technique. CONCLUSION Different storage conditions and food processing could reduce the pesticide level to a greater or lesser extent. However, it is not easy to eliminate or significantly weaken triadimenol once triadimefon has degraded completely. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Li
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest Control, Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Enzymatic interesterification was carried out between high-oleic canola oil and fully hydrogenated soybean oil using indigenously immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus lipas substrate concentration, moisture content of enzyme, and enzyme load. Interesterification resulted in a decrease in the concentration of tri-unsaturated and trisaturated TAG and an increase of mono- and di-saturated TAG as observed by reversed-phase HPLC. The alteration in TAG composition and the presence of new TAG species after interesterification was correlated with extended plasticity characterized by lower slip melting point with a significant change in functionality and consistency of the interesterified product. Thermal and structural properties of the blends before and after interesterification were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction and polarized light microscopy. Trans-fat analysis indicated the absence of any trans fatty acid in the final interesterified product. The resultant interesterified products with varying slip melting points can be used in the formulation of healthier fat and oil products and address a critical industrial demand for trans free formulations for base-stocks of spreads, margarines, and confectionary fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monali R Kavadia
- a DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai , India
| | - Manish G Yadav
- a DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai , India
| | - Rajeshkumar N Vadgama
- a DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai , India
| | - Annamma A Odaneth
- a DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai , India
| | - Arvind M Lali
- a DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai , India
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Wang Z, Zhang RX, Zhang C, Dai C, Ju X, He R. Fabrication of Stable and Self-Assembling Rapeseed Protein Nanogel for Hydrophobic Curcumin Delivery. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:887-894. [PMID: 30608682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Food-dervied biopolymer nanogels have recently received considerable attention as favorable carrier systems for nutraceuticals and drugs. In the present study, new biocompatible and self-assembled acylated rapeseed protein isolate (ARPI)-based nanogels were fabricated for potential hydrophobic drug delivery by chemical acylation and heat-induced protein denaturation. The effects of the ARPI concentration, pH, heat temperature, and heat time on the physiochemical properties of self-assembled ARPI nanogels were investigated. The optimized ARPI nanogels were characterized by a hydrodiameter of 170 nm in size, spherical morphology, and light core-dark shell structure. In comparison to native rapeseed protein isolates and ARPI without the heat treatment, ARPI nanogels as a result of dual acylation and heat processes exhibited significantly altered spatial secondary and tertiary structures, increased surface hydrophobicity, and decreased free sulfhydryl contents of the protein. Such properties endow amphilic ARPI with the self-aggregating ability, resulting in the hydrophobic core with formations of covalent disulfide bonds and the hydrophilic shell with succinyl moieties exposed to the water side. Such a cross-linked structure allowed for ARPI nanogels to be resistant against a broad array of pH and ionic strength as well as lyophilization and dilution. ARPI nanogels demonstrated 95% encapsulation efficiency of hydrophobic compound curcumin and significantly increased its anticancer activity against multiple cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Dai
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rong He
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210003 , People's Republic of China
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Hald C, Dawid C, Tressel R, Hofmann T. Kaempferol 3- O-(2‴- O-Sinapoyl-β-sophoroside) Causes the Undesired Bitter Taste of Canola/Rapeseed Protein Isolates. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:372-378. [PMID: 30525566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
By means of activity-guided fractionation using taste dilution analysis, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, one-/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, LC-MS/MS quantitation, dose-over-threshold considerations, and sensory spiking experiments, kaempferol 3- O-(2‴- O-sinapoyl-β-sophoroside), exhibiting a bitter taste above the low threshold concentration of 3.4 μmol/L, was found for the first time as the key molecule contributing to the unpleasant bitter taste of rapeseed (canola) protein isolates. This finding opens new avenues for a biorefinery approach targeting an off-taste removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hald
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science , Technical University of Munich , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science , Technical University of Munich , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Ralf Tressel
- Pilot Pflanzenöltechnologie Magdeburg e.V. , Berliner Chaussee 66 , D-39114 Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science , Technical University of Munich , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry , Technical University of Munich , Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
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35
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Onarman Umu ÖC, Fauske AK, Åkesson CP, Pérez de Nanclares M, Sørby R, Press CM, Øverland M, Sørum H. Gut microbiota profiling in Norwegian weaner pigs reveals potentially beneficial effects of a high-fiber rapeseed diet. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209439. [PMID: 30571797 PMCID: PMC6301702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed meal (RSM) is an alternative feed ingredient to soybean meal (SBM) in pig diets. However, knowledge on the effect of RSM on gut health, especially in relation to changes in gut microbiota is still limited. In our study, Norwegian Landrace weaner pigs were fed with either a control diet (CON) based on wheat, barley and SBM, or a high-fiber experimental diet where SBM was replaced by RSM (RSF). We found no large differences in the gut microbiota of pigs fed the two diets, suggesting that RSF does not disturb the gut microbiota and the normal gut function. The relative abundance of SCFA-producing phylotypes and colon-health related phylotypes increased in the large intestine of RSF-fed pigs. Among them, Lachnospira and Coprococcus were negatively associated with the presence of neutrophils in the colon wall. The higher abundance of these bacteria in colon of RSF pigs may suggest an anti-inflammatory stimulus effect of the RSF diet. The gut microbiota of RSF-fed pigs was relatively unaltered following episodes of diarrhea suggesting that the RSF diet may promote robustness in weaner pigs and reduce the risk of dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgün Candan Onarman Umu
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aud Kari Fauske
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Piercey Åkesson
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Pérez de Nanclares
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Randi Sørby
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles McLean Press
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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36
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Wang Z, Zhang RX, Zhang T, He C, He R, Ju X, Wu XY. In Situ Proapoptotic Peptide-Generating Rapeseed Protein-Based Nanocomplexes Synergize Chemotherapy for Cathepsin-B Overexpressing Breast Cancer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:41056-41069. [PMID: 30387987 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular activation of nanomaterials within cancer cells presents a powerful means to enhance anticancer specificity and efficacy. In light of upregulated lysosomal protease cathepsin-B (CathB) in many types of invasive cancer cells, herein, we exploit CathB-catalyzed biodegradation of acetylated rapeseed protein isolate (ARPI) to design polymer-drug nanocomplexes that can produce proapoptotic peptides in situ and synergize chemotherapy. ARPI forms nanocomplexes with chitosan (CS) and anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) [DOX-ARPI/CS nanoparticles (NPs)] by ionic self-assembly. The dual acidic pH- and CathB-responsive properties of the nanocomplexes and CathB-catalyzed biodegradation of ARPI enable efficient lysosomal escape and nuclei trafficking of released DOX, resulting in elevated cytotoxicity in CathB-overexpressing breast cancer cells. The ARPI-derived bioactive peptides exhibit synergistic anticancer effect with DOX by regulating pro- and antiapoptotic-relevant proteins ( p53, Bax, Bcl-2, pro-caspase-3) at mitochondria. In an orthotopic breast tumor model of CathB-overexpressing breast cancer, DOX-ARPI/CS NPs remarkably inhibit tumor growth, enhance tumor cell apoptosis and prolong host survival without eliciting any systemic toxicity. These results suggest that exploitation of multifunctional biomaterials to specifically produce anticancer agents inside cancer cells and trigger drug release to the subcellular target sites is a promising strategy for designing effective synergistic nanomedicines with minimal off-target toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , People's Republic of China
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Rui Xue Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
- School of Life Sciences , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710072 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Chunsheng He
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Rong He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing 210003 , People's Republic China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing 210003 , People's Republic China
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , 144 College Street , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
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37
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Zhang Y, Guo Q, Tan D, He Z, Wang Y, Liu X. Effects of low-levels of three hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers on the metabolic profiles of pak choi leaves using high-throughput untargeted metabolomics approach. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:1961-1969. [PMID: 30076056 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ecological toxicity of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) on animals, including fish and mice, has been reported, but its effects in plants, particularly its toxic mechanism, have rarely been investigated. An untargeted metabolomics approach for comprehensive assessment was selected to study the alterations in the metabolic profiles in pak choi leaves induced by exposure to trace-level amounts of HBCD diastereomers over 30 days. A supervised orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed to investigate differences between the HBCD and control groups. The discriminating metabolites were identified using public databases. The results indicated that the toxicity of the HBCD diastereomers was ordered as γ-HBCD > α-HBCD > β-HBCD. 13 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers to discriminate the presence of HBCD toxicity. The lipid, carbohydrate, nucleotide and amino acid metabolic pathways affected were found in accordance with animals and humans, and also HBCD could induce the interference of the secondary metabolite pathways. The system of the stress defences was activated, including signalling pathway, antioxidant defence system, shikimate and phenylpropanoid metabolism. The carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were disturbed by HBCD intervention, and the lipid, amino acid and secondary metabolite metabolism were regulated for HBCD stress prevention. These results provide insights into the mechanism and degree of HBCD phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Qiqi Guo
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Dongfei Tan
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Zeying He
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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Li J, Pedersen JN, Anankanbil S, Guo Z. Enhanced fish oil-in-water emulsions enabled by rapeseed lecithins obtained under different processing conditions. Food Chem 2018; 264:233-240. [PMID: 29853370 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that rapeseed lecithins may have different emulsifying and antioxidant properties in delivering fish oil compared to soy lecithin based on previous studies. The results showed that in vitro antioxidant activities of rapeseed lecithins were stronger than those of soy lecithin. Emulsions stabilized by rapeseed based lecithins and DATEM were stable over 3 months at 4 °C, whereas the creaming of emulsions containing soy lecithin started immediately after its preparation. Zeta-potential of rapeseed lecithins was higher than soy lecithin and DATEM, which partially contributed to the emulsion stability. Although the particle sizes of emulsions prepared by rapeseed lecithins increased after 14 days storage, no creaming was observed. Lipid oxidation as indicated by TBARS values suggested that DATEM was the most unfavorable, followed by soy lecithin. It is concluded that rapeseed lecithins are better than soy lecithin and DATEM in terms of emulsion stability and antioxidant capability, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Li
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10B, Building 3141, Room 1.28, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Nedergaard Pedersen
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10B, Building 3141, Room 1.28, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Sampson Anankanbil
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10B, Building 3141, Room 1.28, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10B, Building 3141, Room 1.28, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Rubab M, Chellia R, Saravanakumar K, Mandava S, Khan I, Tango CN, Hussain MS, Daliri EBM, Kim SH, Ramakrishnan SR, Wang MH, Lee J, Kwon JH, Chandrashekar S, Oh DH. Preservative effect of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) extract on their molecular docking, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203306. [PMID: 30281596 PMCID: PMC6169867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of Chinese cabbage Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (BRARP) and their antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties. Of the different solvents extracts, the chloroform extracts (CE) were significantly inhibited the bacterial pathogens at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16.5 mg.mL-1. Biochemical analysis revealed that total phenol (62.6 ± 0.05 mg GAE.g-1) and flavonoids (27.6 ± 0.04 mg QE.g-1) were higher in the extracts of BRARP, which resulted in enhanced antioxidant activity in CE. A total of eight dominant compounds were detected in the potent antimicrobial extract from BRARP based on GC-MS analysis. The molecular interactions study revealed that, among the screened compounds the 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2,3-dicyanopropionamide interacted with the active site of pathogenicity and survival related protein with lipopolysaccharide (LpxC) with higer binding energy. This work concluded that the 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2, 3-Dicyanopropionamide from BRARP was reported to be good non-cytotoxic and antioxidant antimicrobials against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momna Rubab
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chellia
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Suresh Mandava
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Charles Nkufi Tango
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Shakhawat Hussain
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | | | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jongkook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Joong-Ho Kwon
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Aipire A, Chen Q, Cai S, Li J, Fu C, Ying T, Lu J, Li J. N-Butanol Subfraction of Brassica Rapa L. Promotes Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Induces Apoptosis of A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells via Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071687. [PMID: 29997319 PMCID: PMC6100205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa L., an edible and medical vegetable, has been traditionally used in Uyghur folk medicine to treat coughs and asthma in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. In this study, we prepared an n-butanol subfraction of B. rapa L. (BRBS) and investigated the anti-tumor effect on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. The proliferation of A549 cells was significantly inhibited by BRBS treatment in a dose- and time-dependent manner. BRBS significantly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c, which promoted caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase processing. Moreover, BRBS significantly suppressed the migration of A549 cells in vitro. These results suggest that BRBS inhibited A549 cell proliferation through increased ROS production and the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. Consequently, BRBS might be a potential candidate for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Aipire
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Changshuang Fu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, and School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
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Klopsch R, Witzel K, Artemyeva A, Ruppel S, Hanschen FS. Genotypic Variation of Glucosinolates and Their Breakdown Products in Leaves of Brassica rapa. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:5481-5490. [PMID: 29746112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth glucosinolate (GLS) profiling was performed on a core collection of 91 Brassica rapa accessions, representing diverse morphotypes of heterogeneous geographical origin, to better understand the natural variation in GLS accumulation and GLS breakdown product formation. Leaves of the 91 B. rapa accessions were analyzed for their GLS composition by UHPLC-DAD and the corresponding breakdown products by GC-MS. Fifteen different GLSs were identified, and aliphatic GLSs prevailed regarding diversity and concentration. Twenty-three GLS breakdown products were identified, among them nine isothiocyanates, ten nitriles, and four epithionitriles. Epithionitriles were the prevailing breakdown products due to the high abundance of alkenyl GLSs. The large scale data set allowed the identification of correlations in abundance of specific GLSs or of GLS breakdown products. Discriminant function analysis identified subspecies with high levels of similarity in the acquired metabolite profiles. In general, the five main subspecies grouped significantly in terms of their GLS profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Klopsch
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1 , 14979 Großbeeren , Germany
| | - Katja Witzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1 , 14979 Großbeeren , Germany
| | - Anna Artemyeva
- N.I.Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Bolshaya Morskaya Street 42-44 , 190000 St. Petersburg , Russia
- Agrophysical Research Institute, Grazhdanskiy prospect 14 , 195220 St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Silke Ruppel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1 , 14979 Großbeeren , Germany
| | - Franziska S Hanschen
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1 , 14979 Großbeeren , Germany
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Casas GA, Jaworski NW, Htoo JK, Stein HH. Ileal digestibility of amino acids in selected feed ingredients fed to young growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2361-2370. [PMID: 29579239 PMCID: PMC6095436 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in brewers rice, full-fat rice bran (FFRB), defatted rice bran (DFRB), peanut meal, sesame meal, rapeseed meal, rapeseed expellers, soybean expellers, cassava meal, and bakery meal fed to young growing pigs. Twenty-two barrows (initial BW: 14.09 ± 1.48 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and randomly allotted to a replicated 11 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 11 diets and four 7-d periods in each square. Eleven experimental diets were prepared and test ingredients were the sole source of CP and AA in 10 diets and the eleventh diet was a N-free diet used to measure basal ileal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Chromic oxide (0.4%) was included in all diets as an indigestible marker and ileal digesta were collected on day 6 and 7 of each period. Results indicated that the SID of CP and AA was greatest (P < 0.05) in brewers rice and sesame meal and least (P < 0.05) in cassava meal. The SID of indispensable AA was greater (P < 0.05) in sesame meal compared with all other ingredients except brewers rice. Full-fat rice bran had greater (P < 0.05) SID of Arg, Ile, Leu, Lys, and Met compared with DFRB. The SID of CP and most AA was not different among rapeseed meal, rapeseed expellers, and soybean expellers. Bakery meal had the least (P < 0.05) SID of most AA compared with all other ingredients, with the exception of cassava meal. The concentration of standardized ileal digestible CP was greater (P < 0.05) in sesame meal and peanut meal (482.32 and 452.44 g/kg DM, respectively) than in all other ingredients. Soybean expellers had the greatest (P < 0.05) concentration of standardized ileal digestible Lys (22.98 g/kg DM) followed by rapeseed meal (16.11 g/kg DM) and rapeseed expellers (16.17 g/kg DM). Cassava meal and bakery meal had the least (P < 0.05) concentration of standardized ileal digestible CP and most AA compared with the other ingredients. Concentrations of standardized ileal digestible CP and AA in brewers rice, FFRB, and DFRB were less (P < 0.05) than in rapeseed meal, rapeseed expellers, and soybean expellers. In conclusion, peanut meal and sesame meal have greater concentrations of standardized ileal digestible CP and most AA, with the exception of Lys, than other ingredients. Rapeseed meal, rapeseed expellers, and soybean expellers have the greatest concentrations of standardized ileal digestible Lys.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Casas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - N W Jaworski
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - J K Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, 63457 Hanau, Germany
| | - H H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Li Y, Long L, Yan H, Ge J, Cheng J, Ren L, Yu X. Comparison of uptake, translocation and accumulation of several neonicotinoids in komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis) from contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2018; 200:603-611. [PMID: 29510368 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of pesticides in vegetables may have serious effects on human health and ecosystems via food chains; therefore, it is of great importance to investigate the uptake and accumulation behaviours of pesticides in vegetable tissues. In the present study, the uptake, translocation and accumulation of five neonicotinoids, thiamethoxam (THIM), clothianidin (CLO), thiacloprid (THID), acetamiprid (ACE) and dinotefuran (DIN), in komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis, a vegetable) were investigated. The concentrations of neonicotinoids in vegetable tissues ranged from 0.068 ± 0.002 to 29.6 ± 2.5 mg/kg. During the cultivation (except for the first day), the concentration of each neonicotinoid in shoots was the highest, followed by roots and the soil. The concentrating of neonicotinoids from the soil to roots followed the order of THIM > CLO > THID > DIN > ACE, while the order of the ability of translocation neonicotinoids from roots to shoots was the just opposite. The difference in uptake and translocation behaviours of the test neonicotinoids seems to be not correlated with the octanol/water partition coefficient (logKow), water solubility or dissociation constant (pKa), but significantly correlated with molecular weight. In addition, a greater concentration of the THIM-metabolite clothianidin (M-CLO) was detected in vegetable shoots than in roots and the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ling Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi Univerisity, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Huangqian Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jinjin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Liyun Ren
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Univerisity, Nanning 530005, China.
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Mattila P, Mäkinen S, Eurola M, Jalava T, Pihlava JM, Hellström J, Pihlanto A. Nutritional Value of Commercial Protein-Rich Plant Products. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2018; 73:108-115. [PMID: 29500810 PMCID: PMC5956054 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to analyze nutritional value of various minimally processed commercial products of plant protein sources such as faba bean (Vicia faba), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), rapeseed press cake (Brassica rapa/napus subsp. Oleifera), flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), oil hemp seed (Cannabis sativa), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Basic composition and various nutritional components like amino acids, sugars, minerals, and dietary fiber were determined. Nearly all the samples studied could be considered as good sources of essential amino acids, minerals and dietary fiber. The highest content of crude protein (over 30 g/100 g DW) was found in faba bean, blue lupin and rapeseed press cake. The total amount of essential amino acids (EAA) ranged from 25.8 g/16 g N in oil hemp hulls to 41.5 g/16 g N in pearled quinoa. All the samples studied have a nutritionally favorable composition with significant health benefit potential. Processing (dehulling or pearling) affected greatly to the contents of analyzed nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sari Mäkinen
- Natural Resources Institute, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Merja Eurola
- Natural Resources Institute, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Taina Jalava
- Natural Resources Institute, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | | | | | - Anne Pihlanto
- Natural Resources Institute, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
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Xu F, Zhang J, Wang Z, Yao Y, Atungulu GG, Ju X, Wang L. Absorption and Metabolism of Peptide WDHHAPQLR Derived from Rapeseed Protein and Inhibition of HUVEC Apoptosis under Oxidative Stress. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:5178-5189. [PMID: 29732892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
WDHHAPQLR (RAP) is an antioxidative peptide derived from rapeseed protein. Although the health benefits from RAP, due to its antioxidant activities, have been determined by chemical methods, a systematic assessment regarding the absorption, metabolism, and antioxidation processes of RAP is still lacking attention. Hence, Caco-2 cell monolayer models and animal experiments were used to evaluate the absorption and bioavailability of RAP. As expected, RAP could be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells, and the Papp was 0.82 ± 0.19 × 10-6 cm/s. Three main fragments, RAP, DHHAPQLR, and WDHHAP were transported by the paracellular pathway, and QLR was transported by PepT1. An important modified product of RAP (EGDHHAPQLR) was found to contribute to the elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The absolute bioavailability of RAP was 3.56%, and three degradation products of RAP were also detected in rat serum. More importantly, RAP exerts its antioxidant activity by inhibiting the apoptosis of oxidative stress cells. RAP could downregulate the expression of Bax and caspase-3 and upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 in H2O2-induced HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). In general, using in vitro and in vivo experimental models, the in vivo absorption and transformation processes of RAP and its antioxidative molecular mechanisms by inhibiting apoptosis of cells were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , No. 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , No. 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , No. 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , No. 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , No. 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , No. 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , No. 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Griffiths G Atungulu
- Grain Processing Engineering Department of Food Science & Division of Agriculture , University of Arkansas Fayetteville , 2650 North Young Avenue , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States of America
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , No. 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , No. 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , No. 3 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , People's Republic of China
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Gao H, Wen L, Wu Y, Yan X, Li J, Li X, Fu Z, Wu G. Sensitive and Facile Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay for Detecting Genetically Modified Rapeseed Based on Novel Carbon Nanoparticles. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:5247-5253. [PMID: 29719152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunoassay targeting PAT/ bar protein was facilely developed for genetically modified (GM) rapeseed detection using carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) originally prepared from printer toner. In this work, CNPs linked with antibody for PAT/ bar protein were used to modify a working electrode. After an immunoreaction between the PAT/ bar protein and its antibody, the immunocomplex formed on the electrode receptor region resulted in an inhibition of electron transfer between the electrode surface and the ECL substance, thus led to a decrease of ECL response. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL responses linearly decreased as the increase of the PAT/ bar protein concentration and the GM rapeseed RF3 content in the ranges of 0.10-10 ng/mL and 0.050-1.0%, with the limits of detection of 0.050 ng/mL and 0.020% (S/N = 3). These results open a facile, sensitive, and rapid approach for the safety control of agricultural GM rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Luke Wen
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing 400716 , China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture , Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , China
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Liu X, Li Y, Zhou X, Luo K, Hu L, Liu K, Bai L. Photocatalytic degradation of dimethoate in Bok choy using cerium-doped nano titanium dioxide. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197560. [PMID: 29771967 PMCID: PMC5957421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethoate, a systemic insecticide, has been used extensively in vegetable production. Insecticide residues in treated vegetables, however, pose a potential risk to consumers. Photocatalytic degradation is a new alternative to managing pesticide residues. In this study, the degradation of dimethoate in Bok choy was investigated under the field conditions using cerium-doped nano titanium dioxide (TiO2/Ce) hydrosol as a photocatalyst. The results show that TiO2/Ce hydrosol can accelerate the degradation of dimethoate in Bok choy. Specifically, the application of TiO2/Ce hydrosol significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents in the treated Bok choy, which speeds up the degradation of dimethoate. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis detected three major degradation products, including omethoate, O,O,S-trimethyl thiophosphorothioate, and 1,2-Bis (acetyl-N-methyl-) methane disulfide. Two potential photodegradation pathways have been proposed based on the intermediate products. To understand the relationship between photodegradation and the molecular structure of target insecticides, we investigated the bond length, Mulliken atomic charge and frontier electron density of dimethoate using ab initio quantum analysis. These results suggest the P = S, P-S and S-C of dimethoate are the initiation sites for the photocatalytic reaction in Bok choy, which is consistent with our empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Loudi, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XZ); (LB)
| | - Kun Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Lifeng Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Kailin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Loudi, Hunan province, PR China
- Biotechnology Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan province, PR China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (LB)
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Shen S, Wang J, Zhuo Q, Chen X, Liu T, Zhang SQ. Quantitative and Discriminative Evaluation of Contents of Phenolic and Flavonoid and Antioxidant Competence for Chinese Honeys from Different Botanical Origins. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051110. [PMID: 29738446 PMCID: PMC6099688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolics and flavonoids in honey are considered as the main phytonutrients which not only act as natural antioxidants, but can also be used as floral markers for honey identification. In this study, the chemical profiles of phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant competences including total phenolic content, DPPH and ABTS assays and discrimination using chemometric analysis of various Chinese monofloral honeys from six botanical origins (acacia, Vitex, linden, rapeseed, Astragalus and Codonopsis) were examined. A reproducible and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of 38 phenolics, flavonoids and abscisic acid in honey. Formononetin, ononin, calycosin and calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside were identified and quantified in honeys for the first time. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed obvious differences among the honey samples in three-dimensional space accounting for 72.63% of the total variance. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) also revealed that the botanical origins of honey samples correlated with their phenolic and flavonoid contents. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification was performed to derive a model with high prediction ability. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model was employed to identify markers specific to a particular honey type. The results indicated that Chinese honeys contained various and discriminative phenolics and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant competence from different botanical origins, which was an alternative approach to honey identification and nutritional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shen
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jingbo Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Qin Zhuo
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Tingting Liu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shuang-Qing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Rd, Beijing 100050, China.
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Bournazel M, Lessire M, Klein S, Même N, Peyronnet C, Quinsac A, Duclos MJ, Narcy A. Phytase supplementation in diets rich in fiber from rapeseed enhances phosphorus and calcium digestibility but not retention in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1627-1640. [PMID: 29506047 PMCID: PMC5890604 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted on broilers to assess the effect of dietary fiber from 00-rapeseed meal (RSM) on phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and retention (AR) during the growing (Exp1: 10 to 21 d) or finishing period (Exp2: 21 to 31 d) in diets supplemented or not with microbial phytase. Each experiment involved 144 male Cobb 500 fed one of 8 diets. Fiber content was modulated by incorporating whole RSM, RSM from dehulled rapeseeds, either raw or supplemented with 2 levels of defatted rapeseed hulls. Diets were supplemented or not with 750 phytase units of microbial phytase per kg. Excreta were collected from d 14 to d 17 (Exp1) and from d 27 to d 30 (Exp2) to measure AR. At the end of experiments, digestive tracts were sampled and weighed. The distal ileum and tibias were collected to measure AID and bone mineralization, respectively. Age did not significantly alter the response of birds to the addition of dietary fiber. Inclusion of hulls decreased growth performance (P < 0.05). The weight of the proventriculus-gizzard (PG) increased with the dietary fiber content in Exp1: The decreased weight observed using dehulled RSM was reversed following the inclusion of hulls. In both trials, while the presence of phytase increased the AID of P (P < 0.001) but not Ca, the inclusion of hulls with phytase improved the AID of P and Ca [linear (Lin), P < 0.05]. This effect could depend on the effect of fiber on PG development and physiology. Hulls decreased the moisture content of excreta (P < 0.01), suggesting higher water retention or lower water consumption with fiber. The AR of P was lower than AID of P with hulls, contrary to Ca, suggesting a metabolic imbalance. The decrease of AR together with the decrease of bone characteristics indicates a lack of Ca in diets with hulls and suggests that P and Ca provision should be adapted to the level and the origin of fiber inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bournazel
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- MiXscience, Centre d’affaires ODYSSEE, 35172 Bruz, France
| | - M Lessire
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - S Klein
- MiXscience, Centre d’affaires ODYSSEE, 35172 Bruz, France
| | - N Même
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - C Peyronnet
- Terres Univia, 11 rue Monceau, 75008 Paris, France
| | - A Quinsac
- Terres Inovia, 11 rue Monge, Parc industriel, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - M J Duclos
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - A Narcy
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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Eck-Varanka B, Kováts N, Horváth E, Ferincz Á, Kakasi B, Nagy ST, Imre K, Paulovits G. Eco- and genotoxicity profiling of a rapeseed biodiesel using a battery of bioassays. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 151:170-177. [PMID: 29353167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is considered an important renewable energy source but still there is some controversy about its environmental toxicity, especially to aquatic life. In our study, the toxicity of water soluble fraction of biodiesel was evaluated in relatively low concentrations using a battery of bioassays: Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition, Sinapis alba root growth inhibition, Daphnia magna immobilization, boar semen live/dead ratio and DNA fragmentation and Unio pictorum micronucleus test. While the S. alba test indicated nutritive (stimulating) effect of the sample, the biodiesel exerted toxic effect in the aquatic tests. D. magna was the most sensitive with EC50 value of 0.0226%. For genotoxicity assessment, the mussel micronucleus test (MNT) was applied, detecting considerable genotoxic potential of the biodiesel sample: it elucidated micronuclei formation already at low concentration of 3.3%. Although this test has never been employed in biodiesel eco/genotoxicity assessments, it seems a promising tool, based on its appropriate sensitivity, and representativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Eck-Varanka
- University of Pannonia, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Nora Kováts
- University of Pannonia, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Horváth
- University of Pannonia, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Árpád Ferincz
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter K. str. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kakasi
- University of Pannonia, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Tamás Nagy
- University of Pannonia, Georgikon Faculty, Department of Animal Sciences, Deák Ferenc str. 16, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Imre
- MTA-PE Air Chemistry Research Group, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Gábor Paulovits
- Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Klebelsberg Kunó str. 3, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
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