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Al-Manei K, Sobkowiak MJ, Nagadia RH, Heymann R, Sällberg Chen M, Özenci V. Mycobiota profile of oral fungal infections in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy: A 6-year retrospective MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry study. Oral Oncol 2023; 146:106556. [PMID: 37611433 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head and neck cancer (HNC) impairs patient immunity and increases susceptibility to oral fungal infections (OFIs). Effectively treating such infections requires accurate identification of the causative pathogens. This study aimed to characterize the mycobiota profile of OFIs in HNC patients undergoing radiation treatment (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A 6-year retrospective analysis of oral mucosal samples from HNC patients with a history of RT and OFIs between 2014 and 2019 was conducted using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling. Samples from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at Karolinska University Hospital were evaluated for mycobiota diversity and species co-occurrence patterns in the ongoing-RT and post-RT groups. RESULTS A total of 190 oral fungi (88% Candida, 5% Pichia) were isolated from 162 HNC patients receiving RT. In the ongoing-RT group, the emergent non-albicans Candida (NAC) species; F. solani and C. jadinii, were detected for the first time. The dominant pathogens in both ongoing and post-RT groups were C. albicans, C. glabrata, P. kudriavzevii, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, as shown by Venn analysis. Network analysis revealed greater fungi diversity and multi-species co-occurrence in the ongoing-RT group. C. albicans commonly co-occurred with C. glabrata in both ongoing-RT (21%) and post-RT groups (30%). CONCLUSION MALDI-TOF MS identified a wide range of oral fungal species in HNC patients receiving RT. While C. albicans remains the most prevalent OFIs pathogen, multi-species co-occurrence and novel NACs were noted. Understanding the ecological interactions among these causative pathogens could significantly advance the development of effective therapeutics for treating OFIs in HNC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al-Manei
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden; Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michał Jacek Sobkowiak
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden
| | - Rahul Harshad Nagadia
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Centre Singapore, and Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Heymann
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden; Medical Unit for Reconstructive Plastic- and Craniofacial Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret Sällberg Chen
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden.
| | - Volkan Özenci
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14104, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology F72, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge 14104, Sweden.
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Agboola JO, Mensah DD, Hansen JØ, Lapeña D, Mydland LT, Arntzen MØ, Horn SJ, Øyås O, Press CM, Øverland M. Effects of Yeast Species and Processing on Intestinal Health and Transcriptomic Profiles of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) Fed Soybean Meal-Based Diets in Seawater. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1675. [PMID: 35163597 PMCID: PMC8836103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of yeasts on intestinal health and transcriptomic profiles from the distal intestine and spleen tissue of Atlantic salmon fed SBM-based diets in seawater. Cyberlindnera jadinii (CJ) and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (WA) yeasts were heat-inactivated with spray-drying (ICJ and IWA) or autolyzed at 50 °C for 16 h (ACJ and AWA), followed by spray-drying. Six diets were formulated, one based on fishmeal (FM), a challenging diet with 30% soybean meal (SBM) and four other diets containing 30% SBM and 10% of each of the four yeast fractions (i.e., ICJ, ACJ, IWA and AWA). The inclusion of CJ yeasts reduced the loss of enterocyte supranuclear vacuolization and reduced the population of CD8α labeled cells present in the lamina propria of fish fed the SBM diet. The CJ yeasts controlled the inflammatory responses of fish fed SBM through up-regulation of pathways related to wound healing and taurine metabolism. The WA yeasts dampened the inflammatory profile of fish fed SBM through down-regulation of pathways related to toll-like receptor signaling, C-lectin receptor, cytokine receptor and signal transduction. This study suggests that the yeast species, Cyberlindnera jadinii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus are novel high-quality protein sources with health-beneficial effects in terms of reducing inflammation associated with feeding plant-based diets to Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeleel O. Agboola
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - Dominic D. Mensah
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - Jon Ø. Hansen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - David Lapeña
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Liv T. Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - Magnus Ø. Arntzen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Svein J. Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Ove Øyås
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Charles McL. Press
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
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Rudrangi SSR, West TP. Effect of pH on xylitol production by Candida species from a prairie cordgrass hydrolysate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 75:489-493. [PMID: 32817585 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using hydrolysates of the North American prairie grass prairie cordgrass buffered at pH 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 or 6.0, xylitol production, xylitol yield, cell biomass production and productivity were investigated for three strains of yeast Candida. Of the three strains, the highest xylitol concentration of 20.19 g xylitol (g xylose consumed)-1 and yield of 0.89 g xylitol (g xylose consumed)-1 were produced by Candida mogi ATCC 18364 when grown for 120 h at 30° C on the pH 5.5-buffered hydrolysate-containing medium. The highest biomass level being 7.7 g cells (kg biomass)-1 was observed to be synthesized by Candida guilliermondii ATCC 201935 after 120 h of growth at 30° C on a pH 5.5-buffered hydrolysate-containing medium. The highest xylitol specific productivity of 0.73 g xylitol (g cells h)-1 was determined for C. guilliermondii ATCC 20216 after 120 h of growth at 30°C on a pH 5.0-buffered hydrolysate-containing medium. Xylitol production and yield by the three Candida strains was higher on prairie cordgrass than what was previously observed for the same strains after 120 h at 30° C when another North American prairie grass big bluestem served as the plant biomass hydrolysate indicating that prairie cordgrass may be a superior plant biomass substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samatha S R Rudrangi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, 75429, TX, USA
| | - Thomas P West
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, 75429, TX, USA
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Plata E, Ruiz M, Ruiz J, Ortiz C, Castillo JJ, Fernández-Lafuente R. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the New 3-((2,3-Diacetoxypropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl Diacetate Using Immobilized Lipase B from Candida antarctica and Pyridinium Chlorochromate as an Oxidizing Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186501. [PMID: 32899537 PMCID: PMC7555366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To exploit the hydrolytic activity and high selectivity of immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica on octyl agarose (CALB-OC) in the hydrolysis of triacetin and also to produce new value-added compounds from glycerol, this work describes a chemoenzymatic methodology for the synthesis of the new dimeric glycerol ester 3-((2,3-diacetoxypropanoyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl diacetate. According to this approach, triacetin was regioselectively hydrolyzed to 1,2-diacetin with CALB-OC. The diglyceride product was subsequently oxidized with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) and a dimeric ester was isolated as the only product. It was found that the medium acidity during the PCC treatment and a high 1,2-diacetin concentration favored the formation of the ester. The synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, MS, HR-MS, and NMR techniques. The obtained dimeric ester was evaluated at 100 ppm against seven bacterial strains and two Candida species to identify its antimicrobial activity. The compound has no inhibitory activity against the bacterial strains used but decreased C. albicans and C. parapsilosis growth by 49% and 68%, respectively. Hemolytic activity was evaluated, and the results obtained support the use of the dimeric ester to control C. albicans and C. parapsilosis growth in non-intravenous applications because the compound shows hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Plata
- Escuela de Química, Grupo de investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Edificio Camilo Torres 210, Universidad Industrial de Santander, CEP, 680001 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (E.P.); (M.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Mónica Ruiz
- Escuela de Química, Grupo de investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Edificio Camilo Torres 210, Universidad Industrial de Santander, CEP, 680001 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (E.P.); (M.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Jennifer Ruiz
- Escuela de Química, Grupo de investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Edificio Camilo Torres 210, Universidad Industrial de Santander, CEP, 680001 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (E.P.); (M.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Claudia Ortiz
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680001 Bucaramanga, Colombia;
| | - John J. Castillo
- Escuela de Química, Grupo de investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Edificio Camilo Torres 210, Universidad Industrial de Santander, CEP, 680001 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (E.P.); (M.R.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.C.); (R.F.-L.); Tel.:+57-320-902-6464 (J.J.C.); +34915854804 (R.F.-L.)
| | - Roberto Fernández-Lafuente
- ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.C.); (R.F.-L.); Tel.:+57-320-902-6464 (J.J.C.); +34915854804 (R.F.-L.)
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Shahi G, Kumar M, Kumari S, Rudramurthy SM, Chakrabarti A, Gaur NA, Singh A, Prasad R. A detailed lipidomic study of human pathogenic fungi Candida auris. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:foaa045. [PMID: 32756963 PMCID: PMC8189018 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is an attempt to determine the lipid composition of Candida auris and to highlight if the changes in lipids can be correlated to high drug resistance encountered in C. auris. For this, the comparative lipidomics landscape between drug-susceptible (CBS10913T) and a resistant hospital isolate (NCCPF_470033) of C. auris was determined by employing high throughput mass spectrometry. All major groups of phosphoglycerides (PGL), sphingolipids, sterols, diacylglycerols (DAG) and triacylglycerols (TAG), were quantitated along with their molecular lipid species. Our analyses highlighted several key changes where the NCCPF_470033 showed an increase in PGL content, specifically phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine; odd chain containing lipids and accumulation of 16:1-DAG and 16:0-DAG; depletion of 18:1-TAG and 18:0-TAG. The landscape of molecular species displayed a distinct imprint between isolates. For example, the levels of unsaturated PGLs, contributed by both odd and even-chain fatty acyls were higher in resistant NCCPF_470033 isolate, resulting in a higher unsaturation index. Notwithstanding, several commonalities of lipid compositional changes between resistant C. auris and other Candida spp., the study could also identify distinguishable changes in specific lipid species in C. auris. Together, the data highlights the modulation of membrane lipid homeostasis associated with drug-resistant phenotype of C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Shahi
- Amity Institute of Integrative Science and Health and Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Gurugram,, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Amity Institute of Integrative Science and Health and Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Gurugram,, Haryana, 122413, India
- Yeast Biofuel Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sonam Kumari
- Yeast Biofuel Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research,, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research,, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Naseem A Gaur
- Yeast Biofuel Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Amity Institute of Integrative Science and Health and Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Gurugram,, Haryana, 122413, India
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Cruz A, Sterten H, Steinhoff FS, Mydland LT, Øverland M. Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source for broiler chickens: effects on growth performance and digestive function from hatching to 30 days of age. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3168-3178. [PMID: 32475453 PMCID: PMC7597667 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Europe is heavily dependent on imported feed protein sources such as soybean meal (SBM); thus, investigating local sustainable alternatives is crucial to increase self-sufficiency. This study evaluated the effects of the inactivated yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii grown on local lignocellulosic sugars on the growth performance and digestive function of Ross 308 broiler chickens. A total of 1,000 male chicks were allocated to 20 pens. There were 5 replicate pens with 50 birds each, from 1 to 30 D after hatch. The birds were offered one conventional wheat–oat–SBM–based control diet and 3 diets with increasing levels of C. jadinii replacing 10, 20, and 30% of dietary crude protein (CP), whereas SBM levels were gradually decreased. The feed intake and weight gain of the birds decreased linearly, and feed conversion ratio increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary levels of C. jadinii. Nevertheless, growth performance and feed intake were similar between the birds fed with control diets and diets containing 10% CP from C. jadinii in the starter and grower periods. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter, crude fat, organic matter, and carbohydrates was higher in control diets than in diets with 30% C. jadinii CP (P < 0.05) and decreased (P < 0.01) with incremental levels of dietary C. jadinii. Regardless, the AID of CP, starch, ash, and phosphorus was unaffected. Ileal villus height on day 10 was maintained in birds fed with diets containing 30% C. jadinii CP compared with the birds fed with control diets but was lower for birds fed with diets containing 10 and 20% C. jadinii protein (P < 0.05). To conclude, up to 10% C. jadinii CP can replace SBM CP in broiler chicken diets, maintaining growth performance and digestive function, whereas higher levels of C. jadinii may decrease bird performance. Altogether, this suggests the potential of C. jadinii as a local-based protein source in broiler chicken diets, contributing to a more sustainable feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cruz
- Felleskjøpet Fôrutvikling A.S., Trondheim NO-7018, Norway; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO 1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Liv T Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO 1432 Ås, Norway.
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Gherman AMR, Dina NE, Chiș V, Wieser A, Haisch C. Yeast cell wall - Silver nanoparticles interaction: A synergistic approach between surface-enhanced Raman scattering and computational spectroscopy tools. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 222:117223. [PMID: 31177002 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Candida species are becoming one of the pathogens developing antifungal resistance due to inappropriate treatment and overuse of antimycotic drugs in building construction and agriculture. Further, fungal infections are often difficult to detect, also due to slow in vitro growth of the organisms from clinical specimens. Thus, fast detection and discrimination of yeast cells in direct patient materials is essential for an adequate treatment and success rate. In this work, we investigated Candida species isolated from patients, by using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) combined with computational spectroscopy tools, aiming to detect and discriminate between the three considered species, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida parapsilosis. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate Raman spectra of yeasts' main cell wall components for elucidating the origin of the observed bands. Accurate assignments of normal modes helped for a better understanding of the interaction between silver nanoparticles with yeasts' cell wall. Further, SERS spectra were used as samples in a database on which we performed multivariate analyses. By Principal component analysis (PCA), we obtained a maximum variation of 79% between the three samples. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was successfully used to discriminate between the three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Raluca Gherman
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute of R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Elena Dina
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute of R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Vasile Chiș
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchinoninistr. 17, 82377 Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Leopoldstr. 5, 80802 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, D-80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Haisch
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Pazol J, Vázquez A, Nicolau E. Characterization of non-covalent immobilized Candida antartica lipase b over PS-b-P4VP as a model bio-reactive porous interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110418. [PMID: 31404792 PMCID: PMC6815258 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The design of interfaces that selectively react with molecules to transform them into compounds of industrial interest is an emerging area of research. An example of such reactions is the hydrolytic conversion of ester-based molecules to lipids and alcohols, which is of interest to the food, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a functional bio-interfaced layer was designed to hydrolyze 4-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) and Ricinus Communis (castor) oil rich in triglycerides using lipase b from Candida antarctica (CALB, EC 3.1.1.3). The attachment of CALB was performed via non-covalent immobilization over a polymer film of vertically aligned cylinders that resulted from the self-assembly of the di-block copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P4VP). This polymer-lipase model will serve as the groundwork for the design of further bioactive layers for separation applications requiring similar hydrolytic processes. Results from the fabricated functional bio-interfaced material include cylinders with featured pore size of 19 nm, d spacing of 34 nm, and ca. 40 nm of thickness. The polymer-enzyme layers were physically characterized using AFM, XPS, and FTIR. The immobilized enzyme was able to retain 91% of the initial enzymatic activity when using 4-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) and 78% when exposed to triglycerides from castor oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Pazol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00925-2537, USA; Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00931-3346, USA.
| | - Adriana Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00925-2537, USA.
| | - Eduardo Nicolau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, 17 Ave. Universidad Ste. 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00925-2537, USA; Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce De Leon Ave, Suite 2, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00931-3346, USA.
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Pesic M, Willot SJP, Fernández-Fueyo E, Tieves F, Alcalde M, Hollmann F. Multienzymatic in situ hydrogen peroxide generation cascade for peroxygenase-catalysed oxyfunctionalisation reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 74:101-104. [PMID: 30379645 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the application of peroxygenases in biocatalysis, because of their ability to catalyse the oxyfunctionalisation reaction in a stereoselective fashion and with high catalytic efficiencies, while using hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxides as oxidant. However, enzymes belonging to this class exhibit a very low stability in the presence of peroxides. With the aim of bypassing this fast and irreversible inactivation, we study the use of a gradual supply of hydrogen peroxide to maintain its concentration at stoichiometric levels. In this contribution, we report a multienzymatic cascade for in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide. In the first step, in the presence of NAD+ cofactor, formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii (FDH) catalysed the oxidation of formate yielding CO2. Reduced NADH was reoxidised by the reduction of the flavin mononucleotide cofactor bound to an old yellow enzyme homologue from Bacillus subtilis (YqjM), which subsequently reacts with molecular oxygen yielding hydrogen peroxide. Finally, this system was coupled to the hydroxylation of ethylbenzene reaction catalysed by an evolved peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (rAaeUPO). Additionally, we studied the influence of different reaction parameters on the performance of the cascade with the aim of improving the turnover of the hydroxylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milja Pesic
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sébastien Jean-Paul Willot
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Fernández-Fueyo
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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10
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Ruan L, Meng M, Wang C, Hou L. Draft genome sequence of Candida versatilis and osmotolerance analysis in soy sauce fermentation. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:3168-3175. [PMID: 30537220 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The salt-tolerant yeast strain Candida versatilis is usually added to high-salt, liquid-state soy sauce fermentation. The genome of C. versatilis was sequenced in our previous study but the reason for its high-osmolarity ability was not clear. RESULTS The 9.7 Mbp genome of C. versatilis contained 4711 CDS. Candida versatilis was the closest to another yeast, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, added to soy sauce fermentation. The protein sequence of the whole genome was divided into 4338 groups, accounting for 92.1% of all the predicted protein of C. versatilis using OrthoMCL. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathways, including high osmolarity and cell integrity, were predicted and proved by investigating the expression changes of the key genes CvHOG1, CvGPD1, and CvFPS1 in a high osmotic environment and by testing the variations of intracellular glycerol and extracellular glycerol. CONCLUSION Candida versatilis exhibited strong osmotolerance because it could synthesize intracellular glycerol and absorb glycerol from the environment cooperated with the shut down of glycerol efflux channel in membrane. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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11
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Salinas Alvarez C, Sierra-Sosa D, Garcia-Zapirain B, Yoder-Himes D, Elmaghraby A. Detection of Volatile Compounds Emitted by Bacteria in Wounds Using Gas Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19071523. [PMID: 30925832 PMCID: PMC6480681 DOI: 10.3390/s19071523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we analyze an experiment for the use of low-cost gas sensors intended to detect bacteria in wounds using a non-intrusive technique. Seven different genera/species of microbes tend to be present in most wound infections. Detection of these bacteria usually requires sample and laboratory testing which is costly, inconvenient and time-consuming. The validation processes for these sensors with nineteen types of microbes (1 Candida, 2 Enterococcus, 6 Staphylococcus, 1 Aeromonas, 1 Micrococcus, 2 E. coli and 6 Pseudomonas) are presented here, in which four sensors were evaluated: TGS-826 used for ammonia and amines, MQ-3 used for alcohol detection, MQ-135 for CO2 and MQ-138 for acetone detection. Validation was undertaken by studying the behavior of the sensors at different distances and gas concentrations. Preliminary results with liquid cultures of 108 CFU/mL and solid cultures of 108 CFU/cm2 of the 6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains revealed that the four gas sensors showed a response at a height of 5 mm. The ammonia detection response of the TGS-826 to Pseudomonas showed the highest responses for the experimental samples over the background signals, with a difference between the values of up to 60 units in the solid samples and the most consistent and constant values. This could suggest that this sensor is a good detector of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the recording made of its values could be indicative of the detection of this species. All the species revealed similar CO2 emission and a high response rate with acetone for Micrococcus, Aeromonas and Staphylococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Sierra-Sosa
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science (CECS), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | | | | | - Adel Elmaghraby
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science (CECS), University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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12
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Lai YT, Cheng KC, Lai CN, Lai YJ. Isolation and identification of aroma producing strain with esterification capacity from yellow water. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211356. [PMID: 30763353 PMCID: PMC6375555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaoliang is a refreshing fragranced type of Chinese spirits with slight apple fragrance that comes from ethyl acetate (EA). Special aromas are produced by esterification microorganisms, which affect the taste and quality of the wine. In this study, new yeast strains were isolated from yellow water, a by-product during fermentation process. Meanwhile, the optimal culture condition was determined for its growth and EA production. Three new strains, Kazachstaniaexigua, Candida humilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified from yellow water. Among these strains, S. cerevisiae S5 was the new and dominant strain. Results from response surface methodology showed that S. cerevisiae S5 produced 161.88 ppm of EA, in the medium with 4.91% yeast extract, 9.82% peptone, and 20.91% glucose after 96 hours of cultivation at 27.53°C. GC analysis showed that aroma compounds, such as EA, isoamyl acetate and 2-phenylethanol increased from the sample of optimal condition when compared to the one from initial fermentation condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Tso Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Nuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jang Lai
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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13
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Abstract
This article discusses the effect of selenium in aqueous solutions on aspects of lipid and amino acid metabolism in the cell biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MYA-2200 and Candida utilis ATCC 9950 yeasts. The yeast biomass was obtained by using waste products (potato wastewater and glycerol). Selenium, at a dose of 20 mg/L of aqueous solution, affected the differentiation of cellular morphology. Yeast enriched with selenium was characterized by a large functional diversity in terms of protein and amino acid content. The protein content in the biomass of S. cerevisiae enriched with selenium (42.6%) decreased slightly as compared to that in the control sample without additional selenium supplementation (48.4%). Moreover, yeasts of both strains enriched with selenium contained a large amount of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, and leucine. Analysis of fatty acid profiles in S. cerevisiae yeast supplemented with selenium showed an increase in the unsaturated fatty acid content (e.g., C18:1). The presence of margaric acid (C17:0) and hexadecanoic acid (C17:1) was found in the C. utilis biomass enriched with selenium, in contrast to that of S. cerevisiae. These results indicate that selenium may induce lipid peroxidation, which consequently affects the loss of integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. Yeast enriched with selenium with optimal amino acid and lipid composition can be used to prepare a novel formula of dietary supplements, which can be applied directly to various diets for both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Kot
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Nguyen TNY, Padungros P, Wongsrisupphakul P, Sa-Ard-Iam N, Mahanonda R, Matangkasombut O, Choo MK, Ritprajak P. Cell wall mannan of Candida krusei mediates dendritic cell apoptosis and orchestrates Th17 polarization via TLR-2/MyD88-dependent pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17123. [PMID: 30459422 PMCID: PMC6244250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) abundantly express diverse receptors to recognize mannans in the outer surface of Candida cell wall, and these interactions dictate the host immune responses that determine disease outcomes. C. krusei prevalence in candidiasis worldwide has increased since this pathogen has developed multidrug resistance. However, little is known how the immune system responds to C. krusei. Particularly, the molecular mechanisms of the interplay between C. krusei mannan and DCs remain to be elucidated. We investigated how C. krusei mannan affected DC responses in comparison to C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata mannan. Our results showed that only C. krusei mannan induced massive cytokine responses in DCs, and led to apoptosis. Although C. krusei mannan-activated DCs underwent apoptosis, they were still capable of initiating Th17 response. C. krusei mannan-mediated DC apoptosis was obligated to the TLR2 and MyD88 pathway. These pathways also controlled Th1/Th17 switching possibly by virtue of the production of the polarizing cytokines IL-12 and IL-6 by the C. krusei mannan activated-DCs. Our study suggests that TLR2 and MyD88 pathway in DCs are dominant for C. krusei mannan recognition, which differs from the previous reports showing a crucial role of C-type lectin receptors in Candida mannan sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Ngoc Yen Nguyen
- Graduate program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Panuwat Padungros
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Panachai Wongsrisupphakul
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Noppadol Sa-Ard-Iam
- Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rangsini Mahanonda
- Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Oranart Matangkasombut
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Min-Kyung Choo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Patcharee Ritprajak
- Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Oral Biology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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15
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Azman AR, Mahat NA, Abdul Wahab R, Abdul Razak FI, Hamzah HH. Novel Safranin-Tinted Candida rugosa Lipase Nanoconjugates Reagent for Visualizing Latent Fingerprints on Stainless Steel Knives Immersed in a Natural Outdoor Pond. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1576. [PMID: 29799469 PMCID: PMC6032438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterways are popular locations for the disposition of criminal evidence because the recovery of latent fingerprints from such evidence is difficult. Currently, small particle reagent is a method often used to visualize latent fingerprints containing carcinogenic and hazardous compounds. This study proposes an eco-friendly, safranin-tinted Candida rugosa lipase (triacylglycerol ester hydrolysis EC 3.1.1.3) with functionalized carbon nanotubes (CRL-MWCNTS/GA/SAF) as an alternative reagent to the small particle reagent. The CRL-MWCNTS/GA/SAF reagent was compared with the small particle reagent to visualize groomed, full fingerprints deposited on stainless steel knives which were immersed in a natural outdoor pond for 30 days. The quality of visualized fingerprints using the new reagent was similar (modified-Centre for Applied Science and Technology grade: 4; p > 0.05) to small particle reagent, even after 15 days of immersion. Despite the slight decrease in quality of visualized fingerprints using the CRL-MWCNTS/GA/SAF on the last three immersion periods, the fingerprints remained forensically identifiable (modified-Centre for Applied Science and Technology grade: 3). The possible chemical interactions that enabled successful visualization is also discussed. Thus, this novel reagent may provide a relatively greener alternative for the visualization of latent fingerprints on immersed non-porous objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Rasyidah Azman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Naji Arafat Mahat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
| | | | - Hafezul Helmi Hamzah
- Criminal Investigation Department, Criminal Intelligence (D4), Royal Malaysia Police, Kuala Lumpur 50560, Malaysia.
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16
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Abstract
Candida antarctica lipase B is stabilized in a porous, high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) of polydicyclopentadiene to enable biocatalytic waste stream upcycling. The immobilized lipase is subjected to thorough washing conditions and tested for stability in extreme environments and reusability. A porous internal microstructure is revealed through scanning electron microscopy. After preparation, lipase activity increased to 139 ± 9.7% of its original activity. After 10 cycles of reuse, immobilized lipase retains over 50% activity. Immobilized lipase retains activity after 24 h of exposure to temperatures ranging from 20 to 60 °C and pH values of 3, 7, and 10. In the most extreme environments tested, lipase retained 42.8 ± 21% relative activity after exposure to 60 °C and 49.4 ± 16% relative activity after exposure to pH 3. Polymerized HIPEs stabilize lipase and, thus, extend its working range. Further synthesis optimization has the potential to increase enzyme stability, immobilization efficiency, and uniformity. The reported hierarchical stabilization technique shows promise for use of immobilized lipase in non-ideal, industrially relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Andler
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Julie M Goddard
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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17
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Dominguez E, Zarnowski R, Sanchez H, Covelli AS, Westler WM, Azadi P, Nett J, Mitchell AP, Andes DR. Conservation and Divergence in the Candida Species Biofilm Matrix Mannan-Glucan Complex Structure, Function, and Genetic Control. mBio 2018; 9:e00451-18. [PMID: 29615504 PMCID: PMC5885036 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00451-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida biofilms resist the effects of available antifungal therapies. Prior studies with Candida albicans biofilms show that an extracellular matrix mannan-glucan complex (MGCx) contributes to antifungal sequestration, leading to drug resistance. Here we implement biochemical, pharmacological, and genetic approaches to explore a similar mechanism of resistance for the three most common clinically encountered non-albicansCandida species (NAC). Our findings reveal that each Candida species biofilm synthesizes a mannan-glucan complex and that the antifungal-protective function of this complex is conserved. Structural similarities extended primarily to the polysaccharide backbone (α-1,6-mannan and β-1,6-glucan). Surprisingly, biochemical analysis uncovered stark differences in the branching side chains of the MGCx among the species. Consistent with the structural analysis, similarities in the genetic control of MGCx production for each Candida species also appeared limited to the synthesis of the polysaccharide backbone. Each species appears to employ a unique subset of modification enzymes for MGCx synthesis, likely accounting for the observed side chain diversity. Our results argue for the conservation of matrix function among Candida spp. While biogenesis is preserved at the level of the mannan-glucan complex backbone, divergence emerges for construction of branching side chains. Thus, the MGCx backbone represents an ideal drug target for effective pan-Candida species biofilm therapy.IMPORTANCECandida species, the most common fungal pathogens, frequently grow as a biofilm. These adherent communities tolerate extremely high concentrations of antifungal agents, due in large part, to a protective extracellular matrix. The present studies define the structural, functional, and genetic similarities and differences in the biofilm matrix from the four most common Candida species. Each species synthesizes an extracellular mannan-glucan complex (MGCx) which contributes to sequestration of antifungal drug, shielding the fungus from this external assault. Synthesis of a common polysaccharide backbone appears conserved. However, subtle structural differences in the branching side chains likely rely upon unique modification enzymes, which are species specific. Our findings identify MGCx backbone synthesis as a potential pan-Candida biofilm therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert Zarnowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hiram Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Antonio S Covelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - William M Westler
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeniel Nett
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aaron P Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David R Andes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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18
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Morales-López SE, Parra-Giraldo CM, Ceballos-Garzón A, Martínez HP, Rodríguez GJ, Álvarez-Moreno CA, Rodríguez JY. Invasive Infections with Multidrug-Resistant Yeast Candida auris, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:162-164. [PMID: 27983941 PMCID: PMC5176232 DOI: 10.3201/eid2301.161497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungus that causes a wide range of symptoms. We report finding 17 cases of C. auris infection that were originally misclassified but correctly identified 27.5 days later on average. Patients with a delayed diagnosis of C. auris had a 30-day mortality rate of 35.2%.
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19
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Melo ADQ, Silva FFM, Dos Santos JCS, Fernández-Lafuente R, Lemos TLG, Dias Filho FA. Synthesis of Benzyl Acetate Catalyzed by Lipase Immobilized in Nontoxic Chitosan-Polyphosphate Beads. Molecules 2017; 22:E2165. [PMID: 29215558 PMCID: PMC6149806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes serve as biocatalysts for innumerable important reactions, however, their application has limitations, which can in many cases be overcome by using appropriate immobilization strategies. Here, a new support for immobilizing enzymes is proposed. This hybrid organic-inorganic support is composed of chitosan-a natural, nontoxic, biodegradable, and edible biopolymer-and sodium polyphosphate as the inorganic component. Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) was immobilized on microspheres by encapsulation using these polymers. The characterization of the composites (by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and confocal Raman microscopy) confirmed the hybrid nature of the support, whose external part consisted of polyphosphate and core was composed of chitosan. The immobilized enzyme had the following advantages: possibility of enzyme reuse, easy biocatalyst recovery, increased resistance to variations in temperature (activity declined from 60 °C and the enzyme was inactivated at 80 °C), and increased catalytic activity in the transesterification reactions. The encapsulated enzymes were utilized as biocatalysts for transesterification reactions to produce the compound responsible for the aroma of jasmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana D Q Melo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Rod. Pres. Juscelino Kubitschek, Boa Viagem CEP 63870-000, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Francisco F M Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte, RN 233, Km-02, Nº 999, Bairro Chapada do Apodi, Apodi CEP 59700-000, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - José C S Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção CEP 62785-000, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Telma L G Lemos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza CEP 60455-760, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Francisco A Dias Filho
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza CEP 60455-760, Ceará, Brazil.
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20
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Califano V, Bloisi F, Perretta G, Aronne A, Ausanio G, Costantini A, Vicari L. Frozen Microemulsions for MAPLE Immobilization of Lipase. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122153. [PMID: 29206163 PMCID: PMC6149894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was deposited by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) in order to immobilize the enzyme with a preserved native conformation, which ensures its catalytic functionality. For this purpose, the composition of the MAPLE target was optimized by adding the oil phase pentane to a water solution of the amino acid 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-l-alanine (m-DOPA), giving a target formed by a frozen water-lipase-pentane microemulsion. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to investigate the structure of MAPLE deposited lipase films. FTIR deconvolution of amide I band indicated a reduction of unfolding and aggregation, i.e., a better preserved lipase secondary structure in the sample deposited from the frozen microemulsion target. AFM images highlighted the absence of big aggregates on the surface of the sample. The functionality of the immobilized enzyme to promote transesterification was determined by thin layer chromatography, resulting in a modified specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Bloisi
- CNR-SPIN and Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Antonio Aronne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ausanio
- CNR-SPIN and Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Aniello Costantini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Luciano Vicari
- CNR-SPIN and Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
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21
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Carbó A, Torres R, Usall J, Fons E, Teixidó N. Dry formulations of the biocontrol agent Candida sake CPA-1 using fluidised bed drying to control the main postharvest diseases on fruits. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:3691-3698. [PMID: 28111760 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biocontrol agent Candida sake CPA-1 is effective against several diseases. Consequently, the optimisation of a dry formulation of C. sake to improve its shelf life and manipulability is essential for increasing its potential with respect to future commercial applications. The present study aimed to optimise the conditions for making a dry formulation of C. sake using a fluidised bed drying system and then to determine the shelf life of the optimised formulation and its efficacy against Penicillium expansum on apples. RESULTS The optimal conditions for the drying process were found to be 40 °C for 45 min and the use of potato starch as the carrier significantly enhanced the viability. However, none of the protective compounds tested increased the viability of the dried cells. A temperature of 25 °C for 10 min in phosphate buffer was considered as the optimum condition to recover the dried formulations. The dried formulations should be stored at 4 °C and air-packaged; moreover, shelf life assays indicated good results after 12 months of storage. The formulated products maintained their biocontrol efficacy. CONCLUSION A fluidised bed drying system is a suitable process for dehydrating C. sake cells; moreover, the C. sake formulation is easy to pack, store and transport, and is a cost-effective process. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carbó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Estanislau Fons
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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22
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Zhang S, Shi J, Deng Q, Zheng M, Wan C, Zheng C, Li Y, Huang F. Preparation of Carriers Based on ZnO Nanoparticles Decorated on Graphene Oxide (GO) Nanosheets for Efficient Immobilization of Lipase from Candida rugosa. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071205. [PMID: 28753931 PMCID: PMC6152098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a promising carrier, graphene oxide (GO) decorated with ZnO nanoparticles, denoted as GO/ZnO composite, has been designed and constructed. This carrier was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. Then, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was immobilized onto the GO-based materials via physical adsorption. Our results indicated that the lipase loading amount on the GO/ZnO composites was about 73.52 mg of protein per g. In the activity assay, the novel immobilized lipase GO/ZnO@CRL, exhibited particularly excellent performance in terms of thermostability and reusability. Within 30 min at 50 °C, the free lipase, GO@CRL and ZnO@CRL had respectively lost 64%, 62% and 41% of their initial activity. However, GO/ZnO@CRL still retained its activity of 63% after 180 min at 50 °C. After reuse of the GO/ZnO@CRL 14 times, 90% of the initial activity can be recovered. Meanwhile, the relative activity of GO@CRL and ZnO@CRL was 28% and 23% under uniform conditions. Hence, GO-decorated ZnO nanoparticles may possess great potential as carriers for immobilizing lipase in a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jie Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Chuyun Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Chang Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
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23
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Melo RRD, Alnoch RC, Vilela AFL, Souza EMD, Krieger N, Ruller R, Sato HH, Mateo C. New Heterofunctional Supports Based on Glutaraldehyde-Activation: A Tool for Enzyme Immobilization at Neutral pH. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071088. [PMID: 28788435 PMCID: PMC6152115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization is an exciting alternative to improve the stability of enzymatic processes. However, part of the applied covalent strategies for immobilization uses specific conditions, generally alkaline pH, where some enzymes are not stable. Here, a new generation of heterofunctional supports with application at neutral pH conditions was proposed. New supports were developed with different bifunctional groups (i.e., hydrophobic or carboxylic/metal) capable of adsorbing biocatalysts at different regions (hydrophobic or histidine richest place), together with a glutaraldehyde group that promotes an irreversible immobilization at neutral conditions. To verify these supports, a multi-protein model system (E. coli extract) and four enzymes (Candidarugosa lipase, metagenomic lipase, β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase) were used. The immobilization mechanism was tested and indicated that moderate ionic strength should be applied to avoid possible unspecific adsorption. The use of different supports allowed the immobilization of most of the proteins contained in a crude protein extract. In addition, different supports yielded catalysts of the tested enzymes with different catalytic properties. At neutral pH, the new supports were able to adsorb and covalently immobilize the four enzymes tested with different recovered activity values. Notably, the use of these supports proved to be an efficient alternative tool for enzyme immobilization at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodrigues de Melo
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC), Marie Curie 2. Cantoblanco, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Cx. P. 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Robson Carlos Alnoch
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC), Marie Curie 2. Cantoblanco, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19081 Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Ferreira Lopes Vilela
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC), Marie Curie 2. Cantoblanco, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19081 Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Krieger
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19081 Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Ruller
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol (CTBE), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Cx. P. 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hélia Harumi Sato
- Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cesar Mateo
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC), Marie Curie 2. Cantoblanco, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Luk CHJ, Yip J, Yuen CWM, Pang SK, Lam KH, Kan CW. Biosorption Performance of Encapsulated Candida krusei for the removal of Copper(II). Sci Rep 2017; 7:2159. [PMID: 28526881 PMCID: PMC5438343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of microorganisms in biosorption is one of the most promising ways to remove trace amounts of heavy metal ions. Nevertheless, the enhancement of the successful removal of heavy metal ions by using different combinations of biosorbents is not generally guaranteed which leaves room to explore the application of the technique. In this study, the performance of free and immobilized forms of a yeast strain, Candida krusei (C. krusei), and calcium alginate (CaAlg) are evaluated for their ability to remove copper(II). Infrared spectroscopy, studies on the effects of pH and temperature, and kinetics and isotherm modelling are carried out to evaluate the biosorption. The infrared spectroscopy shows that the primary biosorption sites on the biosorbents are carboxylate groups. In addition, a higher pH and higher temperatures promote biosorption while a decline in biosorption ability is observed for C. krusei at 50 °C. The kinetics study shows that C. krusei, CaAlg and immobilized C. krusei (MCaAlg) conform with good correlation to pseudo-second order kinetics. MCaAlg and CaAlg fit well to the Langmuir isotherm while C. krusei fits well to the Temkin isotherm. From the experimental data, encapsulating C. krusei showed improved biosoprtion and address clogging in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him Jim Luk
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong
| | - Joanne Yip
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong.
| | - Chun Wah Marcus Yuen
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Kwong Pang
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong
| | - Kim Hung Lam
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Wai Kan
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HungHom, Hong Kong
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25
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Andler SM, Wang LS, Rotello VM, Goddard JM. Influence of Hierarchical Interfacial Assembly on Lipase Stability and Performance in Deep Eutectic Solvent. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:1907-1914. [PMID: 28215070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical systems that integrate nano- and macroscale structural elements can offer enhanced enzyme stability over traditional immobilization methods. Microparticles were synthesized using interfacial assembly of lipase B from Candida antarctica with (CLMP-N) and without (CLMP) nanoparticles around a cross-linked polymeric core, to characterize the influence of the hierarchical assembly on lipase stability in extreme environments. Kinetic analysis revealed that the turnover rate (kcat) significantly increased after immobilization. The macrostructure stabilized lipase at neutral and basic pH values, while the nanoparticles influenced stability under acidic pH conditions. Performance of CLMPs was demonstrated by production of sugar ester surfactants in a greener, deep eutectic solvent system (choline chloride and urea). Turnover rate (kcat) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the CLMPs decreased following solvent exposure but retained over 60% and 20% activity after 48 h storage at 50 and 60 °C, respectively. CLMP and CLMP-N outperformed the commercially available lipase per unit protein in the production of sugar esters. Improving enzyme performance in greener solvent systems via hierarchical assembly can improve processing efficiency and sustainability for the production of value-added agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Andler
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , 379A LGRT, 710 Nt. Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , 379A LGRT, 710 Nt. Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Julie M Goddard
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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26
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Knežević-Jugović ZD, Grbavčić SŽ, Jovanović JR, Stefanović AB, Bezbradica DI, Mijin DŽ, Antov MG. Covalent Immobilization of Enzymes on Eupergit ® Supports: Effect of the Immobilization Protocol. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1504:75-91. [PMID: 27770415 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6499-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A selection of best combination of adequate immobilization support and efficient immobilization method is still a key requirement for successful application of immobilized enzymes on an industrial level. Eupergit® supports exhibit good mechanical and chemical properties and allow establishment of satisfactory hydrodynamic regime in enzyme reactors. This is advantageous for their wide application in enzyme immobilization after finding the most favorable immobilization method. Methods for enzyme immobilization that have been previously reported as efficient considering the obtained activity of immobilized enzyme are presented: direct binding to polymers via their epoxy groups, binding to polymers via a spacer made from ethylene diamine/glutaraldehyde, and coupling the periodate-oxidized sugar moieties of the enzymes to the polymer beads. The modification of the conventionally immobilized enzyme with ethylenediamine via the carbodiimide route seems to be a powerful tool to improve its stability and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica D Knežević-Jugović
- Department for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Ž Grbavčić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Innovation Centre, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena R Jovanović
- Department for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea B Stefanović
- Department for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan I Bezbradica
- Department for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Ž Mijin
- Department for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana G Antov
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Blvd. Cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, Serbia
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27
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Abstract
The binding of solvent molecules to a protein surface was modeled by molecular dynamics simulations of of Candida antarctica (C. antarctica) lipase B in binary mixtures of water, methanol, and toluene. Two models were analyzed: a competitive Langmuir model which assumes identical solvent binding sites with a different affinity toward water (KWat), methanol (KMet), and toluene (KTol) and a competitive Langmuir model with an additional interaction between free water and already bound water (KWatWat). The numbers of protein-bound molecules of both components of a binary mixture were determined for different compositions as a function of their thermodynamic activities in the bulk phase, and the binding constants were simultaneously fitted to the six binding curves (two components of three different mixtures). For both Langmuir models, the values of KWat, KMet, and KTol were highly correlated. The highest binding affinity was found for methanol, which was almost 4-fold higher than the binding affinities of water and toluene (KMet ≫ KWat ≈ KTol). Binding of water was dominated by the water-water interaction (KWatWat). Even for the three protein surface patches of highest water affinity, the binding affinity of methanol was 2-fold higher than water and 8-fold higher than toluene (KMet > KWat > KTol). The Langmuir model provides insights into the protein destabilizing mechanism of methanol which has a high binding affinity toward the protein surface. Thus, destabilizing solvents compete with intraprotein interactions and disrupt the tertiary structure. In contrast, benign solvents such as water or toluene have a low affinity toward the protein surface. Water is a special solvent: only few water molecules bind directly to the protein; most water molecules bind to already bound water molecules thus forming water patches. A quantitative mechanistic model of protein-solvent interactions that includes competition and miscibility of the components contributes a robust basis for solvent and protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kulschewski
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Pleiss
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart , Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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28
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Fdhila K, Haddaji N, Chakroun I, Macherki MEE, Nefzi F, Bakhrouf A. Glucomannan's protective effect on the virulence of Vibrio splendidus in pacific oyster. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 56:410-416. [PMID: 27492122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We examine the effect of Glucomannan, extracted from Candida utilis yeast, on immune parameters and resistance to Vibrio splendidus of Crassostreagigas. Our results showed that Glucomannan was a successful anti-adhesive molecule; it exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on adhesion of Vibrio splendidus in infected Crassostreagigas. Vibrio splendidus viable cells number declined after incubation with Glucomannan. Furthermore, the Glucomannan diet showed higher activity to trigger the immune response against bacteria. Glucomannan applications, in biological control of seafood associated pathogens can be an alternative solution, providing consumer with a product of good quality owing to the use of 40 non-toxic compounds. Based on our results, Glucomannan could be used as a bio-protective culture in oyster's depuration to prevent Vibrio splendidus growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Fdhila
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVPEP), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Najla Haddaji
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVPEP), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
| | - Ibtissem Chakroun
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVPEP), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Ezz Eddine Macherki
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVPEP), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Faten Nefzi
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Tunisia
| | - Amina Bakhrouf
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVPEP), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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29
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Wu J, Yang X, Wang D, Hu X, Liao J, Rao J, Pu J, Zhan CG, Liao F. A Numerical Approach for Kinetic Analysis of the Nonexponential Thermoinactivation Process of Uricase. Protein J 2016; 35:318-29. [PMID: 27480193 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-016-9675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the exponential decrease of activity of a uricase from Candida sp. during storage at 37 °C, there was a plateau period of about 4 days at pH 7.4, 12 days at pH 9.2, and about 22 days in the presence of 30 μM oxonate at pH 7.4 or 9.2, but no degradation of polypeptides and no activity of resolved homodimers. To reveal determinants of the plateau period, a dissociation model involving a serial of conformation intermediates of homotetramer were proposed for kinetic analysis of the thermoinactivation process. In the dissociation model, the roles of interior noncovalent interactions essential for homotetramer integrity were reflected by an equivalent number of the artificial weakest noncovalent interaction; to avoid covariance among parameters, the rate constant for disrupting the artificial weakest noncovalent interaction was fixed at the minimum for physical significance of other parameters; among thermoinactivation curves simulated by numerical integration with different sets of parameters, the one for least-squares fitting to an experimental one gave the solution. Results found that the equivalent number of the artificial weakest noncovalent interaction primarily determined the plateau period; kinetics rather than thermodynamics for homotetramer dissociation determined the thermoinactivation process. These findings facilitated designing thermostable uricase mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Central Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No.439, Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - JingJing Rao
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Fei Liao
- Unit for Analytical Probes and Protein Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Education Ministry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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30
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de Morais WG, Kamimura ES, Ribeiro EJ, Pessela BC, Cardoso VL, de Resende MM. Optimization of the production and characterization of lipase from Candida rugosa and Geotrichum candidum in soybean molasses by submerged fermentation. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 123:26-34. [PMID: 27057641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This present work describes the production and biochemical characterization of lipase by Candida rugosa and Geotrichum candidum in a culture supplemented with soybean molasses. After optimizing the fermentation times for both microorganisms, the effects of changing the soybean molasses concentration, the fermentative medium pH and the fermentation temperature were evaluated using the Central Composite Planning. When soybean molasses was used at a concentration of 200 g/L at 27 ± 1 °C and pH 3.5, the lipolytic activity measured in the broth was 12.3 U/mL after 12 h for C. rugosa and 11.48 U/mL after 24 h for G. candidum. The molecular masses were 38.3 kDa to G. candidum lipase and 59.7 kDa to C. rugosa lipase, determined by SDS-PAGE. The lipase from both microorganisms exhibited maximal hydrolytic activity at a temperature of 40 °C and were inhibited at pH 10.0. Using different concentration of p-nitrophenylbutyrate (p-NPB), the kinetic parameters were calculated, as follows: the Km of lipase from G. candidum was 465.44 μM and the Vmax 0.384 μmol/min; the Km and Vmax of lipase from C. rugosa were 129.21 μM and 0.034 μmol/min, respectively. Lipases activity were increased by metallic ions Mg(2+) and Na(+) and inhibited by metallic ion Cu(3+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Galvão de Morais
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Campus Santa Mônica, Bloco 1K, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9 28049, Cantoblanco, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eliana Setsuko Kamimura
- University of São Paulo, Rua Duque de Caxias Norte, 225 - Sala 6 da ZEA, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloízio Júlio Ribeiro
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Campus Santa Mônica, Bloco 1K, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Benevides Costa Pessela
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9 28049, Cantoblanco, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologias, Instituto Superior Politecnico de Tecnologías e Ciencias, ISPTEC, Av. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona, Luanda Sul, Angola
| | - Vicelma Luiz Cardoso
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Campus Santa Mônica, Bloco 1K, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Miriam Maria de Resende
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Uberlândia Federal University, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Campus Santa Mônica, Bloco 1K, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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31
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Vorob'eva LI, Khodzhaev EY, Rogozhin EA, Cherdyntseva TA, Netrusov AI. Characterization of Extracellular Yeast Peptide Factors and Their Stress-Protective Effect on Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria. Mikrobiologiia 2016; 85:393-402. [PMID: 28853771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protective effect of the extracellular peptide fraction (reactivating factors, RF) produced by yeasts of various taxonomic groups (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida utilis, and Yarrowia li- polytica) on probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus,'and L. reuteri under bile salt (BS)-induced stress was shown. RF of all yeasts were shown to be of peptide nature; the active component of the S. cerevisiae RF was identified as a combination of low-molecular polypeptides with molecular masses of 0.6 to 1.5 kDa. The protective and reactivating effects of the yeast factors were not species-specific and were similar to those of the Luteococcusjaponicus subsp. casei R. In BS-treated cells of the tester bacteria, a pro- tective effect was observed after 10-min preincubation of the LAB cell suspension with yeast RE: the number of surviving cells (CFU) was 2 to 4.5 times higher than in the control. The reactivating effect was observed when RF was added to LAB cell suspensions not later than 15 min after stress treatment. It was less pro- nounced than the protector effect, with the CFU number I to 3 times that of the control. Both the protector and the reactivating effects were most pronounced in the S. cerevisiae and decreased in the row: C. utilis > K. lactis > Y lipolytica. The efficiency of protective action of yeast RF was found to depend on the properties of recepient LAB cells, with the L. casei strain being most sensitive to BS treatment. In both variants, the highest protective effect of RF (increase in the CFU number) was observed for L. acidophilus, while the least pronounced one, for L. casei. The reasons for application of the LAB strains combining high stress resistance and high response to stress-protecting metabolites, including RF factors, as probiotics, is discussed.
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Kumrungsee T, Akiyama S, Saiki T, Omae M, Hamasawa K, Matsui T. Vasorelaxant Effect of 5'-Methylthioadenosine Obtained from Candida utilis Yeast Extract through the Suppression of Intracellular Ca(2+) Concentration in Isolated Rat Aorta. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:3362-3370. [PMID: 27066696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Our study is the first to demonstrate the vasorelaxant effect of Candida utilis yeast extract on rat aorta (EC50 of 7.2 ± 3.2 mg/mL). Among five identified compounds, 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) exhibited comparable vasorelaxant effect (EC50 of 190 ± 40 μM) with adenosine, a known vasodilator, on 1 μM phenylephrine (PE)-contracted Sprague-Dawley rat aortic rings. MTA induced vasorelaxation in an endothelium-independent manner and independent of the adenosine receptors. MTA reduced a CaCl2-induced vasocontraction stimulated by 1 μM PE, whereas the effect was abolished in a 60 mM KCl-induced vasocontraction. This indicates that MTA was not involved in the suppression of extracellular Ca(2+) influx. MTA significantly (P < 0.01) attenuated the PE-induced activation of calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMK II) in aortic rings and inhibited the phosphorylation of L-type Ca(2+) channel (VDCC). In conclusion, the underlying mechanism(s) of MTA-induced vasorelaxation involves the inhibition of Ca(2+)/CaMK II/VDCC phosphorylation pathway, resulting in the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in aortic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee
- Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University , 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Sayaka Akiyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University , 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Tomomi Saiki
- KOHJIN Life Sciences Company Ltd. , Saiki-Factory, 1-6 Higashihama, Saiki-shi, Oita 876-8580, Japan
| | - Masato Omae
- KOHJIN Life Sciences Company Ltd. , Saiki-Factory, 1-6 Higashihama, Saiki-shi, Oita 876-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hamasawa
- KOHJIN Life Sciences Company Ltd. , Saiki-Factory, 1-6 Higashihama, Saiki-shi, Oita 876-8580, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University , 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Knoth H, Maywald D, Walter W. In-vitro detection of mannan and galactomannan in components of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Pharmazie 2016; 71:238-242. [PMID: 27348965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection of Candida mannan and Aspergillus galactomannan in serum with the Platelia enzyme immunoassay is applied for diagnosing invasive fungal infections. High risk patients for invasive fungal infections are often receiving parenteral nutrition. It is important to know whether false-positive Platelia test results occur during total parenteral nutrition. Studies to false-positivity in intravenous feeding solutions lack so that we start an in-vitro investigation. We used two different enzyme immunoassays to test the feeding solutions. We tested infusions (n = 19) which are applied for the production of individual parenteral nutrition in the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden. We used the Platelia Aspergillus EIA to analyse the Aspergillus antigen galactomannan in the solutions. In addition, the Platelia Candida Ag plus was used to determine the concentration of the Candida antigen mannan. In summary, four solutions (21%) showed measurable concentrations of the Candida mannan. They were considered positive with a concentration > 0.125 ng/ ml mannan (Tracitrans infant, calcium gluconate solution) and borderline with a concentration between 0.0625 and 0.125 ng/ml mannan (Tracitrans plus, SMOFlipid). None of the analysed infusions contained the Aspergillus galactomannan. In conclusion, further investigations on the topic are necessary to determine their in-vivo impact. A positive Platelia test result can simulate the presence of invasive fungal infections. As a consequence the patient may be treated with expensive, systemic antimycotics with a high risk of adverse events. Therefore a definite diagnosis is important.
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Yang X, Jiang L, Jia Y, Hu Y, Xu Q, Xu X, Huang H. Counteraction of Trehalose on N, N-Dimethylformamide-Induced Candida rugosa Lipase Denaturation: Spectroscopic Insight and Molecular Dynamic Simulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152275. [PMID: 27031946 PMCID: PMC4816565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) has been widely used as a biocatalyst for non-aqueous synthesis in biotechnological applications, which, however, often suffers significant loss of activity in organic solvent. Experimental results show that trehalose could actively counteract the organic-solvent-induced protein denaturation, while the molecular mechanisms still don’t unclear. Herein, CRL was used as a model enzyme to explore the effects of trehalose on the retention of enzymatic activity upon incubation in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Results showed that both catalytic activity and conformation changes of CRL influenced by DMF solvent were inhibited by trehalose in a dose-dependent fashion. The simulations further indicated that the CRL protein unfolded in binary DMF solution, but retained the native state in the ternary DMF/trehalose system. Trehalose as the second osmolyte added into binary DMF solution decreased DMF-CRL hydrogen bonds efficiently, whereas increased the intermolecular hydrogen bondings between DMF and trehalose. Thus, the origin of its denaturing effects of DMF on protein is thought to be due to the preferential exclusion of trehalose as well as the intermolecular hydrogen bondings between trehalose and DMF. These findings suggest that trehalose protect the CRL protein from DMF-induced unfolding via both indirect and direct interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- * E-mail: (LJ); (HH)
| | - Yigang Jia
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yi Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xian Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - He Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- * E-mail: (LJ); (HH)
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Liang H, Zhang R, Xu Y, Zhou X, Jiang J, Li Y, Gao X, Hideki N. [Expression and functions of (S)-carbonyl reductase II in Saccharomyces cerevisiaes spores]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2015; 55:1593-1599. [PMID: 27101702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To realize efficient biotransformation of (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol by recombinant (S)-carbonyl reductase II, we expressed (S)- carbonyl reductase II from Candida parapsilosis CCTCC M203011 and embedded it in the spores of Saccharomyces cerevisiae AN120. METHODS (S)-carbonyl reductase II gene was cloned from C. parapsilosis genome and expressed in S. cerevisiae AN120 by PCR amplification. When cultured with potassium acetate as the sole carbon source, the yeast spores were produced, and embedded the recombinant (S)-carbonyl reductase II. Using 10% W/V spores as biocatalysts, 6 g/L 2-hydroxyacetophenone as substrate, the biotransformation was carried out and the optical purity and yield of products were analyzed by HPLC. During the biotransformation of 2-hydroxyacetophenone to (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, the optimal temperature and pH, stability and reusability of the recombinant spores were determined. RESULTS The recombinant yeast spores showed excellent performance to give (S)-1-phenyl-1,2- ethanediol with a high optical purity of 99.3% and a high yield of 99.0% at the optimal temperature (40 °C) and pH (6.0). Compared with the recombinant Escherichia coli, the spores improved the yield of (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol from 89.7% to 99.0%, and shortened the biotransformation duration from 48 h to 4 h. After being reused for 10 times, the recombinant spores biotransformed (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol with a stable optical purity of about 99% and a yield over 85%. CONCLUSION The heterologous expression of oxidoreductases was first realized in yeast spores, which laid a solid foundation for efficient preparation of chiral compounds.
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Areesirisuk A, Chiu CH, Yen TB, Liu CH, Guo JH. A NOVEL OLEAGINOUS YEAST STRAIN WITH HIGH LIPID PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATION TO ALTERNATIVE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 51:387-94. [PMID: 26353403 DOI: 10.7868/s0555109915030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Five lipid-producing yeast strains, CHC08, CHC11, CHC28, CHC34, and CHC35, were revealed by Sudan Black B staining to contain lipid droplets within cells. Molecular analysis demonstrated that they were 2 strains of Candida parapsilosis, Pseudozyma parantarctica, Pichia manshurica, and Pichia occidentalis. Following batch fermentation, P. parantarctica CHC28 was found to have the highest biomass concentration, total lipids and lipid content levels. The major fatty acids in the lipids of this yeast strain were C16 and C18. Predictions of the properties of yeast biodiesel using linear equations resulted in values similar to biodiesel made from plant oils. Preliminary production of yeast biodiesel from P. parantarctica CHC28 was accomplished through esterification and transesterification reactions. It was found that yeast lipids with high acid value are easily converted to biodiesel at an approximately 90% yield. Therefore, it is possible to use crude lipids as alternative raw materials for biodiesel production.
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Bagirova NS. [THE TRUE OR FALSE BACTERIEMIA: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EVALUATION CRITERIA OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF POSITIVE HEMOCULTURE]. Klin Lab Diagn 2015; 60:55-61. [PMID: 26596050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic of infections of blood flow using technique of hemofermentation (blood inoculation) is one of the most significant functions of laboratory of clinical microbiology. The effectiveness of the given technique depends on many factors, including criteria of evaluation of clinical significance of episode of bacteriemia and isolated microorganism applied by physician-microbiologist. The intelligent analysis of received results is needed. The physician-microbiologist has to determine if microorganism isolated from given blood sample, is a genuine agent of infections of bloodflow or it is only effect of contamination of analyzed sample at certain stage. The article presents data concerning taxonomic structure of microorganisms isolated under episodes of bacteriemia of adult oncologic hematologic patients during 2005-2013. The criteria of evaluation of clinical significance of episode of bacteriemia and isolated microorganism are described. The given criteria are developed in the N.N. Blokhin Russian oncological research center and are applied since 1977. The cases of contamination and genuine bacteriemia are established. The comparative analysis of international data and results of one's own study are carried out.
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Li CC, Chung HP, Wen HW, Chang CT, Wang YT, Chou FI. The radiation resistance and cobalt biosorption activity of yeast strains isolated from the Lanyu low-level radioactive waste repository in Taiwan. J Environ Radioact 2015; 146:80-87. [PMID: 25957049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous nature of microbes has made them the pioneers in radionuclides adsorption and transport. In this study, the radiation resistance and nuclide biosorption capacity of microbes isolated from the Lanyu low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) repository in Taiwan was assessed, the evaluation of the possibility of using the isolated strain as biosorbents for (60)Co and Co (II) from contaminated aqueous solution and the potential impact on radionuclides release. The microbial content of solidified waste and broken fragments of containers at the Lanyu LLRW repository reached 10(5) CFU/g. Two yeast strains, Candida guilliermondii (CT1) and Rhodotorula calyptogenae (RT1) were isolated. The radiation dose necessary to reduce the microbial count by one log cycle of CT1 and RT1 was 2.1 and 0.8 kGy, respectively. Both CT1 and RT1 can grow under a radiation field with dose rate of 6.8 Gy/h, about 100 times higher than that on the surface of the LLRW container in Lanyu repository. CT1 and RT1 had the maximum (60)Co biosorption efficiency of 99.7 ± 0.1% and 98.3 ± 0.2%, respectively in (60)Co aqueous solution (700 Bq/mL), and the (60)Co could stably retained for more than 30 days in CT 1. Nearly all of the Co was absorbed and reached equilibrium within 1 h by CT1 and RT1 in the 10 μg/g Co (II) aqueous solution. Biosorption efficiency test showed almost all of the Co (II) was adsorbed by CT1 in 20 μg/g Co (II) aqueous solution, the efficiency of biosorption by RT1 in 10 μg/g of Co (II) was lower. The maximum Co (II) sorption capacity of CT1 and RT1 was 5324.0 ± 349.0 μg/g (dry wt) and 3737.6 ± 86.5 μg/g (dry wt), respectively, in the 20 μg/g Co (II) aqueous solution. Experimental results show that microbial activity was high in the Lanyu LLRW repository in Taiwan. Two isolated yeast strains, CT1 and RT1 have high potential for use as biosorbents for (60)Co and Co (II) from contaminated aqueous solution, on the other hand, but may have the impact on radionuclides release from LLRW repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chin Li
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ping Chung
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Wen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tu Chang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Atomic Energy Council, No. 1000, Wenhua Road, Tauyuan, 32546, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Fong-In Chou
- Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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Kunigo M, Buerth C, Ernst JF. Secreted xylanase XynA mediates utilization of xylan as sole carbon source in Candida utilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8055-64. [PMID: 26051669 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The fodder yeast Candida utilis is able to use xylose mono- and oligomers as sources of carbon but not the abundant polymer xylan. C. utilis transformants producing the Penicillium simplicissimum xylanase XynA were constructed using expression vectors encoding fusions of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mfα1 pre-pro secretion leader to XynA. The Mfα1-XynA fusion was efficiently processed in transformants and XynA was secreted almost quantitatively into the culture medium. Secreted XynA was enzymatically active and allowed transformants to grow on xylan as the sole carbon source. Addition of a second expression unit for the heterologous green fluorescent protein (GFP) generated C. utilis transformants, which showed intracellular GFP fluorescence during growth on xylan. The results suggest that xylanase-producing C. utilis is suited as a cost-effective host organism for heterologous protein production and for other biotechnical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kunigo
- Department Biologie, Molekulare Mykologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1/26.12.01, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Liu N, Wang L, Wang Z, Jiang L, Wu Z, Yue H, Xie X. Microwave-Assisted Resolution of α-Lipoic Acid Catalyzed by an Ionic Liquid Co-Lyophilized Lipase. Molecules 2015; 20:9949-60. [PMID: 26035096 PMCID: PMC6272624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of the ionic liquid co-lyophilized lipase and microwave irradiation was used to improve enzyme performance in enantioselective esterification of α-lipoic acid. Effects of various reaction conditions on enzyme activity and enantioselectivity were investigated. Under optimal condition, the highest enantioselectivity (E = 41.2) was observed with a high enzyme activity (178.1 μmol/h/mg) when using the ionic liquid co-lyophilized lipase with microwave assistance. Furthermore, the ionic liquid co-lyophilized lipase exhibited excellent reusability under low power microwave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Zhuofu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xiaona Xie
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Todea A, Badea V, Nagy L, Kéki S, Boeriu CG, Péter F. Biocatalytic synthesis of δ-gluconolactone and ε-caprolactone copolymers. Acta Biochim Pol 2014; 61:205-210. [PMID: 24904930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradability and biocompatibility properties of ε-caprolactone homopolymers place it as a valuable raw material, particularly for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. However, the usefulness of such materials is limited by their low hydrophilicity and slow biodegradation rate. In order to improve polycaprolactone properties and functionalities, copolymerization of ε-caprolactone with δ-gluconolactone was investigated. Since enzymatic reactions involving sugars are usually hindered by the low solubility of these compounds in common organic solvents, finding the best reaction medium was a major objective of this research. The optimal copolymerization conditions were set up by using different organic media (solvent and solvents mixtures), as well as solvent free systems that are able to dissolve (completely or partially) sugars, and are nontoxic for enzymes. Native and immobilized lipases by different immobilization techniques from Candida antarctica B and Thermomyces lanuginosus have been used as biocatalyst at 80°C. Although the main copolymer amount was synthesized in DMSO:t-BuOH (20:80) medium, the highest polymerization degrees, up to 16 for the copolymer product, were achieved in solventless conditions. The products, cyclic and linear polyesters, have been characterized by FT-IR and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The reaction product analysis revealed the formation of cyclic products that could be the major impediment of further increase of the chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Todea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University "Politehnica" of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Valentin Badea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University "Politehnica" of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lajos Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Carmen G Boeriu
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francisc Péter
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University "Politehnica" of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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Dixit V, Cho BK, Obendorf K, Tewari J. Identifications of household's spores using mid infrared spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 123:490-496. [PMID: 24434199 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to household fungi is very common both inside and outside the house and can cause health issues. The application of fourier transforms mid infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as a screening technique for the detection and identification of household fungi was investigated. Early detection and identification of these household pathogens is very important and critical for their control. The current available methods for identification of fungi are time consuming, expensive and not very specific. Mid IR spectroscopy is a reliable and sensitive technique for the detection of spores. FTIR Spectra of four household fungi such as Aspergillus Ochraceus, Aspergillus Niger, Candida Glabrata and Penicillium Roguefortii were recorded in the mid infrared range from 600 to 4000cm(-1) using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) sampling accessory. Chemometrics analysis using principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis (CVA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were performed to discriminate the fungi samples. Correspondence analysis (CA) was performed in order to visualize the relationship between different spores. An optimum classification of 100% was achieved for four different fungi. Results demonstrated that discriminant analysis of the FTIR spectra of fungi could be used for rapid detection of household fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byoung Kwan Cho
- College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Kay Obendorf
- Fiber Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14251, USA
| | - Jagdish Tewari
- Fiber Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14251, USA.
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Tada R, Yamanaka D, Nagi-Miura N, Adachi Y, Ohno N. Vasculitis and anaphylactoid shock induced in mice by cell wall extract of the fungus Candida metapsilosis. Pol J Microbiol 2014; 63:223-230. [PMID: 25115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether cell wall mannan from Candida metapsilosis induces vasculitis similar to that in Kawasaki syndrome and anaphylactoid shock in mice, we examined the pathogenic effects of C. metapsilosis cell wall extracts. Our results show that intraperitoneal injection of cell wall extracts induced severe coronary arteritis, and intravenous injection induced acute anaphylactoid shock similar to extracts from Candida albicans (C. albicans). Structural analysis of cell wall mannan from C. metapsilosis using NMR spectroscopy showed it to contain only a-mannan, indicating that a-mannan might be contributing to Candida pathogenicity by inducing coronary arteritis and acute shock.
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Tkachenko AF, Tigunova EA, Shul'ga SM. [Microbial lipids as a source for biofuel]. Tsitol Genet 2013; 47:22-29. [PMID: 24437195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the main directions and experimental data to search among the different species of yeast--active producers of lipids and the ways to lipidogenesis process optimization in the most promising stains. It was shown that enzymatic processes course can be directed with maintaining the necessary cultivation conditions. The influence on the growth, development and biochemical activity of microbial medium composition, temperature, aeration and oxidation-reduction conditions was considered. These factors changing have affected the microorganisms biosynthetic activity, lipidogenic yeasts activity and synthesized lipids composition. Lipidogenic yeasts ability and relatively rapid ability on changing the amount and composition of lipids by the direct cultivation leads to the conclusion that lipids obtained by microbial synthesis can be a source of commercial raw materials for biofuel.
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Recke VK, Park JB, Gerlitzki M, Hausmann R, Syldatk C, Wray V, Tokuda H, Suzuki N, Lang S. Structure elucidation and characterization of microbial 2-tridecyl sophorosides (biosurfactants). Z NATURFORSCH C 2013; 68:489-498. [PMID: 24601087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To produce novel types of sophorose lipids containing an odd number of carbon atoms in the lipophilic moiety, Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 was grown in 500-ml flask cultures with glucose as main carbon source, and additionally, 2-tridecanone as co-substrate. After solvent extraction, the crude product mixture was separated into pure fractions, and each fraction was analysed via NMR and mass spectroscopy. This effective strategy generated five new glycolipids, 2-tridecyl sophorosides, which differed in the number of glucose units, and acetyl and hydroxy groups, respectively. Based on these compounds, a proposal for the possible biosynthetic pathway was deduced. Two compounds of the mixture, mono- and diacetylated 2-tridecyl sophorosides, respectively, were able to lower the surface tension of water from 72 mN m(-1) to 32 mN m(-1) and the interfacial tension between water and n-hexadecane from 43 mN m(-1) down to 4 and 3 mN m(-1). Thus, both compounds possess a very good surfactant behaviour. Moreover, it was observed that the new products inhibit the growth of particular Gram-positive bacteria, and they indicate potential for antitumour-promoting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena K Recke
- Braunschweig University of Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Spielmannstr. 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jun B Park
- Braunschweig University of Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Spielmannstr. 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Melanie Gerlitzki
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- Hohenheim University, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Fruhwirthstr. 12, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Victor Wray
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Inhoffenstr. 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Harukuni Tokuda
- Kanazawa University, Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Clinical R & D, Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Suzuki
- Kanazawa University, Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Clinical R & D, Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Siegmund Lang
- Braunschweig University of Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Spielmannstr. 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Wang C, Zhuge B, Fang H, Zong H, Song J, Zhuge J. [Cloning and characterization of an HOG1 MAPK homologous gene CgHOG1 from Candida glycerinogenes]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2013; 53:1103-1110. [PMID: 24409766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to obtain a key gene of osmo-adaptation and glycerol synthesis regulation in Candida glycerinogenes, namely mitogen-activated protein kinase HOG1 gene (CgHOG1), and to verify its function of osmo-regulation. METHODS The gene CgHOG1 was amplified by Degenerate PCR and Self-Formed Adaptor PCR from the C. glycerinogenes genome and the bioinformatic analysis of CgHOG1 gene was conducted. The CgHOG1 gene was transformed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae hog1delta null mutant and its salt tolerance characteristics was investigated. RESULTS The gene CgHOG1 encoded a protein of 387 amino acids with an open reading frame of 1164 bp and the amino acid sequence showed 86% identity to Hog1 p of Ogataea parapolymorpha. Heterologous expression of CgHOG1 gene in S. cerevisiae W303 hog1 delta null mutant showed an increase in salt tolerance and glycerol production compared to S. cerevisiae W303 hog1 delta null mutant. CONCLUSION The CgHOG1 obtained in this study is a novel HOG1 gene from C. glycerinogenes, which plays an essential role in the yeast hyperosmotic response and glycerol synthesis. We supplied a new gene for the osmo-adaptation mechanism in C. glycerinogenes and molecular modification of the salt-tolerant and drought-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Bin Zhuge
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Huiying Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hong Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Zhuge
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Wang D, Yang B, Wei G, Liu Z, Wang C. Efficient preparation of selenium/glutathione-enriched Candida utilis and its biological effects on rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:249-57. [PMID: 22661074 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to prepare selenium/glutathione-enriched Candida utilis and investigate its effect on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune response in rats. The preparation of the selenium/glutathione-enriched yeast was conducted using fed-batch culture for high cell density. The optimal culture conditions for increased intracellular organic selenium and glutathione contents were as follows: the concentrated medium was fed beginning at 12 h using a polynomial feeding strategy until a total glucose concentration of 150 g/l was reached, and sodium selenite was continuously added together with glucose to a total concentration of 60 mg/l. As a result, 81 % of sodium selenite was assimilated and transformed into organic selenium by C. utilis under optimal conditions, which in turn resulted in greater glutathione accumulation and lower malondialdehyde cellular content in the yeast. To investigate and compare the effects of the prepared selenized C. utilis and other dietary supplements, 40 female rats were divided into five groups of eight rats each, following a randomized block design. Experimental feeding was conducted for a period of 6 weeks. Selenium supplementation with inorganic selenium (sodium selenite) and organic selenium (selenized C. utilis) showed better results than the control and other groups supplemented with yeast with or without glutathione. The body mass of rats, selenium deposition, and oxidative enzymes activities in both serum and liver samples, and immunity responses were all significantly improved by selenium supplementation, and between the two sources, organic selenium was more effective than inorganic selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahui Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Liu W, Wang F, Tan T, Chen B. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis and characterization of polymers by cyclodextrin as support architecture. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 92:633-40. [PMID: 23218346 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diesters and diols were successfully converted into aliphatic polyesters by enzymatic lipase Candida sp.99-125 catalysis, with β-cyclodextrin acting as supporting architecture (in a similar way as chaperone proteins). No organic solvents were used. The polytransesterification was a much greener process, being solvent-free and without metal residues. Lipase Candida sp.99-125 showed a high catalytic activity for bulkpolymerization of diesters and diols with various numbers of methylene groups in their chains. β-Cyclodextrin encircled the linear polymer chain and maintained the chain in a proper configuration to avoid its coagulation. Lipase initiated the polymerization and β-cyclodextrin threaded onto the polymer chain to control the structure for producing high molecular weight polyesters. From a combination of diesters and diols, polyesters with a high molecular weight of 62,100 Da were obtained at 70 °C. The corresponding polyesters showed an excellent thermal stability till 350 °C and had a strong ability to crystallize with up to 72% crystallinity, contributing to their high storage modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- The Biorefinery Research and Engineering Center of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Baccile N, Babonneau F, Jestin J, Pehau-Arnaudet G, Van Bogaert I. Unusual, pH-induced, self-assembly of sophorolipid biosurfactants. ACS Nano 2012; 6:4763-76. [PMID: 22642974 DOI: 10.1021/nn204911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An increasing need exists for simple, bioderived, nontoxic, and up-scalable compounds with stimuli-responsive properties. Acidic sophorolipids (SL) are glucose-based biosurfactants derived from the yeast broth of Candida bombicola (teleomorph: Starmerella bombicola). The specific design of this molecule, a sophorose head with a free end-COOH group at the end of the alkyl chain, makes it a potentially interesting pH-responsive compound. We have specifically investigated this assumption using a combination of small angle neutron scattering (SANS), transmission electron microscopy under cryogenic conditions (Cryo-TEM), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and found a strong dependence of SL self-assembly on the degree of ionization, α, of the COOH group at concentration values as low as 5 and 0.5 wt %. At least three regimes can be identified where the supramolecular behavior of SL is unexpectedly different: (1) at low α values, self-assembly is driven by concentration, C, and micelles are mainly identified as nonionic objects whose curvature decreases (sphere-to-rod) with C; (2) at mid α values, the formation of COO(-) groups introduces negative charges at the micellar surface inducing an increase in curvature (rod-to-sphere transition). Repulsive electrostatic long-range interactions appear at this stage. In both regimes 1 and 2, the cross-section radius of the micelles is below 25 Å. This behavior is concentration independent. (3) At α = 1, individual micelles seem to favor the formation of large netlike tubular aggregates whose size is above 100 nm. Such a complex behavior is very unique as it is generally not observed for common alkyl-based surfactants in concentration ranges below 5-10 wt %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Baccile
- UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7574, Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France.
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Robledo-Leal E, Villarreal-Treviño L, González GM. Occurrence of killer yeasts in isolates of clinical origin. Trop Biomed 2012; 29:297-300. [PMID: 22735852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A total of 1 025 strains belonging to different Candida species of clinical origin were evaluated for their killer activity against sensitive strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Isolates were identified by standard morphological and biochemical analyses. For the evaluation of the killer activity, potential killer isolates were streaked on plates previously seeded with the sensitive strain. A total of 52 Candida isolates (5%) exhibited killer activity against both sensitive yeast strains. The occurrence of the killer phenomenon was proportionally higher in isolates recovered from closed cavities. Candida glabrata was the species with the most occurrences of killer strains, but a bigger proportion of killer activity was observed in Candida utilis. Secretion of killer toxins could represent at least partially, an advantage against other candida and non-Candida strains in the colonization process, especially for uncommon Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Robledo-Leal
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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