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Luo Z, Liu Z, Tan Y, Yang J. Modeling and analysis of a multilayer solid tumour with cell physiological age and resource limitations. J Biol Dyn 2024; 18:2295492. [PMID: 38140711 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2023.2295492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We study an avascular spherical solid tumour model with cell physiological age and resource constraints in vivo. We divide the tumour cells into three components: proliferating cells, quiescent cells and dead cells in necrotic core. We assume that the division rate of proliferating cells is nonlinear due to the nutritional and spatial constraints. The proportion of newborn tumour cells entering directly into quiescent state is considered, since this proportion can respond to the therapeutic effect of drug. We establish a nonlinear age-structured tumour cell population model. We investigate the existence and uniqueness of the model solution and explore the local and global stabilities of the tumour-free steady state. The existence and local stability of the tumour steady state are studied. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical results and to investigate the effects of different parameters on the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghu Luo
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Liu
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanshun Tan
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Chen YL, Jones AN, Crawford A, Sattler M, Ettinger A, Torres-Padilla ME. Determinants of minor satellite RNA function in chromosome segregation in mouse embryonic stem cells. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202309027. [PMID: 38625077 PMCID: PMC11022885 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202309027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The centromere is a fundamental higher-order structure in chromosomes ensuring their faithful segregation upon cell division. Centromeric transcripts have been described in several species and suggested to participate in centromere function. However, low sequence conservation of centromeric repeats appears inconsistent with a role in recruiting highly conserved centromeric proteins. Here, we hypothesized that centromeric transcripts may function through a secondary structure rather than sequence conservation. Using mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we show that an imbalance in the levels of forward or reverse minor satellite (MinSat) transcripts leads to severe chromosome segregation defects. We further show that MinSat RNA adopts a stem-loop secondary structure, which is conserved in human α-satellite transcripts. We identify an RNA binding region in CENPC and demonstrate that MinSat transcripts function through the structured region of the RNA. Importantly, mutants that disrupt MinSat secondary structure do not cause segregation defects. We propose that the conserved role of centromeric transcripts relies on their secondary RNA structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Li Chen
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Munich, München, Germany
| | - Alisha N. Jones
- Institute of Structural Biology, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Amy Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Bioscience, Bavarian NMR Center, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Ettinger
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Munich, München, Germany
| | - Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Munich, München, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
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3
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Zhang X, He L, Li Y, Qiu Y, Hu W, Lu W, Du H, Yang D. Compound 225# inhibits the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells by promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Oncol Rep 2024; 51:70. [PMID: 38577924 PMCID: PMC11017819 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second leading cause of cancer‑related death worldwide due to its aggressive nature. After surgical resection, >50% of patients with CRC require adjuvant therapy. As a result, eradicating cancer cells with medications is a promising method to treat patients with CRC. In the present study, a novel compound was synthesized, which was termed compound 225#. The inhibitory activity of compound 225# against CRC was determined by MTT assay, EdU fluorescence labeling and colony formation assay; the effects of compound 225# on the cell cycle progression and apoptosis of CRC cells were detected by flow cytometry and western blotting; and the changes in autophagic flux after the administration of compound 225# were detected using the double fluorescence fusion protein mCherry‑GFP‑LC3B and western blotting. The results demonstrated that compound 225# exhibited antiproliferative properties, inhibiting the proliferation and expansion of CRC cell lines in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner. Furthermore, compound 225# triggered G2/M cell cycle arrest by influencing the expression of cell cycle regulators, such as CDK1, cyclin A1 and cyclin B1, which is also closely related to the activation of DNA damage pathways. The cleavage of PARP and increased protein expression levels of PUMA suggested that apoptosis was triggered after treatment with compound 225#. Moreover, the increase in LC3‑II expression and stimulation of autophagic flux indicated the activation of an autophagy pathway. Notably, compound 225# induced autophagy, which was associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In accordance with the in vitro findings, the in vivo results demonstrated that compound 225# effectively inhibited the growth of HCT116 tumors in mice without causing any changes in their body weight. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that compound 225# not only inhibited proliferation and promoted G2/M‑phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, but also initiated cytoprotective autophagy in CRC cells by activating ER stress pathways. Taken together, these findings provide an experimental basis for the evaluation of compound 225# as a novel potential medication for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, P.R. China
| | - Liujun He
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Qiu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, P.R. China
| | - Wujing Hu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, P.R. China
| | - Wanying Lu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Du
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, P.R. China
| | - Donglin Yang
- College of Pharmacy (International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation), Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
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Guerrero P, Perez-Carrasco R. Choice of friction coefficient deeply affects tissue behaviour in stochastic epithelial vertex models. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230051. [PMID: 38432320 PMCID: PMC10909505 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
To understand the mechanisms that coordinate the formation of biological tissues, the use of numerical implementations is necessary. The complexity of such models involves many assumptions and parameter choices that result in unpredictable consequences, obstructing the comparison with experimental data. Here, we focus on vertex models, a family of spatial models used extensively to simulate the dynamics of epithelial tissues. Usually, in the literature, the choice of the friction coefficient is not addressed using quasi-static deformation arguments that generally do not apply to realistic scenarios. In this manuscript, we discuss the role that the choice of friction coefficient has on the relaxation times and consequently in the conditions of cell cycle progression and division. We explore the effects that these changes have on the morphology, growth rate and topological transitions of the tissue dynamics. These results provide a deeper understanding of the role that an accurate mechanical description plays in the use of vertex models as inference tools. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes and consequences of stochastic processes in development and disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Guerrero
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos, Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben Perez-Carrasco
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Hashimoto Y, Tokumoto Y, Watanabe T, Ogi Y, Sugishita H, Akita S, Niida K, Hayashi M, Okada M, Shiraishi K, Tange K, Tomida H, Yamamoto Y, Takeshita E, Ikeda Y, Oshikiri T, Hiasa Y. C16, a PKR inhibitor, suppresses cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle via p21 in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9029. [PMID: 38641657 PMCID: PMC11031597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of PKR in CRC remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify whether C16 (a PKR inhibitor) exhibits antitumor effects and to identify its target pathway in CRC. We evaluated the effects of C16 on CRC cell lines using the MTS assay. Enrichment analysis was performed to identify the target pathway of C16. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry. Finally, we used immunohistochemistry to examine human CRC specimens. C16 suppressed the proliferation of CRC cells. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the cell cycle-related GO category was substantially enriched in CRC cells treated with C16. C16 treatment resulted in G1 arrest and increased p21 protein and mRNA expression. Moreover, p21 expression was associated with CRC development as observed using immunohistochemical analysis of human CRC tissues. C16 upregulates p21 expression in CRC cells to regulate cell cycle and suppress tumor growth. Thus, PKR inhibitors may serve as a new treatment option for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tokumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Takao Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ogi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sugishita
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akita
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gastroenterology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kazuki Niida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Mirai Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masaya Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kana Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tange
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hideomi Tomida
- Endoscopy Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yamamoto
- Endoscopy Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Eiji Takeshita
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Endoscopy Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Taro Oshikiri
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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Wang Q, Shen K, Fei B, Wei M, Ge X, Xie Z. Development and validation of a nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival of elderly patients with unresected gastric cancer who received chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9008. [PMID: 38637579 PMCID: PMC11026516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This investigation aimed to explore the prognostic factors in elderly patients with unresected gastric cancer (GC) who have received chemotherapy and to develop a nomogram for predicting their cancer-specific survival (CSS). Elderly gastric cancer patients who have received chemotherapy but no surgery in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database between 2004 and 2015 were included in this study. Cox analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors, leading to the formulation of a nomogram. The nomogram was validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves. The findings elucidated six prognostic factors encompassing grade, histology, M stage, radiotherapy, tumor size, and T stage, culminating in the development of a nomogram. The ROC curve indicated that the area under curve of the nomogram used to predict CSS for 3, 4, and 5 years in the training queue as 0.689, 0.708, and 0.731, and in the validation queue, as 0.666, 0.693, and 0.708. The calibration curve indicated a high degree of consistency between actual and predicted CSS for 3, 4, and 5 years. This nomogram created to predict the CSS of elderly patients with unresected GC who have received chemotherapy could significantly enhance treatment accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kexin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingyuan Fei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengqiang Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinbin Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongshi Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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7
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Lee S, Park YS, Rhee JH, Chu H, Frost JM, Choi Y. Insights into plant regeneration: cellular pathways and DNA methylation dynamics. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:120. [PMID: 38634973 PMCID: PMC11026228 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants, known for their immobility, employ various mechanisms against stress and damage. A prominent feature is the formation of callus tissue-a cellular growth phenomenon that remains insufficiently explored, despite its distinctive cellular plasticity compared to vertebrates. Callus formation involves dedifferentiated cells, with a subset attaining pluripotency. Calluses exhibit an extraordinary capacity to reinitiate cellular division and undergo structural transformations, generating de novo shoots and roots, thereby developing into regenerated plants-a testament to the heightened developmental plasticity inherent in plants. In this way, plant regeneration through clonal propagation is a widely employed technique for vegetative reproduction. Thus, exploration of the biological components involved in regaining pluripotency contributes to the foundation upon which methods of somatic plant propagation can be advanced. This review provides an overview of the cellular pathway involved in callus and subsequent de novo shoot formation from already differentiated plant tissue, highlighting key genes critical to this process. In addition, it explores the intricate realm of epigenetic regulatory processes, emphasizing the nuanced dynamics of DNA methylation that contribute to plant regeneration. Finally, we briefly discuss somaclonal variation, examining its relation to DNA methylation, and investigating the heritability of epigenomic changes in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunga Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojeong Chu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- The Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jennifer M Frost
- Genomics and Child Health, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yeonhee Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Remy O, Santin YG, Jonckheere V, Tesseur C, Kaljević J, Van Damme P, Laloux G. Distinct dynamics and proximity networks of hub proteins at the prey-invading cell pole in a predatory bacterium. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0001424. [PMID: 38470120 PMCID: PMC11025332 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00014-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In bacteria, cell poles function as subcellular compartments where proteins localize during specific lifecycle stages, orchestrated by polar "hub" proteins. Whereas most described bacteria inherit an "old" pole from the mother cell and a "new" pole from cell division, generating cell asymmetry at birth, non-binary division poses challenges for establishing cell polarity, particularly for daughter cells inheriting only new poles. We investigated polarity dynamics in the obligate predatory bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, proliferating through filamentous growth followed by non-binary division within prey bacteria. Monitoring the subcellular localization of two proteins known as polar hubs in other species, RomR and DivIVA, revealed RomR as an early polarity marker in B. bacteriovorus. RomR already marks the future anterior poles of the progeny during the predator's growth phase, during a precise period closely following the onset of divisome assembly and the end of chromosome segregation. In contrast to RomR's stable unipolar localization in the progeny, DivIVA exhibits a dynamic pole-to-pole localization. This behavior changes shortly before the division of the elongated predator cell, where DivIVA accumulates at all septa and both poles. In vivo protein interaction networks for DivIVA and RomR, mapped through endogenous miniTurbo-based proximity labeling, further underscore their distinct roles in cell polarization and reinforce the importance of the anterior "invasive" cell pole in prey-predator interactions. Our work also emphasizes the precise spatiotemporal order of cellular processes underlying B. bacteriovorus proliferation, offering insights into the subcellular organization of bacteria with filamentous growth and non-binary division.IMPORTANCEIn bacteria, cell poles are crucial areas where "hub" proteins orchestrate lifecycle events through interactions with multiple partners at specific times. While most bacteria exhibit one "old" and one "new" pole, inherited from the previous division event, setting polar identity poses challenges in bacteria with non-binary division. This study explores polar proteins in the predatory bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, which undergoes filamentous growth followed by non-binary division inside another bacterium. Our research reveals distinct localization dynamics of the polar proteins RomR and DivIVA, highlighting RomR as an early "hub" marking polar identity in the filamentous mother cell. Using miniTurbo-based proximity labeling, we uncovered their unique protein networks. Overall, our work provides new insights into the cell polarity in non-binary dividing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Remy
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yoann G. Santin
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veronique Jonckheere
- iRIP Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Coralie Tesseur
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jovana Kaljević
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Petra Van Damme
- iRIP Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Laloux
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Lynch J, Troadec E, Fung TK, Gladysz K, Virely C, Lau PNI, Cheung N, Zeisig B, Wong JWH, Lopes M, Huang S, So CWE. Hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and DNA replication dynamics maintained by the resilient β-catenin/Hoxa9/Prmt1 axis. Blood 2024; 143:1586-1598. [PMID: 38211335 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Maintenance of quiescence and DNA replication dynamics are 2 paradoxical requirements for the distinct states of dormant and active hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are required to preserve the stem cell reservoir and replenish the blood cell system in response to hematopoietic stress, respectively. Here, we show that key self-renewal factors, β-catenin or Hoxa9, largely dispensable for HSC integrity, in fact, have dual functions in maintaining quiescence and enabling efficient DNA replication fork dynamics to preserve the functionality of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Although β-catenin or Hoxa9 single knockout (KO) exhibited mostly normal hematopoiesis, their coinactivation led to severe hematopoietic defects stemmed from aberrant cell cycle, DNA replication, and damage in HSPCs. Mechanistically, β-catenin and Hoxa9 function in a compensatory manner to sustain key transcriptional programs that converge on the pivotal downstream target and epigenetic modifying enzyme, Prmt1, which protects the quiescent state and ensures an adequate supply of DNA replication and repair factors to maintain robust replication fork dynamics. Inactivation of Prmt1 phenocopied both cellular and molecular phenotypes of β-catenin/Hoxa9 combined KO, which at the same time could also be partially rescued by Prmt1 expression. The discovery of the highly resilient β-catenin/Hoxa9/Prmt1 axis in protecting both quiescence and DNA replication dynamics essential for HSCs at different key states provides not only novel mechanistic insights into their intricate regulation but also a potential tractable target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lynch
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Estelle Troadec
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tsz Kan Fung
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kornelia Gladysz
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clemence Virely
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priscilla Nga Ieng Lau
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ngai Cheung
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd Zeisig
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason W H Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suming Huang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Leukaemia and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Herdman M, Isbilir B, von Kügelgen A, Schulze U, Wainman A, Bharat TAM. Cell cycle dependent coordination of surface layer biogenesis in Caulobacter crescentus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3355. [PMID: 38637514 PMCID: PMC11026435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface layers (S-layers) are proteinaceous, two-dimensional paracrystalline arrays that constitute a major component of the cell envelope in many prokaryotic species. In this study, we investigated S-layer biogenesis in the bacterial model organism Caulobacter crescentus. Fluorescence microscopy revealed localised incorporation of new S-layer at the poles and mid-cell, consistent with regions of cell growth in the cell cycle. Light microscopy and electron cryotomography investigations of drug-treated bacteria revealed that localised S-layer insertion is retained when cell division is inhibited, but is disrupted upon dysregulation of MreB or lipopolysaccharide. We further uncovered that S-layer biogenesis follows new peptidoglycan synthesis and localises to regions of high cell wall turnover. Finally, correlated cryo-light microscopy and electron cryotomographic analysis of regions of S-layer insertion showed the presence of discontinuities in the hexagonal S-layer lattice, contrasting with other S-layers completed by defined symmetric defects. Our findings present insights into how C. crescentus cells form an ordered S-layer on their surface in coordination with the biogenesis of other cell envelope components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Herdman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Buse Isbilir
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Andriko von Kügelgen
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ulrike Schulze
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Alan Wainman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Tanmay A M Bharat
- Structural Studies Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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11
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Pradeep S, Zangle TA. LVING reveals the intracellular structure of cell growth. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8544. [PMID: 38609444 PMCID: PMC11014851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The continuous balance of growth and degradation inside cells maintains homeostasis. Disturbance of this balance by internal or external factors cause state of disease, while effective disease treatments seek to restore this balance. Here, we present a method based on quantitative phase imaging (QPI) based measurements of cell mass and the velocity of mass transport to quantify the balance of growth and degradation within intracellular control volumes. The result, which we call Lagrangian velocimetry for intracellular net growth (LVING), provides high resolution maps of intracellular biomass production and degradation. We use LVING to quantify the growth in different regions of the cell during phases of the cell cycle. LVING can also be used to quantitatively compare the effect of range of chemotherapy drug doses on subcellular growth processes. Finally, we applied LVING to characterize the effect of autophagy on the growth machinery inside cells. Overall, LVING reveals both the structure and distribution of basal growth within cells, as well as the disruptions to this structure that occur during alterations in cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soorya Pradeep
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thomas A Zangle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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12
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Yao J, Dai S, Zhu R, Tan J, Zhao Q, Yin Y, Sun J, Du X, Ge L, Xu J, Hou C, Li N, Li J, Ji W, Zhu C, Zhang R, Li T. Deciphering molecular heterogeneity and dynamics of human hippocampal neural stem cells at different ages and injury states. eLife 2024; 12:RP89507. [PMID: 38607670 PMCID: PMC11014727 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
While accumulated publications support the existence of neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus, the homeostasis and developmental potentials of neural stem cells (NSCs) under different contexts remain unclear. Based on our generated single-nucleus atlas of the human hippocampus across neonatal, adult, aging, and injury, we dissected the molecular heterogeneity and transcriptional dynamics of human hippocampal NSCs under different contexts. We further identified new specific neurogenic lineage markers that overcome the lack of specificity found in some well-known markers. Based on developmental trajectory and molecular signatures, we found that a subset of NSCs exhibit quiescent properties after birth, and most NSCs become deep quiescence during aging. Furthermore, certain deep quiescent NSCs are reactivated following stroke injury. Together, our findings provide valuable insights into the development, aging, and reactivation of the human hippocampal NSCs, and help to explain why adult hippocampal neurogenesis is infrequently observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Shaoxing Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Ran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Ju Tan
- Department of Anatomy, National and Regional Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Yu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Jiansen Sun
- Zhong-Zhi- Yi-Gu Research InstituteChongqingChina
| | - Xuewei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Longjiao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Anatomy, National and Regional Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chunli Hou
- Department of Anatomy, National and Regional Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Jun Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Chuhong Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, National and Regional Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering of Chongqing, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Runrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
| | - Tianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical ResearchKunmingChina
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13
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Zhao W, Mo M, Yu J, Cheng S, Long G, Luo Z, Liang W, Yan C, Luo H, Sun B. A novel α,β-unsaturated ketone inhibits leukemia cell growth as PARP1 inhibitor. Med Oncol 2024; 41:113. [PMID: 38602586 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Leukemia is a malignant disease of the hematopoietic system, in which clonal leukemia cells accumulate and inhibit normal hematopoiesis in the bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues as a result of uncontrolled proliferation and impaired apoptosis, among other mechanisms. In this study, the anti-leukemic effect of a compound (SGP-17-S) extracted from Chloranthus multistachys, a plant with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-tumor effects, was evaluated. The effect of SGP-17-S on the viability of leukemic cell was demonstrated by MTT assay, cell cycle, and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry using PI staining and Annexin V/PI double staining. Combinations of network pharmacology and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) with western blot were used to validate agents that act on leukemia targets. The results showed that SGP-17-S inhibited the growth of leukemia cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. SGP-17-S blocked HEL cells in the G2 phase, induced apoptosis, decreased Bcl-2 and caspase-8 protein expression, and increased Bax and caspase-3 expression. In addition, CETSA revealed that PARP1 is an important target gene for the inhibition of HEL cell growth, and SGP-17-S exerted its action on leukemia cells by targeting PARP1. Therefore, this study might provide new solutions and ideas for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Min Mo
- Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Sha Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Guiping Long
- GuiZhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Zhiqiong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, An Shun City People's Hospital, Anshun, 561000, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, An Shun City People's Hospital, Anshun, 561000, China.
| | - Heng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550014, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Natural Drugs, Guiyang, 550014, China.
| | - Baofei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou Province, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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14
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Liu Y, Han T, Xu Z, Wu J, Zhou J, Guo J, Miao R, Xing Y, Ge D, Bai Y, Hu D. CDC45 promotes the stemness and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma by affecting the cell cycle. J Transl Med 2024; 22:335. [PMID: 38589907 PMCID: PMC11000299 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the functions of cell division cycle protein 45 (CDC45) in Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cancer and its effects on stemness and metastasis. METHODS Firstly, differentially expressed genes related to lung cancer metastasis and stemness were screened by differential analysis and lasso regression. Then, in vitro, experiments such as colony formation assay, scratch assay, and transwell assay were conducted to evaluate the impact of CDC45 knockdown on the proliferation and migration abilities of lung cancer cells. Western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of related proteins and investigate the regulation of CDC45 on the cell cycle. Finally, in vivo model with subcutaneous injection of lung cancer cells was performed to verify the effect of CDC45 on tumor growth. RESULTS This study identified CDC45 as a key gene potentially influencing tumor stemness and lymph node metastasis. Knockdown of CDC45 not only suppressed the proliferation and migration abilities of lung cancer cells but also caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Further analysis revealed a negative correlation between CDC45 and cell cycle-related proteins, stemness-related markers, and tumor mutations. Mouse experiments confirmed that CDC45 knockdown inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSION As a novel regulator of stemness, CDC45 plays a role in regulating lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle. Therefore, CDC45 may serve as a potential target for lung cancer treatment and provide a reference for further mechanistic research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Liu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Han
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Xu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Joint Research Center for Occupational Medicine and Health of IHM, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Guo
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Miao
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingru Xing
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Zhongke Gengjiu Hospital, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyong Ge
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Bai
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Hu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Chongren Building, No 168, Taifeng St, Huainan, 232001, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Safety and Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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He X, Gao X, Xie W. Research Progress in Skin Aging and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4101. [PMID: 38612909 PMCID: PMC11012511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a complex process involving structural and functional changes and is characterized by a decrease in collagen content, reduced skin thickness, dryness, and the formation of wrinkles. This process is underpinned by multiple mechanisms including the free radical theory, inflammation theory, photoaging theory, and metabolic theory. The skin immune system, an indispensable part of the body's defense mechanism, comprises macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and mast cells. These cells play a pivotal role in maintaining skin homeostasis and responding to injury or infection. As age advances, along with various internal and external environmental stimuli, skin immune cells may undergo senescence or accelerated aging, characterized by reduced cell division capability, increased mortality, changes in gene expression patterns and signaling pathways, and altered immune cell functions. These changes collectively impact the overall function of the immune system. This review summarizes the relationship between skin aging and immunity and explores the characteristics of skin aging, the composition and function of the skin immune system, the aging of immune cells, and the effects of these cells on immune function and skin aging. Immune dysfunction plays a significant role in skin aging, suggesting that immunoregulation may become one of the important strategies for the prevention and treatment of skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.H.); (X.G.)
- Open FIESTA Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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16
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Fabijan A, Polis B, Zawadzka-Fabijan A, Korabiewska I, Zakrzewski K, Nowosławska E, Chojnacki M. Domains in Action: Understanding Ddi1's Diverse Functions in the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4080. [PMID: 38612889 PMCID: PMC11012796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a pivotal cellular mechanism responsible for the selective degradation of proteins, playing an essential role in proteostasis, protein quality control, and regulating various cellular processes, with ubiquitin marking proteins for degradation through a complex, multi-stage process. The shuttle proteins family is a very unique group of proteins that plays an important role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Ddi1, Dsk2, and Rad23 are shuttle factors that bind ubiquitinated substrates and deliver them to the 26S proteasome. Besides mediating the delivery of ubiquitinated proteins, they are also involved in many other biological processes. Ddi1, the least-studied shuttle protein, exhibits unique physicochemical properties that allow it to play non-canonical functions in the cells. It regulates cell cycle progression and response to proteasome inhibition and defines MAT type of yeast cells. The Ddi1 contains UBL and UBA domains, which are crucial for binding to proteasome receptors and ubiquitin respectively, but also an additional domain called RVP. Additionally, much evidence has been provided to question whether Ddi1 is a classical shuttle protein. For many years, the true nature of this protein remained unclear. Here, we highlight the recent discoveries, which shed new light on the structure and biological functions of the Ddi1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Fabijan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish-Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (B.P.); (K.Z.); (E.N.)
| | - Bartosz Polis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish-Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (B.P.); (K.Z.); (E.N.)
| | - Agnieszka Zawadzka-Fabijan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Izabela Korabiewska
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Zakrzewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish-Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (B.P.); (K.Z.); (E.N.)
| | - Emilia Nowosławska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish-Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (B.P.); (K.Z.); (E.N.)
| | - Michał Chojnacki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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17
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Roshanmehr F, Abdoli S, Bazi Z, Jari M, Shahbazi M. Enhancing the productivity and proliferation of CHO-K1 cells by oncoprotein YAP (Yes-associated protein). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:285. [PMID: 38573360 PMCID: PMC10994876 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
CHO cells are extensively employed in biological drug industry to manufacture therapeutic proteins. Nevertheless, production of biopharmaceuticals faces obstacles such as limited growth and inadequate productivity. Employing host cell engineering techniques for CHO cells serves as a valuable approach to address the constraints encountered in biologics manufacturing. Despite advancements, most techniques focus on specific genes to address individual cellular challenges. The significance of YAP, transcriptional co-activator, cannot be overstated due to its involvement in regulating organ size and tumor formation. YAP's influence extends to various cellular processes and is regulated by kinase cascade in the Hippo pathway, which phosphorylates serine residues in specific LATS recognition motifs. Activation of YAP has been observed to impact both the size and quantity of cells. This research investigates the effects of YAP5SA on proliferation, apoptosis, and productivity in CHO-K1 cells. YAP5SA, with mutations in all five LATS-target sites, is selected for its heightened activity and resistance to repression through the Hippo-LATS1/2 kinase signaling pathway. Plasmid harboring YAP5SA was transfected into EPO-CHO and the influence of YAP5SA overexpression was investigated. According to our findings, transfection of EPO-CHO cells with YAP5SA exhibited a substantial enhancement in CHO cell productivity, resulting in a 3-fold increase in total protein and EPO, as well as a 1.5-fold increase in specific productivity. Additionally, it significantly contributes in augmenting viability, size, and proliferation. Overall, the findings of this study exemplify the potential of utilizing YAP5SA to impact particular cellular mechanisms, thereby presenting an avenue for customizing cells to fulfill production demands. KEY POINTS: • YAP5SA in CHO cells boosts growth, reduces apoptosis, and significantly improves productivity. • YAP5SA regulates genes involved in proliferation, survival, and mTOR activation. • YAP5SA increases productivity by improving cell cycle, c-MYC expression, and mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Roshanmehr
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shahriyar Abdoli
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Bazi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Jari
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Majid Shahbazi
- Medical Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- Arya Tina Gene (ATG), Biopharmaceutical Company, Gorgan, Iran.
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18
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Galanti L, Peritore M, Gnügge R, Cannavo E, Heipke J, Palumbieri MD, Steigenberger B, Symington LS, Cejka P, Pfander B. Dbf4-dependent kinase promotes cell cycle controlled resection of DNA double-strand breaks and repair by homologous recombination. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2890. [PMID: 38570537 PMCID: PMC10991553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can be repaired by several pathways. In eukaryotes, DSB repair pathway choice occurs at the level of DNA end resection and is controlled by the cell cycle. Upon cell cycle-dependent activation, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) phosphorylate resection proteins and thereby stimulate end resection and repair by homologous recombination (HR). However, inability of CDK phospho-mimetic mutants to bypass this cell cycle regulation, suggests that additional cell cycle regulators may be important. Here, we identify Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) as a second major cell cycle regulator of DNA end resection. Using inducible genetic and chemical inhibition of DDK in budding yeast and human cells, we show that end resection and HR require activation by DDK. Mechanistically, DDK phosphorylates at least two resection nucleases in budding yeast: the Mre11 activator Sae2, which promotes resection initiation, as well as the Dna2 nuclease, which promotes resection elongation. Notably, synthetic activation of DDK allows limited resection and HR in G1 cells, suggesting that DDK is a key component of DSB repair pathway selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galanti
- Cell Biology, Dortmund Life Science Center (DOLCE), TU Dortmund University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Dortmund, Germany
- Research Group DNA Replication and Genome Integrity, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Genome Maintenance Mechanisms in Health and Disease, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, CECAD Research Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Peritore
- Research Group DNA Replication and Genome Integrity, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Genome Maintenance Mechanisms in Health and Disease, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, CECAD Research Center, Cologne, Germany
- DSB Repair Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Robert Gnügge
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elda Cannavo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Heipke
- Cell Biology, Dortmund Life Science Center (DOLCE), TU Dortmund University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Dortmund, Germany
- Research Group DNA Replication and Genome Integrity, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, CECAD Research Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Dilia Palumbieri
- Genome Maintenance Mechanisms in Health and Disease, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, CECAD Research Center, Cologne, Germany
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-Ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Steigenberger
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lorraine S Symington
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Boris Pfander
- Cell Biology, Dortmund Life Science Center (DOLCE), TU Dortmund University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Dortmund, Germany.
- Research Group DNA Replication and Genome Integrity, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
- Genome Maintenance Mechanisms in Health and Disease, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany.
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, CECAD Research Center, Cologne, Germany.
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19
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Zhang D, Wu W, Zhang W, Feng Q, Zhang Q, Liang H. Nuclear deformation and cell division of single cell on elongated micropatterned substrates fabricated by DMD lithography. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035001. [PMID: 38471164 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cells sense mechanical signals from the surrounding environment and transmit them to the nucleus through mechanotransduction to regulate cellular behavior. Microcontact printing, which utilizes elastomer stamps, is an effective method for simulating the cellular microenvironment and manipulating cell morphology. However, the conventional fabrication process of silicon masters and elastomer stamps requires complex procedures and specialized equipment, which restricts the widespread application of micropatterning in cell biology and hinders the investigation of the role of cell geometry in regulating cell behavior. In this study, we present an innovative method for convenient resin stamp microfabrication based on digital micromirror device planar lithography. Using this method, we generated a series of patterns ranging from millimeter to micrometer scales and validated their effectiveness in controlling adhesion at both collective and individual cell levels. Additionally, we investigated mechanotransduction and cell behavior on elongated micropatterned substrates. We then examined the effects of cell elongation on cytoskeleton organization, nuclear deformation, focal adhesion formation, traction force generation, nuclear mechanics, and the growth of HeLa cells. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between cell length and mechanotransduction. Interestingly, HeLa cells with moderate length exhibit the highest cell division and proliferation rates. These results highlight the regulatory role of cell elongation in mechanotransduction and its significant impact on cancer cell growth. Furthermore, our methodology for controlling cell adhesion holds the potential for addressing fundamental questions in both cell biology and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Feng
- Cancer Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyi Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, People's Republic of China
- School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
- IAT-Chungu Joint Laboratory for Additive Manufacturing, Anhui Chungu 3D Printing Institute of Intelligent Equipment and Industrial Technology, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
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20
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Cao L, Wang G, Ye X, Li F, Wang S, Li H, Wang P, Wang J. Physiological, Metabolic, and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Mechanisms of Proliferation and Somatic Embryogenesis of Litchi ( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Embryogenic Callus Promoted by D-Arginine Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3965. [PMID: 38612774 PMCID: PMC11012067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
D-arginine (D-Arg) can promote embryogenic callus (EC) proliferation and increase the rate of somatic embryo induction of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), yet the mechanism underlying the processes is incompletely understood. To investigate the mechanism, physiological responses of polyamines (PAs) [putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm)] were investigated for D-Arg-treated litchi EC and enzyme activity related to polyamine metabolism, plant endogenous hormones, and polyamine- and embryogenic-related genes were explored. Results showed that the exogenous addition of D-Arg reduces the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) in EC, reduces the production of H2O2, promotes EC proliferation, and increases the (Spd + Spm)/Put ratio to promote somatic embryo induction. Exogenous D-Arg application promoted somatic embryogenesis (SE) by increasing indole-3-acetyl glycine (IAA-Gly), kinetin-9-glucoside (K9G), and dihydrozeatin-7-glucoside (DHZ7G) levels and decreasing trans-zeatin riboside (tZR), N-[(-)-jasmonoyl]-(L)-valine (JA-Val), jasmonic acid (JA), and jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (Ja-ILE) levels on 18 d, as well as promoting cell division and differentiation. The application of exogenous D-Arg regulated EC proliferation and somatic embryo induction by altering gene expression levels of the WRKY family, AP2/ERF family, C3H family, and C2H2 family. These results indicate that exogenous D-Arg could regulate the proliferation of EC and the SE induction of litchi by changing the biosynthesis of PAs through the alteration of gene expression pattern and endogenous hormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Cao
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Guo Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiuxu Ye
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Fang Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Shujun Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Huanling Li
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
| | - Jiabao Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (G.W.); (F.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China;
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21
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Brynzak-Schreiber E, Schögl E, Bapp C, Cseh K, Kopatz V, Jakupec MA, Weber A, Lange T, Toca-Herrera JL, Del Favero G, Wadsak W, Kenner L, Pichler V. Microplastics role in cell migration and distribution during cancer cell division. Chemosphere 2024; 353:141463. [PMID: 38423146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Amidst the global plastic pollution crisis, the gastrointestinal tract serves as the primary entry point for daily exposure to micro- and nanoplastics. We investigated the complex dynamics between polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics (PS-MNPs) and four distinct human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29, HCT116, SW480, and SW620). Our findings revealed a significant size- and concentration dependent uptake of 0.25, 1, and 10 μm PS-MNPs across all cell lines, with HCT116 cells exhibiting the highest uptake rates. During cell division, particles were distributed between mother and daughter cells. Interestingly, we observed no signs of elimination from the cells. Short-term exposure to 0.25 μm particles significantly amplified cell migration, potentially leading to pro-metastatic effects. Particles demonstrated high persistence in 2D and 3D cultures, and accumulation in non-proliferating parts of spheroids, without interfering with cell proliferation or division. Our study unveils the disturbing fact of the persistence and bioaccumulation of MNPs in colorectal cancer cell lines, key toxicological traits under REACH (Regulation concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals). Our observations underscore the potential of MNPs as hidden catalysts for tumor progression, particularly through enhancing cell migration and possibly fueling metastasis - a finding that sheds light on a significant and previously underexplored area of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Brynzak-Schreiber
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Schögl
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Bionanosciences, Institute of Biophysics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolin Bapp
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Kopatz
- Medical University of Vienna, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Styria, Austria; Department for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weber
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Bionanosciences, Institute of Biophysics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Anatomy I, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), Germany
| | - José L Toca-Herrera
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Bionanosciences, Institute of Biophysics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Styria, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Medical University of Vienna, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Styria, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Verena Pichler
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Styria, Austria.
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22
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Pinto SC, Stojilković B, Zhang X, Sablowski R. Plant cell size: Links to cell cycle, differentiation and ploidy. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2024; 78:102527. [PMID: 38484440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell size affects many processes, including exchange of nutrients and external signals, cell division and tissue mechanics. Across eukaryotes, cells have evolved mechanisms that assess their own size to inform processes such as cell cycle progression or gene expression. Here, we review recent progress in understanding plant cell size regulation and its implications, relating these findings to work in other eukaryotes. Highlights include use of DNA contents as reference point to control the cell cycle in shoot meristems, a size-dependent cell fate decision during stomatal development and insights into the interconnection between ploidy, cell size and cell wall mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Pinto
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Xinyu Zhang
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
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23
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Glavy JS. The yin and yang of nuclear envelope breakdown through the activity of phosphatase holoenzyme PP2A-B55 SUR-6. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:272-273. [PMID: 38302392 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Cell division is a highly regulated and guardedly orchestrated process including nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). A recent study from Kapoor, Adhikary, and Kotak identifies the symphonic role of a phosphatase holoenzyme in NEBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Glavy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fisch College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA.
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24
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Oncel B, Hasdemir U, Aksu B, Pournaras S. Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli: significant contribution of an RND type efflux pump in erythromycin resistance. J Chemother 2024; 36:110-118. [PMID: 37830134 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2267895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance status of Campylobacter spp. isolated from human infections in our region, including the role of mechanisms involved in erythromycin resistance. Standard methods were used for the isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. isolates. Erythromycin-resistant mutants were selected from erythromycin-susceptible clinical isolates, and the erythromycin resistance mechanisms were investigated phenotypically by determining the erythromycin MICs of isolates in the presence and absence of the resistance nodulation cell division (RND) type efflux pump inhibitor, phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide dihydrochloride (PAβN), and genotypically by determining ribosomal and cmeABC alterations using PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Campylobacter spp., including 184 C. jejuni and 20 C. coli in a two-year period, were the most frequently isolated gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens in our region. However, in both C. jejuni and C. coli, resistance to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were found to be high, erythromycin resistance was especially high (20%) in C. coli. With a ribosomal alteration, A2075G, which was found to be associated with high-level erythromycin resistance in clinical isolates, PAβN significantly reduced the erythromycin MICs in both clinical isolates and mutants. An important finding of this study, while considering cmeABC operon, is the explanation of why erythromycin resistance is more common among C. coli than C. jejuni, bearing in mind the specific deletions and alterations in the intergenic region of the operon in all erythromycin-resistant C. coli isolates. Ultimately, these findings revealed the significant role of RND-type efflux activity in increased erythromycin MICs of the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Oncel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Hasdemir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Aksu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Spyros Pournaras
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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25
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Mahey N, Tambat R, Kalia R, Ingavale R, Kodesia A, Chandal N, Kapoor S, Verma DK, Thakur KG, Jachak S, Nandanwar H. Pyrrole-based inhibitors of RND-type efflux pumps reverse antibiotic resistance and display anti-virulence potential. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012121. [PMID: 38593161 PMCID: PMC11003683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily, particularly the AcrAB-TolC, and MexAB-OprM, besides mediating intrinsic and acquired resistance, also intervene in bacterial pathogenicity. Inhibitors of such pumps could restore the activities of antibiotics and curb bacterial virulence. Here, we identify pyrrole-based compounds that boost antibiotic activity in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by inhibiting their archetype RND transporters. Molecular docking and biophysical studies revealed that the EPIs bind to AcrB. The identified efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) inhibit the efflux of fluorescent probes, attenuate persister formation, extend post-antibiotic effect, and diminish resistant mutant development. The bacterial membranes remained intact upon exposure to the EPIs. EPIs also possess an anti-pathogenic potential and attenuate P. aeruginosa virulence in vivo. The intracellular invasion of E. coli and P. aeruginosa inside the macrophages was hampered upon treatment with the lead EPI. The excellent efficacy of the EPI-antibiotic combination was evidenced in animal lung infection and sepsis protection models. These findings indicate that EPIs discovered herein with negligible toxicity are potential antibiotic adjuvants to address life-threatening Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mahey
- Clinical Microbiology & Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rushikesh Tambat
- Clinical Microbiology & Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritu Kalia
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India
| | - Rajnita Ingavale
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India
| | - Akriti Kodesia
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Structural Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nishtha Chandal
- Clinical Microbiology & Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srajan Kapoor
- Structural Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dipesh Kumar Verma
- Structural Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Krishan Gopal Thakur
- Structural Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Jachak
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India
| | - Hemraj Nandanwar
- Clinical Microbiology & Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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26
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Tsutsumi E, Tokumoto T. Real-Time Observation of Germinal Vesicle Migration During Oocyte Meiotic Cell Division Using Ovarian Fluorescent Transgenic Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2024; 21:171-176. [PMID: 38621215 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The transgenic (TG) zebrafish allows researchers to bio-image specific biological phenomena in cells and tissues in vivo. We established TG lines to monitor changes in the ovaries of live fish. The original TG line with ovarian fluorescence was occasionally established. Although the cDNA integrated into the line was constructed for the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) driven by the medaka β-actin promoter, the expression of EGFP is restricted to the oocytes and gills in adult fish. Furthermore, we found that germinal vesicles (GVs) in oocytes of the established line can be observed by relatively strong fluorescence around the GV. In this study, we tried to capture the dynamic processes of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) during meiotic cell division using the GV fluorescent oocytes. As a result, GV migration and GVBD could be monitored in real time. We also succeeded in observing actin filaments involved in the migration of GV to the animal pole. This strain can be used for education in the process of oocyte meiotic cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisei Tsutsumi
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Tokumoto
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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27
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Sanidas I, Lawrence MS, Dyson NJ. Patterns in the tapestry of chromatin-bound RB. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:288-298. [PMID: 37648594 PMCID: PMC10899529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma protein (RB)-mediated regulation of E2F is a component of a highly conserved cell cycle machine. However, RB's tumor suppressor activity, like RB's requirement in animal development, is tissue-specific, context-specific, and sometimes appears uncoupled from cell proliferation. Detailed new information about RB's genomic distribution provides a new perspective on the complexity of RB function, suggesting that some of its functional specificity results from context-specific RB association with chromatin. Here we summarize recent evidence showing that RB targets different types of chromatin regulatory elements at different cell cycle stages. RB controls traditional RB/E2F targets prior to S-phase, but, when cells proliferate, RB redistributes to cell type-specific chromatin loci. We discuss the broad implications of the new data for RB research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Sanidas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicholas J Dyson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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28
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Feng Z, Yin J, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Huang L, Tang N, Wang K. O-GlcNAcylation of E3 ubiquitin ligase SKP2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation. Oncogene 2024; 43:1149-1159. [PMID: 38396292 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) and ubiquitination are critical posttranslational modifications that regulate tumor development and progression. The continuous progression of the cell cycle is the fundamental cause of tumor proliferation. S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), an important E3 ubiquitin ligase, assumes a pivotal function in the regulation of the cell cycle. However, it is still unclear whether SKP2 is an effector of O-GlcNAcylation that affects tumor progression. In this study, we found that SKP2 interacted with O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and was highly O-GlcNAcylated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, the O-GlcNAcylation at Ser34 stabilized SKP2 by reducing its ubiquitination and degradation mediated by APC-CDH1. Moreover, the O-GlcNAcylation of SKP2 enhanced its binding ability with SKP1, thereby enhancing its ubiquitin ligase function. Consequently, SKP2 facilitated the transition from the G1-S phase of the cell cycle by promoting the ubiquitin degradation of cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 and p21. Additionally, targeting the O-GlcNAcylation of SKP2 significantly suppressed the proliferation of HCC. Altogether, our findings reveal that O-GlcNAcylation, a novel posttranslational modification of SKP2, plays a crucial role in promoting HCC proliferation, and targeting the O-GlcNAcylation of SKP2 may become a new therapeutic strategy to impede the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Luyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Gupta D, Kumar M, Saifi S, Rawat S, Ethayathulla AS, Kaur P. A comprehensive review on role of Aurora kinase inhibitors (AKIs) in cancer therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130913. [PMID: 38508544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Aurora kinases (AURKs) are a family of serine /threonine protein kinases that have a crucial role in cell cycle process mainly in the event of chromosomal segregation, centrosome maturation and cytokinesis. The family consists of three members including Aurora kinase A (AURK-A), Aurora kinase B (AURK-B) and Aurora kinase C (AURK-C). All AURKs contain a conserved kinase domain for their activity but differ in their cellular localization and functions. AURK-A and AURK-B are expressed mainly in somatic cells while the expression of AURK-C is limited to germ cells. AURK-A promotes G2 to M transition of cell cycle by controlling centrosome maturation and mitotic spindle assembly. AURK-B and AURK-C form the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) that ensures proper chromosomal alignments and segregation. Aberrant expression of AURK-A and AURK-B has been detected in several solid tumours and malignancies. Hence, they have become an attractive therapeutic target against cancer. The first part of this review focuses on AURKs structure, functions, subcellular localization, and their role in tumorigenesis. The review also highlights the functional and clinical impact of selective as well as pan kinase inhibitors. Currently, >60 compounds that target AURKs are in preclinical and clinical studies. The drawbacks of existing inhibitors like selectivity, drug resistance and toxicity have also been addressed. Since, majority of inhibitors are Aurora kinase inhibitor (AKI) type-1 that bind to the active (DFGin and Cin) conformation of the kinase, this information may be utilized to design highly selective kinase inhibitors that can be combined with other therapeutic agents for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Gupta
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sana Saifi
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shivani Rawat
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - A S Ethayathulla
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India.
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Glazebrook K, Nanayakkara T, Schreiber C, Lagos C, Kawinwanichakij L, Jacobs C, Chittenden H, Brammer G, Kacprzak GG, Labbe I, Marchesini D, Marsan ZC, Oesch PA, Papovich C, Remus RS, Tran KVH, Esdaile J, Chandro-Gomez A. A massive galaxy that formed its stars at z ≈ 11. Nature 2024; 628:277-281. [PMID: 38354832 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The formation of galaxies by gradual hierarchical co-assembly of baryons and cold dark matter halos is a fundamental paradigm underpinning modern astrophysics1,2 and predicts a strong decline in the number of massive galaxies at early cosmic times3-5. Extremely massive quiescent galaxies (stellar masses of more than 1011 M⊙) have now been observed as early as 1-2 billion years after the Big Bang6-13. These galaxies are extremely constraining on theoretical models, as they had formed 300-500 Myr earlier, and only some models can form massive galaxies this early12,14. Here we report on the spectroscopic observations with the JWST of a massive quiescent galaxy ZF-UDS-7329 at redshift 3.205 ± 0.005. It has eluded deep ground-based spectroscopy8, it is significantly redder than is typical and its spectrum reveals features typical of much older stellar populations. Detailed modelling shows that its stellar population formed around 1.5 billion years earlier in time (z ≈ 11) at an epoch when dark matter halos of sufficient hosting mass had not yet assembled in the standard scenario4,5. This observation may indicate the presence of undetected populations of early galaxies and the possibility of significant gaps in our understanding of early stellar populations, galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Glazebrook
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Themiya Nanayakkara
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Claudia Lagos
- Cosmic DAWN Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- ARC Centre for Excellence in All-Sky Astrophysics in 3D, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lalitwadee Kawinwanichakij
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin Jacobs
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry Chittenden
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriel Brammer
- Cosmic DAWN Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Glenn G Kacprzak
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ivo Labbe
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danilo Marchesini
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Z Cemile Marsan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pascal A Oesch
- Cosmic DAWN Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Casey Papovich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rhea-Silvia Remus
- Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kim-Vy H Tran
- ARC Centre for Excellence in All-Sky Astrophysics in 3D, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Esdaile
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angel Chandro-Gomez
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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31
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Reimann M, Lee S, Schmitt CA. Cellular senescence: Neither irreversible nor reversible. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232136. [PMID: 38385946 PMCID: PMC10883852 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a critical stress response program implicated in embryonic development, wound healing, aging, and immunity, and it backs up apoptosis as an ultimate cell-cycle exit mechanism. In analogy to replicative exhaustion of telomere-eroded cells, premature types of senescence-referring to oncogene-, therapy-, or virus-induced senescence-are widely considered irreversible growth arrest states as well. We discuss here that entry into full-featured senescence is not necessarily a permanent endpoint, but dependent on essential maintenance components, potentially transient. Unlike a binary state switch, we view senescence with its extensive epigenomic reorganization, profound cytomorphological remodeling, and distinctive metabolic rewiring rather as a journey toward a full-featured arrest condition of variable strength and depth. Senescence-underlying maintenance-essential molecular mechanisms may allow cell-cycle reentry if not continuously provided. Importantly, senescent cells that resumed proliferation fundamentally differ from those that never entered senescence, and hence would not reflect a reversion but a dynamic progression to a post-senescent state that comes with distinct functional and clinically relevant ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Reimann
- Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum-MKFZ, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum-MKFZ, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Johannes Kepler University , Linz, Austria
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum-MKFZ, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Johannes Kepler University , Linz, Austria
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association , Berlin, Germany
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Teng CLJ, Cheng PT, Cheng YC, Tsai JR, Chen MC, Lin H. Dinaciclib inhibits the growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells through either cell cycle-related or ERK1/STAT3/MYC pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105768. [PMID: 38135130 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Although immature differentiation and uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells are thought to be the primary mechanisms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the pathophysiology in most cases remains unclear. Dinaciclib, a selective small molecule targeting multiple cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), is currently being evaluated in oncological clinical trials. Despite the proven anticancer potential of dinaciclib, the differential molecular mechanisms by which it inhibits the growth of different AML cell lines remain unclear. In the current study, we treated HL-60 and KG-1 AML cell lines with dinaciclib and investigated the potential mechanisms of dinaciclib-induced AML cell growth inhibition using flow cytometry and western blotting assays. Data from HL-60 and KG-1 AML cells were validated using human primary AML cells. The results showed that the growth inhibitory effect of dinaciclib was more sensitive in HL-60 cells (IC50: 8.46 nM) than in KG-1 cells (IC50: 14.37 nM). The protein decline in Cyclin A/B and CDK1 and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase were more profound in HL-60 cells, corresponding to its growth inhibition. Although the growth inhibition of KG-1 cells by dinaciclib was still pronounced, the cell cycle-associated proteins were relatively insensitive. In addition to cell cycle regulation, the activation/expression of ERK1/STAT3/MYC signaling was significantly reduced by dinaciclib in KG-1 cells compared with that in HL-60 cells. Regarding the results of primary AML cells, we observed ERK1/STAT3/MYC inhibition and cell cycle regulation in different patients. These findings suggest that the cell cycle-associated and ERK1/STAT3/MYC signaling pathways might be two distinct mechanisms by which dinaciclib inhibits AML cells, which could facilitate the development of combination therapy for AML in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Lin Jerry Teng
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Ting Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Rung Tsai
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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The people behind the papers - Margaret Hung and Robert Krauss. Development 2024; 151:dev202888. [PMID: 38573009 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Adhesion of muscle stem cells to their niche provides stable anchorage, and biochemical and biomechanical signals required for quiescence. In their work, Robert Krauss and colleagues reveal the role of catenin/cadherin-based adhesion interactions in maintaining niche localization. To find out more about their work, we spoke to the first author, Margaret Hung, and the corresponding author, Robert Krauss, Professor in Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology at the Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai.
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Rosfelter A, de Labbey G, Chenevert J, Dumollard R, Schaub S, Machaty Z, Besnardeau L, Gonzalez Suarez D, Hebras C, Turlier H, Burgess DR, McDougall A. Reduction of cortical pulling at mitotic entry facilitates aster centration. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262037. [PMID: 38469748 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Equal cell division relies upon astral microtubule-based centering mechanisms, yet how the interplay between mitotic entry, cortical force generation and long astral microtubules leads to symmetric cell division is not resolved. We report that a cortically located sperm aster displaying long astral microtubules that penetrate the whole zygote does not undergo centration until mitotic entry. At mitotic entry, we find that microtubule-based cortical pulling is lost. Quantitative measurements of cortical pulling and cytoplasmic pulling together with physical simulations suggested that a wavelike loss of cortical pulling at mitotic entry leads to aster centration based on cytoplasmic pulling. Cortical actin is lost from the cortex at mitotic entry coincident with a fall in cortical tension from ∼300pN/µm to ∼100pN/µm. Following the loss of cortical force generators at mitotic entry, long microtubule-based cytoplasmic pulling is sufficient to displace the aster towards the cell center. These data reveal how mitotic aster centration is coordinated with mitotic entry in chordate zygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rosfelter
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Ghislain de Labbey
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241 / INSERM U1050, Université PSL, 75002 Paris, France
| | - Janet Chenevert
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Rémi Dumollard
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Sebastien Schaub
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Zoltan Machaty
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Lydia Besnardeau
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Daniel Gonzalez Suarez
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Céline Hebras
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Hervé Turlier
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241 / INSERM U1050, Université PSL, 75002 Paris, France
| | - David R Burgess
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Alex McDougall
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche-sur-mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France
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Scelfo A, Barra V, Abdennur N, Spracklin G, Busato F, Salinas-Luypaert C, Bonaiti E, Velasco G, Bonhomme F, Chipont A, Tijhuis AE, Spierings DC, Guérin C, Arimondo P, Francastel C, Foijer F, Tost J, Mirny L, Fachinetti D. Tunable DNMT1 degradation reveals DNMT1/DNMT3B synergy in DNA methylation and genome organization. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202307026. [PMID: 38376465 PMCID: PMC10876481 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAme) is a key epigenetic mark that regulates critical biological processes maintaining overall genome stability. Given its pleiotropic function, studies of DNAme dynamics are crucial, but currently available tools to interfere with DNAme have limitations and major cytotoxic side effects. Here, we present cell models that allow inducible and reversible DNAme modulation through DNMT1 depletion. By dynamically assessing whole genome and locus-specific effects of induced passive demethylation through cell divisions, we reveal a cooperative activity between DNMT1 and DNMT3B, but not of DNMT3A, to maintain and control DNAme. We show that gradual loss of DNAme is accompanied by progressive and reversible changes in heterochromatin, compartmentalization, and peripheral localization. DNA methylation loss coincides with a gradual reduction of cell fitness due to G1 arrest, with minor levels of mitotic failure. Altogether, this system allows DNMTs and DNA methylation studies with fine temporal resolution, which may help to reveal the etiologic link between DNAme dysfunction and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scelfo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Viviana Barra
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nezar Abdennur
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - George Spracklin
- Department of Systems Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Florence Busato
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | | | - Elena Bonaiti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | | | - Frédéric Bonhomme
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR n°3523 Chem4Life, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anna Chipont
- Cytometry Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Andréa E. Tijhuis
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Diana C.J. Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Coralie Guérin
- Cytometry Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Paola Arimondo
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR n°3523 Chem4Life, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jӧrg Tost
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Leonid Mirny
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniele Fachinetti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
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Quesenberry P, Dooner M, Pereira M, Oulhen N, Wen S. The Essence of Quiescence. Stem Cells Dev 2024; 33:149-152. [PMID: 38445379 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2024.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Historically hematopoietic stem cells are believed to be predominantly dormant but could be induced into active cell cycle under specific conditions. This review, coupled with years of research from our laboratory, challenges this belief by demonstrating a significant portion of hematopoietic stem cells are actively cycling rather than quiescent. This addresses a major heuristic error in the understanding of hematopoietic stem cells that has shaped this field for decades. By evaluating the cycle status of engraftable hematopoietic stem cells in whole unseparated bone marrow, we demonstrated that a significant portion of these cells are actively cycling, and further confirmed by tritiated thymidine suicide and bromodeoxyuridine labeling assays. Moreover, by analyzing both whole unseparated bone marrow and purified lineage-negative hematopoietic stem cells in murine models, our findings indicate that lineage-positive cells, usually discarded during purification, actually contain actively cycling stem cells. Taken together, our findings highlight that hematopoietic stem cells are characterized as actively cycling and expressing differentiation epitopes. This corrects a basic mistake in stem cell biology. Furthermore, these findings provide valuable insights for a better understanding of the actively cycling hematopoietic stem cells in the field of stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quesenberry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mark Dooner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mandy Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nathalie Oulhen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sicheng Wen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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37
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Lu H, Hou L, Zhang Y, Guo T, Wang Y, Xing M. Polystyrene microplastics mediate cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in the G2/M phase through ROS in grass carp kidney cells. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:1923-1935. [PMID: 38064284 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have attracted widespread worldwide attention as a new pollutant. However, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle in nephrotoxicity induced by different concentrations of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) is unknown. This study used grass carp kidney cells (CIK) treated with different concentrations of PS-MPs (0, 0.012, 0.0625, and 0.5 mg L-1 ) as subjects. With the increase of PS-MPs concentration, the levels of ROS and malonaldehyde increased, while the level of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) activity decreased. The expression of BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase (BUB1), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1), CDK2, CyclinB1, cell division cycle 20 homolog (CDC20), and B-cell lymphoma-2, sequestosome 1 decreased significantly. Nevertheless, the expression of Caspase 3, Cleave-Caspase 3, cytochrome c (Cytc), BCL2-associated X, apoptosis regulator, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), Cleave-PARP, Caspase 9, autophagy immunoblot kit (LC3), and Beclin1 increased. Our research shows that PS-MPs can trigger oxidative stress and induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in CIK cells by regulating ROS. This work provides a theoretical basis for cellular biology and toxicology mechanisms and new insights into the potential risks to animals from MPs exposure in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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38
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Flury V, Groth A. Safeguarding the epigenome through the cell cycle: a multitasking game. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 85:102161. [PMID: 38447236 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Sustaining cell identity and function across cell division is germane to human development, healthspan, and cancer avoidance. This relies significantly on propagation of chromatin organization between cell generations, as chromatin presents a barrier to cell fate and cell state conversions. Inheritance of chromatin states across the many cell divisions required for development and tissue homeostasis represents a major challenge, especially because chromatin is disrupted to allow passage of the DNA replication fork to synthesize the two daughter strands. This process also leads to a twofold dilution of epigenetic information in histones, which needs to be accurately restored for faithful propagation of chromatin states across cell divisions. Recent research has identified distinct multilayered mechanisms acting to propagate epigenetic information to daughter strands. Here, we summarize key principles of how epigenetic information in parental histones is transferred across DNA replication and how new histones robustly acquire the same information postreplication, representing a core component of epigenetic cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flury
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. https://twitter.com/@ValeFlury
| | - Anja Groth
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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39
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Zhou Q, Wang R, Su Y, Wang B, Zhang Y, Qin X. The molecular circadian rhythms regulating the cell cycle. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30539. [PMID: 38372014 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock controls the expression of a large proportion of protein-coding genes in mammals and can modulate a wide range of physiological processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that disruption or dysregulation of the circadian clock is involved in the development and progression of several diseases, including cancer. The cell cycle is considered to be the fundamental process related to cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that the circadian clock can control the expression of a large number of genes related to the cell cycle. This article reviews the mechanism of cell cycle-related genes whose chromatin regulatory elements are rhythmically occupied by core circadian clock transcription factors, while their RNAs are rhythmically expressed. This article further reviews the identified oscillatory cell cycle-related genes in higher organisms such as baboons and humans. The potential functions of these identified genes in regulating cell cycle progression are also discussed. Understanding how the molecular clock controls the expression of cell cycle genes will be beneficial for combating and treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ruohan Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yunxia Su
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Modern Experiment Technology Center, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ximing Qin
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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40
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Deng S, Gong H, Zhang D, Zhang M, He X. A statistical method for quantifying progenitor cells reveals incipient cell fate commitments. Nat Methods 2024; 21:597-608. [PMID: 38379073 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying the number of progenitor cells that found an organ, tissue or cell population is of fundamental importance for understanding the development and homeostasis of a multicellular organism. Previous efforts rely on marker genes that are specifically expressed in progenitors. This strategy is, however, often hindered by the lack of ideal markers. Here we propose a general statistical method to quantify the progenitors of any tissues or cell populations in an organism, even in the absence of progenitor-specific markers, by exploring the cell phylogenetic tree that records the cell division history during development. The method, termed targeting coalescent analysis (TarCA), computes the probability that two randomly sampled cells of a tissue coalesce within the tissue-specific monophyletic clades. The inverse of this probability then serves as a measure of the progenitor number of the tissue. Both mathematic modeling and computer simulations demonstrated the high accuracy of TarCA, which was then validated using real data from nematode, fruit fly and mouse, all with related cell phylogenetic trees. We further showed that TarCA can be used to identify lineage-specific upregulated genes during embryogenesis, revealing incipient cell fate commitments in mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjun Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengdong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xionglei He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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41
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Han JX, Bai Z, Wang RW. Unraveling power-law scaling through exponential cell division dynamics. Biosystems 2024; 238:105190. [PMID: 38492628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
A primary objective of biology is the development of universal laws that define how organic form develops and how it evolves as a function of size, both ontogenetically and across evolutionary time. Scaling theory has been essential in reaching this goal by giving a complete perspective point, particularly in illuminating the fundamental biological features produced within scaling exponents defining families of equations. Nonetheless, the theoretical basis of the allometric equation within scaling theory are inadequately explained, particularly when it comes to establishing links between micro-level processes at the cellular level and macro-level phenomena. We proposed an unlimited cell bipartition, resulting in an exponential growth in cell numbers during an individual's lifespan, to bridge this conceptual gap between cellular processes and allometric scaling. The power-law scaling between body mass and organ weight was produced by the synchronous exponential increments and the allometric exponent is rate of logarithmic cell proliferation rate. Substituting organ weight for erythrocyte weight aided in the development of a power-law scaling relationship between body mass and metabolic rate. Furthermore, it is critical to understand how cell size affects the exponent in power-law scaling. We find that a bigger exponent will result from an increase in the average weight of organ cells or a decrease in the average weight of all cells. Furthermore, cell proliferation dynamics showed a complex exponential scaling between body mass and longevity, defying the previously reported power-law scaling. We discovered a quadratic link between longevity and logarithmic body mass. Notably, all of the parameters included in these relationships are explained by indices linked to cell division and embryonic development. This research adds to our understanding of the complex interaction between cellular processes and overarching scaling phenomena in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xu Han
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China; Zoology Department and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zhuangdong Bai
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Rui-Wu Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
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42
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Ruszkowska-Ciastek B, Kwiatkowska K, Marques-da-Silva D, Lagoa R. Cancer Stem Cells from Definition to Detection and Targeted Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3903. [PMID: 38612718 PMCID: PMC11011379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers remain the second leading cause of mortality in the world. Preclinical and clinical studies point an important role of cancer/leukaemia stem cells (CSCs/LSCs) in the colonisation at secondary organ sites upon metastatic spreading, although the precise mechanisms for specific actions are still not fully understood. Reviewing the present knowledge on the crucial role of CSCs/LSCs, their plasticity, and population heterogeneity in treatment failures in cancer patients is timely. Standard chemotherapy, which acts mainly on rapidly dividing cells, is unable to adequately affect CSCs with a low proliferation rate. One of the proposed mechanisms of CSC resistance to anticancer agents is the fact that these cells can easily shift between different phases of the cell cycle in response to typical cell stimuli induced by anticancer drugs. In this work, we reviewed the recent studies on CSC/LSC alterations associated with disease recurrence, and we systematised the functional assays, markers, and novel methods for CSCs screening. This review emphasises CSCs' involvement in cancer progression and metastasis, as well as CSC/LSC targeting by synthetic and natural compounds aiming at their elimination or modulation of stemness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.-d.-S.); (R.L.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Lagoa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (D.M.-d.-S.); (R.L.)
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
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43
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Choi SC, Park YP, Roach T, Jimenez D, Fisher A, Zadeh M, Ma L, Sobel ES, Ge Y, Mohamadzadeh M, Morel L. Lupus susceptibility gene Pbx1 controls the development, stability, and function of regulatory T cells via Rtkn2 expression. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadi4310. [PMID: 38536923 PMCID: PMC10971436 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of regulatory T (Treg) cells critically prevents autoimmunity. Pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor 1 (Pbx1) variants are associated with lupus susceptibility, particularly through the expression of a dominant negative isoform Pbx1-d in CD4+ T cells. Pbx1-d overexpression impaired Treg cell homeostasis and promoted inflammatory CD4+ T cells. Here, we showed a high expression of Pbx1 in human and murine Treg cells, which is decreased in lupus patients and mice. Pbx1 deficiency or Pbx1-d overexpression reduced the number, stability, and suppressive activity of Treg cells, which increased murine responses to immunization and autoimmune induction. Mechanistically, Pbx1 deficiency altered the expression of genes implicated in cell cycle and apoptosis in Treg cells. Intriguingly, Rtkn2, a Rho-GTPase previously associated with Treg homeostasis, was directly transactivated by Pbx1. Our results suggest that the maintenance of Treg cell homeostasis and stability by Pbx1 through cell cycle progression prevent the expansion of inflammatory T cells that otherwise exacerbates lupus progression in the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chul Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Yuk Pheel Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Tracoyia Roach
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Damian Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Amanda Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Mojgan Zadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Longhuan Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Eric S. Sobel
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yong Ge
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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44
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Prakash A, Dutta D. Bicyclomycin generates ROS and blocks cell division in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293858. [PMID: 38551933 PMCID: PMC10980228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the killing exerted by antibiotics on bacteria is debated. Evidence attributes part of toxicity of many antibiotics to their ability to generate ROS by interfering with cellular metabolism, but some studies dismiss the role of ROS. Bicyclomycin (BCM) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is the only known compound to inhibit E. coli transcription terminator factor Rho with no known other cellular targets. In the present study, we addressed this question by checking whether the induction of oxidative stress could explain the increased sensitivity to Bicyclomycin in the hns deleted strain even in Δkil background in E. coli. BCM evoked the generation of ROS in E. coli cells. BCM is known to cause the cell filamentation phenotype in E. coli. Performing fluorescence microscopic analysis, we show that bicyclomycin-dependent cell filamentation is associated with SOS response. RecA-GFP filaments were found to colocalize with the damaged DNA sites in the cell. Further analysis revealed that the genomic DNA was partitioned but the cell septum formation was severely affected under BCM treatment. Furthermore, we observed biofilm formation by E. coli after BCM treatment. We hypothesize that ROS production after BCM treatment could lead to cell filamentation in bacteria. A better understanding of the mode of toxicity of BCM will help us design better antibiotic treatment regimes for clinical practices, including combinatorial drug therapies. The cell filamentation phenotype observed after BCM treatment makes this antibiotic a promising drug for phage-antibiotic synergy (PAS) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Prakash
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dipak Dutta
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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45
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Li ZY, Chen YP, Liu HY, Li B. Three-Dimensional Chiral Morphogenesis of Active Fluids. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:138401. [PMID: 38613297 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.138401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Chirality is an essential nature of biological systems. However, it remains obscure how the handedness at the microscale is translated into chiral morphogenesis at the tissue level. Here, we investigate three-dimensional (3D) tissue morphogenesis using an active fluid theory invoking chirality. We show that the coordination of achiral and chiral stresses, arising from microscopic interactions and energy input of individual cells, can engender the self-organization of 3D papillary and helical structures. The achiral active stress drives the nucleation of asterlike topological defects, which initiate 3D out-of-plane budding, followed by rodlike elongation. The chiral active stress excites vortexlike topological defects, which favor the tip spheroidization and twisting of the elongated rod. These results unravel the chiral morphogenesis observed in our experiments of 3D organoids generated by human embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yi Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yun-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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46
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Laporte D, Massoni-Laporte A, Lefranc C, Dompierre J, Mauboules D, Nsamba ET, Royou A, Gal L, Schuldiner M, Gupta ML, Sagot I. A stable microtubule bundle formed through an orchestrated multistep process controls quiescence exit. eLife 2024; 12:RP89958. [PMID: 38527106 PMCID: PMC10963028 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells fine-tune microtubule assembly in both space and time to give rise to distinct edifices with specific cellular functions. In proliferating cells, microtubules are highly dynamics, and proliferation cessation often leads to their stabilization. One of the most stable microtubule structures identified to date is the nuclear bundle assembled in quiescent yeast. In this article, we characterize the original multistep process driving the assembly of this structure. This Aurora B-dependent mechanism follows a precise temporality that relies on the sequential actions of kinesin-14, kinesin-5, and involves both microtubule-kinetochore and kinetochore-kinetochore interactions. Upon quiescence exit, the microtubule bundle is disassembled via a cooperative process involving kinesin-8 and its full disassembly is required prior to cells re-entry into proliferation. Overall, our study provides the first description, at the molecular scale, of the entire life cycle of a stable microtubule structure in vivo and sheds light on its physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel T Nsamba
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State UniversityAmesUnited States
| | - Anne Royou
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095BordeauxFrance
| | - Lihi Gal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Mohan L Gupta
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State UniversityAmesUnited States
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Sever B, Otsuka M, Fujita M, Ciftci H. A Review of FDA-Approved Anti-HIV-1 Drugs, Anti-Gag Compounds, and Potential Strategies for HIV-1 Eradication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3659. [PMID: 38612471 PMCID: PMC11012182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an enormous global health threat stemming from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Up to now, the tremendous advances in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have shifted HIV-1 infection from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic disorder. However, the presence of latent reservoirs, the multifaceted nature of HIV-1, drug resistance, severe off-target effects, poor adherence, and high cost restrict the efficacy of current cART targeting the distinct stages of the virus life cycle. Therefore, there is an unmet need for the discovery of new therapeutics that not only bypass the limitations of the current therapy but also protect the body's health at the same time. The main goal for complete HIV-1 eradication is purging latently infected cells from patients' bodies. A potential strategy called "lock-in and apoptosis" targets the budding phase of the life cycle of the virus and leads to susceptibility to apoptosis of HIV-1 infected cells for the elimination of HIV-1 reservoirs and, ultimately, for complete eradication. The current work intends to present the main advantages and disadvantages of United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-HIV-1 drugs as well as plausible strategies for the design and development of more anti-HIV-1 compounds with better potency, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, and improved safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Türkiye;
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Halilibrahim Ciftci
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Türkiye
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48
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Filippi A, Aurelian J, Mocanu MM. Analysis of the Gene Networks and Pathways Correlated with Tissue Differentiation in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3626. [PMID: 38612439 PMCID: PMC11011430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent non-cutaneous cancer in men. Early PCa detection has been made possible by the adoption of screening methods based on the serum prostate-specific antigen and Gleason score (GS). The aim of this study was to correlate gene expression with the differentiation level of prostate adenocarcinomas, as indicated by GS. We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and included 497 prostate cancer patients, 52 of which also had normal tissue sample sequencing data. Gene ontology analysis revealed that higher GSs were associated with greater responses to DNA damage, telomere lengthening, and cell division. Positive correlation was found with transcription factor activator of the adenovirus gene E2 (E2F) and avian myelocytomatosis viral homolog (MYC) targets, G2M checkpoints, DNA repair, and mitotic spindles. Immune cell deconvolution revealed high M0 macrophage counts and an increase in M2 macrophages dependent on the GS. The molecular pathways most correlated with GSs were cell cycle, RNA transport, and calcium signaling (depleted). A combinatorial approach identified a set of eight genes able to differentiate by k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) between normal tissues, low-Gleason tissues, and high-Gleason tissues with high accuracy. In conclusion, our study could be a step forward to better understanding the link between gene expression and PCa progression and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Filippi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Justin Aurelian
- Department of Specific Disciplines, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele” Clinical Hospital, 050653 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria-Magdalena Mocanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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49
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Parigini C, Greulich P. Homeostatic regulation of renewing tissue cell populations via crowding control: stability, robustness and quasi-dedifferentiation. J Math Biol 2024; 88:47. [PMID: 38520536 PMCID: PMC10960778 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-024-02057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
To maintain renewing epithelial tissues in a healthy, homeostatic state, cell divisions and differentiation need to be tightly regulated. Mechanisms of homeostatic regulation often rely on crowding feedback control: cells are able to sense the cell density in their environment, via various molecular and mechanosensing pathways, and respond by adjusting division, differentiation, and cell state transitions appropriately. Here, we determine, via a mathematically rigorous framework, which general conditions for the crowding feedback regulation (i) must be minimally met, and (ii) are sufficient, to allow the maintenance of homeostasis in renewing tissues. We show that those conditions naturally allow for a degree of robustness toward disruption of regulation. Furthermore, intrinsic to this feedback regulation is that stem cell identity is established collectively by the cell population, not by individual cells, which implies the possibility of 'quasi-dedifferentiation', in which cells committed to differentiation may reacquire stem cell properties upon depletion of the stem cell pool. These findings can guide future experimental campaigns to identify specific crowding feedback mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Parigini
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Te Pūnaha Ātea - Space Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip Greulich
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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50
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Schieweck R, Götz M. Pan-cellular organelles and suborganelles-from common functions to cellular diversity? Genes Dev 2024; 38:98-114. [PMID: 38485267 PMCID: PMC10982711 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351337.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cell diversification is at the base of increasing multicellular organism complexity in phylogeny achieved during ontogeny. However, there are also functions common to all cells, such as cell division, cell migration, translation, endocytosis, exocytosis, etc. Here we revisit the organelles involved in such common functions, reviewing recent evidence of unexpected differences of proteins at these organelles. For instance, centrosomes or mitochondria differ significantly in their protein composition in different, sometimes closely related, cell types. This has relevance for development and disease. Particularly striking is the high amount and diversity of RNA-binding proteins at these and other organelles, which brings us to review the evidence for RNA at different organelles and suborganelles. We include a discussion about (sub)organelles involved in translation, such as the nucleolus and ribosomes, for which unexpected cell type-specific diversity has also been reported. We propose here that the heterogeneity of these organelles and compartments represents a novel mechanism for regulating cell diversity. One reason is that protein functions can be multiplied by their different contributions in distinct organelles, as also exemplified by proteins with moonlighting function. The specialized organelles still perform pan-cellular functions but in a cell type-specific mode, as discussed here for centrosomes, mitochondria, vesicles, and other organelles. These can serve as regulatory hubs for the storage and transport of specific and functionally important regulators. In this way, they can control cell differentiation, plasticity, and survival. We further include examples highlighting the relevance for disease and propose to examine organelles in many more cell types for their possible differences with functional relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Schieweck
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR) Unit at Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy;
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany;
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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