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Seco J, King CC, Camazzola G, Jansen J, Tirinato L, Marafioti MG, Hanley R, Pagliari F, Beckman SP. Modulating Nucleus Oxygen Concentration by Altering Intramembrane Cholesterol Levels: Creating Hypoxic Nucleus in Oxic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095077. [PMID: 35563465 PMCID: PMC9105739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel mechanism by which cancer cells can modulate the oxygen concentration within the nucleus, potentially creating low nuclear oxygen conditions without the need of an hypoxic micro-environment and suited for allowing cancer cells to resist chemo- and radio-therapy. The cells ability to alter intra-cellular oxygen conditions depends on the amount of cholesterol present within the cellular membranes, where high levels of cholesterol can yield rigid membranes that slow oxygen diffusion. The proposed mechanism centers on the competition between (1) the diffusion of oxygen within the cell and across cellular membranes that replenishes any consumed oxygen and (2) the consumption of oxygen in the mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), etc. The novelty of our work centers around the assumption that the cholesterol content of a membrane can affect the oxygen diffusion across the membrane, reducing the cell ability to replenish the oxygen consumed within the cell. For these conditions, the effective diffusion rate of oxygen becomes of the same order as the oxygen consumption rate, allowing the cell to reduce the oxygen concentration of the nucleus, with implications to the Warburg Effect. The cellular and nucleus oxygen content is indirectly evaluated experimentally for bladder (T24) cancer cells and during the cell cycle, where the cells are initially synchronized using hydroxeaurea (HU) at the late G1-phase/early S-phase. The analysis of cellular and nucleus oxygen concentration during cell cycle is performed via (i) RT-qPCR gene analysis of hypoxia inducible transcription factors (HIF) and prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) and (ii) radiation clonogenic assay every 2 h, after release from synchronization. The HIF/PHD genes allowed us to correlate cellular oxygen with oxygen concentration in the nucleus that is obtained from the cells radiation response, where the amount DNA damage due to radiation is directly related to the amount of oxygen present in the nucleus. We demonstrate that during the S-phase cells can become hypoxic in the late S-phase/early G2-phase and therefore the radiation resistance increases 2- to 3-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Seco
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (G.C.); (J.J.); (L.T.); (M.G.M.); (R.H.); (F.P.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Clarence C. King
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (C.C.K.); (S.P.B.)
| | - Gianmarco Camazzola
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (G.C.); (J.J.); (L.T.); (M.G.M.); (R.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Jeannette Jansen
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (G.C.); (J.J.); (L.T.); (M.G.M.); (R.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Luca Tirinato
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (G.C.); (J.J.); (L.T.); (M.G.M.); (R.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Maria G. Marafioti
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (G.C.); (J.J.); (L.T.); (M.G.M.); (R.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Rachel Hanley
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (G.C.); (J.J.); (L.T.); (M.G.M.); (R.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesca Pagliari
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (G.C.); (J.J.); (L.T.); (M.G.M.); (R.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Scott P. Beckman
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (C.C.K.); (S.P.B.)
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Cabezas-Sainz P, Coppel C, Pensado-López A, Fernandez P, Muinelo-Romay L, López-López R, Rubiolo JA, Sánchez L. Morphological Abnormalities and Gene Expression Changes Caused by High Incubation Temperatures in Zebrafish Xenografts with Human Cancer Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010113. [PMID: 33477746 PMCID: PMC7832305 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Published studies show that most of the human cancer xenograft studies in zebrafish embryos have used incubation temperatures in the range of 32–34 °C for 3–6 days post-injection, trying to find a compromise temperature between the zebrafish embryos (28 °C) and the human injected cells (37 °C). While this experimental setup is widely used, a question remains: is possible to overcome the drawbacks caused by a suboptimal temperature for the injected cells? To clarify the effect of temperature and injected cells on the host, in this study, we analyzed the development and health of the last in response to different temperatures in the presence or absence of injected human cancer cells. Comparing different incubation temperatures (28, 34 and 36 °C), we determined morphological abnormalities and developmental effects in injected and non-injected embryos at different time points. Besides this, the expression of selected genes was determined by qPCR to determine temperature affected metabolic processes in the embryos. The results indicate that an incubation temperature of 36 °C during a period of 48 h is suitable for xenotransplantation without morphological or metabolic changes that could be affecting the host or the injected cells, allowing them to proliferate near their optimal temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cabezas-Sainz
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (C.C.); (A.P.-L.); (P.F.)
| | - Carlos Coppel
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (C.C.); (A.P.-L.); (P.F.)
| | - Alba Pensado-López
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (C.C.); (A.P.-L.); (P.F.)
- Genomic Medicine Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro Fernandez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (C.C.); (A.P.-L.); (P.F.)
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Oncomet, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Translational Laboratory, Medical Oncology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela/SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Juan A. Rubiolo
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (C.C.); (A.P.-L.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.A.R.); (L.S.); Tel.: +34-982-822-429 (L.S.)
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus de Lugo, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.C.-S.); (C.C.); (A.P.-L.); (P.F.)
- Preclinical Animal Models Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.R.); (L.S.); Tel.: +34-982-822-429 (L.S.)
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Ear J, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Roy S, Ngo T, Rajapakse N, Choi J, Khandelwal S, Ghassemian M, McCaffrey L, Kufareva I, Sahoo D, Ghosh P. A long isoform of GIV/Girdin contains a PDZ-binding module that regulates localization and G-protein binding. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100493. [PMID: 33675748 PMCID: PMC8042451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PDZ domains are one of the most abundant protein domains in eukaryotes and are frequently found on junction-localized scaffold proteins. Various signaling molecules bind to PDZ proteins via PDZ-binding motifs (PBM) and fine-tune cellular signaling. However, how such interaction affects protein function is difficult to predict and must be solved empirically. Here we describe a long isoform of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GIV/Girdin (CCDC88A) that we named GIV-L, which is conserved throughout evolution, from invertebrates to vertebrates, and contains a PBM. Unlike GIV, which lacks PBM and is cytosolic, GIV-L localizes onto cell junctions and has a PDZ interactome (as shown through annotating Human Cell Map and BioID-proximity labeling studies), which impacts GIV-L's ability to bind and activate trimeric G-protein, Gαi, through its guanine-nucleotide exchange modulator (GEM) module. This GEM module is found exclusively in vertebrates. We propose that the two functional modules in GIV may have evolved sequentially: the ability to bind PDZ proteins via the PBM evolved earlier in invertebrates, whereas G-protein binding and activation may have evolved later only among vertebrates. Phenotypic studies in Caco-2 cells revealed that GIV and GIV-L may have antagonistic effects on cell growth, proliferation (cell cycle), and survival. Immunohistochemical analysis in human colon tissues showed that GIV expression increases with a concomitant decrease in GIV-L during cancer initiation. Taken together, these findings reveal how regulation in GIV/CCDC88A transcript helps to achieve protein modularity, which allows the protein to play opposing roles either as a tumor suppressor (GIV-L) or as an oncogene (GIV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ear
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA.
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tony Ngo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Navin Rajapakse
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Julie Choi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Soni Khandelwal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Rebecca and John Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Fu Q, Cheng J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Xie J, Luo S. [MiR-145 inhibits drug resistance to Oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells through regulating G protein coupled receptor 98]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 20:566-570. [PMID: 28534337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To predict and identify the target gene of miR-145, and to explore the underlying mechanism of the inhibition of miR-145 on drug resistance to Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) in human colorectal cancer cells. METHODS L-OHP-resistant human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116/L-OHP) was established in vitro by exposing to increased concentrations of L-OHP in cell culture medium. MiR-145-mimics and its negative control (NC-miRNA) were transfected into HCT116/L-OHP cells using liposome to establish HCT116/L-OHPmimics over-expressing miR-145 and HCT116/L-OHPNC. The target genes of miR-145 were predicted by bioinformatic analysis, and validated by dual luciferase activity assay. After determination of G protein coupled receptor 98(GPR98) as target gene, corresponding plasmids were constructed and transfected to establish HCT116/L-OHPGPR98 over-expressing GPR98 and HCT116/L-OHPcontrol. HCT116/L-OHP cells over-expressing both GPR98 and miR-145 (HCT116/L-OHPmimics+GPR98) were acquired through modification of the binding sites of GPR98 cDNA with miR-145. CCK-8 assay was used to assess the proliferation (A value) and sensitivity to L-OHP (the lower the IC50, the stronger the sensitivity) in HCT116/L-OHP cells. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of miR-145 and GPR98. Western blot was used to examine the protein expression of GPR98 and drug-resistant associated protein, such as P-glycoprotein (gp), multiple drug-resistance protein 1(MRP1), cancer-inhibition gene PTEN. RESULTS HCT116/L-OHP cell line was successfully established with IC50 of (42.34±1.05) mg/L and miR-145 mRNA expression of 0.27±0.04, which was higher than (9.81±0.95) mg/L (t=39.784, P=0.000) and lower than 1.00±0.09 (t=13.021, P=0.000) in HCT116 cells. Based on HCT116/L-OHP cells, HCT116/L-OHPmimics cells were established successfully, with relative miR-145 expression of 10.01±1.05, which was higher than 1.06±0.14 in HCT116/L-OHPNC and 1.00±0.16 in HCT116/L-OHP (F=161.797, P=0.000). GPR98 was identified to be the target gene of miR-145. The relative mRNA and protein expressions of GPR98 in HCT116/L-OHPGPR98 cells were 8.48±0.46 and 1.71±0.09, respectively, which were higher than those in HCT116/L-OHPcontrol (mRNA: 3.65±0.40, protein: 1.21±0.10) and HCT116/L-OHP (mRNA: 3.49±0.35, protein: 1.22±0.08; all P<0.05). The A value was 1.31±0.10, and the relative protein expressions of P-gp and MRP1 were 1.53±0.18 and 1.49±0.20 in HCT116/L-OHPGPR98 cells, which were higher than those in HCT116/L-OHP (A value: 0.82±0.08, relative protein expression: 1.00±0.06 and 1.21±0.13, all P<0.05). The A value was 0.89±0.08, and the relative protein expressions of P-gp and MRP were 1.02±0.24 and 1.38±0.25 in HCT116/L-OHPmimics+GPR98 cells, which were higher than those in HCT116/L-OHPmimics(A value: 0.20±0.05, relative protein expression: 0.20±0.07, 0.55±0.10, all P<0.05). The relative protein expression of PTEN in HCT116/L-OHPGPR98 cells was 0.12±0.03, which was lower than 1.25±0.14 in HCT116/L-OHP cells(P<0.05). In addition, relative protein expressions of P-gp and MRP1 were 1.02±0.24 and 1.38±0.25 in HCT116/L-OHPmimics+GPR98 cells, which were higher than those in HCT116/L-OHPmimics cells (0.20±0.07 and 0.55±0.10), while PTEN expression in HCT116/L-OHPmimics+GPR98 cells was lower as compared to HCT116/L-OHPmimics cells (1.41±0.16 vs. 1.98±0.13, P<0.05). CONCLUSION MiR-145 inhibits drug resistance to L-OHP of HCT116 cells through suppressing the expression of target gene GPR98.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/drug effects
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/physiology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- HCT116 Cells/drug effects
- HCT116 Cells/physiology
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/pharmacology
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/drug effects
- Organoplatinum Compounds/pharmacology
- Oxaliplatin
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Henan Cancer Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital (Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jindai Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Henan Cancer Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Henan Cancer Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Jianguo Xie
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, Henan Cancer Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450008, China.
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou 450008, China
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Cai C, Zeng B, Zeng J, Xin H, Tang C. [Effect of ASCT2 gene knock-down by shRNA on biological behaviors of colorectal cancer cells]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 20:450-454. [PMID: 28440528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of ASCT2 gene (glutamine transporter) knock-down by shRNA on biological behaviors of colorectal cancer cells. METHODS shRNA was transfected into colorectal cancer cells Lovo and SW480 to knockdown ASCT2 mediated by Lipofectamine 2000. Reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot were used to examine the mRNA and protein expression of ASCT2. MTT and transwell assay were used to determine the proliferation and invasiveness of Lovo and SW480 cells. Radioactive-tracer was used to detect the uptake of glutamine. RESULTS ASCT2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly down-regulated by shRNA in Lovo and SW480 cells(P<0.01). MTT and transwell assays showed that ASCT2 knock-down could significantly inhibit the proliferation of Lovo and SW480 cells (A490) and decrease the number of invasive Lovo and SW480 cells from the membrane (both P<0.01). The number of membrane Lovo cells in shASCT group and control group was 46.3±5.9 and 197.7±9.1, respectively while the number of membrane SW480 cells in shASCT group and control group was 29.7±3.8 and 139.0±9.5, respectively. Radioactive-tracer showed that shASCT2 transfection could significantly reduce the uptake of glutamine, with an inhibition rate of 79.15% in Lovo and 67.22% in SW480 cells (both P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS ASCT2 plays an oncogenic role in colonic cancer, and its promotion mechanism may be associated with glutamine metabolism. ASCT2 may be a novel therapeutic target of colonic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan General Hospital, Guangdong Qingyuan 510120, China.
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Ma J, Ma Y, Guo T, Chen Q, Li Y, Su H, Chen X, Zhao X, Guo Q, Qi J. [Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3 and ω-6 on angiogenesis formation in human gastric cancer]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 20:84-89. [PMID: 28105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ω-3 and ω-6, and their middle metabolites PGE2 and PGE3 on angiogenesis formation of gastric cancer, and to explore associated mechanism. METHODS The effects of ω-3, ω-6, PGE2, PGE3 on the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) were measured by proliferation and migration assay respectively. The angiogenesis assay in vivo was used to measure the effects of ω-3, ω-6, PGE2 and PGE3 on neovascularization. In all the assays, groups without ω-3, ω-6, PGE2 and PGE3 were designed as the control. RESULTS With the increased concentration of ω-6 from 1 μmol/L to 10 μmol/L, the proliferation ability of HUVECs enhanced, and the number of migration cells also increased from 28.2±3.0 to 32.8±2.1, which was higher than control group (21.2±3.2) respectively (both P<0.05). With the increased concentration of ω-3 from 1 μmol/L to 10 μmol/L, the proliferation ability of HUVECs was inhibited, and the number of migration cells decreased from 15.8±2.0 to 11.0±2.1, which was lower than control group (22.1±3.0) respectively (both P<0.05). In the angiogenesis assay, compared with control group (standard number: 43 721±4 654), the angiogenesis ability of HUVECs was significantly enhanced by ω-6 in concentration-dependent manner (1 μmol/L group: 63 238±4 795, 10 μmol/L group: 78 166±6 123, all P<0.01). Meanwhile, with the increased concentration of ω-3 from 1 μmol/L to 10 μmol/L, the angiogenesis ability was significantly decreased from 30 129±3 102 to 20 012±1 541(all P<0.01). The proliferation and migration ability of HUVECs were significantly promoted by ω-6 metabolites PGE2 (P<0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, ω-3 metabolites PGE3 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration ability of HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner (all P<0.05). After rofecoxib (a COX-2 specific inhibitor) inhibited the expression of COX-2, the expression level of PGE2 was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In co-culture system, whose gastric cancer cells expressed positive COX-2, ω-6 could increase angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells(P<0.01), but ω-3 could inhibit such angiogenesis(P<0.01). In co-culture system, whose gastric cancer cells did not express COX-2, ω-3 could inhibit the angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells (P<0.05), but ω-6 had no effect on angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The PUFA ω-6 can enhance the angiogenesis via the promotion of proliferation and migration of HUVECs, and COX-2 and PGE2 may play an important role in this process, whereas, the ω-3 can inhibit the angiogenesis through its middle metabolites PGE3 to inhibit the proliferation and migration of HUVECs. Results of this experiment may provide a new approach to inhibit and prevent the spread of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachi Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Gan Su provincial hospital, LanZhou 730000, China.
| | - Yuntao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Gan Su provincial hospital, LanZhou 730000, China
| | - Tiankang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Gan Su provincial hospital, LanZhou 730000, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Gan Su provincial hospital, LanZhou 730000, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of General Surgery, Gan Su provincial hospital, LanZhou 730000, China
| | - He Su
- Department of General Surgery, Gan Su provincial hospital, LanZhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaochang Chen
- Ning Xia Medical University Graduate School, YinChuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Ning Xia Medical University Graduate School, YinChuan 750004, China
| | - Qinjin Guo
- Ning Xia Medical University Graduate School, YinChuan 750004, China
| | - Jianbo Qi
- Ning Xia Medical University Graduate School, YinChuan 750004, China
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Chen X, Xu J, Ye J, Cheng X, Xie X, Lyu W. [Expression of miR-let-7e-3p in cervical intraepithelial neoplasm and cervix carcinoma and its clinical significance]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2016; 45:342-348. [PMID: 27868406 PMCID: PMC10396891 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2016.07.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression of microRNA (miRNA, miR) let-7e-3p in different cervical lesions and its clinical significance. Methods: The expression of miR-let-7e-3p in the tissues of normal cervix (n=26), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (n=37), and cervix carcinoma (n=101) were detected by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The correlation of miR-let-7e-3p expression with the clinicopathological parameters of patients with cervical cancer was analyzed. miR-let-7e-3p mimic was transfected into cervical carcinoma Siha cells. The cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry; cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 kit; and the migration and invasion of cells were determined by Transwell assay. Results: The relative expression levels of miR-let-7e-3p in normal cervix, HSIL, and cervical carcinoma were 1.45±0.24, 0.79±0.05 and 0.46±0.04, respectively (all P<0.05). After transfection with miR-let-7e-3p mimic, the S-phase fraction and apoptosis rate of Siha cells were increased significantly compared with control group[(29.76±6.6)% vs (13.38±1.3)%, P<0.05; (5.98±1.38)% vs (3.53±0.79)%, P<0.05, respectively]. OD of transfected Siha cells at 48, 72 and 96 h were 0.57±0.11,0.65±0.04 and 0.84±0.14, which were significantly lower than those of untransfected Siha cells (0.74±0.05, 0.93±0.10 and 1.47±0.14, all P<0.05). The migration and invasion abilities of transfected Siha cells were not significantly changed (all P>0.05). Conclusion: The expression of miR-let-7e-3p is down-regulated in cervical neoplasms, which is associated with cell cycle arrest and proliferation inhibition of cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Chen
- Central Laboratory, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Junfen Xu
- Central Laboratory, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Central Laboratory, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Central Laboratory, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Central Laboratory, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Weiguo Lyu
- Central Laboratory, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Shen Z, Deng H, Ye D, Zhang J, Qiu S, Li Q, Cui X. [Effect of DJ-1 silencing by RNA interference on growth of xenografted human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 cells in nude mice]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2016; 45:349-355. [PMID: 27868407 PMCID: PMC10396977 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2016.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of silencing DJ-1 on xenografted human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) Hep-2 cells in nude mice. Methods: Xenograft model of human LSCC was established by subcutaneous transplantation of Hep-2 cells in 24 nude mice. The LSCC-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 in each):DJ-1 siRNA low dose group and DJ-1 siRNA high dose group were injected in tumors with 20 μg of DJ-1 siRNA or 40 μg of DJ-1 siRNA in 50 μL, respectively; control group was injected with 5% glucose solution in 50 μL, twice a week for 3 weeks. The weight and size of tumors were measured before injection. The animals were sacrificed 48 h after the final treatment, and the tumors were harvested and weighed. The apoptosis and proliferation of tumor cells were determined; the expressions of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 in tumor specimens were detected with immunohistochemistry. The expression of DJ-1, PTEN, survivin mRNA and protein in tumor tissues were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results: Tumor weight in low dose group[(0.66±0.15)g] and high dose group[(0.48±0.11)g] were significantly lower than that in control group[(0.83±0.16)g, all P<0.05]. The inhibition rates of low dose group and high dose group were (20.48±0.18)% and (42.16±0.13)%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Caspase-3 was increased and Ki-67 was reduced in tumor specimens, compared with the control group (all P<0.05). RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that in low dose group and high dose group the mRNA and protein expression of DJ-1 and survivin significantly decreased (all P<0.05), while PTEN mRNA and protein content increased (all P<0.05). Conclusion: High dose DJ-1 siRNA can inhibit the tumor growth in human LSCC xenograft nude mouse model, which indicates that down-regulating DJ-1 and survivin, and up-regulating PTEN expression may lead to blockage of PI3K-PKB/Akt signaling pathway and promoting tumor cell apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/physiopathology
- Caspase 3/analysis
- Caspase 3/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/chemistry
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Heterografts/drug effects
- Heterografts/physiology
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/analysis
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/drug effects
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Ki-67 Antigen/drug effects
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Mice, Nude
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/analysis
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/drug effects
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/drug effects
- Protein Deglycase DJ-1/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/drug effects
- RNA Interference/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Shijie Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315040, China
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9
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Jabbari E, Sarvestani SK, Daneshian L, Moeinzadeh S. Optimum 3D Matrix Stiffness for Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells Is Dependent on Tissue Origin of Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132377. [PMID: 26168187 PMCID: PMC4500566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The growth and expression of cancer stem cells (CSCs) depend on many factors in the tumor microenvironment. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of cancer cells' tissue origin on the optimum matrix stiffness for CSC growth and marker expression in a model polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel without the interference of other factors in the microenvironment. METHODS Human MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma, HCT116 colorectal and AGS gastric carcinoma, and U2OS osteosarcoma cells were used. The cells were encapsulated in PEGDA gels with compressive moduli in the 2-70 kPa range and optimized cell seeding density of 0.6x106 cells/mL. Micropatterning was used to optimize the growth of encapsulated cells with respect to average tumorsphere size. The CSC sub-population of the encapsulated cells was characterized by cell number, tumorsphere size and number density, and mRNA expression of CSC markers. RESULTS The optimum matrix stiffness for growth and marker expression of CSC sub-population of cancer cells was 5 kPa for breast MCF7 and MDA231, 25 kPa for colorectal HCT116 and gastric AGS, and 50 kPa for bone U2OS cells. Conjugation of a CD44 binding peptide to the gel stopped tumorsphere formation by cancer cells from different tissue origin. The expression of YAP/TAZ transcription factors by the encapsulated cancer cells was highest at the optimum stiffness indicating a link between the Hippo transducers and CSC growth. The optimum average tumorsphere size for CSC growth and marker expression was 50 μm. CONCLUSION The marker expression results suggest that the CSC sub-population of cancer cells resides within a niche with optimum stiffness which depends on the cancer cells' tissue origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States of America
| | - Samaneh K. Sarvestani
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States of America
| | - Leily Daneshian
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States of America
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States of America
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10
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Gogusev J, Murakami I, Telvi L, Goguin A, Sarfati E, Jaubert F. Establishment and characterization of a human parathyroid carcinoma derived cell line. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:332-40. [PMID: 25655355 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare neoplasia associated with PTH-dependent hypercalcaemia. It is infrequent in primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and very rarely associated with uremic HPT. A continuous cell line named Pt.Kich-1 from a parathyroid carcinoma diagnosed in a patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism (II° HPTH) was established and maintained in vitro for more than 60 passages. The cells were characterized for their immunophenotypic and endocrine characteristics as well as for their functional status after treatment by the extracellular [Ca(2+)]e, and the calcium homeostasis regulator 1α,25 (OH)2D3. The cytogenetic features were established by the R-banding. The Pt.Kich-1 cultures show an aspect of admixed epithelial/mesenchymal like cells with a doubling time between 96 and 112h. The cells are immunoreactive for cytokeratin (60%), EMA (26%), vimentin (46%), E-cadherin (32%), and synaptophysin (16%), while chromogranin A was not detected. Hypotetraploid karyotype containing large chromosomal markers and double minute chromosomes was identified in 30% of the metaphases. Treatment of Pt.Kich-1 cells with 1.0mM, 1.5mM, and 1.7mM of extracellular [Ca(2+)]e increased the DNA synthesis, while the calcium homeostasis regulator, the 1α,25 (OH)2D3, at 10(-9)-10(-7)M inhibited the cell growth. The levels of PTH measured in the medium of early cultures ranging between 547 and 610pg/μg of DNA declined during the passages to a level between 6 and 12pg/μg of DNA. No effect on the PTH release by the Pt.Kich-1 cells was observed after treatment with the all-trans (ATRA) and 9-cis retinoic acid differentiation inducers. The described in vitro cellular model can serve as a useful tool to study the pathogenesis of parathyroid carcinoma and to improve the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of gland sensitivity to [Ca(2+)]e leading to PTH synthesis and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Gogusev
- Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, CNRS 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Ichiro Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Louise Telvi
- Department of Cytogenetics, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Goguin
- Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016, CNRS 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Emile Sarfati
- Service de Chirurgie Viscerale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Francis Jaubert
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Necker, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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11
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Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor Met and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathways are commonly activated in aggressive tumors and promote progression. Since both Met and HIF-1alpha proteins are heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 clients, Hsp90 inhibitors might be expected to positively impact tumor progression. Here, we systematically evaluated the inhibitory effects of the prototypical Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) on cellular processes involved in invasion and angiogenesis in T24 bladder cancer cells stimulated with HGF and chemical hypoxia. First, we demonstrated the positive feedback loop between Met and HIF-1 pathways, which serves to sustain and amplifies their signaling in T24 cells. GA downregulated Met by inhibiting new protein maturation, thereby dampening HGF signaling. HGF and chemical hypoxia with CoCl2 cooperatively promoted in vitro invasion and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, while CoCl2 but not HGF activated urokinase-type plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase 2, both of which promote invasion and angiogenesis. Low dose GA (100 nmol/L) inhibited these processes by suppressing both HGF and HIF-1 pathways. Notably, brief GA pretreatment inhibited in vitro invasion and VEGF secretion induced by HGF as effectively as did continuous treatment. Moreover, we found that GA inhibited activation of focal adhesion kinase, focal adhesion assembly, and actin reorganization induced by HGF and integrin engagement by extracellular matrix. Thus, GA widely suppresses extrinsic stimuli-induced signaling that contribute to tumor invasion and angiogenesis in this bladder carcinoma model, suggesting the utility of Hsp90 inhibitors in preventing tumor progression and metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Benzoquinones/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/physiology
- Cobalt/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Feedback, Physiological
- Female
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Focal Adhesions/drug effects
- Focal Adhesions/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/biosynthesis
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/physiology
- Integrin beta3/genetics
- Integrin beta3/physiology
- Lactams, Macrocyclic/pharmacology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/physiology
- Stress Fibers/drug effects
- Stress Fibers/ultrastructure
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Koga
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1107, USA
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12
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Du L, Fan Q, Tu B, Yan W, Tang T. Establishment and characterization of a new highly metastatic human osteosarcoma cell line derived from Saos2. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:2871-2882. [PMID: 25031706 PMCID: PMC4097260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone in adolescents and young adults. There is a shortage of tumorigenic and highly metastatic human osteosarcoma cell lines that can be used for metastasis study. Here we establish and characterize a highly metastatic human osteosarcoma cell line that is derived from Saos2 cell line based on bioluminescence. The occasional pulmonary metastatic cells developed from Saos2 were isolated, harvested, characterized and named Saos2-l. The parental Saos2 and Saos2-l cells were further characterized both in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that Saos2-l cells demonstrated increased cell adhesion, migration and invasion compared to the parental Saos2 cells. Conversely, Saos2-l cells grew at a slightly slower rate than that of the parental cells. When injected into nude mice, Saos2-l cells had a greater increase in developing pulmonary metastases compared to the parental Saos2 cells. Further transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that some gene expression were up-regulated or down-regulated in the highly metastatic Saos2-l cells, indicating possible influencing factors of metastasis. Thus, we have established and characterized a highly metastatic human osteosarcoma cell line that should serve as a valuable tool for future investigations on the pathogenesis, metastasis and potential treatments of human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200080, China
| | - Qiming Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
| | - Bing Tu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200011, China
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Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Piaskowski S, Bienkowski M, Banaszczyk M, Hulas-Bigoszewska K, Winiecka-Klimek M, Radomiak-Zaluska A, Och W, Borowiec M, Zieba J, Treda C, Rieske P. The failure in the stabilization of glioblastoma-derived cell lines: spontaneous in vitro senescence as the main culprit. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87136. [PMID: 24498027 PMCID: PMC3910690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell line analysis is an important element of cancer research. Despite the progress in glioblastoma cell culturing, the cells isolated from the majority of specimens cannot be propagated infinitely in vitro. The aim of this study was to identify the processes responsible for the stabilization failure. Therefore, we analyzed 56 primary GB cultures, 7 of which were stabilized. Our results indicate that senescence is primarily responsible for the glioblastoma cell line stabilization failure, while mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis play a minor role. Moreover, a new technical approach allowed for a more profound analysis of the senescent cells in primary cultures, including the distinction between tumor and normal cells. In addition, we observed that glioblastoma cells in primary cultures have a varied potential to undergo spontaneous in vitro senescence, which is often higher than that of the normal cells infiltrating the tumor. Thus, this is the first report of GB cells in primary cell cultures (including both monolayer and spheroid conditions) rapidly and spontaneously becoming senescent. Intriguingly, our data also suggest that nearly half of GB cell lines have a combination of TP53 mutation and CDKN2A homozygous deletion, which are considered as mutually exclusive in glioblastoma. Moreover, recognition of the mechanisms of senescence and mitotic catastrophe in glioblastoma cells may be a step towards a potential new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michal Bienkowski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Krystyna Hulas-Bigoszewska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Anna Radomiak-Zaluska
- Neurological Surgery, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Regional Specialist Hospital in Zgierz, Zgierz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Waldemar Och
- Clinical Department of Neurosurgery, The Voivodal Specialistic Hospital in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmia and Masuria, Poland
| | - Maciej Borowiec
- Department of Paediatrics, Oncology, Haematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Zieba
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Treda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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14
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Bennett HL, Stockley J, Fleming JT, Mandal R, O'Prey J, Ryan KM, Robson CN, Leung HY. Does androgen-ablation therapy (AAT) associated autophagy have a pro-survival effect in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells? BJU Int 2013; 111:672-82. [PMID: 22897391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Androgen-ablation therapy (AAT) and chemotherapy are commonly used to treat incurable prostate cancer. To improve outcome, there is major on-going research to develop more effective treatments with less toxicity. Autophagy has been suggested from previous studies to play a potential role in cell survival and may be associated with resistance to chemotherapy. Autophagy is known to be upregulated by nutrient starvation or AAT in prostate cancer. However, its functional impact is not fully known. The present study describes the potential synergism between the blockade of autophagy and AAT alone or AAT combined with taxane chemotherapy. Hence, future combined treatment options are warranted to further investigate the clinical impact of autophagy suppression as a treatment strategy. OBJECTIVE To study the cellular effects of the anti-androgen bicalutamide on autophagy and its potential impact on response to androgen-ablation therapy (AAT) alone or combined with docetaxel chemotherapy in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS LNCaP cells were treated with bicalutamide ± docetaxel, and cellular effects were assayed: lipidated LC3 (a microtubule-associated protein) for autophagy and its trafficking to fuse with lysosome; flow cytometry using propidium iodide or caspase 3 for cell death; and sulforhodamine B assay for cell growth. RESULTS Bicalutamide treatment enhanced autophagy in LNCaP cells with increased level of autophagosome coupled with an altered cellular morphology reminiscent of neuroendocrine differentiation. Consistent with the literature on the interaction between androgen receptor activation and taxane chemotherapy, bicalutamide diminished docetaxel mediated cytotoxicity. Significantly, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine significantly enhanced the efficacy cell kill mediated by AAT ± docetaxel. CONCLUSION Autophagy associated with bicalutamide treatment in LNCaP cells may have a pro-survival effect and strategy to modulate autophagy may have a potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley L Bennett
- Urology Research Laboratory, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
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15
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Pichardo S, Togtema M, Jackson R, Zehbe I, Curiel L. Influence of cell line and cell cycle phase on sonoporation transfection efficiency in cervical carcinoma cells under the same physical conditions. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2013; 60:432-435. [PMID: 23357919 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2013.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using cervical-carcinoma-derived cells as a model, the present study investigates the effects cell line and cell cycle phase have on sonoporation transfection efficiency under the same physical conditions. A plasmid expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to measure transfection efficiency. To evaluate the effect of cell type, CaSki, HeLa, and SiHa cells were sonoporated using an acoustic pressure of 1 MPa for 30 s with a duty cycle of 4.8% in the presence of the GFP plasmid. To study the effect of cell cycle phase, SiHa cells were synchronized at S-phase using a double thymidine block and sonoporated at different time points after the block. Contrast agent microbubbles were used at a 0.33% volume concentration. Results indicated that both cell line and cell cycle phase impact the transfection efficiency obtained with sonoporation.
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16
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Erdorf M, von der Ohe J, Seifert R. Impaired P2X and P2Y receptor-mediated signaling in HPRT-deficient B103 neuroblastoma cells. Neurosci Lett 2011; 504:311-5. [PMID: 21982803 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Defect of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) causes Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND), but the link between HPRT deficiency and the self-injurious behavior of LND is unknown. In a previous study (Pinto et al., J. Neurochem. 72 (2005) 1579-1586) we reported on a decrease in nucleotidase activity in membranes of several HPRT(-) cell lines and fibroblasts from LND patients. Since nucleotidases are involved in ATP-induced signal transduction, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that P2X and P2Y receptor-mediated signal transduction is impaired in HPRT deficiency. As model we studied rat B103 neuroblastoma cells. Compared to control cells, in HPRT(-) cells, NTP and NDP-induced Ca(2+) influx across the membrane and Ca(2+) mobilization from intracellular stores were impaired. Both P2X and P2Y receptors were involved in the responses. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed reduced expression of receptors P2X(3), P2X(5), P2Y(2), P2Y(4), P2Y(12), P2Y(13) and P2Y(14) in HPRT deficiency. Collectively, HPRT deficiency is associated with abnormal purinergic signaling, encompassing P2X and P2Y receptors and nucleotidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Erdorf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Germany
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17
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Fernández Larrosa PN, Ruiz Grecco M, Alvarado CV, Micenmacher S, Aguirre C, Martínez Noel G, Costas MA, Rubio MF. [Rapamycin effect on senescence and autophagy processes in human cell lines]. Medicina (B Aires) 2011; 71:238-242. [PMID: 21745772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and senescence are both processes that firstly avoid tumor development through the inhibition of proliferation of damaged cells. However, autophagy does not imply cell death, because it is also a mechanism of cell survival under stress conditions. Concerning senescence, although these cells do not proliferate, they produce growth factors that contribute to the proliferative response of other cells. Rapamycin is an immunosupressor used in transplanted patients that inhibits the mTOR transduction signal pathway. This pathway is involved in the control of the energetic and nutritional state of the cell allowing protein synthesis and inhibiting autophagy when it is active. In this paper, the action of rapamycin over these processes was investigated and we found that a low concentration of this drug induces the senescence of a normal cell line, while a higher concentration induces autophagy of a transformed cell line. We have also determined that the oncogen RAC3 inhibits autophagy and that its expression is diminished by rapamycin. Therefore, our results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which this drug is effective, given the relevance of rapamycin for potential tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo N Fernández Larrosa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Apoptosis, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IDIM-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Maldonado ME, Bousserouel S, Gossé F, Lobstein A, Raul F. Implication of NF-κB and p53 in the expression of TRAIL-death receptors and apoptosis by apple procyanidins in human metastatic SW620 cells. Biomedica 2010; 30:577-586. [PMID: 21713362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-NF-κ) has been shown to upregulate pro-apoptotic mediators such as TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 receptors and the p53 transcription factor depending on the type of stimulus and the cell type involved. Previously, apple procyanidins (Pcy) have been shown to upregulate the expression of TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 and thereby overcoming the resistance of human colon cancer-derived metastatic SW620 cells to TRAIL. OBJECTIVES NF-κB and p53 were investigated for their involvement in the Pcy-triggered apoptosis of human derived-metastatic colon cancer (SW620) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell death, p53, TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 proteins were analyzed by flow cytometry. DR4/DR5 mRNA was analyzed by RT-PCR in real time. Activated p50/p65 and p53 forms were studied by ELISA and immunoblotting RESULTS Pcy-triggered cell death was prevented by specific inhibitors of NF-κB and of p53: amino-4-(4-phenoxy-phenylethylamino) quinazoline (QNZ) and pifithrin α (Pα), respectively. QNZ and Pα inhibited the Pcy-dependent activation of TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 death receptors. However, the upregulation of TRAIL-DR4 by Pcy was significantly decreased only when NF-κB and p53 inhibitors were used in combination; this effect was not observed with a single inhibitor. This effect was not observed for TRAIL-DR5 and suggested that the expression of each TRAIL-death receptor may be regulated differently. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that NF-κB and p53 are partially required in Pcy-triggered apoptosis of SW620 cells by up-regulating the expression of TRAIL-DR4/-DR5. In addition, the ratio between TRAIL-DR4/-DR5 may be a determining factor in the activation of TRAIL-death receptor mediated apoptosis.
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Abstract
In recent years, DNA microarray has become increasingly popular as a tool to investigate global expression patterns compared to differential display RT-PCR. Although differential display RT-PCR can be labour-intensive, it has its own merits over those of DNA microarray. While the latter usually consists of a well-defined set of species-specific genes, differential display RT-PCR allows the investigation of host-microbe interactions without bias towards any mRNA transcripts. This means that the regulated transcript expression of both host and pathogen can be analysed simultaneously. In addition, novel transcripts and alternate splicing variants pertaining to the infection can also be discovered. We have investigated the response of rhabdomyosarcoma cells to infection with a neurovirulent strain of enterovirus 71 (EV71) at different time-points during the infection process compared with uninfected cells. Using differential display RT-PCR, we identified mRNAs that were up- or down-regulated. Less than half of the clones match known genes including those involved in mediating the cytoskeleton, cell cycle, cell death, protein translational machinery and cellular transport. The rest of the clones do not match any known genes, of which several are novel genes. Noteworthy is the discovery of an alternate splicing form of TRIP7, which is down-regulated during EV71 infection. The differential display technique has potentially wide applicability to elucidate the gene expression or transcriptomic profiles of host-microbe interactions, which can provide a better understanding of microbial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leong Wai Fook
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
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Idibie CA, Davids H, Iyuke SE. Cytotoxicity of purified cassava linamarin to a selected cancer cell lines. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009; 30:261-9. [PMID: 17566787 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-007-0122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a known source of linamarin, but difficulties associated with its isolation have prevented it from being exploited as a major source. A batch adsorption process using activated carbon proved successful in its isolation, with ultrafiltration playing a pivotal role in its purification. Thirty-two minutes of contact time was required for 60 g of extract, yielding 1.7 g of purified product. Picrate paper, infra-red and 'HNMR analysis confirmed the presence and structure of linamarin. Cytotoxic effects of linamarin on MCF-7, HT-29 and HL60 cells were determined using the MTT assay. Cytotoxic effects were significantly increased in the presence of linamarase (P-glucosidase), with a 10-fold decrease in the IC50 values obtained for HL-60 cells. This study thus describes a method for the isolation and purification of linamarin from cassava, as well as its cytotoxicity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Avwoghokoghene Idibie
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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21
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Xu M, Myerson RJ, Hunt C, Kumar S, Moros EG, Straube WL, Roti Roti JL. Transfection of human tumour cells with Mre11 siRNA and the increase in radiation sensitivity and the reduction in heat-induced radiosensitization. Int J Hyperthermia 2009; 20:157-62. [PMID: 15195510 DOI: 10.1080/02656730310001625986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) are potentially lethal DNA lesions induced by ionizing radiation. In eukaryotes, DSBs can be repaired by homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). DNA repair protein Mre11 participates in both the NHEJ and HR DNA repair pathways. Hyperthermia has been used clinically as a radiosensitizer. However, the mechanisms by which radiosensitization is induced by hyperthermia, especially moderate hyperthermia (41 degrees C) are not fully understood. Previous studies suggest that 41 degrees C reduces the nuclear Mre11 protein level in a manner that correlates with heat-induced changes in radiation sensitivity. Therefore, siRNA technology was used in the present study to reduce Mre11 gene expression to determine if reduced Mre11 protein levels induced radiosensitization and if such radiosensitization is similar to that induced by moderate hyperthermia. The results show that (1) the cellular level of the Mre11 protein was reduced about 60 +/- 18% by a 24-h treatment with siRNA. Results from the Mre11 protein turnover assay showed a half-life of 11.6 +/- 0.5 h for the Mre11 protein, which is consistent with reduction in protein level in 24 h after Mre11 siRNA treatment assuming a delay of 4-8 h to reduce RNA levels. After 48 h in siRNA, cellular Mre11 protein levels increased to approximately pretreatment levels. NSY cells were sensitized to ionizing radiation after 24 h of treatment with Mre11 siRNA. Two hours at 41 degrees C did not increase the radiation sensitivity of cells with a reduced Mre11 protein level following a 24-h siRNA treatment. These data support the conclusion that the DSB repair protein, Mre11, appears to be a target for radiosensitization by moderate hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Xu
- Radiation Oncology Department, Radiation and Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
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22
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Huang L, Dong L, Chen Y, Qi H, Xiao D. Effects of Sinusoidal Magnetic Field Observed on Cell Proliferation, Ion Concentration, and Osmolarity in Two Human Cancer Cell Lines. Electromagn Biol Med 2009; 25:113-26. [PMID: 16771300 DOI: 10.1080/15368370600719067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Low frequency magnetic fields have previously been shown to affect cell functions. In this article, the effects of 20 mT, 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field on cell proliferation, ion concentration, and osmolarity in two human cancer cell lines (HL-60 and SK-Hep-1) were investigated. Inhibition of cell growth was observed. On the other hand, the exposure also increased the Na+, K+ ion concentration and osmolarity in cell supernatant compared to the control group. To our knowledge, this is the first study on cancer cells where magnetic fields affect osmolarity in cell supernatant. In addition, a model of cells exposed to the oscillating magnetic field is described as well as the characteristics of ions in and out of cells. The experimental data appears to be consistent with the theoretical analysis. The results are also discussed in terms of the relationships among cell growth, ion concentration, and osmolarity. Magnetic field inhibitions of cell growth in vitro may relate to changes in cell ion concentration and osmolarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhen Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Fael Al-Mayhani TM, Ball SLR, Zhao JW, Fawcett J, Ichimura K, Collins PV, Watts C. An efficient method for derivation and propagation of glioblastoma cell lines that conserves the molecular profile of their original tumours. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 176:192-9. [PMID: 19215724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that glioma stem-like cells are more representative of their parent tumours when cultured under defined serum-free conditions with the mitogens epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). However, culturing these cells as free-floating spheroids can result in difficulty in efficiently deriving and propagating cell lines. We have combined neurosphere and monolayer culture techniques to improve the efficiency with which cells can be derived from clinical tumour samples under defined serum-free conditions. We have applied our protocol to consecutive samples of glioblastoma to show that they can form experimental tumours that recapitulate many of the histological features of the parent tumour. We go on to show that the tumour initiating cells also retain the cytogenetic abnormalities of the parent tumour. Finally we examined the cell lines for expression of markers associated with neural stem cells. Our results confirm the expression of transcription factors associated with neural patterning and specification including Sox2, Olig2, Pax6 and Nkx2.2. We went on to establish that these factors were also expressed in the parent tumour indicating that their expression was not a function of our culture conditions. The Cambridge Protocol is an efficient method of deriving stem-like tumour initiating cells from glioblastoma. Improving the efficiency of derivation will facilitate the improvement of in vitro and in vivo model systems to study disease mechanisms, screen drugs and develop novel therapeutic approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal M Fael Al-Mayhani
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, United Kingdom.
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Verheul RJ, Amidi M, van Steenbergen MJ, van Riet E, Jiskoot W, Hennink WE. Influence of the degree of acetylation on the enzymatic degradation and in vitro biological properties of trimethylated chitosans. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3129-35. [PMID: 19339046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan derivatives such as N,N,N-trimethylated chitosan (TMC) are currently being investigated for the delivery of drugs, vaccines and genes. However, the influence of the extent of N-acetylation of these polymers on their enzymatic degradability and biological properties is unknown. In this study, TMCs with a degree of acetylation (DA) ranging from 11 to 55% were synthesized by using a three-step method. First, chitosan was partially re-acetylated using acetic anhydride followed by quantitative dimethylation using formaldehyde and sodium borohydrate. Then, in presence of an excess amount of iodomethane, TMC was synthesized. The TMCs obtained by this method showed neither detectable O-methylation nor loss in acetyl groups ((1)H NMR) and a slight increase in molecular weight (GPC) with increasing degree of substitution, implying that no chain scission occurred during synthesis. The extent of lysozyme-catalyzed degradation of TMC, and that of its precursors chitosan and dimethyl chitosan, was highly dependent on the DA and polymers with the highest DA showed the largest decrease in molecular weight. On Caco-2 cells, TMCs with a high DA ( approximately 50%), a DQ of around 44% and with or without O-methylated groups, were not able to open tight junctions in the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay, in contrast with TMCs (both O-methylated and O-methyl free; concentration 2.5mg/ml) with a similar DQ but a lower DA which were able to reduce the TEER with 30 and 70%, respectively. Additionally, TMCs with a high DA ( approximately 50%) demonstrated no cell toxicity (MTT, LDH release) up to a concentration of 10mg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf J Verheul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, PO Box 80082, Utrecht 3508 TB, The Netherlands
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Valaskova Z, Lackovicova L, Vrabcova M, Bizik J, Perzelova A, Macikova I, Danihel L, Kinova S, Buckingham T, Hulin I. Does incorporation of gene for green fluorescent protein in BP6 fibrosarcoma tumor cells depress their intraperitoneal growth in rats? (In honour of Nobel Prize laureates 2008--Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien). BRATISL MED J 2009; 110:127-132. [PMID: 19507630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript was in honour of Nobel Prize in chemistry "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP" to Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, and Roger Y. Tsien, simultaneously a brief information about experience with GFP in experimental tumorigenesis used this study is also presented. The experimental data have showed that BP6 cells incorporated with GFP gene have had smaller ability to induce both experimental intraperitoneal and subcutaneous tumor process. It was anticipated that incorporation of GFP gene might change physiological properties of cytoskeleton and worsen adhesive characteristics of tumor cells. It was also supposed that aftertime GFP will enable to monitor proliferation of cells not only within experimental work, but also in human medicine. GFP could help (supposedly) as reporter of proliferation, but also can serve as "target" for guide of tumorigenesis inhibiting substances. These ideas which are consequences of our experiments we append as congratulation to Nobel Prize in chemistry of the 2008 (Fig. 2, Ref. 44). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Valaskova
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Loja T, Chlapek P, Kuglik P, Pesakova M, Oltova A, Cejpek P, Veselska R. Characterization of a GM7 glioblastoma cell line showing CD133 positivity and both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of nestin. Oncol Rep 2009; 21:119-127. [PMID: 19082452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly established GM7 cell line was derived from the tumor tissue of a 65-year-old man surgically treated for a relapse of glioblastoma multiforme that occurred 10 months after first surgery following radiotherapy. GM7 cells exhibit spindle or glia-like morphology, and multinucleated giant cells are also present in the culture. The cells proliferate rapidly (PDT is about 18 h) and tend to grow in multilayer without contact inhibition. Using G-banding and SKY, the GM7 cell line was identified as near-triploid with a large number of structural and numerical abnormalities. Repeated karyotyping during long-term cultivation confirmed a chromosome number of 70+/-3 chromosomes per cell. Special attention was paid to the immunocytochemical analysis of protein markers in this cell line; GM7 cells showed strong positivity for CD133, vimentin, nestin, NF-160 and S-100 protein and weak positivity for GFAP and NSE, but were negative for synaptophysin. The most important features of the GM7 cell line are its stable phenotype CD133+/nestin+, which are accepted as stem cell markers in neural stem/progenitor cells, and especially unusual intracellular localization of the IF protein nestin, which was detected and repeatedly confirmed both in the cytoplasm and cell nucleus. For this reason, the new GM7 glioblastoma cell line represents an important model suitable not only for further studies on glioblastoma biology and cancer stem cells, but particularly for the detailed investigation of the role of nestin in transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Loja
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Institute of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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Wu F, Ivanov I, Xu R, Safe S. Role of SP transcription factors in hormone-dependent modulation of genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: microarray and RNA interference studies. J Mol Endocrinol 2009; 42:19-33. [PMID: 18952783 PMCID: PMC2642616 DOI: 10.1677/jme-08-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
17beta-estradiol (E(2)) binds estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) in MCF-7 cells and increases cell proliferation and survival through induction or repression of multiple genes. ESR1 interactions with DNA-bound specificity protein (SP) transcription factors is a nonclassical genomic estrogenic pathway and the role of SP transcription factors in mediating hormone-dependent activation or repression of genes in MCF-7 cells was investigated by microarrays and RNA interference. MCF-7 cells were transfected with a nonspecific oligonucleotide or a cocktail of small inhibitory RNAs (iSP), which knockdown SP1, SP3, and SP4 proteins, and treated with dimethylsulfoxide or 10 nM E(2) for 6 h. E(2) induced 62 and repressed 134 genes and the induction or repression was reversed in approximately 62% of the genes in cells transfected with iSP (ESR1/SP dependent), whereas hormonal activation or repression of the remaining genes was unaffected by iSP (SP independent). Analysis of the ESR1/SP-dependent and SP-independent genes showed minimal overlap with respect to the GO terms (functional processes) in genes induced or repressed, suggesting that the different genomic pathways may contribute independently to the hormone-induced phenotype in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Chandrashekar NS, Prasanth VV. Clinical evaluation of 5-fluorouracil from transdermal patches on EAC and DLA cell-induced tumors in mice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2008; 9:437-440. [PMID: 18990017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was formulate and clinically evaluate 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) transdermal patches. Cytotoxicity was measured by exposing cell suspensions to increasing concentrations of drug from 10-100 microg/ml and performing viable cell counts by the trypan blue exclusion method. Results confirmed 100 infinity g/ml and 50 microg/ ml of 5-FU to be cytotoxic to EAC and DLA cells. In mice, increase in the life span (ILS) by 87.1% with a maximum survival time of 30.5+/-1.87 days was found with EAC cell-induced tumors, with an ILS of 88.1% and a maximum survival time of 39.5+/-1.87 days for DLA cell-induced lesions with 5-FU transdermal patches. The results were statistically significant (p<0.01) compared to untreated controls. Pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits showed a t1/2 of 29+/-6 min, a Cmax (ng/ml) of 978.23, an AUC0-infinity (ng/ml/h) of 1213.73 +/-14 and a Tmax (h) of 0.5. 5-FU from transdermal patches exhibited a half-life of 95+/-0.5 min, a Cmax (ng/ml) of 863.25, an AUC0-infinity (ng/ml/h) of 1567+/-36 and a Tmax (h) of 1.5. Velcro protection jackets proved suitable in this study to stop mice licking, scratching and rubbing applied patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Chandrashekar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Near Lalbagh Main Gate, Bangalore, India.
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Neildez-Nguyen TMA, Parisot A, Vignal C, Rameau P, Stockholm D, Picot J, Allo V, Le Bec C, Laplace C, Paldi A. Epigenetic gene expression noise and phenotypic diversification of clonal cell populations. Differentiation 2007; 76:33-40. [PMID: 17825084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2007.00219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous emergence of phenotypic heterogeneity in cultures of genetically identical cells is a frequently observed phenomenon that provides a simple in vitro experimental system to model the problems of in vivo differentiation. In the present study, we have investigated whether stochastic variation of gene expression levels could contribute to phenotypic change in human cells. We have applied the two fluorescence-coding gene method and the expression variability of the two reporter genes to human cells in culture. We have quantified the portion of gene expression variation determined by global, promoter-specific, or by epigenetic sources. These two types of variation appear to contribute, in different ways, to the phenotypic diversification of clonal cell populations. Global, or promoter-specific, gene expression noise increases with cellular stress and contributes to the emergence of cellular diversity by diversifying the gene-expression levels. Epigenetic mechanisms act to increase the robustness of the cellular state by stabilizing gene transcription levels or by reinforcing the silenced state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi My Anh Neildez-Nguyen
- GENETHON, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8115 1 bis, rue de l'Internationale, 91002 Evry, France
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Guo QC, Shen JN, Jin S, Wang J, Huang G, Zhang LJ, Huang G, Yin JQ, Zou CY, Li MT. Comparative proteomic analysis of human osteosarcoma and SV40-immortalized normal osteoblastic cell lines. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:850-8. [PMID: 17506944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Comparative proteomics provide a powerful approach in screening for alterations in protein levels and post-translational modifications that are associated with tumors. In the present study, we aimed to identify candidate biomarkers to distinguish osteosarcoma (OS) cells from normal osteoblastic cells. METHODS We employed 3 OS cell lines (U2OS, IOR/OS9, and SaOS-2), and used the SV40-immortalized normal osteoblastic cell line (hFOB1.19) as the control. The differential protein levels in OS and osteoblastic cells were identified using 2-D gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analyses. Two proteins of interest, the levels of which were significantly increased in OS cells, were further characterized by Western blot analyses. RESULTS Twenty-six proteins were identified, the expression level of which was either significantly increased or decreased in the OS cells as compared to the control cells. The expression level of the activator of 90 kDa shock protein ATPase homolog 1 (AHA1), was enhanced 12.4-, 24.1-, and 23.8-fold in SaOS-2, IOR/OS9, and U2OS cells, respectively, and the level of the stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2) was increased by 10.4- and 7.8-fold in IOR/OS9 and U2OS cells, respectively, as compared to normal osteoblastic cells. Those observations were confirmed by Western blot analyses. CONCLUSION A differential proteomic analysis was successfully used to identify AHA1 and SLP-2 that were significantly overproduced in OS cells as compared to normal osteoblastic cells, suggesting that those proteins among others may be effective biomarker candidates for the identification of OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Chen Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Peter C, Kielstein JT, Clarke-Katzenberg R, Adams MC, Pitsiouni M, Kambham N, Karimi MA, Kengatharan KM, Cooke JP. A Novel Bioluminescent Tumor Model of Human Renal Cancer Cell Lines: An In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization. J Urol 2007; 177:2342-6. [PMID: 17509355 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bioluminescent imaging permits sensitive in vivo detection and quantification of cells engineered to emit light. We developed a bioluminescent human renal cancer cell line for in vitro and in vivo studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS The 2 human renal cell carcinoma cell lines SN12-C and SN12-L1 were stably transfected to constitutively express luciferase using a retroviral shuttle. The bioluminescent signal was correlated with tumor cell numbers in vitro. Parental and transfected cells were compared by growth kinetics and histology. Tumor burden after heterotopic injection in immune deficient mice was monitored up to 39 days. The kinetics of the bioluminescent signal was evaluated for 1 to 60 minutes following luciferin injection. RESULTS Bioengineered renal cancer cell lines stably expressed luciferase. The growth kinetics of the cells in vitro and the histology of tumors resulting from implantation of these cells were unaffected by retroviral transfection with the luciferase gene. As few as 1,000 cells could be reliably detected. The intensity of the bioluminescent signal correlated with the number of tumor cells in vitro. Photon emission in vivo and ex vivo correlated significantly with tumor weight at sacrifice. After intraperitoneal injection of luciferin there was a time dependent change in the intensity of the bioluminescent signal with maximum photon emission at 20 minutes (optimal 17 to 25). CONCLUSIONS Luciferase transfected human renal cancer lines allow reliable, rapid, noninvasive and longitudinal monitoring of tumor growth in vivo. The ability to assess tumor development in vivo with time is economical and effective compared to end point data experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Peter
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
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Smith EB, Schwartz M, Kawamoto H, You X, Hwang D, Liu H, Scherr DS. Antitumor Effects of Imidazoquinolines in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder. J Urol 2007; 177:2347-51. [PMID: 17509356 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Imidazoquinolines (Toll-like receptor-7 agonists) are a class of synthetic immune modulating agents. Imiquimod, a member of this drug family, is currently used as first line topical therapy for genital condyloma. It recently showed clinical efficacy against several benign and malignant skin lesions, including actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma. Working primarily through the stimulation of a proinflammatory immune response, the mechanism of action of imiquimod may be similar to that through which bacillus Calmette-Guerin is thought to act. We hypothesized that imidazoquinolines have therapeutic potential against bladder cancer. We determined the in vitro and in vivo effects of imidazoquinolines against bladder cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human and murine J82, T24, TCC-SUP (American Tissue Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia) and MBT-2 bladder cancer cell lines were cultured in normal culture medium or medium supplemented with imidazoquinoline. Effects on cell viability, apoptosis induction and cytokine production were evaluated. In addition, the effects of imidazoquinoline on in vivo bladder tumor growth were determined via intravesical instillation in an orthotopic bladder tumor model in the mouse. RESULTS A dose dependent decrease in cell viability was observed in all tumor cell lines treated with imidazoquinoline. In addition, imidazoquinoline significantly induced apoptosis and cytokine production. In in vivo experiments most mice treated with imidazoquinoline showed only an intense inflammatory response with no evidence of tumor, while control mice showed tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Imidazoquinolines have potent direct activity against bladder cancer cells by decreasing cell viability and inducing apoptosis and cytokine production. In addition, in vivo data suggest antitumor effects in an orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model. Therefore, imidazoquinolines may have therapeutic potential as a synthetic intravesical agent against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Smith
- Department of Urology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Abstract
AIM To investigate whether a similar process mediates cytotoxicity of 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3, edelfosine) in both yeasts and human tumor cells. METHODS A modified version of a previously described assay for the intracellular conversion of nitro blue tetrazolium to formazan by superoxide anion was used to measure the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoptotic yeast cells were detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. DNA fragmentation and the generation of ROS were measured by cytofluorimetric analysis in Jurkat cells. RESULTS Edelfosine induced apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as assessed by TUNEL assay. Meanwhile, edelfosine induced a time- and concentration-dependent generation of ROS in yeasts. Rotenone, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, prevented ROS generation and apoptosis in response to edelfosine in S cerevisiae. alpha-Tocopherol abrogated the edelfosine-induced generation of intracellular ROS and apoptosis. Edelfosine also induced an increase of ROS in human leukemic cells that preceded apoptosis. The overexpression of Bcl-2 by gene transfer abrogated both ROS generation and apoptosis induced by edelfosine in leukemic cells. Changes in the relative mitochondrial membrane potential were detected in both yeasts and Jurkat cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate that edelfosine induces apoptosis in yeasts in addition to human tumor cells, and this apoptotic process involves mitochondria, likely through mitochondrial-derived ROS. These data also suggest that yeasts can be used as a suitable cell model in elucidating the antitumor mechanism of action of edelfosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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34
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Abstract
Iron is required for the differentiation of HL-60 cells along the monocyte lineage in vitro, reflecting a requirement for iron in the transcriptional induction of the p21(WAF1/CIP1) gene. To determine if the same requirement holds true for differentiation in other cell lineages and for primary human CD34(+) bone marrow precursor cells, we induced granulocyte differentiation by treating HL-60 cells with dimethyl sulphoxide, and erythroid or megakaryocytic differentiation by treating K562 cells with butyrate or phorbol myristate acetate, respectively. Nitro blue tetrazolium reduction, expression of haem, or expression of CD41 was used to assess granulocytic, erythroid, or megakaryocytic differentiation respectively. Purified CD34(+) cells were cultured with granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor and stem cell factor to induce myelomonocytic differentiation. Iron deprivation was induced by desferrioxamine. p21(WAF1/CIP1) antisense oligonucleotides were used to inhibit p21 expression. Iron deprivation blocked p21 induction as judged by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. In addition, both iron deprivation and p21 antisense blocked CD34(+) cell differentiation. These observations were not explained by induction of widespread apoptosis under conditions of iron deprivation. We concluded that both iron and functional p21(WAF1/CIP1) are required for in vitro differentiation of human haematopoietic precursors along multiple cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Alcantara
- Medicine/Hematology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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35
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Abstract
A new cardenolide, 3-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl)acovenosigenin A (1), was isolated from the roots of Streptocaulon griffithii, together with eight known cardenolides, compounds 2-9. All compounds showed significant in vitro inhibition of the proliferation of the human gastrointestinal cancer cell line HGC-27, with IC50 values in the range of ca. 20-564 nM, taxol being used as positive control. Compound 1 was also found to be strongly cytotoxic against other human tumor cell lines, including A549, MCF-7, and Hela cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Iguchi K, Ishii K, Nakano T, Otsuka T, Usui S, Sugimura Y, Hirano K. Isolation and characterization of LNCaP sublines differing in hormone sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 28:670-8. [PMID: 17409465 DOI: 10.2164/jandrol.107.002675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease with varying degrees of androgen sensitivity. In this study, we performed a limiting dilution of human prostate LNCaP cells, and isolated two sublines, LNCaP-E9 and LNCaP-G4, with differential hormone-sensitivity. Two LNCaP sublines were obtained by the limiting dilution method. The growth of E9 cells was decreased in the presence of androgens, while that of androgen-treated G4 cells was biphasic. Although the androgen receptor expression level in E9 cells was similar to that seen in G4 cells, the expression of PSA mRNA and protein was significantly lower in the E9 cells. Moreover, the androgen-based stimulation of PSA mRNA expression was less sensitive in E9 cells than G4 cells. Intracellular zinc level did not differ between E9 and G4 cells, but ZnT3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the E9 cells. When the cells were grafted at the subrenal capsule, the number of CD31-positive vessels with a lumen was approximately 2.5 times higher than that in G4 tumors. LNCaP-E9 cells show lower androgen sensitivity than LNCaP-G4 cells. E9 and G4 cells would be helpful for understanding the biology of hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Iguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-higashi, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
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37
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Zahm JM, Hazgui S, Matos M, Ben Seddik A, Nawrocki Raby B, Polette M, Birembaut P, Bonnet N. Quantitative videomicroscopic analysis of the sociologic behavior of non-invasive and invasive tumor cell lines. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2007; 52:54-60. [PMID: 17543210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the spatial distribution of tumor cell lines with different invasive properties, we used time-lapse videomicroscopic recordings associated with software programs we have developed for quantification. We observed that non-invasive tumor cells rapidly formed small clusters which aggregated to form larger clusters, whereas highly invasive tumor cells remained isolated and did not form clusters. An attraction index computed from a cellular automaton model was used to quantify the degree of attraction-repulsion between cells. The results suggest that the cluster formation by noninvasive cells is not related to a global attraction model and that the random (dispersed) distribution of invasive cells is not related to cell repulsion. According to these results, we can conclude that random cell movement combined with the intrinsic properties of cells explains the phenomenon of cluster formation.
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38
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Mittenberg AG, Moiseeva TN, Pugacheva IV, Kulichkova VA, Tsimokha AS, Gauze LN, Konstantinova IM. [Regulation of the 26S proteasomes' endoribonuclease activity specificity in k562 cells under effect of differentiation and apoptosis inductors]. Tsitologiia 2007; 49:142-8. [PMID: 17432599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The specificity of 26S proteasomes' endoribonuclease activity has been shown to be changed under effect of erythroid differentiation (hemin) and programmed cell death (diethylmaleate) inductors in proerythroleukemic K562 cells. Treatment of K562 cells with apoptosis and differentiation inductors leads to the specific stimulation of RNase activity towards certain mRNA and to reduction of proteasome RNase activity towards other mRNA. The enzymatic activity under study has been demonstrated to be specifically and selectively dependent on phosphorylation of 26S proteasome subunits as well as on Mg and Ca ions. The conclusion is drawn that the specificity of the proteasomes' RNAse activity is regulated during differentiation and apoptosis, and selective regulation of the activity of different nuclease centers is suggested, the mechanism involving changes in phosphorylation of proteasome subunits and cation homeostasis.
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Romanovskaia AA, Nikandrov VN. [Effects of plasminogen, streptokinase and their equimolar complexes with pyruvate kinase on the human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells]. Tsitologiia 2007; 49:656-663. [PMID: 17926561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The system of extracellular proteolysing, consists of plasminogen (PGn), its active protease (plasmin), PGn activation and PGn activators inhibitors, influences the nervous tissue functions, their growth, differentiation and proliferation in both, normal and pathological conditions. The purpose of the investigation was to study the effects of exogenous PGn, its activator streptokinase (SK), PK and their equimolar complex on the morpho-functional state neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells. PGn, SK, PK and their complexes stimulated cells proliferation during 1-3 days of incubation, shown by cell quantity increase. We also observed DNA, RNA and protein increase. The low lactate dehydrogenase efflux was evidence of that an addition of the proteins under investigation in the culture medium prevented the development of degenerative alterations connected with serum deprivation. The levels of extracellular PGn-activator activity, as measured by the biochemical fibrinolytic assay, increased over SK. This SK effect vanished on the 3rd day when SK formed complexes with PK. New original facts obtained testify the probability of initiation of neoplastic transformation and tumor growth potentiation.
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40
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Kim MJ, Oh SJ, Park SH, Kang HJ, Won MH, Kang TC, Hwang IK, Park JB, Kim JI, Kim J, Lee JY. Hypoxia-induced cell death of HepG2 cells involves a necrotic cell death mediated by calpain. Apoptosis 2006; 12:707-18. [PMID: 17195093 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate mechanism of cell death in response to hypoxia, we attempted to compare hypoxia-induced cell death of HepG2 cells with cisplatin-induced cell death, which has been well characterized as a typical apoptosis. Cell death induced by hypoxia turned out to be different from cisplatin-mediated apoptosis in cell viability and cleavage patterns of caspases. Hypoxia-induced cell death was not associated with the activation of p53 while cisplatin-induced apoptosis is p53 dependent. In order to explain these differences, we tested involvement of micro-calpain and m-calpain in hypoxia-induced cell death. Calpains, especially micro-calpain, were initially cleaved by hypoxia, but not by cisplatin. Interestingly, the treatment of a calpain inhibitor restored PARP cleavage that was absent during hypoxia, indicating the recovery of activated caspase-3. The inhibition of calpains prevented proteolysis induced by hypoxia. In addition, hypoxia resulted in a necrosis-like morphology while cisplatin induced an apoptotic morphology. The calpain inhibitor prevented necrotic morphology induced by hypoxia and converted partially to apoptotic morphology with nuclear segmentation. Our result suggests that calpains are involved in hypoxia-induced cell death that is likely to be necrotic in nature and the inhibition of calpain switches hypoxia-induced cell death to apoptotic cell death without affecting cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Okchon-dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-702, Korea
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41
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Son G, Hirano T, Seki E, Iimuro Y, Nukiwa T, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Fujimoto J. Blockage of HGF/c-Met system by gene therapy (adenovirus-mediated NK4 gene) suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. J Hepatol 2006; 45:688-95. [PMID: 16839638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Revised: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatocyte growth factor promotes cancer development through cell motility-promoting and angiogenic effects. NK4, a fragment of hepatocyte growth factor, acts as its receptor antagonist. We assessed effects of NK4 gene therapy against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HUH7) transplanted into mice. METHODS NK4 gene transduction was mediated by adenovirus (AdCMV.NK4). LacZ expression adenovirus (AdCMV.LacZ) was used as a control. NK4 effects on HUH7 cells first were studied in vitro. Subcutaneous HUH7 tumors established in athymic nude mice were injected with AdCMV.NK4 (n=6) or AdCMV.Lacz (n=6). Finally, after HUH7 cells were injected into the portal vein in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency to establish hepatic tumors, mice systemically were injected with AdCMV.NK4 (n=6) or AdCMV.LacZ (n=6). RESULTS NK4 inhibited hepatocyte growth factor-induced phosphorylation of c-Met in HUH7 cells. Invasion and migration of HUH7 cells were inhibited by NK4 transfection, which also suppressed growth of transplanted subcutaneous and liver tumors (p<0.001, p<0.01 respectively), and improved mouse survival (p<0.05). Angiogenesis assessed by small vessel density was significantly decreased in the NK4-treated group. CONCLUSIONS NK4 inhibited tumor cell motility and angiogenesis, greatly suppressing growth of HUH7 tumors transplanted into mouse liver. NK4 gene therapy thus showed apparent promise for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gakuhei Son
- First Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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42
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Tran NL, McDonough WS, Savitch BA, Fortin SP, Winkles JA, Symons M, Nakada M, Cunliffe HE, Hostetter G, Hoelzinger DB, Rennert JL, Michaelson JS, Burkly LC, Lipinski CA, Loftus JC, Mariani L, Berens ME. Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor-Inducible 14 Expression Levels Promote Glioma Cell Invasion via Rac1 and Nuclear Factor-κB and Correlate with Poor Patient Outcome. Cancer Res 2006; 66:9535-42. [PMID: 17018610 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glial tumors progress to malignant grades by heightened proliferation and relentless dispersion throughout the central nervous system. Understanding genetic and biochemical processes that foster these behaviors is likely to reveal specific and effective targets for therapeutic intervention. Our current report shows that the fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, is expressed at high levels in migrating glioma cells in vitro and invading glioma cells in vivo. Forced Fn14 overexpression stimulates glioma cell migration and invasion, and depletion of Rac1 by small interfering RNA inhibits this cellular response. Activation of Fn14 signaling by the ligand TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) stimulates migration and up-regulates expression of Fn14; this TWEAK effect requires Rac1 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity. The Fn14 promoter region contains NF-kappaB binding sites, which mediate positive feedback causing sustained overexpression of Fn14 and enduring glioma cell invasion. Furthermore, Fn14 gene expression levels increase with glioma grade and inversely correlate with patient survival. These results show that the Fn14 cascade operates as a positive feedback mechanism for elevated and sustained Fn14 expression. Such a feedback loop argues for aggressive targeting of the Fn14 axis as a unique and specific driver of glioma malignant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan L Tran
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Oertl A, Relja B, Makarevic J, Weich E, Höfler S, Jones J, Jonas D, Bratzke H, Baer PC, Blaheta RA. Altered expression of beta1 integrins in renal carcinoma cell lines exposed to the differentiation inducer valproic acid. Int J Mol Med 2006; 18:347-54. [PMID: 16820945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney. Adhesion receptors of the beta1 integrin family are assumed to be involved in carcinogenesis, but it is not clear how they contribute to RCC progression. In an in vitro model, we evaluated growth and adhesion capacity of Caki-I and KTC-26 kidney carcinoma cell lines compared to normal renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTC). alpha1-alpha6beta1 integrin subunits in malignant and non-malignant cells were evaluated by Western blotting and RT-PCR, integrin surface expression was measured by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Additionally, tumor cells were allowed to re-differentiate in the presence of valproic acid (VPA) and dynamic alterations of the integrin profile were analyzed. Caki-I and KTC-26 were characterized by accelerated proliferation and adhesion to an endothelial cell monolayer, compared to PTC cells. The integrin beta1 repertoire in RCC cell lines was significantly different from that detected in PTC, and included down-regulated alpha2 and alpha6, but up-regulated alpha1, alpha3 and alpha5 proteins. VPA application reduced tumor malignancy which was evidenced by reduced cell growth and adhesion capacity. The reduction in tumor malignancy was paralleled by the integrin expression profile of renal tumor cells 'matching' the pattern seen in PTC. We assume that a sensitive integrin balance exists in normal renal epithelial cells, and that dysregulation of the 'physiological' receptor equipment drives these cells towards malignancy. VPA acted on all investigated integrin subtypes and restored the receptor pattern typical for non-malignant cells. Therefore, VPA may represent a novel therapeutic option in RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Oertl
- Zentrum der Chirurgie, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, J.W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Szatmári T, Lumniczky K, Désaknai S, Trajcevski S, Hídvégi EJ, Hamada H, Sáfrány G. Detailed characterization of the mouse glioma 261 tumor model for experimental glioblastoma therapy. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:546-53. [PMID: 16734735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse glioma 261 (Gl261) cells are used frequently in experimental glioblastoma therapy; however, no detailed description of the Gl261 tumor model is available. Here we present that Gl261 cells carry point mutations in the K-ras and p53 genes. Basal major histocompatibility complex (MHC)I, but not MHCII, expression was detected in Gl261 cells. The introduction of interferon-gamma-encoding genes increased expression of both MHCI and MHCII. A low amount of B7-1 and B7-2 RNA was detected in wild-type cells, but cytokine production did not change expression levels. Gl261 cells were transduced efficiently by adenoviral vectors; the infectivity of retroviral vectors was limited. Low numbers of transplanted Gl261 cells formed both subcutaneous and intracranial tumors in C57BL/6 mice. The cells were moderately immunogenic: prevaccination of mice with irradiated tumor cells 7 days before intracranial tumor challenge prevented tumor formation in approximately 90% of mice. When vaccination was carried out on the day or 3 days after tumor challenge, no surviving animals could be found. In vitro-growing cells were radiosensitive: less than 2 Gy was required to achieve 50% cell mortality. Local tumor irradiation with 4 Gy X-rays in brain tumor-bearing mice slowed down tumor progression, but none of the mice were cured off the tumor. In conclusion, the Gl261 brain tumor model might be efficiently used to study the antitumor effects of various therapeutic modalities, but the moderate immunogenicity of the cells should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Molecular and Tumor Radiobiology, Frederic Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest 1221, Hungary
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Palomero T, Barnes KC, Real PJ, Glade Bender JL, Sulis ML, Murty VV, Colovai AI, Balbin M, Ferrando AA. CUTLL1, a novel human T-cell lymphoma cell line with t(7;9) rearrangement, aberrant NOTCH1 activation and high sensitivity to gamma-secretase inhibitors. Leukemia 2006; 20:1279-87. [PMID: 16688224 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in NOTCH1 are present in over 50% of human T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) samples and inhibition of NOTCH1 signaling with gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSI) has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of this disease. Here, we report a new human T-cell lymphoma line CUTLL1, which expresses high levels of activated NOTCH1 and is extremely sensitive to gamma-secretase inhibitors treatment. CUTLL1 cells harbor a t(7;9)(q34;q34) translocation which induces the expression of a TCRB-NOTCH1 fusion transcript encoding a membrane-bound truncated form of the NOTCH1 receptor. GSI treatment of CUTLL1 cells blocked NOTCH1 processing and caused rapid clearance of activated intracellular NOTCH1. Loss of NOTCH1 activity induced a gene expression signature characterized by the downregulation of NOTCH1 target genes such as HES1 and NOTCH3. In contrast with most human T-ALL cell lines with activating mutations in NOTCH1, CUTLL1 cells showed a robust cellular phenotype upon GSI treatment characterized by G1 cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. These results show that the CUTLL1 cell line has a strong dependence on NOTCH1 signaling for proliferation and survival and supports that T-ALL patients whose tumors harbor t(7;9) should be included in clinical trials testing the therapeutic efficacy NOTCH1 inhibition with GSIs.
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MESH Headings
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor/cytology
- Cell Line, Tumor/physiology
- Child
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- T Palomero
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Liu ZZ, Huang WY, Li XS, Lin JS, Cai XK, Lian KH, Zhou HJ. Prediction value of radiosensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells for apoptosis and micronucleus assay. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 11:7036-9. [PMID: 16437613 PMCID: PMC4717051 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i44.7036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prediction value of radiosensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells for apoptosis and micronucleus assay. METHODS Clonogenic assay, flow cytometry, and CB micronuclei assay were used to survey the cell survival rate, radiation-induced apoptosis and micronucleus frequency of hepatocarcinoma cell lines SMMC-7721, HL-7702, and HepG2 after being irradiated by X-ray at the dosage ranging 0-8 Gy. RESULTS After irradiation, there was a dose-effect relationship between micronucleus frequency and radiation dosage among the three cell lines (P<0.05). A positive relationship was observed between apoptosis and radiation dosage among the three cell lines. The HepG2 cells had a significant correlation (P<0.05) but apoptosis incidence had a negative relationship with micronucleus frequency. There was a positive relationship between apoptosis and radiation dosage and the correlation between SMMC-7721 and HL-7702 cell lines had a significant difference (P<0.01). After irradiation, a negative relationship between cell survival rate and radiation dosages was found among the three cell lines (P<0.01). There was a positive relationship between cell survival rate and micronucleus frequency (P<0.01). No correlation was observed between apoptosis and cell survival rate. CONCLUSION The radiosensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells can be reflected by apoptosis and micronuclei. Detection of apoptosis and micronuclei could enhance the accuracy for predicting radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Zhong Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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Menu E, Asosingh K, Indraccolo S, De Raeve H, Van Riet I, Van Valckenborgh E, Vande Broek I, Van de Broek I, Fujii N, Tamamura H, Van Camp B, Vanderkerken K. The involvement of stromal derived factor 1alpha in homing and progression of multiple myeloma in the 5TMM model. Haematologica 2006; 91:605-12. [PMID: 16627256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Multiple myeloma (MM) is a lethal plasma cell cancer characterized by the monoclonal growth of cells in the bone marrow. To reach the bone marrow, MM cells need to be attracted by chemokines. Recently, it has been shown that chemokines can also be involved in the growth of several cancer types. Stromal cell derived factor 1a (SDF1alpha) or CXCL12 is known to play an important role as a chemokine for hematopoietic progenitor cells and human MM cells. We studied the effects of SDF1a in the 5TMM murine model. DESIGN AND METHODS The in vitro effects of SDF1alpha were analyzed by gelatin zymography, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and chemoinvasion assays and by blockade with the CXCR4 inhibitor, 4F-benzoyl-TN14003. In vivo, diseased mice were treated with either vehicle or 4F-benzoyl-TN14003. RESULTS In vitro SDF1alpha was capable of attracting both 5T2MM and 5T33MM cells and inducing a 1.6-fold increase in MMP9 production by the 5TMM cells, which was correlated with an increased invasive capacity. In addition, SDF1alpha induced a 20% increase in DNA synthesis in the 5TMM cells. All these effects could be blocked by the CXCR4 inhibitor, 4Fbenzoyl- TN14003. An in vivo study in the 5T33MM model showed that blocking CXCR4 led to a 20% reduction in bone marrow tumor load. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that SDF1alpha/CXCR4 is involved in the homing and the expansion of MM cells. Blocking CXCR4 could be useful in synergy with other anti-neoplastic treatments targeting the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Cronshaw DG, Kouroumalis A, Parry R, Webb A, Brown Z, Ward SG. Evidence that phospholipase C-dependent, calcium-independent mechanisms are required for directional migration of T lymphocytes in response to the CCR4 ligands CCL17 and CCL22. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 79:1369-80. [PMID: 16614259 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0106035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-derived chemokine [CC chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22)] and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (CCL17) mediate cellular effects, principally by binding to their receptor CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) and together, constitute a multifunctional chemokine/receptor system with homeostatic and inflammatory roles within the body. This study demonstrates that CCL22 and CCL17 stimulate pertussis toxin-sensitive elevation of intracellular calcium in the CEM leukemic T cell line and human peripheral blood-derived T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) resulted in the abrogation of chemokine-mediated calcium mobilization. Chemokine-stimulated calcium responses were also abrogated completely by the inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] receptor-mediated calcium release. Chemotactic responses of CEM and human Th2 cells to CCL17 and CCL22 were similarly abrogated by inhibition of PLC and inhibition of novel, Ca2+-independent/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Inhibition of Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor-mediated calcium release from intracellular stores had no effect on chemotactic responses to CCR4 ligands. Taken together, this study provides compelling evidence of an important role for PLC and diacylglycerol-dependent effector mechanisms (most likely involving novel PKC isoforms) in CCL17- and CCL22-stimulated, directional cell migration. In this regard, CCL22 stimulates phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-independent phosphorylation of the novel delta isoform of PKC at threonine 505, situated within its activation loop--an event closely associated with increased catalytic activity.
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MESH Headings
- Acetophenones/pharmacology
- Benzopyrans/pharmacology
- Calcium/physiology
- Calcium Channels/physiology
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Catalytic Domain
- Cell Line, Tumor/cytology
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/physiology
- Chemokine CCL17
- Chemokine CCL22
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/physiology
- Chemotaxis/drug effects
- Chemotaxis/physiology
- Chromones/pharmacology
- Diglycerides/physiology
- Estrenes/pharmacology
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/physiology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Pertussis Toxin/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/physiology
- Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase/physiology
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Phosphorylation
- Phosphothreonine/chemistry
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/physiology
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology
- Receptors, CCR4
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/physiology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Th2 Cells/cytology
- Th2 Cells/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Darran G Cronshaw
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Avon, UK BA2 7AY
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49
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Shimamura H, Sunamura M, Tsuchihara K, Egawa S, Takeda K, Matsuno S. Irradiated pancreatic cancer cells undergo both apoptosis and necrosis, and could be phagocytized by dendritic cells. Eur Surg Res 2006; 37:228-34. [PMID: 16260873 DOI: 10.1159/000087868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of immature dendritic cells (DC) with irradiated pancreatic cancer cells was examined. Flow cytometric analysis using annexin V and propidium iodide revealed that ionizing radiation (25-35 Gy X-ray) induced both apoptosis and necrosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines. After irradiation, PK-1 and Panc-1 cells were likely to undergo necrosis, whereas MIAPaCa-2 cells underwent apoptosis. When DiO-stained immature DCs were co-incubated with DiI-stained irradiated MIAPaCa-2, it was observed under fluorescent microscopy that DCs phagocytized dead tumor cells as early as 4 h after co-incubation. The DCs' phagocytosis of irradiated tumor cells was also confirmed by flow cytometry. These results suggest that irradiated pancreatic cancer cells, which undergo both apoptosis and necrosis, could be a good source of tumor-associated antigens for cross-presentation by DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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50
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Hosaka M, Hatori M, Smith R, Kokubun S. Giant cell formation through fusion of cells derived from a human giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. J Orthop Sci 2005; 9:581-4. [PMID: 16228675 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-004-0825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2004] [Accepted: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the mechanism of multinucleation in giant cell tumors of tendon sheath (GCTTS) remains unknown, two mechanisms have been proposed: one is cell fusion and the other amitotic division. The purpose of this study was to clarify the multinucleation process of cultured cells from GCTTS using an in vitro fluorescent cell membrane labeling technique. Cultured GCTTS cells obtained from a 7-year-old Japanese girl were divided into two groups, one for PKH-2 (green) staining and the other for PKH-26 (red) staining. After staining with the dyes, the cell populations were mixed and observed with a fluorescent microscope on the 4th and 14th days after mixing. On both the 4th and 14th days, the cultured GCTTS giant cells showed a mosaic of green and red colors, thus indicating cell membrane fusion. Images of double fluorescent labeled giant cells indicated cell fusion of mononucleated stromal cells that lead to multinucleated giant cells in these GCTTS cell cultures. These findings suggest that multinucleation in GCTTS results from the fusion of mononuclear stromal cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Hosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 1 Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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