1
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Murdock MH, Yang CY, Sun N, Pao PC, Blanco-Duque C, Kahn MC, Kim T, Lavoie NS, Victor MB, Islam MR, Galiana F, Leary N, Wang S, Bubnys A, Ma E, Akay LA, Sneve M, Qian Y, Lai C, McCarthy MM, Kopell N, Kellis M, Piatkevich KD, Boyden ES, Tsai LH. Multisensory gamma stimulation promotes glymphatic clearance of amyloid. Nature 2024; 627:149-156. [PMID: 38418876 PMCID: PMC10917684 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The glymphatic movement of fluid through the brain removes metabolic waste1-4. Noninvasive 40 Hz stimulation promotes 40 Hz neural activity in multiple brain regions and attenuates pathology in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease5-8. Here we show that multisensory gamma stimulation promotes the influx of cerebrospinal fluid and the efflux of interstitial fluid in the cortex of the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Influx of cerebrospinal fluid was associated with increased aquaporin-4 polarization along astrocytic endfeet and dilated meningeal lymphatic vessels. Inhibiting glymphatic clearance abolished the removal of amyloid by multisensory 40 Hz stimulation. Using chemogenetic manipulation and a genetically encoded sensor for neuropeptide signalling, we found that vasoactive intestinal peptide interneurons facilitate glymphatic clearance by regulating arterial pulsatility. Our findings establish novel mechanisms that recruit the glymphatic system to remove brain amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Murdock
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cheng-Yi Yang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Na Sun
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ping-Chieh Pao
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Blanco-Duque
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin C Kahn
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - TaeHyun Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas S Lavoie
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matheus B Victor
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fabiola Galiana
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Noelle Leary
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sidney Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adele Bubnys
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily Ma
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leyla A Akay
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Madison Sneve
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yong Qian
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cuixin Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, and Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Michelle M McCarthy
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Kopell
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kiryl D Piatkevich
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, and Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Edward S Boyden
- Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Tsuneki H, Honda K, Sekine Y, Yahata K, Yasue M, Fujishima M, Takeda R, Wada T, Sasaoka T. C-terminal peptide of preproorexin enhances brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in rat cerebrocortical cells and recognition memory in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176306. [PMID: 38145647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
During the production of orexin A and B from preproorexin, a common precursor protein, in hypothalamic orexin neurons, C-terminal peptide (herein called preproorexin C-peptide) is concomitantly produced via post-translational processing. The predicted three-dimensional structure of preproorexin C-peptide is similar among mammalian species, suggestive of a conserved function in the mammalian brain. However, C-peptide has long been regarded as a non-functional peptide. We herein examined the effects of rat and/or mouse preproorexin C-peptide on gene expression and cell viability in cultured rat cerebrocortical cells and on memory behavior in C57BL/6J mice. Rat and mouse C-peptides both increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA levels. Moreover, C-peptide enhanced high K+-, glutamate-, and BDNF-induced increases in Bdnf mRNA levels without affecting forskolin-induced Bdnf expression. H-89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, blocked C-peptide-induced Bdnf expression, whereas rolipram, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, enhanced this effect. Intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations were elevated by C-peptide. These results demonstrate that preproorexin C-peptide promoted Bdnf mRNA expression by a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism. Eleven amino acids at the N terminus of rat preproorexin C-peptide exerted similar effects on Bdnf expression as full-length preproorexin C-peptide. Preproorexin C-peptide also exerted protective effects against CoCl2-induced neuronal cell death. An intracerebroventricular injection of mouse preproorexin C-peptide induced c-fos and Bdnf expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and enhanced novel object recognition memory in mice. Collectively, the present results show that preproorexin C-peptide is a functional substance, at least in some pharmacological and neuronal settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuneki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan; Department of Integrative Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Honda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yurika Sekine
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Koji Yahata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Moeka Yasue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujishima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryuta Takeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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3
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Yamanaka T, Kurosawa M, Yoshida A, Shimogori T, Hiyama A, Maity SN, Hattori N, Matsui H, Nukina N. The transcription factor NF-YA is crucial for neural progenitor maintenance during brain development. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105629. [PMID: 38199563 PMCID: PMC10839448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In contrast to stage-specific transcription factors, the role of ubiquitous transcription factors in neuronal development remains a matter of scrutiny. Here, we demonstrated that a ubiquitous factor NF-Y is essential for neural progenitor maintenance during brain morphogenesis. Deletion of the NF-YA subunit in neural progenitors by using nestin-cre transgene in mice resulted in significant abnormalities in brain morphology, including a thinner cerebral cortex and loss of striatum during embryogenesis. Detailed analyses revealed a progressive decline in multiple neural progenitors in the cerebral cortex and ganglionic eminences, accompanied by induced apoptotic cell death and reduced cell proliferation. In neural progenitors, the NF-YA short isoform lacking exon 3 is dominant and co-expressed with cell cycle genes. ChIP-seq analysis from the cortex during early corticogenesis revealed preferential binding of NF-Y to the cell cycle genes, some of which were confirmed to be downregulated following NF-YA deletion. Notably, the NF-YA short isoform disappears and is replaced by its long isoform during neuronal differentiation. Forced expression of the NF-YA long isoform in neural progenitors resulted in a significant decline in neuronal count, possibly due to the suppression of cell proliferation. Collectively, we elucidated a critical role of the NF-YA short isoform in maintaining neural progenitors, possibly by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, we identified an isoform switch in NF-YA within the neuronal lineage in vivo, which may explain the stage-specific role of NF-Y during neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neuroscience for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaru Kurosawa
- Department of Neuroscience for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshida
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimogori
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Hiyama
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sankar N Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nukina
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan; Department of Neuroscience for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Winter CC, Jacobi A, Su J, Chung L, van Velthoven CTJ, Yao Z, Lee C, Zhang Z, Yu S, Gao K, Duque Salazar G, Kegeles E, Zhang Y, Tomihiro MC, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Zhu J, Tang J, Song X, Donahue RJ, Wang Q, McMillen D, Kunst M, Wang N, Smith KA, Romero GE, Frank MM, Krol A, Kawaguchi R, Geschwind DH, Feng G, Goodrich LV, Liu Y, Tasic B, Zeng H, He Z. A transcriptomic taxonomy of mouse brain-wide spinal projecting neurons. Nature 2023; 624:403-414. [PMID: 38092914 PMCID: PMC10719099 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The brain controls nearly all bodily functions via spinal projecting neurons (SPNs) that carry command signals from the brain to the spinal cord. However, a comprehensive molecular characterization of brain-wide SPNs is still lacking. Here we transcriptionally profiled a total of 65,002 SPNs, identified 76 region-specific SPN types, and mapped these types into a companion atlas of the whole mouse brain1. This taxonomy reveals a three-component organization of SPNs: (1) molecularly homogeneous excitatory SPNs from the cortex, red nucleus and cerebellum with somatotopic spinal terminations suitable for point-to-point communication; (2) heterogeneous populations in the reticular formation with broad spinal termination patterns, suitable for relaying commands related to the activities of the entire spinal cord; and (3) modulatory neurons expressing slow-acting neurotransmitters and/or neuropeptides in the hypothalamus, midbrain and reticular formation for 'gain setting' of brain-spinal signals. In addition, this atlas revealed a LIM homeobox transcription factor code that parcellates the reticulospinal neurons into five molecularly distinct and spatially segregated populations. Finally, we found transcriptional signatures of a subset of SPNs with large soma size and correlated these with fast-firing electrophysiological properties. Together, this study establishes a comprehensive taxonomy of brain-wide SPNs and provides insight into the functional organization of SPNs in mediating brain control of bodily functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C Winter
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- PhD Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Jacobi
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- F. Hoffman-La Roche, pRED, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Junfeng Su
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leeyup Chung
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zicong Zhang
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuguang Yu
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kun Gao
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Geraldine Duque Salazar
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evgenii Kegeles
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- PhD Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Makenzie C Tomihiro
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yiming Zhang
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junjie Zhu
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Tang
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuan Song
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan J Donahue
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ning Wang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gabriel E Romero
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle M Frank
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Krol
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guoping Feng
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lisa V Goodrich
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Somatosensation and Pain Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Zhigang He
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Zu S, Li YE, Wang K, Armand EJ, Mamde S, Amaral ML, Wang Y, Chu A, Xie Y, Miller M, Xu J, Wang Z, Zhang K, Jia B, Hou X, Lin L, Yang Q, Lee S, Li B, Kuan S, Liu H, Zhou J, Pinto-Duarte A, Lucero J, Osteen J, Nunn M, Smith KA, Tasic B, Yao Z, Zeng H, Wang Z, Shang J, Behrens MM, Ecker JR, Wang A, Preissl S, Ren B. Single-cell analysis of chromatin accessibility in the adult mouse brain. Nature 2023; 624:378-389. [PMID: 38092917 PMCID: PMC10719105 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell technologies have led to the discovery of thousands of brain cell types; however, our understanding of the gene regulatory programs in these cell types is far from complete1-4. Here we report a comprehensive atlas of candidate cis-regulatory DNA elements (cCREs) in the adult mouse brain, generated by analysing chromatin accessibility in 2.3 million individual brain cells from 117 anatomical dissections. The atlas includes approximately 1 million cCREs and their chromatin accessibility across 1,482 distinct brain cell populations, adding over 446,000 cCREs to the most recent such annotation in the mouse genome. The mouse brain cCREs are moderately conserved in the human brain. The mouse-specific cCREs-specifically, those identified from a subset of cortical excitatory neurons-are strongly enriched for transposable elements, suggesting a potential role for transposable elements in the emergence of new regulatory programs and neuronal diversity. Finally, we infer the gene regulatory networks in over 260 subclasses of mouse brain cells and develop deep-learning models to predict the activities of gene regulatory elements in different brain cell types from the DNA sequence alone. Our results provide a resource for the analysis of cell-type-specific gene regulation programs in both mouse and human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songpeng Zu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yang Eric Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kangli Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ethan J Armand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sainath Mamde
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Amaral
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuelai Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andre Chu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoning Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bojing Jia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Hou
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qian Yang
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Kuan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingtian Zhou
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Jacinta Lucero
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julia Osteen
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Nunn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingbo Shang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph R Ecker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allen Wang
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bing Ren
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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6
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de Ceglia R, Ledonne A, Litvin DG, Lind BL, Carriero G, Latagliata EC, Bindocci E, Di Castro MA, Savtchouk I, Vitali I, Ranjak A, Congiu M, Canonica T, Wisden W, Harris K, Mameli M, Mercuri N, Telley L, Volterra A. Specialized astrocytes mediate glutamatergic gliotransmission in the CNS. Nature 2023; 622:120-129. [PMID: 37674083 PMCID: PMC10550825 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal astrocyte-neuron communications govern brain circuitry assembly and function1. For example, through rapid glutamate release, astrocytes can control excitability, plasticity and synchronous activity2,3 of synaptic networks, while also contributing to their dysregulation in neuropsychiatric conditions4-7. For astrocytes to communicate through fast focal glutamate release, they should possess an apparatus for Ca2+-dependent exocytosis similar to neurons8-10. However, the existence of this mechanism has been questioned11-13 owing to inconsistent data14-17 and a lack of direct supporting evidence. Here we revisited the astrocyte glutamate exocytosis hypothesis by considering the emerging molecular heterogeneity of astrocytes18-21 and using molecular, bioinformatic and imaging approaches, together with cell-specific genetic tools that interfere with glutamate exocytosis in vivo. By analysing existing single-cell RNA-sequencing databases and our patch-seq data, we identified nine molecularly distinct clusters of hippocampal astrocytes, among which we found a notable subpopulation that selectively expressed synaptic-like glutamate-release machinery and localized to discrete hippocampal sites. Using GluSnFR-based glutamate imaging22 in situ and in vivo, we identified a corresponding astrocyte subgroup that responds reliably to astrocyte-selective stimulations with subsecond glutamate release events at spatially precise hotspots, which were suppressed by astrocyte-targeted deletion of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1). Furthermore, deletion of this transporter or its isoform VGLUT2 revealed specific contributions of glutamatergic astrocytes in cortico-hippocampal and nigrostriatal circuits during normal behaviour and pathological processes. By uncovering this atypical subpopulation of specialized astrocytes in the adult brain, we provide insights into the complex roles of astrocytes in central nervous system (CNS) physiology and diseases, and identify a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta de Ceglia
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ada Ledonne
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - David Gregory Litvin
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuro Engineering, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lykke Lind
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giovanni Carriero
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Erika Bindocci
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Iaroslav Savtchouk
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ilaria Vitali
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Ranjak
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Congiu
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tara Canonica
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mameli
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovic Telley
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Volterra
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuro Engineering, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.
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7
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Chen A, Sun Y, Lei Y, Li C, Liao S, Meng J, Bai Y, Liu Z, Liang Z, Zhu Z, Yuan N, Yang H, Wu Z, Lin F, Wang K, Li M, Zhang S, Yang M, Fei T, Zhuang Z, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Cui L, Zhang R, Han L, Sun X, Chen B, Li W, Huangfu B, Ma K, Ma J, Li Z, Lin Y, Wang H, Zhong Y, Zhang H, Yu Q, Wang Y, Liu X, Peng J, Liu C, Chen W, Pan W, An Y, Xia S, Lu Y, Wang M, Song X, Liu S, Wang Z, Gong C, Huang X, Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Chai Q, Tan X, Liu J, Zheng M, Li S, Huang Y, Hong Y, Huang Z, Li M, Jin M, Li Y, Zhang H, Sun S, Gao L, Bai Y, Cheng M, Hu G, Liu S, Wang B, Xiang B, Li S, Li H, Chen M, Wang S, Li M, Liu W, Liu X, Zhao Q, Lisby M, Wang J, Fang J, Lin Y, Xie Q, Liu Z, He J, Xu H, Huang W, Mulder J, Yang H, Sun Y, Uhlen M, Poo M, Wang J, Yao J, Wei W, Li Y, Shen Z, Liu L, Liu Z, Xu X, Li C. Single-cell spatial transcriptome reveals cell-type organization in the macaque cortex. Cell 2023; 186:3726-3743.e24. [PMID: 37442136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the cellular organization of the cerebral cortex is critical for understanding brain structure and function. Using large-scale single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analysis of 143 macaque cortical regions, we obtained a comprehensive atlas of 264 transcriptome-defined cortical cell types and mapped their spatial distribution across the entire cortex. We characterized the cortical layer and region preferences of glutamatergic, GABAergic, and non-neuronal cell types, as well as regional differences in cell-type composition and neighborhood complexity. Notably, we discovered a relationship between the regional distribution of various cell types and the region's hierarchical level in the visual and somatosensory systems. Cross-species comparison of transcriptomic data from human, macaque, and mouse cortices further revealed primate-specific cell types that are enriched in layer 4, with their marker genes expressed in a region-dependent manner. Our data provide a cellular and molecular basis for understanding the evolution, development, aging, and pathogenesis of the primate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; BGI Research-Southwest, BGI, Chongqing 401329, China; JFL-BGI STOmics Center, Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Yidi Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Ying Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sha Liao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; BGI Research-Southwest, BGI, Chongqing 401329, China; JFL-BGI STOmics Center, Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Juan Meng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yiqin Bai
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Nini Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zihan Wu
- Tencent AI Lab, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Feng Lin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mei Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Tianyi Fei
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhenkun Zhuang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanfang Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Luman Cui
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Han
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | | - Baoqian Huangfu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | | | - Jianyun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhao Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Yikun Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanqing Zhong
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xing Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Jian Peng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | | | - Wei Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | | | - Yingjie An
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shihui Xia
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanbing Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mingli Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinxiang Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | | | - Chun Gong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xin Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qinwen Chai
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mingyuan Zheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; Guangdong Bigdata Engineering Technology Research Center for Life Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Yan Hong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | | | - Min Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Mengmeng Jin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Suhong Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Li Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yinqi Bai
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | | | - Guohai Hu
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Bo Wang
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mengni Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Minglong Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Michael Lisby
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jing Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Jiao Fang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yun Lin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Qing Xie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huatai Xu
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17121, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | | | - Yangang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 17121, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Muming Poo
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | | | - Wu Wei
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yuxiang Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; BGI Research-Wuhan, BGI, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zhiming Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 201602, China.
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; BGI-Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 201602, China.
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518103, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| | - Chengyu Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 201602, China; School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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8
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Froudist-Walsh S, Xu T, Niu M, Rapan L, Zhao L, Margulies DS, Zilles K, Wang XJ, Palomero-Gallagher N. Gradients of neurotransmitter receptor expression in the macaque cortex. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1281-1294. [PMID: 37336976 PMCID: PMC10322721 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics and functions of neural circuits depend on interactions mediated by receptors. Therefore, a comprehensive map of receptor organization across cortical regions is needed. In this study, we used in vitro receptor autoradiography to measure the density of 14 neurotransmitter receptor types in 109 areas of macaque cortex. We integrated the receptor data with anatomical, genetic and functional connectivity data into a common cortical space. We uncovered a principal gradient of receptor expression per neuron. This aligns with the cortical hierarchy from sensory cortex to higher cognitive areas. A second gradient, driven by serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, peaks in the anterior cingulate, default mode and salience networks. We found a similar pattern of 5-HT1A expression in the human brain. Thus, the macaque may be a promising translational model of serotonergic processing and disorders. The receptor gradients may enable rapid, reliable information processing in sensory cortical areas and slow, flexible integration in higher cognitive areas.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Rats
- Autoradiography
- Brain Mapping
- Cerebral Cortex/cytology
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Cognition
- Dendritic Spines
- Gyrus Cinguli/cytology
- Gyrus Cinguli/metabolism
- Macaca fascicularis
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/analysis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/metabolism
- Receptors, Cholinergic/analysis
- Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine/analysis
- Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/analysis
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/metabolism
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Species Specificity
- Myelin Sheath/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Froudist-Walsh
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meiqi Niu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lucija Rapan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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9
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Williams LZJ, Fitzgibbon SP, Bozek J, Winkler AM, Dimitrova R, Poppe T, Schuh A, Makropoulos A, Cupitt J, O'Muircheartaigh J, Duff EP, Cordero-Grande L, Price AN, Hajnal JV, Rueckert D, Smith SM, Edwards AD, Robinson EC. Structural and functional asymmetry of the neonatal cerebral cortex. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:942-955. [PMID: 36928781 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Features of brain asymmetry have been implicated in a broad range of cognitive processes; however, their origins are still poorly understood. Here we investigated cortical asymmetries in 442 healthy term-born neonates using structural and functional magnetic resonance images from the Developing Human Connectome Project. Our results demonstrate that the neonatal cortex is markedly asymmetric in both structure and function. Cortical asymmetries observed in the term cohort were contextualized in two ways: by comparing them against cortical asymmetries observed in 103 preterm neonates scanned at term-equivalent age, and by comparing structural asymmetries against those observed in 1,110 healthy young adults from the Human Connectome Project. While associations with preterm birth and biological sex were minimal, significant differences exist between birth and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Z J Williams
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Sean P Fitzgibbon
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jelena Bozek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ralica Dimitrova
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tanya Poppe
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Schuh
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Antonios Makropoulos
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Cupitt
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department for Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eugene P Duff
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lucilio Cordero-Grande
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anthony N Price
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Emma C Robinson
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Science, King's College London, London, UK.
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10
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Adams JW, Negraes PD, Truong J, Tran T, Szeto RA, Guerra BS, Herai RH, Teodorof-Diedrich C, Spector SA, Del Campo M, Jones KL, Muotri AR, Trujillo CA. Impact of alcohol exposure on neural development and network formation in human cortical organoids. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1571-1584. [PMID: 36385168 PMCID: PMC10208963 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the foremost preventable etiology of intellectual disability and leads to a collection of diagnoses known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Alcohol (EtOH) impacts diverse neural cell types and activity, but the precise functional pathophysiological effects on the human fetal cerebral cortex are unclear. Here, we used human cortical organoids to study the effects of EtOH on neurogenesis and validated our findings in primary human fetal neurons. EtOH exposure produced temporally dependent cellular effects on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. In addition, we identified EtOH-induced alterations in post-translational histone modifications and chromatin accessibility, leading to impairment of cAMP and calcium signaling, glutamatergic synaptic development, and astrocytic function. Proteomic spatial profiling of cortical organoids showed region-specific, EtOH-induced alterations linked to changes in cytoskeleton, gliogenesis, and impaired synaptogenesis. Finally, multi-electrode array electrophysiology recordings confirmed the deleterious impact of EtOH on neural network formation and activity in cortical organoids, which was validated in primary human fetal tissues. Our findings demonstrate progress in defining the human molecular and cellular phenotypic signatures of prenatal alcohol exposure on functional neurodevelopment, increasing our knowledge for potential therapeutic interventions targeting FASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Adams
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Justin Truong
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Timothy Tran
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ryan A Szeto
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bruno S Guerra
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Carmen Teodorof-Diedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephen A Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Miguel Del Campo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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11
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Schaaf ZA, Tat L, Cannizzaro N, Panoutsopoulos AA, Green R, Rülicke T, Hippenmeyer S, Zarbalis KS. WDFY3 mutation alters laminar position and morphology of cortical neurons. Mol Autism 2022; 13:27. [PMID: 35733184 PMCID: PMC9219247 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper cerebral cortical development depends on the tightly orchestrated migration of newly born neurons from the inner ventricular and subventricular zones to the outer cortical plate. Any disturbance in this process during prenatal stages may lead to neuronal migration disorders (NMDs), which can vary in extent from focal to global. Furthermore, NMDs show a substantial comorbidity with other neurodevelopmental disorders, notably autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Our previous work demonstrated focal neuronal migration defects in mice carrying loss-of-function alleles of the recognized autism risk gene WDFY3. However, the cellular origins of these defects in Wdfy3 mutant mice remain elusive and uncovering it will provide critical insight into WDFY3-dependent disease pathology. METHODS Here, in an effort to untangle the origins of NMDs in Wdfy3lacZ mice, we employed mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM). MADM technology enabled us to genetically distinctly track and phenotypically analyze mutant and wild-type cells concomitantly in vivo using immunofluorescent techniques. RESULTS We revealed a cell autonomous requirement of WDFY3 for accurate laminar positioning of cortical projection neurons and elimination of mispositioned cells during early postnatal life. In addition, we identified significant deviations in dendritic arborization, as well as synaptic density and morphology between wild type, heterozygous, and homozygous Wdfy3 mutant neurons in Wdfy3-MADM reporter mice at postnatal stages. LIMITATIONS While Wdfy3 mutant mice have provided valuable insight into prenatal aspects of ASD pathology that remain inaccessible to investigation in humans, like most animal models, they do not a perfectly replicate all aspects of human ASD biology. The lack of human data makes it indeterminate whether morphological deviations described here apply to ASD patients or some of the other neurodevelopmental conditions associated with WDFY3 mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our genetic approach revealed several cell autonomous requirements of WDFY3 in neuronal development that could underlie the pathogenic mechanisms of WDFY3-related neurodevelopmental conditions. The results are also consistent with findings in other ASD animal models and patients and suggest an important role for WDFY3 in regulating neuronal function and interconnectivity in postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Schaaf
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Lyvin Tat
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Noemi Cannizzaro
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Alexios A Panoutsopoulos
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- University of California at Davis, Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ralph Green
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Konstantinos S Zarbalis
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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12
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Stanton-Turcotte D, Hsu K, Moore SA, Yamada M, Fawcett JP, Iulianella A. Mllt11 Regulates Migration and Neurite Outgrowth of Cortical Projection Neurons during Development. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3931-3948. [PMID: 35379703 PMCID: PMC9097781 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0124-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of connections within the mammalian neocortex is highly regulated by both extracellular guidance mechanisms and intrinsic gene expression programs. There are two types of cortical projection neurons (CPNs): those that project locally and interhemispherically and those that project to subcerebral structures such as the thalamus, hindbrain, and spinal cord. The regulation of cortical projection morphologies is not yet fully understood at the molecular level. Here, we report a role for Mllt11 (Myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia; translocated to chromosome 11/All1 Fused Gene From Chromosome 1q) in the migration and neurite outgrowth of callosal projection neurons during mouse brain formation. We show that Mllt11 expression is exclusive to developing neurons and is enriched in the developing cortical plate (CP) during the formation of the superficial cortical layers. In cultured primary cortical neurons, Mllt11 is detected in varicosities and growth cones as well as the soma. Using conditional loss-of-function and gain-of-function analysis we show that Mllt11 is required for neuritogenesis and proper migration of upper layer CPNs. Loss of Mllt11 in the superficial cortex of male and female neonates leads to a severe reduction in fibers crossing the corpus callosum (CC), a progressive loss in the maintenance of upper layer projection neuron gene expression, and reduced complexity of dendritic arborization. Proteomic analysis revealed that Mllt11 associates with stabilized microtubules, and Mllt11 loss affected microtubule staining in callosal axons. Taken together, our findings support a role for Mllt11 in promoting the formation of mature upper-layer neuron morphologies and connectivity in the cerebral cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The regulation of cortical projection neuron (CPN) morphologies is an area of active investigation since the time of Cajal. Yet the molecular mechanisms of how the complex dendritic and axonal morphologies of projection neurons are formed remains incompletely understood. Although conditional mutagenesis analysis in the mouse, coupled with overexpression assays in the developing fetal brain, we show that a novel protein called Mllt11 is sufficient and necessary to regulate the dendritic and axonal characteristics of callosal projection neurons in the developing mammalian neocortex. Furthermore, we show that Mllt11 interacts with microtubules, likely accounting for its role in neuritogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Stanton-Turcotte
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, and Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University. Life Science Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4R2, Canada
| | - Karolynn Hsu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, and Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University. Life Science Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4R2, Canada
| | - Samantha A Moore
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, and Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University. Life Science Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4R2, Canada
| | - Makiko Yamada
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, and Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University. Life Science Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4R2, Canada
| | - James P Fawcett
- Departments of Phamacology, Surgery, and Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University. Life Science Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4R2, Canada
| | - Angelo Iulianella
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, and Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University. Life Science Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4R2, Canada
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13
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Lin TK, Hung CF, Weng JR, Hsieh TY, Wang SJ. Kaempferol 3-Rhamnoside on Glutamate Release from Rat Cerebrocortical Nerve Terminals Involves P/Q-Type Ca 2+ Channel and Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II-Dependent Pathway Suppression. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041342. [PMID: 35209129 PMCID: PMC8879690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Excess synaptic glutamate release has pathological consequences, and the inhibition of glutamate release is crucial for neuroprotection. Kaempferol 3-rhamnoside (KR) is a flavonoid isolated from Schima superba with neuroprotective properties, and its effecton the release of glutamate from rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals was investigated. KR produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-evoked glutamate release with half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 17 µM. The inhibition of glutamate release by KR was completely abolished by the omission of external Ca2+ or the depletion of glutamate in synaptic vesicles, and it was unaffected by blocking carrier-mediated release. In addition, KR reduced the 4-AP-evoked increase in Ca2+ concentration, while it did not affect 4-AP-evoked membrane potential depolarization. The application of selective antagonists of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels revealed that the KR-mediated inhibition of glutamate release involved the suppression of P/Q-type Ca2+ channel activity. Furthermore, the inhibition of release was abolished by the calmodulin antagonist, W7, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor, KN62, but not by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89, or the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, GF109203X. We also found that KR reduced the 4-AP-induced increase in phosphorylation of CaMKII and its substrate synapsin I. Thus, the effect of KR on evoked glutamate release is likely linked to a decrease in P/Q-type Ca2+ channel activity, as well as to the consequent reduction in the CaMKII/synapsin I pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Kang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Yang Hsieh
- P.H.D. Program in Nutrition & Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2905-3465; Fax: +886-2-2905-2096
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14
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Khajeh R, Fumarola F, Abbott LF. Sparse balance: Excitatory-inhibitory networks with small bias currents and broadly distributed synaptic weights. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1008836. [PMID: 35139071 PMCID: PMC8827417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical circuits generate excitatory currents that must be cancelled by strong inhibition to assure stability. The resulting excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) balance can generate spontaneous irregular activity but, in standard balanced E-I models, this requires that an extremely strong feedforward bias current be included along with the recurrent excitation and inhibition. The absence of experimental evidence for such large bias currents inspired us to examine an alternative regime that exhibits asynchronous activity without requiring unrealistically large feedforward input. In these networks, irregular spontaneous activity is supported by a continually changing sparse set of neurons. To support this activity, synaptic strengths must be drawn from high-variance distributions. Unlike standard balanced networks, these sparse balance networks exhibit robust nonlinear responses to uniform inputs and non-Gaussian input statistics. Interestingly, the speed, not the size, of synaptic fluctuations dictates the degree of sparsity in the model. In addition to simulations, we provide a mean-field analysis to illustrate the properties of these networks. A class of models in computational neuroscience that have been successful at describing a variety of effects in the neocortex involve a tight balance between excitatory, inhibitory and unrealistically large external input, without which the model cannot produce robust patterns of activity. In this work, we explore what happens when these inputs are smaller in size, and we provide an alternative solution for recovering robust network activity. This solution relies on broadly distributed synaptic strengths and, interestingly, gives rise to sparse subsets of neurons firing at any given time. Unlike the conventional models, the networks exhibit nonlinear responses to uniform external input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Khajeh
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesco Fumarola
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Laboratory for Neural Computation and Adaptation, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - LF Abbott
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
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15
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Sun YY, Chen WJ, Huang ZP, Yang G, Wu ML, Xu DE, Yang WL, Luo YC, Xiao ZC, Xu RX, Ma QH. TRIM32 Deficiency Impairs the Generation of Pyramidal Neurons in Developing Cerebral Cortex. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030449. [PMID: 35159260 PMCID: PMC8834167 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory-inhibitory imbalance (E/I) is a fundamental mechanism underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASD). TRIM32 is a risk gene genetically associated with ASD. The absence of TRIM32 causes impaired generation of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, neural network hyperexcitability, and autism-like behavior in mice, emphasizing the role of TRIM32 in maintaining E/I balance, but despite the description of TRIM32 in regulating proliferation and differentiation of cultured mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs), the role of TRIM32 in cerebral cortical development, particularly in the production of excitatory pyramidal neurons, remains unknown. The present study observed that TRIM32 deficiency resulted in decreased numbers of distinct layer-specific cortical neurons and decreased radial glial cell (RGC) and intermediate progenitor cell (IPC) pool size. We further demonstrated that TRIM32 deficiency impairs self-renewal of RGCs and IPCs as indicated by decreased proliferation and mitosis. A TRIM32 deficiency also affects or influences the formation of cortical neurons. As a result, TRIM32-deficient mice showed smaller brain size. At the molecular level, RNAseq analysis indicated reduced Notch signalling in TRIM32-deficient mice. Therefore, the present study indicates a role for TRIM32 in pyramidal neuron generation. Impaired generation of excitatory pyramidal neurons may explain the hyperexcitability observed in TRIM32-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Sun
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.-Y.S.); (Z.-P.H.); (M.-L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Jin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China;
| | - Ze-Ping Huang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.-Y.S.); (Z.-P.H.); (M.-L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Lab Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Ming-Lei Wu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.-Y.S.); (Z.-P.H.); (M.-L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - De-En Xu
- Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214001, China;
| | - Wu-Lin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China;
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia;
| | - Ru-Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.-H.M.); (R.-X.X.)
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.-Y.S.); (Z.-P.H.); (M.-L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-H.M.); (R.-X.X.)
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16
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Yoo S, Mittelstein DR, Hurt RC, Lacroix J, Shapiro MG. Focused ultrasound excites cortical neurons via mechanosensitive calcium accumulation and ion channel amplification. Nat Commun 2022; 13:493. [PMID: 35078979 PMCID: PMC8789820 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic neuromodulation has the unique potential to provide non-invasive control of neural activity in deep brain regions with high spatial precision and without chemical or genetic modification. However, the biomolecular and cellular mechanisms by which focused ultrasound excites mammalian neurons have remained unclear, posing significant challenges for the use of this technology in research and potential clinical applications. Here, we show that focused ultrasound excites primary murine cortical neurons in culture through a primarily mechanical mechanism mediated by specific calcium-selective mechanosensitive ion channels. The activation of these channels results in a gradual build-up of calcium, which is amplified by calcium- and voltage-gated channels, generating a burst firing response. Cavitation, temperature changes, large-scale deformation, and synaptic transmission are not required for this excitation to occur. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of specific ion channels leads to reduced responses to ultrasound, while over-expressing these channels results in stronger ultrasonic stimulation. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the effect of ultrasound on neurons to facilitate the further development of ultrasonic neuromodulation and sonogenetics as tools for neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjin Yoo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - David R Mittelstein
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Robert C Hurt
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jerome Lacroix
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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17
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Wang R, Li L, Wang B. Poncirin ameliorates oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury in cortical neurons via inhibiting NOX4-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 102:107210. [PMID: 34266770 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poncirin, a natural flavonoid present abundantly in citrus fruits, possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that contribute to neuroprotection, but its roles and mechanisms in neuronal injury is still poorly understood. In this study, an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was established in primary cortical neurons to induce neuronal injury in vitro. Poncirin effectively attenuated OGD/R-induced neuronal damage by enhancing cell viability, restraining lactate dehydrogenase release, and reducing apoptosis of neurons. Poncirin restrained mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, declining reactive oxygen species production, lessening malondialdehyde generation, and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in OGD/R-treated neurons. Poncirin also repressed inflammatory responses by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Importantly, poncirin administration notably abolished OGD/R-induced upregulation of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and overexpression of NOX4 neutralized poncirin-mediated neuroprotection. In conclusion, poncirin protects cortical neurons from OGD/R injury via inhibiting NOX4/ROS/NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, Henan, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, Henan, China
| | - Baogong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, Henan, China
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18
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Abstract
This protocol provides an improved pipeline for dissociating intact projection neurons from adult mouse cortex for applications including droplet and plate-based single-cell RNA sequencing, qPCR, immunocytochemistry, and long-term in vitro cell culture. This protocol provides a robust and reproducible dissociation pipeline that uses exclusively off-the-shelf reagents, not requiring the use of expensive dissociation kits. The unique incubation steps, in combination with the FACS gating strategy, results in unparalleled enrichment for intact cortical neurons from the adult brain. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Golan et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Golan
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - William B. Cafferty
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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19
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Abstract
Enzymatic digestion of the extracellular matrix with chondroitinase-ABC reinstates juvenile-like plasticity in the adult cortex as it also disassembles the perineuronal nets (PNNs). The disadvantage of the enzyme is that it must be applied intracerebrally and it degrades the ECM for several weeks. Here, we provide two minimally invasive and transient protocols for microglia-enabled PNN disassembly in mouse cortex: repeated treatment with ketamine-xylazine-acepromazine (KXA) anesthesia and 60-Hz light entrainment. We also discuss how to analyze PNNs within microglial endosomes-lysosomes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Venturino et al. (2021). PNN disassembly with repeated ketamine-mediated anesthesia in mice 60 Hz light entrainment as an alternative approach Strategy to quantify density of PNN-coated cells Determine PNN material enriched within microglial lysosomes
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venturino
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Corresponding author
| | - Sandra Siegert
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Corresponding author
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20
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Ojalvo-Sanz AC, López-Mascaraque L. Gliogenic Potential of Single Pallial Radial Glial Cells in Lower Cortical Layers. Cells 2021; 10:3237. [PMID: 34831460 PMCID: PMC8621618 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, progenitor cells are progressively restricted in their potential to generate different neural cells. A specific progenitor cell type, the radial glial cells, divides symmetrically and then asymmetrically to produce neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and NG2-glia in the cerebral cortex. However, the potential of individual progenitors to form glial lineages remains poorly understood. To further investigate the cell progeny of single pallial GFAP-expressing progenitors, we used the in vivo genetic lineage-tracing method, the UbC-(GFAP-PB)-StarTrack. After targeting those progenitors in embryonic mice brains, we tracked their adult glial progeny in lower cortical layers. Clonal analyses revealed the presence of clones containing sibling cells of either a glial cell type (uniform clones) or two different glial cell types (mixed clones). Further, the clonal size and rostro-caudal cell dispersion of sibling cells differed depending on the cell type. We concluded that pallial E14 neural progenitors are a heterogeneous cell population with respect to which glial cell type they produce, as well as the clonal size of their cell progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura López-Mascaraque
- Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neurobiology Department, Instituto Cajal-CSIC, 8002 Madrid, Spain;
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21
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Karagiannis A, Gallopin T, Lacroix A, Plaisier F, Piquet J, Geoffroy H, Hepp R, Naudé J, Le Gac B, Egger R, Lambolez B, Li D, Rossier J, Staiger JF, Imamura H, Seino S, Roeper J, Cauli B. Lactate is an energy substrate for rodent cortical neurons and enhances their firing activity. eLife 2021; 10:e71424. [PMID: 34766906 PMCID: PMC8651295 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose is the mandatory fuel for the brain, yet the relative contribution of glucose and lactate for neuronal energy metabolism is unclear. We found that increased lactate, but not glucose concentration, enhances the spiking activity of neurons of the cerebral cortex. Enhanced spiking was dependent on ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels formed with KCNJ11 and ABCC8 subunits, which we show are functionally expressed in most neocortical neuronal types. We also demonstrate the ability of cortical neurons to take-up and metabolize lactate. We further reveal that ATP is produced by cortical neurons largely via oxidative phosphorylation and only modestly by glycolysis. Our data demonstrate that in active neurons, lactate is preferred to glucose as an energy substrate, and that lactate metabolism shapes neuronal activity in the neocortex through KATP channels. Our results highlight the importance of metabolic crosstalk between neurons and astrocytes for brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassios Karagiannis
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Thierry Gallopin
- Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI ParisParisFrance
| | - Alexandre Lacroix
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Fabrice Plaisier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Juliette Piquet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Hélène Geoffroy
- Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI ParisParisFrance
| | - Régine Hepp
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Jérémie Naudé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Benjamin Le Gac
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Richard Egger
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Bertrand Lambolez
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Dongdong Li
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
| | - Jean Rossier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
- Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS UMR 8249, CNRS, ESPCI ParisParisFrance
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August- University GöttingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of MedicineHyogoJapan
| | - Jochen Roeper
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Bruno Cauli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS)ParisFrance
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22
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Nie L, Jiang L, Quinn JP, Grubb BD, Wang M. TRPA1-Mediated Src Family Kinases Activity Facilitates Cortical Spreading Depression Susceptibility and Trigeminovascular System Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12273. [PMID: 34830154 PMCID: PMC8620265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) plays a role in migraine and is proposed as a promising target for migraine therapy. However, TRPA1-induced signaling in migraine pathogenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that Src family kinases (SFKs) transmit TRPA1 signaling in regulating cortical spreading depression (CSD), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release and neuroinflammation. CSD was monitored in mouse brain slices via intrinsic optical imaging, and in rats using electrophysiology. CGRP level and IL-1β gene expression in mouse trigeminal ganglia (TG) was detected using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction respectively. The results showed a SFKs activator, pYEEI (EPQY(PO3H2)EEEIPIYL), reversed the reduced cortical susceptibility to CSD by an anti-TRPA1 antibody in mouse brain slices. Additionally, the increased cytosolic phosphorylated SFKs at Y416 induced by CSD in rat ipsilateral cerebral cortices was attenuated by pretreatment of the anti-TRPA1 antibody perfused into contralateral ventricles. In mouse TG, a SFKs inhibitor, saracatinib, restored the CGRP release and IL-1β mRNA level increased by a TRPA1 activator, umbellulone. Moreover, umbellulone promoted SFKs phosphorylation, which was reduced by a PKA inhibitor, PKI (14-22) Amide. These data reveal a novel mechanism of migraine pathogenesis by which TRPA1 transmits signaling to SFKs via PKA facilitating CSD susceptibility and trigeminovascular system sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Nie
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - John P. Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Blair D. Grubb
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Minyan Wang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
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23
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Schmidt ERE, Zhao HT, Park JM, Dipoppa M, Monsalve-Mercado MM, Dahan JB, Rodgers CC, Lejeune A, Hillman EMC, Miller KD, Bruno RM, Polleux F. A human-specific modifier of cortical connectivity and circuit function. Nature 2021; 599:640-644. [PMID: 34707291 PMCID: PMC9161439 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The cognitive abilities that characterize humans are thought to emerge from unique features of the cortical circuit architecture of the human brain, which include increased cortico-cortical connectivity. However, the evolutionary origin of these changes in connectivity and how they affected cortical circuit function and behaviour are currently unknown. The human-specific gene duplication SRGAP2C emerged in the ancestral genome of the Homo lineage before the major phase of increase in brain size1,2. SRGAP2C expression in mice increases the density of excitatory and inhibitory synapses received by layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (PNs)3-5. Here we show that the increased number of excitatory synapses received by layer 2/3 PNs induced by SRGAP2C expression originates from a specific increase in local and long-range cortico-cortical connections. Mice humanized for SRGAP2C expression in all cortical PNs displayed a shift in the fraction of layer 2/3 PNs activated by sensory stimulation and an enhanced ability to learn a cortex-dependent sensory-discrimination task. Computational modelling revealed that the increased layer 4 to layer 2/3 connectivity induced by SRGAP2C expression explains some of the key changes in sensory coding properties. These results suggest that the emergence of SRGAP2C at the birth of the Homo lineage contributed to the evolution of specific structural and functional features of cortical circuits in the human cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud R E Schmidt
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hanzhi T Zhao
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jung M Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario Dipoppa
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauro M Monsalve-Mercado
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob B Dahan
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chris C Rodgers
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amélie Lejeune
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth M C Hillman
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth D Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy M Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Morioka N, Kondo S, Harada N, Takimoto T, Tokunaga N, Nakamura Y, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y. Downregulation of connexin43 potentiates noradrenaline-induced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in primary cultured cortical astrocytes. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6777-6792. [PMID: 33665818 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the pathology of depressive disorders. Astrocytes produce BDNF following antidepressant treatment or stimulation of adrenergic receptors. Connexin43 (Cx43) is mainly expressed in central nervous system astrocytes and its expression is downregulated in patients with major depression. How changes in Cx43 expression affect astrocyte function, including BDNF production, is poorly understood. The current study examined the effect of Cx43 knockdown on BDNF expression in cultured cortical astrocytes after stimulation of adrenergic receptors. The expression of Cx43 in rat primary cultured cortical astrocytes was downregulated with RNA interference. Levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) or proteins were measured by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Knockdown of Cx43 potentiated noradrenaline (NA)-induced expression of BDNF mRNA in cultured astrocytes. NA treatment induced proBDNF protein expression in astrocytes transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Cx43, but not with control siRNA. This potentiation was mediated by the Src tyrosine kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway through stimulation of adrenergic α1 and β receptors. Furthermore, the Gq/11 protein-Src-ERK pathway and the G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2-Src-ERK pathway were involved in α1 and β adrenergic receptor-mediated potentiation of BDNF mRNA expression, respectively. The current studies demonstrate a novel mechanism of BDNF expression in cortical astrocytes mediated by Cx43, in which downregulation of Cx43 increases, through adrenergic receptors, the expression of BDNF. The current findings indicate a potentially novel mechanism of action of antidepressants, via regulation of astrocytic Cx43 expression and subsequent BDNF expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebral Cortex/cytology
- Cerebral Cortex/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Connexin 43/genetics
- Connexin 43/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Male
- Norepinephrine/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA Interference
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Syun Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nanase Harada
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Takimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tokunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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25
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Costa BM, Kwapisz LC, Mehrkens B, Bledsoe DN, Vacca BN, Johnston TV, Razzaq R, Manickam D, Klein BG. A glutamate concentration-biased allosteric modulator potentiates NMDA-induced ion influx in neurons. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00859. [PMID: 34476911 PMCID: PMC8413904 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Precisely controlled synaptic glutamate concentration is essential for the normal function of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Atypical fluctuations in synaptic glutamate homeostasis lead to aberrant NMDA receptor activity that results in the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, glutamate concentration-dependent NMDA receptor modulators would be clinically useful agents with fewer on-target adverse effects. In the present study, we have characterized a novel compound (CNS4) that potentiates NMDA receptor currents based on glutamate concentration. This compound alters glutamate potency and exhibits no voltage-dependent effect. Patch-clamp electrophysiology recordings confirmed agonist concentration-dependent changes in maximum inducible currents. Dynamic Ca2+ and Na+ imaging assays using rat brain cortical, striatal and cerebellar neurons revealed CNS4 potentiated ion influx through native NMDA receptor activity. Overall, CNS4 is novel in chemical structure, mechanism of action and agonist concentration-biased allosteric modulatory effect. This compound or its future analogs will serve as useful candidates to develop drug-like compounds for the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and major depression disorders associated with hypoglutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise M. Costa
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOMBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- School of NeuroscienceVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Lina Cortés Kwapisz
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Brittney Mehrkens
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Douglas N. Bledsoe
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- Present address:
Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Bryanna N. Vacca
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- Present address:
University of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tullia V. Johnston
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Rehan Razzaq
- Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOMBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Bradley G. Klein
- Center for One Health ResearchVirginia Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
- School of NeuroscienceVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
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26
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Hofmann CS, Carrington S, Keller AN, Gregory KJ, Niswender CM. Regulation and functional consequences of mGlu 4 RNA editing. RNA 2021; 27:1220-1240. [PMID: 34244459 PMCID: PMC8457003 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078729.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) is one of eight mGlu receptors within the Class C G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. mGlu4 is primarily localized to the presynaptic membrane of neurons where it functions as an auto and heteroreceptor controlling synaptic release of neurotransmitter. mGlu4 is implicated in numerous disorders and is a promising drug target; however, more remains to be understood about its regulation and pharmacology. Using high-throughput sequencing, we have validated and quantified an adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing event that converts glutamine 124 to arginine in mGlu4; additionally, we have identified a rare but novel K129R site. Using an in vitro editing assay, we then validated the pre-mRNA duplex that allows for editing by ADAR enzymes and predicted its conservation across the mammalian species. Structural modeling of the mGlu4 protein predicts the Q124R substitution to occur in the B helix of the receptor that is critical for receptor dimerization and activation. Interestingly, editing of a receptor homodimer does not disrupt G protein activation in response to the endogenous agonist, glutamate. Using an assay designed to specifically measure heterodimer populations at the surface, however, we found that Q124R substitution decreased the propensity of mGlu4 to heterodimerize with mGlu2 and mGlu7 Our study is the first to extensively describe the extent and regulatory factors of RNA editing of mGlu4 mRNA transcripts. In addition, we have proposed a novel functional consequence of this editing event that provides insights regarding its effects in vivo and expands the regulatory capacity for mGlu receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Deaminase/genetics
- Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Pairing
- Base Sequence
- Birds
- Cerebral Cortex/cytology
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Corpus Striatum/cytology
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Hippocampus/cytology
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Point Mutation
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- RNA Editing
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/chemistry
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/genetics
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Reptiles
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Hofmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Sheridan Carrington
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Andrew N Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
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27
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Matho KS, Huilgol D, Galbavy W, He M, Kim G, An X, Lu J, Wu P, Di Bella DJ, Shetty AS, Palaniswamy R, Hatfield J, Raudales R, Narasimhan A, Gamache E, Levine JM, Tucciarone J, Szelenyi E, Harris JA, Mitra PP, Osten P, Arlotta P, Huang ZJ. Genetic dissection of the glutamatergic neuron system in cerebral cortex. Nature 2021; 598:182-187. [PMID: 34616069 PMCID: PMC8494647 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diverse types of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons mediate the myriad processing streams and output channels of the cerebral cortex1,2, yet all derive from neural progenitors of the embryonic dorsal telencephalon3,4. Here we establish genetic strategies and tools for dissecting and fate-mapping subpopulations of pyramidal neurons on the basis of their developmental and molecular programs. We leverage key transcription factors and effector genes to systematically target temporal patterning programs in progenitors and differentiation programs in postmitotic neurons. We generated over a dozen temporally inducible mouse Cre and Flp knock-in driver lines to enable the combinatorial targeting of major progenitor types and projection classes. Combinatorial strategies confer viral access to subsets of pyramidal neurons defined by developmental origin, marker expression, anatomical location and projection targets. These strategies establish an experimental framework for understanding the hierarchical organization and developmental trajectory of subpopulations of pyramidal neurons that assemble cortical processing networks and output channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Matho
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dhananjay Huilgol
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William Galbavy
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miao He
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gukhan Kim
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xu An
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiangteng Lu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Priscilla Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela J Di Bella
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashwin S Shetty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Joshua Hatfield
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ricardo Raudales
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Arun Narasimhan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Gamache
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesse M Levine
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Tucciarone
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Eric Szelenyi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie A Harris
- Program in Neuroscience and Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Partha P Mitra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pavel Osten
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paola Arlotta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Z Josh Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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28
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Zhang Z, Zhou J, Tan P, Pang Y, Rivkin AC, Kirchgessner MA, Williams E, Lee CT, Liu H, Franklin AD, Miyazaki PA, Bartlett A, Aldridge AI, Vu M, Boggeman L, Fitzpatrick C, Nery JR, Castanon RG, Rashid M, Jacobs MW, Ito-Cole T, O'Connor C, Pinto-Duartec A, Dominguez B, Smith JB, Niu SY, Lee KF, Jin X, Mukamel EA, Behrens MM, Ecker JR, Callaway EM. Epigenomic diversity of cortical projection neurons in the mouse brain. Nature 2021; 598:167-173. [PMID: 34616065 PMCID: PMC8494636 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal cell types are classically defined by their molecular properties, anatomy and functions. Although recent advances in single-cell genomics have led to high-resolution molecular characterization of cell type diversity in the brain1, neuronal cell types are often studied out of the context of their anatomical properties. To improve our understanding of the relationship between molecular and anatomical features that define cortical neurons, here we combined retrograde labelling with single-nucleus DNA methylation sequencing to link neural epigenomic properties to projections. We examined 11,827 single neocortical neurons from 63 cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical long-distance projections. Our results showed unique epigenetic signatures of projection neurons that correspond to their laminar and regional location and projection patterns. On the basis of their epigenomes, intra-telencephalic cells that project to different cortical targets could be further distinguished, and some layer 5 neurons that project to extra-telencephalic targets (L5 ET) formed separate clusters that aligned with their axonal projections. Such separation varied between cortical areas, which suggests that there are area-specific differences in L5 ET subtypes, which were further validated by anatomical studies. Notably, a population of cortico-cortical projection neurons clustered with L5 ET rather than intra-telencephalic neurons, which suggests that a population of L5 ET cortical neurons projects to both targets. We verified the existence of these neurons by dual retrograde labelling and anterograde tracing of cortico-cortical projection neurons, which revealed axon terminals in extra-telencephalic targets including the thalamus, superior colliculus and pons. These findings highlight the power of single-cell epigenomic approaches to connect the molecular properties of neurons with their anatomical and projection properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhu Zhang
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingtian Zhou
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pengcheng Tan
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Pang
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angeline C Rivkin
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Megan A Kirchgessner
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elora Williams
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Ta Lee
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexis D Franklin
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paula Assakura Miyazaki
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew I Aldridge
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minh Vu
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lara Boggeman
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Conor Fitzpatrick
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rosa G Castanon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Rashid
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew W Jacobs
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony Ito-Cole
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn O'Connor
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - António Pinto-Duartec
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bertha Dominguez
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jared B Smith
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sheng-Yong Niu
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kuo-Fen Lee
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xin Jin
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eran A Mukamel
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Margarita Behrens
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Edward M Callaway
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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El Khamlichi C, Cobret L, Arrang JM, Morisset-Lopez S. BRET Analysis of GPCR Dimers in Neurons and Non-Neuronal Cells: Evidence for Inactive, Agonist, and Constitutive Conformations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910638. [PMID: 34638980 PMCID: PMC8508734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are dimeric proteins, but the functional consequences of the process are still debated. Active GPCR conformations are promoted either by agonists or constitutive activity. Inverse agonists decrease constitutive activity by promoting inactive conformations. The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) is the target of choice for the study of GPCRs because it displays high constitutive activity. Here, we study the dimerization of recombinant and brain H3R and explore the effects of H3R ligands of different intrinsic efficacy on dimerization. Co-immunoprecipitations and Western blots showed that H3R dimers co-exist with monomers in transfected HEK 293 cells and in rodent brains. Bioluminescence energy transfer (BRET) analysis confirmed the existence of spontaneous H3R dimers, not only in living HEK 293 cells but also in transfected cortical neurons. In both cells, agonists and constitutive activity of the H3R decreased BRET signals, whereas inverse agonists and GTPγS, which promote inactive conformations, increased BRET signals. These findings show the existence of spontaneous H3R dimers not only in heterologous systems but also in native tissues, which are able to adopt a number of allosteric conformations, from more inactive to more active states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayma El Khamlichi
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France; (C.E.K.); (L.C.)
| | - Laetitia Cobret
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France; (C.E.K.); (L.C.)
| | - Jean-Michel Arrang
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 2 ter Rue d’Alésia, 75014 Paris, France;
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, UMR_S1266 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, 102 Rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Séverine Morisset-Lopez
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d’Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France; (C.E.K.); (L.C.)
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, UMR_S1266 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, 102 Rue de la Santé, 75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-238257858
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30
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Susin E, Destexhe A. Integration, coincidence detection and resonance in networks of spiking neurons expressing Gamma oscillations and asynchronous states. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009416. [PMID: 34529655 PMCID: PMC8478196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma oscillations are widely seen in the awake and sleeping cerebral cortex, but the exact role of these oscillations is still debated. Here, we used biophysical models to examine how Gamma oscillations may participate to the processing of afferent stimuli. We constructed conductance-based network models of Gamma oscillations, based on different cell types found in cerebral cortex. The models were adjusted to extracellular unit recordings in humans, where Gamma oscillations always coexist with the asynchronous firing mode. We considered three different mechanisms to generate Gamma, first a mechanism based on the interaction between pyramidal neurons and interneurons (PING), second a mechanism in which Gamma is generated by interneuron networks (ING) and third, a mechanism which relies on Gamma oscillations generated by pacemaker chattering neurons (CHING). We find that all three mechanisms generate features consistent with human recordings, but that the ING mechanism is most consistent with the firing rate change inside Gamma bursts seen in the human data. We next evaluated the responsiveness and resonant properties of these networks, contrasting Gamma oscillations with the asynchronous mode. We find that for both slowly-varying stimuli and precisely-timed stimuli, the responsiveness is generally lower during Gamma compared to asynchronous states, while resonant properties are similar around the Gamma band. We could not find conditions where Gamma oscillations were more responsive. We therefore predict that asynchronous states provide the highest responsiveness to external stimuli, while Gamma oscillations tend to overall diminish responsiveness. In the awake and attentive brain, the activity of neurons is typically asynchronous and irregular. It also occasionally displays oscillations in the Gamma frequency range (30–90 Hz), which are believed to be involved in information processing. Here, we use computational models to investigate how brain circuits generate oscillations in a manner consistent with microelectrode recordings in humans. We then study how these networks respond to external input, comparing asynchronous and oscillatory states. This is tested according to several paradigms, an integrative mode, where slowly varying inputs are progressively integrated, a coincidence detection mode, where brief inputs are processed according to the phase of the oscillations, and a resonance mode where the network is probed with oscillatory inputs. Surprisingly, we find that in all cases, the presence of Gamma oscillations tends to diminish the responsiveness to external inputs. We discuss possible implications of this responsiveness decrease on information processing and propose new directions for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Susin
- Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Alain Destexhe
- Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroPSI), Paris-Saclay University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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31
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Durakoglugil MS, Wasser CR, Wong CH, Pohlkamp T, Xian X, Lane-Donovan C, Fritschle K, Naestle L, Herz J. Reelin Regulates Neuronal Excitability through Striatal-Enriched Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP 61) and Calcium Permeable AMPARs in an NMDAR-Dependent Manner. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7340-7349. [PMID: 34290083 PMCID: PMC8412985 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0388-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease marked by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Aβ oligomers cause synaptic dysfunction early in AD by enhancing long-term depression (LTD; a paradigm for forgetfulness) via metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent regulation of striatal-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP61). Reelin is a neuromodulator that signals through ApoE (apolipoprotein E) receptors to protect the synapse against Aβ toxicity (Durakoglugil et al., 2009) Reelin signaling is impaired by ApoE4, the most important genetic risk factor for AD, and Aβ-oligomers activate metabotropic glutamate receptors (Renner et al., 2010). We therefore asked whether Reelin might also affect mGluR-LTD. To this end, we induced chemical mGluR-LTD using DHPG (Dihydroxyphenylglycine), a selective mGluR5 agonist. We found that exogenous Reelin reduces the DHPG-induced increase in STEP61, prevents the dephosphorylation of GluA2, and concomitantly blocks mGluR-mediated LTD. By contrast, Reelin deficiency increased expression of Ca2+-permeable GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors along with higher STEP61 levels, resulting in occlusion of DHPG-induced LTD in hippocampal CA1 neurons. We propose a model in which Reelin modulates local protein synthesis as well as AMPA receptor subunit composition through modulation of mGluR-mediated signaling with implications for memory consolidation or neurodegeneration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Reelin is an important neuromodulator, which in the adult brain controls synaptic plasticity and protects against neurodegeneration. Amyloid-β has been shown to use mGluRs to induce synaptic depression through endocytosis of NMDA and AMPA receptors, a mechanism referred to as LTD, a paradigm of forgetfulness. Our results show that Reelin regulates the phosphatase STEP, which plays an important role in neurodegeneration, as well as the expression of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors, which play a role in memory formation. These data suggest that Reelin uses mGluR LTD pathways to regulate memory formation as well as neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat S Durakoglugil
- Department of Molecular Genetics
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research
| | - Catherine R Wasser
- Department of Molecular Genetics
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research
| | - Connie H Wong
- Department of Molecular Genetics
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research
| | - Theresa Pohlkamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research
| | - Xunde Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Courtney Lane-Donovan
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | | | - Lea Naestle
- Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research
- Departments of Neuroscience and
- Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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32
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Fleitas C, Marfull-Oromí P, Chauhan D, Del Toro D, Peguera B, Zammou B, Rocandio D, Klein R, Espinet C, Egea J. FLRT2 and FLRT3 Cooperate in Maintaining the Tangential Migratory Streams of Cortical Interneurons during Development. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7350-7362. [PMID: 34301831 PMCID: PMC8412983 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0380-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuron migration is a hallmark of nervous system development that allows gathering of neurons from different origins for assembling of functional neuronal circuits. Cortical inhibitory interneurons arise in the ventral telencephalon and migrate tangentially forming three transient migratory streams in the cortex before reaching the final laminar destination. Although migration defects lead to the disruption of inhibitory circuits and are linked to aspects of psychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, the molecular mechanisms controlling cortical interneuron development and final layer positioning are incompletely understood. Here, we show that mouse embryos with a double deletion of FLRT2 and FLRT3 genes encoding cell adhesion molecules exhibit an abnormal distribution of interneurons within the streams during development, which in turn, affect the layering of somatostatin+ interneurons postnatally. Mechanistically, FLRT2 and FLRT3 proteins act in a noncell-autonomous manner, possibly through a repulsive mechanism. In support of such a conclusion, double knockouts deficient in the repulsive receptors for FLRTs, Unc5B and Unc5D, also display interneuron defects during development, similar to the FLRT2/FLRT3 mutants. Moreover, FLRT proteins are chemorepellent ligands for developing interneurons in vitro, an effect that is in part dependent on FLRT-Unc5 interaction. Together, we propose that FLRTs act through Unc5 receptors to control cortical interneuron distribution in a mechanism that involves cell repulsion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Disruption of inhibitory cortical circuits is responsible for some aspects of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or autism. These defects include interneuron migration during development. A crucial step during this process is the formation of three transient migratory streams within the developing cortex that determine the timing of interneuron final positioning and the formation of functional cortical circuits in the adult. We report that FLRT proteins are required for the proper distribution of interneurons within the cortical migratory streams and for the final laminar allocation in the postnatal cortex. These results expand the multifunctional role of FLRTs during nervous system development in addition to the role of FLRTs in axon guidance and the migration of excitatory cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Fleitas
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Pau Marfull-Oromí
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Disha Chauhan
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Toro
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Blanca Peguera
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bahira Zammou
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Daniel Rocandio
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carme Espinet
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Joaquim Egea
- Lleida Biomedical Research Institute, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
- Serra Hunter Associate Professor, Government of Catalonia, 08007, Spain
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Klüssendorf M, Song I, Schau L, Morellini F, Dityatev A, Koliwer J, Kreienkamp HJ. The Golgi-Associated PDZ Domain Protein Gopc/PIST Is Required for Synaptic Targeting of mGluR5. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5618-5634. [PMID: 34383253 PMCID: PMC8599212 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In neuronal cells, many membrane receptors interact via their intracellular, C-terminal tails with PSD-95/discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain proteins. Some PDZ proteins act as scaffold proteins. In addition, there are a few PDZ proteins such as Gopc which bind to receptors during intracellular transport. Gopc is localized at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and binds to a variety of receptors, many of which are eventually targeted to postsynaptic sites. We have analyzed the role of Gopc by knockdown in primary cultured neurons and by generating a conditional Gopc knockout (KO) mouse line. In neurons, targeting of neuroligin 1 (Nlgn1) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) to the plasma membrane was impaired upon depletion of Gopc, whereas NMDA receptors were not affected. In the hippocampus and cortex of Gopc KO animals, expression levels of Gopc-associated receptors were not altered, while their subcellular localization was disturbed. The targeting of mGlu5 to the postsynaptic density was reduced, coinciding with alterations in mGluR-dependent synaptic plasticity and deficiencies in a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. Our data imply Gopc in the correct subcellular sorting of its associated mGlu5 receptor in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Klüssendorf
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inseon Song
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lynn Schau
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Morellini
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Judith Koliwer
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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34
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Beniaguev D, Segev I, London M. Single cortical neurons as deep artificial neural networks. Neuron 2021; 109:2727-2739.e3. [PMID: 34380016 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing recent advances in machine learning, we introduce a systematic approach to characterize neurons' input/output (I/O) mapping complexity. Deep neural networks (DNNs) were trained to faithfully replicate the I/O function of various biophysical models of cortical neurons at millisecond (spiking) resolution. A temporally convolutional DNN with five to eight layers was required to capture the I/O mapping of a realistic model of a layer 5 cortical pyramidal cell (L5PC). This DNN generalized well when presented with inputs widely outside the training distribution. When NMDA receptors were removed, a much simpler network (fully connected neural network with one hidden layer) was sufficient to fit the model. Analysis of the DNNs' weight matrices revealed that synaptic integration in dendritic branches could be conceptualized as pattern matching from a set of spatiotemporal templates. This study provides a unified characterization of the computational complexity of single neurons and suggests that cortical networks therefore have a unique architecture, potentially supporting their computational power.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beniaguev
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Idan Segev
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Michael London
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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35
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Barua S, Sim AY, Kim JY, Shin I, Lee JE. Maintenance of the Neuroprotective Function of the Amino Group Blocked Fluorescence-Agmatine. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1933-1940. [PMID: 33914233 PMCID: PMC8254702 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine, an endogenous derivative of arginine, has been found to be effective in treating idiopathic pain, convulsion, stress-mediated behavior, and attenuate the withdrawal symptoms of drugs like morphine. In the early stages of ischemic brain injury in animals, exogenous agmatine treatment was found to be neuroprotective. Agmatine is also considered as a putative neurotransmitter and is still an experimental drug. Chemically, agmatine is called agmatine 1-(4-aminobutyl guanidine). Crystallographic study data show that positively-charged guanidine can bind to the protein containing Gly and Asp residues, and the amino group can interact with the complimentary sites of Glu and Ser. In this study, we blocked the amino end of the agmatine by conjugating it with FITC, but the guanidine end was unchanged. We compared the neuroprotective function of the agmatine and agmatine-FITC by treating them in neurons after excitotoxic stimulation. We found that even the amino end blocked neuronal viability in the excitotoxic condition, by NMDA treatment for 1 h, was increased by agmatine-FITC, which was similar to that of agmatine. We also found that the agmatine-FITC treatment reduced the expression of nitric oxide production in NMDA-treated cells. This study suggests that even if the amino end of agmatine is blocked, it can perform its neuroprotective function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Barua
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - A Young Sim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea
- BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Korea
- BK21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722 Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722 Korea
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36
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Sampathkumar V, Miller-Hansen A, Sherman SM, Kasthuri N. Integration of signals from different cortical areas in higher order thalamic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2104137118. [PMID: 34282018 PMCID: PMC8325356 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104137118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher order thalamic neurons receive driving inputs from cortical layer 5 and project back to the cortex, reflecting a transthalamic route for corticocortical communication. To determine whether or not individual neurons integrate signals from different cortical populations, we combined electron microscopy "connectomics" in mice with genetic labeling to disambiguate layer 5 synapses from somatosensory and motor cortices to the higher order thalamic posterior medial nucleus. A significant convergence of these inputs was found on 19 of 33 reconstructed thalamic cells, and as a population, the layer 5 synapses were larger and located more proximally on dendrites than were unlabeled synapses. Thus, many or most of these thalamic neurons do not simply relay afferent information but instead integrate signals as disparate in this case as those emanating from sensory and motor cortices. These findings add further depth and complexity to the role of the higher order thalamus in overall cortical functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Sampathkumar
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439
| | | | - S Murray Sherman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
| | - Narayanan Kasthuri
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439
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Lattke M, Goldstone R, Ellis JK, Boeing S, Jurado-Arjona J, Marichal N, MacRae JI, Berninger B, Guillemot F. Extensive transcriptional and chromatin changes underlie astrocyte maturation in vivo and in culture. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4335. [PMID: 34267208 PMCID: PMC8282848 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes have essential functions in brain homeostasis that are established late in differentiation, but the mechanisms underlying the functional maturation of astrocytes are not well understood. Here we identify extensive transcriptional changes that occur during murine astrocyte maturation in vivo that are accompanied by chromatin remodelling at enhancer elements. Investigating astrocyte maturation in a cell culture model revealed that in vitro-differentiated astrocytes lack expression of many mature astrocyte-specific genes, including genes for the transcription factors Rorb, Dbx2, Lhx2 and Fezf2. Forced expression of these factors in vitro induces distinct sets of mature astrocyte-specific transcripts. Culturing astrocytes in a three-dimensional matrix containing FGF2 induces expression of Rorb, Dbx2 and Lhx2 and improves astrocyte maturity based on transcriptional and chromatin profiles. Therefore, extrinsic signals orchestrate the expression of multiple intrinsic regulators, which in turn induce in a modular manner the transcriptional and chromatin changes underlying astrocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lattke
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Robert Goldstone
- Advanced Sequencing Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James K Ellis
- Metabolomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Software Development & Machine Learning Team, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jerónimo Jurado-Arjona
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolás Marichal
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James I MacRae
- Metabolomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Francois Guillemot
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Ho DH, Nam D, Jeong S, Seo MK, Park SW, Seol W, Son I. Expression of transduced nucleolin promotes the clearance of accumulated α-synuclein in rodent cells and animal model. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 154:105349. [PMID: 33781924 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is a major component of Lewy bodies, which are a known pathogenic marker of Parkinson's disease (PD). The dysfunction of protein degradation machinery causes αSyn accumulation. The reinforcement of αSyn degradation is a potential therapeutic target for PD because accumulated αSyn is responsible for the pathogenesis of PD. Nucleolin (NCL) is essential in the formation of the nucleolar structure. The function of NCL is correlated with oxidative stress-mediated cell death. A previous study demonstrated that NCL overexpression alleviated rotenone-induced neurotoxic effects, whereas knockdown of NCL had the opposite effect. These results suggest that NCL malfunction would exacerbate PD pathology. Thus, it was hypothesized that the introduction of ectopic NCL could rescue α-synucleinopathy in PD. This study investigated whether the ectopic expression of NCL facilitates αSyn clearance. Ectopic expression of NCL was accomplished via the transfection of green fluorescent protein (GFP) or GFP-NCL in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) or transduction of GFP or GFP-NCL using lentivirus in rat primary cortical neurons and mouse substantia nigra. NCL overexpression enhanced the clearance of accumulated or aggregated αSyn in MEFs and rat primary cortical neurons. The activity of the autophagy-lysosome pathway was enhanced by NCL expression. NCL transduction in the substantia nigra, which was co-injected with αSyn fibrils, rescued PD manifestation. The elevation of NCL levels may reflect a therapeutic strategy for α-synucleinopathy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Ho
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daleum Nam
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Wongi Seol
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhong Son
- InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Sanbon Medical Center, Wonkwang University, Gunpo-si 15865, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Couto J, Musall S, Sun XR, Khanal A, Gluf S, Saxena S, Kinsella I, Abe T, Cunningham JP, Paninski L, Churchland AK. Chronic, cortex-wide imaging of specific cell populations during behavior. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3241-3263. [PMID: 34075229 PMCID: PMC8788140 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of neuronal activity across brain areas are important for understanding the neural correlates of cognitive and motor processes such as attention, decision-making and action selection. However, techniques that allow cellular resolution measurements are expensive and require a high degree of technical expertise, which limits their broad use. Wide-field imaging of genetically encoded indicators is a high-throughput, cost-effective and flexible approach to measure activity of specific cell populations with high temporal resolution and a cortex-wide field of view. Here we outline our protocol for assembling a wide-field macroscope setup, performing surgery to prepare the intact skull and imaging neural activity chronically in behaving, transgenic mice. Further, we highlight a processing pipeline that leverages novel, cloud-based methods to analyze large-scale imaging datasets. The protocol targets laboratories that are seeking to build macroscopes, optimize surgical procedures for long-term chronic imaging and/or analyze cortex-wide neuronal recordings. The entire protocol, including steps for assembly and calibration of the macroscope, surgical preparation, imaging and data analysis, requires a total of 8 h. It is designed to be accessible to laboratories with limited expertise in imaging methods or interest in high-throughput imaging during behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Couto
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon Musall
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Biology 2, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiaonan R Sun
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Anup Khanal
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Gluf
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Shreya Saxena
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ian Kinsella
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taiga Abe
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Cunningham
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liam Paninski
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne K Churchland
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Neuroscience, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Golosio B, De Luca C, Capone C, Pastorelli E, Stegel G, Tiddia G, De Bonis G, Paolucci PS. Thalamo-cortical spiking model of incremental learning combining perception, context and NREM-sleep. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009045. [PMID: 34181642 PMCID: PMC8270441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain exhibits capabilities of fast incremental learning from few noisy examples, as well as the ability to associate similar memories in autonomously-created categories and to combine contextual hints with sensory perceptions. Together with sleep, these mechanisms are thought to be key components of many high-level cognitive functions. Yet, little is known about the underlying processes and the specific roles of different brain states. In this work, we exploited the combination of context and perception in a thalamo-cortical model based on a soft winner-take-all circuit of excitatory and inhibitory spiking neurons. After calibrating this model to express awake and deep-sleep states with features comparable with biological measures, we demonstrate the model capability of fast incremental learning from few examples, its resilience when proposed with noisy perceptions and contextual signals, and an improvement in visual classification after sleep due to induced synaptic homeostasis and association of similar memories. We created a thalamo-cortical spiking model (ThaCo) with the purpose of demonstrating a link among two phenomena that we believe to be essential for the brain capability of efficient incremental learning from few examples in noisy environments. Grounded in two experimental observations—the first about the effects of deep-sleep on pre- and post-sleep firing rate distributions, the second about the combination of perceptual and contextual information in pyramidal neurons—our model joins these two ingredients. ThaCo alternates phases of incremental learning, classification and deep-sleep. Memories of handwritten digit examples are learned through thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical plastic synapses. In absence of noise, the combination of contextual information with perception enables fast incremental learning. Deep-sleep becomes crucial when noisy inputs are considered. We observed in ThaCo both homeostatic and associative processes: deep-sleep fights noise in perceptual and internal knowledge and it supports the categorical association of examples belonging to the same digit class, through reinforcement of class-specific cortico-cortical synapses. The distributions of pre-sleep and post-sleep firing rates during classification change in a manner similar to those of experimental observation. These changes promote energetic efficiency during recall of memories, better representation of individual memories and categories and higher classification performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Golosio
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Ph.D. Program in Behavioural Neuroscience, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristiano Capone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Pastorelli
- Ph.D. Program in Behavioural Neuroscience, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stegel
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Tiddia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia De Bonis
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Tsyporin J, Tastad D, Ma X, Nehme A, Finn T, Huebner L, Liu G, Gallardo D, Makhamreh A, Roberts JM, Katzman S, Sestan N, McConnell SK, Yang Z, Qiu S, Chen B. Transcriptional repression by FEZF2 restricts alternative identities of cortical projection neurons. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109269. [PMID: 34161768 PMCID: PMC8327856 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Projection neuron subtype identities in the cerebral cortex are established by expressing pan-cortical and subtype-specific effector genes that execute terminal differentiation programs bestowing neurons with a glutamatergic neuron phenotype and subtype-specific morphology, physiology, and axonal projections. Whether pan-cortical glutamatergic and subtype-specific characteristics are regulated by the same genes or controlled by distinct programs remains largely unknown. Here, we show that FEZF2 functions as a transcriptional repressor, and it regulates subtype-specific identities of both corticothalamic and subcerebral neurons by selectively repressing expression of genes inappropriate for each neuronal subtype. We report that TLE4, specifically expressed in layer 6 corticothalamic neurons, is recruited by FEZF2 to inhibit layer 5 subcerebral neuronal genes. Together with previous studies, our results indicate that a cortical glutamatergic identity is specified by multiple parallel pathways active in progenitor cells, whereas projection neuron subtype-specific identity is achieved through selectively repressing genes associated with alternate identities in differentiating neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Tsyporin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - David Tastad
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Xiaokuang Ma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Antoine Nehme
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Thomas Finn
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Liora Huebner
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Guoping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Daisy Gallardo
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Amr Makhamreh
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Roberts
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Solomon Katzman
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Zhengang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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Moorman S, Ahn JR, Kao MH. Plasticity of stereotyped birdsong driven by chronic manipulation of cortical-basal ganglia activity. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2619-2632.e4. [PMID: 33974850 PMCID: PMC8222193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cortical-basal ganglia (CBG) circuits are critical for motor learning and performance, and are a major site of pathology. In songbirds, a CBG circuit regulates moment-by-moment variability in song and also enables song plasticity. Studies have shown that variable burst firing in LMAN, the output nucleus of this CBG circuit, actively drives acute song variability, but whether and how LMAN drives long-lasting changes in song remains unclear. Here, we ask whether chronic pharmacological augmentation of LMAN bursting is sufficient to drive plasticity in birds singing stereotyped songs. We show that altered LMAN activity drives cumulative changes in acoustic structure, timing, and sequencing over multiple days, and induces repetitions and silent pauses reminiscent of human stuttering. Changes persisted when LMAN was subsequently inactivated, indicating plasticity in song motor regions. Following cessation of pharmacological treatment, acoustic features and song sequence gradually recovered to their baseline values over a period of days to weeks. Together, our findings show that augmented bursting in CBG circuitry drives plasticity in well-learned motor skills, and may inform treatments for basal ganglia movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Moorman
- Psychology Department, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Biology Department, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Jae-Rong Ahn
- Biology Department, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Mimi H Kao
- Biology Department, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Bauer R, Clowry GJ, Kaiser M. Creative Destruction: A Basic Computational Model of Cortical Layer Formation. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3237-3253. [PMID: 33625496 PMCID: PMC8196252 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most characteristic properties of many vertebrate neural systems is the layered organization of different cell types. This cytoarchitecture exists in the cortex, the retina, the hippocampus, and many other parts of the central nervous system. The developmental mechanisms of neural layer formation have been subject to substantial experimental efforts. Here, we provide a general computational model for cortical layer formation in 3D physical space. We show that this multiscale, agent-based model, comprising two distinct stages of apoptosis, can account for the wide range of neuronal numbers encountered in different cortical areas and species. Our results demonstrate the phenotypic richness of a basic state diagram structure. Importantly, apoptosis allows for changing the thickness of one layer without automatically affecting other layers. Therefore, apoptosis increases the flexibility for evolutionary change in layer architecture. Notably, slightly changed gene regulatory dynamics recapitulate the characteristic properties observed in neurodevelopmental diseases. Overall, we propose a novel computational model using gene-type rules, exhibiting many characteristics of normal and pathological cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bauer
- Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Gavin J Clowry
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Marcus Kaiser
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5TG, UK
- Precision Imaging Beacon, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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Khayachi A, Ase A, Liao C, Kamesh A, Kuhlmann N, Schorova L, Chaumette B, Dion P, Alda M, Séguéla P, Rouleau G, Milnerwood A. Chronic lithium treatment alters the excitatory/ inhibitory balance of synaptic networks and reduces mGluR5-PKC signalling in mouse cortical neurons. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E402-E414. [PMID: 34077150 PMCID: PMC8327978 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bipolar disorder is characterized by cyclical alternation between mania and depression, often comorbid with psychosis and suicide. Compared with other medications, the mood stabilizer lithium is the most effective treatment for the prevention of manic and depressive episodes. However, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and lithium’s mode of action are yet to be fully understood. Evidence suggests a change in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory activity, favouring excitation in bipolar disorder. In the present study, we sought to establish a holistic understanding of the neuronal consequences of lithium exposure in mouse cortical neurons, and to identify underlying mechanisms of action. Methods We used a range of technical approaches to determine the effects of acute and chronic lithium treatment on mature mouse cortical neurons. We combined RNA screening and biochemical and electrophysiological approaches with confocal immunofluorescence and live-cell calcium imaging. Results We found that only chronic lithium treatment significantly reduced intracellular calcium flux, specifically by activating metabotropic glutamatergic receptor 5. This was associated with altered phosphorylation of protein kinase C and glycogen synthase kinase 3, reduced neuronal excitability and several alterations to synapse function. Consequently, lithium treatment shifts the excitatory–inhibitory balance toward inhibition. Limitations The mechanisms we identified should be validated in future by similar experiments in whole animals and human neurons. Conclusion Together, the results revealed how lithium dampens neuronal excitability and the activity of the glutamatergic network, both of which are predicted to be overactive in the manic phase of bipolar disorder. Our working model of lithium action enables the development of targeted strategies to restore the balance of overactive networks, mimicking the therapeutic benefits of lithium but with reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Khayachi
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Khayachi, Ase, Liao, Kamesh, Kuhlmann, Dion, Séguéla Rouleau, Milnerwood); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Rouleau); McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Que., Canada (Schorova); the Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Que., Canada (Chaumette); and the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Alda)
| | - Ariel Ase
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Khayachi, Ase, Liao, Kamesh, Kuhlmann, Dion, Séguéla Rouleau, Milnerwood); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Rouleau); McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Que., Canada (Schorova); the Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Que., Canada (Chaumette); and the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Alda)
| | - Calwing Liao
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Khayachi, Ase, Liao, Kamesh, Kuhlmann, Dion, Séguéla Rouleau, Milnerwood); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Rouleau); McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Que., Canada (Schorova); the Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Que., Canada (Chaumette); and the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Alda)
| | - Anusha Kamesh
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Khayachi, Ase, Liao, Kamesh, Kuhlmann, Dion, Séguéla Rouleau, Milnerwood); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Rouleau); McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Que., Canada (Schorova); the Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Que., Canada (Chaumette); and the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Alda)
| | - Naila Kuhlmann
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Khayachi, Ase, Liao, Kamesh, Kuhlmann, Dion, Séguéla Rouleau, Milnerwood); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Rouleau); McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Que., Canada (Schorova); the Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Que., Canada (Chaumette); and the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Alda)
| | - Lenka Schorova
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Khayachi, Ase, Liao, Kamesh, Kuhlmann, Dion, Séguéla Rouleau, Milnerwood); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Rouleau); McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Que., Canada (Schorova); the Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Que., Canada (Chaumette); and the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Alda)
| | - Boris Chaumette
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Khayachi, Ase, Liao, Kamesh, Kuhlmann, Dion, Séguéla Rouleau, Milnerwood); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Rouleau); McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Que., Canada (Schorova); the Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Que., Canada (Chaumette); and the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Alda)
| | - Patrick Dion
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Khayachi, Ase, Liao, Kamesh, Kuhlmann, Dion, Séguéla Rouleau, Milnerwood); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Rouleau); McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Que., Canada (Schorova); the Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Que., Canada (Chaumette); and the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Alda)
| | - Martin Alda
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Khayachi, Ase, Liao, Kamesh, Kuhlmann, Dion, Séguéla Rouleau, Milnerwood); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Rouleau); McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Que., Canada (Schorova); the Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Que., Canada (Chaumette); and the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Alda)
| | - Philippe Séguéla
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Khayachi, Ase, Liao, Kamesh, Kuhlmann, Dion, Séguéla Rouleau, Milnerwood); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Rouleau); McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Que., Canada (Schorova); the Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Que., Canada (Chaumette); and the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Alda)
| | - Guy Rouleau
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Khayachi, Ase, Liao, Kamesh, Kuhlmann, Dion, Séguéla Rouleau, Milnerwood); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Rouleau); McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Que., Canada (Schorova); the Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Que., Canada (Chaumette); and the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Alda)
| | - Austen Milnerwood
- From the Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Khayachi, Ase, Liao, Kamesh, Kuhlmann, Dion, Séguéla Rouleau, Milnerwood); the Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada (Rouleau); McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, Que., Canada (Schorova); the Université de Paris, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France (Chaumette); the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal Que., Canada (Chaumette); and the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Alda)
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Abstract
Childhood socio-economic status (SES), a measure of the availability of material and social resources, is one of the strongest predictors of lifelong well-being. Here we review evidence that experiences associated with childhood SES affect not only the outcome but also the pace of brain development. We argue that higher childhood SES is associated with protracted structural brain development and a prolonged trajectory of functional network segregation, ultimately leading to more efficient cortical networks in adulthood. We hypothesize that greater exposure to chronic stress accelerates brain maturation, whereas greater access to novel positive experiences decelerates maturation. We discuss the impact of variation in the pace of brain development on plasticity and learning. We provide a generative theoretical framework to catalyse future basic science and translational research on environmental influences on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula A Tooley
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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46
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Yin J, Chen H, Li S, Zhang S, Guo X. Blockage of miR-485-5p on Cortical Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Through Inactivating MAPK Pathway. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:256-266. [PMID: 32719988 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study is designed to explore the role of miR-485-5p in hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced neuronal injury in primary rat cortical neurons. Hypoxia/reoxygenation model was established through oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). RN-c cells were transfected with miR-485-5p mimics, miR-485-5p inhibitors, si-SOX6, pCNDA3.1-SOX6 or miR-485-5p + pCDNA3.1-SOX6, in which cell viability, apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate were assessed. Western blot detected the protein expressions of apoptotic-related proteins (caspase3, Bcl-2, Bax) and the phosphorylated level of ERK1/2. The potential binding sites between miR-485-5p and SOX6 were predicted by STARBASE and identified using dual luciferase reporter gene assay. OGD/R-treated RN-c cell presented increases in apoptosis and LDH release rate as well as a decrease in cell viability. miR-485-5p was downregulated while SOX6 was upregulated in OGD/R-treated RN-c cells. Overexpression of miR-485-5p or SOX6 knockdown rescued cell viability and Bcl-2 expression, while attenuated apoptosis, LDH release rate, expression of SOX6 and the phosphorylated level of ERK1/2. Consistently, miR-485-5p inhibition led to the reverse pattern. Co-transfection of miR-485-5p and SOX6 reversed the protective effect of miR-485-5p on OGD/R-induced neuronal apoptosis. miR-485-5p can directly target SOX6. Together, miR-485-5p inhibited SOX6 to alleviate OGD/R-induced apoptosis. Collectively, miR-485-5p protects primary cortical neurons against hypoxia injury through downregulating SOX6 and inhibiting MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangliu Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changsha Central Hospital of University of South China, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Chen
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Prevent and Control, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Suonan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changsha Central Hospital of University of South China, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changsha Central Hospital of University of South China, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xieli Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital of Quanzhou Medical College, No. 392, Xinhua Road, Meiling Street, Quanzhou, 362200, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Porges EC, Jensen G, Foster B, Edden RAE, Puts NAJ. The trajectory of cortical GABA across the lifespan, an individual participant data meta-analysis of edited MRS studies. eLife 2021; 10:e62575. [PMID: 34061022 PMCID: PMC8225386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain and can be measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Conflicting accounts report decreases and increases in cortical GABA levels across the lifespan. This incompatibility may be an artifact of the size and age range of the samples utilized in these studies. No single study to date has included the entire lifespan. In this study, eight suitable datasets were integrated to generate a model of the trajectory of frontal GABA estimates (as reported through edited MRS; both expressed as ratios and in institutional units) across the lifespan. Data were fit using both a log-normal curve and a nonparametric spline as regression models using a multi-level Bayesian model utilizing the Stan language. Integrated data show that an asymmetric lifespan trajectory of frontal GABA measures involves an early period of increase, followed by a period of stability during early adulthood, with a gradual decrease during adulthood and aging that is described well by both spline and log-normal models. The information gained will provide a general framework to inform expectations of future studies based on the age of the population being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- McKnight Brain Research Foundation, University of FloridaUnited StatesUnited States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Greg Jensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Brent Foster
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
- McKnight Brain Research Foundation, University of FloridaUnited StatesUnited States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Richard AE Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Nicolaas AJ Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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48
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Zelleroth S, Nylander E, Örtenblad A, Stam F, Nyberg F, Grönbladh A, Hallberg M. Structurally different anabolic androgenic steroids reduce neurite outgrowth and neuronal viability in primary rat cortical cell cultures. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 210:105863. [PMID: 33677017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) among adolescents and young adults is a major concern due to the unknown and unpredictable impact of AAS on the developing brain and the consequences of this on mental health, cognitive function and behaviour. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of supra-physiological doses of four structurally different AAS (testosterone, nandrolone, stanozolol and trenbolone) on neurite development and cell viability using an in vitro model of immature primary rat cortical cell cultures. A high-throughput screening image-based approach, measuring the neurite length and number of neurons, was used for the analysis of neurite outgrowth. In addition, cell viability and expression of the Tubb3 gene (encoding the protein beta-III tubulin) were investigated. Testosterone, nandrolone, and trenbolone elicited adverse effects on neurite outgrowth as deduced from an observed reduced neurite length per neuron. Trenbolone was the only AAS that reduced the cell viability as indicated by a decreased number of neurons and declined mitochondrial function. Moreover, trenbolone downregulated the Tubb3 mRNA expression. The adverse impact on neurite development was neither inhibited nor supressed by the selective androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, flutamide, suggesting that the observed effects result from another mechanism or mechanisms of action that are operating apart from AR activation. The results demonstrate a possible AAS-induced detrimental effect on neuronal development and regenerative functions. An impact on these events, that are essential mechanisms for maintaining normal brain function, could possibly contribute to behavioural alterations seen in AAS users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Zelleroth
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Erik Nylander
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Axel Örtenblad
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Frida Stam
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Fred Nyberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Alfhild Grönbladh
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Mathias Hallberg
- The Beijer Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biological Research on Drug Dependence, SE-751 24, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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49
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Contreras SA, Schleimer JH, Gulledge AT, Schreiber S. Activity-mediated accumulation of potassium induces a switch in firing pattern and neuronal excitability type. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008510. [PMID: 34043638 PMCID: PMC8205125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During normal neuronal activity, ionic concentration gradients across a neuron’s membrane are often assumed to be stable. Prolonged spiking activity, however, can reduce transmembrane gradients and affect voltage dynamics. Based on mathematical modeling, we investigated the impact of neuronal activity on ionic concentrations and, consequently, the dynamics of action potential generation. We find that intense spiking activity on the order of a second suffices to induce changes in ionic reversal potentials and to consistently induce a switch from a regular to an intermittent firing mode. This transition is caused by a qualitative alteration in the system’s voltage dynamics, mathematically corresponding to a co-dimension-two bifurcation from a saddle-node on invariant cycle (SNIC) to a homoclinic orbit bifurcation (HOM). Our electrophysiological recordings in mouse cortical pyramidal neurons confirm the changes in action potential dynamics predicted by the models: (i) activity-dependent increases in intracellular sodium concentration directly reduce action potential amplitudes, an effect typically attributed solely to sodium channel inactivation; (ii) extracellular potassium accumulation switches action potential generation from tonic firing to intermittently interrupted output. Thus, individual neurons may respond very differently to the same input stimuli, depending on their recent patterns of activity and/or the current brain-state. Ionic concentrations in the brain are not constant. We show that during intense neuronal activity, they can change on the order of seconds and even switch neuronal spiking patterns under identical stimulation from a regular firing mode to an intermittently interrupted one. Triggered by an accumulation of extracellular potassium, such a transition is caused by a specific, qualitative change in of the neuronal voltage dynamics—a so-called bifurcation—which affects crucial features of action-potential generation and bears consequences for how information is encoded and how neurons behave together in the network. Also, changes in intracellular sodium can induce measurable effects, like a reduction of spike amplitude that occurs independently of the fast amplitude effects attributed to sodium channel inactivation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that a neuron can respond very differently to the same stimulus, depending on its previous activity or the current brain state. This finding may be particularly relevant when other regulatory mechanisms of ionic homeostasis are challenged, for example, during pathological states of glial impairment or oxygen deprivation. Finally, categorization of cortical neurons as intrinsically bursting or regular spiking may be biased by the ionic concentrations at the time of the observation, highlighting the non-static nature of neuronal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Andrea Contreras
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Schleimer
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Allan T. Gulledge
- Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Susanne Schreiber
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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50
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Milos F, Tullii G, Gobbo F, Lodola F, Galeotti F, Verpelli C, Mayer D, Maybeck V, Offenhäusser A, Antognazza MR. High Aspect Ratio and Light-Sensitive Micropillars Based on a Semiconducting Polymer Optically Regulate Neuronal Growth. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:23438-23451. [PMID: 33983012 PMCID: PMC8161421 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Many nano- and microstructured devices capable of promoting neuronal growth and network formation have been previously investigated. In certain cases, topographical cues have been successfully complemented with external bias, by employing electrically conducting scaffolds. However, the use of optical stimulation with topographical cues was rarely addressed in this context, and the development of light-addressable platforms for modulating and guiding cellular growth and proliferation remains almost completely unexplored. Here, we develop high aspect ratio micropillars based on a prototype semiconducting polymer, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), as an optically active, three-dimensional platform for embryonic cortical neurons. P3HT micropillars provide a mechanically compliant environment and allow a close contact with neuronal cells. The combined action of nano/microtopography and visible light excitation leads to effective optical modulation of neuronal growth and orientation. Embryonic neurons cultured on polymer pillars show a clear polarization effect and, upon exposure to optical excitation, a significant increase in both neurite and axon length. The biocompatible, microstructured, and light-sensitive platform developed here opens up the opportunity to optically regulate neuronal growth in a wireless, repeatable, and spatio-temporally controlled manner without genetic modification. This approach may be extended to other cell models, thus uncovering interesting applications of photonic devices in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frano Milos
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- RWTH
University Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Tullii
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Gobbo
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Physics
Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche G. Natta (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Verpelli
- Istituto
di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle
Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing IBI-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- RWTH
University Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
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