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Ahmed M, Farris E, Swanson RV, Das S, Yang Y, Martin T, Khader SA. Saponin TQL1055 adjuvant-containing vaccine confers protection upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2302070. [PMID: 38190806 PMCID: PMC10793695 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2302070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), affects the lungs of infected individuals (pulmonary TB) but can also affect other sites (extrapulmonary TB). The only licensed vaccine Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) protects infants and young children but exhibits variable efficacy in protecting against adult pulmonary TB. Poor compliance and prolonged treatment regimens associated with the use of chemotherapy has contributed to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb. Thus, there is an urgent need for the design of more effective vaccines against TB. The development of safe and novel adjuvants for human use is critical. In this study, we demonstrate that saponin-based TQL1055 adjuvant when formulated with a TLR4 agonist (PHAD) and Mtb specific immunodominant antigens (ESAT-6 and Ag85B) and delivered intramuscularly in mice, the SA-TB vaccine induced potent lung immune responses. Additionally, the SA-TB vaccine conferred significant protection against Mtb infection, comparable with levels induced by BCG. These findings support the development of a SA-TB vaccine comprising TQL1055, as a novel, safe and effective TB vaccine for potential use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Farris
- Adjuvance Technologies Inc, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Rosemary V. Swanson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Tamrakar D, Poudel P, Thapa P, Singh S, Khadgi A, Thapa S, Tamrakar R, Shrestha A, Madhup S, Rai GK, Gupta BP, Saluja T, Sahastrabuddhe S, Shrestha R. Safety and immunogenicity of conjugate vaccine for typhoid (Vi-DT): Finding from an observer-blind, active-controlled, randomized, non-inferiority, phase III clinical trial among healthy volunteers. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2301631. [PMID: 38189360 PMCID: PMC10793708 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2301631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Typhoid fever is a significant public health concern with most of the sufferers between 15 and 25 y of age in Nepal. We undertook this study to demonstrate Vi polysaccharide conjugated with diphtheria toxoid (Vi-DT) conjugate vaccine which is non-inferior to Typbar typhoid conjugate vaccine, a Vi polysaccharide vaccine conjugated with tetanus toxoid (Vi-TT) with a focus on the adult population from Dhulikhel Hospital which was one of the total four sites in Nepal. In this study, we assigned the eligible participants in 1:1:1:1 ratio by block randomization, and stratified into three age groups (6 months to less than 2 y, 2 y to less than 18 y, and 18 y to 45 y), allotted to Group A, B, C, and D. Group A, B, and C received 25 μg (0.5 mL) of Vi-DT study vaccine and participants in Group D received 25 μg (0.5 mL) Vi-TT vaccine. We descriptively analyzed safety in all the participants receiving one dose of the investigational vaccine. The anti-Vi-IgG seroconversion rate in Vi-DT recipients was 99.71% (97.5% CI 98.04-99.96; 344 of 345 participants) and 99.13% (94.27-99.87; 114 of 115) in Vi-TT recipients which indicates that Vi-DT vaccine is non-inferior to Vi-TT vaccine. In safety aspect, 16.81% of total subject had at least one solicited adverse reaction and 22.61% of the Vi-TT participants experienced at least one solicited adverse reaction with most of them being local adverse reactions. None of the enrolled participants reported serious adverse events. Our study shows that a single dose of the Vi-DT vaccine is immunogenic, safe to administer and non-inferior to the Vi-TT vaccine four weeks after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Tamrakar
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Pranodan Poudel
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Pragya Thapa
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Srijana Singh
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Amit Khadgi
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Sameera Thapa
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | | | - Anmol Shrestha
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Surendra Madhup
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | | | | | - Tarun Saluja
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Rajeev Shrestha
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
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Shah N, Ghosh A, Kumar K, Dutta T, Mahajan M. A review of safety and immunogenicity of a novel measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2302685. [PMID: 38236022 PMCID: PMC10798359 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2302685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) are highly infectious viral diseases affecting young children and have high secondary attack rates. Present MMR vaccines show consistent seroconversion rates for anti-measles and anti-rubella antibodies with variable responses for anti-mumps antibodies. Most common strains for MMR vaccines, currently available in India, are the Edmonston-Zagreb measles strain, Leningrad Zagreb (L-Z) mumps strain, and the RA 27/3 rubella strain. L-Z strain of mumps virus has been found to be associated with aseptic meningitis by different studies from different parts of the world including India. Recently, a novel freeze-dried MMR vaccine developed by Zydus Lifesciences (Zyvac MMR) contains Edmonston Zagreb measles strain, Hoshino mumps strain, and RA 27/3 rubella strain. The Hoshino strain is WHO approved and was found to induce interferon gamma production. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive appraisal of the data available on the safety and immunogenicity of the novel MMR vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shah
- Department of Peadiatrics, P.D Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Apurba Ghosh
- Department of Peadiatrics, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India
| | - Kishore Kumar
- Department of Peadiatrics, CloudNine Group of Hospitals, Bengaluru, India
| | - Trayambak Dutta
- Medical Affairs, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Zydus Corporate Park, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Manish Mahajan
- Medical Affairs, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Zydus Corporate Park, Ahmedabad, India
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Andreassen M, Borgestig M, Hemmingsson H. The psychosocial impact of eye-gaze assistive technology on everyday life of children and adults. Ann Med 2024; 56:2318397. [PMID: 38442288 PMCID: PMC10916903 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2318397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates the psychosocial impact of eye-gaze assistive technology (EGAT) in both children and adults with long-term experience using eye-gaze assistive technology in everyday life, as well as the psychosocial impact as related to duration of use. METHODS In this descriptive comparative study, 34 adult and 27 child EGAT users participated in a structured individual interview using the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale (PIADS). RESULTS The participants' age ranged from 5-74 years, 50% were female and 52% had been diagnosed with cerebral palsy. The EGAT had a positive psychosocial impact on competence, adaptability, and self-esteem among adult and child users. Competence was the only subscale with a higher value for adults (p = 0.038), compared to children. The items with the highest impact for the psychosocial aspects were quality of life, ability to participate, and self-esteem. The adults had longer duration of use than children, but for high-, medium-, and low-duration users, the device showed a positive psychosocial impact. CONCLUSIONS Participants considered EGAT to have high positive impacts for participation and quality of life. The study adds new knowledge in that high positive psychosocial impact may be found even among low-duration users of EGAT, which is important to consider for service providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andreassen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Borgestig
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Hemmingsson
- Department of Special Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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El Sharkawy M, Felix JF, Grote V, Voortman T, Jaddoe VWV, Koletzko B, Küpers LK. Animal and plant protein intake during infancy and childhood DNA methylation: a meta-analysis in the NutriPROGRAM consortium. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2299045. [PMID: 38198623 PMCID: PMC10793674 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2299045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher early-life animal protein intake is associated with a higher childhood obesity risk compared to plant protein intake. Differential DNA methylation may represent an underlying mechanism. METHODS We analysed associations of infant animal and plant protein intakes with DNA methylation in early (2-6 years, N = 579) and late (7̄-12 years, N = 604) childhood in two studies. Study-specific robust linear regression models adjusted for relevant confounders were run, and then meta-analysed using a fixed-effects model. We also performed sex-stratified meta-analyses. Follow-up analyses included pathway analysis and eQTM look-up. RESULTS Infant animal protein intake was not associated with DNA methylation in early childhood, but was associated with late-childhood DNA methylation at cg21300373 (P = 4.27 × 10¯8, MARCHF1) and cg10633363 (P = 1.09 × 10¯7, HOXB9) after FDR correction. Infant plant protein intake was associated with early-childhood DNA methylation at cg25973293 (P = 2.26 × 10-7, C1orf159) and cg15407373 (P = 2.13 × 10-7, MBP) after FDR correction. There was no overlap between the findings from the animal and plant protein analyses. We did not find enriched functional pathways at either time point using CpGs associated with animal and plant protein. These CpGs were not previously associated with childhood gene expression. Sex-stratified meta-analyses showed sex-specific DNA methylation associations for both animal and plant protein intake. CONCLUSION Infant animal protein intake was associated with DNA methylation at two CpGs in late childhood. Infant plant protein intake was associated with DNA methylation in early childhood at two CpGs. A potential mediating role of DNA methylation at these CpGs between infant protein intake and health outcomes requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El Sharkawy
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Medical Research School, Faculty of Medicine, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Janine F. Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leanne K. Küpers
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Regina Malveste Ito C, Santos MO, de Oliveira Cunha M, de Araújo KM, de Souza GRL, Rézio GS, de Brito PN, Rezende APC, Fonseca JG, Wastowski IJ, Gonçalves Vieira JD, Gomes Avelino MA, Carneiro LC. Rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Virulence 2024; 15:2310873. [PMID: 38384141 PMCID: PMC10885176 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2310873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus causes respiratory tract infections in children and is found in co-infections. The objective of this research was to study the clinical profile of rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the COVID-19 pandemic period. We included 606 children ranging in age from 0.1 to 144 months of age from March 2020 to December 2021, hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The samples were collected by secretion from the nasopharynx region. A total of 259 children were tested positive for viral infection, 153 (59.07%) of them had a single rhinovirus infection and, 56 (36.6%) were aged between 60.1 and 144 months. Nine types of co-infections were identified and were found coinfection with three or more viruses (22/104, 21.15%). Observing the seasonality, the number of cases was similar between 2020 (49.53%) and 2021 (51.47%). Patients with a single infection (86.88%) and coinfection (67.30%) were more likely to have coughed. Patients with co-infection required the use of O2 for longer than those with a single rhinovirus infection. Hemogram results obtained from individuals with a single infection had higher levels of urea when compared to patients with co-infection with and other respiratory viruses. Multiple correspondence analyses indicated different clinical symptoms and comorbidities in patients with co-infection compared to those with single infection. The results found that the rhinovirus was much prevalent virus during the pandemic period and was found in co-infection with other virus types, what is important to diagnostic for the correct treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Regina Malveste Ito
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás- 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mônica Oliveira Santos
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás- 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Oliveira Cunha
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás- 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Kelliane Martins de Araújo
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás- 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rocha Lino de Souza
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biologic Science Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Camp, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Geovana Sôffa Rézio
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna Neta de Brito
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alana Parreira Costa Rezende
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Godinho Fonseca
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Isabela Jubé Wastowski
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory of Goiás State University, Laranjeiras Unity Prof. Alfredo de Castro neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - José Daniel Gonçalves Vieira
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás- 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Melissa Ameloti Gomes Avelino
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Goiás, Universitaria Avenue, Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lilian Carla Carneiro
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás- 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Temte J, Barlow S, Temte E, Goss M. Rapid Antigen Testing in School Health Offices for Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A. Ann Fam Med 2024; 21. [PMID: 38271206 DOI: 10.1370/afm.22.s1.4841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Context: Evaluation of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) has been disrupted by the SARS-CoV-2 (SC2) pandemic, limiting comprehensive surveillance for respiratory pathogens in clinical settings. Alternatives to using medically attended ARI for public health surveillance are needed. A potential approach involves assessing children and school personnel in school health offices (SHOs) as pandemic-related responses enhanced innovative approaches for SC2 testing in novel settings. Objective: Evaluate the comparability of SC2 and influenza A (FLuA) detection based on rapid antigen testing in SHOs to traditional surveillance systems. Study Design: Prospective evaluation of results from rapid antigen testing for SC2 and FluA in SHOs of a suburban/rural school district compared to large-scale, countywide detection of SC2 and clinic-based surveillance of FluA using cross correlation analyses. Setting: Oregon School District (OSD) in Dane County (DC: southcentral Wisconsin) over two academic years (September 2021-April 2023). Population Studied: School-aged children (4-18 years) and school staff/teachers reporting to SHOs with ARI symptoms. Comparator data included all PCR-based testing for SC2 reported to Public Health Madison & Dane County and PCR-based testing for influenza at five family medicine clinics in DC. Intervention/Instrument: Quidel Sofia SARS/Influenza Fluorescent Immunoassay with wireless transmission of anonymous results to a cloud-based server with availability to the study team. Outcome Measures: Cross correlation and lag estimates for weekly counts of SC2 and FLuA cases comparing school-based and community-based results. Results: The SHOs at the 7 OSD schools performed 1,508 tests with few invalid tests (n=7; 0.46%). Participants had a wide age range [1-71 years] with a median age of 13 years, and included 1,145 (76%) students. SC2: 118 and 119,630 cases were identified in OSD and DC, respectively. The maximum cross correlation (r=0.82) occurred with no time lag. FluA: 61 and 75 cases were identified in OSD and DC, respectively. The maximum cross correlation (r=0.69) occurred with DC lagging OSD by 1 week. Conclusions: Surveillance for significant respiratory pathogens can be based on rapid antigen testing within SHOs, is highly comparable with larger scale surveillance programs, and demonstrates either advanced (FluA) or concurrent detections (SC2). Performance of similar programs are needed in other geographical areas and for other pathogens.
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Merenstein D, Sparenborg J, Tan T, D'Amico F, Kumar A, Herbin Smith K. Efficacy and Safety of BB-12 Supplemented Strawberry Yogurt For Healthy Children on Antibiotics (PLAY ON). Ann Fam Med 2024; 21. [PMID: 38271203 DOI: 10.1370/afm.22.s1.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Context: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. One of the most common indications for probiotic treatment is the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Unfortunately, many probiotic products used for AAD are not supported by rigorous independent research, and often results in non-evidence-based usage. The overarching objective is to move research forward for the most well-studied Bifidobacterium strain. Objectives: The primary aim is to test the efficacy of high dose, BB-12-supplemented yogurt in preventing AAD, compared to yogurt without BB-12, in children receiving antibiotics. Other aims are to further assess the safety of yogurt supplemented with BB-12, and to carry out longitudinal community structure and gene expression analysis of fecal microbiota to evaluate the impact of high dose BB-12 in a pediatric population receiving antibiotics. The microbiota includes hundreds of species, and its disruption is hypothesized to be an important factor in the development of AAD. AIM 1: To test the efficacy of high dose, BB-12-supplemented yogurt in preventing AAD, compared to yogurt without BB-12, in children receiving antibiotics. Hypothesis: Children receiving antibiotics who receive the yogurt with BB-12 will demonstrate less diarrhea than those receiving a control yogurt without BB-12. This is a Phase II trial that requires additional safety evaluation of high dose BB-12. Hypotheses 3: Administration of antibiotics will alter the composition and gene expression profile of the gut microbiota in pediatric patients, and concomitant ingestion of BB-12 in yogurt will mitigate the antibiotic-induced disturbance in the gut microbiota, as identified using 16S rRNA and metatranscriptomic profiling. Study Design and Analysis: We will finish in the June 2023 a Phase II, randomized, doubleblinded controlled trial with allocation concealment. Setting: Capital Areal Primary Care Practice Based Research Network. Population Studied: 270 patients, ages 3-12 years, clinically diagnosed with a respiratory infection requiring 7-10 days of antibiotics. Interventions: The two arms are, BB-12-supplemented yogurt and non-supplemented control yogurt, in a 1:1 randomized allocation. Participants of all ages will be asked to consume the same dose, 100 ml, of product per day. The 100 ml serving of probiotic yogurt will deliver ≥1010 CFU of BB-12. The BB-12 probiotic was not be added.
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Ochayon DE, DeVore SB, Chang WC, Krishnamurthy D, Seelamneni H, Grashel B, Spagna D, Andorf S, Martin LJ, Biagini JM, Waggoner SN, Khurana Hershey GK. Progressive accumulation of hyperinflammatory NKG2D low NK cells in early childhood severe atopic dermatitis. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadd3085. [PMID: 38335270 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that often precedes the development of food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. The prevailing paradigm holds that a reduced frequency and function of natural killer (NK) cell contributes to AD pathogenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms and contributions of NK cells to allergic comorbidities remain ill-defined. Here, analysis of circulating NK cells in a longitudinal early life cohort of children with AD revealed a progressive accumulation of NK cells with low expression of the activating receptor NKG2D, which was linked to more severe AD and sensitivity to allergens. This was most notable in children co-sensitized to food and aeroallergens, a risk factor for development of asthma. Individual-level longitudinal analysis in a subset of children revealed coincident reduction of NKG2D on NK cells with acquired or persistent sensitization, and this was associated with impaired skin barrier function assessed by transepidermal water loss. Low expression of NKG2D on NK cells was paradoxically associated with depressed cytolytic function but exaggerated release of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. These observations provide important insights into a potential mechanism underlying the development of allergic comorbidity in early life in children with AD, which involves altered NK cell functional responses, and define an endotype of severe AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Ochayon
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stanley B DeVore
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cancer and Cell Biology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wan-Chi Chang
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Durga Krishnamurthy
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Harsha Seelamneni
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brittany Grashel
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Spagna
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sandra Andorf
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephen N Waggoner
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Cancer and Cell Biology Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Warner LL, Thalji L, Hunter Guevara LR, Warner MA, Kor DJ, Warner DO, Hanson AC, Nemergut ME. Transfusion targets and adverse events in pediatric perioperative acute Anemia. J Clin Anesth 2024; 94:111405. [PMID: 38309132 PMCID: PMC10939750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between pretransfusion and posttransfusion hemoglobin concentrations and the outcomes of children undergoing noncardiac surgery. DESIGN Retrospective review of patient records. We focused on initial postoperative hemoglobin concentrations, which may provide a more useful representation of transfusion adequacy than pretransfusion hemoglobin triggers (the latter often cannot be obtained during acute surgical hemorrhage). SETTING Single-center, observational cohort study. PATIENTS We evaluated all pediatric patients undergoing noncardiac surgery who received intraoperative red blood cell transfusions from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2018. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS Associations between pre- and posttransfusion hemoglobin concentrations (g/dL), hospital-free days, intensive care unit admission, postoperative mechanical ventilation, and infectious complications were evaluated with multivariable regression modeling. MAIN RESULTS In total, 113,713 unique noncardiac surgical procedures in pediatric patients were evaluated, and 741 procedures met inclusion criteria (median [range] age, 7 [1-14] years). Four hundred ninety-eight patients (68%) with a known preoperative hemoglobin level had anemia; of these, 14% had a preexisting diagnosis of anemia in their health record. Median (IQR) pretransfusion hemoglobin concentration was 8.1 (7.4-9.2) g/dL and median (IQR) initial postoperative hemoglobin concentration was 10.4 (9.3-11.6) g/dL. Each decrease of 1 g/dL in the initial postoperative hemoglobin concentration was associated with increased odds of transfusion within the first 24 postoperative hours (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.62 [1.37-1.93]; P < .001). No significant relationships were observed between postoperative hemoglobin concentrations and hospital-free days (P = .56), intensive care unit admission (P = .71), postoperative mechanical ventilation (P = .63), or infectious complications (P = .74). CONCLUSIONS In transfused patients, there was no association between postoperative hemoglobin values and clinical outcomes, except the need for subsequent transfusion. Most transfused patients presented to the operating room with anemia, which suggests a potential opportunity for perioperative optimization of health before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay L Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| | - Leanne Thalji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Lindsay R Hunter Guevara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Matthew A Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Daryl J Kor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - David O Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Andrew C Hanson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Michael E Nemergut
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Drs L. Warner, Thalji, Hunter Guevara, M. Warner, Kor, D. Warner, and Nemergut) and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (Mr Hanson), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
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11
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Rohmah I, Chen YC, Lin CJ, Tsao NH, Chiu HY. Diagnostic accuracy of the pediatric CAM-ICU, pre-school CAM-ICU, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium and Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium for detecting delirium in the pediatric intensive care unit: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2024; 82:103606. [PMID: 38158251 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Delirium is a frequent complication of critical illness, affecting 34% of children admitted to pediatric intensive care units. The commonly used tools for detecting delirium in the pediatric intensive care unit include the Pediatric Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit (ICU, pCAM-ICU), Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (psCAM-ICU), Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium and the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium. DATA SOURCES We searched four electronic databases for relevant articles from inception to March 1, 2023. STUDY SELECTION All full-text observational studies examining the sensitivity and specificity of the four tools for screening delirium in the pediatric intensive care units were included. DATA EXTRACTION Two researchers independently identified articles, extracted data, and retrieved the diagnostic accuracy parameters of the pediatric CAM-ICU, pre-school CAM-ICU, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium, and Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium relative to standard references. A bivariate diagnostic statistical analysis with a random-effects model was performed. DATA SYNTHESIS Four, five, three and seven studies on the pediatric CAM-ICU, pre-school CAM-ICU, Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium, and Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium, respectively, were identified. Due to the limited number of Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium articles included, no pooled diagnostic accuracy was produced. The pooled sensitivity was 0.73, 0.84, and 0.95 for the pediatric CAM-ICU, pre-school CAM-ICU, and Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium, respectively, whereas the pooled specificity was 0.98, 0.90, and 0.81, respectively. The Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium had greater sensitivity compared to both the pediatric CAM-ICU and pre-school CAM-ICU (both p = 0.04) and lower specificity than the pediatric CAM-ICU did (p < 0.001). Age, sample size, and mechanical ventilation use were significant moderators of the specificity of the pediatric CAM-ICU (p < 0.001, <0.001, and = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium is a more dependable instrument than the pediatric CAM-ICU and pre-school CAM-ICU for detecting pediatric intensive care delirium occurrence. More studies on the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium are warranted. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE Healthcare providers are suggested adopting the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium into daily routine for the early detection of delirium in pediatric intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jou Lin
- School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Hsuan Tsao
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yean Chiu
- School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Zhou J, Liu X, Yin H, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Zhou K, Li T, Fang Y, Shen Q. Nur77 inhibition of β-catenin expression mediates Hepatoblastoma progression and enhances cisplatin's therapeutic effect. Gene 2024; 908:148292. [PMID: 38369247 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant tumor in children under 5 years old, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. Nur77 has been reported to be an important regulator for cancer progression in various cancer types. This study found that Nur77 was downregulated in HB tumors, compared with paracancer tissue. Knockout or overexpression of Nur77 in HB tumor cell line HepG2 and HuH6 could significantly enhance or inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further studies illustrated that Nur77 regulated the proliferation of tumor cells by affecting the expression of β-catenin. Nur77 agonist Csn-B effectively enhanced the therapeutic effect of cisplatin on HB tumors both in vitro and in vivo. This study confirms that Nur77 may act as an oncogene in HB tumors and mediate the progression of HB by inhibiting the expression of β-catenin, which provides a new targeted therapy for the clinical treatment of HB patients; meanwhile, the combination of Nur77 agonist and cisplatin treatment may improve the chemotherapeutic efficacy of HB patients, which provides a new idea for the improvement of the clinical prognosis of HB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Hanjun Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongya Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiyang Shen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Kovacheva E, Gevezova M, Maes M, Sarafian V. The mast cells - Cytokines axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuropharmacology 2024; 249:109890. [PMID: 38431049 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disturbance, diagnosed in early childhood. It is associated with varying degrees of dysfunctional communication and social skills, repetitive and stereotypic behaviors. Regardless of the constant increase in the number of diagnosed patients, there are still no established treatment schemes in global practice. Many children with ASD have allergic symptoms, often in the absence of mast cell (MC) positive tests. Activation of MCs may release molecules related to inflammation and neurotoxicity, which contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD. The aim of the present paper is to enrich the current knowledge regarding the relationship between MCs and ASD by providing PPI network analysis-based data that reveal key molecules and immune pathways associated with MCs in the pathogenesis of autism. Network and enrichment analyzes were performed using receptor information and secreted molecules from activated MCs identified in ASD patients. Our analyses revealed cytokines and key marker molecules for MCs degranulation, molecular pathways of key mediators released during cell degranulation, as well as various receptors. Understanding the relationship between ASD and the activation of MCs, as well as the involved molecules and interactions, is important for elucidating the pathogenesis of ASD and developing effective future treatments for autistic patients by discovering new therapeutic target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Kovacheva
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Gevezova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Michael Maes
- Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Fitness and Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute at Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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14
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Driver JH, Lunchick C, Conti J, Davis P, Tyler M, Woelfel K, Everett WR, Ross J. Pet collars containing tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP): evaluation of the results of torsion and on-animal release studies and implications for post-application consumer exposure and risk analysis. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2024; 87:381-397. [PMID: 38466085 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2326080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP) is the pesticidal active ingredient found in some flea and tick collars for dogs and cats. Recent studies sponsored by The Hartz Mountain Corporation, confirm the safety of TCVP as an active ingredient in pet collars. Based upon data from these new studies and results previously relied upon by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the following conclusions have been made: Torsion study data clearly indicate that approximately 93% of released formulation from TCVP containing pet collars is in a liquid phase immediately following activation.Further, even more relevant to human health risk analysis associated with post-application exposures, in vivo data from dogs wearing TCVP pet collars definitively document that TCVP dust released from the collar is rapidly absorbed into the sebum. The maximum ratio of dust to liquid was 0.023% dust to 99.977% liquid.In vivo fur data provide scientific evidence confirming that the mechanism of dissemination of TCVP from pet collars is as a liquid suspended or dissolved in the animal's sebum, even though it may be released from the collar as a solid. Thus, potential post-application exposure to TCVP, including immediately following collar placement, is almost entirely to a liquid phase.Based upon EPA's refined and conservative "untrimmed" collar risk assessment, post-application incidental oral hand-to-mouth activity by children aged 1 to <2 years of age results in margins of exposure significantly greater than the level of concern of 1000, and therefore do not present unreasonable health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Conti
- The Hartz Mountain Corporation, Secaucus, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - John Ross
- risksciences.net, LLC, Longboat Key, FL, USA
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15
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Wu Y. An investigation of the effect of logical structures on Chinese preschool children's counterfactual reasoning development. Cognition 2024; 246:105744. [PMID: 38364443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Counterfactual reasoning helps people to learn from the past to prepare for the future. In contrast to English with counterfactual markers that directly signal counterfactual reasoning, Mandarin Chinese indicates counterfactual reasoning by counterfactuality enhancers, which enhance rather than directly signal entry into the counterfactual realm. There are more counterfactuality enhancers in subtractive than additive counterfactual premises. Hence, Chinese-speaking children might more readily interpret subtractive than additive counterfactual premises, leading to better performance on subtractive than additive counterfactual reasoning tasks. This difference between logical structures might be larger in Chinese than English, as English has counterfactual markers, which enable direct inference of counterfactuality regardless of logical structures. Consistent with these propositions, in two experiments, the present study found that Chinese preschool children's accuracy was significantly higher for subtractive than additive counterfactual reasoning. Also, the difference between logical structures was much larger compared to a previous study in UK children using a similar counterfactual reasoning task. Hence, the use of counterfactuality enhancers in Chinese might shape a developmental difference between subtractive and additive counterfactual reasoning. Parents and teachers may attend to this developmental pattern when scaffolding children's counterfactual reasoning growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wu
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, 184 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 8PQ, UK.
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16
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Décaillet M, Frick A, Lince X, Gruber T, Denervaud S. Variation in pedagogy affects overimitation in children and adolescents. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105862. [PMID: 38320357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Children are strong imitators, which sometimes leads to overimitation of causally unnecessary actions. Here, we tested whether learning from a peer decreases this tendency. First, 65 7- to 10-year-old children performed the Hook task (i.e., retrieve a reward from a jar with tools) with child or adult demonstrators. The overimitation rate was lower after watching a peer versus an adult. Second, we tested whether experiencing peer-to-peer learning versus adult-driven learning (i.e., Montessori or traditional pedagogy) affected overimitation. Here, 66 4- to 18-year-old children and adolescents performed the Hook task with adult demonstrators only. Montessori-schooled children had a lower propensity to overimitate. These findings emphasize the importance of the teaching model across the school years. Whereas peer models favor selective imitation, adult models encourage overimitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Décaillet
- Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (LINE), Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Frick
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Xavier Lince
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Gruber
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Solange Denervaud
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Gedeon C, Badea C, Esseily R. Racial categorization and intergroup perception in preschool children: A focus on group membership and group size in the French context. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105841. [PMID: 38262247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, we explored how context influences intergroup perception in 3- to 6-year-old children (N = 242; Mage = 55.5 months, SD = 9.94) in France. We examined the impact of participants' group membership (belonging to a high- vs. low-social-status group) and their group size on the development of racial categorization and the perception of cultural distance. Children completed two tasks using photographs depicting children from the three most represented racial groups in France: Caucasians, Black Africans, and North Africans. In the first task, the free categorization task, they were asked to group photographs of children they thought belonged together. Results revealed that as children grew older, they increasingly grouped children based on their race. In addition, high-social-status (nonmarginalized) children categorized more based on race than low-social-status children. In a second task, children were requested to rate the same photographs on a 5-point Likert scale for perceived cultural distance in three criteria: music, eating habits, and language. Results showed that regardless of their own group membership, children perceived photos representing children of color (North and Black Africans) as culturally more distant than White children on all criteria. However, this bias was not observed in schools where groups have equal numerical status, suggesting a positive impact of environments where groups are numerically equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Gedeon
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Université Paris Nanterre, 92000 Nanterre, France; Laboratoire Éthologie, Cognition et Développement, Université Paris Nanterre, 92000 Nanterre, France.
| | - Constantina Badea
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Université Paris Nanterre, 92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Rana Esseily
- Laboratoire Éthologie, Cognition et Développement, Université Paris Nanterre, 92000 Nanterre, France
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18
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Hall H. Dissociation and misdiagnosis of schizophrenia in populations experiencing chronic discrimination and social defeat. J Trauma Dissociation 2024; 25:334-348. [PMID: 36065490 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2022.2120154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
As recently as the late 20th century, Schizophrenia, a category of mental illness with widely varying phenotypic symptoms, was believed by psychobiologists to be a genetically based disorder in which the environment played a limited etiological role. Yet a growing body of evidence indicates a strong correlation between schizophrenia and environmental factors. This theoretical paper explores the relationship between highly elevated rates of schizophrenia in some low-income minority communities worldwide and trauma-related dissociative symptoms that often mimic schizophrenia. Elevated rates of schizophrenia in racially and ethnically isolated, inner-city Black populations are well documented. This paper contains evidence proposing that this amplification in the rate of schizophrenia is mediated by childhood trauma, disorganized attachment, and social defeat. Further, evidence demonstrating how these three variables combine in early childhood to incubate dissociative disorders will also be conveyed. The misdiagnosis of dissociative disorders as schizophrenia is theorized to partially mediate the increased rate of schizophrenia in communities that experience high levels of racial/ethnic discrimination. It is argued that this misdiagnosis is often attributable to cultural misunderstanding and/or a lack of knowledge about dissociative disorders.
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Gordon REF, Kosty D, Khurana A. The mediating role of child delay of gratification in the link between early and prolonged poverty exposure and adolescent allostatic load. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106990. [PMID: 38412742 PMCID: PMC10954378 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Early and prolonged exposure to poverty disrupts biological processes associated with the body's stress response system, leading to long-term negative health outcomes, including obesity, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Allostatic load (AL), a composite measure of chronic stress on the body, is a robust predictor of subsequent health outcomes. However, developmental research examining the associations of early poverty exposure with AL in adolescence, as well as the underlying mechanisms of influence is limited. Early poverty exposure also impedes healthy development of child self-regulation, which may increase risk for high AL in adolescence, but this mechanistic pathway has not yet been tested. We used data from the national Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) to examine the longitudinal associations between prolonged poverty exposure in early childhood (0-3 years) and AL in adolescence (age 15). We also tested the mediating role of child delay of gratification, a behavioral measure of self-regulation (at age 54 months), in the potential association between early poverty exposure and adolescent AL. Accounting for model covariates (i.e., child biological sex and race-ethnicity) and individual differences in child delay of gratification, early and prolonged poverty exposure was significantly associated with higher AL at age 15. The indirect effect through child delay of gratification was not significant, but the individual pathways of the indirect effect were significant, and the overall direct association of early poverty exposure with adolescent AL was significant. Our findings show that prolonged exposure to poverty in early childhood (0-3 years) can have significant negative associations with both child delay of gratification (at 54 months) and AL (at age 15). Given that the detrimental impacts of poverty exposure can be detected at an early age, targeted prevention efforts (e.g., anti-poverty programs such as cash assistance programs) may be able to offset some of the risks of early poverty exposure on self-regulation and AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E F Gordon
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Derek Kosty
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Atika Khurana
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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Cao Q, Wang R, Zhou R, Huang X, Li Y, Zhu H, Qiao X, Huang W. The early development of offspring born to women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Insights from a prospective birth cohort study in Southwestern China. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106984. [PMID: 38340540 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on the offspring early development. METHODS A total of 91 mother-child pairs, consisting of 33 PCOS and 58 non-PCOS, were recruited. Peripheral blood tests were performed during 12-16, 24-28, and 32-36 weeks of gestation. Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) were utilized to assess the motor development of offspring at 27 months of age. Logistic regression models were employed to compare groups and control confounding variables. RESULTS Women with PCOS had a higher level of testosterone and free androgen index than the non-PCOS group in all three detection windows. There were no intergroup differences in any of the five domains of specific ASQ domain scores or the body measurements of the offspring at 27 months old. Stratification by sex of offspring suggested that no significant differences were detected in the male offspring. However, in the female offspring, the PCOS group exhibited lower gross motor scores in female offspring than the non-PCOS group (48.1 ± 11.8 vs. 55.2 ± 8.1, P = 0.027), as well as lower fine motor scores (48.5 ± 8.5 vs. 53.6 ± 11.0, P = 0.028). The gross motor score of female offspring in the PCOS group remained lower even after adjustments. Each 1 ng/mL increase in testosterone at 12-16 weeks of gestation was associated with a decrease in gross motor score of female offspring by 12.2 (95% CI = -23.3 to -1.0, P = 0.038). The highest tertile of testosterone at 12-16 weeks of gestation was associated with a 7.75-point decrease in gross motor score of female offspring compared to the lowest tertile of testosterone (95% CI = -14.9 to -0.6, P = 0.040), with a significant linear trend observed (P for trend = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that maternal PCOS could exert a negative influence on the gross motor development of female offspring, potentially associated with intrauterine androgen exposure during the early stages of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Huili Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xinyu Qiao
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chronobiology of National Health Commission (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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21
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Zhang S, Hu R, Zhao S. Autistic traits and ARFID-associated eating behaviors in preschoolers: Mediating effects of sensory processing patterns. Appetite 2024; 196:107237. [PMID: 38316365 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between autistic traits and Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)-associated eating behaviors in preschool-age children and investigated whether this association was mediated by sensory processing patterns. METHOD A cross-sectional, parent-reported study was conducted between July 2022 and March 2023 among 503 preschoolers aged 4-6 years in China. Parents provided assessments of their children's autistic traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale, sensory processing patterns using the Short Sensory Profile 2, and ARFID-associated eating behaviors using the Nine Items ARFID Screen. The mediation model based on ordinary least squares regression was employed to test the mediating effects of sensory processing patterns between autistic traits and ARFID-associated eating behaviors. RESULTS The results indicated significant associations among autistic traits, ARFID-associated eating behaviors, and sensory processing patterns. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that sensory processing patterns played a partial mediating role in the relationship between autistic traits and ARFID-associated eating behaviors. Specifically, autistic traits were observed to weaken ARFID-associated eating behaviors, particularly picky eating and poor appetite, through Registration, while simultaneously fostering them through Sensitivity and Avoiding. DISCUSSION Our study is limited to some extent by the inability to draw longitudinal conclusions from cross-sectional data. Nevertheless, it underscores the significance of early identification and intervention for food avoidance/restriction behaviors due to sensory processing abnormalities in children with heightened autistic traits. This proactive approach may contribute to mitigating ARFID-associated eating behaviors that might drive clinical symptoms of ARFID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Rongqing Hu
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, No. 7098 Liuxian Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Shuo Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China.
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22
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Duko B, Gebremedhin AT, Tessema GA, Dunne J, Alati R, Pereira G. The effects of pre-eclampsia on social and emotional developmental vulnerability in children at age five in Western Australia: A population data linkage study. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:349-356. [PMID: 38360367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to explore factors that may hinder early childhood development in AEDC Emotional Maturity and Social Competence domains as these underpin the foundation for health, well-being, and productivity over the life course. No previous study has examined whether, or to what extent, preeclampsia increases the risk of developmental vulnerability in social and emotional domains in early childhood. METHODS We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study on the association between preeclampsia and childhood developmental vulnerability in emotional maturity and social competence domains in children born in Western Australia in 2009, 2012 and 2015. We obtained records of births, developmental anomalies, midwives notifications and hospitalisations. These data were linked to the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC), from which developmental vulnerability in emotional maturity and social competence domains at a median age of 5 years was ascertained. Causal relative risks (RR) were estimated with doubly robust estimation. RESULTS A total of 64,391 mother-offspring pairs were included in the final analysis. For the whole cohort, approximately 25 % and 23 % of children were classified as developmentally vulnerable or at-risk on AEDC emotional maturity and social competence domains, respectively. Approximately 2.8 % of children were exposed in utero to preeclampsia. Children exposed to preeclampsia were more likely to be classified as developmentally vulnerable or at-risk on the emotional maturity (RR = 1.19, 95%CI:1.11-1.28) and social competence domains (RR = 1.22, 95 % CI:1.13-1.31). CONCLUSION Children exposed to pre-eclampsia in utero were more likely to be developmentally vulnerable in emotional maturity and social competence domains in this cohort. Our findings provide new insights into the harmful effect of preeclampsia on childhood developmental vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | | | - Gizachew Assefa Tessema
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Jennifer Dunne
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meier's Rd, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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23
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Kakuya F, Terao R, Onoda H, Okubo H, Fujiyasu H, Inyaku F, Fukuura A, Arai T, Kinebuchi T. Epidemiology of endemic human coronavirus infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:400-405. [PMID: 37979777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the coronavirus family that also includes endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) types OC43, HKU1, 229E, and NL63. HCoVs share extensive sequence homology with SARS-CoV-2. It has been assumed that HCoV infection occur primarily in winter and spring in Japan before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and that its frequency is the same for all age groups. METHODS Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected for HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2. All medical data were retrospectively analyzed. Our primary objective was to describe the epidemiology of HCoV in the Furano, Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our secondary objective was to compare the prevalence of HCoV with that of SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS From September 2020 to August 2022, 113 (6.2 %) of 1823 cases were positive for any HCoV. The HCoV-NL63 activity peaked in January-March 2021. The HCoV-OC43 activity peaked in June-August 2021. HCoVs were mostly detected at age ≤11 years and most frequently at age ≤2 years. HCoVs showed high detection in 2021, while SARS-CoV-2 showed moderate detection in 2020-2021, but significantly increased in 2022. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, HCoV-OC43 activity peaked in the summer. The frequency of HCoV infection varied widely by age group and was higher among those aged ≤11 years. These were different from those reported before the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest that the disease dynamics of HCoVs remain unclear and that continued surveillance is essential in the post-COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujio Kakuya
- Department of Pediatrics, Furano Kyokai Hospital, Furano, Japan.
| | - Ryuta Terao
- Department of Pediatrics, Furano Kyokai Hospital, Furano, Japan
| | - Hikaru Onoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Furano Kyokai Hospital, Furano, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okubo
- Department of Pediatrics, Furano Kyokai Hospital, Furano, Japan
| | | | - Fumie Inyaku
- Department of Pediatrics, Furano Kyokai Hospital, Furano, Japan
| | - Ai Fukuura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Furano Kyokai Hospital, Furano, Japan
| | - Toshio Arai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Furano Kyokai Hospital, Furano, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kinebuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Furano Kyokai Hospital, Furano, Japan
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24
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Ioakeim-Ioannidou M, Daartz J, Erfani P, Urell T, Lalonde A, Berv J, Leahy S, Fullerton B, Bolton R, Yock T, Tarbell N, Yeap B, MacDonald SM. Phantosmia during proton radiation and differences in frequency of phantosmia rates based on proton craniospinal irradiation technique for pediatric brain tumor patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30927. [PMID: 38421306 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unusual olfactory perception, often referred to as "phantosmia" or "cacosmia" has been reported during brain radiotherapy (RT), but is infrequent and does not typically interfere with the ability to deliver treatment. We seek to determine the rate of phantosmia for patients treated with proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI) and identify any potential clinical or treatment-related associations. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 127 pediatric patients treated with CSI, followed by a boost to the brain for primary brain tumors in a single institution between 2016 and 2021. Proton CSI was delivered with passive scattering (PS) proton technique (n = 53) or pencil beam scanning technique (PBS) (n = 74). Within the PBS group, treatment delivery to the CSI utilized a single posterior (PA) field (n = 24) or two posterior oblique fields (n = 50). We collected data on phantom smell, nausea/vomiting, and the use of medical intervention. RESULTS Our cohort included 80 males and 47 females. The median age of patients was 10 years (range: 3-21). Seventy-one patients (56%) received concurrent chemotherapy. During RT, 104 patients (82%) developed worsening nausea, while 63 patients (50%) reported episodes of emesis. Of those patients who were awake during CSI (n = 59), 17 (29%) reported phantosmia. In the non-sedated group, we found a higher rate of phantosmia in patients treated with PBS (n = 16, 42%) than PS (n = 1, 4.7%) (p = .002). Seventy-eight patients (61%) required medical intervention after developing nausea/vomiting or phantosmia during RT. Two patients required sedation due to the malodorous smell during CSI. We did not find any significant difference in nausea/vomiting based on treatment technique. CONCLUSION Proton technique significantly influenced olfactory perception with greater rates of phantosmia with PBS compared to PS. Prospective studies should be performed to determine the cause of these findings and determine techniques to minimize phantosmia during radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Ioakeim-Ioannidou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juliane Daartz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Parsa Erfani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tobias Urell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arthur Lalonde
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Berv
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannon Leahy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbara Fullerton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel Bolton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Torunn Yock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy Tarbell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beow Yeap
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannon M MacDonald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Zhao L, Li Y, Ke S, Lee K. Self-efficacy and cheating among young children. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105843. [PMID: 38271850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This research, comprising three preregistered studies, investigated the link between self-efficacy and cheating on an academic test in 5- and 6-year-old children. Study 1 assessed children's general self-efficacy and found it to be unrelated to their cheating behavior. Study 2 assessed task-specific self-efficacy, which was not found to be associated with cheating. In Study 3, children were randomly assigned to either an experimental group, which received brief positive feedback on task-specific self-efficacy, or a control group, which received no feedback. The experimental group demonstrated significantly less cheating. These findings, for the first time, identify a specific connection between young children's self-efficacy and academic dishonesty and suggest that positive feedback on task-specific efficacy could be a simple effective strategy for fostering academic integrity early on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China; Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaxin Li
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Ke
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Lee
- Dr. Erick Jackman Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5R 2X2, Canada
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26
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O'Brien B, Rodriguez M, Gallitto E, Atance CM. Tomorrow versus a year from now: Do children represent the near and distant future differently? J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105878. [PMID: 38354446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Adults represent the near future more concretely and vividly than the distant future, with important implications for future-oriented behavior (e.g., planning, self-control). Although children are adept at describing future events at around 5 years of age, we know little about how temporal distance (i.e., "near" vs "distant") affects their future event representations. In a series of three experiments, we sought to determine the effects of temporal distance, age, and event frequency on children's future event representations. Participants, 5- to 9-year-olds, were asked to describe frequent (e.g., snack) and infrequent (e.g., party) events, with half of children imagining that these events would happen in the near future and the other half imagining that they would happen in the distant future. We investigated the effect of temporal distance on numerous event representation indicators (e.g., clarity, details, pronouns), all theoretically grounded in previous literature. Although children perceived near events as closer in time than distant events (Experiments 2 and 2b) and temporal distance affected the clarity of event representations (Experiment 2), most indicators were not affected by temporal distance. In contrast, event frequency (examined in Experiment 1) played an important role in children's event representations, with infrequent events being described more concretely than frequent events. Results suggest that young children may begin perceiving differences in temporal distance but that this does not translate to their event representations (e.g., clarity, pronouns) until later in development. Implications for children's future thinking and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn O'Brien
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michela Rodriguez
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Elena Gallitto
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Cristina M Atance
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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27
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Mueller C, Zeinstra GG, Forde CG, Jager G. Sweet and sour sips: No effect of repeated exposure to sweet or sour-tasting sugary drinks on children's sweetness preference and liking. Appetite 2024; 196:107277. [PMID: 38368909 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Health agencies advocate reducing children's sweetness exposure to lower sweetness preference or liking to ultimately lower sugar intake. However, the relationship between sweetness exposure, preference, and liking remains unclear. This work investigated the influence of exposure to a sucrose-containing sweet or sour-tasting drink on sweetness preference and liking for sweet and sour products in 4-7-year-old children (n = 65). The children were randomized into three groups with one daily exposure to either the sweet drink, sour drink, or water (control group) for 14 days. Sweetness preference was assessed at baseline (t1), day 15 (t2), and two months after the intervention (t3), using a forced-choice, paired comparison test with five beverages varying in sweetness intensity. Hedonic liking for the intervention drinks, a sweet and sour yogurt, and a sweet and sour candy was evaluated using a 5-point pictorial scale. Linear mixed models revealed a significant increase in sweetness preference from t1 to t3 (F(2) = 7.46, p < 0.001). However, ANCOVA analysis indicated that this effect was not caused by the intervention. Based on linear mixed models, we observed that children's hedonic liking for sweet and sour products remained stable from t1 to t3 and was not influenced by the intervention. These findings suggest that 14 exposures to a sucrose-containing sweet or sour-tasting drink did not affect sweetness preference or liking in 4-7-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mueller
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6703 HD, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gertrude G Zeinstra
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6703 HD, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerry Jager
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6703 HD, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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28
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Devlin BL, Ellis A, Zehner TM, Duncan RJ, Elicker J, Purpura DJ, Schmitt SA. Contributions of preschool behavioral self-regulation and social skills to growth in different domains of early math knowledge. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105867. [PMID: 38341961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The current study explored the relative contribution of individual differences in children's behavioral self-regulation and social skills (often referred to as learning-related skills) in the fall of preschool to children's rate of growth in different domains of early math knowledge through the spring of kindergarten. Participants were 684 children (Mage = 57.6 months, SD = 3.8, at Time 1 [fall of preschool]; 48% female; 43% Black, 32% White, 13% Latine, 11% multiracial, and 1% Asian). All children were from families with low incomes and lived in the midwestern United States. The math domains of informal numeracy, formal numeracy, and math language were assessed at four time points: fall and spring of preschool and fall and spring of kindergarten. Contrary to expectations, we did not find that either learning-related skill positively predicted rate of growth in math knowledge or observe differential relations by math domain. Rather, the relative contribution of behavioral self-regulation and social skills in the fall of preschool to rate of growth in math knowledge followed similar patterns across all math domains: an early advantage for children with higher initial social skills that stayed consistent over time (i.e., a nonsignificant slope effect) and an early advantage for children with higher initial behavioral self-regulation that diminished over time (i.e., a negative slope effect).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Devlin
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Alexa Ellis
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Tracy M Zehner
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Robert J Duncan
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - James Elicker
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - David J Purpura
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sara A Schmitt
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
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29
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Fast AA, Riggs AE. Preschoolers negatively evaluate conventional norm violations in pretend play. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105861. [PMID: 38354448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of research demonstrates that children's pretend play is largely influenced by their understanding of reality. The current work took a novel approach to testing children's understanding of pretense by investigating whether children apply and uphold their knowledge of conventional norms in pretend play. In this study, 3- to 5-year-old children (N = 200) were introduced to a series of pretend play scenarios (e.g., pretending to eat breakfast) in which a puppet pretended to follow a norm (e.g., pretended to eat cereal for breakfast) or violate a norm (e.g., pretended to eat a hamburger for breakfast). These pretend play scenarios were presented as either fantastical or realistic in nature. Consistent with our hypotheses, children evaluated pretend norm violation more negatively than pretend norm adherence and reported liking norm violators less than norm followers. Contrary to our hypothesis, the manipulation of play context (fantastical vs. realistic) did not affect children's evaluations. That is, children were just as negative about pretend norm violations (relative to pretend norm adherence) in fantastical pretend play scenarios as they were in realistic pretend play scenarios. Furthermore, individual differences in children's fantasy orientation did not predict their evaluations. This study is the first to establish that children maintain their real-world understanding of conventional norms in pretend play, providing further evidence that children's pretense is largely realistic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A Fast
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA.
| | - Anne E Riggs
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA.
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30
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de Zwart PL, Mueller TF, Spartà G, Luyckx VA. Eculizumab in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome: a systematic review. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1369-1385. [PMID: 38057431 PMCID: PMC10943142 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (IA-HUS), most often due to infection with Shiga toxin-producing bacteria, mainly affects young children. It can be acutely life-threatening, as well as cause long-term kidney and neurological morbidity. Specific treatment with proven efficacy is lacking. Since activation of the alternative complement pathway occurs in HUS, the monoclonal C5 antibody eculizumab is often used off-label once complications, e.g., seizures, occur. Eculizumab is prohibitively expensive and carries risk of infection. Its utility in IA-HUS has not been systematically studied. This systematic review aims to present, summarize, and evaluate all currently available data regarding the effect of eculizumab administration on medium- to long-term outcomes (i.e., outcomes after the acute phase, with a permanent character) in IA-HUS. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting the impact of eculizumab on medium- to long-term outcomes in IA-HUS. The final search occurred on March 2, 2022. Studies providing original data regarding medium- to long-term outcomes in at least 5 patients with IA-HUS, treated with at least one dose of eculizumab during the acute illness, were included. No other restrictions were imposed regarding patient population. Studies were excluded if data overlapped substantially with other studies, or if outcomes of IA-HUS patients were not reported separately. Study quality was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool for risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions. Data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS A total of 2944 studies were identified. Of these, 14 studies including 386 eculizumab-treated patients met inclusion criteria. All studies were observational. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) was identified as the infectious agent in 381 of 386 patients (98.7%), effectively limiting the interpretation of the data to STEC-HUS patients. Pooling of data across studies was not possible. No study reported a statistically significant positive effect of eculizumab on any medium- to long-term outcome. Most studies were, however, subject to critical risk of bias due to confounding, as more severely ill patients received eculizumab. Three studies attempted to control for confounding through patient matching, although residual bias persisted due to matching limitations. DISCUSSION Current observational evidence does not permit any conclusion regarding the impact of eculizumab in IA-HUS given critical risk of bias. Results of randomized clinical trials are eagerly awaited, as new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to prevent long-term morbidity in these severely ill patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER OSF Registries, MSZY4, Registration DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MSZY4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L de Zwart
- Department of Nephrology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas F Mueller
- Clinic of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Spartà
- Department of Nephrology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie A Luyckx
- Department of Nephrology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Public and Global Health, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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31
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Liu J, Gao L, Zhou N, Jiang Z, Che S, Deng Y, Zang N, Ren L, Xie X, Xie J, Liu E. p53 suppresses the inflammatory response following respiratory syncytial virus infection by inhibiting TLR2. Virology 2024; 593:110018. [PMID: 38368639 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
-Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a pivotal virus leading to acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years old. This study aimed to explore the correlation between p53 and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) post RSV infection. p53 levels exhibited a substantial decrease in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from infants with RSV infection compared to control group. Manipulating p53 expression had no significant impact on RSV replication or interferon signaling pathway. Suppression of p53 expression led to heightened inflammation following RSV infection in A549 cells or airways of BALB/c mice. while stabilizing p53 expression using Nutlin-3a mitigated the inflammatory response in A549 cells. Additionally, Inhibiting p53 expression significantly increased Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression in RSV-infected epithelial cells and BALB/c mice. Furthermore, the TLR2 inhibitor, C29, effectively reduced inflammation mediated by p53 in A549 cells. Collectively, our results indicate that p53 modulates the inflammatory response after RSV infection through TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Leiqiong Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Na Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhenghong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Siyi Che
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Na Zang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Luo Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Mankuzhy NP, Tringale KR, Dunkel IJ, Farouk Sait S, Souweidane MM, Khakoo Y, Karajannis MA, Wolden S. Hypofractionated re-irradiation for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30929. [PMID: 38430472 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Re-irradiation (reRT) increases survival in locally recurrent diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). There is no standard dose and fractionation for reRT, but conventional fractionation (CF) is typically used. We report our institutional experience of reRT for DIPG, which includes hypofractionation (HF). METHODS We reviewed pediatric patients treated with brainstem reRT for DIPG at our institution from 2012 to 2022. Patients were grouped by HF or CF. Outcomes included steroid use, and overall survival (OS) was measured from both diagnosis and start of reRT. RESULTS Of 22 patients who received reRT for DIPG, two did not complete their course due to clinical decline. Of the 20 who completed reRT, the dose was 20-30 Gy in 2-Gy fractions (n = 6) and 30-36 Gy in 3-Gy fractions (n = 14). Median age was 5 years (range: 3-14), median interval since initial RT was 8 months (range: 3-20), and 12 received concurrent bevacizumab. Median OS from diagnosis was 18 months [95% confidence interval: 17-24]. Median OS from start of reRT for HF versus CF was 8.2 and 7.5 months, respectively (p = .20). Thirteen (93%) in the HF group and three (75%) in the CF group tapered pre-treatment steroid dose down or off within 2 months after reRT due to clinical improvement. There was no significant difference in steroid taper between HF and CF (p = .4). No patients developed radionecrosis. CONCLUSION reRT with HF achieved survival duration comparable to published outcomes and effectively palliated symptoms. Future investigation of this regimen in the context of new systemic therapies and upfront HF is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil P Mankuzhy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn R Tringale
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ira J Dunkel
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sameer Farouk Sait
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark M Souweidane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yasmin Khakoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthias A Karajannis
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Suzanne Wolden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Podkamennaya NA, Danchinova GA, Liapunova NA, Solovarov IS, Lagunova EK, Khamnueva NV, Shubin VY, Savelkaeva MV, Petrova IV, Khasnatinov MA. The structure and behavioral patterns of the human population affected by ixodid tick bites in Irkutsk Region, Eastern Siberia, Russia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102327. [PMID: 38460341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The bites of hard ticks are the major route of transmission of tick-borne infections to humans, causing thousands of cases of diseases worldwide. However, the characteristics of the human population that is exposed to tick bites are still understudied. This work is aimed at characterizing both the structure of the population directly contacting ticks and the human behavioral features associated with tick bites. We studied 25,970 individuals who sought medical help after a tick bite at the Centre for Diagnostics and Prevention of Tick-borne Infections (CDPTBI) in Irkutsk City (Russian Federation). The demographic and behavioral characteristics of the human population were analyzed using z-tests for proportions, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The majority of bitten people were urban residents (70 %), and most of them were either of active ages between 30 and 74 years old (62 %), or children between 0 and 9 years old (approximately 20%). Tick bites occurred mostly in the range of 150 km around the location of the diagnostic facility (83 %). In comparison to the general population, significant differences were revealed in the representation of different age groups among bitten people. The population affected by tick bites included fewer men and women in the ages of 10-29 and over 75 years old than would be predicted based on the demographics of the general population. Vice versa, the proportions of people in the ages of 5-9 and 60-74 increased among bitten people. Among men, such activities (in order of occurrence) as "leisure and recreation", "visiting allotments", "foraging for forest food", and "fulfilling work duties" tend to be more associated with tick bites. Among women, tick bites occurred mainly during "visiting allotments", "leisure and recreation", "visiting cemeteries" and "contact with pets and plants at home". The overall vaccination rate was 12 %; however, significantly more men than women were vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis (up to 20 % vs. approximately 7 % respectively). The structure of the tick bite - affected population suggests that it is age-specific human behavior that mainly determines the frequency of contact between people and ticks. However, in several age groups, especially among children from 5 to 9 and people aged 30-39 years old, gender-related factors could significantly change the exposure of people to tick bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A Podkamennaya
- Federal state public scientific institution "Scientific Centre for family health and human reproduction problems" (FSPSI SC FHHRP), Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Galina A Danchinova
- Federal state public scientific institution "Scientific Centre for family health and human reproduction problems" (FSPSI SC FHHRP), Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia A Liapunova
- Federal state public scientific institution "Scientific Centre for family health and human reproduction problems" (FSPSI SC FHHRP), Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Innokentii S Solovarov
- Federal state public scientific institution "Scientific Centre for family health and human reproduction problems" (FSPSI SC FHHRP), Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina K Lagunova
- Federal state public scientific institution "Scientific Centre for family health and human reproduction problems" (FSPSI SC FHHRP), Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda V Khamnueva
- Federal state public scientific institution "Scientific Centre for family health and human reproduction problems" (FSPSI SC FHHRP), Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Yu Shubin
- Federal state public scientific institution "Scientific Centre for family health and human reproduction problems" (FSPSI SC FHHRP), Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V Savelkaeva
- Federal state public scientific institution "Scientific Centre for family health and human reproduction problems" (FSPSI SC FHHRP), Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Petrova
- Federal state public scientific institution "Scientific Centre for family health and human reproduction problems" (FSPSI SC FHHRP), Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim A Khasnatinov
- Federal state public scientific institution "Scientific Centre for family health and human reproduction problems" (FSPSI SC FHHRP), Irkutsk, Russian Federation.
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Alcock K. Do school and equality education characteristics influence young children's understanding of sex/gender constancy? J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105879. [PMID: 38364340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In many cognitive developmental studies, young children ( < 6 years) fail to understand that changing the appearance of a person, object, or animal does not change its underlying reality. They appear to believe that a cat wearing a dog mask is genuinely a dog (appearance/reality distinction) and that a boy wearing a dress is genuinely a girl (sex/gender constancy). These skills may be affected by various influences: testing methods, training on the constancy of biological traits, child's or sibling's diagnosis of gender dysphoria, and child's diagnosis of autism. This study aimed to partially replicate the study of Arthur et al. (Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2009, Vol. 104, pp. 427-446) showing that experimental lessons emphasizing the constancy or otherwise of biological traits affected appearance/reality and sex/gender constancy performance. The study examined the influence of school lessons with content on sex/gender stereotyping and pro/anti constancy on the performance of young English children (mean age = 5;6 [years;months]; N = 58) on appearance/reality and sex/gender constancy tasks. Children performed above chance on sex/gender stability (change over time) but performed below chance on sex/gender constancy and appearance/reality tasks (change due to superficial alterations). These scores are comparable to those in nearly all previous studies. Children's scores were not influenced by school lesson content, although not all schools provided content. Conclusions are drawn about the effect of lesson content, which may be too diffuse and long term to affect performance. The level of children's performance and what this means in absolute terms about children's understanding of sex/gender stereotypes and the possibility of a child changing sex/gender is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Alcock
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 3AL, UK.
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35
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Zhang Z, Carlson D, Gilbert-Diamond D, Emond JA. Associations between sleep and appetitive traits in higher-income preschoolers: A six-month study. Appetite 2024; 196:107254. [PMID: 38346496 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short sleep is consistently linked with childhood obesity, possibly via disrupting appetite hormones and increasing food responsiveness. Few studies have objectively examined this association in early childhood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations of sleep quantity and quality with child appetitive traits and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) in a higher-income cohort of 86 preschool-age children (age 4.0 ± 0.8 years; 42% female; 93% non-Hispanic white, Northern New England, US). METHODS Children's sleep duration and quality were assessed via parent report (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ) at baseline and 6-month follow-up and via accelerometry at baseline. Parents also completed the Child Eating Behaviors Questionnaire to assess the child's appetitive traits. EAH, an objective measure of overeating, was observed at baseline during an in-person visit. Associations between sleep measures and appetitive traits were examined with linear mixed-effect or linear regression models, as appropriate, adjusting for child age, sex, and household income. RESULTS Shorter sleep duration per parent report was associated with less satiety responsiveness (standardized ß = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.26; p = 0.03). Further, satiety responsiveness was inversely related to EAH (Pearson's r = -0.35, p = 0.02). No associations were found between accelerometer-measured sleep parameters and appetitive traits, and no sleep measures were related to EAH. CONCLUSIONS Shorter usual sleep, per the parent report, was cross-sectionally associated with reduced satiety responsiveness in this sample of higher-income preschoolers. Future studies should consider whether socioeconomic status may modify the impact of poor sleep on appetitive traits in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA.
| | - Delaina Carlson
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA; Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Jennifer A Emond
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH 03756, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, NH, 03756, USA
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Stegenga K, Henley AK, Harman E, Robb SL. Shifting perspectives and transformative change: Parent perspectives of an active music engagement intervention for themselves and their child with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30913. [PMID: 38337169 PMCID: PMC10959685 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with cancer (ages 3-8 years) and their parents experience significant, interrelated distress associated with cancer treatment. Active music engagement (AME) uses music-based play and shared music-making to mitigate this distress. To advance our understanding about how AME works and its essential features, we interviewed parents who received the AME intervention as part of a multi-site mechanistic trial. The purpose of this qualitative analysis was to describe parents' experiences of AME for themselves and their child and to better understand how the intervention worked to lower parent-child distress. PROCEDURE We conducted a total of 43 interviews with parents/caregivers, and purposively analyzed all interviews from underrepresented groups based on race/ethnicity and parent role. We used thematic analysis and achieved thematic redundancy after analyzing 28 interviews. RESULTS The following statement summarizes resulting themes: Music therapists skillfully use AME to create a safe and healthy space (Theme 1), where parents/children have transformative experiences (Theme 2) that lead to learning and enactment (Theme 3) of new skills that counteract suffering (Theme 4) through empowerment, connectedness, and sustained relief. CONCLUSIONS This work elucidates how AME works to counteract stressful qualities of cancer treatment. As parents witnessed positive and transformative changes in their child, they experienced relief and reported shifts in their perspective about cancer treatment. This led to learning and use of music as a coping strategy that extended beyond therapist-led sessions. Accessible, music-based interventions, like AME, offer a developmentally appropriate and effective way to support parents and young children during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Stegenga
- Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Kansas City, MO
| | - Amanda K. Henley
- Indiana University, Herron School of Art and Design, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Sheri L. Robb
- Indiana University, School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN
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Tay C, Ng R, Ye NN, Ding XP. Detecting lies through others' eyes: Children use perceptual access cues to evaluate listeners' beliefs about informants' deception. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105863. [PMID: 38306738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Children are often third-party observers of conversations between informants and receivers. Although 5- and 6-year-olds can identify and reject informants' false testimony, it remains unclear whether they expect others to do the same. Accurately assessing others' impressions of informants and their testimony in a conversational setting is essential for children's navigation of the social world. Using a novel second-order lie detection task, the current study examined whether 4- to 7-year-olds (N = 74; Mage = 69 months) take receivers' epistemic states into account when predicting whether a receiver would think an informant is truthful or deceptive. We pitted children's firsthand observations of reality against informants' false testimony while manipulating receivers' perceptual access to a sticker-hiding event. Results showed that when the receiver had perceptual access and was knowledgeable, children predicted that the receiver would think the informant is lying. Critically, when the receiver lacked perceptual access and was ignorant, children were significantly more likely to predict that the receiver would think the informant is telling the truth. Second-order theory of mind and executive function strengthened this effect. Findings are interpreted using a dual-process framework and provide new insights into children's understanding of others' selective trust and susceptibility to deception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Tay
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570, Singapore.
| | - Ray Ng
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570, Singapore.
| | - Nina Ni Ye
- Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Xiao Pan Ding
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570, Singapore.
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Doğan ÇS, Taner S, Tiryaki BD, Alaygut D, Özkayın N, Kara A, Gençler A, Pınarbaşı AS, Nalçacıoğlu H, Yüksel S, Akacı O, Yılmaz EK, Yavuz S, Doğan K, Gülşan RYÇ, Aksoy GK, Çiçek N, Aksu B, Küçük N, Altugan FŞ, Selçuk ŞZ, Baştuğ F, Erfidan G, Atmış B, Gökçeoğlu AU, Önder ENA, Elmacı AM, Cengiz N, Gülleroğlu K, Yılmaz EB, Tayfur AÇ, Yılmaz GG, Yel Sİ, Pehlivanoğlu C, Akgün C, Kara MA, Kılıç BD, Şimşek ÖÖ, Yucal M, Ağar BE, Gürgöze MK, Yağmur İ, Madsar Ö, Karalı DT, Girişgen İ, Bodur ED, Çomak E, Gökçe İ, Kaya M, Tabel Y, Günay N, Gülmez R, Çalışkan S. Characteristics and predictors of chronic kidney disease in children with myelomeningocele: a nationwide cohort study. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1509-1519. [PMID: 38040872 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelomeningocele (MMC) is highly prevalent in developing countries, and MMC-related neurogenic bladder is an important cause of childhood chronic kidney disease (CKD). This nationwide study aimed to evaluate demographic and clinical features of pediatric patients with MMC in Turkey and risk factors associated with CKD stage 5. METHODS Data from children aged 0-19 years old, living with MMC in 2022, were retrospectively collected from 27 pediatric nephrology centers. Patients > 1 year of age without pre-existing kidney abnormalities were divided into five groups according to eGFR; CKD stages 1-5. Patients on dialysis, kidney transplant recipients, and those with eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 but not on kidney replacement therapy at time of study constituted the CKD stage 5 group. RESULTS A total of 911 (57.8% female) patients were enrolled, most of whom were expectantly managed. Stages 1-4 CKD were found in 34.3%, 4.2%, 4.1%, and 2.4%, respectively. CKD stage 5 was observed in 5.3% of patients at median 13 years old (range 2-18 years). Current age, age at first abnormal DMSA scan, moderate-to-severe trabeculated bladder on US and/or VCUG, and VUR history were independent risk factors for development of CKD stage 5 (OR 0.752; 95%; CI 0.658-0.859; p < 0.001; OR 1.187; 95% CI 1.031-1.367; p = 0.017; OR 10.031; 95% CI 2.210-45.544; p = 0.003; OR 2.722; 95% CI 1.215-6.102; p = 0.015, respectively). Only eight CKD stage 5 patients underwent surgery related to a hostile bladder between 1 and 15 years old. CONCLUSION MMC-related CKD is common in childhood in Turkey. A proactive approach to neurogenic bladder management and early protective surgery in selected cases where conservative treatment has failed should be implemented to prevent progressive kidney failure in the pediatric MMC population in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağla Serpil Doğan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Sevgin Taner
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Adana City Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Betül Durucu Tiryaki
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Demet Alaygut
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neşe Özkayın
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Kara
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Aylin Gençler
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Seda Pınarbaşı
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Diyarbakır Children's Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Hülya Nalçacıoğlu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Yüksel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Okan Akacı
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Esra Karabağ Yılmaz
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Yavuz
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kenan Doğan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Yasemin Çiçek Gülşan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Kaya Aksoy
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Çiçek
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bağdagül Aksu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuran Küçük
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Şemsa Altugan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şenay Zırhlı Selçuk
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Funda Baştuğ
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökçen Erfidan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Bahriye Atmış
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Arife Uslu Gökçeoğlu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Mithat Elmacı
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Cengiz
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Kaan Gülleroğlu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Bekiroğlu Yılmaz
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Health Sciencies, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aslı Çelebi Tayfur
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | | | - Sİbel Yel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cemile Pehlivanoğlu
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihangir Akgün
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Akbalık Kara
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Özgür Özdemir Şimşek
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melike Yucal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Buket Esen Ağar
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Metin Kaya Gürgöze
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - İsmail Yağmur
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Urfa, Turkey
| | - Ömer Madsar
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Urfa, Turkey
| | - Demet Tekcan Karalı
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - İlknur Girişgen
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ece Demirci Bodur
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Çomak
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Gökçe
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Kaya
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Tabel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Günay
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Rüveyda Gülmez
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Salim Çalışkan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, İstanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
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Barrett ES, Sullivan A, Workman T, Zhang Y, Loftus CT, Szpiro AA, Paquette A, MacDonald JW, Coccia M, Smith R, Bowman M, Smith A, Derefinko K, Nguyen RHN, Zhao Q, Sathyanarayana S, Karr C, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR. Sex-specific associations between placental corticotropin releasing hormone and problem behaviors in childhood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106994. [PMID: 38387218 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Placental corticotropin-releasing hormone (pCRH) is a neuroactive peptide produced in high concentrations in mid-late pregnancy, during key periods of fetal brain development. Some evidence suggests that higher pCRH exposure during gestation is associated with adverse neurodevelopment, particularly in female offspring. In 858 mother-child dyads from the sociodemographically diverse CANDLE cohort (Memphis, TN), we examined: (1) the slope of pCRH rise in mid-late pregnancy and (2) estimated pCRH at delivery as a measure of cumulative prenatal exposure. When children were 4 years-old, mothers reported on problem behaviors using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and cognitive performance was assessed by trained psychologists using the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. We fitted linear regression models examining pCRH in relation to behavioral and cognitive performance measures, adjusting for covariates. Using interaction models, we evaluated whether associations differed by fetal sex, breastfeeding, and postnatal neighborhood opportunity. In the full cohort, log-transformed pCRH measures were not associated with outcomes; however, we observed sex differences in some models (interaction p-values≤0.01). In male offspring, an interquartile (IQR) increase in pCRH slope (but not estimated pCRH at delivery), was positively associated with raw Total (β=3.06, 95%CI: 0.40, 5.72), Internalizing (β=0.89, 95%CI: 0.03, 1.76), and Externalizing (β=1.25, 95%CI: 0.27, 2.22) Problem scores, whereas, in females, all associations were negative (Total Problems: β=-1.99, 95%CI: -3.89, -0.09; Internalizing: β=-0.82, 95%CI: -1.42, -0.23; Externalizing: β=-0.56, 95%CI: -1.34, 0.22). No associations with cognitive performance were observed nor did we observe moderation by breastfeeding or postnatal neighborhood opportunity. Our results provide further evidence that prenatal pCRH exposure may impact subsequent child behavior in sex-specific ways, however in contrast to prior studies suggesting adverse impacts in females, steeper mid-gestation pCRH rise was associated with more problem behaviors in males, but fewer in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Alexandra Sullivan
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alison Paquette
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Coccia
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roger Smith
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Maria Bowman
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Alicia Smith
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Karen Derefinko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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40
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Neve KL, Coleman P, Hawkes C, Vogel C, Isaacs A. What shapes parental feeding decisions over the first 18 months of parenting: Insights into drivers towards commercial and home-prepared foods among different socioeconomic groups in the UK. Appetite 2024; 196:107260. [PMID: 38403201 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Infants born into families experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage follow a high-risk trajectory for obesity and poor health in later life. Differences in early childhood food experiences may be contributing to these inequalities. This study aimed to explore the factors that influence parental decisions on when, how and what food to introduce over the first 18 months of their child's life and identify differences according to families' social position. Particular attention was given to social and environmental determinants within and outside the home. This research utilised a longitudinal qualitative methodology, with interviews and photo-elicitation exercises completed by participants when their children were 4-6; 10-12 and 16-18 months of age. Participants were parents (61 mothers; 1 father), distributed across low, medium and high socioeconomic position (SEP). During analysis, observable differences in factors directing parents to home-prepared or commercial foods were identified. Factors that undermined the provision of home-prepared meals included lack of time after returning to work, insufficient support from partners, uncertainty around infant and young child feeding (defined as the introduction and provision of solids) and an implicit trust in the messaging on branded products. These factors directed parents towards commercial foods and were most persistent among families experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage due to barriers accessing formal childcare, less flexible working conditions and fathers being less involved in infant feeding. To facilitate an enabling environment for healthy infant and young child feeding practices and address dietary inequalities, immediate steps that policy makers and healthcare providers can take include: i) changing the eligibility criteria for shared parental leave, ii) aligning claims on commercial infant food labels with international best practices, and iii) improving access to formal childcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley L Neve
- Centre for Food Policy, City University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK.
| | - Paul Coleman
- Centre for Food Policy, City University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Corinna Hawkes
- Centre for Food Policy, City University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Christina Vogel
- Centre for Food Policy, City University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Anna Isaacs
- Centre for Food Policy, City University of London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
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Nambiar RB, Elbediwi M, Ed-Dra A, Wu B, Yue M. Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars Typhimurium and 4,[5],12:i- recovered from hospitalized patients in China. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127631. [PMID: 38330818 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Global emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a continuing challenge for modern healthcare. However, the knowledge, regarding the epidemiology of salmonellosis caused by the monophasic variant S. 4,[5],12:i:- in hospitalized patients, is limited in China. To bridge this gap, we carried out a retrospective study to determine the antimicrobial resistance, trends, and risk factors of S. Typhimurium and S. 4,[5],12:i:- (n = 329) recovered from patients in Zhejiang province between 2011 and 2019. The results showed that 90.57% (298/329) of the isolates were MDR; among them, 48.94% (161/329) and 12.46% (41/329) were phenotypically resistant to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, respectively, which are the drugs of choice used to treat salmonellosis in clinics. Additionally, we observed a higher incidence of infections among the young population (<5 years old). Notably, the higher prevalence of ST34 (sequence type 34) isolates, especially after 2014, with MDR (57.05%, 170/298) phenotype, and incidence of ST34 isolates co-harbouring mcr-1 (mobile colistin resistance gene) and blaCTX-M-14 (β-lactamase gene) suggest an association between STs and drug resistance. Together, the increasing prevalence of MDR ST34 calls for enhanced monitoring strategies to mitigate the spread and dissemination of MDR clones of S. Typhimurium and S. 4,[5],12:i-. Our study provides improved knowledge about non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) infections, which could help in the effective recommendation of antimicrobials in hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma B Nambiar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Elbediwi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
- Laboratory of Engineering and Applied Technologies, Higher School of Technology, M'ghila Campus, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP: 591, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Beibei Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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42
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Duan J. Teaching NeuroImage: A 2-Year-Old Girl With Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency. Neurology 2024; 102:e209317. [PMID: 38527248 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Duan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Sánchez-Luquez KY, Carpena MX, Karam SM, Martins-Silva T, Barros FC, de Oliveira IO, Santos IS, Barros AJD, Matijasevich A, Tovo-Rodrigues L. Evaluation of genomic factors and early childhood stimulation on intelligence in children from a Brazilian birth cohort: The primary role of independent factors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110932. [PMID: 38169242 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood cognitive abilities are a predictor of health outcomes and adult income potential. Identifying factors associated with childhood intelligence and their interactions is essential in behavioral research. We assessed the impact of genetic variants and early child stimulation (ECS) on child intelligence and examined their possible interaction as potential modifiers of IQ in a population-based longitudinal study. METHODS Participants of the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort study (N = 4231) underwent intelligent quotient (IQ) by WISC-III assessment at 6 years of age. At 24 and 48-months, mothers answered five ECS marker questions, whose sum was used to create a score. The polygenic score for intelligence (IQ-PGS) was constructed from the GWAS-weighted estimate of cognition. Association was assessed using multiple linear regression models adjusted for maternal, family, and child confounding variables. To explore the possible influence of skin color and ethnoracial classification, the regression models were stratified according to the skin color variable, as a sensitivity analysis. RESULTS In the adjusted analysis, IQ-PGS (β = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.26;1.31) as well as ECS (β = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.76;2.92) were associated with IQ in this sample. The association between IQ-PGS and IQ was significant only in the white Brazilian group in the sensitivity analysis. However, there was no interaction between IQ-PGS and ECS on IQ (p(IQ-PGS x ECS) = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS ECS did not modify the impact of genetic potential on intellectual development during childhood, suggesting that genetic factors and ECS exert independent effects on the IQ levels of children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Xavier Carpena
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Simone M Karam
- Department of Pediatrics, Medicine Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Thais Martins-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Post Graduate Program in Health in the Vital Cycle, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Isabel O de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Iná S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Aluísio J D Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Federal University of Pelotas, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil.
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Provost S, Fourdain S, Vannasing P, Tremblay J, Roger K, Caron-Desrochers L, Hüsser A, Paquette N, Doussau A, Poirier N, Simard MN, Gallagher A. Language brain responses and neurodevelopmental outcome in preschoolers with congenital heart disease: A fNIRS study. Neuropsychologia 2024; 196:108843. [PMID: 38423173 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disabilities affect up to 50% of survivors of congenital heart disease (CHD). Language difficulties are frequently identified during preschool period and can lead to academic, social, behavioral, and emotional difficulties. Structural brain alterations are associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with CHD during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. However, evidence is lacking about the functional brain activity in children with CHD and its relationship with neurodevelopment. This study therefore aimed to characterize brain responses during a passive story-listening task in 3-year-old children with CHD, and to investigate the relationship between functional brain patterns of language processing and neurodevelopmental outcomes. To do so, we assessed hemodynamic concentration changes, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and neurodevelopmental outcomes, using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence - 4th Edition (WPPSI-IV), in children with CHD (n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 23). Compared to their healthy peers, children with CHD had significantly lower scores on the Verbal comprehension index (VCI), the Vocabulary acquisition index (VAI), the General ability index (GAI), and the Information and the Picture Naming subtests of the WPPSI-IV. During the passive story-listening task, healthy controls showed significant hemodynamic brain responses in the temporal and the temporal posterior regions, with stronger activation in the temporal posterior than in the temporal regions. In contrast, children with CHD showed reduced activation in the temporal posterior regions compared to controls, with no difference of activation between regions. Reduced brain responses in the temporal posterior regions were also correlated with lower neurodevelopmental outcomes in both groups. This is the first study that reveals reduced brain functional responses in preschoolers with CHD during a receptive language task. It also suggests that the temporal posterior activation could be a potential brain marker of cognitive development. These findings provide support for the feasibility of identifying brain correlates of neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities in children with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Provost
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Solène Fourdain
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Phetsamone Vannasing
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Tremblay
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kassandra Roger
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Caron-Desrochers
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alejandra Hüsser
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Natacha Paquette
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amélie Doussau
- Clinique d'Investigation Neurocardiaque (CINC), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Poirier
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada; Clinique d'Investigation Neurocardiaque (CINC), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Noëlle Simard
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada; School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Clifford BN, Eggum ND, Rogers A, Porter CL, Gale M, Sheppard JA, Lucca K, Rainey V, Bradley RH, Holmgren H, Jones BL. Mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms across four years postpartum: An examination of between- and bidirectional within-person relations. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:560-568. [PMID: 38290580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both mothers and fathers are at risk for experiencing postpartum depressive symptoms shortly after the birth of a child. Previous studies suggest mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms to be interrelated. This study examined bidirectional relations between mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms across four years postpartum. METHODS Longitudinal data for this study were collected across five waves from 485 mothers and 359 fathers of infants when infants were on average 6 months-old until children were 54 months-old (1-year lags). Mothers and fathers reported on their depressive symptoms using the Center for the Epidemiological Studies Short Depression Scale (CES-D 10). A random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RICLPM) was specified to examine the bidirectional relations between mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms over time. RESULTS At the between-person level, mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms were positively associated. At the within-person level, unique carry-over effects were found for mothers and fathers in that when reporting higher depressive symptoms than their trait levels, they were more likely to report higher depressive symptoms one year later. Moreover, intermittent cross-lagged effects were observed from mothers' depressive symptoms to fathers' depressive symptoms during toddlerhood. LIMITATIONS The sample was not racially or structurally diverse thereby limiting the generalizations of the findings. CONCLUSIONS After the birth of a child, mothers and fathers are at risk for experiencing chronic depressive symptoms which can have implications for individual, couple and child health. Mothers' depressive symptoms are related to fathers' depressive symptoms over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Neil Clifford
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America.
| | - Natalie D Eggum
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3701, United States of America
| | - Adam Rogers
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2091 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, United States of America
| | - Chris L Porter
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2091 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, United States of America
| | - Megan Gale
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2091 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, United States of America
| | - J Andan Sheppard
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2091 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Lucca
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Rainey
- Department of Psychology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514, United States of America
| | - Robert H Bradley
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3701, United States of America
| | - Hailey Holmgren
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2091 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, United States of America
| | - Blake L Jones
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, United States of America
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Rajendar B, Reddy MVNJ, Suresh CNV, Rao GS, Matur RV. O-phthalaldehyde based quantification of polysaccharide modification in conjugate vaccines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 241:115995. [PMID: 38309096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based vaccines cannot stimulate long-lasting immune response in infants due to their inability to elicit a T-cell-dependent immune response. This has been addressed using conjugation technology, where conjugates were produced by coupling a carrier protein to polysaccharides using different conjugation chemistries, such as cyanylation, reductive amination, ethylene diamine reaction, and others. Many glycoconjugate vaccines that are manufactured using different conjugation technologies are already in the market for neonates, infants and young children (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae type-b, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis vaccines), and all of them elicit a T-cell dependent immune response. To manufacture glycoconjugate vaccines, the capsular polysaccharide is first activated by converting its hydroxyl groups to aldehyde-, cyanyl-, or cyanate ester groups, depending on the conjugation chemistry selected. The oxidized and reduced aldehyde functional groups of the polysaccharides are subsequently reacted with the amino groups of carrier protein by reductive amination to form a stable amide bond. In CDAP-based conjugation, the polysaccharide -OH groups are activated to form cyanyl-, or cyanate ester groups to react with the amino groups of carrier protein and forms an isourea bond. Understanding the extent of polysaccharide activation/modification is essential since it directly influences the molar mass of the conjugate, its stability, and the immunogenicity of the product. Reported methods are available to estimate the aldehyde groups of polysaccharides generated by reductive amination. However, no method is available to quantify the cyanyl or cyanate ester (-OCN) groups generated by cyanylation with 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate (CDAP). We report a novel strategy using an O-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivatization process followed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation and UV detection. The cyanate ester groups on the activated polysaccharide directly reveal the extent of polysaccharide activation/modification and the residual activated groups in the purified conjugates. This method would be useful for conjugate vaccine manufacturing using CDAP chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burki Rajendar
- Research & Development, Biological E Limited, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India.
| | | | - Ch N V Suresh
- Research & Development, Biological E Limited, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Ganti Sreenivasa Rao
- Research & Development, Biological E Limited, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Ramesh V Matur
- Research & Development, Biological E Limited, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India.
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Fazid S, Haq ZU, Gillani BH, Khan AJ, Khan MN, Khan A, Garzon C, Habib I, Tanimoune M, Ihtesham Y, Heald AH. Effectiveness of locally produced ready-to-use supplementary foods on the prevention of stunting in children aged 6-23 months: a community-based trial from Pakistan. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1189-1195. [PMID: 38012887 PMCID: PMC10918516 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition is a major public health problem in developing countries. Around 40·2 % of children are stunted in Pakistan. This longitudinal study aimed to assess the effectiveness of locally produced ready-to-use supplementary foods in the prevention of stunting by detecting change in of children in intervention v. control arm against the 2006 WHO growth reference. A community-based non-randomised cluster-controlled trial was conducted from January 2018 to December 2020 in the district of Kurram, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 80 clusters (each cluster comprising ≈ 250-300 households) were defined in the catchment population of twelve health facilities. Children aged 6-18 months were recruited n 1680. The intervention included a daily ration of 50 g - locally produced ready-to-use-supplementary food (Wawa-Mum). The main outcome of this study was a change in length for age z-score (LAZ) v. WHO growth standards. Comparison between the interventions was by t test and ANOVA. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between stunting occurrence and the utilisation of locally produced supplement. Out of the total 1680, fifty-one out of the total 1680, 51·1 out of the total 1680 and 51·1 % (n 859) were male. Mean age 13·9 months (sd + 859) were male. Mean age 13·9 months (sd + -4·4). At baseline, 36·9 % (n 618) were stunted. In the intervention group, mean LAZ score significantly increased from -1·13(2·2 sd) at baseline to -0·93(1·8 sd) at 6-month follow-up (P value 0·01) compared with the control group. The incidence rate of stunting in the intervention arm was 1·3 v. 3·4 per person year in the control arm. The control group had a significantly increased likelihood of stunting (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1·7, 95 % CI 1·46, 2·05, P value < 0·001) v. the intervention group. Locally produced ready-to-use supplementary food is an effective intervention for reducing stunting in children below 2 years of age. This can be provided as part of a malnutrition prevention package to overcome the alarming rates of stunting in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Fazid
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Haq
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Abdul Jalil Khan
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naseem Khan
- Department of Popualtion Medicine, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aslam Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | - Adrian H. Heald
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
- The School of Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Lee A, Ko J, Choi G, Choi K, Choi S, Kim HJ, Moon HB, Kim S, Park J. Homemade weaning foods as a source of lead and mercury exposure in Korean infants - A dietary risk assessment study. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170766. [PMID: 38350572 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are neurodevelopmental toxicants that pose risks to cognitive and behavioral health. Given early childhood's vulnerability to these metals, understanding their sources and pathways of exposure during infancy is crucial for public health. During the weaning process, infants may be exposed to metals through the baby food they consume. We aimed to assess metal exposure through homemade weaning foods by analyzing 288 samples consumed by 157 Korean infants aged 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-, and 24-27 months. Pb was detected in 65 % of samples, with levels reaching up to 169 ng/g. Notably, 58 % exceeded the Maximum Level (ML) of 10 ng/g, with a median concentration of 14.7 ng/g fresh weight. Total Hg was found in 88 % of samples, with a median concentration of 4.56 ng/g fresh weight. Estimated median daily intakes of Pb and Hg were 0.29 and 0.09 μg/kg/d, respectively. Considering a benchmark dose for Pb (0.5 μg/kg/d by EFSA), 94 % (the margin of exposure <10) of all age groups was estimated to have a potential health concern associated with homemade baby food consumption. For Hg, only 6 % exceeded a hazard quotients of 1 compared to a provisional tolerable weekly intake for Hg (4 μg/kg/week by WHO). This study marks the first direct assessment of daily Pb and Hg intake through homemade baby food among Korean infants. Our findings underscore the urgent need for heightened awareness regarding metal exposure through homemade baby food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Ko
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Oskar S, Balalian AA, Stingone JA. Identifying critical windows of prenatal phenol, paraben, and pesticide exposure and child neurodevelopment: Findings from a prospective cohort study. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170754. [PMID: 38369152 PMCID: PMC10960968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate how exposure to a mixture of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during two points in pregnancy affects early childhood neurodevelopment. METHODS We analyzed publicly-available data from a high-risk cohort of mothers and their children (2007-2014) that measured six EDCs including methyl-, ethyl- and propyl parabens (MEPB, ETPB, PRPB), Bisphenol-A (BPA), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) in prenatal urine samples during the second and third trimesters. Neurodevelopmental scores were assessed using Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) at age 3. We used mean field variational Bayes for lagged kernel machine regression (MFVB-LKMR) to investigate the association between trimester-specific co-exposure to the six EDCs and MSEL scores at age 3, stratified by sex. RESULTS The analysis included 130 children. For females, the relationship between BPA and 3PBA with MSEL score varied between the two trimesters. In the second trimester, effect estimates for BPA were null but inversely correlated with MSEL score in the third trimester. 3PBA had a negative relationship with MSEL in the second trimester and positive correlation in the third trimester. For males, effect estimates for all EDCs were in opposing directions across trimesters. MFVB-LKMR analysis identified significant two-way interaction between EDCs for MSEL scores in both trimesters. For example, in females, the MSEL scores associated with increased exposure to TCPy were 1.75 units (95%credible interval -0.04, -3.47) lower in the 2nd trimester and 4.61 (95%CI -3.39, -5.84) lower in the third trimester when PRPB was fixed at the 75th percentile compared to when PRPB was fixed at the 25th percentile. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that timing of EDC exposure within the prenatal period may impact neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. More of these varying effects were identified among females. Future research is needed to explore EDC mixtures and the timing of exposure during pregnancy to enhance our understanding of how these chemicals impact child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Oskar
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Arin A Balalian
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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50
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Cook TM, Oglesby F, Kane AD, Armstrong RA, Kursumovic E, Soar J. Airway and respiratory complications during anaesthesia and associated with peri-operative cardiac arrest as reported to the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia 2024; 79:368-379. [PMID: 38031494 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) of the Royal College of Anaesthetists studied complications of the airway and respiratory system during anaesthesia care including peri-operative cardiac arrest. Among 24,721 surveyed cases, airway and respiratory complications occurred commonly (n = 421 and n = 264, respectively). The most common airway complications were: laryngospasm (157, 37%); airway failure (125, 30%); and aspiration (27, 6%). Emergency front of neck airway was rare (1 in 8370, 95%CI 1 in 2296-30,519). The most common respiratory complications were: severe ventilation difficulty (97, 37%); hyper/hypocapnia (63, 24%); and hypoxaemia (62, 23%). Among 881 reports to NAP7 and 358 deaths, airway and respiratory complications accounted for 113 (13%) peri-operative cardiac arrests and 32 (9%) deaths, with hypoxaemia as the most common primary cause. Airway and respiratory cases had higher and lower survival rates than other causes of cardiac arrest, respectively. Patients with obesity, young children (particularly infants) and out-of-hours care were overrepresented in reports. There were six cases of unrecognised oesophageal intubation with three resulting in cardiac arrest. Of these cases, failure to correctly interpret capnography was a recurrent theme. Cases of emergency front of neck airway (6, approximately 1 in 450,000) and pulmonary aspiration (11, approximately 1 in 25,000) leading to cardiac arrest were rare. Overall, these data, while distinct from the 4th National Audit Project, suggest that airway management is likely to have become safer in the last decade, despite the surgical population having become more challenging for anaesthetists.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Cook
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - F Oglesby
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - A D Kane
- Department of Anaesthesia, James Cook University Hospital, South Tees NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
- Royal College of Anaesthetists, London, UK
| | - R A Armstrong
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
- Royal College of Anaesthetists, London, UK
| | - E Kursumovic
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
- Royal College of Anaesthetists, London, UK
| | - J Soar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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