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Ly H. Ixchiq (VLA1553): The first FDA-approved vaccine to prevent disease caused by Chikungunya virus infection. Virulence 2024; 15:2301573. [PMID: 38217381 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2301573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin, MN, USA
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Kinoshita Y, Hirasaki E. Variation of thoracolumbar vertebral morphology in anthropoid primates. Am J Biol Anthropol 2024; 184:e24904. [PMID: 38305568 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Morphological variation among extant primates in the lumbar vertebral column is well studied. However, knowledge concerning the thoracic spine, an important region responsible for supporting and facilitating movement in the upper trunk, remains relatively scarce. Consequently, our comprehension of the functional differentiation exhibited throughout the thoracolumbar vertebral column among various primate species remains constrained. In this study, we examined patterns of morphological variation in the thoracolumbar vertebral column of extant hominoids, cercopithecoids, and Ateles. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected external shape data on 606 thoracic and lumbar vertebrae from Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Hylobates lar, Macaca fuscata, Chlorocebus aethiops, Colobus guereza, Ateles geoffroyi, and A. belzebuth. Forty-four landmarks were obtained on the three-dimensional surface. Geometric morphometrics was used to quantify the centroid size and variation of the shapes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. RESULTS Cercopithecoids exhibited greater variation in the size and shape of their thoracic and lumbar vertebrae compared to hominoids and Ateles. Although many vertebral features contributed to the observed variation throughout the thoracolumbar vertebral column within the taxon, the transverse and spinous processes exhibited relatively major contributions. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that quadrupedal locomotion requires the functional differentiation between thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, and for hominoids, functional adaptation to orthograde posture necessitates a relatively more uniform shape of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kinoshita
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Eishi Hirasaki
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
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Zhang J, Zhao L, Bai Y, Li S, Zhang M, Wei B, Wang X, Xue Y, Li L, Ma G, Tang Y, Wang X. An ascidian Polycarpa aurata-derived pan-inhibitor against coronaviruses targeting M pro. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 103:129706. [PMID: 38508325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are responsible for a wide range of illnesses in both animals and human. The main protease (Mpro) of CoVs is an attractive drug target, owing its critical and highly conserved role in viral replication. Here, we developed and refined an enzymatic technique to identify putative Mpro inhibitors from 189 marine chemicals and 46 terrestrial natural products. The IC50 values of Polycarpine (1a), a marine natural substance we studied and synthesized, are 30.0 ± 2.5 nM for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and 0.12 ± 0.05 μM for PEDV Mpro. Our research further demonstrated that pretreatment with Polycarpine (1a) inhibited the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and alphacoronavirus PEDV multiplication in Vero-E6 cells. As a result, Polycarpine (1a), a pan-inhibitor of Mpro, will function as an effective and promising antiviral option to combat CoVs infection and as a foundation for further therapeutic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yuxin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Meifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guiliang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No. 5, Donghaizhong Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Sawai Y, Yamaguchi S, Inoue K, Kato-Kogoe N, Yamada K, Shimada N, Ito M, Nakano H, Ueno T. Enhancement of in vitro antibacterial activity and bioactivity of iodine-loaded titanium by micro-scale regulation using mixed-acid treatment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:685-699. [PMID: 37955234 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative infection and subsequent device loss are serious complications in the use of titanium dental implants and plates for jawbone reconstruction. We have previously reported that NaOH-CaCl2 -thermal-ICl3 -treated titanium (NaCaThIo) has a nano-scale surface and exhibits antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The present study examined the surface properties of mixed-acid treated and then iodine-treated titanium (MA-NaCaThIo), and evaluated oral antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity compared with the results obtained with NaCaThIo. MA-NaCaThIo formed a surface layer with a nano-scale network structure having microscale irregularities, and both the thickness of the surface layer (1.49 ± 0.16 μm) and the average surface roughness (0.35 ± 0.03 μm) were significantly higher than those of NaCaThIo. Furthermore, MA-NaCaThIo maintained high hydrophilicity with a contact angle of 7.5 ± 1.7° even after 4 weeks, as well as improved apatite formation, iodine ion release, and antibacterial activity against Prevotella intermedia compared to NaCaThIo. Cell culture test revealed that MA-NaCaThIo exhibited no cytotoxicity against MG-63 and Vero cells, while increased cell proliferation, ALP activity and mineralization of MG-63 compared to NaCaThIo. This treated titanium is expected to be useful for the development of next-generation titanium devices having both bone-bonding and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Sawai
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Kazuya Inoue
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kato-Kogoe
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamada
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Nanako Shimada
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Morihiro Ito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ueno
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
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Pichon S, Moureau A, Petit C, Kirstein JL, Sheldon E, Guinet-Morlot F, Minutello AM. Safety and immunogenicity of a serum-free purified Vero rabies vaccine in comparison with the rabies human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV; Imovax® Rabies) administered in a simulated rabies post-exposure regimen in healthy adults. Vaccine 2024; 42:2553-2559. [PMID: 38105138 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A new generation, serum-free, antibiotic-free, purified Vero rabies vaccine (PVRV-NG; Sanofi) has been developed based on the same Pitman-Moore viral strain used for the currently licensed purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV; Verorab®, Sanofi) and human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV; Imovax® Rabies, Sanofi). PVRV-NG has demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile and induces robust immune responses, with non-inferiority demonstrated versus PVRV when given as a three-dose pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimen in healthy children and adults. Here, we evaluated the safety and immunogenic non-inferiority of PVRV-NG compared to HDCV when administered as simulated post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), with concomitant administration of human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG), in healthy adults in the USA. Participants were vaccinated according to the 5-dose Essen intramuscular regimen (4-week, 1-injection site regimen, with a single dose given on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28) for PEP, with concomitant HRIG administered on day 0. Rabies virus neutralising antibodies (RVNA) were evaluated on days 0, 14, 28 and 42. Non-inferiority of PVRV-NG compared with HDCV was shown if the lower limit of the 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the difference in seroconversion rates (RVNA titers ≥ 0.5 IU/mL on day 14) between PVRV-NG and HDCV was above the non-inferiority margin of -5 %. Safety was evaluated after each vaccination and monitored throughout the study. The difference in seroconversion rate between the PVRV-NG and HDCV groups was -2.8 % (95 % CI, -8.08 to 4.20), indicating that non-inferiority was not demonstrated. The seroconversion rate was < 99 % in both study groups on day 14. There were no major safety concerns identified, and PVRV-NG demonstrated a similar safety profile to HDCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Pichon
- Sanofi, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy-l'Étoile, France.
| | - Annick Moureau
- Sanofi, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Celine Petit
- Sanofi, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Judith L Kirstein
- Advanced Clinical Research, 264 N. Highland Springs Ave, Suite 4, Banning, CA 92220, USA
| | - Eric Sheldon
- Research Centers of America, 7261 Sheridan Street, Suite 210, Hollywood, FL 33024, USA
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Cáceres TM, Cruz-Saavedra L, Patiño LH, Ramírez JD. Comparative analysis of metacyclogenesis and infection curves in different discrete typing units of Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:181. [PMID: 38602595 PMCID: PMC11008065 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the complex life cycle parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a global health concern and impacts millions globally. T. cruzi's genetic variability is categorized into discrete typing units (DTUs). Despite their widespread presence in the Americas, a comprehensive understanding of their impact on CD is lacking. This study aims to analyze life cycle traits across life cycle stages, unraveling DTU dynamics. Metacyclogenesis curves were generated, inducing nutritional stress in epimastigotes of five DTUs (TcI (MG), TcI (DA), TcII(Y), TcIII, TcIV, and TcVI), resulting in metacyclic trypomastigotes. Infection dynamics in Vero cells from various DTUs were evaluated, exploring factors like amastigotes per cell, cell-derived trypomastigotes, and infection percentage. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA tests, identified significant differences. Varying onset times for metacyclogenesis converged on the 7th day. TcI (MG) exhibited the highest metacyclogenesis potential. TcI (DA) stood out, infecting 80% of cells within 24 h. TcI demonstrated the highest potential in both metacyclogenesis and infection among the strains assessed. Intra-DTU diversity was evident among TcI strains, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of Trypanosoma cruzi dynamics and genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Cáceres
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lissa Cruz-Saavedra
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luz Helena Patiño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Fitzsimmons L, Bublitz D, Clark T, Hackstadt T. Rickettsia rickettsii virulence determinants RARP2 and RapL mitigate IFN- β signaling in primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. mBio 2024; 15:e0345023. [PMID: 38445878 PMCID: PMC11005427 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03450-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
We compared the growth characteristics of a virulent Rickettsia rickettsii strain (Sheila Smith) to an attenuated R. rickettsii stain (Iowa) and a non-pathogenic species (R. montanensis) in primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC). All replicated in Vero cells, however, only the Sheila Smith strain productively replicated in HDMECs. The Iowa strain showed minimal replication over a 24-h period, while R. montanensis lost viability and induced lysis of the HDMECs via a rapid programmed cell death response. Both the virulent and attenuated R. rickettsii strains, but not R. montanensis, induced an interferon-1 response, although the response was of lesser magnitude and delayed in the Sheila Smith strain. IFN-β secretion correlated with increased host cell lysis, and treatment with anti-IFNAR2 antibody decreased lysis from Iowa-infected but not Sheila Smith-infected cells. Both Sheila Smith- and Iowa-infected cells eventually lysed, although the response from Sheila Smith was delayed and showed characteristics of apoptosis. We, therefore, examined whether reconstitution of the Iowa strain with two recently described putative virulence determinants might enhance survival of Iowa within HDMECs. Reconstitution with RARP2, which is inhibitory to anterograde trafficking through the Golgi apparatus, reduced IFN-β secretion but had no effect on cell lysis. RapL, which proteolytically processes surface exposed autotransporters and enhances replication of Iowa in Guinea pigs, suppressed both IFN-β production and host cell lysis. These findings suggest distinct mechanisms by which virulent spotted fever group rickettsiae may enhance intracellular survival and replication.IMPORTANCEWe examined a naturally occurring non-pathogenic rickettsial species, R. montanensis, a laboratory-attenuated R. rickettsii strain (Iowa), and a fully virulent R. rickettsii strain (Sheila Smith) for growth in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. The two avirulent strains replicated poorly or not at all. Only the virulent Sheila Smith strain replicated. IFN-β production correlated with the inhibition of R. rickettsii Iowa. Reconstitution of Iowa with either of two recently described putative virulence determinants altered the IFN-β response. A rickettsial ankyrin repeat protein, RARP2, disrupts the trans-Golgi network and inhibits IFN-β secretion. An autotransporter peptidase, RapL, restores proteolytic maturation of outer membrane autotransporters and diminishes the IFN-β response to enhance cell survival and permit replication of the recombinant strain. These studies point the way toward discovery of mechanisms for innate immune response avoidance by virulent rickettsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Fitzsimmons
- Host-Parasite Interactions Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - DeAnna Bublitz
- Host-Parasite Interactions Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Tina Clark
- Host-Parasite Interactions Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Ted Hackstadt
- Host-Parasite Interactions Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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Kutkat O, Gomaa M, Aboulhoda BE, Moatasim Y, El Taweel A, Kamel MN, El Sayes M, Elkhrsawy A, AbdAllah H, Kandeil A, McKenzie PP, Webby RJ, Ali MA, Kayali G, El-Shesheny R. Genetic and virological characteristics of a reassortant avian influenza A H6N1 virus isolated from wild birds at a live-bird market in Egypt. Arch Virol 2024; 169:95. [PMID: 38594485 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The first detection of a human infection with avian influenza A/H6N1 virus in Taiwan in 2013 has raised concerns about this virus. During our routine surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in live-bird markets in Egypt, an H6N1 virus was isolated from a garganey duck and was characterized. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Egyptian H6N1 strain A/Garganey/Egypt/20869C/2022(H6N1) has a unique genomic constellation, with gene segments inherited from different subtypes (H5N1, H3N8, H7N3, H6N1, and H10N1) that have been detected previously in AIVs from Egypt and some Eurasian countries. We examined the replication of kinetics of this virus in different mammalian cell lines (A549, MDCK, and Vero cells) and compared its pathogenicity to that of the ancestral H6N1 virus A/Quail/HK/421/2002(H6N1). The Egyptian H6N1 virus replicated efficiently in C57BL/6 mice without prior adaptation and grew faster and reached higher titers than in A549 cells than the ancestral strain. These results show that reassortant H6 AIVs might pose a potential threat to human health and highlight the need to continue surveillance of H6 AIVs circulating in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar Gomaa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Taweel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mina Nabil Kamel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El Sayes
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amany Elkhrsawy
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hend AbdAllah
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Pamela P McKenzie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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Alamares-Sapuay J, Kishko M, Lai C, Parrington M, Delagrave S, Herbert R, Castens A, Swerczek J, Luongo C, Yang L, Collins PL, Buchholz UJ, Zhang L. Mutations in the F protein of the live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate ΔNS2/Δ1313/I1314L increase the stability of infectivity and content of prefusion F protein. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301773. [PMID: 38593167 PMCID: PMC11003679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and toddlers, but there currently is no licensed pediatric vaccine. A leading vaccine candidate that has been evaluated for intranasal immunization in a recently completed phase 1/2 clinical trial is an attenuated version of RSV strain A2 called RSV/ΔNS2/Δ1313/I1314L (hereafter called ΔNS2). ΔNS2 is attenuated by deletion of the interferon antagonist NS2 gene and introduction into the L polymerase protein gene of a codon deletion (Δ1313) that confers temperature-sensitivity and is stabilized by a missense mutation (I1314L). Previously, introduction of four amino acid changes derived from a second RSV strain "line 19" (I79M, K191R, T357K, N371Y) into the F protein of strain A2 increased the stability of infectivity and the proportion of F protein in the highly immunogenic pre-fusion (pre-F) conformation. In the present study, these four "line 19" assignments were introduced into the ΔNS2 candidate, creating ΔNS2-L19F-4M. During in vitro growth in Vero cells, ΔNS2-L19F-4M had growth kinetics and peak titer similar to the ΔNS2 parent. ΔNS2-L19F-4M exhibited an enhanced proportion of pre-F protein, with a ratio of pre-F/total F that was 4.5- to 5.0-fold higher than that of the ΔNS2 parent. The stability of infectivity during incubation at 4°C, 25°C, 32°C and 37°C was greater for ΔNS2-L19F-4M; for example, after 28 days at 32°C, its titer was 100-fold greater than ΔNS2. ΔNS2-L19F-4M exhibited similar levels of replication in human airway epithelial (HAE) cells as ΔNS2. The four "line 19" F mutations were genetically stable during 10 rounds of serial passage in Vero cells. In African green monkeys, ΔNS2-L19F-4M and ΔNS2 had similar growth kinetics, peak titer, and immunogenicity. These results suggest that ΔNS2-L19F-4M is an improved live attenuated vaccine candidate whose enhanced stability may simplify its manufacture, storage and distribution, which merits further evaluation in a clinical trial in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Kishko
- Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles Lai
- Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Richard Herbert
- Experimental Primate Virology Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashley Castens
- Experimental Primate Virology Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joanna Swerczek
- Experimental Primate Virology Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cindy Luongo
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lijuan Yang
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter L. Collins
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ursula J. Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Linong Zhang
- Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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10
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Melis R, Braca A, Pagnozzi D, Anedda R. The metabolic footprint of Vero E6 cells highlights the key metabolic routes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and response to drug combinations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7950. [PMID: 38575586 PMCID: PMC10995198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 burdens healthcare systems worldwide, yet specific drug-based treatments are still unavailable. Understanding the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on host molecular pathways is critical for providing full descriptions and optimizing therapeutic targets. The present study used Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-based metabolic footprinting to characterize the secreted cellular metabolite levels (exometabolomes) of Vero E6 cells in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to two candidate drugs (Remdesivir, RDV, and Azithromycin, AZI), either alone or in combination. SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to force VE6 cells to have increased glucose concentrations from extra-cellular medium and altered energetic metabolism. RDV and AZI, either alone or in combination, can modify the glycolic-gluconeogenesis pathway in the host cell, thus impairing the mitochondrial oxidative damage caused by the SARS-CoV-2 in the primary phase. RDV treatment appears to be associated with a metabolic shift toward the TCA cycle. Our findings reveal a metabolic reprogramming produced by studied pharmacological treatments that protects host cells against virus-induced metabolic damage, with an emphasis on the glycolytic-gluconeogenetic pathway. These findings may help researchers better understand the relevant biological mechanisms involved in viral infection, as well as the creation of mechanistic hypotheses for such candidate drugs, thereby opening up new possibilities for SARS-CoV-2 pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Melis
- Porto Conte Ricerche s.r.l., S.P. 55 Porto Conte-Capo Caccia, Km 8.400 Loc. Tramariglio, Alghero, SS, Italy
| | - Angela Braca
- Porto Conte Ricerche s.r.l., S.P. 55 Porto Conte-Capo Caccia, Km 8.400 Loc. Tramariglio, Alghero, SS, Italy
| | - Daniela Pagnozzi
- Porto Conte Ricerche s.r.l., S.P. 55 Porto Conte-Capo Caccia, Km 8.400 Loc. Tramariglio, Alghero, SS, Italy
| | - Roberto Anedda
- Porto Conte Ricerche s.r.l., S.P. 55 Porto Conte-Capo Caccia, Km 8.400 Loc. Tramariglio, Alghero, SS, Italy.
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11
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Pérez-Martínez Z, Boga JA, Potes Y, Melón S, Coto-Montes A. Effect of Melatonin on Herpesvirus Type 1 Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4037. [PMID: 38612846 PMCID: PMC11012353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute HSV-1 infection is associated with mild symptoms, such as fever and lesions of the mouth, face and skin. This phase is followed by a latency period before reactivation, which is associated with symptoms ranging from ulcers to encephalitis. Despite available anti-HSV-1 drugs, the development of new antiviral agents is sought due to the presence of resistant viruses. Melatonin, a molecule secreted by the pineal gland, has been shown to be an antioxidant, inducer of antioxidant enzymes, and regulator of various biological processes. Clinical trials have explored its therapeutic utility in conditions including infections. This study focuses on melatonin's role in HSV-1 replication and the underlying mechanisms. Melatonin was found to decrease the synthesis of HSV-1 proteins in infected Vero cells measured by immunofluorescence, indicating an inhibition of HSV-1 replication. Additionally, it regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes and affects proteasome activity. Melatonin activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy and suppresses apoptosis in HSV-1-infected cells. In summary, melatonin demonstrates an inhibitory role in HSV-1 replication by modulating various cellular responses, suggesting its potential utility in the treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Pérez-Martínez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (Z.P.-M.); (J.A.B.); (S.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Jose Antonio Boga
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (Z.P.-M.); (J.A.B.); (S.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Santiago Melón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (Z.P.-M.); (J.A.B.); (S.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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12
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Zeitlin L, Cross RW, Woolsey C, West BR, Borisevich V, Agans KN, Prasad AN, Deer DJ, Stuart L, McCavitt-Malvido M, Kim DH, Pettitt J, Crowe JE, Whaley KJ, Veesler D, Dimitrov A, Abelson DM, Geisbert TW, Broder CC. Therapeutic administration of a cross-reactive mAb targeting the fusion glycoprotein of Nipah virus protects nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadl2055. [PMID: 38569014 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adl2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
No licensed vaccines or therapies exist for patients infected with Nipah virus (NiV), although an experimental human monoclonal antibody (mAb) cross-reactive to the NiV and Hendra virus (HeV) G glycoprotein, m102.4, has been tested in a phase 1 trial and has been provided under compassionate use for both HeV and NiV exposures. NiV is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus causing regular outbreaks in humans and animals in South and Southeast Asia. The mortality rate of NiV infection in humans ranges from 40% to more than 90%, making it a substantial public health concern. The NiV G glycoprotein mediates host cell attachment, and the F glycoprotein facilitates membrane fusion and infection. We hypothesized that a mAb against the prefusion conformation of the F glycoprotein may confer better protection than m102.4. To test this, two potent neutralizing mAbs against NiV F protein, hu1F5 and hu12B2, were compared in a hamster model. Hu1F5 provided superior protection to hu12B2 and was selected for comparison with m102.4 for the ability to protect African green monkeys (AGMs) from a stringent NiV challenge. AGMs were exposed intranasally to the Bangladesh strain of NiV and treated 5 days after exposure with either mAb (25 milligrams per kilogram). Whereas only one of six AGMs treated with m102.4 survived until the study end point, all six AGMs treated with hu1F5 were protected. Furthermore, a reduced 10 milligrams per kilogram dose of hu1F5 also provided complete protection against NiV challenge, supporting the upcoming clinical advancement of this mAb for postexposure prophylaxis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Courtney Woolsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | | | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Abhishek N Prasad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Daniel J Deer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | | | | | - Do H Kim
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Antony Dimitrov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | | | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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13
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Hu Y, Li Y, Zhu H, Wang D, Zhou J, Ni Y, Guo R, Fan B, Li B. In vitro suppression of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by Panax notoginseng saponins: assessing antiviral potential. Arch Virol 2024; 169:89. [PMID: 38565720 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal suckling piglets, leading to significant economic losses to the swine industry. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are bioactive extracts derived from the P. notoginseng plant. In this study, we investigated the anti-PEDV effect of PNS by employing various methodologies to assess their impact on PEDV in Vero cells. Using a CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) assay, we found that PNS had no significant cytotoxicity below the concentration of 128 µg/mL in Vero cells. Using immunofluorescence assays (IFAs), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and plaque formation assays, we observed a dose-dependent inhibition of PEDV infection by PNS within 24-48 hours postinfection. PNS exerts its anti-PEDV activity specifically at the genome replication stage, and mRNA-seq analysis demonstrated that treatment with PNS resulted in increased expression of various genes, including IFIT1 (interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1), IFIT3 (interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3), CFH (complement factor H), IGSF10 (immunoglobulin superfamily member 10), ID2 (inhibitor of DNA binding 2), SPP1 (secreted phosphoprotein 1), PLCB4 (phospholipase C beta 4), and FABP4 (fatty acid binding protein 4), but it resulted in decreased expression of IL1A (interleukin 1 alpha), TNFRSF19 (TNF receptor superfamily member 19), CDH8 (cadherin 8), DDIT3 (DNA damage inducible transcript 3), GADD45A (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha), PTPRG (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type G), PCK2 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2), and ADGRA2 (adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A2). This study provides insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the antiviral effects of PNS. Taken together, the results suggest that the PNS might effectively regulate the defense response to the virus and have potential to be used in antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, 225300, Taizhou, China
| | - Yunchuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, 225300, Taizhou, China
| | - Haodan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, 225300, Taizhou, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, 225300, Taizhou, China
| | - Junming Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, 225300, Taizhou, China
| | - Yanxiu Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, 225300, Taizhou, China
| | - Rongli Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, 225300, Taizhou, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, 225300, Taizhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongling Street 50, 210014, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China.
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, 225300, Taizhou, China.
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14
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Minami S, Kotaki T, Sakai Y, Okamura S, Torii S, Ono C, Motooka D, Hamajima R, Nouda R, Nurdin JA, Yamasaki M, Kanai Y, Ebina H, Maeda Y, Okamoto T, Tachibana T, Matsuura Y, Kobayashi T. Vero cell-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain shows increased viral growth through furin-mediated efficient spike cleavage. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0285923. [PMID: 38415690 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02859-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes several host proteases to cleave the spike (S) protein to enter host cells. SARS-CoV-2 S protein is cleaved into S1 and S2 subunits by furin, which is closely involved in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. However, the effects of the modulated protease cleavage activity due to S protein mutations on viral replication and pathogenesis remain unclear. Herein, we serially passaged two SARS-CoV-2 strains in Vero cells and characterized the cell-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strains in vitro and in vivo. The adapted strains showed high viral growth, effective S1/S2 cleavage of the S protein, and low pathogenicity compared with the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the viral growth and S1/S2 cleavage were enhanced by the combination of the Δ68-76 and H655Y mutations using recombinant SARS-CoV-2 strains generated by the circular polymerase extension reaction. The recombinant SARS-CoV-2 strain, which contained the mutation of the adapted strain, showed increased susceptibility to the furin inhibitor, suggesting that the adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain utilized furin more effectively than the wild-type strain. Pathogenicity was attenuated by infection with effectively cleaved recombinant SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting that the excessive cleavage of the S proteins decreases virulence. Finally, the high-growth-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain could be used as the seed for a low-cost inactivated vaccine; immunization with this vaccine can effectively protect the host from SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our findings provide novel insights into the growth and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in the evolution of cell-cell transmission. IMPORTANCE The efficacy of the S protein cleavage generally differs among the SARS-CoV-2 variants, resulting in distinct viral characteristics. The relationship between a mutation and the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the sequence of high-growth Vero cell-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and factors determining the enhancement of the growth of the adapted virus and confirmed the characteristics of the adapted strain by analyzing the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 strain. We successfully identified mutations Δ68-76 and H655Y, which enhance viral growth and the S protein cleavage by furin. Using recombinant viruses enabled us to conduct a virus challenge experiment in vivo. The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 introduced with the mutations Δ68-76, H655Y, P812L, and Q853L was attenuated in hamsters, indicating the possibility of the attenuation of excessive cleaved SARS-CoV-2. These findings provide novel insights into the infectivity and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 strains, thereby significantly contributing to the field of virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Minami
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kotaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Okamura
- Virus Vaccine Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiho Torii
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikako Ono
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rina Hamajima
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Nouda
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeffery A Nurdin
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moeko Yamasaki
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Kanai
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ebina
- Virus Vaccine Group, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maeda
- Laboratory of Viral Dynamism Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Cell Engineering Corporation, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Teng F, Gang O, Freimuth P. Overexpression of human ACE2 protein in mouse fibroblasts stably transfected with the intact ACE2 gene. Virology 2024; 592:109988. [PMID: 38244322 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.109988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Infection by SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on binding of the viral spike protein to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a membrane glycoprotein expressed on epithelial cells in the human upper respiratory tract. Recombinant ACE2 protein has potential application for anti-viral therapy. Here we co-transfected mouse fibroblasts (A9 cells) with a cloned fragment of human genomic DNA containing the intact ACE2 gene and an unlinked neomycin phosphotransferase gene, and then selected stable neomycin-resistant transfectants. Transfectant clones expressed ACE2 protein at levels that were generally proportional to the number of ACE2 gene copies integrated in the cell genome, ranging up to approximately 50 times the level of ACE2 present of Vero-E6 cells. Cells overexpressing ACE2 were hypersensitive to infection by spike-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-S), and adsorption of VSV-S to these cells occurred at an accelerated rate compared to Vero-E6 cells. The transfectant cell clones described here therefore have favorable attributes as feedstocks for large-scale production of recombinant human ACE2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Teng
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Oleg Gang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Paul Freimuth
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
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16
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Mozhiarasi V, Karunakaran R, Raja P, Radhakrishnan L. Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chicks. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1683-1698. [PMID: 37460779 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have attracted exhilarating research interest due to their novel distinguishing characteristics such as size, shape, high surface activity, large surface area and biocompatibility. Being highly bioavailable and exerting a superior efficacy than conventional zinc sources, ZnONPs is emerging as an alternative feed supplement for poultry. The present study involves the synthesis of ZnONPs through a cost effective and eco-friendly method using planetary ball milling technique and characterized for its size, shape, optical property, functional group and elemental concentration using particle size analyzer, Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity study using Baby Hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells, Vero cells and primary chick liver culture cells revealed that ZnONPs can be safely incorporated in the broiler chick's feed up to the concentration of 100 mg/kg. To investigate the effects of ZnONPs on production performances in broiler chicks, a feeding trial was carried out using 150-day-old broiler chicks randomly allotted in five treatment groups. The dietary treatment groups were: T1 (80 mg/kg of zinc oxide), T2 (60 mg/kg of zinc methionine) and T3, T4 and T5 received 60, 40 and 20 mg/kg of ZnONPs respectively. The results showed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicks supplemented with 20 and 40 mg/kg of ZnONPs. The ZnONPs supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) increased the dressing percentage in addition to significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the meat pH compared to inorganic and organic zinc supplementation. Overall, an eco-friendly method for ZnONPs synthesis was demonstrated and the optimum dietary level (20 mg/kg) of ZnONPs could enhance the growth, the meat quality and Zn uptake without any negative effects on selected serum biochemical parameters in the broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mozhiarasi
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 007, India
| | - R Karunakaran
- Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 007, India.
| | - P Raja
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 007, India
| | - L Radhakrishnan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Kattupakkam, Potheri, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
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17
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Wu PQ, Liu ZD, Ren YH, Zhou JS, Liu QF, Wu Y, Zhang JL, Zhou B, Yue JM. Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris and their Toxoplasma gondii inhibitory activity. Phytochemistry 2024; 220:113993. [PMID: 38266954 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Nine previously unreported various types of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, together with seven known analogues were isolated from the stem barks of Alstonia scholaris through a silica gel free methodology. The structures of 1-9 were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 is a modified echitamine-type alkaloid with a novel 6/5/5/7/6/6 hetero hexacyclic bridged ring system, and 8 and 9 exist as a zwitterion and trifluoroacetate salt, respectively. The anti-Toxoplasma activity of all isolates on infected Vero cells were evaluated, which revealed that compound 14 at 0.24 μM displayed potent activity. This study expanded the structural diversity of alkaloids of A. scholaris, and presented their potential application in anti-Toxoplasma drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Di Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Su Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Li Zhang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Visser N, Herreman LCM, Vandooren J, Pereira RVS, Opdenakker G, Spelbrink REJ, Wilbrink MH, Bremer E, Gosens R, Nawijn MC, van der Ende-Metselaar HH, Smit JM, Laus MC, Laman JD. Novel high-yield potato protease inhibitor panels block a wide array of proteases involved in viral infection and crucial tissue damage. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:521-536. [PMID: 38381158 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Viruses critically rely on various proteases to ensure host cell entry and replication. In response to viral infection, the host will induce acute tissue inflammation pulled by granulocytes. Upon hyperactivation, neutrophil granulocytes may cause undue tissue damage through proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix. Here, we assess the potential of protease inhibitors (PI) derived from potatoes in inhibiting viral infection and reducing tissue damage. The original full spectrum of potato PI was developed into five fractions by means of chromatography and hydrolysis. Individual fractions showed varying inhibitory efficacy towards a panel of proteases including trypsin, chymotrypsin, ACE2, elastase, and cathepsins B and L. The fractions did not interfere with SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells in vitro. Importantly, two of the fractions fully inhibited elastin-degrading activity of complete primary human neutrophil degranulate. These data warrant further development of potato PI fractions for biomedical purposes, including tissue damage crucial to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. KEY MESSAGES: Protease inhibitor fractions from potato differentially inhibit a series of human proteases involved in viral replication and in tissue damage by overshoot inflammation. Protease inhibition of cell surface receptors such as ACE2 does not prevent virus infection of Vero cells in vitro. Protease inhibitors derived from potato can fully inhibit elastin-degrading primary human neutrophil proteases. Protease inhibitor fractions can be produced at high scale (hundreds of thousands of kilograms, i.e., tons) allowing economically feasible application in lower and higher income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Visser
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Rafaela Vaz Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | | | | | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC) Research Institute, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC) Research Institute, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi H van der Ende-Metselaar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C Laus
- Avebe Innovation Center Groningen, 9747 AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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19
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van Niekerk C, Pillay N. Behavioral responses of vervet monkey Chlorocebus pygerythrus infants in a novel fostering program. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2024; 27:330-342. [PMID: 36883696 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2023.2186786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) are considered pests by farmers and homeowners. Consequent attempts to exterminate problem adult vervet monkeys often result in orphaned young offspring, which are sometimes taken to wildlife rehabilitation centers. We assessed the success of a novel fostering program at the Vervet Monkey Foundation, South Africa. Nine orphaned vervet monkeys were fostered to adult conspecific females of existing troops at the Foundation. The fostering protocol focused on reducing the time orphans spent in human rearing and involved a stepwise process of integration. We recorded the behaviors of orphans, including their interactions with their foster mother, to assess the process of fostering. Fostering success was high (89%). Orphans maintained close association with the foster mother and had little or no socio-negative and abnormal behavior. Comparison with literature showed a similar high fostering success in another vervet monkey study, regardless of the period and level of human-caregiving, and it is apparent that the duration of human care is less important than the protocol used for fostering. Nonetheless, our study has conservation relevance for vervet monkey rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnè van Niekerk
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Neville Pillay
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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20
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Habashy NH, Abu-Serie MM. Attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced nephrotoxicity by gum Arabic extract via modulating cellular redox state, NF-κB pathway, and KIM-1. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116340. [PMID: 38428308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the ameliorating impact of GA water extract (GAE) on CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity in renal cells and tissue by comparing its effectiveness with the Ketosteril (Ks) drug in restoring oxidative stress and necroinflammation. The cell morphology, necrosis, and redox state were evaluated in Vero cells. The influence of GAE on CCl4-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and necrosis was examined in rats. The predicted inhibitory mechanism of GAE phenolic constituents against COX-2 and iNOS was also studied. The results revealed that GAE contains crucial types of phenolic acids, which are associated with its antiradical activities. GAE improved CCl4-induced Vero cell damage and restored renal architecture damage, total antioxidant capacity, ROS, TBARS, NO, GSH, GPX, SOD, and MPO in rats. GAE downregulated the gene expression of renal NF-κB, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2, as well as kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in rats. The GAE improved blood urea, creatinine, cholesterol, and reducing power. The computational analysis revealed the competitive inhibitory mechanism of selected phenolic composites of GAE on COX-2 and iNOS activities. The GAE exhibited higher potency than Ks in most of the studied parameters, as observed by the heatmap plots. Thus, GAE is a promising extract for the treatment of kidney toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha H Habashy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
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21
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Wongwad E, Jadsadajerm S, Mungmai L, Wisetsai A. Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Anti-Glycation, and Anti-Tyrosinase Compounds from the Leaves of Uvaria Siamensis. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400319. [PMID: 38423999 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A new oxidized heptene, 7-benzoyloxy-4-hydroxy-1-ethoxy-2E,4Z-heptadiene-1,6-dione, namely siamheptene A (1), together with eight known compounds (2-9), were isolated from the leaves of Uvaria siamensis. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic (IR, 1D and 2D NMR) and mass spectrometric data. Compound 9 is reported for the first time from Uvaria genus. Siamheptene A was evaluated for cytotoxicity against HeLa (cervical cancer cells), A549 (lung cancer cells), and Vero cells using the MTT assay and screened for antibacterial activities. In addition, the isolated compounds (1-7, and 9) were investigated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS+ assays), anti-glycation, and anti-tyrosinase properties. Based on our results, compound 1 had mild cytotoxicity against Hela and A549 cancer cell lines, with IC50 ranging from 31.09 to 31.67 μg/mL. Compound 1 also showed antioxidant activities in all tasted assays. However, it showed no detectable activity (>128 μg/mL) against various bacterial strains, and it has no inhibitory effects on tyrosinase enzymes. Among of all tested compounds, chrysin (5), showcased highest anti-glycation and anti-tyrosinase activities. This comprehensive analysis provides highlighting the potential of 1 as a lead compound for further structural modification and development of cytotoxic or antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eakkaluk Wongwad
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Supachai Jadsadajerm
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Lapatrada Mungmai
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Awat Wisetsai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
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22
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Stanfield BA, Ruiz E, Chouljenko VN, Kousoulas KG. Guinea pig herpes like virus is a gamma herpesvirus. Virus Genes 2024; 60:148-158. [PMID: 38340271 PMCID: PMC10978641 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Guinea Pig Herpes-Like Virus (GPHLV) is a virus isolated from leukemic guinea pigs with herpes virus-like morphology described by Hsiung and Kaplow in 1969. GPHLV transformed embryonic cells from Syrian hamsters or rats, which were tumorigenic in adult animals. Herein, we present the genomic sequence of GPHLV strain LK40 as a reference for future molecular analysis. GPHLV has a broad host tropism and replicates efficiently in Guinea pig, Cat, and Green African Monkey-derived cell lines. GPHLV has a GC content of 35.45%. The genome is predicted to encode at least 75 open-reading frames (ORFs) with 84% (63 ORFs) sharing homology to human Kaposi Sarcoma Associated Herpes Virus (KSHV). Importantly, GPHLV encodes homologues of the KSHV oncogenes, vBCL2 (ORF16), vPK (ORF36), viral cyclin (v-cyclin, ORF72), the latency associated nuclear antigen (LANA, ORF73), and vGPCR (ORF74). GPHLV is a Rhadinovirus of Cavia porcellus, and we propose the formal name of Caviid gamma herpesvirus 1 (CaGHV-1). GPHLV can be a novel small animal model of Rhadinovirus pathogenesis with broad host tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Stanfield
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Emmanuelle Ruiz
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Vladimir N Chouljenko
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Konstantin G Kousoulas
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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23
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Guette-Marquet S, Saunier V, Pilloux L, Roques C, Bergel A. Electrochemical assay of mammalian cell viability. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108625. [PMID: 38086275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
We present the first use of amperometric detection to assess the viability of mammalian cells in continuous mode, directly in the cell culture medium. Vero or HeLa cells were injected into electrochemical sensors equipped with a 3-electrode system and containing DCIP 50 µM used as the redox mediator. DCIP was reduced by the viable cells and the reduced form was detected amperometrically at 300 mV vs silver pseudo-reference. The continuous regeneration of the oxidized form of the mediator ensured a stable redox state of the cell environment, allowing the cells to survive during the measurement time. The electrochemical response was related to cell metabolism (no response with dead cells or lysed cells) and depended on both mediator concentration and cell density. The protocol was applied to both cells in suspension and adhered cells. It was also adapted to detect trans-plasma membrane electron transfer (tPMET) by replacing DCIP by ferricyanide 500 µM and using linear scan voltammetry (2 mV/s). The pioneering results described here pave the way to the development of routine electrochemical assays for cell viability and for designing a cell-based analytical platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Guette-Marquet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Valentin Saunier
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires I2MC, Equipe 1, Toulouse, France
| | - Ludovic Pilloux
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Bergel
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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24
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Mishra M, Ballal A, Rath D, Rath A. Novel silver nanoparticle-antibiotic combinations as promising antibacterial and anti-biofilm candidates against multiple-antibiotic resistant ESKAPE microorganisms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 236:113826. [PMID: 38447448 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The emergence of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) in ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens is a global challenge to public health. The inherent antimicrobial nature of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) makes them promising antimicrobial candidates against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This study explores the combination of AgNPs with antibiotics (SACs) to create new antimicrobial agents effective against MAR ESKAPE microorganisms. METHODS AgNPs were synthesized using Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and characterized for structure and surface properties. The SACs were tested against ESKAPE microorganisms using growth kinetics and time-kill curve methods. The effect of SACs on bacterial biofilms and the disruption of cell membranes was determined. The in-vitro cytotoxicity effect of the AgNPs was also studied. FINDINGS The synthesized AgNPs (spherical, 7.37±4.55 nm diameter) were antimicrobial against MAR ESKAPE microorganisms. The SACs showed synergy with multiple conventional antibiotics, reducing their antibacterial concentrations up to 32-fold. Growth kinetics and time-kill studies confirmed the growth retardation effect and bactericidal activity of SACs. Mechanistic studies suggested that these biofilm-eradicating SACs probably resulted in the loss of bacterial cell membrane integrity, leading to leakage of the cytoplasmic content. The AgNPs were highly cytotoxic against skin melanoma cells but non-cytotoxic to normal Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitri Mishra
- Antimicrobial Research (AMR) Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400098, India
| | - Anand Ballal
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Devashish Rath
- Applied Genomics Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Archana Rath
- Antimicrobial Research (AMR) Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400098, India.
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25
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Betrie AH, Abdul-Ridha A, Hartono H, Chalmers DK, Wright CE, Scott DJ, Angus JA, Ayton S. The 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative, clioquinol, is an alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116092. [PMID: 38408679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Clioquinol (5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline) is an antimicrobial agent whose actions as a zinc or copper ionophore and an iron chelator revived the interest in similar compounds for the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections, neurodegeneration and cancer. Recently, we reported zinc ionophores, including clioquinol, cause vasorelaxation in isolated arteries through mechanisms that involve sensory nerves, endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. Here, we report that clioquinol also uniquely acts as a competitive alpha-1 (α1) adrenoceptor antagonist. We employed ex vivo functional vascular contraction and pharmacological techniques in rat isolated mesenteric arteries, receptor binding assays using stabilized solubilized α1 receptor variants, or wild-type human α1-adrenoceptors transfected in COS-7 cells (African green monkey kidney fibroblast-like cells), and molecular dynamics homology modelling based on the recently published α1A adrenoceptor cryo-EM and α1B crystal structures. At higher concentrations, all ionophores including clioquinol cause a non-competitive antagonism of agonist-mediated contraction due to intracellular zinc delivery, as reported previously. However, at lower concentration ranges, clioquinol has an additional mechanism of competitively inhibiting α1-adrenoceptors that contributes to decreasing vascular contractility. Molecular dynamic simulation showed that clioquinol binds stably to the orthosteric binding site (Asp106) of the receptor, confirming the structural basis for competitive α1-adrenoceptor antagonism by clioquinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi H Betrie
- Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Translational Cardiovascular and Renal Research Group, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alaa Abdul-Ridha
- Drug Discovery Innovation Group, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Herodion Hartono
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - David K Chalmers
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine E Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel J Scott
- Drug Discovery Innovation Group, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A Angus
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Ayton
- Translational Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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26
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Chengcheng Z, Qingqing Z, Xiaomiao H, Wei L, Xiaorong Z, Yantao W. IFI16 plays a critical role in avian reovirus induced cellular immunosuppression and suppresses virus replication. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103506. [PMID: 38335672 PMCID: PMC10869280 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV), which commonly induces viral arthritis or tenosynovitis and immunosuppression in chickens, is associated with the nonstructural protein p17 that plays a crucial role in viral replication and regulates cellular signaling pathways through its interaction with cellular proteins. In our previous study, we identified the host protein IFN-γ-inducible protein-16 (IFI16) as an interacting partner of ARV p17 through yeast two-hybrid screening. In the current study, we further confirmed the interaction between IFI16 and p17 protein using coimmunoprecipitation, glutathione S-transferase (GST)-pulldown assay, and laser confocal microscopy techniques. Additionally, we found that the amino acid of p1761-119 is responsible for mediating the interaction with the HINa and HINb domains of IFI16. Interestingly, we observed a significant increase in IFI16 expression upon ARV infection or p17 protein exposure. Moreover, the replication of ARV was found to be largely influenced by the quantity of IFI16 protein. Overexpression of IFI16 led to a significant decrease in ARV replication, while knockdown of the IFI16 expression led to the contrary result. Additionally, our findings demonstrate that IFI16 plays a crucial role in the induction of inflammatory cytokines IFN-β and IL-1β during ARV infection as confirmed by qRT-PCR and ELISA analyses. In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the functional role of p17 protein and the pathogenic mechanism underlying ARV infection, particularly its association with inflammatory response. Furthermore, it offers new perspectives for identifying potential therapeutic targets against ARV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Chengcheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Zhang Qingqing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Hu Xiaomiao
- Yangzhou Vocational University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Wei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province/Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Zhang Xiaorong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Wu Yantao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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27
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Xue Y, Ma Y, Sun Z, Liu X, Zhang M, Zhang J, Xi N. Identification and Measurement of Biomarkers at Single Microorganism Level for In Situ Monitoring Deep Ultraviolet Disinfection Process. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2024; 23:242-251. [PMID: 37676797 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2023.3312754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 disease has been further aggravated, the prevention of pathogen transmission becomes a vital issue to restrain casualties. Recent research outcomes have shown the possibilities of the viruses existing on inanimate surfaces up to few days, which carry the risk of touch propagation of the disease. Deep ultraviolet germicide irradiation (UVGI) with the wavelength of 255-280nm has been verified to efficiently disinfect various types of bacteria and virus, which could prevent the aggravation of pandemic spread. Even though considerable experiments and approaches have been applied to evaluate the disinfection effects, there are only few reports about how the individual bio-organism behaves after ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation, especially in the aspect of mechanical changes. Furthermore, since the standard pathway of virus transmission and reproduction requires the host cell to assemble and transport newly generated virus, the dynamic response of infectious cell is always the vital aspect of virology study. In this work, high power LEDs array has been established with 270nm UVC irradiation to evaluate disinfection capability on various types of bio-organism, and incubator embedded atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to investigate the single bacterium and virus under UVGI. The real-time tracking of the living Vero cells infected with adenovirus has also been presented in this study. The results show that after sufficient UVGI, the outer shell of bacteria and viruses remain intact in structure, however the bio-organisms lost the capability of reproduction and normal metabolism. The experiment results also indicate that once the host cell is infected with adenovirus, the rapid production of newborn virus capsid will gradually destroy the cellular normal metabolism and lose mechanical integrity.
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Bo T, Wang C, Yao D, Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Wang F, He W, Xu W, Zhou H, Li M, Zhang S, Xue R. Efficient gene delivery by multifunctional star poly (β-amino ester)s into difficult-to-transfect macrophages for M1 polarization. J Control Release 2024; 368:157-169. [PMID: 38367861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Gene delivery to macrophages holds great promise for cancer immunotherapy. However, traditional gene delivery methods exhibit low transfection efficiency in macrophages. The star-shaped topological structure of polymers is known to encapsulate genes inside their cores, thereby facilitating sustained release of the genetic material. Herein, combining the structural advantages of star polymers and the transfection advantages of poly (β-amino ester)s (PAEs), we developed a novel linear oligomer grafting-onto strategy to synthesize a library of multi-terminal star structured PAEs (SPAEs), and evaluated their gene delivery efficiency in various tissue cells. The transfection with human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2, HCC-LM3 cells and MHCC-97H cells), rat normal liver cells (BRL-3 A cells), human ovarian cancer cells (A2780 cells), African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells), human cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells), human chondrosarcoma cells (SW1353 cells), and difficult-to-transfect human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and normal human fibroblast cells (NHF cells) showed that SPAEs exhibited superior transfection profile. The GFP transfection efficiency of top-performing SPAEs in HeLa cells (96.1%) was 2.1-fold, and 3.2-fold higher compared to jetPEI and Lipo3000, respectively, indicating that the star-shaped topological structure can significantly enhance the transfection efficiency of PAEs. More importantly, the top-performing SPAEs could efficiently deliver Nod2 DNA to difficult-to-transfect RAW264.7 macrophages, with a high transfection efficiency of 33.9%, which could promote macrophage M1 polarization and enhanced CD8+ T cell response in co-incubation experiments. This work advances gene therapy by targeting difficult-to-transfect macrophages and remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Dingjin Yao
- Shanghai EditorGene Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qiuyu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yitong Zhao
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232000, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232000, China
| | - Weiyi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Si Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ruyi Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Adhikari S, Maharjan J, Bhattarai S, Kunwar K, Agrawal S, Dangal RK, Chapagain RH, Bista TB, Bhattarai S. Adverse Events Following COVISHIELD and VERO CELL Vaccination Campaigns Against COVID-19. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2024; 21:651-658. [PMID: 38616598 DOI: 10.33314/jnhrc.v21i4.4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination against COVID-19 for Nepalese was initiated in January 2021 for various age groups. People were anxious about receiving the vaccines and were concerned about the safety profile of the vaccine they received. In this study, we have tried to observe the Adverse Events Following Immunization of two different vaccines namely COVISHIELD (ChAdOx1 nCOV-19) and VERO CELL (CZ02 strain), used in different phases of vaccination by the government of Nepal. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among people who received COVID-19 vaccines in this study using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was cleaned and then exported to IBM SPSS v.20 for analysis, Chi-square test was used to see the association between different variables and a p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Out of 303 respondents, all had received the first and 270 participants had received the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, among which, 133 (43.89%) reported at least one side effect after the first dose of vaccination while 58 (21.48%) had self-reported side effects after the second dose of vaccination. Seventeen percent of the respondents had COVID-19 infection within the past 3 months before receiving COVID-19 vaccine. Three percent of participants had re-infection with COVID-19 after receiving the first or the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Among participants who experienced adverse events, 42% and 62.1% of participants experienced mild adverse events following the first dose and second dose of the vaccine, respectively. Conclusions: The adverse events following immunization for both vaccines after both doses of vaccination were quite low, with 43.89% of participants reporting side effects after the first dose and 21.48% of participants reporting side effects after the second dose. Adverse events were most frequently reported within 24 hours of vaccination and were mostly mild. There was no statistical significance of adverse events between both vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raj Kumar Dangal
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
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30
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Hoon Lee J, Kim YJ, Kim TK, Song KM, Choi YS. Effect of ethanol treatment on the structural, techno-functional, and antioxidant properties of edible insect protein obtained from Tenebrio molitor larvae. Food Chem 2024; 437:137852. [PMID: 37922798 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Edible insect-derived proteins have attracted considerable attention in the food industry owing to their excellent nutritional and bio-functional activities. Herein, ethanol (20, 40, 60, and 80 %)-treated Tenebrio molitor protein (ETMP) was prepared, and its structural, techno-functional, and antioxidant properties were assessed. As the ethanol concentration increased, the molecular weight of the ETMP decreased, and α-helix content decreased whereas that of β-sheet increased, affecting the secondary structure. Ethanol treatment also resulted in changes in the techno-functional properties of edible insect proteins. ETMP showed significant 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical-scavenging activity (p < 0.05), and its antioxidant activity effectively increased the viability of Vero cells damaged by oxidative stress; 20 % ethanol treatment induced the highest antioxidant activity. In conclusion, our results suggest that appropriate ethanol treatment (20 %) increases the antioxidant activity of edible insect proteins, suggesting their potential in food as an alternative protein resource and functional food with excellent antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lee
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea-Ji Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Pastor Y, Reynard O, Iampietro M, Surenaud M, Picard F, El Jahrani N, Lefebvre C, Hammoudi A, Dupaty L, Brisebard É, Reynard S, Moureaux É, Moroso M, Durand S, Gonzalez C, Amurri L, Gallouët AS, Marlin R, Baize S, Chevillard E, Raoul H, Hocini H, Centlivre M, Thiébaut R, Horvat B, Godot V, Lévy Y, Cardinaud S. A vaccine targeting antigen-presenting cells through CD40 induces protective immunity against Nipah disease. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101467. [PMID: 38471503 PMCID: PMC10983108 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) has been recently ranked by the World Health Organization as being among the top eight emerging pathogens likely to cause major epidemics, whereas no therapeutics or vaccines have yet been approved. We report a method to deliver immunogenic epitopes from NiV through the targeting of the CD40 receptor of antigen-presenting cells by fusing a selected humanized anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody to the Nipah glycoprotein with conserved NiV fusion and nucleocapsid peptides. In the African green monkey model, CD40.NiV induces specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG as well as cross-neutralizing responses against circulating NiV strains and Hendra virus and T cell responses. Challenge experiments using a NiV-B strain demonstrate the high protective efficacy of the vaccine, with all vaccinated animals surviving and showing no significant clinical signs or virus replication, suggesting that the CD40.NiV vaccine conferred sterilizing immunity. Overall, results obtained with the CD40.NiV vaccine are highly promising in terms of the breadth and efficacy against NiV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Pastor
- INSERM U955 - Équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Reynard
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Iampietro
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Surenaud
- INSERM U955 - Équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Florence Picard
- INSERM U955 - Équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Nora El Jahrani
- INSERM U955 - Équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Cécile Lefebvre
- INSERM U955 - Équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Adele Hammoudi
- INSERM U955 - Équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Léa Dupaty
- INSERM U955 - Équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Reynard
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France; Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, Lyon, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Moroso
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm Jean Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Durand
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Gonzalez
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Lucia Amurri
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gallouët
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, autoimmunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Romain Marlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Immunologie des maladies virales, autoimmunes, hématologiques et bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sylvain Baize
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France; Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, Lyon, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Hervé Raoul
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm Jean Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Hakim Hocini
- INSERM U955 - Équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Mireille Centlivre
- INSERM U955 - Équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France; University Bordeaux, Department of Public Health, INSERM Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inria SISTM, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Department of Medical Information, Bordeaux, France
| | - Branka Horvat
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Godot
- INSERM U955 - Équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- INSERM U955 - Équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France.
| | - Sylvain Cardinaud
- INSERM U955 - Équipe 16, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France.
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Byford O, Shaw AB, Tse HN, Todd EJAA, Álvarez-Rodríguez B, Hewson R, Fontana J, Barr JN. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis arenavirus requires cellular COPI and AP-4 complexes for efficient virion production. J Virol 2024; 98:e0200623. [PMID: 38334330 PMCID: PMC10949467 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02006-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a bisegmented negative-sense RNA virus classified within the Arenaviridae family of the Bunyavirales order. LCMV is associated with fatal disease in immunocompromized populations, and as the prototypical arenavirus, acts as a model for the many serious human pathogens within this group. Here, we examined the dependence of LCMV multiplication on cellular trafficking components using a recombinant LCMV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein in conjunction with a curated siRNA library. The screen revealed a requirement for subunits of both the coat protein 1 (COPI) coatomer and adapter protein 4 (AP-4) complexes. By rescuing a recombinant LCMV harboring a FLAG-tagged glycoprotein (GP-1) envelope spike (rLCMV-GP1-FLAG), we showed infection resulted in marked co-localization of individual COPI and AP-4 components with both LCMV nucleoprotein (NP) and GP-1, consistent with their involvement in viral processes. To further investigate the role of both COPI and AP-4 complexes during LCMV infection, we utilized the ARF-I inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA) that prevents complex formation. Within a single 12-h cycle of virus multiplication, BFA pre-treatment caused no significant change in LCMV-specific RNA synthesis, alongside no significant change in LCMV NP expression, as measured by BFA time-of-addition experiments. In contrast, BFA addition resulted in a significant drop in released virus titers, approaching 50-fold over the same 12-h period, rising to over 600-fold over 24 h. Taken together, these findings suggest COPI and AP-4 complexes are important host cell factors required for the formation and release of infectious LCMV. IMPORTANCE Arenaviruses are rodent-borne, segmented, negative-sense RNA viruses, with several members responsible for fatal human disease, with the prototypic member lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) being under-recognised as a pathogen capable of inflicting neurological infections with fatal outcome. A detailed understanding of how arenaviruses subvert host cell processes to complete their multiplication cycle is incomplete. Here, using a combination of gene ablation and pharmacological inhibition techniques, we showed that host cellular COPI and AP-4 complexes, with native roles in cellular vesicular transport, were required for efficient LCMV growth. We further showed these complexes acted on late stages of the multiplication cycle, post-gene expression, with a significant impact on infectious virus egress. Collectively, our findings improve the understanding of arenaviruses host-pathogen interactions and reveal critical cellular trafficking pathways required during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Byford
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia B. Shaw
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hiu Nam Tse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor J. A. A. Todd
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Rodríguez
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Hewson
- Virology and Pathogenesis Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Fontana
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John N. Barr
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Pan MT, Zhang H, Li XJ, Guo XY. Genetically modified non-human primate models for research on neurodegenerative diseases. Zool Res 2024; 45:263-274. [PMID: 38287907 PMCID: PMC11017080 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a group of debilitating neurological disorders that primarily affect elderly populations and include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Currently, there are no therapies available that can delay, stop, or reverse the pathological progression of NDs in clinical settings. As the population ages, NDs are imposing a huge burden on public health systems and affected families. Animal models are important tools for preclinical investigations to understand disease pathogenesis and test potential treatments. While numerous rodent models of NDs have been developed to enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms, the limited success of translating findings from animal models to clinical practice suggests that there is still a need to bridge this translation gap. Old World non-human primates (NHPs), such as rhesus, cynomolgus, and vervet monkeys, are phylogenetically, physiologically, biochemically, and behaviorally most relevant to humans. This is particularly evident in the similarity of the structure and function of their central nervous systems, rendering such species uniquely valuable for neuroscience research. Recently, the development of several genetically modified NHP models of NDs has successfully recapitulated key pathologies and revealed novel mechanisms. This review focuses on the efficacy of NHPs in modeling NDs and the novel pathological insights gained, as well as the challenges associated with the generation of such models and the complexities involved in their subsequent analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tian Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China. E-mail:
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Karim M, Pohane AA, Lo CW, Einav S, Garhyan J. Chemical inactivation strategies for SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and organoids. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102906. [PMID: 38401122 PMCID: PMC10904193 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) research, conducted in high-containment laboratories, requires transferring samples to lower containment labs for downstream applications, mandating sample inactivation. Here, we present a stepwise protocol for chemical inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 virus in culture supernatants or within infected cells and organoids, using eight chemical reagents validated via plaque assays. Additionally, we describe steps for troubleshooting virus inactivation, titer calculation, and log reduction. This protocol offers valuable resources for the COVID-19 research community, providing essential tools to advance research on this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Karim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Amol Arunrao Pohane
- Stanford In Vitro Biosafety Level 3 Service Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chieh-Wen Lo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shirit Einav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jaishree Garhyan
- Stanford In Vitro Biosafety Level 3 Service Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Malekhayati H, Bargahi A, Khorami S, Khataminejad M, Fouladvand M. Anti- Trichomonas vaginalis Activity of Marine Ascidians (Tunicates; Ascidiacea) from the Bushehr Province, Iran. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2024; 48:21-26. [PMID: 38449363 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2023.96658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the current research is to evaluate the antiparasite effects of compounds isolated from marine ascidian tunicates on Trichomonas vaginalis. Methods Ascidian tunicates after collection were cut into small pieces, freeze-dried, and powdered. The resulting material was subjected to extraction in double-distilled water, ethanol, n-hexane, and dichloromethane. To fractionate the extracts and identify the most bioactive compound, silica gel column chromatography and GC-M/S analysis were used. Results Fraction 18 of silica gel column chromatography of ethanol extract was the most effective against T. vaginalis. The respective IC50, CC50, and SI values for fraction 18 were 28.62 μg/mL, ˃800 μg/mL, and ˃27.95. GC-M/S analysis of this fraction identified a major phenolic compound (2, 4-bis (1, 1-dimethyl ethyl), whose toxicity against vero cells was only 10.15%. Conclusion The ethanolic fraction containing phenol-2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl), which has a potent lethality effect on T. vaginalis, may be considered as an antiparasite drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Malekhayati
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshar Bargahi
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bushehr, Iran
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Soleiman Khorami
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khataminejad
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Moradali Fouladvand
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bushehr, Iran
- The Persian Gulf Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Utrilla-Trigo S, Jiménez-Cabello L, Marín-López A, Illescas-Amo M, Andrés G, Calvo-Pinilla E, Lorenzo G, van Rijn PA, Ortego J, Nogales A. Engineering recombinant replication-competent bluetongue viruses expressing reporter genes for in vitro and non-invasive in vivo studies. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0249323. [PMID: 38353566 PMCID: PMC10923215 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02493-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the causative agent of the important livestock disease bluetongue (BT), which is transmitted via Culicoides bites. BT causes severe economic losses associated with its considerable impact on health and trade of animals. By reverse genetics, we have designed and rescued reporter-expressing recombinant (r)BTV expressing NanoLuc luciferase (NLuc) or Venus fluorescent protein. To generate these viruses, we custom synthesized a modified viral segment 5 encoding NS1 protein with the reporter genes located downstream and linked by the Porcine teschovirus-1 (PTV-1) 2A autoproteolytic cleavage site. Therefore, fluorescent signal or luciferase activity is only detected after virus replication and expression of non-structural proteins. Fluorescence or luminescence signals were detected in cells infected with rBTV/Venus or rBTV/NLuc, respectively. Moreover, the marking of NS2 protein confirmed that reporter genes were only expressed in BTV-infected cells. Growth kinetics of rBTV/NLuc and rBTV/Venus in Vero cells showed replication rates similar to those of wild-type and rBTV. Infectivity studies of these recombinant viruses in IFNAR(-/-) mice showed a higher lethal dose for rBTV/NLuc and rBTV/Venus than for rBTV indicating that viruses expressing the reporter genes are attenuated in vivo. Interestingly, luciferase activity was detected in the plasma of viraemic mice infected with rBTV/NLuc. Furthermore, luciferase activity quantitatively correlated with RNAemia levels of infected mice throughout the infection. In addition, we have investigated the in vivo replication and dissemination of BTV in IFNAR (-/-) mice using BTV/NLuc and non-invasive in vivo imaging systems.IMPORTANCEThe use of replication-competent viruses that encode a traceable fluorescent or luciferase reporter protein has significantly contributed to the in vitro and in vivo study of viral infections and the development of novel therapeutic approaches. In this work, we have generated rBTV that express fluorescent or luminescence proteins to track BTV infection both in vitro and in vivo. Despite the availability of vaccines, BTV and other related orbivirus are still associated with a significant impact on animal health and have important economic consequences worldwide. Our studies may contribute to the advance in orbivirus research and pave the way for the rapid development of new treatments, including vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Utrilla-Trigo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Jiménez-Cabello
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Marín-López
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Miguel Illescas-Amo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Andrés
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Calvo-Pinilla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Lorenzo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Piet A. van Rijn
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, the Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Javier Ortego
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
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Zhao R, Du B, Luo Y, Xue F, Wang H, Qu D, Han S, Heilbronner S, Zhao Y. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of a thiazolidinone derivative against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0232723. [PMID: 38329365 PMCID: PMC10913468 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02327-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes many infections with significant morbidity and mortality. S. aureus can form biofilms, which can cause biofilm-associated diseases and increase resistance to many conventional antibiotics, resulting in chronic infection. It is critical to develop novel antibiotics against staphylococcal infections, particularly those that can kill cells embedded in biofilms. This study aimed to investigate the bacteriocidal and anti-biofilm activities of thiazolidinone derivative (TD-H2-A) against S. aureus. A total of 40 non-duplicate strains were collected, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of TD-H2-A were determined. The effect of TD-H2-A on established S. aureus mature biofilms was examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The antibacterial effects of the compound on planktonic bacteria and bacteria in mature biofilms were investigated. Other characteristics, such as cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, were researched. A mouse skin infection model was used, and a routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used for histological examination. The MIC values of TD-H2-A against the different S. aureus strains were 6.3-25.0 µg/mL. The 5 × MIC TD-H2-A killed almost all planktonic S. aureus USA300. The derivative was found to have strong bacteriocidal activity against cells in mature biofilms meanwhile having low cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity against Vero cells and human erythrocytes. TD-H2-A had a good bacteriocidal effect on S. aureus SA113-infected mice. In conclusion, TD-H2-A demonstrated good bacteriocidal and anti-biofilm activities against S. aureus, paving the way for the development of novel agents to combat biofilm infections and multidrug-resistant staphylococcal infections.IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus aureus, a notorious pathogen, can form a stubborn biofilm and develop drug resistance. It is crucial to develop new anti-infective therapies against biofilm-associated infections. The manuscript describes the new antibiotic to effectively combat multidrug-resistant and biofilm-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingyu Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Luo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fen Xue
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqing Han
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Simon Heilbronner
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Kadir NHA, Murugan N, Khan AA, Sandrasegaran A, Khan AU, Alam M. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from pumpkin seeds. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:602-615. [PMID: 38018343 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) produced from Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin seeds) and their selective cytotoxic effectiveness on human colon cancer cells (HCT 116) and African Green Monkey Kidney, Vero cells. The study also investigated the antioxidant activity of ZnONPs. The study also examined ZnONPs' antioxidant properties. This was motivated by the limited research on the comparative cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on normal and HCT116 cells. The ZnO NPs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscope/Selected Area Electron Diffraction (TEM/SAED), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) for determination of chemical fingerprinting, heat stability, size, and morphology of the elements, respectively. Based on the results, ZnO NPs from pumpkins were found to be less than 5 μm and agglomerates in nature. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs fingerprinting and SEM-EDX element analysis were similar to previous literature, suggesting the sample was proven as ZnO NPs. The ZnO NPs also stable at a temperature of 380°C indicating that the green material is quite robust at 60-400°C. The cell viability of Vero cells and HCT 116 cell line were measured at two different time points (24 and 48 h) to assess the cytotoxicity effects of ZnO NP on these cells using AlamarBlue assay. Cytotoxic results have shown that ZnO NPs did not inhibit Vero cells but were slightly toxic to cancer cells, with a dose-response curve IC50 = ~409.7 μg/mL. This green synthesis of ZnO NPs was found to be non-toxic to normal cells but has a slight cytotoxicity effect on HCT 116 cells. A theoretical study used molecular docking to investigate nanoparticle interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), exploring its mechanism in inhibiting CDK2's role in cancer. Further study should be carried out to determine suitable concentrations for cytotoxicity studies. Additionally, DPPH has a significant antioxidant capacity, with an IC50 of 142.857 μg/mL. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Pumpkin seed extracts facilitated a rapid, high-yielding, and environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to investigate the optical properties, scalability, size, shape, dispersity, and stability of ZnO NPs. The cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs on Vero and HCT 116 cells was assessed, showing no inhibition of Vero cells and cytotoxicity of cancer cells. The DPPH assay was also used to investigate the antioxidant potential of biogenic nanoparticles. A molecular docking study was performed to investigate the interaction of ZnO NPs with CDK2 and to explore the mechanism by which they inhibit CDK2's role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Huda Abd Kadir
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Navindran Murugan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Azhar U Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life and Basic Sciences, SIILAS Campus, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department of Safety Engineering, Dongguk University Wise, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
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Bogacheva MS, Kuivanen S, Potdar S, Hassinen A, Huuskonen S, Pöhner I, Luck TJ, Turunen L, Feodoroff M, Szirovicza L, Savijoki K, Saarela J, Tammela P, Paavolainen L, Poso A, Varjosalo M, Kallioniemi O, Pietiäinen V, Vapalahti O. Drug repurposing platform for deciphering the druggable SARS-CoV-2 interactome. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105813. [PMID: 38272320 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has heavily challenged the global healthcare system. Despite the vaccination programs, the new virus variants are circulating. Further research is required for understanding of the biology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and for discovery of therapeutic agents against the virus. Here, we took advantage of drug repurposing to identify if existing drugs could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. We established an open high throughput platform for in vitro screening of drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We screened ∼1000 drugs for their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death in the African green monkey kidney cell line (Vero-E6), analyzed how the hit compounds affect the viral N (nucleocapsid) protein expression in human cell lines using high-content microscopic imaging and analysis, determined the hit drug targets in silico, and assessed their ability to cause phospholipidosis, which can interfere with the viral replication. Duvelisib was found by in silico interaction assay as a potential drug targeting virus-host protein interactions. The predicted interaction between PARP1 and S protein, affected by Duvelisib, was further validated by immunoprecipitation. Our results represent a rapidly applicable platform for drug repurposing and evaluation of the new emerging viruses' responses to the drugs. Further in silico studies help us to discover the druggable host pathways involved in the infectious cycle of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia S Bogacheva
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Suvi Kuivanen
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Swapnil Potdar
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Hassinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Huuskonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ina Pöhner
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tamara J Luck
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Turunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michaela Feodoroff
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leonora Szirovicza
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Tammela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lassi Paavolainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Poso
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Vilja Pietiäinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Chen X, Liang Y, Weng Z, Hu C, Peng Y, Sun Y, Gao Q, Huang Z, Tang S, Gong L, Zhang G. ALIX and TSG101 are essential for cellular entry and replication of two porcine alphacoronaviruses. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012103. [PMID: 38489378 PMCID: PMC10971774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Alphacoronaviruses are the primary coronaviruses responsible for causing severe economic losses in the pig industry with the potential to cause human outbreaks. Currently, extensive studies have reported the essential role of endosomal sorting and transport complexes (ESCRT) in the life cycle of enveloped viruses. However, very little information is available about which ESCRT components are crucial for alphacoronaviruses infection. By using RNA interference in combination with Co-immunoprecipitation, as well as fluorescence and electron microscopy approaches, we have dissected the role of ALIX and TSG101 for two porcine alphacoronavirus cellular entry and replication. Results show that infection by two porcine alphacoronaviruses, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine enteric alphacoronavirus (PEAV), is dramatically decreased in ALIX- or TSG101-depleted cells. Furthermore, PEDV entry significantly increases the interaction of ALIX with caveolin-1 (CAV1) and RAB7, which are crucial for viral endocytosis and lysosomal transport, however, does not require TSG101. Interestingly, PEAV not only relies on ALIX to regulate viral endocytosis and lysosomal transport, but also requires TSG101 to regulate macropinocytosis. Besides, ALIX and TSG101 are recruited to the replication sites of PEDV and PEAV where they become localized within the endoplasmic reticulum and virus-induced double-membrane vesicles. PEDV and PEAV replication were significantly inhibited by depletion of ALIX and TSG101 in Vero cells or primary jejunal epithelial cells, indicating that ALIX and TSG101 are crucial for PEDV and PEAV replication. Collectively, these data highlight the dual role of ALIX and TSG101 in the entry and replication of two porcine alphacoronaviruses. Thus, ESCRT proteins could serve as therapeutic targets against two porcine alphacoronaviruses infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongnan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhao Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingshuo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengqiu Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
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Pletcher JS, Zimmer JL, Liu CC, Beierschmitt A, Lewin AC. Ocular examination findings and selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in African green monkeys ( Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:158-169. [PMID: 37442802 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document ocular lesions and establish ophthalmic diagnostic test reference values in a colony of African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). ANIMALS STUDIED Fifty one geriatric (GAGM, 19-30 years old), 10 adult (AAGM, 5-9 years old) and 10 juvenile (JAGM, <2 years old) African green monkeys housed in a single Caribbean research colony. PROCEDURES Ocular biomicroscopy, indirect fundoscopy, Schirmer tear test (STT), rebound tonometry (TonoVet®) and corneal fluorescein staining were performed. Mixed ANCOVA tests were performed to compare STT and IOP between groups. RESULTS Common ocular lesions in GAGM included vitreal degeneration (27/51, 51/102 eyes) and cataracts (21/51, 32/102 eyes). Vitreal degeneration was also common in AAGM (8/10, 16/20 eyes) and infrequent in JAGM (3/10, 6/20 eyes). Cataracts were not present in any JAGM or AAGM. All eyes in all three groups had perilimbal corneal pigmentation and faint lace-like anterior corneal stromal opacification. Median (range) STT values were 16.0 (18) mm/min in GAGM. Mean (SD) STT values were 14.2 (4.6) mm/min in AAGM, and 8.9 (3.4) mm/min in JAGM. Median (range) IOP values were 16.5 (27) mmHg in GAGM. Mean (SD) IOP values were 18.0 (2.8) mmHg in AAGM, and 14.1 (2.2) mmHg in JAGM. JAGM had significantly lower STT and IOP values compared to AAGM (p = .0449, .0057, respectively) and GAGM (p = .0002, .0130, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous ocular lesions were common in geriatric monkeys in this research colony. IOP and STT values were lower in juvenile African green monkeys relative to adult or geriatric animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklin S Pletcher
- Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer L Zimmer
- Oakland Veterinary Referral Services, Bloomfield Township, Michigan, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amy Beierschmitt
- Behavioural Science Foundation, Estridge Estate, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Andrew C Lewin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Liu Z, Mo J, Li Y, Liu S, Zeng Q, Zhang J. Effect of the mitochondrial uncoupling agent BAM15 against the Toxoplasma gondii RH strain and Prugniaud strain. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:96. [PMID: 38424591 PMCID: PMC10905885 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the infection of the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), and safe and effective therapeutic drugs are lacking. Mitochondria, is an important organelle that maintains T. gondii survival, however, drugs targeting mitochondria are lacking. METHODS The cytotoxicity of BAM15 was detected by CCK-8 and the in vitro effects of BAM15 was detected by qPCR, plaque assay and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the ultrastructural changes of T. gondii after BAM15 treatment were observed by transmission electron microscopy, and further the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ATP level and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of T. gondii after BAM15 treatment were detected. The pharmacokinetic experiments and in vivo infection assays were performed in mice to determine the in vivo effect of BAM15. RESULTS BAM15 had excellent anti-T. gondii activity in vitro and in vivo with an EC50 value of 1.25 μM, while the IC50 of BAM15 in Vero cells was 27.07 μM. Notably, BAM15 significantly inhibited proliferation activity of T. gondii RH strain and Prugniaud strain (PRU), caused T. gondii death. Furthermore, BAM15 treatment induced T. gondii mitochondrial vacuolation and autolysis by TEM. Moreover, the decrease in ΔΨm and ATP level, as well as the increase in ROS production further confirmed the changes CONCLUSIONS: Our study identifies a useful T. gondii mitochondrial inhibitor, which may also serve as a leading molecule to develop therapeutic mitochondrial inhibitors in toxoplasmosis.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendi Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhengjiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Mo
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhengjiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yetian Li
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhengjiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhengjiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Zeng
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhengjiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jili Zhang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhengjiang Province, 315211, People's Republic of China.
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730050, People's Republic of China.
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Dawant T, Wang W, Spriggs M, Magela de Faria Junior G, Horton L, Szafranski NM, Waap H, Jokelainen P, Gerhold RW, Su C. Isolation of Toxoplasma gondii in cell culture: an alternative to bioassay. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:131-137. [PMID: 38097034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that can infect mammals and birds. The infection can cause acute toxoplasmosis and death in susceptible hosts. Bioassay using cats and mice has been the standard for the isolation of T. gondii from infected hosts for the past several decades. However, bioassay is labor-intensive, expensive, and involves using laboratory animals. To search alternative approaches and o work towards replacement of animal experiments, we summarized the key literature and conducted four experiments to isolate T. gondii in vitro by cell culture. A few heart tissue samples from animals with the highest antibody titers in a given collection were used for T. gondii isolation. These experiments included samples from five out of 51 wild ducks, four of 46 wild turkeys, six of 24 white-tailed deer, as well as from six kangaroos that had died with acute toxoplasmosis in a zoo. These experiments resulted in three isolates from five chronically infected wild ducks (60%), four isolates from four chronically infected wild turkeys (100%), one isolate from six chronically infected white-tailed deer (17%), and four isolates from six kangaroos with acute toxoplasmosis (67%). In addition, five isolates from the five chronically infected wild ducks were obtained by bioassay in mice, showing a 100% success rate, which is higher than the 60% rate by direct cell culture. These T. gondii isolates were successfully propagated in human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) or Vero cells, and genotyped by multilocus PCR-RFLP markers. The results showed that it is practical to isolate T. gondii directly in cell culture. Although the cell culture approach may not be as sensitive as the bioassay, it does provide an alternative that is simple, cost-effective, ethically more acceptable, and less time-sensitive to isolate T. gondii. In this paper we propose a procedure that may be applied and further optimized for isolation of T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Dawant
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Spriggs
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Busch Gardens, 3605 E. Bougainvillea Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | | | - Laura Horton
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. USA
| | - Nicole M Szafranski
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. USA
| | - Helga Waap
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços, de Produção e Saúde Anima (UEISPSA), Portugal; Animal Behaviour and Welfare Laboratory, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Infectious Disease Control-Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard W Gerhold
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. USA
| | - Chunlei Su
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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St Clair LA, Chan LLY, Boretsky A, Lin B, Spedding M, Perera R. High-Throughput SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Testing Method Using the Celigo Image Cytometer. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:561-570. [PMID: 37310590 PMCID: PMC10261830 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a worldwide public health crisis that has since resulted in 6.8 million reported deaths. The pandemic prompted the immediate response of researchers around the world to engage in rapid vaccine development, surveillance programs, and antiviral testing, which resulted in the delivery of multiple vaccines and repurposed antiviral drug candidates. However, the emergence of new highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants has renewed the desire for discovering new antiviral drug candidates with high efficacy against the emerging variants of concern. Traditional antiviral testing methods employ the plaque-reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), plaque assays, or RT-PCR analysis, but each assay can be tedious and time-consuming, requiring 2-3 days to complete the initial antiviral assay in biologically relevant cells, and then 3-4 days to visualize and count plaques in Vero cells, or to complete cell extractions and PCR analysis. In recent years, plate-based image cytometers have demonstrated high-throughput vaccine screening methods, which can be adopted for screening potential antiviral drug candidates. In this work, we developed a high-throughput antiviral testing method employing the Celigo Image Cytometer to investigate the efficacy of antiviral drug candidates on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity using a fluorescent reporter virus and their safety by measuring the cytotoxicity effects on the healthy host cell line using fluorescent viability stains. Compared to traditional methods, the assays defined here eliminated on average 3-4 days from our standard processing time for antiviral testing. Moreover, we were able to utilize human cell lines directly that are not typically amenable to PRNT or plaque assays. The Celigo Image Cytometer can provide an efficient and robust method to rapidly identify potential antiviral drugs to effectively combat the rapidly spreading SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A St Clair
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, CO, 80523, Fort Collins, USA
- Center for Metabolism of Infectious Diseases (C4MInD), Colorado State University, 3185 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Leo Li-Ying Chan
- Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Revvity, 360 Merrimack St. Suite 200, Lawrence, MA, 01843, USA.
| | - Adam Boretsky
- Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Revvity, 360 Merrimack St. Suite 200, Lawrence, MA, 01843, USA
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Advanced Technology R&D, Revvity, 360 Merrimack St. Suite 200, Lawrence, MA, 01843, USA
| | | | - Rushika Perera
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, CO, 80523, Fort Collins, USA.
- Center for Metabolism of Infectious Diseases (C4MInD), Colorado State University, 3185 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Marcano RGV, Khalil NM, de Lurdes Felsner M, Mainardes RM. Mitigating amphotericin B cytotoxicity through gliadin-casein nanoparticles: Insights into synthesis, optimization, characterization, in vitro release and cytotoxicity evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129471. [PMID: 38237837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a widely used antifungal agent; however, its clinical application is limited due to severe side effects and nephrotoxicity associated with parenteral administration. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the utilization of food-grade materials as innovative components for nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. This study introduces gliadin/casein nanoparticles encapsulating AmB (AmB_GliCas NPs), synthesized via antisolvent precipitation. Formulation was refined using a 24 factorial design, assessing the influence of gliadin and casein concentrations, as well as organic and aqueous phase volumes, on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. The optimal composition with 2 % gliadin, 0.5 % casein, and a 1:5 organic-to-aqueous phase ratio, yielded nanoparticles with a 442 nm size, a 0.307 PDI, a -20 mV zeta potential, and 82 % entrapment efficiency. AmB was confirmed to be amorphous within the nanoparticles by X-ray diffraction. These NPs released AmB sustainably over 96 h, primarily in its monomeric form. Moreover, NPs maintained stability in simulated gastrointestinal fluids with minimal drug release and showed significantly lower hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity on Vero cells than free AmB, suggesting their promise for oral AmB delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Gabriela Vásquez Marcano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, 85040-167 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Najeh Maissar Khalil
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, 85040-167 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lurdes Felsner
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, 85040-167 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Rubiana Mara Mainardes
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, 85040-167 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
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Guerreiro BM, Concórdio-Reis P, Pericão H, Martins F, Moppert X, Guézennec J, Lima JC, Silva JC, Freitas F. Elevated fucose content enhances the cryoprotective performance of anionic polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129577. [PMID: 38246459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Biological cryopreservation often involves using a cryoprotective agent (CPA) to mitigate lethal physical stressors cells endure during freezing and thawing, but effective CPA concentrations are cytotoxic. Hence, natural polysaccharides have been studied as biocompatible alternatives. Here, a subset of 26 natural polysaccharides of various chemical composition was probed for their potential in enhancing the metabolic post-thaw viability (PTV) of cryopreserved Vero cells. The best performing cryoprotective polysaccharides contained significant fucose amounts, resulting in average PTV 2.8-fold (up to 3.1-fold) compared to 0.8-fold and 2.2-fold for all non-cryoprotective and cryoprotective polysaccharides, respectively, outperforming the optimized commercial CryoStor™ CS5 formulation (2.6-fold). Stoichiometrically, a balance between fucose (18-35.7 mol%), uronic acids (UA) (13.5-26 mol%) and high molecular weight (MW > 1 MDa) generated optimal PTV. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that fucose enhances cell survival by a charge-independent, MW-scaling mechanism (PC1), drastically different from the charge-dominated ice growth disruption of UA (PC2). Its neutral nature and unique properties distinguishable from other neutral monomers suggest fucose may play a passive role in conformational adaptability of polysaccharide to ice growth inhibition, or an active role in cell membrane stabilization through binding. Ultimately, fucose-rich anionic polysaccharides may indulge in polymer-ice and polymer-cell interactions that actively disrupt ice and minimize lethal volumetric fluctuations due to a balanced hydrophobic-hydrophilic character. Our research showed the critical role neutral fucose plays in enhancing cellular cryopreservation outcomes, disputing previous assumptions of polyanionicity being the sole governing predictor of cryoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Guerreiro
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Concórdio-Reis
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Helena Pericão
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Martins
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Xavier Moppert
- Pacific Biotech SAS, BP 140 289, 98 701 Arue, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | - Jean Guézennec
- AiMB (Advices in Marine Biotechnology), 17 Rue d'Ouessant, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - João C Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Jorge C Silva
- CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal.
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Jocher J, Edenhofer FC, Müller S, Janssen P, Briem E, Geuder J, Enard W. Generation and characterization of two Vervet monkey induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from fibroblasts. Stem Cell Res 2024; 75:103315. [PMID: 38277709 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cross-species comparisons using pluripotent stem cells from primates are crucial to better understand human biology, disease, and evolution. The Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) serves as an important primate model for such studies, and therefore we reprogrammed skin fibroblasts derived from a male and a female individual, resulting in two induced pluripotent stem cell lines (iPSCs). These iPSCs display the characteristic ESC-like colony morphology, express key pluripotency markers, and possess the ability to differentiate into cells representing all three germ layers. Importantly, both generated cell lines can be maintained in feeder-free culture conditions using commercially available medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jocher
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fiona C Edenhofer
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Janssen
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eva Briem
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Johanna Geuder
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Rani P, Pahwa R, Verma V, Bhatia M. Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of ketoconazole-loaded pineapple cellulose green nanofiber gel. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130221. [PMID: 38365159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The present study involves the isolation of cellulose nanofibers from pineapple crown waste by a combined alkali-acid treatment method. The extracted pineapple nanofibers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The extracted pineapple nanofibers were then incorporated in Carbopol 934P containing ketoconazole to prepare a ketoconazole-loaded pineapple nanofibrous gel. The prepared gel formulation was evaluated for viscosity, spreadability, extrudibility, pH, drug content, and texture profile analysis. The anticipated gel formulation was further evaluated by in vitro drug release (98.57 ± 0.58 %), ex vivo drug permeation, cytotoxicity, and histopathological studies. The permeation of the drug through skin determined by the ex-vivo diffusion study was found to be 38.27 % with a flux rate of 4.06 ± 0.26 μg/cm2/h. Further, the cytotoxicity study of pineapple nanofiber and ketoconazole-loaded nanofiber gel displayed no cytotoxic on healthy vero cells in the concentration range from 10 to 80 μg/ml. The histopathological analysis exhibited no signs of distress and inflammation. In conclusion, ketoconazole-loaded pineapple nanofiber gel could be considered as a promising delivery system for topical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001, (Haryana), India
| | - Rimpy Pahwa
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida-201303, (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Vikas Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001, (Haryana), India
| | - Meenakshi Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001, (Haryana), India.
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Zhang HN, Xiao WQ, Lee DH, Li N, Feng YY, Su T, Gu HY, Yoon I, Jung H, Lee KH, Cho HJ, Han YH, Sun HN, Kwon T. Cisplatin Induces Kidney Cell Death via ROS-dependent MAPK Signaling Pathways by Targeting Peroxiredoxin I and II in African Green Monkey ( Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) Kidney Cells. In Vivo 2024; 38:630-639. [PMID: 38418129 PMCID: PMC10905483 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), CDDP] is a widely used and effective antitumor drug in clinical settings, notorious for its nephrotoxic side effects. This study investigated the mechanisms of CDDP-induced damage in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells, with a focus on the role of Peroxiredoxin I (Prx I) and Peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) of the peroxiredoxin (Prx) family, which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized the Vero cell line derived from African green monkey kidneys and exposed these cells to various concentrations of CDDP. Cell viability, apoptosis, ROS levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed. RESULTS CDDP significantly compromised Vero cell viability by elevating both cellular and mitochondrial ROS, which led to increased apoptosis. Pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) effectively reduced CDDP-induced ROS accumulation and subsequent cell apoptosis. Furthermore, CDDP reduced Prx I and Prx II levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibition of Prx I and II exacerbated cell death, implicating their role in CDDP-induced accumulation of cellular ROS. Additionally, CDDP enhanced the phosphorylation of MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK) without affecting AKT. The inhibition of these pathways significantly attenuated CDDP-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION The study highlights the involvement of Prx proteins in CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity and emphasizes the central role of ROS in cell death mediation. These insights offer promising avenues for developing clinical interventions to mitigate the nephrotoxic effects of CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Na Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Qiu Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Yuan Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Ting Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Han-Yu Gu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Ijoo Yoon
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jun Cho
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China;
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea;
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
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Bekdash R, Yoshida K, Nair MS, Qiu L, Ahdout J, Tsai HY, Uryu K, Soni RK, Huang Y, Ho DD, Yazawa M. Developing inhibitory peptides against SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002522. [PMID: 38483887 PMCID: PMC10939250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected approximately 800 million people since the start of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because of the high rate of mutagenesis in SARS-CoV-2, it is difficult to develop a sustainable approach for prevention and treatment. The Envelope (E) protein is highly conserved among human coronaviruses. Previous studies reported that SARS-CoV-1 E deficiency reduced viral propagation, suggesting that E inhibition might be an effective therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we report inhibitory peptides against SARS-CoV-2 E protein named iPep-SARS2-E. Leveraging E-induced alterations in proton homeostasis and NFAT/AP-1 pathway in mammalian cells, we developed screening platforms to design and optimize the peptides that bind and inhibit E protein. Using Vero-E6 cells, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived branching lung organoid and mouse models with SARS-CoV-2, we found that iPep-SARS2-E significantly inhibits virus egress and reduces viral cytotoxicity and propagation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the peptide can be customizable for E protein of other human coronaviruses such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The results indicate that E protein can be a potential therapeutic target for human coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey Bekdash
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kazushige Yoshida
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Manoj S. Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lauren Qiu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biological Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Johnathan Ahdout
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hsiang-Yi Tsai
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kunihiro Uryu
- EMSCOPIC, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rajesh K. Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Masayuki Yazawa
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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