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Salvador GHM, Fernandes CAH, Borges RJ, Soares AM, Fontes MRM. Structural studies with crotoxin B from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom suggest a heterodimeric assembly formed by two new isoforms. Biochimie 2024; 218:46-56. [PMID: 37659716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
In accidents involving Crotalus snakes, the crotoxin complex (CTX) plays lethal action due to its neurotoxic activity. On the other hand, CTX have potential biotechnological application due to its anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic and immunomodulatory properties. CTX is a heterodimer composed of Crotoxin A (CA or crotapotin), the acidic nontoxic and non-enzymatic component and; Crotoxin B (CB), a basic, toxic and catalytic PLA2. Currently, there are two classes of CTX isoforms, whose differences in their biological activities have been attributed to features presented in CB isoforms. Here, we present the crystal structure of CB isolated from the Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom. It amino acid sequence was assigned using the SEQUENCE SLIDER software, which revealed that the crystal structure is a heterodimer composed of two new CB isoforms (colCB-A and colCB-B). Bioinformatic and biophysical analyses showed that the toxin forms a tetrameric assembly in solution similar to CB from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, despite some differences observed at the dimeric interface. By the previously proposed classification, the colCB-B presents features of the class I isoforms while colCB-A cannot be classified into classes I and II based on its amino acid sequence. Due to similar features observed for other CB isoforms found in the NCBI database and the results obtained for colCB-A, we suggest that there are more than two classes of CTX and CB isoforms in crotalic venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme H M Salvador
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A H Fernandes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; UMR 7590, CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rafael J Borges
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Centro de Química Medicina (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade de Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos Aplicados, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Inst Nac. de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EPIAMO), Rede de Pesquisa e Conhecimento de Excelência na Amazônia Ocidental (RED-CONEXAO), Brazil
| | - Marcos R M Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avançados do Mar (IEAMar), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
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Serino-Silva C, Bittencourt Rodrigues CF, Miyamoto JG, Hatakeyama DM, Kavazoi VK, Da Rocha MMT, Tanaka AS, Tashima AK, de Morais-Zani K, Grego KF, Tanaka-Azevedo AM. Proteomics and life-history variability of Endogenous Phospholipases A2 Inhibitors (PLIs) in Bothrops jararaca plasma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295806. [PMID: 38319909 PMCID: PMC10846723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, the genus Bothrops is responsible for most ophidian accidents. Snake venoms have a wide variety of proteins and peptides exhibiting a broad repertoire of pharmacological and toxic effects that elicit systemic injury and characteristic local effects. The snakes' natural resistance to envenomation caused by the presence of inhibitory compounds on their plasma have been extensively studied. However, the presence of these inhibitors in different developmental stages is yet to be further discussed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ontogeny of Bothrops jararaca plasma inhibitor composition and, to this end, plasma samples of B. jararaca were obtained from different developmental stages (neonates, youngs, and adults) and sexes (female and male). SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, affinity chromatography, and mass spectrometry were performed to analyze the protein profile and interaction between B. jararaca plasma and venom proteins. In addition, the presence of γBjPLI, a PLA2 inhibitor previously identified and characterized in B. jararaca serum, was confirmed by Western blotting. According to our results, 9-17% of plasma proteins were capable of binding to venom proteins in the three developmental stages. The presence of different endogenous inhibitors and, more specifically, different PLA2 inhibitor (PLI) classes and antihemorrhagic factors were confirmed in specimens of B. jararaca from newborn by mass spectrometry. For the first time, the αPLI and βPLI were detected in B. jararaca plasma, although low or no ontogenetic and sexual correlation were found. The γPLI were more abundant in adult female, than in neonate and young female, but similar to neonate, young and adult male according to the results of mass spectrometry analysis. Our results suggest that there are proteins in the plasma of these animals that can help counteract the effects of self-envenomation from birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Serino-Silva
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia (PPIB—IPT, IBU and USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fabri Bittencourt Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia (PPIB—IPT, IBU and USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Miki Hatakeyama
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia (PPIB—IPT, IBU and USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Koiti Kavazoi
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia (PPIB—IPT, IBU and USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aparecida Sadae Tanaka
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Keiji Tashima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Freitas-de-Sousa LA, Colombini M, Souza VC, Silva JPC, Mota-da-Silva A, Almeida MRN, Machado RA, Fonseca WL, Sartim MA, Sachett J, Serrano SMT, Junqueira-de-Azevedo ILM, Grazziotin FG, Monteiro WM, Bernarde PS, Moura-da-Silva AM. Venom Composition of Neglected Bothropoid Snakes from the Amazon Rainforest: Ecological and Toxinological Implications. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:83. [PMID: 38393161 PMCID: PMC10891915 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms have evolved in several families of Caenophidae, and their toxins have been assumed to be biochemical weapons with a role as a trophic adaptation. However, it remains unclear how venom contributes to the success of venomous species for adaptation to different environments. Here we compared the venoms from Bothrocophias hyoprora, Bothrops taeniatus, Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus, Bothrops brazili, and Bothrops atrox collected in the Amazon Rainforest, aiming to understand the ecological and toxinological consequences of venom composition. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses indicated that the venoms presented the same toxin groups characteristic from bothropoids, but with distinct isoforms with variable qualitative and quantitative abundances, contributing to distinct enzymatic and toxic effects. Despite the particularities of each venom, commercial Bothrops antivenom recognized the venom components and neutralized the lethality of all species. No clear features could be observed between venoms from arboreal and terrestrial habitats, nor in the dispersion of the species throughout the Amazon habitats, supporting the notion that venom composition may not shape the ecological or toxinological characteristics of these snake species and that other factors influence their foraging or dispersal in different ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mônica Colombini
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (L.A.F.-d.-S.); (M.C.)
| | - Vinicius C. Souza
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (V.C.S.); (J.P.C.S.); (S.M.T.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - Joanderson P. C. Silva
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (V.C.S.); (J.P.C.S.); (S.M.T.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - Ageane Mota-da-Silva
- Instituto Federal do Acre, Campus de Cruzeiro do Sul, Cruzeiro do Sul 69980-000, AC, Brazil;
| | - Marllus R. N. Almeida
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul 69895-000, AC, Brazil; (M.R.N.A.); (R.A.M.); (W.L.F.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Reginaldo A. Machado
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul 69895-000, AC, Brazil; (M.R.N.A.); (R.A.M.); (W.L.F.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Wirven L. Fonseca
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul 69895-000, AC, Brazil; (M.R.N.A.); (R.A.M.); (W.L.F.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Marco A. Sartim
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (J.S.); (W.M.M.)
| | - Jacqueline Sachett
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (J.S.); (W.M.M.)
| | - Solange M. T. Serrano
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (V.C.S.); (J.P.C.S.); (S.M.T.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - Inácio L. M. Junqueira-de-Azevedo
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (V.C.S.); (J.P.C.S.); (S.M.T.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - Felipe G. Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Wuelton M. Monteiro
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus 69040-000, AM, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (J.S.); (W.M.M.)
| | - Paulo S. Bernarde
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul 69895-000, AC, Brazil; (M.R.N.A.); (R.A.M.); (W.L.F.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Ana M. Moura-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (L.A.F.-d.-S.); (M.C.)
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Miyamoto JG, Kitano ES, Zelanis A, Nachtigall PG, Junqueira-de-Azevedo I, Sant'Anna SS, Lauria da Silva R, Bersanetti PA, Carmona AK, Barbosa Pereira PJ, Serrano SMT, Vilela Oliva ML, Tashima AK. A novel metalloproteinase-derived cryptide from Bothrops cotiara venom inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Biochimie 2024; 216:90-98. [PMID: 37839625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Snake venoms are primarily composed of proteins and peptides, which selectively interact with specific molecular targets, disrupting prey homeostasis. Identifying toxins and the mechanisms involved in envenoming can lead to the discovery of new drugs based on natural peptide scaffolds. In this study, we used mass spectrometry-based peptidomics to sequence 197 peptides in the venom of Bothrops cotiara, including a novel 7-residue peptide derived from a snake venom metalloproteinase. This peptide, named Bc-7a, features a pyroglutamic acid at the N-terminal and a PFR motif at the C-terminal, homologous to bradykinin. Using FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) substrate assays, we demonstrated that Bc-7a strongly inhibits the two domains of angiotensin converting enzyme (Ki < 1 μM). Our findings contribute to the repertoire of biologically active peptides from snake venoms capable of inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), beyond current known structural motifs and precursors. In summary, we report a novel snake venom peptide with ACE inhibitory activity, suggesting its potential contribution to the hypotensive effect observed in envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Gabriel Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Shigueo Kitano
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Butantan Institute, SP, 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Zelanis
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (ICT-UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Pedro Gabriel Nachtigall
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Butantan Institute, SP, 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inácio Junqueira-de-Azevedo
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Butantan Institute, SP, 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Lauria da Silva
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro José Barbosa Pereira
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Butantan Institute, SP, 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Vilela Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Keiji Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zarzosa V, Lomonte B, Zamudio F, Ponce-López R, Olvera-Rodríguez F, Borja M, Alagón A, Neri-Castro E. Venom of the neotropical rattlesnake, Crotalus culminatus: Intraspecific variation, neutralization by antivenoms, and immunogenicity in rabbits. Biochimie 2024; 216:160-174. [PMID: 37890695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Crotalus culminatus is a medically significant species of rattlesnake in Mexico [1]. While the proteomic composition of its venom has been previously reported for both juvenile and adult specimens, there has been limited research into its functional properties, with only a few studies, including one focusing on coagulotoxicity mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to compare the biochemical and biological activities of the venom of juvenile and adult snakes. Additionally, we assessed antibody production using the venoms of juveniles and adults as immunogens in rabbits. Our findings reveal lethality and proteolytic activity differences between the venoms of juveniles and adults. Notably, juvenile venoms exhibited high proportions of crotamine, while adult venoms displayed a reduction of this component. A commercially available antivenom demonstrated effective neutralization of lethality of both juvenile and adult venoms in mice. However, it failed to neutralize the paralytic activity induced by crotamine, which, in contrast, was successfully inhibited by antibodies obtained from hyperimmunized rabbits. These results suggest the potential inclusion of C. culminatus venom from juveniles in commercial antivenom immunization schemes to generate antibodies targeting this small myotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zarzosa
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Fernando Zamudio
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Roberto Ponce-López
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Felipe Olvera-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - Miguel Borja
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Avenida Universidad s/n, Fracc, Filadelfia, C.P. 35010, Gómez Palacio, Dgo., Mexico
| | - Alejandro Alagón
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico.
| | - Edgar Neri-Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Avenida Universidad s/n, Fracc, Filadelfia, C.P. 35010, Gómez Palacio, Dgo., Mexico; Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico.
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Cavecci-Mendonça B, Luciano KM, Vaccas T, de Oliveira LA, Clemente EF, Rossini BC, Vieira JCS, de Barros LC, Biondi I, de Magalhães Padilha P, dos Santos LD. Preliminary Insights of Brazilian Snake Venom Metalloproteomics. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:648. [PMID: 37999511 PMCID: PMC10675094 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is one of the most significantly neglected tropical diseases in the world. The lack of diagnosis/prognosis methods for snakebite is one of our motivations to develop innovative technological solutions for Brazilian health. The objective of this work was to evaluate the protein and metallic ion composition of Crotalus durissus terrificus, Bothrops jararaca, B. alternatus, B. jararacussu, B. moojeni, B. pauloensis, and Lachesis muta muta snake venoms. Brazilian snake venoms were subjected to the shotgun proteomic approach using mass spectrometry, and metal ion analysis was performed by atomic spectrometry. Shotgun proteomics has shown three abundant toxin classes (PLA2, serine proteases, and metalloproteinases) in all snake venoms, and metallic ions analysis has evidenced that the Cu2+ ion is present exclusively in the L. m. muta venom; Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions have shown a statistical difference between the species of Bothrops and Crotalus genus, whereas the Zn2+ ion presented a statistical difference among all species studied in this work. In addition, Mg2+ ions have shown 42 times more in the C. d. terrificus venom when compared to the average concentration in the other genera. Though metal ions are a minor fraction of snake venoms, several venom toxins depend on them. We believe that these non-protein fractions are capable of assisting in the development of unprecedented diagnostic devices for Brazilian snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Cavecci-Mendonça
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18607-440, SP, Brazil; (B.C.-M.); (B.C.R.)
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (T.V.); (L.A.d.O.)
- Triad for Life Ltda, Prospecta–Botucatu Technological Incubator, Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen Monique Luciano
- Center of Studies of Venoms and Animals Venomous (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18619-002, SP, Brazil; (K.M.L.); (L.C.d.B.)
| | - Tauane Vaccas
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (T.V.); (L.A.d.O.)
| | - Laudicéia Alves de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (T.V.); (L.A.d.O.)
| | - Eloisa Fornaro Clemente
- Graduate Program in Research and Development (Medical Biotechnology), Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil;
| | - Bruno Cesar Rossini
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18607-440, SP, Brazil; (B.C.-M.); (B.C.R.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences (IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (J.C.S.V.); (P.d.M.P.)
| | - José Cavalcante Souza Vieira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences (IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (J.C.S.V.); (P.d.M.P.)
| | - Luciana Curtolo de Barros
- Center of Studies of Venoms and Animals Venomous (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18619-002, SP, Brazil; (K.M.L.); (L.C.d.B.)
| | - Ilka Biondi
- Laboratory of Venomous Animals and Herpetology, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44036-900, BA, Brazil;
| | - Pedro de Magalhães Padilha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences (IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (J.C.S.V.); (P.d.M.P.)
| | - Lucilene Delazari dos Santos
- Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18607-440, SP, Brazil; (B.C.-M.); (B.C.R.)
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (T.V.); (L.A.d.O.)
- Graduate Program in Research and Development (Medical Biotechnology), Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil;
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Oyadomari WY, Anthero GL, Silva MRDA, Porta LC, Oliveira V, Reid PF, Sant'Anna OA, Alves WA, Nani JV, Hayashi MAF. Evaluation of tumor growth remission in a murine model for subcutaneous solid tumors - Benefits of associating the antitumor agent crotamine with mesoporous nanosilica particles to achieve improved dosing frequency and efficacy. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123420. [PMID: 37778514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Crotamine is a highly cationic polypeptide first isolated from South American rattlesnake venom, which exhibits affinity for acidic lysosomal vesicles and proliferating cells. This cationic nature is pivotal for its in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anticancer actions. This study aimed to enhance the antitumor efficacy of crotamine by associating it with the mesoporous SBA-15 silica, known for its controlled release of various chemical agents, including large proteins. This association aimed to mitigate the toxic effects while amplifying the pharmacological potency of several compounds. Comprehensive characterization, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis, confirmed the successful association of crotamine with the non-toxic SBA-15 nanoparticles. The TEM imaging revealed nanoparticles with a nearly spherical shape and variations in uniformity upon crotamine association. Furthermore, DLS showed a narrow unimodal size distribution, emphasizing the formation of small aggregates. Zeta potential measurements indicated a distinct shift from negative to positive values upon crotamine association, underscoring its effective adsorption onto SBA-15. Intraperitoneal or oral administration of crotamine:SBA-15 in a murine melanoma model suggested the potential to reduce the frequency of crotamine doses without compromising efficacy. Interestingly, while the oral route enhanced the antitumor efficacy of crotamine, pH-dependent release from SBA-15 was observed. Thus, associating crotamine with SBA-15 could reduce the overall required dose to inhibit solid tumor growth, bolstering the prospect of crotamine as a potent anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Yoshio Oyadomari
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Lessa Anthero
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
| | - Marcos R de A Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil.
| | - Lucas C Porta
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
| | - Vitor Oliveira
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
| | | | | | - Wendel A Alves
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil.
| | - João V Nani
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
| | - Mirian Akemi Furuie Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
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8
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Asega AF, Barros BCSC, Chaves AFA, Oliveira AK, Bertholim L, Kitano ES, Serrano SMT. Mouse skin peptidomic analysis of the hemorrhage induced by a snake venom metalloprotease. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1103-1119. [PMID: 37389729 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhage induced by snake venom metalloproteases (SVMPs) results from proteolysis, capillary disruption, and blood extravasation. HF3, a potent SVMP of Bothrops jararaca, induces hemorrhage at pmol doses in the mouse skin. To gain insight into the hemorrhagic process, the main goal of this study was to analyze changes in the skin peptidome generated by injection of HF3, using approaches of mass spectrometry-based untargeted peptidomics. The results revealed that the sets of peptides found in the control and HF3-treated skin samples were distinct and derived from the cleavage of different proteins. Peptide bond cleavage site identification in the HF3-treated skin showed compatibility with trypsin-like serine proteases and cathepsins, suggesting the activation of host proteinases. Acetylated peptides, which originated from the cleavage at positions in the N-terminal region of proteins in both samples, were identified for the first time in the mouse skin peptidome. The number of peptides acetylated at the residue after the first Met residue, mostly Ser and Ala, was higher than that of peptides acetylated at the initial Met. Proteins cleaved in the hemorrhagic skin participate in cholesterol metabolism, PPAR signaling, and in the complement and coagulation cascades, indicating the impairment of these biological processes. The peptidomic analysis also indicated the emergence of peptides with potential biological activities, including pheromone, cell penetrating, quorum sensing, defense, and cell-cell communication in the mouse skin. Interestingly, peptides generated in the hemorrhagic skin promoted the inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation and could act synergistically in the local tissue damage induced by HF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Asega
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Bianca C S C Barros
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Alison F A Chaves
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Ana K Oliveira
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Bertholim
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Kitano
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, 05503-000, Brazil
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, 05503-000, Brazil.
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9
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Pierre-Louis O, Resiere D, Alphonsine C, Dantin F, Banydeen R, Dubois MD, Mehdaoui H, Neviere R. Increased Binding of von Willebrand Factor to Sub-Endothelial Collagen May Facilitate Thrombotic Events Complicating Bothrops lanceolatus Envenomation in Humans. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:441. [PMID: 37505710 PMCID: PMC10467054 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption coagulopathy and hemorrhagic syndrome exacerbated by blood anticoagulability remain the most important causes of lethality associated with Bothrops snake envenomation. Bothrops venom also engages platelet aggregation on the injured endothelium via von Willebrand factor (vWF) interactions. Besides platelet aggregation, some Bothrops venom toxins may induce qualitative thrombopathy, which has been in part related to the inhibition of vWF activation. We tested whether B. lanceolatus venom impaired vWF to collagen(s) binding (vWF:CB) activity. Experiments were performed with B. lanceolatus crude venom, in the presence or absence of Bothrofav, a monospecific B. lanceolatus antivenom. Venom of B. lanceolatus fully inhibited vWF to collagen type I and III binding, suggesting venom interactions with the vWF A3 domain. In contrast, B. lanceolatus venom increased vWF to collagen type VI binding, suggesting the enhancement of vWF binding to collagen at the vWF A1 domain. Hence, B. lanceolatus venom exhibited contrasting in vitro effects in terms of the adhesive properties of vWF to collagen. On the other hand, the antivenom Bothrofav reversed the inhibitory effects of B. lanceolatus venom on vWF collagen binding activity. In light of the respective distribution of collagen type III and collagen type VI in perivascular connective tissue and the sub-endothelium, a putative association between an increase in vWF:CB activity for collagen type VI and the onset of thrombotic events in human B. lanceolatus envenomation might be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pierre-Louis
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97233 Fort de France, France; (O.P.-L.); (D.R.); (C.A.); (F.D.); (R.B.); (M.-D.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Dabor Resiere
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97233 Fort de France, France; (O.P.-L.); (D.R.); (C.A.); (F.D.); (R.B.); (M.-D.D.); (H.M.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Toxicology, University Hospital of Martinique (CHU Martinique), 97200 Fort-de-France, France
| | - Celia Alphonsine
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97233 Fort de France, France; (O.P.-L.); (D.R.); (C.A.); (F.D.); (R.B.); (M.-D.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Fabienne Dantin
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97233 Fort de France, France; (O.P.-L.); (D.R.); (C.A.); (F.D.); (R.B.); (M.-D.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Rishika Banydeen
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97233 Fort de France, France; (O.P.-L.); (D.R.); (C.A.); (F.D.); (R.B.); (M.-D.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Marie-Daniela Dubois
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97233 Fort de France, France; (O.P.-L.); (D.R.); (C.A.); (F.D.); (R.B.); (M.-D.D.); (H.M.)
| | - Hossein Mehdaoui
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97233 Fort de France, France; (O.P.-L.); (D.R.); (C.A.); (F.D.); (R.B.); (M.-D.D.); (H.M.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Toxicology, University Hospital of Martinique (CHU Martinique), 97200 Fort-de-France, France
| | - Remi Neviere
- Cardiovascular Research Team EA7525, University of the French West Indies (Université des Antilles), 97233 Fort de France, France; (O.P.-L.); (D.R.); (C.A.); (F.D.); (R.B.); (M.-D.D.); (H.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Martinique (CHU Martinique), 97200 Fort-de-France, France
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10
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Tse TC, Tsai IH, Chan YY, Tsai TS. Venom Proteomics of Trimeresurus gracilis, a Taiwan-Endemic Pitviper, and Comparison of Its Venom Proteome and VEGF and CRISP Sequences with Those of the Most Related Species. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:408. [PMID: 37505677 PMCID: PMC10467061 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimeresurus gracilis is an endemic alpine pitviper in Taiwan with controversial phylogeny, and its venom proteome remains unknown. In this study, we conducted a proteomic analysis of T. gracilis venom using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and identified 155 toxin proteoforms that belong to 13 viperid venom toxin families. By searching the sequences of trypsin-digested peptides of the separated HPLC fractions against the NCBI database, T. gracilis venom was found to contain 40.3% metalloproteases (SVMPs), 15.3% serine proteases, 6.6% phospholipases A2, 5.0% L-amino acid oxidase, 4.6% Cys-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), 3.2% disintegrins, 2.9% vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), 1.9% C-type lectin-like proteins, and 20.2% of minor toxins, nontoxins, and unidentified peptides or compounds. Sixteen of these proteoforms matched the toxins whose full amino-acid sequences have been deduced from T. gracilis venom gland cDNA sequences. The hemorrhagic venom of T. gracilis appears to be especially rich in PI-class SVMPs and lacks basic phospholipase A2. We also cloned and sequenced the cDNAs encoding two CRISP and three VEGF variants from T. gracilis venom glands. Sequence alignments and comparison revealed that the PI-SVMP, kallikrein-like proteases, CRISPs, and VEGF-F of T. gracilis and Ovophis okinavensis are structurally most similar, consistent with their close phylogenetic relationship. However, the expression levels of some of their toxins were rather different, possibly due to their distinct ecological and prey conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Chun Tse
- Institute of Wildlife Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Inn-Ho Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Yuen-Ying Chan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Tein-Shun Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
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11
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Lomonte B. Lys49 myotoxins, secreted phospholipase A 2-like proteins of viperid venoms: A comprehensive review. Toxicon 2023; 224:107024. [PMID: 36632869 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Muscle necrosis is a potential clinical complication of snakebite envenomings, which in severe cases can lead to functional or physical sequelae such as disability or amputation. Snake venom proteins with the ability to directly damage skeletal muscle fibers are collectively referred to as myotoxins, and include three main types: cytolysins of the "three-finger toxin" protein family expressed in many elapid venoms, the so-called "small" myotoxins found in a number of rattlesnake venoms, and the widespread secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) molecules. Among the latter, protein variants that conserve the sPLA2 structure, but lack such enzymatic activity, have been increasingly found in the venoms of many viperid species. Intriguingly, these sPLA2-like proteins are able to induce muscle necrosis by a mechanism independent of phospholipid hydrolysis. They are commonly referred to as "Lys49 myotoxins" since they most often present, among other substitutions, the replacement of the otherwise invariant residue Asp49 of sPLA2s by Lys. This work comprehensively reviews the historical developments and current knowledge towards deciphering the mechanism of action of Lys49 sPLA2-like myotoxins, and points out main gaps to be filled for a better understanding of these multifaceted snake venom proteins, to hopefully lead to improved treatments for snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501, Costa Rica.
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12
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Grabowsky ER, Saviola AJ, Alvarado-Díaz J, Mascareñas AQ, Hansen KC, Yates JR, Mackessy SP. Montane Rattlesnakes in México: Venoms of Crotalus tancitarensis and Related Species within the Crotalus intermedius Group. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:72. [PMID: 36668891 PMCID: PMC9867100 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Crotalus intermedius group is a clade of rattlesnakes consisting of several species adapted to a high elevation habitat, primarily in México. Crotalus tancitarensis was previously classified as C. intermedius, until individuals occurring on Cerro Tancítaro in Michoacán, México, were reevaluated and classified as a new species (C. tancitarensis) based on scale pattern and geographic location. This study aimed to characterize the venom of C. tancitarensis and compare the venom profile to those of other species within the Crotalus intermedius group using gel electrophoresis, biochemical assays, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and lethal toxicity (LD50) assays. Results show that the venom profiles of species within the Crotalus intermedius group are similar, but with distinct differences in phospholipase A2 (PLA2), metalloproteinase PI (SVMP PI), and kallikrein-like serine proteinase (SVSP) activity and relative abundance. Proteomic analysis indicated that the highland forms produce venoms with 50-60 protein isoforms and a composition typical of type I rattlesnake venoms (abundant SVMPs, lack of presynaptic PLA2-based neurotoxins), as well as a diversity of typical Crotalus venom components such as serine proteinases, PLA2s, C-type lectins, and less abundant toxins (LAAOs, CRiSPs, etc.). The overall venom profile of C. tancitarensis appears most similar to C. transversus, which is consistent with a previous mitochondrial DNA analysis of the Crotalus intermedius group. These rattlesnakes of the Mexican highlands represent a radiation of high elevation specialists, and in spite of divergence of species in these Sky Island habitats, venom composition of species analyzed here has remained relatively conserved. The majority of protein family isoforms are conserved in all members of the clade, and as seen in other more broadly distributed rattlesnake species, differences in their venoms are largely due to relative concentrations of specific components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Grabowsky
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Anthony J. Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Javier Alvarado-Díaz
- INIRENA (Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales), Morelia CP 58330, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen P. Mackessy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
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13
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Macedo JM, de Lima AM, Kayano AM, Souza MF, da Silva Oliveira I, Gomez Garay AF, Rocha AM, Zuliani JP, Soares AM. Literature Review on Crotalus durissus terrificus Toxins: From a Perspective of Structural Biology and Therapeutic Applications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2023; 24:536-550. [PMID: 37287292 DOI: 10.2174/1389203724666230607105355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus, as well as its fractions, has intrigued research groups worldwide who are working to isolate, characterize, and find possible biotechnological applications. A number of studies have elucidated that these fractions and their derivatives possess pharmacological properties, which can enable the development of new drug prototypes with anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitumor, antiviral, and antiparasitic applications. OBJECTIVE This review presents a systematic study on Crotalus durissus terrificus, the most notable crotalid subspecies in South America, focusing on the composition, toxicological mechanisms, structural aspects, and applications of the main venom toxins (convulxin, gyroxin, crotamine, crotoxin, and their subunits). CONCLUSION The authors have found that research on this snake and its toxins is still an area of focus, despite that almost a century has passed since the isolation of crotoxin. Several applications of these proteins in the development of novel drugs and bioactive substances have also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamile Mariano Macedo
- Federal Institute of Rondônia, IFRO, Porto Velho Calama Campus, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protein and Bioactive Compound Biotechnology, LABIOPROT, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rondônia Office, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network, PPGBIONORTE, Brazil
| | - Anderson Maciel de Lima
- Laboratory of Protein and Bioactive Compound Biotechnology, LABIOPROT, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rondônia Office, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Anderson Makoto Kayano
- Laboratory of Protein and Bioactive Compound Biotechnology, LABIOPROT, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rondônia Office, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, CEPEM, of the State of Rondônia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Mateus Farias Souza
- Laboratory of Protein and Bioactive Compound Biotechnology, LABIOPROT, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rondônia Office, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology, PPG-BIOEXP, Federal University of Rondônia, UNIR, Porto Velho- RO, Brazil
| | - Iolanda da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Protein and Bioactive Compound Biotechnology, LABIOPROT, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rondônia Office, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Maciel Rocha
- Department of Teaching and Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus-AM, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pavan Zuliani
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology Applied to Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rondônia Office, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
- Medicine Department, Federal University of Rondonia, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
| | - Andreimar Martins Soares
- Laboratory of Protein and Bioactive Compound Biotechnology, LABIOPROT, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rondônia Office, Porto Velho-RO, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, INCT-EPIAMO, Brazil
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14
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Dematei A, Costa SR, Moreira DC, Barbosa EA, Friaça Albuquerque LF, Vasconcelos AG, Nascimento T, Silva PC, Silva-Carvalho AÉ, Saldanha-Araújo F, Silva Mancini MC, Saboia Ponte LG, Neves Bezerra RM, Simabuco FM, Batagin-Neto A, Brand G, Borges TKS, Eaton P, Leite JRSA. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of the First Tryptophyllin Found in Snake Venom ( Bothrops moojeni). J Nat Prod 2022; 85:2695-2705. [PMID: 36508333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the isolation, characterization, and synthesis of the peptide BmT-2 belonging to the tryptophyllins family, isolated from the venom of the snake Bothrops moojeni. This is the first time a tryptophyllin is identified in snake venom. We tested whether BmT-2 had cytotoxic effects and antioxidant activity in a set of experiments that included both in vitro and cell-based assays. BmT-2 presented a radical scavenging activity toward ABTS• and AAPH-derived radicals. BmT-2 protected fluorescein, DNA molecules, and human red blood cells (RBCs) from free radicals generated by the thermal decomposition of AAPH. The novel tryptophyllin was not toxic in cell viability tests, where it (up to 0.4 mg/mL) did not cause hemolysis of human RBCs and did not cause significant loss of cell viability, showing a CC50 > 1.5 mM for cytotoxic effects against SK-N-BE(2) neuroblastoma cells. BmT-2 prevented the arsenite-induced upregulation of Nrf2 in Neuro-2a neuroblasts and the phorbol myristate acetate-induced overgeneration of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in SK-N-BE(2) neuroblastoma cells. Electronic structure calculations and full atomistic reactive molecular dynamics simulations revealed the relevant contribution of aromatic residues in BmT-2 to its antioxidant properties. Our study presents a novel peptide classified into the family of the tryptophyllins, which has been reported exclusively in amphibians. Despite the promising results on its antioxidant activity and low cytotoxicity, the mechanisms of action of BmT-2 still need to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Dematei
- Center for Tropical Medicine (NMT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Samuel Ribeiro Costa
- Laboratory for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biomolecules (LSAB), Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Eder Alves Barbosa
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
- Laboratory for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biomolecules (LSAB), Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas F Friaça Albuquerque
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Andreanne G Vasconcelos
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Tiago Nascimento
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology (Biotec), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Pedro Costa Silva
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology (Biotec), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil
| | - Amandda É Silva-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Hematology and Stem Cells (LHCT), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araújo
- Laboratory of Hematology and Stem Cells (LHCT), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Saboia Ponte
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Maria Neves Bezerra
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Augusto Batagin-Neto
- Institute of Science and Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Itapeva, São Paulo 01049-010, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Brand
- Laboratory for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biomolecules (LSAB), Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Karla S Borges
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Peter Eaton
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal
- The Bridge, Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, U.K
| | - José Roberto S A Leite
- Center for Tropical Medicine (NMT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
- Research Center in Morphology and Applied Immunology (NuPMIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
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15
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Rangel DL, Melani RD, Carvalho EL, Boldo JT, Gomes Dos Santos T, Kelleher NL, Pinto PM. Venom characterization of the Brazilian Pampa snake Bothrops pubescens by top-down and bottom-up proteomics. Toxicon 2022; 220:106937. [PMID: 36228757 PMCID: PMC9901210 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The envenomation from the Bothrops genus is characterized by systemic and local effects caused by the main toxin families in the venom. In Bothrops pubescens venom we were able to identify 89 protein groups belonging to 13 toxin families with the bottom-up proteomics approach and 40 unique proteoforms belonging to 6 toxin families with the top-down proteomics approach. We also identified multi-proteoform complexes of dimeric L-amino acid oxidase using native top-down mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene Lopes Rangel
- Applied Proteomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil; Pos Graduation in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Rafael D Melani
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry, and the Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States
| | - Evelise Leis Carvalho
- Applied Proteomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil; Pos Graduation in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Gomes Dos Santos
- Pampa Biodiversity Studies Laboratory (LEBIP), Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry, and the Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States
| | - Paulo Marcos Pinto
- Applied Proteomics Laboratory, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil; Pos Graduation in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil.
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16
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Gonçalves-Machado L, Verçoza BRF, Nogueira FCS, Melani RD, Domont GB, Rodrigues SP, Rodrigues JCF, Zingali RB. Extracellular Vesicles from Bothrops jararaca Venom Are Diverse in Structure and Protein Composition and Interact with Mammalian Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110806. [PMID: 36422980 PMCID: PMC9698812 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms are complex cocktails of non-toxic and toxic molecules that work synergistically for the envenoming outcome. Alongside the immediate consequences, chronic manifestations and long-term sequelae can occur. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were found in snake venom. EVs mediate cellular communication through long distances, delivering proteins and nucleic acids that modulate the recipient cell's function. However, the biological roles of snake venom EVs, including possible cross-organism communication, are still unknown. This knowledge may expand the understanding of envenoming mechanisms. In the present study, we isolated and characterized the EVs from Bothrops jararaca venom (Bj-EVs), giving insights into their biological roles. Fresh venom was submitted to differential centrifugation, resulting in two EV populations with typical morphology and size range. Several conserved EV markers and a subset of venom related EV markers, represented mainly by processing enzymes, were identified by proteomic analysis. The most abundant protein family observed in Bj-EVs was 5'-nucleotidase, known to be immunosuppressive and a low abundant and ubiquitous toxin in snake venoms. Additionally, we demonstrated that mammalian cells efficiently internalize Bj-EVs. The commercial antibothropic antivenom partially recognizes Bj-EVs and inhibits cellular EV uptake. Based on the proteomic results and the in vitro interaction assays using macrophages and muscle cells, we propose that Bj-EVs may be involved not only in venom production and processing but also in host immune modulation and long-term effects of envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Gonçalves-Machado
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto Vital Brazil, Gerência de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Niterói 24230-410, Brazil
| | - Brunno Renato Farias Verçoza
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Laboratório de Proteômica (LabProt)—LADETEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Rafael Donadélli Melani
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Barbosa Domont
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Silas Pessini Rodrigues
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Juliany Cola Fernandes Rodrigues
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Russolina Benedeta Zingali
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-2139386782
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17
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Succar BB, Saldanha-Gama RFG, Valle AS, Wermelinger LS, Barja-Fidalgo C, Kurtenbach E, Zingali RB. The recombinant disintegrin, jarastatin, inhibits platelet adhesion and endothelial cell migration. Toxicon 2022; 217:87-95. [PMID: 35981667 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane heterodimeric glycoproteins, present in most cell types that act as mechanoreceptors, connecting extracellular matrix proteins to the cytoskeleton of the cell, mediating several physiological and pathological processes. The disintegrins are peptides capable of modulating the activity of integrins, such as αIIbβ3, responsible for the platelet aggregation and αvβ3, related to angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to produce the recombinant disintegrin jarastatin (rJast), to evaluate its secondary structure and biological activity. rJast was expressed in the yeast Komagataella phaffii (earlier Pichia pastoris) purified using molecular exclusion chromatography and the internal sequence and molecular mass were confirmed by mass spectrometry. The yield was approximately 40 mg/L of culture. rJast inhibited platelet aggregation induced by 2-4 μM ADP, 10 nM thrombin, and 1 μg/mL collagen (IC50 of 244.8 nM, 166.3 nM and 223.5 nM, respectively). It also blocked the adhesion of platelets to collagen under continuous flow in approximately 60% when used 1 μM. We also evaluated the effect of rJast on HMEC-1 cells. rJast significantly inhibited the adhesion of these cells to vitronectin, as well as cell migration (IC50 1.77 μM) without changing the viability. Conclusions: rJast was successfully expressed with activity in human platelets aggregation identical to the native molecule. Also, rJast inhibits adhesion and migration of endothelial cells. Thus, being relevant for the development of anti-thrombotic and anti-angiogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Barbosa Succar
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, And Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro -UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberta F G Saldanha-Gama
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Sol Valle
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioquímica de Proteínas, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Serrão Wermelinger
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Celular e Molecular, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Kurtenbach
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioquímica de Proteínas, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Russolina Benedeta Zingali
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, And Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb) - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro -UFRJ, RJ, Brazil.
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18
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Jones L, Youngman NJ, Neri-Castro E, Guadarrama-Martínez A, Lewin MR, Carter R, Frank N, Fry BG. Differential Antivenom and Small-Molecule Inhibition of Novel Coagulotoxic Variations in Atropoides, Cerrophidion, Metlapilcoatlus, and Porthidium American Viperid Snake Venoms. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080511. [PMID: 35893753 PMCID: PMC9332056 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Within Neotropical pit-vipers, the Mexican/Central-American clade consisting of Atropoides, Cerrophidion, Metlapilcoatlus, and Porthidium is a wide-ranging, morphologically and ecologically diverse group of snakes. Despite their prevalence, little is known of the functional aspects of their venoms. This study aimed to fill the knowledge gap regarding coagulotoxic effects and to examine the potential of different therapeutic approaches. As a general trait, the venoms were shown to be anticoagulant but were underpinned by diverse biochemical actions. Pseudo-procoagulant activity (i.e., thrombin-like), characterized by the direct cleavage of fibrinogen to form weak fibrin clots, was evident for Atropoides picadoi, Cerrophidiontzotzilorum, Metlapilcoatlus mexicanus, M. nummifer, M. occiduus, M. olmec, and Porthidium porrasi. In contrast, other venoms cleaved fibrinogen in a destructive (non-clotting) manner, with C. godmani and C. wilsoni being the most potent. In addition to actions on fibrinogen, clotting enzymes were also inhibited. FXa was only weakly inhibited by most species, but Cerrophidion godmani and C. wilsoni were extremely strong in their inhibitory action. Other clotting enzymes were more widely inhibited by diverse species spanning the full taxonomical range, but in each case, there were species that had these traits notably amplified relatively to the others. C. godmani and C. wilsoni were the most potent amongst those that inhibited the formation of the prothrombinase complex and were also amongst the most potent inhibitors of Factor XIa. While most species displayed only low levels of thrombin inhibition, Porthidium dunni potently inhibited this clotting factor. The regional polyvalent antivenom produced by Instituto Picado Clodomiro was tested and was shown to be effective against the diverse anticoagulant pathophysiological effects. In contrast to the anticoagulant activities of the other species, Porthidium volcanicum was uniquely procoagulant through the activation of Factor VII and Factor XII. This viperid species is the first snake outside of the Oxyuranus/Pseudonaja elapid snake clade to be shown to activate FVII and the first snake venom of any kind to activate FXII. Interestingly, while small-molecule metalloprotease inhibitors prinomastat and marimastat demonstrated the ability to prevent the procoagulant toxicity of P. volcanicum, neither ICP antivenom nor inhibitor DMPS showed this effect. The extreme variation among the snakes here studied underscores how venom is a dynamic trait and how this can shape clinical outcomes and influence evolving treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Jones
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (B.G.F.)
| | - Nicholas J. Youngman
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Edgar Neri-Castro
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (E.N.-C.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Alid Guadarrama-Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (E.N.-C.); (A.G.-M.)
| | | | - Rebecca Carter
- Ophirex Inc., Corte Madera, CA 94925, USA; (M.R.L.); (R.C.)
| | | | - Bryan G. Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (B.G.F.)
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19
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Brás-Costa C, Chaves AFA, Cajado-Carvalho D, da Silva Pires D, Andrade-Silva D, Serrano SMT. Profilings of subproteomes of lectin-binding proteins of nine Bothrops venoms reveal variability driven by different glycan types. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2022; 1870:140795. [PMID: 35662639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom proteomes have long been investigated to explore a multitude of biologically active components that are used for prey capture and defense, and are involved in the pathological effects observed upon mammalian envenomation. Glycosylation is a major protein post-translational modification in venoms and contributes to the diversification of proteomes. We have shown that Bothrops venoms are markedly defined by their content of glycoproteins, and that most N-glycan structures of eight Bothrops venoms contain sialic acid, while bisected N-acetylglucosamine was identified in Bothrops cotiara venom. To further investigate the mechanisms involved in the generation of different venoms by related snakes, here the glycoproteomes of nine Bothrops venoms (Bothrops atrox, B. cotiara, Bothrops erythromelas, Bothrops fonsecai, B. insularis, Bothrops jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops moojeni and Bothrops neuwiedi) were comparatively analyzed by enrichment with three lectins of different specificities, recognizing bisecting N-acetylglucosamine- and sialic acid-containing glycoproteins, and mass spectrometry. The lectin capture strategy generated venom fractions enriched with several glycoproteins, including metalloprotease, serine protease, and L- amino acid oxidase, in addition to various types of low abundant enzymes. The different contents of lectin-enriched proteins underscore novel aspects of the variability of the glycoprotein subproteomes of Bothrops venoms and point to the role of distinct types of glycan chains in generating different venoms by closely related snake species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Brás-Costa
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alison Felipe Alencar Chaves
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cajado-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David da Silva Pires
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Andrade-Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
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20
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Vasconcelos AA, Succar BB, di Piero LB, Kurtenbach E, Zingali RB, Almeida FCL. 15N, 13C, and 1H resonance assignments of Jarastatin: a disintegrin of Bothrops jararaca. Biomol NMR Assign 2022; 16:37-40. [PMID: 34826102 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-021-10056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Disintegrins are a group of cysteine-rich proteins found in a wide variety of snake venoms. These proteins selectively bind to integrins, which play a fundamental role in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes. Here, we report the NMR chemical shift assignments for 1H, 15N, and 13C nuclei in the backbone and side chains of recombinant disintegrin Jarastatin (rJast), which was further validated by secondary structure prediction using the TALOS-N server. Taken together, these data are essential to perform NMR-based experiments, including structure determination, backbone dynamics, mapping ligand sites and enabling a deeper understanding of the effect of hydrophobic surface clusters, which are important elements to stabilize some 3D proteins structure/folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Azevedo Vasconcelos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry (IBqM) Leopoldo de Meis, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CNRMN), Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Barbara Barbosa Succar
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Bartkevihi di Piero
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry (IBqM) Leopoldo de Meis, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CNRMN), Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Kurtenbach
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Bioquímica de Proteínas (LBMBP), Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Russolina Benedeta Zingali
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fabio C L Almeida
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry (IBqM) Leopoldo de Meis, National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Jiri Jonas, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Center of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CNRMN), Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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21
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Jimenez-Canale J, Fernandez-Quiroz D, Teran-Saavedra NG, Diaz-Galvez KR, Gallegos-Tabanico A, Burgara-Estrella AJ, Sarabia-Sainz HM, Guzman-Partida AM, Robles-Burgueño MDR, Vazquez-Moreno L, Sarabia-Sainz JA. Cytotoxic activity of Crotalus molossus molossus snake venom-loaded in chitosan nanoparticles against T-47D breast carcinoma cells. Acta Biochim Pol 2022; 69:233-243. [PMID: 35148045 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has led to the development of new biocompatible and biodegradable materials able to improve the pharmaceutical effect of bioactive components, broadening the options of treatment for several diseases, including cancer. Additionally, some snake venom toxins have been reported to present cytotoxic activity in different tumor cell lines, making them an auspicious option to be used as cancer drugs. The present study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the northern black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus molossus) venom-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Cs-Venom NPs) against the T-47D breast carcinoma cell line. To do so, we first identified the significant proteins composing the venom; afterward, hemocompatibility and cytotoxic activity against tumoral cells were evaluated. The venom was then loaded into chitosan nanoparticles through the ionotropic gelation process, obtaining particles of 415.9±21.67 nm and ζ-potential of +28.3±1.17 mV. The Cs-Venom complex delivered the venom into the breast carcinoma cells, inhibiting their viability and inducing morphological changes in the T-47D cells. These features indicate that these nanoparticles are suitable for the potential use of C. m. molossus venom toxins entrapped within polymer nanoparticles for the future development and research of cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Jimenez-Canale
- Departamento de Investigaciones en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México
| | - Nayelli G Teran-Saavedra
- Departamento de Investigaciones en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México
| | - Kevin R Diaz-Galvez
- Departamento de Investigaciones en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México
| | - Amed Gallegos-Tabanico
- Departamento de Investigaciones en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México
| | | | - Hector M Sarabia-Sainz
- Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte y Actividad Física, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México
| | - Ana M Guzman-Partida
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Proteínas y Glicanos, Centro de Investigaciones en Alimentos y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, México
| | - Maria Del Refugio Robles-Burgueño
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Proteínas y Glicanos, Centro de Investigaciones en Alimentos y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, México
| | - Luz Vazquez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Proteínas y Glicanos, Centro de Investigaciones en Alimentos y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, México
| | - Jose A Sarabia-Sainz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Metalurgia, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, México.
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22
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Pompeia C, Frare EO, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, da Silva ÁP, de Oliveira EB, Pereira A, Kerkis I, Kolonin MG. Synthetic polypeptide crotamine: characterization as a myotoxin and as a target of combinatorial peptides. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:65-76. [PMID: 34643765 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Crotamine is a rattlesnake-derived toxin that causes fast-twitch muscle paralysis. As a cell-penetrating polypeptide, crotamine has been investigated as an experimental anti-cancer and immunotherapeutic agent. We hypothesized that molecules targeting crotamine could be designed to study its function and intervene in its adverse activities. Here, we characterize synthetic crotamine and show that, like the venom-purified toxin, it induces hindlimb muscle paralysis by affecting muscle contraction and inhibits KCNA3 (Kv1.3) channels. Synthetic crotamine, labeled with a fluorophore, displayed cell penetration, subcellular myofiber distribution, ability to induce myonecrosis, and bind to DNA and heparin. Here, we used this functionally validated synthetic polypeptide to screen a combinatorial phage display library for crotamine-binding cyclic peptides. Selection for tryptophan-rich peptides was observed, binding of which to crotamine was confirmed by ELISA and gel shift assays. One of the peptides (CVWSFWGMYC), synthesized chemically, was shown to bind both synthetic and natural crotamine and to block crotamine-DNA binding. In summary, our study establishes a functional synthetic substitute to the venom-derived toxin and identifies peptides that could further be developed as probes to target crotamine. KEY MESSAGES: Synthetic crotamine was characterized as a functional substitute for venom-derived crotamine based on myotoxic effects. A combinatorial peptide library was screened for crotamine-binding peptides. Tryptophan-rich peptides were shown to bind to crotamine and interfere with its DNA binding. Crotamine myofiber distribution and affinity for tryptophan-rich peptides provide insights on its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Pompeia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Currently an Independent Researcher, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Irina Kerkis
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Ferreira BA, De Moura FBR, Tomiosso TC, Corrêa NCR, Goulart LR, Barcelos LS, Clissa PB, Araújo FDA. Jararhagin-C, a disintegrin-like protein, improves wound healing in mice through stimulation of M2-like macrophage, angiogenesis and collagen deposition. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108224. [PMID: 34655846 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Jararhagin-C (Jar-C) is a disintegrin-like protein, isolated from the venom of B. jararaca, with affinity for α2β1 integrin and the ability to incite processes such as angiogenesis and collagen deposition in vivo. Thus, we raised the hypothesis that this protein could be used as a therapeutic strategy for stimulating the healing of excisional wounds in mice. Four wounds were made on the back of Swiss mice, treated with daily intradermal injections of PBS (control group) or Jar-C (200 ng). Ten animals from each experimental group were euthanized and the tissue from the wounds and skin around them were collected for further biochemical, histological and molecular analysis. Wounds treated with Jar-C showed a faster closure rate, accompanied by a reduction in neutrophil infiltrate (MPO), pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF, CXCL1 and CCL2) and an accumulation of macrophages in the analyzed tissues. It was also observed a greater expression of genes associated with the phenotype of alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Concomitantly, the administration of Jar-C holds an angiogenic potential, increasing the density of blood vessels and the synthesis of pro-angiogenic cytokines (VEGF and FGF). We also observed an increase in collagen deposition, accompanied by higher levels of the pro-fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1. Our data suggests Jar-C stimulates wound healing through stimulation of M2-like macrophage, angiogenesis and collagen deposition. Jar-C may be explored as a therapeutic strategy for wound healing, including the treatment of chronic wounds, where processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis and the deposition / remodeling of the matrix constituents are unregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Antonio Ferreira
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Francyelle Borges Rosa De Moura
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Carla Tomiosso
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Lucíola Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda de Assis Araújo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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24
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Kato EE, Sampaio SC. Crotoxin Modulates Events Involved in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in 3D Spheroid Model. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110830. [PMID: 34822613 PMCID: PMC8618719 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs in the early stages of embryonic development and plays a significant role in the migration and the differentiation of cells into various types of tissues of an organism. However, tumor cells, with altered form and function, use the EMT process to migrate and invade other tissues in the body. Several experimental (in vivo and in vitro) and clinical trial studies have shown the antitumor activity of crotoxin (CTX), a heterodimeric phospholipase A2 present in the Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. In this study, we show that CTX modulates the microenvironment of tumor cells. We have also evaluated the effect of CTX on the EMT process in the spheroid model. The invasion of type I collagen gels by heterospheroids (mix of MRC-5 and A549 cells constitutively prepared with 12.5 nM CTX), expression of EMT markers, and secretion of MMPs were analyzed. Western blotting analysis shows that CTX inhibits the expression of the mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin, α-SMA, and αv. This study provides evidence of CTX as a key modulator of the EMT process, and its antitumor action can be explored further for novel drug designing against metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Emi Kato
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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25
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Willard NK, Salazar E, Oyervides FA, Wiebe CS, Ocheltree JS, Cortez M, Perez RP, Markowitz H, Iliuk A, Sanchez EE, Suntravat M, Galan JA. Proteomic Identification and Quantification of Snake Venom Biomarkers in Venom and Plasma Extracellular Vesicles. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090654. [PMID: 34564658 PMCID: PMC8473211 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The global exploration of snakebites requires the use of quantitative omics approaches to characterize snake venom as it enters into the systemic circulation. These omics approaches give insights into the venom proteome, but a further exploration is warranted to analyze the venom-reactome for the identification of snake venom biomarkers. The recent discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and their critical cellular functions, has presented them as intriguing sources for biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis. Herein, we purified EV’s from the snake venom (svEVs) of Crotalus atrox and C. oreganus helleri, and from plasma of BALB/c mice injected with venom from each snake using EVtrap in conjunction with quantitative mass spectrometry for the proteomic identification and quantification of svEVs and plasma biomarkers. Snake venom EVs from C. atrox and C. o. helleri were highly enriched in 5′ nucleosidase, L-amino acid oxidase, and metalloproteinases. In mouse plasma EVs, a bioinformatic analysis for revealed upregulated responses involved with cytochrome P450, lipid metabolism, acute phase inflammation immune, and heat shock responses, while downregulated proteins were associated with mitochondrial electron transport, NADH, TCA, cortical cytoskeleton, reticulum stress, and oxidative reduction. Altogether, this analysis will provide direct evidence for svEVs composition and observation of the physiological changes of an envenomated organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kevin Willard
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (N.K.W.); (E.S.); (F.A.O.); (C.S.W.); (J.S.O.); (M.C.); (E.E.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Emelyn Salazar
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (N.K.W.); (E.S.); (F.A.O.); (C.S.W.); (J.S.O.); (M.C.); (E.E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Fabiola Alejandra Oyervides
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (N.K.W.); (E.S.); (F.A.O.); (C.S.W.); (J.S.O.); (M.C.); (E.E.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Cierra Siobhrie Wiebe
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (N.K.W.); (E.S.); (F.A.O.); (C.S.W.); (J.S.O.); (M.C.); (E.E.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Jack Sutton Ocheltree
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (N.K.W.); (E.S.); (F.A.O.); (C.S.W.); (J.S.O.); (M.C.); (E.E.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Mario Cortez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (N.K.W.); (E.S.); (F.A.O.); (C.S.W.); (J.S.O.); (M.C.); (E.E.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | | | - Harry Markowitz
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (H.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Anton Iliuk
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (H.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Elda Eliza Sanchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (N.K.W.); (E.S.); (F.A.O.); (C.S.W.); (J.S.O.); (M.C.); (E.E.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Montamas Suntravat
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (N.K.W.); (E.S.); (F.A.O.); (C.S.W.); (J.S.O.); (M.C.); (E.E.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Jacob Anthony Galan
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (N.K.W.); (E.S.); (F.A.O.); (C.S.W.); (J.S.O.); (M.C.); (E.E.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
- Correspondence:
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26
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Freire MCLC, Noske GD, Bitencourt NV, Sanches PRS, Santos-Filho NA, Gawriljuk VO, de Souza EP, Nogueira VHR, de Godoy MO, Nakamura AM, Fernandes RS, Godoy AS, Juliano MA, Peres BM, Barbosa CG, Moraes CB, Freitas-Junior LHG, Cilli EM, Guido RVC, Oliva G. Non-Toxic Dimeric Peptides Derived from the Bothropstoxin-I Are Potent SARS-CoV-2 and Papain-like Protease Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164896. [PMID: 34443484 PMCID: PMC8401042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has rapidly spread on a global scale, affecting the economy and public health systems throughout the world. In recent years, peptide-based therapeutics have been widely studied and developed to treat infectious diseases, including viral infections. Herein, the antiviral effects of the lysine linked dimer des-Cys11, Lys12,Lys13-(pBthTX-I)2K ((pBthTX-I)2K)) and derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 are reported. The lead peptide (pBthTX-I)2K and derivatives showed attractive inhibitory activities against SARS-CoV-2 (EC50 = 28–65 µM) and mostly low cytotoxic effect (CC50 > 100 µM). To shed light on the mechanism of action underlying the peptides’ antiviral activity, the Main Protease (Mpro) and Papain-Like protease (PLpro) inhibitory activities of the peptides were assessed. The synthetic peptides showed PLpro inhibition potencies (IC50s = 1.0–3.5 µM) and binding affinities (Kd = 0.9–7 µM) at the low micromolar range but poor inhibitory activity against Mpro (IC50 > 10 µM). The modeled binding mode of a representative peptide of the series indicated that the compound blocked the entry of the PLpro substrate toward the protease catalytic cleft. Our findings indicated that non-toxic dimeric peptides derived from the Bothropstoxin-I have attractive cellular and enzymatic inhibitory activities, thereby suggesting that they are promising prototypes for the discovery and development of new drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C. L. C. Freire
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Gabriela D. Noske
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Natália V. Bitencourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil; (N.V.B.); (P.R.S.S.); (N.A.S.-F.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Paulo R. S. Sanches
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil; (N.V.B.); (P.R.S.S.); (N.A.S.-F.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Norival A. Santos-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil; (N.V.B.); (P.R.S.S.); (N.A.S.-F.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Victor O. Gawriljuk
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Eduardo P. de Souza
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | - Victor H. R. Nogueira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Mariana O. de Godoy
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Aline M. Nakamura
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Rafaela S. Fernandes
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Andre S. Godoy
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Maria A. Juliano
- The Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Bianca M. Peres
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (B.M.P.); (C.G.B.); (L.H.G.F.-J.)
| | - Cecília G. Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (B.M.P.); (C.G.B.); (L.H.G.F.-J.)
| | - Carolina B. Moraes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Lucio H. G. Freitas-Junior
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (B.M.P.); (C.G.B.); (L.H.G.F.-J.)
| | - Eduardo M. Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil; (N.V.B.); (P.R.S.S.); (N.A.S.-F.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Rafael V. C. Guido
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.V.C.G.); (G.O.); Tel.: +55-16-3373-8673 (R.V.C.G.); +55-16-3373-6664 (G.O.)
| | - Glaucius Oliva
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.F.); (G.D.N.); (V.O.G.); (V.H.R.N.); (M.O.d.G.); (A.M.N.); (R.S.F.); (A.S.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.V.C.G.); (G.O.); Tel.: +55-16-3373-8673 (R.V.C.G.); +55-16-3373-6664 (G.O.)
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27
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Freitas-de-Sousa LA, Nachtigall PG, Portes-Junior JA, Holding ML, Nystrom GS, Ellsworth SA, Guimarães NC, Tioyama E, Ortiz F, Silva BR, Kunz TS, Junqueira-de-Azevedo ILM, Grazziotin FG, Rokyta DR, Moura-da-Silva AM. Size Matters: An Evaluation of the Molecular Basis of Ontogenetic Modifications in the Composition of Bothrops jararacussu Snake Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120791. [PMID: 33322460 PMCID: PMC7763748 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ontogenetic changes in venom composition have been described in Bothrops snakes, but only a few studies have attempted to identify the targeted paralogues or the molecular mechanisms involved in modifications of gene expression during ontogeny. In this study, we decoded B. jararacussu venom gland transcripts from six specimens of varying sizes and analyzed the variability in the composition of independent venom proteomes from 19 individuals. We identified 125 distinct putative toxin transcripts, and of these, 73 were detected in venom proteomes and only 10 were involved in the ontogenetic changes. Ontogenetic variability was linearly related to snake size and did not correspond to the maturation of the reproductive stage. Changes in the transcriptome were highly predictive of changes in the venom proteome. The basic myotoxic phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) were the most abundant components in larger snakes, while in venoms from smaller snakes, PIII-class SVMPs were the major components. The snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) identified corresponded to novel sequences and conferred higher pro-coagulant and hemorrhagic functions to the venom of small snakes. The mechanisms modulating venom variability are predominantly related to transcriptional events and may consist of an advantage of higher hematotoxicity and more efficient predatory function in the venom from small snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A. Freitas-de-Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências-Toxinologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; (N.C.G.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.F.-d.-S.); (A.M.M.-d.-S.); Tel.: +55-11-2627-9779 (A.M.M.-d.-S.)
| | - Pedro G. Nachtigall
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; (P.G.N.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - José A. Portes-Junior
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (F.O.); (B.R.S.); (T.S.K.); (F.G.G.)
| | - Matthew L. Holding
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (M.L.H.); (G.S.N.); (S.A.E.); (D.R.R.)
| | - Gunnar S. Nystrom
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (M.L.H.); (G.S.N.); (S.A.E.); (D.R.R.)
| | - Schyler A. Ellsworth
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (M.L.H.); (G.S.N.); (S.A.E.); (D.R.R.)
| | - Noranathan C. Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências-Toxinologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; (N.C.G.); (E.T.)
| | - Emilly Tioyama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências-Toxinologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; (N.C.G.); (E.T.)
| | - Flora Ortiz
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (F.O.); (B.R.S.); (T.S.K.); (F.G.G.)
| | - Bruno R. Silva
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (F.O.); (B.R.S.); (T.S.K.); (F.G.G.)
| | - Tobias S. Kunz
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (F.O.); (B.R.S.); (T.S.K.); (F.G.G.)
| | | | - Felipe G. Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (F.O.); (B.R.S.); (T.S.K.); (F.G.G.)
| | - Darin R. Rokyta
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; (M.L.H.); (G.S.N.); (S.A.E.); (D.R.R.)
| | - Ana M. Moura-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências-Toxinologia, Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; (N.C.G.); (E.T.)
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.A.F.-d.-S.); (A.M.M.-d.-S.); Tel.: +55-11-2627-9779 (A.M.M.-d.-S.)
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28
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Vivas-Ruiz DE, Sandoval GA, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Zarria-Romero J, Lazo F, Rodríguez E, Magalhães HPB, Chávez-Olortegui C, Oliveira LS, Alvarenga VG, Urra FA, Toledo J, Yarlequé A, Eble JA, Sanchez EF. Fibrinogen-clotting enzyme, pictobin, from Bothrops pictus snake venom. Structural and functional characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:779-795. [PMID: 32169454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A thrombin-like enzyme, pictobin, was purified from Bothrops pictus snake venom. It is a 41-kDa monomeric glycoprotein as showed by mass spectrometry and contains approx. 45% carbohydrate by mass which could be removed with N-glycosidase. Pictobin coagulates plasma and fibrinogen, releasing fibrinopeptide A and induces the formation of a friable/porous fibrin network as visualized by SEM. The enzyme promoted platelet aggregation in human PRP and defibrination in mouse model and showed catalytic activity on chromogenic substrates S-2266, S-2366, S-2160 and S-2238. Pictobin interacts with the plasma inhibitor α2-macroglobulin, which blocks its interaction with fibrinogen but not with the small substrate BApNA. Heparin does not affect its enzymatic activity. Pictobin cross reacted with polyvalent bothropic antivenom, and its deglycosylated form reduced its catalytic action and antivenom reaction. In breast and lung cancer cells, pictobin inhibits the fibronectin-stimulated migration. Moreover, it produces strong NADH oxidation, mitochondrial depolarization, ATP decrease and fragmentation of mitochondrial network. These results suggest by first time that a snake venom serinprotease produces mitochondrial dysfunction by affecting mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics. Structural model of pictobin reveals a conserved chymotrypsin fold β/β hydrolase. These data indicate that pictobin has therapeutic potential in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan E Vivas-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru.
| | - Gustavo A Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NYC, USA
| | - Jacquelyne Zarria-Romero
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Av. Venezuela ra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Fanny Lazo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Edith Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Henrique P B Magalhães
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Chávez-Olortegui
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Inmunología, Instituto de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Oliveira
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valeria G Alvarenga
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Félix A Urra
- Programa de Farmacología Clínica y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla 7, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Instituto de Neurociencia Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7510157, Chile
| | - Armando Yarlequé
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima, Peru
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eladio F Sanchez
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Falcao CB, Radis-Baptista G. Crotamine and crotalicidin, membrane active peptides from Crotalus durissus terrificus rattlesnake venom, and their structurally-minimized fragments for applications in medicine and biotechnology. Peptides 2020; 126:170234. [PMID: 31857106 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A global public health crisis has emerged with the extensive dissemination of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from plants and animals have represented promising tools to counteract those resistant pathogens due to their multiple pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, anticancer, immunomodulatory and cell-penetrating activities. In this review, we will focus on crotamine and crotalicidin, which are two interesting examples of membrane active peptides derived from the South America rattlesnake Crotalus durrisus terrificus venom. Their full-sequences and structurally-minimized fragments have potential applications, as anti-infective and anti-proliferative agents and diagnostics in medicine and in pharmaceutical biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Borges Falcao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil; Peter Pan Association to Fight Childhood Cancer, Fortaleza, CE, 60410-770, Brazil.
| | - Gandhi Radis-Baptista
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara, Av da Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil.
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Almeida JR, Mendes B, Patiño RSP, Pico J, Laines J, Terán M, Mogollón NGS, Zaruma-Torres F, Caldeira CADS, da Silva SL. Assessing the stability of historical and desiccated snake venoms from a medically important Ecuadorian collection. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 230:108702. [PMID: 31911190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bothrops asper and Bothrops atrox are important venomous snakes from Ecuador responsible for the most of ophidic accidents, which in the past were treated with a national polyvant antivenom. For years, the venom pools were collected and stored at room temperature in a laboratory. Taking into account the controversial ability of desiccated samples to retain their biological effects and enzymatic activities, we investigated the biochemical and toxicological properties of venoms after years of storage. The proteomic profiles of historical venoms analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrophoresis are very similar. The fresh batches of venom were more lethal than those stored for years, just as the initial and current LD50 values of these samples changed. Significant differences were showed in the myotoxic and hemorrhagic activity of some venom pools, while no significant statistical differences were found for the edema activity. The enzymatic assays revealed a variation in proteolytic activity on azocasein and phospholipase A2 activity, and low differences were reported for thrombin-like serine protease activity. The maintenance of the proteomic profile and certain toxicological activities convert this venom library in a valuable source for research purposes. Nonetheless, the significative reduction of toxicological activities, such as hemorrhagic activity not feasible using these samples for the antivenom production.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Almeida
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador.
| | - Bruno Mendes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S P Patiño
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - José Pico
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Johanna Laines
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - María Terán
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Noroska G S Mogollón
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Fausto Zaruma-Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Química, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador; Centro de Innovación de la Salud - EUS/EP, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
| | - Cleópatra A da S Caldeira
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas a Saúde (CEBio), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz de Rondônia (Fiocruz Rondônia), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental (PGBIOEXP), Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR)
| | - Saulo L da Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias Química, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador; Centro de Innovación de la Salud - EUS/EP, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
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31
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Henao Castañeda I, Pereañez JA, Preciado LM, Jios J. Sulfur Compounds as Inhibitors of Enzymatic Activity of a Snake Venom Phospholipase A 2: Benzyl 4-nitrobenzenecarbodithioate as a Case of Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061373. [PMID: 32197309 PMCID: PMC7144397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Snakebite is a neglected disease with a high impact in tropical and subtropical countries. Therapy based on antivenom has limited efficacy in local tissue damage caused by venoms. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are enzymes that abundantly occur in snake venoms and induce several systemic and local effects. Furthermore, sulfur compounds such as thioesters have an inhibitory capacity against a snake venom PLA2. Hence, the objective of this work was to obtain a carbodithioate from a thioester with known activity against PLA2 and test its ability to inhibit the same enzyme. Benzyl 4-nitrobenzenecarbodithioate (I) was synthesized, purified, and characterized using as precursor 4-nitrothiobenzoic acid S-benzyl ester (II). Compound I showed inhibition of the enzymatic activity a PLA2 isolated from the venom of the Colombian rattlesnake Crotalus durissus cumanensis with an IC50 of 55.58 μM. This result is comparable with the reported inhibition obtained for II. Computational calculations were performed to support the study, and molecular docking results suggested that compounds I and II interact with the active site residues of the enzyme, impeding the normal catalysis cycle and attachment of the substrate to the active site of the PLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Henao Castañeda
- Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales Marinos, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52–21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-4-2195476
| | - Jaime Andrés Pereañez
- Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52–21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.; (J.A.P.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Lina María Preciado
- Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52–21, 050010 Medellín, Colombia.; (J.A.P.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Jorge Jios
- Laboratorio UPL (Unidad PLAPIMU-LASEISIC), Campus Tecnológico Gonnet (CIC-BA), Cno. Centenario e/505 y 508, 1897 Gonnet, Argentina;
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 esq. 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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Hayashi MAF, Campeiro JD, Porta LC, Szychowski B, Alves WA, Oliveira EB, Kerkis I, Daniel MC, Karpel RL. Crotamine Cell-Penetrating Nanocarriers: Cancer-Targeting and Potential Biotechnological and/or Medical Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2118:61-89. [PMID: 32152971 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0319-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crotamine is a basic, 42-residue polypeptide from snake venom that has been shown to possess cell-penetrating properties. Here we describe the preparation, purification, biochemical and biophysical analysis of venom-derived, recombinant, chemically synthesized, and fluorescent-labeled crotamine. We also describe the formation and characterization of crotamine-DNA and crotamine-RNA nanoparticles; and the delivery of these nanoparticles into cells and animals. Crotamine forms nanoparticles with a variety of DNA and RNA molecules, and crotamine-plasmid DNA nanoparticles are selectively delivered into actively proliferating cells in culture or in living organisms such as mice, Plasmodium, and worms. As such, these nanoparticles could form the basis for a nucleic acid drug-delivery system. We also describe here the design and characterization of crotamine-functionalized gold nanoparticles, and the delivery of these nanoparticles into cells. We also evaluated the viability of using the combination of crotamine with silica nanoparticles in animal models, aiming to provide slow delivery, and to decrease the crotamine doses needed for the biological effects. In addition, the efficacy of administering crotamine orally was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian A F Hayashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joana Darc Campeiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Carvalho Porta
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian Szychowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wendel Andrade Alves
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Irina Kerkis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie-Christine Daniel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Karpel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Menezes MC, Kitano ES, Bauer VC, Oliveira AK, Cararo-Lopes E, Nishiyama MY, Zelanis A, Serrano SMT. Early response of C2C12 myotubes to a sub-cytotoxic dose of hemorrhagic metalloproteinase HF3 from Bothrops jararaca venom. J Proteomics 2019; 198:163-176. [PMID: 30553073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Manifestations of local tissue damage, such as hemorrhage and myonecrosis, are among the most dramatic effects of envenomation by viperid snakes. Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) of the P-III class are main players of the hemorrhagic effect due to their activities in promoting blood vessel disruption. Hemorrhagic Factor 3 (HF3), a P-III class SVMP from Bothrops jararaca, shows a minimum hemorrhagic dose of 240 fmol on rabbit skin. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a sub-cytotoxic dose of HF3 (50 nM) on the proteomic profile of C2C12 differentiated cells (myotubes) in culture, and on the peptidomic profile of the culture supernatant. Quantitative proteomic analysis using stable-isotope dimethyl labeling showed differential abundance of various proteins including enzymes involved in oxidative stress and inflammation responses. Identification of peptides in the supernatant of HF3-treated myotubes revealed proteolysis and pointed out potential new substrates of HF3, including glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and some damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These experiments demonstrate the subtle effects of HF3 on muscle cells and illustrate for the first time the early proteolytic events triggered by HF3 on myotubes. Moreover, they may contribute to future studies aimed at explaining the inflammation process, hemorrhage and myonecrosis caused by SVMPs. SIGNIFICANCE: One of the main features of viperid snake envenomation is myotoxicity at the bite site, which, in turn is often associated with edema, blistering and hemorrhage, composing a complex pattern of local tissue damage. In this scenario, besides muscle cells, other types of cells, components of the extracellular matrix and blood vessels may also be affected, resulting in an outcome of deficient muscle regeneration. The main venom components participating in this pathology are metalloproteinases and phospholipases A2. Muscle necrosis induced by metalloproteinases is considered as an indirect effect related to ischemia, due to hemorrhage resulted from damage to the microvasculature. The pathogenesis of local effects induced by Bothrops venoms or isolated toxins has been studied by traditional methodologies. More recently, proteomic and peptidomic approaches have been used to study venom-induced pathogenesis. Here, in order to investigate the role of metalloproteinase activity in local tissue damage, we asked whether the hemorrhagic metalloproteinase HF3, at sub-cytotoxic levels, could alter the proteome of C2C12 myotubes in culture, thereby providing an insight into the mechanisms for the development of myonecrosis. Our results from mass spectrometric analyses showed subtle, early changes in the cells, including differential abundance of some proteins and proteolysis in the culture supernatant. The data illustrate the potential ability of metalloproteinases to trigger early systemic responses progressing from local cells and up to tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene C Menezes
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Kitano
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Verena C Bauer
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana K Oliveira
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cararo-Lopes
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Milton Y Nishiyama
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Zelanis
- Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (ICT-UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Suntravat M, Cromer WE, Marquez J, Galan JA, Zawieja DC, Davies P, Salazar E, Sánchez EE. The isolation and characterization of a new snake venom cysteine-rich secretory protein (svCRiSP) from the venom of the Southern Pacific rattlesnake and its effect on vascular permeability. Toxicon 2019; 165:22-30. [PMID: 31014961 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel snake venom cysteine-rich secretory protein (svCRiSP), Hellerin, was purified from C. o. helleri venom using sequential reverse phase and cation-exchange chromatography. Gel electrophoresis, N-terminal sequencing, and LC-MS/MS sequencing identified a single protein with a molecular mass of approximately 24.8 kDa and confirmed its identity as a svCRiSP. Hellerin had cytotoxic effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a dose-dependent manner but not in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) and human dermal blood endothelial cells (HDBECs). Hellerin produced a dramatic increase in both blood vascular permeability in vivo, and in the trans-epithelial permeability of cultured HDLEC and HDBEC cells. This is the first study that describes the effect of a svCRiSP on vascular, blood and lymphatic permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montamas Suntravat
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA.
| | - Walter E Cromer
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center (TAMHSC), Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jessenia Marquez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Jacob A Galan
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center (TAMHSC), Temple, TX, USA
| | - Peter Davies
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emelyn Salazar
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Elda E Sánchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA
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35
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Salvador GHM, Cardoso FF, Gomes AA, Cavalcante WLG, Gallacci M, Fontes MRM. Search for efficient inhibitors of myotoxic activity induced by ophidian phospholipase A 2-like proteins using functional, structural and bioinformatics approaches. Sci Rep 2019; 9:510. [PMID: 30679550 PMCID: PMC6346006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophidian accidents are considered an important neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Particularly in Latin America, Bothrops snakes are responsible for the majority of the snakebite envenomings that are not efficiently treated by conventional serum therapy. Thus, the search for simple and efficient inhibitors to complement this therapy is a promising research area, and a combination of functional and structural assays have been used to test candidate ligands against specific ophidian venom compounds. Herein, we tested a commercial drug (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) and a plant compound with antiophidian properties (rosmarinic acid, RA) using myographic, crystallographic and bioinformatics experiments with a phospholipase A2-like toxin, MjTX-II. MjTX-II/RA and MjTX-II/ASA crystal structures were solved at high resolution and revealed the presence of ligands bound to different regions of the toxin. However, in vitro myographic assays showed that only RA is able to prevent the myotoxic effects of MjTX-II. In agreement with functional results, molecular dynamics simulations showed that the RA molecule remains tightly bound to the toxin throughout the calculations, whereas ASA molecules tend to dissociate. This approach aids the design of effective inhibitors of PLA2-like toxins and, eventually, may complement serum therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme H M Salvador
- Depto. de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Florença Cardoso
- Depto. de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Antoniel A Gomes
- Depto. de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Walter L G Cavalcante
- Depto. de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Depto. de Farmacologia, UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcia Gallacci
- Depto. de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos R M Fontes
- Depto. de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Monteiro DA, Kalinin AL, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Nogueira LAN, Beletti ME, Fernandes MN, Rantin FT. Cardioprotective effects of alternagin-C (ALT-C), a disintegrin-like protein from Rhinocerophis alternatus snake venom, on hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced injury in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 215:67-75. [PMID: 30352307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alternagin-C (ALT-C) is a disintegrin-like peptide purified from Rhinocerophis alternatus snake venom with the property of inducing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and angiogenesis. Therefore, this protein could be interesting as a new approach for ischemic heart diseases, an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand, leading to cardiac dysfunction. We investigated the effects of a single dose of alternagin-C (0.5 mg kg-1, via intra-arterial), after 7 days, on hypoxia/reoxygenation challenge in isolated ventricle strips and on morphological changes and density of blood vessels of the heart, using fish as an alternative experimental model. ALT-C treatment provided protection of cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced negative inotropism. ALT-C also stimulated angiogenesis and improved excitation-contraction coupling during hypoxic conditions. Our results provide a new insight into a functional role of ALT-C against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte injury pointing out to a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A L Kalinin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H S Selistre-de-Araújo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L A N Nogueira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - M E Beletti
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - M N Fernandes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F T Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ferreira BA, Deconte SR, de Moura FBR, Tomiosso TC, Clissa PB, Andrade SP, Araújo FDA. Inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrogenesis are differentially modulated by distinct domains of the snake venom metalloproteinase jararhagin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:1179-1187. [PMID: 30102981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Jararhagin, a metalloprotease from Bothrops jararaca snake venom, is a toxin containing the metalloproteinase, disintegrin-like and cysteine-rich domains; it causes acute inflammation and damage to vascular tissue. However, the actions of these domains on key components of chronic inflammation have not been determined. Our aim was to investigate the effects of jararhagin (Jar), jararhagin-C (Jar-C) and o-phenantrolin-treated jararhagin (Jar-Phe), on inflammatory response, blood vessel formation and extracellular matrix deposition in the murine sponge model. The polyether-polyurethane sponge matrix was implanted into Balb/c mice and injected daily with Jar (400 ng), Jar-Phe (400 ng), Jar-C (200 ng) or saline (control). Nine days after implantation, the sponge discs were removed and processed. In the Jar-treated implants, some of inflammatory markers (N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity, CCL2 and TNF-α) and TGF-β1 levels were higher compared with the control group. In the Jar-C group, the inflammatory markers myeloperoxidase activity and CXCL1 were higher compared with the control. In this group, VEGF levels and collagen deposition were also higher. Jar-Phe treatment was able to inhibit the activity and/or production of MPO, CXCL1, CCL2 and TGF-β. The differential effects of these proteins in modulating the main components of fibrovascular tissue may be exploited in the management fibroproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Antonio Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Ramos Deconte
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Francyelle Borges Rosa de Moura
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Carla Tomiosso
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Passos Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Assis Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Kunalan S, Othman I, Syed Hassan S, Hodgson WC. Proteomic Characterization of Two Medically Important Malaysian Snake Venoms, Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan Pit Viper) and Ophiophagus hannah (King Cobra). Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110434. [PMID: 30373186 PMCID: PMC6266455 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calloselasma rhodostoma (CR) and Ophiophagus hannah (OH) are two medically important snakes found in Malaysia. While some studies have described the biological properties of these venoms, feeding and environmental conditions also influence the concentration and distribution of snake venom toxins, resulting in variations in venom composition. Therefore, a combined proteomic approach using shotgun and gel filtration chromatography, analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry, was used to examine the composition of venoms from these Malaysian snakes. The analysis revealed 114 proteins (15 toxin families) and 176 proteins (20 toxin families) in Malaysian Calloselasma rhodostoma and Ophiophagus hannah species, respectively. Flavin monoamine oxidase, phospholipase A2, phosphodiesterase, snake venom metalloproteinase, and serine protease toxin families were identified in both venoms. Aminopeptidase, glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase along with ankyrin repeats were identified for the first time in CR venom, and insulin, c-type lectins/snaclecs, hepatocyte growth factor, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor together with tumor necrosis factor were identified in OH venom for the first time. Our combined proteomic approach has identified a comprehensive arsenal of toxins in CR and OH venoms. These data may be utilized for improved antivenom production, understanding pathological effects of envenoming, and the discovery of biologically active peptides with medical and/or biotechnological value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugita Kunalan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Sharifah Syed Hassan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Wayne C Hodgson
- Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Preciado LM, Comer J, Núñez V, Rey-Súarez P, Pereañez JA. Inhibition of a Snake Venom Metalloproteinase by the Flavonoid Myricetin. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102662. [PMID: 30332829 PMCID: PMC6222685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the snakebite envenomations in Central and South America are caused by species belonging to Bothrops genus. Their venom is composed mainly by zinc-dependent metalloproteinases, responsible of the hemorrhage characteristic of these envenomations. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory ability of ten flavonoids on the in-vitro proteolytic activity of Bothrops atrox venom and on the hemorrhagic, edema-forming and myonecrotic activities of Batx-I, the most abundant metalloproteinase isolated from this venom. Myricetin was the most active compound, exhibiting an IC 50 value of 150 μ M and 1021 μ M for the inhibition of proteolytic and hemorrhagic activity, respectively. Independent injection experiments, with a concentration of 1600 μ M of myricetin administered locally, immediately after toxin injection, demonstrated a reduction of 28 ± 6 % in the hemorrhagic lesion. Additionally, myricetin at concentrations 800, 1200 and 1600 μ M promoted a reduction in plasma creatine kinase activity induced by Batx-I of 21 ± 2 % , 60 ± 5 % and 63 ± 2 % , respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations coupled with the adaptive biasing method suggest that myricetin can bind to the metalloproteinase active site via formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups 3', 4' and 5' of the benzyl moiety and amino acid Glu143 of the metalloproteinase. The hydroxyl substitution pattern of myricetin appears to be essential for its inhibitory activity. Based on this evidence, myricetin constitutes a candidate for the development of inhibitors to reduce local tissue damage in snakebite envenomations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina María Preciado
- Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Jeffrey Comer
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Vitelbina Núñez
- Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
- Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Paola Rey-Súarez
- Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Jaime Andrés Pereañez
- Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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Costa CRC, Belchor MN, Rodrigues CFB, Toyama DDO, de Oliveira MA, Novaes DP, Toyama MH. Edema Induced by a Crotalus durissus terrificus Venom Serine Protease (Cdtsp 2) Involves the PAR Pathway and PKC and PLC Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082405. [PMID: 30111691 PMCID: PMC6121655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom serine proteases (SVSPs) represent an essential group of enzymatic toxins involved in several pathophysiological effects on blood homeostasis. Some findings suggest the involvement of this class of enzymatic toxins in inflammation. In this paper, we purified and isolated a new gyroxin isoform from the Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt) venom, designated as Cdtsp 2, which showed significant proinflammatory effects in a murine model. In addition, we performed several studies to elucidate the main pathway underlying the edematogenic effect induced by Cdtsp 2. Enzymatic assays and structural analysis (primary structure analysis and three-dimensional modeling) were closely performed with pharmacological assays. The determination of edematogenic activity was performed using Cdtsp 2 isolated from snake venom, and was applied to mice treated with protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, dexamethasone (Dexa), antagonists for protease-activated receptors (PARs), or saline (negative control). Additionally, we measured the levels of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Cdtsp 2 is characterized by an approximate molecular mass of 27 kDa, an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.5, and significant fibrinolytic activity, as well as the ability to hydrolyze Nα-benzoyl-l-arginine 4-nitroanilide (BAPNA). Its primary and three-dimensional structures revealed Cdtsp 2 as a typical snake venom serine protease that induces significant edema via the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), involving PARs, PKC, PLC, and COX-2 receptors, as well as inducing a significant increase in MDA levels. Our results showed that Cdtsp 2 is a serine protease with significant enzymatic activity, and it may be involved in the degradation of PAR1 and PAR2, which activate PLC and PKC to mobilize AA, while increasing oxidative stress. In this article, we provide a new perspective for the role of SVSPs beyond their effects on blood homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R C Costa
- Institute of Biosciences, Coastal Campus, BIOMOLPEP, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 11330-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Novo Belchor
- Institute of Biosciences, Coastal Campus, BIOMOLPEP, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 11330-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniela de Oliveira Toyama
- Institute of Biosciences, Coastal Campus, BIOMOLPEP, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 11330-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcos A de Oliveira
- Institute of Biosciences, Coastal Campus, LABIMES, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 11330-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Danielle P Novaes
- Institute of Biosciences, Coastal Campus, BIOMOLPEP, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 11330-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Hikari Toyama
- Institute of Biosciences, Coastal Campus, BIOMOLPEP, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 11330-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Calvete JJ, Casewell NR, Hernández-Guzmán U, Quesada-Bernat S, Sanz L, Rokyta DR, Storey D, Albulescu LO, Wüster W, Smith CF, Schuett GW, Booth W. Venom Complexity in a Pitviper Produced by Facultative Parthenogenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11539. [PMID: 30068934 PMCID: PMC6070573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Facultative parthenogenesis (FP) is asexual reproduction in plant and animal species that would otherwise reproduce sexually. This process in vertebrates typically results from automictic development (likely terminal fusion) and is phylogenetically widespread. In squamate reptiles and chondrichthyan fishes, FP has been reported to occur in nature and can result in the production of reproductively viable offspring; suggesting that it is of ecological and evolutionary significance. However, terminal fusion automixis is believed to result in near genome-wide reductions in heterozygosity; thus, FP seems likely to affect key phenotypic characters, yet this remains almost completely unstudied. Snake venom is a complex phenotypic character primarily used to subjugate prey and is thus tightly linked to individual fitness. Surprisingly, the composition and function of venom produced by a parthenogenetic pitviper exhibits a high degree of similarity to that of its mother and conspecifics from the same population. Therefore, the apparent loss of allelic diversity caused by FP appears unlikely to have a significant impact on the prey-capturing ability of this snake. Accordingly, the pitviper offspring produced by FP retained complex phenotypic characteristics associated with fitness. This result reinforces the potential ecological and evolutionary importance of FP and questions our understanding of the inheritance of venom-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Calvete
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
| | - N R Casewell
- Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - U Hernández-Guzmán
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratorio de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán C.P, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - S Quesada-Bernat
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Sanz
- Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - D R Rokyta
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - D Storey
- Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - L-O Albulescu
- Alistair Reid Venom Research Unit, Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - W Wüster
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
- Chiricahua Desert Museum, P.O. Box 376, Rodeo, NM, USA
| | - C F Smith
- Chiricahua Desert Museum, P.O. Box 376, Rodeo, NM, USA
- The Copperhead Institute, P.O. Box 6755, Spartanburg, SC, USA
- Department of Biology, Wofford College, 429 North Church Street, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - G W Schuett
- Chiricahua Desert Museum, P.O. Box 376, Rodeo, NM, USA
- The Copperhead Institute, P.O. Box 6755, Spartanburg, SC, USA
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Booth
- Chiricahua Desert Museum, P.O. Box 376, Rodeo, NM, USA
- The Copperhead Institute, P.O. Box 6755, Spartanburg, SC, USA
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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42
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Damm M, Hempel BF, Nalbantsoy A, Süssmuth RD. Comprehensive Snake Venomics of the Okinawa Habu Pit Viper, Protobothrops flavoviridis, by Complementary Mass Spectrometry-Guided Approaches. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081893. [PMID: 30060607 PMCID: PMC6222445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian world is home to a multitude of venomous and dangerous snakes, which are used to induce various medical effects in the preparation of traditional snake tinctures and alcoholics, like the Japanese snake wine, named Habushu. The aim of this work was to perform the first quantitative proteomic analysis of the Protobothrops flavoviridis pit viper venom. Accordingly, the venom was analyzed by complimentary bottom-up and top-down mass spectrometry techniques. The mass spectrometry-based snake venomics approach revealed that more than half of the venom is composed of different phospholipases A2 (PLA₂). The combination of this approach and an intact mass profiling led to the identification of the three main Habu PLA₂s. Furthermore, nearly one-third of the total venom consists of snake venom metalloproteinases and disintegrins, and several minor represented toxin families were detected: C-type lectin-like proteins (CTL), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP), snake venom serine proteases (svSP), l-amino acid oxidases (LAAO), phosphodiesterase (PDE) and 5'-nucleotidase. Finally, the venom of P. flavoviridis contains certain bradykinin-potentiating peptides and related peptides, like the svMP inhibitors, pEKW, pEQW, pEEW and pENW. In preliminary MTT cytotoxicity assays, the highest cancerous-cytotoxicity of crude venom was measured against human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and shows disintegrin-like effects in some fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Damm
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Ayse Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
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43
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Soares KSR, Gláucia-Silva F, Daniele-Silva A, Torres-Rêgo M, Araújo NKD, Menezes YASD, Damasceno IZ, Tambourgi DV, da Silva-Júnior AA, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF. Antivenom Production against Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops erythromelas Snake Venoms Using Cross-Linked Chitosan Nanoparticles as an Immunoadjuvant. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040158. [PMID: 29659491 PMCID: PMC5923324 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, envenomation by snakes of the genus Bothrops is clinically relevant, particularly for the species Bothrops jararaca and B. erythromelas. The most effective treatment for envenomation by snakes is the administration of antivenoms associated with adjuvants. Novel adjuvants are required to reduce side effects and maximize the efficiency of conventional serum and vaccine formulations. The polymer chitosan has been shown to have immunoadjuvant properties, and it has been used as a platform for delivery systems. In this context, we evaluated the potential immunoadjuvant properties of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded with B. jararaca and B. erythromelas venoms in the production of sera against these venoms. Stable CNPs were obtained by ionic gelation, and mice were immunized subcutaneously for 6 weeks with 100 µL of each snake venom at concentrations of 5.0 or 10.0% (w/w), encapsulated in CNPs or associated with aluminium hydroxide (AH). The evaluation of protein interactions with the CNPs revealed their ability to induce antibody levels equivalent to those of AH, even with smaller doses of antigen. In addition, the CNPs were less inflammatory due to their modified release of proteins. CNPs provide a promising approach for peptide/protein delivery from snake venom and will be useful for new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Samara Rocha Soares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Fiamma Gláucia-Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Daniele-Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Manoela Torres-Rêgo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Nathália Kelly de Araújo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Yamara Arruda Silva de Menezes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Igor Zumba Damasceno
- Department of Materials Engineering, Technology Center, University Campus, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
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Pinheiro-Júnior EL, Boldrini-França J, de Campos Araújo LMP, Santos-Filho NA, Bendhack LM, Cilli EM, Arantes EC. LmrBPP9: A synthetic bradykinin-potentiating peptide from Lachesis muta rhombeata venom that inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in vitro and reduces the blood pressure of hypertensive rats. Peptides 2018; 102:1-7. [PMID: 29410030 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) are an important group of toxins present in Lachesis muta rhombeata venom. They act directly at renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, through the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This action may contribute to the hypotensive shock observed during the envenoming by this species. Thus, the main goal of this study was the solid-phase synthesis of a BPP found in L. m. rhombeata venom and its in vitro and in vivo characterization in relation to ACE inhibition and hypotensive activity, respectively. The LmrBPP9 peptide was synthesized using an automated solid-phase peptide synthesizer and purified by reversed-phase fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The in vitro IC50 of the synthetic peptide is 4.25 ± 0.10 μM, showing a great capacity of ACE inhibition. The in vivo studies showed that LmrBPP9 induces blood pressure reduction, both in normotensive and hypertensive rats, being more pronounced in the last ones. These results agree with the in vitro results, showing that the synthetic peptide LmrBPP9 is a potential molecule to the development of a new antihypertensive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johara Boldrini-França
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lusiane Maria Bendhack
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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45
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Strickland JL, Mason AJ, Rokyta DR, Parkinson CL. Phenotypic Variation in Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) Venom Is Driven by Four Toxin Families. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040135. [PMID: 29570631 PMCID: PMC5923301 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic diversity generated through altered gene expression is a primary mechanism facilitating evolutionary response in natural systems. By linking the phenotype to genotype through transcriptomics, it is possible to determine what changes are occurring at the molecular level. High phenotypic diversity has been documented in rattlesnake venom, which is under strong selection due to its role in prey acquisition and defense. Rattlesnake venom can be characterized by the presence (Type A) or absence (Type B) of a type of neurotoxic phospholipase A2 (PLA2), such as Mojave toxin, that increases venom toxicity. Mojave rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus), represent this diversity as both venom types are found within this species and within a single panmictic population in the Sonoran Desert. We used comparative venom gland transcriptomics of nine specimens of C. scutulatus from this region to test whether expression differences explain diversity within and between venom types. Type A individuals expressed significantly fewer toxins than Type B individuals owing to the diversity of C-type lectins (CTLs) and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) found in Type B animals. As expected, both subunits of Mojave toxin were exclusively found in Type A individuals but we found high diversity in four additional PLA2s that was not associated with a venom type. Myotoxin a expression and toxin number variation was not associated with venom type, and myotoxin a had the highest range of expression of any toxin class. Our study represents the most comprehensive transcriptomic profile of the venom type dichotomy in rattlesnakes and C. scutulatus. Even intra-specifically, Mojave rattlesnakes showcase the diversity of snake venoms and illustrate that variation within venom types blurs the distinction of the venom dichotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Strickland
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Andrew J Mason
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 190 Collings St., Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Darin R Rokyta
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Christopher L Parkinson
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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Girón ME, Padrón V, Ramos MI, Sánchez EE, Guerrero B, García A, Uzcátegui NL, Navarrete LF, Rodríguez-Acosta A. Intraspecies geographical variability in the South American tigra mariposa (Bothrops venezuelensis Sandner 1952) snake venom activities. Toxicon 2018; 144:23-33. [PMID: 29407163 PMCID: PMC6380184 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops venezuelensis snake venoms, from five localities in the North-Central Venezuelan regions, showed biochemical and haemostatic differences. In this study, bioactivities of B. venezuelensis venoms from different regions (Aragua state; Waraira Repano (Capital District); Baruta, La Boyera and Lagunetica (Miranda state)) were compared using both natural and synthetic substrates. The protein contents of these venoms were Lagunetica 89%, La Boyera 79%, Baruta 71%, Waraira Repano 68% and Aragua 64%. Toxic activities effects were: Intraperitoneal LD50s: Aragua-14 mg/kg; Waraira Repano-6.4 mg/kg; Baruta: 8.3 mg/kg; La Boyera-4.4 mg/kg; Lagunetica-16.2 mg/kg. The MHD results: Aragua-21.4 μg/mouse; Waraira Repano-2.5 μg/mouse; Baruta-1.2 μg/mouse; La Boyera-1.4 μg/mouse and Lagunetica-12 μg/mouse. The hide powder azure results: Aragua-1.24 U/mg; La Boyera-2.26 U/mg; Baruta-2.83 U/mg; Lagunetica-3.28 U/mg and Waraira Repano-5.77 U/mg. Esterase specific activity on BAEE results: Waraira Repano-666.66 U/mg; La Boyera-805.5 U/mg; Baruta-900.00 U/mg; Lagunetica-922.19 U/mg and Aragua-1960.67 U/mg. Casein zymography showed digestion bands in the molecular weight above 100 and at 66.2 and 21.5 kDa. Analysis of casein degradation by SDS-PAGE showed two different degradation patterns. Fibrinolytic activity (mm2/μg) on fibrin plates results: Aragua-6.07; Lagunetica-27.6; Waraira Repano-35.7; La Boyera-44.27 and Baruta-45.63. In the fibrinogenolytic assay, the five venoms completely degraded the α chain after 1 min of incubation. None of the venoms completely degraded the β and γ chains after 24 h incubation. The research indicated that venoms of B. venezuelensis of different geographic areas in Venezuela exhibit variances in composition and component concentrations; except the Aragua venom, all of them had high proteolytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Girón
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Vanessa Padrón
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - María I Ramos
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Elda E Sánchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 158, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Belsy Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alberto García
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Néstor L Uzcátegui
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luis F Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Alexis Rodríguez-Acosta
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquimica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
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47
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Quintana-Castillo JC, Vargas LJ, Segura C, Estrada-Gómez S, Bueno-Sánchez JC, Alarcón JC. Characterization of the Venom of C. d. cumanesis of Colombia: Proteomic Analysis and Antivenomic Study. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10020085. [PMID: 29462980 PMCID: PMC5848186 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Colombian rattlesnake Crotalus durissus cumanensis is distributed in three geographic zones of the country: the Atlantic Coast, the upper valley of the Magdalena River, and the eastern plains of the Colombian Orinoquía. Its venom induces neurological symptoms, such as eyelid ptosis, myasthenic facies, and paralysis of the respiratory muscles, which can lead to death. Identification and analysis of C. d. cumanensis showed nine groups of proteins responsible for the neurotoxic effect, of which the crotoxin complex was the most abundant (64.71%). Immunorecognition tests of C. d. cumanensis showed that the use of a commercial antivenom manufactured in Mexico resulted in immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Quintana-Castillo
- School of Medicine, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Street 50 A N° 41-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Leidy Johana Vargas
- School of Medicine, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Street 50 A N° 41-20, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Cesar Segura
- Malaria Group, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA, Street 70 N° 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Sebastian Estrada-Gómez
- Ophidism/Scorpionism Program, Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of Antioquia UdeA, Street 70 N° 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Julio César Bueno-Sánchez
- Reproduction Group, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia UdeA, Street 70 N° 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Juan Carlos Alarcón
- Ophidism/Scorpionism Program, Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of Antioquia UdeA, Street 70 N° 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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48
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Dobson J, Yang DC, Op den Brouw B, Cochran C, Huynh T, Kurrupu S, Sánchez EE, Massey DJ, Baumann K, Jackson TNW, Nouwens A, Josh P, Neri-Castro E, Alagón A, Hodgson WC, Fry BG. Rattling the border wall: Pathophysiological implications of functional and proteomic venom variation between Mexican and US subspecies of the desert rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 205:62-69. [PMID: 29074260 PMCID: PMC5825281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While some US populations of the Mohave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) are infamous for being potently neurotoxic, the Mexican subspecies C. s. salvini (Huamantlan rattlesnake) has been largely unstudied beyond crude lethality testing upon mice. In this study we show that at least some populations of this snake are as potently neurotoxic as its northern cousin. Testing of the Mexican antivenom Antivipmyn showed a complete lack of neutralisation for the neurotoxic effects of C. s. salvini venom, while the neurotoxic effects of the US subspecies C. s. scutulatus were time-delayed but ultimately not eliminated. These results document unrecognised potent neurological effects of a Mexican snake and highlight the medical importance of this subspecies, a finding augmented by the ineffectiveness of the Antivipmyn antivenom. These results also influence our understanding of the venom evolution of Crotalus scutulatus, suggesting that neurotoxicity is the ancestral feature of this species, with the US populations which lack neurotoxicity being derived states.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dobson
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daryl C Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bianca Op den Brouw
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chip Cochran
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Tam Huynh
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sanjaya Kurrupu
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Elda E Sánchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Daniel J Massey
- Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center, 1295 N Martin Room B308, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Banner University Medical Center, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85745, USA
| | - Kate Baumann
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy N W Jackson
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Amanda Nouwens
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peter Josh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Edgar Neri-Castro
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad # 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Alagón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad # 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Wayne C Hodgson
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bryan G Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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49
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Karpel RL, da Silva Liberato M, Campeiro JD, Bergeon L, Szychowski B, Butler A, Marino G, Cusic JF, de Oliveira LCG, Oliveira EB, de Farias MA, Portugal RV, Alves WA, Daniel MC, Hayashi MAF. Design and characterization of crotamine-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 163:1-8. [PMID: 29268209 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a facile and environmentally friendly strategy for supporting crotamine on gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Our approach was based on the covalent binding interaction between the cell penetrating peptide crotamine, which is a snake venom polypeptide with preference to penetrate dividing cells, and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligand, which is a nontoxic, water-soluble and easily obtainable commercial polymer. Crotamine was derivatized with ortho-pyridyldisulfide-polyethyleneglycol-N-hydroxysuccinimide (OPSS-PEG-SVA) cross-linker to produce OPSS-PEG-crotamine as the surface modifier of GNP. OPSS-PEG-SVA can serve not only as a surface modifier, but also as a stabilizing agent for GNPs. The successful PEGylation of the nanoparticles was demonstrated using different physicochemical techniques, while the grafting densities of the PEG ligands and crotamine on the surface of the nanoparticles were estimated using a combination of electron microscopy and mass spectrometry analysis. In vitro assays confirmed the internalization of these GNPs, into living HeLa cells. The results described herein suggest that our approach may serve as a simple platform for the synthesis of GNPs decorated with crotamine with well-defined morphologies and uniform dispersion, opening new roads for crotamine biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Karpel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Joana D Campeiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorna Bergeon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian Szychowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Butler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giovanni Marino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joelle F Cusic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Eduardo B Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP-RP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wendel Andrade Alves
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Marie-Christine Daniel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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50
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Shimizu JF, Pereira CM, Bittar C, Batista MN, Campos GRF, da Silva S, Cintra ACO, Zothner C, Harris M, Sampaio SV, Aquino VH, Rahal P, Jardim ACG. Multiple effects of toxins isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus on the hepatitis C virus life cycle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187857. [PMID: 29141010 PMCID: PMC5687739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the main causes of liver disease and transplantation worldwide. Current therapy is expensive, presents additional side effects and viral resistance has been described. Therefore, studies for developing more efficient antivirals against HCV are needed. Compounds isolated from animal venoms have shown antiviral activity against some viruses such as Dengue virus, Yellow fever virus and Measles virus. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the complex crotoxin (CX) and its subunits crotapotin (CP) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2-CB) isolated from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus on HCV life cycle. Huh 7.5 cells were infected with HCVcc JFH-1 strain in the presence or absence of these toxins and virus was titrated by focus formation units assay or by qPCR. Toxins were added to the cells at different time points depending on the stage of virus life cycle to be evaluated. The results showed that treatment with PLA2-CB inhibited HCV entry and replication but no effect on HCV release was observed. CX reduced virus entry and release but not replication. By treating cells with CP, an antiviral effect was observed on HCV release, the only stage inhibited by this compound. Our data demonstrated the multiple antiviral effects of toxins from animal venoms on HCV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Farinha Shimizu
- Genomics Study Laboratory, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, S. José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carina Machado Pereira
- Genomics Study Laboratory, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, S. José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cintia Bittar
- Genomics Study Laboratory, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, S. José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Nogueira Batista
- Genomics Study Laboratory, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, S. José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Suely da Silva
- Genomics Study Laboratory, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, S. José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carsten Zothner
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Harris
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Laboratory of Toxinology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Aquino
- Laboratory of Virology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Genomics Study Laboratory, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, S. José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Genomics Study Laboratory, São Paulo State University, IBILCE, S. José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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