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Tanaka T, Kobuchi S, Ito Y, Sakaeda T. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of oxaliplatin combined with S-1 (SOX) chemotherapy in a rat model of colorectal cancer with acute kidney injury: predictive renal biomarkers for dose optimisation. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:613-620. [PMID: 37966716 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2283736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Dose adjustment based on renal function is essential in S-1, which contains the 5‑fluorouracil prodrug tegafur, and platinum-based agent oxaliplatin (SOX) combination chemotherapy for colorectal cancer in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, limited evidence on dose adjustment in acute kidney injury (AKI) and challenges in determining dosing strategies. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of SOX chemotherapy and renal biomarkers in rats.AKI was prepared by renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer model rats. Serum creatinine (sCr) levels were determined as a renal biomarker. After administration of S-1 (2 mg/kg tegafur) and oxaliplatin (5 mg/kg), drug concentrations of tegafur, 5-FU, and platinum were measured in the plasma and tumours.No alterations in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-24h) values of 5-fluorouracil were observed between control and AKI model rats. The tumour concentrations of 5-fluorouracil in the mild and severe AKI groups were significantly lower than control group. The AUC0-24h for platinum increased with AKI severity. Notably, population pharmacokinetic analysis identified sCr as a covariate in platinum distribution after SOX chemotherapy.To optimise dose adjustment of SOX chemotherapy in patients with AKI, sCr may be a key factor in determining the appropriate dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Kobuchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukako Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Rodrigues D, de Souza T, Coyle L, Di Piazza M, Herpers B, Ferreira S, Zhang M, Vappiani J, Sévin DC, Gabor A, Lynch A, Chung SW, Saez-Rodriguez J, Jennen DGJ, Kleinjans JCS, de Kok TM. New insights into the mechanisms underlying 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal toxicity based on transcriptomic and metabolomic responses in human intestinal organoids. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2691-2718. [PMID: 34151400 PMCID: PMC8298376 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutical that induces acute toxicity in the small and large intestine of patients. Symptoms can be severe and lead to the interruption of cancer treatments. However, there is limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying 5-FU-induced intestinal toxicity. In this study, well-established 3D organoid models of human colon and small intestine (SI) were used to characterize 5-FU transcriptomic and metabolomic responses. Clinically relevant 5-FU concentrations for in vitro testing in organoids were established using physiologically based pharmacokinetic simulation of dosing regimens recommended for cancer patients, resulting in exposures to 10, 100 and 1000 µM. After treatment, different measurements were performed: cell viability and apoptosis; image analysis of cell morphological changes; RNA sequencing; and metabolome analysis of supernatant from organoids cultures. Based on analysis of the differentially expressed genes, the most prominent molecular pathways affected by 5-FU included cell cycle, p53 signalling, mitochondrial ATP synthesis and apoptosis. Short time-series expression miner demonstrated tissue-specific mechanisms affected by 5-FU, namely biosynthesis and transport of small molecules, and mRNA translation for colon; cell signalling mediated by Rho GTPases and fork-head box transcription factors for SI. Metabolomic analysis showed that in addition to the effects on TCA cycle and oxidative stress in both organoids, tissue-specific metabolic alterations were also induced by 5-FU. Multi-omics integration identified transcription factor E2F1, a regulator of cell cycle and apoptosis, as the best key node across all samples. These results provide new insights into 5-FU toxicity mechanisms and underline the relevance of human organoid models in the safety assessment in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Terezinha de Souza
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luke Coyle
- Departmnet of Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Matteo Di Piazza
- Departmnet of Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bram Herpers
- OcellO B.V., BioPartner Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, S1 2BJ, UK
| | - Mian Zhang
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, S1 2BJ, UK
| | | | - Daniel C Sévin
- GSK Functional Genomics/Cellzome, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Attila Gabor
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Seung-Wook Chung
- Departmnet of Nonclinical Drug Safety, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- GSK Non-Clinical Safety, Ware, SG12 0DP, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danyel G J Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Teng C, Reuter SE, Blinman PL, Dhillon HM, Galettis P, Proschogo N, McLachlan AJ, Vardy JL. Ibudilast for prevention of oxaliplatin-induced acute neurotoxicity: a pilot study assessing preliminary efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetic interactions in patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 86:547-558. [PMID: 32949265 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This prospective, open-label, sequential 'before vs. after' pilot study was conducted to provide preliminary efficacy and tolerability data for ibudilast in the prevention of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity in patients with metastatic upper gastrointestinal or colorectal cancer. Any potential impact of ibudilast on oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetics was also explored. METHODS Participants were administered a chemotherapy cycle (FOLFOX or CapeOx), followed by a chemotherapy cycle with co-administration of ibudilast 30 mg b.i.d. p.o. Efficacy was assessed on Day 3 and end of cycle using the Oxaliplatin-Specific Neurotoxicity Scale (OSNS) and additional clinical/patient-reported neurotoxicity measures. A population pharmacokinetic approach was used to determine oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetics with and without ibudilast. RESULTS Sixteen participants consented; 14 completed both chemotherapy cycles. Across all measures, the majority of participants experienced either an improvement or no worsening of neurotoxicity with ibudilast treatment. Based on OSNS assessments, acute neurotoxicity was unchanged in 12/14 participants and improved in 2/14 participants. The 90% confidence interval (CI) of the dose-normalised ratio of oxaliplatin AUC (90% CI 95.0-109%) and 5-fluorouracil AUC (90% CI 66.5-173%) indicated no significant impact of ibudilast on systemic exposure. CONCLUSION This pilot study indicated ibudilast co-administration may improve or stabilise oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Given the expected worsening of symptoms in patients with continued chemotherapy, this represents a signal of effect that warrants further investigation. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicates ibudilast has no significant effect on oxaliplatin pharmacokinetics, and is unlikely to influence pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number: UTN U1111-1209-0075 and ANZCTRN12618000232235 (registered 13/02/2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Teng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Australia
- Central Coast Cancer Centre, Gosford, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Stephanie E Reuter
- Clinical and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Prunella L Blinman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Haryana M Dhillon
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-Based Decision-Making, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Peter Galettis
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | | | - Janette L Vardy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Australia.
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-Based Decision-Making, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
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Li L, Han S, Yang C, Liu L, Zhao S, Wang X, Liu B, Pan H, Liu Y. Glycyrrhetinic acid modified MOFs for the treatment of liver cancer. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:325602. [PMID: 32320964 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8c03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related death across the globe. Nano medicines have emerged as promising candidates to improve liver cancer chemotherapy. In this study, a glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) modified metal-organic framework-based drug delivery system (GA-MOFs) was developed to enhance the liver targeting ability of 5-FU. The physicochemical properties of GA-MOFs regarding particle size, size distribution and morphology were evaluated. The results showed that the obtained 5-FU@GA-MOFs had an octahedral structure, a uniform particle size distribution, and a diameter of ∼200 nm. In vitro release experiments demonstrated that 5-FU@GA-MOFs exhibited a pH-dependent release pattern. MTT assays indicated that 5-FU-loaded GA-MOFs showed greater cytotoxicity towards HepG2 cells when compared to 5-FU alone at the same dose. In vivo tissue distribution demonstrated that the 5-FU@GA-MOFs significantly increased the accumulation of 5-FU in the liver. In vivo imaging analysis further manifested the liver targeting ability of GA-MOFs. Taken together, these results suggested that GA-modified MOFs showed promising potential as liver-targeting nanocarriers for the delivery of anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China. Liaoning Key Laboratory of New Drug Research & Development, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
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Fanchon LM, Russell J, Pillarsetty N, O’Donoghue I, Gangangari K, Yu KH, Humm JL. Comparing the intra-tumoral distribution of Gemcitabine, 5-Fluorouracil, and Capecitabine in a murine model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231745. [PMID: 32298392 PMCID: PMC7162455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a technique to compare the intra-tumoral distribution of the drug gemcitabine, its surrogate [18F]-fluoroarabinocytosine ([18F]-FAC) and related chemotherapeutics 5-FU and capecitabine in a pre-clinical model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using a KPC-organoid derived model of PDAC, we obtained autoradiographic images of the tumor distribution of, [14C]-gemcitabine, [14C]-5-FU, [3H]-capecitabine. These were compared indirectly by co-administering [18F]-FAC, a close analog of gemcitabine with a proven equivalent intra-tumor distribution. The short half-life of 18F allows for clean separation of 3H/14C labeled drugs in specimens by dual isotope digital autoradiography. Autoradiographic images of [14C]-gemcitabine, [3H]-capecitabine and [14C]-5-FU were each correlated to [18F]-FAC on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The tumor drug penetration was compared using cumulative histograms. RESULTS Gemcitabine distribution correlated strongly with FAC as expected. 5-FU also gave a similar microdistribution to that of FAC, whereas no correlation was found between capecitabine or its metabolic products and FAC distribution. Accumulation of Gemcitabine and 5-FU was lower in hypoxic regions of the tumor, whereas no such correlation was observed for capecitabine and its metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Gemcitabine and 5-FU target the same regions of the tumor, leaving hypoxic cells untreated. Capecitabine metabolites penetrate further into the tumor but it is yet to be determined whether these metabolites are the active form of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M. Fanchon
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - James Russell
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Isabella O’Donoghue
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Kishore Gangangari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Kenneth H. Yu
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - John L. Humm
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xiao X, Liang S, Zhao Y, Huang D, Xing B, Cheng Z, Lin J. Core-shell structured 5-FU@ZIF-90@ZnO as a biodegradable nanoplatform for synergistic cancer therapy. Nanoscale 2020; 12:3846-3854. [PMID: 31995084 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09869k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High treatment efficiency and low drug toxicity are two key factors in tumor therapy. The development of multifunctional drug carrier systems is of great significance for the diagnosis and therapy of tumors. Herein, a novel biodegradable treatment system based on zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) was designed in this study. This 5-FU@ZIF-90@ZnO (FZZ) drug delivery system achieves synergistic treatment with antineoplastic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and zinc oxide, and also has good dispersibility in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), which enables the drug to achieve pH-controlled delivery in acidic organisms. Interestingly, zinc oxide nanoparticles can play a dual role here. They can prevent the premature leakage of drugs under physiological conditions. Moreover, Zn2+ produced after the decomposition of nanoparticles can act as a therapeutic agent, overcoming the tumor resistance to 5-FU and regulating a series of physiological reactions to inhibit tumor growth. It is worth noting that the porous ZIF-90 is an emerging drug carrier with a relatively high drug loading rate of 39% in this study. Synergistic 5-FU and ZnO nanoparticles have achieved tumor inhibition and have shown high therapeutic biosafety. Thus, the FZZ core-shell nanoparticles are a potential pH-controlled drug release system that can be applied to tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dayu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Ziyong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China. and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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Perez RP, Chen E, Thaddeus Beck J, Shirai K, Neil Hayes D, Shen T, Baldwin JR, Bryant KB, He S, Chin S. Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and safety of cetuximab with cisplatin/carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumor: Result from phase II studies. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00519. [PMID: 31788317 PMCID: PMC6875703 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics and potential drug-drug interactions between cetuximab and cisplatin or carboplatin from two studies (JXBA and JXBB) were evaluated. These studies were multicenter, open-label phase II trials designed to evaluate the drug-drug interactions between cetuximab (400 mg m-2 initial dose) and cisplatin (JXBA; 100 mg m-2) or carboplatin (JXBB; area under the curve [AUC] = 5 mg × min mL-1) with or without 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in patients with advanced solid tumors. Concentrations of cetuximab, cisplatin and carboplatin were determined using analytical methods. The safety and tolerability of cetuximab in combination with cisplatin or carboplatin was also determined in all treated patients. The JXBA study showed that cetuximab serum concentrations were similar when cetuximab was administered alone or in combination with cisplatin. The Cmax, tmax and overall AUC for the cetuximab group (194 µg mL-1, 2.0 hour, 14 900 µg × h mL-1) and the cetuximab and cisplatin combination group (192 µg mL-1, 1.99 hour, 16 300 µg × h mL-1) were similar. The JXBB study showed that mean cetuximab serum concentrations were similar when cetuximab was administered alone or in combination with carboplatin. The Cmax, tmax and overall AUC for the cetuximab group (199 µg mL-1, 1.15 hour, 17 200 µg × h mL-1) and the cetuximab and carboplatin combination group (199 µg mL-1, 3.17 h, 16 800 µg × h mL-1) were similar. Both studies showed that the safety profile was consistent with known side effects of cetuximab, platinum-based therapies and 5-FU. There was no clinically relevant change in cetuximab pharmacokinetics when it was administered in combination with cisplatin or carboplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and HematologyPrincess Margaret HospitalTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | | | - Tong Shen
- Eli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolisINUSA
| | | | | | - Shuang He
- Eli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolisINUSA
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Wattanavises S, Silsirivanit A, Sawanyawisuth K, Cha’on U, Waraasawapati S, Saentaweesuk W, Luang S, Chalermwat C, Wongkham C, Wongkham S. Increase of MAL-II Binding Alpha2,3-Sialylated Glycan Is Associated with 5-FU Resistance and Short Survival of Cholangiocarcinoma Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55120761. [PMID: 31795149 PMCID: PMC6956088 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55120761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Sialylation plays important roles in tumor progression. Our present study aimed to demonstrate the alteration of sialylation and its role in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Materials and Methods: The α2,3- and α2,6-sialylation in CCA tissue was analyzed by lectin-histochemistry using Maackia amurensis lectin-II (MAL-II) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA). CCA cell lines were treated with the pan-sialylation inhibitor 3Fax-peracetyl-Neu5Ac (3F-Sia) followed by proliferation and chemosensitivity assays. Results: MAL-II binding α2,3-Sialylated Glycan (MAL-SG) and SNA binding α2,6-Sialylated Glycan (SNA-SG) were both elevated in CCA compared with hyperplastic/dysplastic (HP/DP) and normal bile ducts (NBD). The positive staining for MAL-SG or SNA-SG were found in 82% (61/74) of the CCA cases. Higher expression of MAL-SG in CCA was associated with shorter survival of the patients. The median survival of patients with high and low MAL-SG were 167 and 308 days, respectively, with overall survival of 233 days, suggesting the involvement of MAL-SG in CCA progression. MAL-SG expression of CCA cell lines was markedly decreased after treatment with 3F-Sia for 48 to 72 h. While proliferation of CCA cells were not affected by 3F-Sia treatment, their susceptibility to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was significantly enhanced. These results suggest that sialylation is involved in the development of 5-FU resistance and the sialylation inhibitor 3F-Sia can be used as a chemosensitizer for CCA. Conclusions: Sialylation is critically involved in the development of chemoresistance of CCA, and sialylation inhibitors may be used as a chemosensitizer in CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiprapa Wattanavises
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.W.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.W.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-43-363-265
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.W.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Ubon Cha’on
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.W.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Sakda Waraasawapati
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Sukanya Luang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.W.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Chalongchai Chalermwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.W.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.W.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.W.); (K.S.); (U.C.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (C.W.); (S.W.)
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
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Song Q, Jia J, Niu X, Zheng C, Zhao H, Sun L, Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. An oral drug delivery system with programmed drug release and imaging properties for orthotopic colon cancer therapy. Nanoscale 2019; 11:15958-15970. [PMID: 31418432 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03802g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery systems (ODDSs) have attracted considerable attention in relation to orthotopic colon cancer therapy due to certain popular advantages. Unfortunately, their clinical applications are generally limited by the side-effects caused by systemic drug exposure and poor real-time monitoring capabilities. Inspired by the characteristics of pH changes of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and specific enzymes secreted by the colonic microflora, we anchored polyacrylic acid (PAA) and chitosan (CS) on Gd3+-doped mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Gd-MHAp NPs) to realize programmed drug release and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the tumor sites. In particular, the grafted PAA, as a pH-responsive switch, could effect controlled drug release in the colon. Further, CS is functionalized as the enzyme-sensitive moiety, which could be degraded by β-glycosidase in the colon. Gadolinium is a paramagnetic lanthanide element used in chelates, working as a contrast medium agent for an MRI system. Interestingly, after oral administration, CS and PAA could protect the drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) against variable physiological conditions in the GIT, allowing the drug to reach the colon tumor sites, preventing premature drug release. Enhanced drug concentrations at the colon tumor sites were achieved via this programmed drug release, which subsequently ameliorated the therapeutic effect. In addition, encapsulating both chemotherapeutic (5-fluorouracil, 5-FU) and targeted therapy drug (gefitinib, Gef) within Gd-MHAp NPs produced a synergistic therapeutic effect. In summary, this study demonstrated that such a novel drug system (Gd-MHAp/5-FU/Gef/CS/PAA NPs) could protect, transport, and program drug release locally within the colonic environment; further, this system exhibited a worthwhile therapeutic effect, providing a promising novel treatment strategy for orthotopic colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Kuriki R, Hata T, Nakayama K, Ito Y, Misawa K, Ito S, Tatematsu M, Kaneda N. Tegafur and 5-fluorouracil levels in tears and changes in tear volume in long-term users of the oral anticancer drug S-1. Nagoya J Med Sci 2019; 81:415-425. [PMID: 31579332 PMCID: PMC6728191 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.81.3.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eye problems are an adverse reaction sometimes found in chemotherapy. Although not life-threatening, they can reduce patients' quality of life. The highest incidence of eye problems is reported for the combination anticancer drug S-1 (tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil), and methods to prevent or treat the eye problems caused by this drug are presently lacking. To determine early detection methods and treatment for adverse ocular reactions, we measured changes in tear volume and levels of tegafur (FT) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an active metabolite of FT, in the tears of patients with long-term use of S-1. A total of 11 patients receiving S-1 monotherapy as adjuvant chemotherapy after gastric cancer surgery were included. Tear volume and FT and 5-FU levels in tears were measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry during a maximum of 8 treatment cycles (48 weeks). For analysis, patients were divided into two groups: "watering eyes" (n=6, complaints of watering eyes at least once during the treatment period) and "no watering eyes" (n=5, no complaints of watering eyes). Both groups exhibited increased FT and 5-FU levels in tears upon initiation of S-1 treatment, and levels rapidly decreased upon discontinuation. Our findings suggest a relationship between FT level in tears and tear volume in patients with long-term S-1 use. The symptom of watering eyes may thus be linked to FT level in tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Kuriki
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hata
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Nakayama
- Division of Nursing, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunari Misawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Surgical Center, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michiko Tatematsu
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Kaneda
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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De Falco V, Natalicchio MI, Napolitano S, Coppola N, Conzo G, Martinelli E, Zanaletti N, Vitale P, Giunta EF, Vietri MT, Vitiello PP, Ciardiello D, Marinaccio A, De Vita F, Ciardiello F, Troiani T. A case report of a severe fluoropyrimidine-related toxicity due to an uncommon DPYD variant. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15759. [PMID: 31124962 PMCID: PMC6571425 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its orally active prodrug, capecitabine, are widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, including colorectal cancer. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) plays an important role in the 5-FU metabolism. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (DPYD) is a highly polymorphic gene with several hundreds of reported genetic variants and DPD activity levels vary considerably among individuals, with different 5-FU-related efficacy and toxicity. About 5% of the population is deficient in DPD enzyme activity. The most well studied DPYD variant is the IVS14+1G>A, also known as DPYD *2A. In this report, we present a case of a patient with a double heterozygote DPYD variant (DPYD activity score: 0,5 according to Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium) who experienced a severe fluoropyrimidine-related toxicity resolved without any consequence. PATIENT CONCERNS A 46-years-old Caucasian man with diagnosis of left colon adenocarcinoma underwent left hemicolectomy on July 2017: pT3 G3 N1c M0. According to the disease stage, he started an adjuvant therapy with XELOX using capecitabine at 50% of total dose, because of his DPYD IVS14+1G>A variant, detected before the treatment. DIAGNOSIS After few days, despite of this dose reduction, he experienced life-threatening adverse events such as mucositis G3, diarrhea G3, neutropenia G4, thrombocytopenia G4, and hyperbilirubinemia G3 according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v 5.0. INTERVENTIONS As first, we set up an intensive rehydration therapy, antibiotic and antifungal prophylaxis, Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors, and supportive blood transfusions. Additional genetic tests revealed a double heterozygote variant of DPYD gene (DPYD IVS14+1G>A and 2846A>T) which is a very rare situation and only 3 cases are described in literature, all of them concluded with patient's death. OUTCOMES After 3 weeks of intensive therapy, the patient was fully recovered. Furthermore, all the whole-body CT scans performed since discharge from the hospital until now, have confirmed no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS Recent studies demonstrated that screening strategy for the most common DPYD variants allowed for avoiding toxicities and saving money. This report underlines the importance of genotyping DPYD before treatment and emphasizes the role of genotype-guided dose individualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo De Falco
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli
| | | | - Stefania Napolitano
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Malattie Infettive, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
| | - Giovanni Conzo
- UOC di Chirurgia Generale ed Oncologica, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli
| | - Nicoletta Zanaletti
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli
| | - Pasquale Vitale
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli
| | - Emilio Francesco Giunta
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- UOC Patologia clinica e molecolare, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, DAI dei Sevizi di laboratorio e Sanità pubblica, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Complesso di S. Andrea delle Dame, Napoli, Italia
| | - Pietro Paolo Vitiello
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli
| | - Anna Marinaccio
- Laboratorio di Biologia Molecolare, Ospedale Riuniti, Foggia, Italia
| | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli
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Sethi A, Ahmad M, Khan WS. High molecular weight cross linked chitosan nanoparticles for controlled release of 5-Fluorouracil; Enhances its bioavailability. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:1137-1143. [PMID: 31303582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of study was cross linking of high molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles containing 5-fluorouracil to improve dissolution rate and ultimately enhance its bioavailability by reverse emulsion/micelles method and cross-linking agent i.e. glutaraldehyde (GA 25% aqueous solution in water). The nature and outer morphologies were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Drug release models were functional to support way from cross linked NPs. Cross linking of 5-fluorouracil with glutaraldehyde improved dissolution rate. Mean dissolution time of 5-fluorouracil decreased significantly upon reverse emulsion/cross linking as encapsulated drug is protective and thermally stable within cross linked chitosan NPs. FTIR studies showed formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between 5-fluorouracil and GA-co-CHNPs. DSC studies indicated a less crystalline state of 5-fluorouracil in cross linking. SEM showed spherical nanoparticles with somewhat rough surface. 5-FU release followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model which indicate diffusion and dissociation control drug release from GA-co-CH-NPs. 5-FU cross linked chitosan nanoparticles can be safe and useful tool for other chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Sethi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicines, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waheed S Khan
- Nanobiotech Group, National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Šuleková M, Váhovská L, Hudák A, Žid L, Zeleňák V. A Study of 5-Fluorouracil Desorption from Mesoporous Silica by RP-UHPLC. Molecules 2019; 24:E1317. [PMID: 30987237 PMCID: PMC6479690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer treatment, the safe delivery of the drug to the target tissue is an important task. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the well-known anticancer drug, was encapsulated into the pores of unmodified mesoporous silica SBA-15, as well as silica modified with 3-aminopropyl and cyclohexyl groups. The drug release studies were performed in two different media, in a simulated gastric fluid (pH = 2) and in a simulated body fluid (pH = 7) by RP-UHPLC. The simple and rapid RP-UHPLC method for quantitative determination of 5-fluorouracil released from unmodified and modified mesoporous silica SBA-15 was established on ODS Hypersil C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) eluted with mobile phase consisted of methanol: phosphate buffer in volume ratio of 3:97 (v/v). Separation was achieved by isocratic elution. The flow rate was kept at 1 mL/min, the injection volume was set at 20 µL and the column oven temperature was maintained at 25 °C. The effluent was monitored at 268 nm. This paper provides information about the quantitative determination of the released 5-FU from silica. It was found out that larger amount of the drug was released in neutral pH in comparison with the acidic medium. In addition, surface functionalisation of silica SBA-15 influences the release properties of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Šuleková
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Lucia Váhovská
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Alexander Hudák
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Lukáš Žid
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, P. J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, SK-041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Vladimír Zeleňák
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, P. J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, SK-041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
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Ghosh C, Nandi A, Basu S. Supramolecular self-assembly of triazine-based small molecules: targeting the endoplasmic reticulum in cancer cells. Nanoscale 2019; 11:3326-3335. [PMID: 30724283 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08682f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most important organelles controlling myriads of cellular functions including protein folding/misfolding/unfolding, calcium ion homeostasis and lipid biosynthesis. Subsequently, due to its functional dysregulation in cancer cells, it has emerged as an interesting target for anti-cancer therapy. However, specific targeting of the ER in cancer cells remains a major challenge due to the lack of ER-selective chemical tools. Furthermore, for performing multiple cellular functions the ER is dependent on the nucleus through complicated cross-talk. Herein, we have engineered a supramolecular self-assembled hexameric rosette structure from two small molecules: tri-substituted triazine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). This rosette structure consists of an ER-targeting moiety with a fluorescence tag, an ER-stress inducer and a nuclear DNA damaging drug simultaneously, which further self-assembled into an ER-targeting spherical nano-scale particle (ER-NP). These ER-NPs internalized into HeLa cervical cancer cells by macropinocytosis and specifically localized into the ER to induce ER stress and DNA damage leading to cell death through apoptosis. Interestingly, ER-NPs initiated autophagy, inhibited by a combination of ER-NPs and chloroquine (CQ) to augment cancer cell death. This work has the potential to exploit the concept of supramolecular self-assembly into developing novel nano-scale materials for specific sub-cellular targeting of multiple organelles for future anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramouli Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
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15
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Wen Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zou M, Yan D, Chen D, Zhao Y. A responsive porous hydrogel particle-based delivery system for oncotherapy. Nanoscale 2019; 11:2687-2693. [PMID: 30693935 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the malignant cancers that seriously threatens human health. Although some common treatments including chemotherapy have been applied in oncotherapy, there are often serious shortcomings such as frequent and uncontrollable drug infusion. To overcome these limitations, here, we introduced responsive porous hydrogel microparticles loaded with 5-fluorouracil and metformin for oncotherapy. Because of the interconnected porous structures, various forms of active molecules could be loaded into the particles. In addition, the relatively higher temperature of the tumor site and the temperature-responsive shape transition of pNIPAM hydrogel enabled controllable drug release. The porous pNIPAM particles not only exhibited large loading efficiency and sustained release for the 5-fluorouracil and metformin co-delivery, but also protected drugs from being resolved. Thus, it can be anticipated that the porous microparticles will have great potential in oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China. and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Minhan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Dingding Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China. and State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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16
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Safwat MA, Soliman GM, Sayed D, Attia MA. Fluorouracil-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Skin Cancer: Development, in Vitro Characterization, and in Vivo Evaluation in a Mouse Skin Cancer Xenograft Model. Mol Pharm 2018. [PMID: 29701979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00047/asset/images/medium/mp-2018-00047a_0009.gif] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite drug used in the treatment of various malignancies, such as colon and skin cancers. However, its systemic administration results in severe side effects. Topical 5-FU delivery for the treatment of skin cancer could circumvent these shortcomings, but it is limited by the drug poor permeability through the skin. To enhance 5-FU efficacy against skin cancer and reduce its systemic side effects, it was loaded into a gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based topical delivery system. 5-FU was loaded onto GNPs capped with CTAB through ionic interactions between 5-FU and CTAB. GNPs were prepared at different 5-FU/CTAB molar ratios and evaluated using different techniques. GNP stability and drug release were studied as a function of salt concentration and solution pH. Optimum 5-FU/CTAB-GNPs were incorporated into gel and cream bases, and their ex vivo permeability was evaluated in mice dorsal skin. The in vivo anticancer efficacy of the same preparations was evaluated in A431 tumor-bearing mice. The GNPs had spherical shape and a size of ∼16-150 nm. Maximum 5-FU entrapment was achieved at 5-FU/CTAB molar ratio of 1:1 and pH 11.5. Drug release from GNPs was sustained and pH-dependent. 5-FU GNP gel and cream had around 2-fold higher permeability through mice skin compared with free 5-FU gel and cream formulations. Further, in vivo studies in a mouse model having A431 skin cancer cells implanted in the subcutaneous space showed that the GNP gel and cream achieved 6.8- and 18.4-fold lower tumor volume compared with the untreated control, respectively. These results confirm the potential of topical 5-FU/CTAB-GNPs to enhance drug efficacy against skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Safwat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , South Valley University , Qena 83523 , Egypt
| | - Ghareb M Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Tabuk , Tabuk , Saudi Arabia
| | - Douaa Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute , Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Assiut University , Assiut 71526 , Egypt
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Abstract
Aims and background Doxifluridine is a new fluoropyrimidine that has excellent absorption by the gastrointestinal tract when given orally. The aim of the study was to determine the disposition of doxifluridine and fluorouracil when the former is given orally for 5 days and to assess whether their pharmacokinetics are influenced by demographic or biologic parameters. Methods and study design Twenty colorectal cancer patients received levo-leucovorin, 25 mg orally on days 1–5, followed 2 hrs later by doxifluridine, 1200 mg/m2; the cycle was repeated every 10 days. Doxifluridine and fluorouracil levels were measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography during the first cycle of therapy. The lowest dose given over the first 24 hrs was 1750 mg and the highest was 2500 mg. Results The distribution of doxifluridine parameters remained the same between days 1 and 5, with an AUC that ranged between 72.2 and 74.5 mmol h/l and a C max that remained in a narrow band of 67.1 to 68.3 mmol/l. In contrast, the variability of fluorouracil parameters increased from day 1 to day 5, with an AUC of respectively 5.46 and 7.52 mmol h/l and a C max that increased from 5.81 on day 1 to 7.34 mmol/l on day 5. A significant correlation between the AUC of doxifluridine and fluorouracil was found on day 1 and on day 5 (P <0.001). None of the demographic or biologic parameters considered was significantly related to pharmacokinetic parameters. Fluorouracil levels remained low in comparison with levels measured after classical fluorouracil therapy, although detectable for a longer time. Conclusions A large interpatient pharmacokinetic variability was observed without any significant correlation with the clinical parameters studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Zampino
- Division of Medical Oncology B, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Tsavaris N, Kosmas C, Polyzos A, Genatas K, Vadiaka M, Paliaros P, Dimitrakopoulos A, Rokana S, Karatzas G, Vachiotis P, Fotiadis K. Leucovorin + 5-Fluorouracil plus Dipyridamole in Leucovorin + 5-Fluorouracil-Pretreated Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Study of Three Different Dipyridamole Regimens. Tumori 2018; 87:303-7. [PMID: 11765178 DOI: 10.1177/030089160108700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dipyridamole, an inhibitor of nucleoside transport, increases the activity of 5-fluorouracil in a dose-dependent manner. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether dipyridamole with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin gave an improved therapeutic outcome. Sixty patients entered in the present pilot study had previously received 5-fluorouracil (450 mg/m2) and leucovorin (100 mg/m2), every week, and relapsed during this treatment, which ended at least 6 weeks prior to study entry. Dipyridamole was administered at three different dosing schedules (DS) and methods of administration in three groups of patients. DS I: dipyridamole, 30 mg/m2 in normal saline solution, in 90 min iv infusion, followed by leucovorin, 100 mg/m2 iv push, followed by 5-fluorouracil, 450 mg/m2 in normal saline solution, in 60 min iv infusion, dipyridamole tablets (75 mg) every 12 hrs, continuously during the time of chemotherapy. DS II: dipyridamole, 50 mg/m2 in normal saline solution, in 90 min iv infusion, and the rest was the same as DS I. DS III: without oral dipyridamole, patients received dipyridamole (50 mg/m2) iv in the same manner as in DS I and II. Treatment was continued until tumor progression or unacceptable toxicity. All patients (n = 60) entered in the present study were assessable for response and toxicity. No complete response was observed. No patient at DS I responded, whereas 2 patients at DS II and 3 at DS III had a partial response (P <0.1). Stable disease was found with DS I (n = 1), DS II (n = 8) and DS III (n = 9) (P <0.01). More patients progressed at DS I (n = 19) than at DS II (n = 10) and DS III (n = 8) (P <0.0007). The median duration of response was 11 weeks (range, 8-16). Time to progression was 17 weeks for DS I, 15 weeks (range, 10-19) for DS II, and 14 weeks (range, 11-21) for DS III (P = 0.43). Median survival did not differ significantly between DS I (29 weeks; range, 14-48), DS II (31.5 weeks; range, 17-63) and DS III (36 weeks; range, 16-58) (P = 0.2). Neutropenia was most severe with DS I (grade 2, P <0.01) and DS II (grade 1, P <0.05) and nausea/vomiting with DS I (grade 0, P < 0.0005, grade 1, P <0.0002, grade 2, P <0.02) and DS III (grade 3, P <0.0009). Diarrhea was most severe in DS II (grade 3, P <0.005). Mucositis was increased in DS II (grade 0, P <0.008), anorexia in DS II (grade 0, P <0.032) and fatigue in DS I (grade 0, P <0.003). More patients in DS I than with the other two DS experienced headache (P <0.044). According to the response achieved at DS III (15% partial response and 45% stable disease) and the toxicity which was well tolerated mainly in this DS (except for nausea and vomiting grade 3, P <0.009), it can be stated that DS III is the appropriate dose and the simplest schedule of administration (administration of dipyridamole during therapy only). In conclusion, it appears that dipyridamole might still have a role in enhancing the clinical activity of drugs involved in the inhibition of the thymidylate synthetase biochemical pathway and its activity in combination with these agents (5-fluorouracil + leucovorin) as frontline treatment should therefore be explored in future phase II studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tsavaris
- Department of Pathophysiology Oncologic Unit, University of Athens, School of Medicine, Laiko Hospital Athens, Greece.
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Liu JH, Cheng YY, Hsieh CH, Tsai TH. The Herb-Drug Pharmacokinetic Interaction of 5-Fluorouracil and Its Metabolite 5-Fluoro-5,6-Dihydrouracil with a Traditional Chinese Medicine in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010025. [PMID: 29295501 PMCID: PMC5795976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Xiang-Sha-Liu-Jun-Zi-Tang (XSLJZT) is the most common traditional formula given to colorectal and breast cancer patients in Taiwan, according to a statistical study of the National Health Insurance Research Database. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used as the first line of treatment for colorectal cancer. Thus, the aim of study is to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction of XSLJZT and 5-FU. Methods: To investigate the herb–drug interaction of XSLJZT with 5-FU as well as its metabolite 5-fluoro-5,6-dihydrouracil (5-FDHU) using pharmacokinetics, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system coupled with a photodiode array detector was developed to monitor 5-FU and 5-FDHU levels in rat blood. Rats were divided into three cohorts, one of which was administered 5-FU (100 mg/kg, iv—intravenous) alone, while the other two groups were pretreated with low and high doses of XSLJZT (600 mg/kg/day or 2400 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days) in combination with 5-FU. Results: The results demonstrated that 5-FU level was not significantly different between the group treated with only 5-FU and the group pretreated with a normal dose of XSLJZT (600 mg/kg/day). However, pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that pretreatment with a high dose of XSLJZT (2400 mg/kg/day) extended the residence time and increased the volume of distribution of 5-FU. No significant distinctions were found in 5-FDHU pharmacokinetic parameters at three doses of XSLJZT. Conclusions: Overall, the pharmacokinetic results confirm the safety of coadministering 5-FU with XSLJZT, and provide practical dosage information for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Han Liu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Hsi Hsieh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei 220, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan.
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20
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Lévi F, Karaboué A, Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Paintaud G, Focan C, Innominato P, Bouchahda M, Milano G, Chatelut E. Pharmacokinetics of Irinotecan, Oxaliplatin and 5-Fluorouracil During Hepatic Artery Chronomodulated Infusion: A Translational European OPTILIV Study. Clin Pharmacokinet 2017; 56:165-177. [PMID: 27393140 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-016-0431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of hepatic artery infusion (HAI) of irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin with intravenous cetuximab has safely achieved prolonged survival in colorectal cancer patients with extensive liver metastases and prior treatment. Systemic exposure to the drugs or their main metabolites was determined during the first course of chronomodulated triplet HAI in 11 patients and related to toxicities after one or three courses. Consistent trends were found between the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) values of irinotecan, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38; a bioactive metabolite), total oxaliplatin and platinum ultrafiltrate (P-UF), on the one hand, and subsequent leukopenia severity, on the other hand. Moreover, the maximum plasma concentration (C max) and the AUC of P-UF significantly predicted grades of diarrhoea (p = 0.004 and 0.017, respectively) and anaemia (p = 0.001 and 0.008, respectively) after the first course. Systemic drug exposure helps explain both the adverse events and the low rate of extrahepatic progression-a usual drawback of HAI chemotherapy-thus supporting upfront testing of the regimen. Systems optimization of chronomodulated HAI delivery could further reduce adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Lévi
- INSERM, UMRS 935, Team «Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver Function», Campus CNRS, 7 rue Guy Môquet, Villejuif, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Medical Oncology Department, Hepatobiliary Centre, and Radiology Department, Paul Brousse Hospital, 14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Villejuif, France.
- Cancer Chronotherapy Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Abdoulaye Karaboué
- INSERM, UMRS 935, Team «Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver Function», Campus CNRS, 7 rue Guy Môquet, Villejuif, France
- AK-SCIENCE, Research and Therapeutic Innovation, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Gilles Paintaud
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, GICC UMR 7292, CHRU de Tours, Service de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Tours, France
| | - Christian Focan
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Chrétien, Clinique Saint-Joseph, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pasquale Innominato
- INSERM, UMRS 935, Team «Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver Function», Campus CNRS, 7 rue Guy Môquet, Villejuif, France
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Medical Oncology Department, Hepatobiliary Centre, and Radiology Department, Paul Brousse Hospital, 14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Villejuif, France
- Cancer Chronotherapy Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Mohamed Bouchahda
- INSERM, UMRS 935, Team «Cancer Chronotherapy and Postoperative Liver Function», Campus CNRS, 7 rue Guy Môquet, Villejuif, France
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Medical Oncology Department, Hepatobiliary Centre, and Radiology Department, Paul Brousse Hospital, 14 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Villejuif, France
| | - Gérard Milano
- Laboratory of Oncopharmacology, Antoine Lacassagne Centre, Nice, France
| | - Etienne Chatelut
- Institut Claudius-Regaud, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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21
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Basargan T, Erdol-Aydin N, Nasun-Saygili G. Hydroxyapatite-chitosan biocomposites synthesized in the simulated body fluid and their drug loading studies. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2017; 28:180. [PMID: 28986683 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioceramic applied in the biomedical areas, such as matrices for drug release control. Chitosan (CTS), a natural polymer, is another material has been widely investigated for its potential use in the drug delivery systems. In this study, the composites of HAp-CTS are produced in order to investigate their drug loading and release studies. First of all, HAp-CTS composites are produced in the presence of simulated body fluid (SBF). Analysis confirmed the structure of HAp-CTS composites. Secondly, composites are encapsulated with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). The weight ratio of CTS is varied to realize its effect on drug loading of 5-Fluorouracil, a cancer drug, for the ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 of HAp-CTS. The weight ratio giving the greatest drug load efficiency is selected for the last step of the study. Crosslinking agent, glutaraldehyde, are changed from 0 to 5% on the selected sample, then, drug loading is examined again in various environment owing different pH. Furthermore, drug release studies are conducted. To understand the structure and morphology of the samples, XRD, FTIR, SEM and Uv-Spectrum are applied. It is observed that weight ratio of polymer and crosslinking agent can be manipulated to adjust drug loading. Release kinetics are shown the Fickian diffusion. This new produced material can be applicable for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Basargan
- Chemical Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, ITU Ayazaga Kampusu, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
| | - Nalan Erdol-Aydin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, ITU Ayazaga Kampusu, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Gulhayat Nasun-Saygili
- Chemical Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, ITU Ayazaga Kampusu, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
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22
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Sharif QUA, Sohail M, Ahmad M, Usman Minhas M, Khan S, Khan S, Kousar M. Novel polymeric composites based on carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(acrylic acid): in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2017; 28:147. [PMID: 28823104 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to develop a novel, efficient, stable, chemically crosslinked polymeric system that have pH responsive behaviour and can effectively release 5-FU in a controlled manner. Furthermore it can target colonic cancer minimizing the side effects of in vivo chemotherapy via 5-FU. Swelling and drug release studies were performed to evaluate its in vitro release behaviour. Hydrogels were also characterized by FTIR, SEM and DSC. In vitro cytocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the hydrogels were determined by MTT assay using HeLa cells. Developed hydrogels were then administered to rabbits orally to evaluate its pharmacokinetic behaviour in vivo. Maximum swelling, drug loading and release were observed at pH 7.4. Similarly maximum absorption was achieved at pH 7.4 in rabbits. It is concluded that CMC-co-poly(AA) have a great potential to be used for controlled drug delivery and colonic targeting for the delivery for various anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurat-Ul-Ain Sharif
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Mahmood Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Minhas
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mubeen Kousar
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
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23
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Bashir S, Teo YY, Naeem S, Ramesh S, Ramesh K. pH responsive N-succinyl chitosan/Poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels and in vitro release of 5-fluorouracil. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179250. [PMID: 28678803 PMCID: PMC5497947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been significant progress in the last few decades in addressing the biomedical applications of polymer hydrogels. Particularly, stimuli responsive hydrogels have been inspected as elegant drug delivery systems capable to deliver at the appropriate site of action within the specific time. The present work describes the synthesis of pH responsive semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) hydrogels of N-succinyl-chitosan (NSC) via Schiff base mechanism using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent and Poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)(Poly (AAm-co-AA)) was embedded within the N-succinyl chitosan network. The physico-chemical interactions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The synthesized hydrogels constitute porous structure. The swelling ability was analyzed in physiological mediums of pH 7.4 and pH 1.2 at 37°C. Swelling properties of formulations with various amounts of NSC/ Poly (AAm-co-AA) and crosslinking agent at pH 7.4 and pH 1.2 were investigated. Hydrogels showed higher swelling ratios at pH 7.4 while lower at pH 1.2. Swelling kinetics and diffusion parameters were also determined. Drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) from the synthesized hydrogels were observed. In vitro release profile revealed the significant influence of pH, amount of NSC, Poly (AAm-co-AA), and crosslinking agent on the release of 5-FU. Accordingly, rapid and large release of drug was observed at pH 7.4 than at pH 1.2. The maximum encapsulation efficiency and release of 5-FU from SP2 were found to be 72.45% and 85.99%, respectively. Kinetics of drug release suggested controlled release mechanism of 5-FU is according to trend of non-Fickian. From the above results, it can be concluded that the synthesized hydrogels have capability to adapt their potential exploitation as targeted oral drug delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Bashir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sumaira Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S. Ramesh
- Centre of Ionics University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K. Ramesh
- Centre of Ionics University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nasir B, Muhammad Ranjha N, Hanif M, Abbas G. REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF 5-FLUOROURACIL IN RABBIT PLASMA. Acta Pol Pharm 2017; 74:379-383. [PMID: 29624242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple, efficient, accurate and selective HPLC method has been developed and validated successfully for the estimation of 5-fluorouracil in rabbit plasma. The drug was eluted by using Supelco C18 column (1.5 cm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (20: 80, v/v) by adjusting pH at 3.2, using perchloric acid solution. The retention time was found to be 4.107 with a flow rate of I mL/min. Multiple validation parameters evaluated with high accuracy indicating that the current method sufficiently qualifies the recommended criteria. Regression value obtained from linearity curve was R² = 0.999 and percentage recovery obtained was ranged from 96.6 to 102.5%. A fine response in short run time with perfect resolution made the method highly suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.
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25
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Fang L, Jiang Y, Yang Y, Zheng Y, Zheng J, Jiang H, Zhang S, Lin L, Zheng J, Zhang S, Zhuang X. Determining the optimal 5-FU therapeutic dosage in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 7:81880-81887. [PMID: 27636992 PMCID: PMC5348438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been wildly used as a primary medication in the treatment of solid tumors including colorectal cancer. The treatment efficacy and toxicity of 5-FU varies greatly among individuals, suggesting a need for individualized regimen for cancer patients. The present study analyzed the blood concentration of 5-FU and its therapeutic efficacy and toxicity, evaluated the relationship of AUC (area under the plasma concentration-time curve), and the protein expression of DPD (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase) and TS (thymidylate synthetase), and therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. It was found that the AUC of 5-FU was 34.16±14.83mgmg·h/L in this cohort of study. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed 38.96% and 81.82% positive staining for DPD and TS in colorectal cancer tissues, respectively. We demonstrated that the expression of TS is positively correlated with the expression of DPD. There was a positive correlation between AUC and therapeutic efficacy, and gastrointestinal tract and neural toxicity. The expression of neither DPD nor TS had significant correlations with therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Based on the blood 5-FU concentration and its relationship with treatment efficacy and toxicity, we determined an optimal therapeutic dosage of 5-FU to be equivalent to an AUC=28.03-38.94mgmg·h/L. Our study will be helpful in providing an individualized medical regimen for the treatment of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fang
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Digestive Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxian Yang
- Digestive Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqiong Zheng
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Digestive Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Radiology department, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengqi Zhang
- Digestive Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifang Lin
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieting Zheng
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhuang
- Digestive Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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26
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Kobuchi S, Hayashi A, Taniguchi M, Ito Y, Tamura T, Sakaeda T. Effects of a bolus injection of 5-fluorouracil on dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in rats receiving continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:517-23. [PMID: 27417318 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The options for improving the chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of bolus plus infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) include omitting the 5-FU bolus injection. We examined the effects of a 5-FU bolus injection on the activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of 5-FU catabolism, in rats. METHODS The rats were divided into three groups, and then continuous infusion (50 mg/m(2)/h) for 4 h was started with a bolus injection of saline, 20 mg/kg 5-FU, or 60 mg/kg 5-FU. Plasma 5-FU, uracil (Ura), dihydrouracil (UH2) levels, and hepatic DPD activity were determined after administration of 5-FU. RESULTS The half-life after the end of the infusion (t 1/2, 4-8 h) of 5-FU in the rats given the bolus injection was significantly longer than in those that had been given saline, and it increased with increasing 5-FU bolus injection dosage (r = 0.801, p < 0.01). The plasma UH2/Ura ratio, an indirect biomarker of hepatic DPD activity, tended to be lower in the rats that had received a 5-FU bolus injection than in those that had not, and it remained low after infusion ended. The hepatic DPD activity in rats that had received a 5-FU bolus injection was significantly lower than in those that had not. Negative correlation was observed between DPD activity and bolus injection dosage (r = -0.691, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A bolus injection suppresses hepatic DPD activity and its effects are dependent on dosage, resulting in slower elimination of 5-FU from the blood and contributing to long-term systemic exposure to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kobuchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Asuka Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Mayu Taniguchi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yukako Ito
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takao Tamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
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Booka E, Imamura CK, Takeuchi H, Hamamoto Y, Gomi D, Mizukami T, Ichiyama T, Tateishi K, Takahashi T, Kawakubo H, Soejima K, Boku N, Tanigawara Y, Kitagawa Y. Development of an S-1 dosage formula based on renal function by a prospective pharmacokinetic study. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:876-86. [PMID: 26304171 PMCID: PMC4906077 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-1 is an oral anticancer drug, containing tegafur (a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, 5-FU), 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, and potassium oxonate. As renal dysfunction is known to increase exposure of 5-FU following S-1 administration, the incidence of severe adverse reactions is increased in patients with impaired renal function. However, no reliable information on its dose modification for patients with renal dysfunction has been provided. METHODS We conducted a prospective pharmacokinetic study to develop an S-1 dosage formula based on renal function. Sixteen cancer patients with various degrees of renal function received a single dose of S-1 at 40 mg/m(2). A series of blood samples were collected at predefined times within 24 h to assess the plasma concentration profiles of 5-FU, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine, and tegafur. A mathematical model for the relationship between renal function and exposure of 5-FU was constructed by a population pharmacokinetic analysis. RESULTS The clearance of 5-FU following S-1 administration was related to body surface area and creatinine clearance in the range 15.9-108.8 mL/min as estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation. The S-1 dosage formula was derived as follows:[Formula: see text]where AUC is the area under the concentration-time curve, CLcr is creatinine clearance, and BSA is body surface area. The recommended daily doses of S-1 in Asia and Europe were also proposed as nomograms according to exposure matching to the previously reported area under the concentration-time curve of 5-FU, which confirmed the efficacy and toxicity in pivotal registration studies. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a novel formula for determining the S-1 dosage on the basis of renal function. Further validation is needed to confirm the formula for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Booka
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Chiyo K Imamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hamamoto
- Keio Cancer Center, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Gomi
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Therapy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takuro Mizukami
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Ichiyama
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tateishi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Keio Cancer Center, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenzo Soejima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanigawara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Keio Cancer Center, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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28
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Matus-Santos JA, Aguilar-Ponce JL, Lara-Medina FU, Herrera-Gómez Á, Meneses-García A, López-Gamboa M. [Review of pharmacokinetic monitoring of 5-Fluorouracil as a tool to increase efficacy and safety]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2016; 54:354-362. [PMID: 27100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in medical knowledge has indicated that both clinical and biological markers will determine the response to different medical treatments: age, gender and genetics will determine the success of treatment. Genetic variability in this respect is fundamental and determines efficiency and safety of drugs, as well as susceptibility and illness' development. Fortunately, personalized medicine now offers individually tailored treatment strategies for each patient's needs. This is of outmost importance in oncology, since treatment is per se toxic and the commonly found low serum drug concentrations result in low treatment efficacy. Personalized medicine will allow a better approach to this, until now, a poorly managed disease. In this review we intent to raise awareness of personalized medicine and of clinical pharmacologic monitoring, with the aim to achieve adequate levels of efficacy and safety in the use of the cytotoxic drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Additionally, the importance of pharmacogenomics for the use of 5-FU is discussed. We designed this discussion towards medical practitioners challenged with treatment decisions every day, together with their patients.
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29
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Chen J, Zhang B, Xia F, Xie Y, Jiang S, Su R, Lu Y, Wu W. Transmembrane delivery of anticancer drugs through self-assembly of cyclic peptide nanotubes. Nanoscale 2016; 8:7127-7136. [PMID: 26964879 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06804e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Breaking the natural barriers of cell membranes achieves fast entry of therapeutics, which leads to enhanced efficacy and helps overcome multiple drug resistance. Herein, transmembrane delivery of a series of small molecule anticancer drugs was achieved by the construction of artificial transmembrane nanochannels formed by self-assembly of cyclic peptide (cyclo[Gln-(d-Leu-Trp)4-d-Leu], CP) nanotubes (CPNTs) in the lipid bilayers. Our in vitro study in liposomes indicated that the transport of molecules with sizes smaller than 1.0 nm, which is the internal diameter of the CPNTs, could be significantly enhanced by CPNTs in a size-selective and dose-dependent manner. Facilitated uptake of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was also confirmed in the BEL7402 cell line. On the contrary, CPs could facilitate neither the transport across liposomal membranes nor the uptake by cell lines of cytarabine, a counterevidence drug with a size of 1.1 nm. CPs had a very weak anticancer efficacy, but could significantly reduce the IC50 of 5-FU in BEL7402, HeLa and S180 cell lines. Analysis by a q test revealed that a combination of 5-FU and CP had a synergistic effect in BEL7402 at all CP levels, in S180 at CP levels higher than 64 μg mL(-1), but not in HeLa, where an additive effect was observed. Temporarily, intratumoral injection is believed to be the best way for CP administration. In vivo imaging using (125)I radio-labelled CP confirmed that CPNPTs were completely localized in the tumor tissues, and translocation to other tissues was negligible. In vivo anticancer efficacy was studied in the grafted S180 solid tumor model in mice, and the results indicated that tumor growth was greatly inhibited by the combinatory use of 5-FU and CP, and a synergistic effect was observed at CP doses of 0.25 mg per kg bw. It is concluded that facilitated transmembrane delivery of anticancer drugs with sizes smaller than 1.0 nm was achieved, and the synergistic anticancer effect was confirmed both in cell lines and in vivo through the combinatory use of 5-FU and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Bei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fei Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yunchang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Sifan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Rui Su
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Meulendijks D, Henricks LM, Sonke GS, Deenen MJ, Froehlich TK, Amstutz U, Largiadèr CR, Jennings BA, Marinaki AM, Sanderson JD, Kleibl Z, Kleiblova P, Schwab M, Zanger UM, Palles C, Tomlinson I, Gross E, van Kuilenburg ABP, Punt CJA, Koopman M, Beijnen JH, Cats A, Schellens JHM. Clinical relevance of DPYD variants c.1679T>G, c.1236G>A/HapB3, and c.1601G>A as predictors of severe fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:1639-50. [PMID: 26603945 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The best-known cause of intolerance to fluoropyrimidines is dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency, which can result from deleterious polymorphisms in the gene encoding DPD (DPYD), including DPYD*2A and c.2846A>T. Three other variants-DPYD c.1679T>G, c.1236G>A/HapB3, and c.1601G>A-have been associated with DPD deficiency, but no definitive evidence for the clinical validity of these variants is available. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the clinical validity of c.1679T>G, c.1236G>A/HapB3, and c.1601G>A as predictors of severe fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity. METHODS We did a systematic review of the literature published before Dec 17, 2014, to identify cohort studies investigating associations between DPYD c.1679T>G, c.1236G>A/HapB3, and c.1601G>A and severe (grade ≥3) fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity in patients treated with fluoropyrimidines (fluorouracil, capecitabine, or tegafur-uracil as single agents, in combination with other anticancer drugs, or with radiotherapy). Individual patient data were retrieved and analysed in a multivariable analysis to obtain an adjusted relative risk (RR). Effect estimates were pooled by use of a random-effects meta-analysis. The threshold for significance was set at a p value of less than 0·0167 (Bonferroni correction). FINDINGS 7365 patients from eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. DPYD c.1679T>G was significantly associated with fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity (adjusted RR 4·40, 95% CI 2·08-9·30, p<0·0001), as was c.1236G>A/HapB3 (1·59, 1·29-1·97, p<0·0001). The association between c.1601G>A and fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity was not significant (adjusted RR 1·52, 95% CI 0·86-2·70, p=0·15). Analysis of individual types of toxicity showed consistent associations of c.1679T>G and c.1236G>A/HapB3 with gastrointestinal toxicity (adjusted RR 5·72, 95% CI 1·40-23·33, p=0·015; and 2·04, 1·49-2·78, p<0·0001, respectively) and haematological toxicity (adjusted RR 9·76, 95% CI 3·03-31·48, p=0·00014; and 2·07, 1·17-3·68, p=0·013, respectively), but not with hand-foot syndrome. DPYD*2A and c.2846A>T were also significantly associated with severe fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity (adjusted RR 2·85, 95% CI 1·75-4·62, p<0·0001; and 3·02, 2·22-4·10, p<0·0001, respectively). INTERPRETATION DPYD variants c.1679T>G and c.1236G>A/HapB3 are clinically relevant predictors of fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity. Upfront screening for these variants, in addition to the established variants DPYD*2A and c.2846A>T, is recommended to improve the safety of patients with cancer treated with fluoropyrimidines. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Meulendijks
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda M Henricks
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabe S Sonke
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten J Deenen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja K Froehlich
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Amstutz
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlo R Largiadèr
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claire Palles
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eva Gross
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - André B P van Kuilenburg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J A Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Koopman
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Cats
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Wright KD, Daryani VM, Turner DC, Onar-Thomas A, Boulos N, Orr BA, Gilbertson RJ, Stewart CF, Gajjar A. Phase I study of 5-fluorouracil in children and young adults with recurrent ependymoma. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1620-7. [PMID: 26541630 PMCID: PMC4633933 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a phase I study to examine the pharmacokinetics, safety, and recommended dosage of weekly intravenous bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in children and young adults with recurrent ependymoma. METHODS Patients 22 years of age or less with recurrent ependymoma were treated with bolus dosage 5-FU weekly for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week rest period, defining one cycle. Patients could continue on therapy for 16 cycles. The starting 5-FU dosage was 500 mg/m(2). Dose-limiting toxicity was determined after one cycle. Patients were initially enrolled according to a rolling-6 design; subsequent dose re-escalation phase was based on a 3 + 3 design. RESULTS We treated patients at 400 (n = 6), 500 (n = 15), and 650 (n = 5) mg/m(2), with de-escalation due to toxicity. Twenty-three of twenty-six patients enrolled were evaluable. Five patients experienced grade 4 neutropenia (n = 2: 650 mg/m(2); n = 3: 500 mg/m(2)). One patient experienced grade 3 diarrhea. At 500 mg/m(2), the median 5-FU maximal concentration, AUC0-∞, and alpha half-life were 825 µM, 205 µM × h, and 9.9 min, respectively. Interim analysis revealed an association between hematologic toxicity and prior number of chemotherapeutic regimens (P = .03). The study was amended to re-escalate the dosage in a less heavily pretreated cohort of patients. CONCLUSIONS These phase I clinical data provide initial pharmacokinetic parameters to describe i.v. bolus 5-FU disposition in children with recurrent ependymoma. Tumor exposures effective in preclinical testing can be achieved with tolerable bolus dosages in patients. Bolus 5-FU is well tolerated and possesses antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Wright
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Vinay M Daryani
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - David C Turner
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Arzu Onar-Thomas
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Nidal Boulos
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Brent A Orr
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Richard J Gilbertson
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
| | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.D.W., R.J.G., A.G.); Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (V.M.D., D.C.T., C.F.S); Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (A.O.-T.); Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (N.B., R.J.G.); Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (B.A.O.)
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Gómez-Sotomayor R, Ahualli S, Viota JL, Rudzka K, Delgado AV. Iron/Magnetite Nanoparticles as Magnetic Delivery Systems for Antitumor Drugs. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:3507-3514. [PMID: 26504970 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.9856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigate on the possible use of a new kind of magnetic nanostructures as drug delivery systems for anticancer drugs. The starting particles are formed by an inner core of iron, coated by magnetite as a stabilizing, magnetic layer. These units are further coated by a poly(ethylenglycol) (PEG) layer to make them less prone to the attack by macrophages and to favour longer stays in the blood stream. The resulting particles consist of several magnetic cores encapsulated by a polymer layer around 5 nm thick. The crystal structure of the designed nanostructures, as determined by X-ray powder diffraction, is compatible with a crystalline magnetite component, whereas the magnetization hysteresis data indicate a superparamagnetic behavior. Both the initial susceptibility and the saturation magnetization are lower than for the bare magnetic cores, but still significant. Drug adsorption and release tests were performed on two anticancer drugs, namely 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin. Both are found to adsorb on the particles, but only the latter appears to be released at a reasonable rate, which is found to be very slow for 5-fluorouracil.
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Derissen EJB, Hillebrand MJX, Rosing H, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH. Development of an LC-MS/MS assay for the quantitative determination of the intracellular 5-fluorouracil nucleotides responsible for the anticancer effect of 5-fluorouracil. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 110:58-66. [PMID: 25804433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and its oral prodrug capecitabine are among the most widely used chemotherapeutics. For cytotoxic activity, 5-FU requires cellular uptake and intracellular metabolic activation. Three intracellular formed metabolites are responsible for the antineoplastic effect of 5-FU: 5-fluorouridine 5'-triphosphate (FUTP), 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (FdUTP) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (FdUMP). In this paper, we describe the development of an LC-MS/MS assay for quantification of these active 5-FU nucleotides in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Because the intracellular 5-FU nucleotide concentrations were very low, maximization of the release from the cell matrix and minimization of interference were critical factors. Therefore, a series of experiments was performed to select the best method for cell lysis and nucleotide extraction. Chromatography was optimized to obtain separation from endogenous nucleotides, and the effect of different cell numbers was examined. The assay was validated for the following concentration ranges in PBMC lysate: 0.488-19.9 nM for FUTP, 1.66-67.7 nM for FdUTP and 0.748-30.7 nM for FdUMP. Accuracies were between -2.2 and 7.0% deviation for all analytes, and the coefficient of variation values were ≤ 4.9%. The assay was successfully applied to quantify 5-FU nucleotides in PBMC samples from patients treated with capecitabine and patients receiving 5-FU intravenously. FUTP amounts up to 3054 fmol/10(6) PBMCs and FdUMP levels up to 169 fmol/10(6) PBMCs were measured. The FdUTP concentrations were below the lower limit of quantification. To our knowledge, this is the first time that 5-FU nucleotides were quantified in cells from patients treated with 5-FU or capecitabine without using a radiolabel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J B Derissen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michel J X Hillebrand
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Science Faculty, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmaco-epidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Science Faculty, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmaco-epidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The study was aimed at investigating localized topical drug delivery to the breast via mammary papilla (nipple). 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and estradiol (EST) were used as model hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds respectively. Porcine and human nipple were used for in-vitro penetration studies. The removal of keratin plug enhanced the drug transport through the nipple. The drug penetration was significantly higher through the nipple compared to breast skin. The drug’s lipophilicity had a significant influence on drug penetration through nipple. The ducts in the nipple served as a major transport pathway to the underlying breast tissue. Results showed that porcine nipple could be a potential model for human nipple. The topical application of 5-FU on the rat nipple resulted in high drug concentration in the breast and minimal drug levels in plasma and other organs. Overall, the findings from this study demonstrate the feasibility of localized drug delivery to the breast through nipple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushalkumar Dave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, United States of America
| | - Ranjith Averineni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, United States of America
| | - Preety Sahdev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, United States of America
| | - Omathanu Perumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Stashkevych M, Khomutov E, Dumanskiy Y, Matviyenko A, Zinkovych I. The influence of 5-fluorouracil on activity of thymidine phosphorylase in gastric adenocarcinoma and normal adjacent tissue. Exp Oncol 2014; 36:267-270. [PMID: 25537222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of the present study was to evaluate the change of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) activity in gastric adenocarcinoma and adjacent tissue upon the intraarterial administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Matherials and methods: The specimens of tumor and adjacent tissue were obtained by surgical operation on 36 patients (20 men and 16 women aged from 38 to 82 years) with gastric adenocarcinoma (stages II-IV). 5-FU was administered in the bolus dose to the gastroepiploic artery 2-60 min before the tumor resection. The concentration of 5-FU and activity of TP in both tissues were determined by high performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS The concentration of 5-FU was decreased in a time-dependent manner in both tissues, though the interpatient variability of this value was much less in tumor tissue. The activity of TP was decreased with the course of the time after 5-FU administration in tumor and normal adjacent tissue. There were statistically significant differences in the TP activity in both tissues between 2-20 min and 40-60 min after 5-FU injection (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION 5-FU administration results in the decrease of TP activity in tumor and normal adjacent tissues that might have importance for chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stashkevych
- O.O.Bogomoletz National Medical University, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - E Khomutov
- M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk 83003, Ukraine
| | - Y Dumanskiy
- M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk 83003, Ukraine
| | - A Matviyenko
- M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk 83003, Ukraine
| | - I Zinkovych
- M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk 83003, Ukraine
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Patel JN, O'Neil BH, Deal AM, Ibrahim JG, Sherrill GB, Olajide OA, Atluri PM, Inzerillo JJ, Chay CH, McLeod HL, Walko CM. A community-based multicenter trial of pharmacokinetically guided 5-fluorouracil dosing for personalized colorectal cancer therapy. Oncologist 2014; 19:959-65. [PMID: 25117066 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2014-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacokinetically guided (PK-guided) versus body surface area-based 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) dosing results in higher response rates and better tolerability. A paucity of data exists on PK-guided 5-FU dosing in the community setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy colorectal cancer patients, from one academic and five community cancer centers, received the mFOLFOX6 regimen (5-FU 2,400 mg/m(2) over 46 hours every 2 weeks) with or without bevacizumab at cycle 1. The 5-FU continuous-infusion dose was adjusted for cycles 2-4 using a PK-guided algorithm to achieve a literature-based target area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). The primary objective was to demonstrate that PK-guided 5-FU dosing improves the ability to achieve a target AUC within four cycles of therapy. The secondary objective was to demonstrate reduced incidence of 5-FU-related toxicities. RESULTS At cycles 1 and 4, 27.7% and 46.8% of patients achieved the target AUC (20-25 mg × hour/L), respectively (odds ratio [OR]: 2.20; p = .046). Significantly more patients were within range at cycle 4 compared with a literature rate of 20% (p < .0001). Patients had significantly higher odds of not being underdosed at cycle 4 versus cycle 1 (OR: 2.29; p = .037). The odds of a patient being within range increased by 30% at each subsequent cycle (OR: 1.30; p = .03). Less grade 3/4 mucositis and diarrhea were observed compared with historical data (1.9% vs 16% and 5.6% vs 12%, respectively); however, rates of grade 3/4 neutropenia were similar (33% vs 25%-50%). CONCLUSION PK-guided 5-FU dosing resulted in significantly fewer underdosed patients and less gastrointestinal toxicity and allows for the application of personalized colorectal cancer therapy in the community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai N Patel
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Bert H O'Neil
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Allison M Deal
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph G Ibrahim
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gary B Sherrill
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Oludamilola A Olajide
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Prashanti M Atluri
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John J Inzerillo
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher H Chay
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Howard L McLeod
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Christine M Walko
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, and Biostatistics Core, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Rex Healthcare, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Leo W. Jenkins Cancer Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; Marion L. Shepard Cancer Center, Washington, North Carolina, USA; Cancer Care of Western North Carolina, Asheville, North Carolina, USA; Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Schreiber V, Kitzmueller M, Poxhofer M, Gintersdorfer S, Neudorfer C, Lichtneckert M, Dittrich C, Czejka M. Impact of co-administered drugs on drug monitoring of capecitabine in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:3371-3376. [PMID: 24982342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug monitoring is a useful tool for obtaining detailed information about the disposition of a drug in an individual patient during chemotherapy. According to the international guidelines, the analytical assay for quantification of a compound in biological samples must be validated. Among a number of parameters, peak purity is an important requirement. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed pharmacokinetics in patients who received chemotherapy with capecitabine and up to 10 various co-medications. RESULTS Out of seven investigated co-administered drugs, we found evidence that the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole causes peak interferences with capecitabine during high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Therefore quantification of capecitabine in plasma samples can be inaccurate. CONCLUSION We recommend an altered time schedule for co-administered drugs or changing the mobile phase used in the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Schreiber
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Kitzmueller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Poxhofer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Catharina Neudorfer
- Department of Drug and Natural Product Synthesis, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Lichtneckert
- Center for Social Medicine, Kaiser Franz-Josef Hospital with Gottfried von Preyer Pediatric Hospital, Hospital Pharmacy, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Dittrich
- Center for Social Medicine, Kaiser Franz-Josef Hospital with Gottfried von Preyer Pediatric Hospital, Hospital Pharmacy, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Czejka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Austrian Society of Applied Pharmacokinetics, Vienna, Austria
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Farkouh A, Scheithauer W, Buchner P, Georgopoulos A, Schueller J, Gruenberger B, Czejka M. Clinical pharmacokinetics of capecitabine and its metabolites in combination with the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:3669-3673. [PMID: 24982385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Capecitabine, designed as a pro-drug to the cytotoxic agent 5-fluorouracil, is widely used in the management of colorectal cancer. This study was designed to investigate whether co-administration of the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (BVZ) shows potential to modulate the plasma disposition of capecitabine (CCB) and its metabolites. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nine patients treated with CCB and BVZ for advanced colorectal cancer entered this pharmacokinetic study. In the first cycle CCB was given alone at doses of 1,250 mg/m2 bi-daily for two weeks with one week rest. In the second cycle BVZ co-administration started simultaneously with oral intake of CCB by short infusion of 7.5 mg/kg. RESULTS Mean plasma concentration time curves of CCB and its metabolites were insignificantly lower in the BVZ combination regimen compared to CCB monotherapy. After repeated cycles of BVZ no significant pharmacokinetic interaction was observed. CONCLUSION From the pharmacokinetic point of view and in agreement with numerous clinical study data, co-administration of BVZ with CCB appears to be safe and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Farkouh
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Austrian Society of Applied Pharmacokinetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Scheithauer
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, General Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria Austrian Society of Applied Pharmacokinetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Buchner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Austrian Society of Applied Pharmacokinetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Apostolos Georgopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, General Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria Austrian Society of Applied Pharmacokinetics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Schueller
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Hospital Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Gruenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. John of God Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Czejka
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Austrian Society of Applied Pharmacokinetics, Vienna, Austria
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Piórkowska E, Kaza M, Fitatiuk J, Szlaska I, Pawiński T, Rudzki PJ. Rapid and simplified HPLC-UV method with on-line wavelengths switching for determination of capecitabine in human plasma. Pharmazie 2014; 69:500-505. [PMID: 25073394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Capecitabine is an important oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug. The purpose of this study was to overcome limitations of previously reported methods and propose an optimized and widely available tool for analysis of capecitabine in human plasma. The simplification of the liquid-liquid extraction procedure involved elimination of unnecessary addition of phosphoric acid and reduction of the extraction solvent volume. The use of voriconazole as the internal standard, combined with gradient elution and on-line wavelength switching, assured very high within- and between-run precision of results (relative standard deviation < 7.1% for lower limit of quantification) and enabled the reduction of the total chromatographic run time to 8 min. The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.05-10.00 microg/mL and the method selectivity was confirmed in the presence of capecitabine metabolites. All validation parameters met the acceptance criteria set by international regulatory guidances, which proves that the method leads to reliable results. The method may be applied in human pharmacokinetic studies, for the regulatory purposes and therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Roxburgh P, Lumsden GR, Paul J, Harden S, Sweeting L, James A, Crellin A, Morrison R, Evans TRJ, McDonald AC. A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of capecitabine in combination with radiotherapy in patients with localised inoperable pancreatic cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 74:131-9. [PMID: 24819683 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this phase I study was to determine the safety, toxicity, maximum tolerated dose, and pharmacokinetics of capecitabine when administered concurrently with radiotherapy in patients with localised, inoperable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS Eligible patients, with adequate performance status and organ function, were treated in escalating dose cohorts with capecitabine, administered 7 days a week, twice daily, and radiotherapy (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions over 38 days). Cohorts of six patients were treated at four planned dose levels. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were undertaken on day 1 of treatment. RESULTS Twenty-five patients, performance status ECOG ≤2, were recruited to the study. Dose-limiting toxicities were grade 3 vomiting (1 patient) and grade 3 fatigue (1 patient), both at 1,000 mg/m². The recommended phase II dose was 825 mg/m². No grade 3/4 haematological toxicities were observed. PK studies did not suggest any effect of pancreatic malignancy or concurrent radiotherapy on the PK parameters of capecitabine and its metabolites. CONCLUSION Capecitabine-based chemo-radiotherapy, using a twice daily dosing schedule of 825 mg/m² given 7 days per week concurrently with 50.4 Gy external beam radiotherapy, is well tolerated in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Roxburgh
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow, G12 OYN, UK
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Tang Q, Wang Y, Huang R, You Q, Wang G, Chen Y, Jiang Z, Liu Z, Yu L, Muhammad S, Wang X. Preparation of anti-tumor nanoparticle and its inhibition to peritoneal dissemination of colon cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98455. [PMID: 24896096 PMCID: PMC4045714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most classic chemotherapy drugs. Nanoparticle drug delivery vehicles offer superiority over target effect enhancement and abatement of side effects. Little is known however as to the specific effect of nanoparticle on peritoneal dissemination of colon cancer. The aim of this study is to prepare one NPs (nanoparticles) loaded with 5-FU and investigate the characteristic of NPs and the role of it in peritoneal metastasis nodules formation of human colon cancer. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Prepared the NPs (nanoparticles) loaded with 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil) by PEG-PLGA with the method of double emulsion. Then evaluate the characteristics of the NPs by scanning electron microscopy, analyzing the particle diameter distribution and determining the loading efficiency. Detect the release features of NPs in vitro and in vivo. Nude mice with peritoneal metastases were treated with 5-FU solution or 5-FU-NPs through peritoneal cavity. Count the nodules on peritoneum and mesenterium and survey the size of them. We got NPs with average-diameter of 310 nm. In vitro release test shows NPs can release equably for 5 days with release rate of 99.2%. In vivo, NPs group can keep higher plasma concentration of 5-FU longer than it in solution group. The number of peritoneal dissemination nodule below 1 mm in 5-FU-sol group(17.3 ± 3.5) and 5-FU-NP group(15.2 ± 3.2) is less than control group(27.2 ± 4.7)(P<0.05). The total number of nodules in 5-FU-NP group(28.7 ± 4.2) is significantly smaller than in 5-FU-sol group(37.7 ± 6.3) (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The novel anti-tumor nanoparticles loaded with 5-FU by PEG-PLGA can release maintain 5 days and have inhibitory action to peritoneal dissemination of colon cancer in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Tang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi You
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinggang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Muhammad
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xishan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
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Liu XH, Man YN, Cao R, Liu C, Wu XZ. Individualized chemotherapy based on organ selectivity: a retrospective study of vinorelbine and capecitabine for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Curr Med Res Opin 2014; 30:1017-24. [PMID: 24528110 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2014.895310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study proposed a conception of individualized chemotherapy based on organ selectivity of drug distribution by retrospectively comparing the effect of vinorelbine and capecitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. METHODS Between January 2002 and December 2009, 133 patients with lung metastasis and 87 patients with liver metastasis were analyzed and followed up until December 2012. The survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic factors. RESULTS The median time to progression of the vinorelbine, capecitabine and anthracycline/taxane groups of patients with lung metastasis was 5.7, 2.9 and 2.1 months, respectively. Median overall survival of the vinorelbine group (27.4 months) was longer than the capecitabine (12.2 months, P = 0.027) and anthracycline/taxane groups (9.1 months, P < 0.001) in patients with lung metastasis. The median time to progression of the vinorelbine, capecitabine and anthracycline/taxane groups of patients with liver metastasis was 2.3, 7.3 and 2.6 months, respectively. Median overall survival of the capecitabine group (15.2 months) was longer than the vinorelbine (9.0 months, P = 0.029) and anthracycline/taxane groups (6.4 months, P = 0.004) in patients with liver metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that vinorelbine and capecitabine have different advantageous effects in breast cancer patients with lung/liver metastasis. Thus, we propose individualized chemotherapy based on organ specificity and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy , Tianjin , China
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Castro-Rojas C, Ortiz-Lópezj R, Rojas-Martínez A. [Pharmacogenomics of the first-line treatment for gastric cancer: advances in the identification of genomic biomarkers for clinical response to chemotherapy]. Invest Clin 2014; 55:185-202. [PMID: 24974634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is often diagnosed at later stages due to the lack of specificity of symptoms associated with the neoplasm, causing high mortality rates worldwide. The first line of adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment includes cytotoxic fluoropyrimidines and platin-containing compounds which cause the formation of DNA adducts. The clinical outcome with these antineoplastic agents depends mainly on tumor sensitivity, which is conditioned by the expression level of the drug targets and the DNA-repair system enzymes. In addition, some germ line polymorphisms, in genes linked to drug metabolism and response to chemotherapy, have been associated with poor responses and the development of adverse effects, even with fatal outcomes in GC patients. The identification of genomic biomarkers, such as individual gene polymorphisms or differential expression patterns of specific genes, in a patient-by-patient context with potential clinical application is the main focus of current pharmacogenomic research, which aims at developing a rational and personalized therapy (i.e., a therapy that ensures maximum efficacy with no predictable side effects). However, because of the future application of genomic technologies in the clinical setting, it is necessary to establish the prognostic value of these genomic biomarkers with genotype-phenotype association studies and to evaluate their prevalence in the population under treatment. These issues are important for their cost-effectiveness evaluation, which determines the feasibility of using these medical genomic research products for GC treatment in the clinical setting.
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Mishra RK, Ramasamy K, Ahmad NA, Eshak Z, Majeed ABA. pH dependent poly[2-(methacryloyloxyethyl)trimetylammonium chloride-co-methacrylic acid]hydrogels for enhanced targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cells. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2014; 25:999-1012. [PMID: 24398912 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli responsive hydrogels have shown enormous potential as a carrier for targeted drug delivery. In this study we have developed novel pH responsive hydrogels for the delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in order to alleviate its antitumor activity while reducing its toxicity. We used 2-(methacryloyloxyethyl) trimetylammonium chloride a positively charged monomer and methacrylic acid for fabricating the pH responsive hydrogels. The released 5-FU from all except hydrogel (GEL-5) remained biologically active against human colon cancer cell lines [HT29 (IC50 = 110-190 μg ml(-1)) and HCT116 (IC50 = 210-390 μg ml(-1))] but not human skin fibroblast cells [BJ (CRL2522); IC50 ≥ 1000 μg ml(-1)]. This implies that the copolymer hydrogels (1-4) were able to release 5-FU effectively to colon cancer cells but not normal human skin fibroblast cells. This is probably due to the shorter doubling time that results in reduced pH in colon cancer cells when compared to fibroblast cells. These pH sensitive hydrogels showed well defined cell apoptosis in HCT116 cells through series of events such as chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies. No cell killing was observed in the case of blank hydrogels. The results showed the potential of these stimuli responsive polymer hydrogels as a carrier for colon cancer delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Mishra
- Brain Science Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia,
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Mahammed N, Gowda DV, Deshpande RD, Thirumaleshwar S. Design of phosphated cross-linked microspheres of bael fruit gum as a biodegradable carrier. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:42-51. [PMID: 24668152 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Present work was aimed at designing of phosphated cross-linked microspheres of bael fruit gum (BFG) by emulsification method using sodium-tri-meta phosphate as a cross-linking agent for treatment of colon cancer using 5-fluorouracil as model drug. Stirring speed was found to be 1,000 rpm for about 5 h to be optimal to obtain reproducible microspheres. It was found that there is an increase in particle size as polymer concentration is increased whereas a reduction in particle size was observed as there is increase in stirring speed. Cross-linked BFG microspheres were successfully prepared by emulsification method. Optimum surfactant concentration was found to be 2 % w/w. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that the drug-loaded microspheres were non-aggregated and in spherical shape. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared-spectroscopy studies showed that drug and excipients are compatible. Release studies showed that drug release was more profound in cecal medium induced with enzymes causing degradation of the cross linked BFG than that of the release showed in simulated intestinal fluid. Stability studies showed that there were no significant changes in the drug content and physical appearance of microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaz Mahammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, Mysore, 570015, Karnataka, India
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Li T, Liang M, Yuan J, Guo X, Feng D, Li T, Teng D, Peng Z, Wu X, Li Z, Wang H, Chen L. [Correlated analysis of 5 fluorouracil metabolic enzymes with tumor response after SOX regimen neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 94:127-130. [PMID: 24721353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of mRNA expression of oral fluoropyrimidine (S-1) metabolism on treatment outcomes in locally advanced gastric cancer patients on preoperative S-1 oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. METHODS Between June 2012 and March 2013, 32 patients with preoperative AJCC stage II-III gastric cancer patients were enrolled. They received S-1 (80 mg·m⁻² × d⁻¹, days 1-14) and oxaliplatin (130 mg/m², day 1) every 3 weeks and subsequently underwent gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy. Paired tumor and normal fresh frozen tissues were collected to evaluate the mRNA levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and OPRT with quantitative reverse transcription(RT) -PCR. RESULTS Among them, 21 (65.6%) patients had clinical tumor response and histological response occurred in 10 (31.3%) patients. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that OPRT mRNA expression was significantly higher in clinical tumor responders than non-responders (3.95 ± 0.81 vs 1.79 ± 0.64, P = 0.005). Diffuse-type gastric cancer patients (n = 22) demonstrated higher OPRT expression levels than intestinal-type(n = 10) ones (2.54 ± 0.75 vs 1.49 ± 0.56, P = 0.014). The mRNA expressions of TS and TP in gastric cancer tissues with lymph node (LN) metastasis (n = 13) were significantly higher than those in gastric cancer tissues without LN metastasis (n = 19, both P < 0.05) .Similar results were not found for comparing dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase expression levels (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION OPRT, TS and TP may become potential predictive biomarkers in advanced gastric cancer patients on oral fluoropyrimidine (S-1)-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Cai X, Fang JM, Xue P, Song WF, Hu J, Gu HL, Yang HY, Wang LW. The role of IVS14+1 G > A genotype detection in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene and pharmacokinetic monitoring of 5-fluorouracil in the individualized adjustment of 5-fluorouracil for patients with local advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer: a preliminary report. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:1247-1258. [PMID: 24817302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM We retrospectively investigated the relationship between IVS14+1 G > A genotype of the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) gene with plasma concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as well as adverse reactions in 80 patients with locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty patients with un-resectable locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer were treated with Folfox-6 regimen, which repeated every two weeks for at least three cycles. Single nucleotide polymorphisms for DPD gene were analyzed before chemotherapy by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. The plasma concentration of fluorouracil was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after continuous infusion of fluorouracil over 12 h in each cycle. The average values of plasma concentrations in each cycle were calculated, and the factors related to plasma concentration of 5-FU were screened by stepwise regression. RESULTS All patients were divided into three groups according to the predictive confidence interval of plasma concentration of 5-FU, and the average plasma concentrations of fluorouracil in each cycle of these three groups were less than or equal to 26.83 mg/L, 26.83-40.62 mg/L, and more than 40.62 mg/L, respectively. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the plasma concentration of fluorouracil was associated with myelosuppression, hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, overall survival (OS) and DPD genotype. In efficacy, the median progression-free survival PFS (mPFS) and OS (mOS) of group 2 and group 3 were both significantly higher than those of group 1. CONCLUSIONS Among the advanced colorectal cancer patients receiving fluorouracil-based chemotherapy, those with plasma concentration of 5-FU above 26.83 mg/L can obtain better survival; for patients with heterozygous DPD IVS14+1 mutation, 5-FU dose should be appropriately reduced according to last plasma concentration to reduce adverse reactions, while the homozygous ones should avoid application of 5-FU and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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Komatsu Y, Yoshino T, Yamazaki K, Yuki S, Machida N, Sasaki T, Hyodo I, Yachi Y, Onuma H, Ohtsu A. Phase 1 study of efatutazone, a novel oral peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, in combination with FOLFIRI as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Invest New Drugs 2013; 32:473-80. [PMID: 24337768 PMCID: PMC4045340 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-013-0056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Efatutazone, a novel oral highly-selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, has demonstrated some inhibitory effects on disease stabilization in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) enrolled in previous phase I studies. Here, we evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of efatutazone combined with FOLFIRI (5-fluorouracil, levo-leucovorin, and irinotecan) as second-line chemotherapy in Japanese patients with mCRC. Methods Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were evaluated at 2 efatutazone dose levels of 0.25 and 0.50 mg (the recommended dose [RD] of efatutazone monotherapy) twice daily in combination with FOLFIRI in a 3–9 patient cohort. Furthermore, tolerability at the RD level was assessed in additional patients, up to 12 in total. Blood samples for pharmacokinetics and biomarkers and tumor samples for archival tissues were collected from all patients. Results Fifteen patients (0.25 mg, 3; 0.5 mg, 12) were enrolled. No DLTs were observed. Most patients experienced weight increase (100 %) and edema (80.0 %), which were manageable with diuretics. Common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (93.3 %), leukopenia (46.7 %), and anemia (33.3 %). Stable disease was observed in 8 of the 14 patients evaluable for tumor response. The plasma adiponectin levels increased over time and increased dose. No clear relationship was detected between treatment efficacies and plasma levels of adiponectin as well as the expression levels of PPARγ and the retinoid X receptor in tumor tissues. Conclusions Efatutazone combined with FOLFIRI demonstrates an acceptable safety profile and evidence of disease stabilization in Japanese patients with mCRC. The RD for efatutazone monotherapy can be used in combination with FOLFIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Komatsu
- Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Kita 14 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan,
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Jang MJ, Kim JW, Jeon YJ, Chong SY, Hong SP, Hwang SG, Oh D, Cho YK, Ji YG, Kim NK. Polymorphisms of folate metabolism-related genes and survival of patients with colorectal cancer in the Korean population. Gene 2013; 533:558-64. [PMID: 24100087 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a cornerstone of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), and the major targets of 5-FU are thymidylate synthase (TS), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1). We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the genes encoding these proteins would be associated with CRC patient survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS We genotyped the following polymorphisms in 372 CRC patients: TS enhancer region (TSER), TS 1494del6, MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C, and RFC1 -43T>C, 80G>A, and 696C>T. Using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazard models, we evaluated associations between these polymorphisms and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The combined TS 1494 0bp6bp+6bp6bp genotype was associated with reduced OS compared to the TS 1494 0bp0bp genotype. Among rectal cancer patients, the RFC1 -43CC and 80AA genotypes were associated with favorable OS. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that TS and RFC1 polymorphisms are associated with CRC prognosis in Korean patients. Further studies are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ju Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Yoshino T, Yamazaki K, Yamaguchi K, Doi T, Boku N, Machida N, Onozawa Y, Asayama M, Fujino T, Ohtsu A. A phase I study of intravenous aflibercept with FOLFIRI in Japanese patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:910-7. [PMID: 23179335 PMCID: PMC3717157 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aflibercept, a recombinant fusion protein, is a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-B, and the placental growth factor (PlGF). The present study was an open-label, sequential-cohort, dose-escalation trial of intravenous aflibercept administered every 2 weeks in combination with 5-fluorouracil, levofolinate, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We aimed to assess the safety, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of the combination therapy to determine the recommended phase II dose (RPTD) for Japanese patients. Two doses of aflibercept (2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg) were set, and DLTs were evaluated in the first 2 cycles. The subjects comprised 16 patients (n = 3 and 13 for 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg aflibercept, respectively) who received a total of 149 cycles of aflibercept with FOLFIRI. No DLTs were observed at both doses. The frequent adverse events encountered were leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, diarrhea, fatigue, decreased appetite, stomatitis, dysphonia, nausea, and epistaxis. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia for both doses and hypertension for the 4.0 mg/kg dose. Free aflibercept exposure increased with the dose, whereas exposure to VEGF-bound aflibercept remained similar at both doses. The response rate and progression-free survival at 4.0 mg/kg was 8.3 % and 7.59 months, respectively. In conclusion, the combination of aflibercept and FOLFIRI was well tolerated at both doses. The RPTD of aflibercept in combination with FOLFIRI for Japanese patients with mCRC was determined to be 4.0 mg/kg every 2 weeks. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00921661.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwashi, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
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