1
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Simpson AK, Drysdale M, Gamberg M, Froese K, Brammer J, Dumas P, Ratelle M, Skinner K, Laird BD. Human biomonitoring of dioxins, furans, and non-ortho dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blood plasma from Old Crow, Yukon, Canada (2019). Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171222. [PMID: 38408666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent and toxic chemicals that are known to have human health effects at low levels. These chemicals have been produced for commercial use (PCBs) or unintentionally as by-products of industry or natural processes (PCBs, dioxins, and furans). Additionally, dioxin-like PCBs were formerly used in electrical applications before being banned internationally (2004). These chemicals are widely dispersed in the environment as they can contaminate air and travel hundreds to thousands of kilometers before depositing on land or water, thereafter, potentially entering food chains. Community concerns surrounding the safety of traditional foods prompted a human biomonitoring project in Old Crow, Yukon Territory (YT), Canada (2019). Through collaborative community engagement, dioxins and like compounds were identified as a priority for exposure assessment from biobanked samples. In 2022, biobanked plasma samples (n = 54) collected in Old Crow were used to measure exposures to seven dioxins, ten furans, and four dioxin-like PCBs. 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD, 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, OCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF, PCB 126, and PCB 169 were detected in at least 50 % of samples. Among these analytes, the only congener at elevated levels was PCB 169, which was approximately ∼2-fold higher than the general population of Canada. No significant sex-based or body mass index (BMI) differences in biomarker concentrations were observed. Generally, the concentrations of the detected congeners increased with age, except for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD. For the first time, this research measures dioxin and like-compound exposures in Old Crow, advancing the information available on chemical exposures in the Arctic. Further research could be directed towards the investigation of PCB 169 exposure sources and temporal monitoring of exposures and determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn K Simpson
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Mallory Drysdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Mary Gamberg
- Gamberg Consulting, Whitehorse, Yukon Y1A 6N5, Canada
| | - Ken Froese
- GatePost Risk Analysis, Red Deer, Alberta T4R 0A9, Canada.
| | - Jeremy Brammer
- Vuntut Gwitchin Government, Old Crow, Yukon Y0B 1N0, Canada.
| | - Pierre Dumas
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec G1V 5B3, Canada.
| | - Mylène Ratelle
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, 7101, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec H3N 1X9, Canada.
| | - Kelly Skinner
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Brian D Laird
- School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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2
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Li W, Hu Z, Jia C, Guo W, Li W, Peng Y, Zheng J. Mechanism-based cytotoxicity trend prediction of furan-containing pollutants present in a mixture. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123511. [PMID: 38325514 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Human exposure to furan-containing pollutants (FCPs) has raised concerns due to their high risk of toxicity. A substantial number of approximately 8500 recorded compounds containing a furan ring exist which have been analytically or in biologically studied. A significant portion of these compounds is found in the everyday environments of individuals, particularly when ingested through food. Consequently, there is a need for a universal approach to rapidly predict the potential toxicity trends of FCPs. In this study, we developed a bromine labeling-based platform that combines LC-ICP-MS and LC-ESI-MS techniques to absolutely quantify FCP-induced protein adduction. The LC-ESI-MS approach facilitated the identification of FCP-derived protein adducts and optimized liquid chromatographic conditions for analyte separation. By employing a well-designed bromine-containing compound as a general internal standard, LC-ICP-MS-based technique enabled to absolutely assess bromine-labeled protein adduction. The protein adduction efficiencies of furan, 2-methylfuran, and 2,5-dimethylfuran were found to be 2.68, 2.90, and 0.37 molecules per 10,000 FCP molecules that primary hepatocytes received, respectively. Furthermore, we observed that 2-methylfuran exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, followed by furan and 2,5-dimethylfuran, which aligned with the order of their protein adduction. Thus, the protein adduction efficiency of FCPs could serve as a potential index for predicting their toxicity trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Zixia Hu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Chenyang Jia
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- Agilent Technologies (China) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100102, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.
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3
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Cao L, Miao Y, Liu Y, Huang S, Tian L, Yu M, Huo J, Zhang L, Li X, Chen J. Genotoxic mode of action and threshold exploration of 2-methyl furan under 120-day sub-chronic exposure in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 273:116125. [PMID: 38394755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
2-Methylfuran (2-MF) is an important member of the furan family generated during food thermal processing. An in-vivo multiple endpoint genotoxicity assessment system was applied to explore the genotoxic mode of action and threshold of 2-MF. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 2-MF by oral gavage at doses of 0.16, 0.625, 2.5, and 10 mg/kg.bw/day for 120 days. An additional 15 days were granted for recovery. The Pig-a gene mutation frequency of RET and RBC showed significant increases among the 2-MF groups on day 120. After a 15-day recovery period, the Pig-a gene mutation frequency returned to levels similar to those in the vehicle control. The tail intensity (TI) values of peripheral blood cells at a dose of 10 mg/kg.bw/day significantly increased from day 4 and remained at a high level after the recovery period. No statistical difference was found in the micronucleus frequency of peripheral blood between any 2-MF dose group and the corn oil group at any timepoint. 2-MF may not induce the production of micronuclei, but it could cause DNA breakage. It could not be ruled out that 2-MF may accumulate in vivo and cause gene mutations. Hence, DNA, other than the spindle, may be directly targeted. The mode of action of 2-MF may be that it was metabolized by EPHX1 to more DNA-active metabolites, thus leading to oxidative and direct DNA damage. The point of departure (PoD) of 2-MF-induced genotoxicity was derived as 0.506 mg/kg bw/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yeqiu Miao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shuzhen Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Luojia Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mengqi Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiao Huo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Jinyao Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Luo Q, Shen Y, Zhai G, Chen L, Ou F, Yi L, Yang D, Pan H, Shi F. Role of covalent modification by hepatic aldehydes in dictamnine-induced liver injury. Toxicol Lett 2024; 392:12-21. [PMID: 38128889 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Dictamnine is a representative furan-containing hepatotoxic compound. Administration of dictamnine caused acute liver injury in mice and the metabolic activation of furan to reactive epoxy intermediate was responsible for the hepatotoxicity. This study aimed to characterize the protein adduction by endogenous hepatic aldehydes and investigate its role in dictamnine-induced hepatotoxicity. In the liver sample of dictamnine-treated mice, the protein adduction by five aldehydes was characterized as lysine residue-aldehyde adducts using high-resolution UPLC-Q/Orbitrap MS after exhaustive proteolytic digestion. The levels of protein adduct were increased at 2-3 h after the treatment with dictamnine. The formation of protein adduction increased with increasing doses of dictamnine. Inhibition of the bioactivation by CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole prevented the protein adduction. Treatment with 2,3-dihydro-dictamnine, an analog of dictamnine that was unable to form the epoxy intermediate, did not lead to an increase in protein adduction. Application of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 activator ALDA-1 or nucleophilic trapping reagent N-acetyl-L-lysine significantly reduced the protein adduction and attenuated dictamnine-induced liver injury without affecting the bioactivation. In conclusion, the metabolic activation of the furan ring of dictamnine resulted in the protein adduction by multiple hepatic aldehydes and the protein modification played a crucial role in dictamnine-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Guohong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Furong Ou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Luxi Yi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Danli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.
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5
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Yilmaz B, Aydin Y, Orta-Yilmaz B. Furan promotes cytotoxic effects through DNA damage and cell apoptosis in Leydig cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:796-805. [PMID: 37488932 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2240884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Furan is an organic chemical that can cause adverse effects on human health and is formed as a result of the thermal decomposition of many food components during cooking, storage, and processing techniques. Studies have shown that exposure to furan causes nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. According to our current knowledge of the literature, the genotoxic mode of action of furan is highly controversial. The genotoxic effects of furan on the male reproductive system, however, have not been studied. In this study, the TM3 Leydig cell line was treated with 750, 1500, and 3000 μM concentrations of furan for 24 h. Following the completion of the exposure period, the cytotoxicity of furan in TM3 Leydig cells was assessed using a cell viability assay and a spectrophotometric measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme levels. The double fluorescence staining method was used to demonstrate furan-induced apoptosis, and DNA damage was shown using the micronucleus, comet, and chromosomal aberration assays. The result indicated that furan administration of Leydig cells resulted in an increase in structural chromosomal aberration, comet, and micronucleus formation, reduced cell viability, increased LDH activity, and a higher incidence of apoptotic cells. These findings revealed that furan induces DNA damage in TM3 Leydig cells, causing genotoxicity and DNA damage-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buse Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Aydin
- Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Nelson GM, Carswell GK, Swartz CD, Recio L, Yauk CL, Chorley BN. Early microRNA responses in rodent liver mediated by furan exposure establish dose thresholds for later adverse outcomes. Toxicol Lett 2023; 384:105-114. [PMID: 37517673 PMCID: PMC10530563 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
To reduce reliance on long-term in vivo studies, short-term data linking early molecular-based measurements to later adverse health effects is needed. Although transcriptional-based benchmark dose (BMDT) modeling has been used to estimate potencies and stratify chemicals based on potential to induce later-life effects, dose-responsive epigenetic alterations have not been routinely considered. Here, we evaluated the utility of microRNA (miRNA) profiling in mouse liver and blood, as well as in mouse primary hepatocytes in vitro, to indicate mechanisms of liver perturbation due to short-term exposure of the known rodent liver hepatotoxicant and carcinogen, furan. Benchmark dose modeling of miRNA measurements (BMDmiR) were compared to the referent transcriptional (BMDT) and apical (BMDA) estimates. These analyses indicate a robust dose response for 34 miRNAs to furan and involvement of p53-linked pathways in furan-mediated hepatotoxicity, supporting mRNA and apical measurements. Liver-sourced miRNAs were also altered in the blood and primary hepatocytes. Overall, these results indicate mechanistic involvement of miRNA in furan carcinogenicity and provide evidence of their potential utility as accessible biomarkers of exposure and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail M Nelson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Gleta K Carswell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Carol D Swartz
- Inotiv Co., 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Leslie Recio
- ScitoVation, 100 Capitola Drive Suite 106, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Dept. Of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Brian N Chorley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Owumi SE, Adedara IA, Otunla MT, Owoeye O. Influence of furan and lead co-exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations on neurobehavioral performance, redox-regulatory system and apoptotic responses in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 97:104011. [PMID: 36396074 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Furan and lead are contaminants of global concern due to the potential public health threat associated with their exposure. Herein, the neurobehavioral performance, biochemical effects and histological alterations associated with co-exposure to furan (8 mg/kg) and lead acetate at low, environmentally realistic concentrations (1, 10 and 100 µg PbAc/L) for 28 uninterrupted days were investigated in rats. The results demonstrated that locomotor, motor and exploratory deficits associated with separate exposure to furan and lead was exacerbated in the co-exposed rats. Furan and lead co-exposure aggravated the marked decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant status, elevation in oxido-inflammatory stress indices and caspases activation in the cerebrum and cerebellum of exposed rats compared with control. Furan and lead co-exposure worsened neuronal degeneration as verified by histomorphometry and histochemical staining. Collectively, furan and lead acts together to exacerbate neurotoxicity via inhibition of cholinergic system, induction of oxido-inflammatory stress and caspases activation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Moses T Otunla
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde Owoeye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Api AM, Belsito D, Botelho D, Bruze M, Burton GA, Cancellieri MA, Chon H, Dagli ML, Date M, Dekant W, Deodhar C, Fryer AD, Jones L, Joshi K, Kumar M, Lapczynski A, Lavelle M, Lee I, Liebler DC, Moustakas H, Na M, Penning TM, Ritacco G, Romine J, Sadekar N, Schultz TW, Selechnik D, Siddiqi F, Sipes IG, Sullivan G, Thakkar Y, Tokura Y. RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-one, CAS Registry Number 3188-00-9. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169 Suppl 1:113466. [PMID: 36228899 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D Belsito
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - D Botelho
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Bruze
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Malmo University Hospital, Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, Entrance 47, Malmo, SE, 20502, Sweden
| | - G A Burton
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Dana Building G110, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 58109, USA
| | - M A Cancellieri
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - H Chon
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M L Dagli
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Sao Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - M Date
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - W Dekant
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Wuerzburg, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Deodhar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A D Fryer
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - L Jones
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - K Joshi
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Kumar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - A Lapczynski
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Lavelle
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - I Lee
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - D C Liebler
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, 638 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - H Moustakas
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - M Na
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - T M Penning
- Member of Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, 1316 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3083, USA
| | - G Ritacco
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - J Romine
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - N Sadekar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - T W Schultz
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, The University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996- 4500, USA
| | - D Selechnik
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - F Siddiqi
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - I G Sipes
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA
| | - G Sullivan
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA.
| | - Y Thakkar
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA
| | - Y Tokura
- Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, The Journal of Dermatological Science (JDS), Editor-in-Chief, Professor and Chairman, Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
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Rjiba-Touati K, Hamdi H, M'nassri A, Guedri Y, Mokni M, Abid S. Bromuconazole caused genotoxicity and hepatic and renal damage via oxidative stress process in Wistar rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:14111-14120. [PMID: 34601692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bromuconazole is a triazole pesticide used to protect vegetables and fruits against diverse fungi pathologies. However, its utilization may be accompanied by diverse tissue injuries. In this study, we evaluated the biochemical and histopathological modifications, and we analyzed genotoxic and oxidative stress, in the aim to examine bromuconazole effects in the liver and kidney. We subdivided animals into four groups, each one contains six adult male Wistar rats. Untreated rats received daily a corn oil (vehicle) orally. Three oral bromuconazole doses were tested (1, 5, and 10 % of LD50) daily for 28 days. Bromuconazole increased the plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and transaminases. It also increased the plasma levels of creatinine and uric acid. Histopathological check showed that bromuconazole caused organ damage. This study makes known that bromuconazole caused conspicuous DNA damage either in hepatic or kidney tissues, with a significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl followed by an enhancement in catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymatic activities, and these increases are in a dose-dependent manner. In other side, we found that Glutathione-S-transferase and peroxidase activities raised. Our outcomes highlight that bromuconazole exposure induced genotoxic damage and organ damage which may be caused by the disturbances of oxidative stress statue in the liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Rjiba-Touati
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Asma M'nassri
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Guedri
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplant, University Hospital of Sahloul, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Mokni
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Hospital of Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
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10
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Sloot W, Glaser N, Hansen A, Hellmann J, Jaeckel S, Johannes S, Knippel A, Lai V, Onidi M. Improved nonclinical safety profile of a novel, highly selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 (M3258). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 429:115695. [PMID: 34419493 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
M3258 is the first selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 (Large multifunctional protease 7) in early clinical development with the potential to improve therapeutic utility in patients of multiple myeloma (MM) or other hematological malignancies. Safety pharmacology studies with M3258 did not reveal any functional impairments of the cardiovascular system in several in vitro tests employing human cardiomyocytes and cardiac ion channels (including hERG), guinea pig heart refractory period and force contraction, and rat aortic contraction as well as in cardiovascular function tests in dogs. Following single dose M3258 administration to rats, no changes were observed on respiratory function by using whole body plethysmography, nor did it change (neuro)behavioral parameters in a battery of tests. Based on pivotal 4-week toxicity studies with daily oral dosing of M3258, the identified key target organs of toxicity were limited to the lympho-hematopoietic system in rats and dogs, and to the intestine with its local lymphoid tissues in dogs only. Importantly, the stomach, nervous system, heart, lungs, and kidneys, that may be part of clinically relevant toxicities as reported for pan-proteasome inhibitors, were spared with M3258. Therefore, it is anticipated that by targeting highly selective and potent inhibition of LMP7, the resulting favorable safety profile of M3258 together with the maintained potent anti-tumor activity as previously reported in mouse MM xenograft models, may translate into an improved benefit-risk profile in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Sloot
- Merck KGaA, Global Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Nina Glaser
- Merck KGaA, Global Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annika Hansen
- Merck KGaA, Global Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Juergen Hellmann
- Merck KGaA, Global Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sven Jaeckel
- Merck KGaA, Global Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sigrid Johannes
- Merck KGaA, Global Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anja Knippel
- Merck KGaA, Global Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Valentina Lai
- Istituto di Ricerche Biomediche "Antoine Marxer" - RBM; Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Manuela Onidi
- Istituto di Ricerche Biomediche "Antoine Marxer" - RBM; Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
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11
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Russo MT, De Luca G, Palma N, Leopardi P, Degan P, Cinelli S, Pepe G, Mosesso P, Di Carlo E, Sorrentino C, Musiani P, Crebelli R, Bignami M, Dogliotti E. Oxidative Stress, Mutations and Chromosomal Aberrations Induced by In Vitro and In Vivo Exposure to Furan. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189687. [PMID: 34575853 PMCID: PMC8465244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Furan is a volatile compound that is formed in foods during thermal processing. It is classified as a possible human carcinogen by international authorities based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. Although a vast number of studies both in vitro and in vivo have been performed to investigate furan genotoxicity, the results are inconsistent, and its carcinogenic mode of action remains to be clarified. Here, we address the mutagenic and clastogenic activity of furan and its prime reactive metabolite cis-2 butene-1,4-dial (BDA) in mammalian cells in culture and in mouse animal models in a search for DNA lesions responsible of these effects. To this aim, Fanconi anemia-derived human cell lines defective in the repair of DNA inter-strand crosslinks (ICLs) and Ogg1−/− mice defective in the removal of 8-hydroxyguanine from DNA, were used. We show that both furan and BDA present a weak (if any) mutagenic activity but are clear inducers of clastogenic damage. ICLs are strongly indicated as key lesions for chromosomal damage whereas oxidized base lesions are unlikely to play a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Russo
- National Centre for Chemical Products, Cosmetics and Consumer Protection, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriele De Luca
- Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nieves Palma
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (P.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Paola Leopardi
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (P.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Paolo Degan
- IRCCS AOU San Martino, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Serena Cinelli
- European Research Biology Center, Via Tito Speri 12/14, Pomezia, 00071 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Pepe
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Pasquale Mosesso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66022 Chieti, Italy; (E.D.C.); (C.S.)
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66022 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66022 Chieti, Italy; (E.D.C.); (C.S.)
- Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66022 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Musiani
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66022 Chieti, Italy; (E.D.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Riccardo Crebelli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (P.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Margherita Bignami
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (P.L.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (E.D.)
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (P.L.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (E.D.)
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12
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Fernandes AR, Falandysz J. Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs): Contamination in food, humans and dietary exposure. Sci Total Environ 2021; 761:143191. [PMID: 33160676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) have been recognised as environmental pollutants for decades but their occurrence in food has only recently been reported. They elicit the same type of toxic response as analogous polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) with similar potencies and effects, and share similar origins - inadvertent production during combustion and occurrence as by-products in industrial chemicals. Surprisingly, PBDD/Fs have received considerably less attention than PCDD/Fs, perhaps because determination requires a higher degree of analytical competence, a result of the higher adsorptivity and lability associated with carbon-bromine bonding. For most populations, the principal exposure pathway is dietary intake. The PBDD/F toxicity arising from occurrence in foods has often been expressed as toxic equivalents (TEQs) using the same scheme developed for PCDD/Fs. This approach is convenient, but resulting TEQ estimates are more uncertain, given the known differences in response for some analogous congeners and also the different patterns of PBDD/F occurrence confirmed by the newer data. Further studies to consolidate potency factors would help to refine TEQ estimates. Characteristically, most foods and human tissues show more frequent and higher PBDF concentrations relative to PBDDs, reflecting major source patterns. Occurrence in food ranges from <0.01 to several thousand pg/g (or up to 0.3 pg TEQ/g whole weight) which is comparable to PCDD/F occurrence (ΣPBDD/F TEQs are underestimated as not all relevant congeners are included). Plant based foods show higher PBDD/F: PCDD/F TEQ ratios. Reported PBDD/F dietary intakes suggest that some population groups, particularly young children, may exceed the revised tolerable weekly intake for dioxin-like contaminants (2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week), even for mean consumption estimated with lower bound data. It is evident that the omission of PBDD/Fs from the TEQ scheme results in a significant underestimation of the cumulative toxicity and associated risk arising from this mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwyn R Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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13
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Wei MX, Yu JY, Liu XX, Li XQ, Zhang MW, Yang PW, Yang JH. Synthesis of artemisinin-piperazine-furan ether hybrids and evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113295. [PMID: 33636536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, eight novel artemisinin-piperazine-furane ether hybrids (5a-h) were efficiently synthesized and investigated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against some human cancer and benign cells. The absolute configuration of hybrid 5c was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Hybrids 5a-h exhibited more pronounced growth-inhibiting action on hepatocarcinoma cell lines than their parent dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and the reference cytosine arabinoside (ARA). The hybrid 5a showed the best cytotoxic activity against human hepatocarcinoma cells SMMC-7721 (IC50 = 0.26 ± 0.03 μM) after 24 h. Furthermore, hybrid 5a also showed good cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and low cytotoxicity against human breast benign cells MCF-10A in vitro. We found the cytotoxicity of hybrid 5a did not change when tumour cells absorb iron sulfate (FeSO4); thus, we conclude the anti-tumour mechanism induced by iron ions (Fe2+) is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xue Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Jia-Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xin-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Meng-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Pei-Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jin-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
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14
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Tshering G, Plengsuriyakarn T, Na-Bangchang K, Pimtong W. Embryotoxicity evaluation of atractylodin and β-eudesmol using the zebrafish model. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108869. [PMID: 32805444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atractylodin and β-eudesmol are the major active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC. (AL). Both compounds exhibit various pharmacological activities, including anticancer activity against cholangiocarcinoma. Despite the widespread use of this plant in traditional medicine in China, Japan, Korea, and Thailand, studies of their toxicological profiles are limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the embryotoxicity of atractylodin and β-eudesmol using the zebrafish model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to a series of concentrations (6.3, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM) of each compound up to 72 h post-fertilization (hpf). The results showed that atractylodin and β-eudesmol induced mortality of zebrafish embryos with the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 36.8 and 53.0 μM, respectively. Both compounds also caused embryonic deformities, including pericardial edema, malformed head, yolk sac edema, and truncated body. Only β-eudesmol decreased the hatching rates, while atractylodin reduced the heart rates of the zebrafish embryos. Additionally, both compounds increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and altered the transcriptional expression levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (sod1), catalase (cat), and glutathione S-transferase pi 2 (gstp2) genes. In conclusion, atractylodin and β-eudesmol induce mortality, developmental toxicity, and oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos. These findings may imply similar toxicity of both compounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyem Tshering
- Graduate Studies, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Tullayakorn Plengsuriyakarn
- Graduate Studies, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Drug Discovery and Development Center, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kesara Na-Bangchang
- Graduate Studies, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Pharmacology and Molecular Biology of Malaria and Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Drug Discovery and Development Center, Thammasat University, Paholyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wittaya Pimtong
- Nano Environmental and Health Safety Research Team, National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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15
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Kim J, Han M, Jeon WK. Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of Mumefural, Bioactive Compound Derived from Processed Fruit of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc., in ICR Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051328. [PMID: 32392766 PMCID: PMC7284477 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mumefural is a bioactive compound derived from the processed fruit of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc., a traditional health food; however, its safety has not been evaluated. We investigated the toxicity of mumefural through single and repeated oral administration at doses of 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. The acute toxicity assessment was not associated with adverse effects or death. Similarly, the subacute (four weeks) toxicity assessment did not reveal any mumefural-associated mortality, abnormal organ damage, or altered clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, or hematological parameters. However, albumin/globulin ratio and chloride ion levels were significantly increased in male mice treated with mumefural at ≥2500 mg/kg. Female mice exhibited significantly higher levels of chloride, sodium, and potassium ions, at a dose of 5000 mg/kg. Furthermore, the administration of 2500 and 5000 mg/kg mumefural decreased the absolute weight of spleen in male mice. These findings indicated that the approximate lethal dose of mumefural in ICR mice was >5000 mg/kg. No significant mumefural toxicity was observed at ≤5000 mg/kg. Our findings provide a basis for conducting future detailed studies to evaluate reproductive, neurological, genetic, and chronic toxicity of mumefural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungim Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (J.K.); (M.H.)
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Mira Han
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (J.K.); (M.H.)
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Won Kyung Jeon
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (J.K.); (M.H.)
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-868-9505
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16
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Zhang Z, Zhou M, He J, Shi T, Zhang S, Tang N, Chen W. Polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans exposure and altered lung function: The mediating role of oxidative stress. Environ Int 2020; 137:105521. [PMID: 32007688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The lung has been reported to be one of the target organs of polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) in many toxicological studies. While the associations between PCDD/Fs exposure and lung function levels have not been investigated thoroughly. This study aimed to explore these associations and the potential mediating role of oxidative stress. In this study, 201 foundry workers and 222 non-exposed general residents were recruited from central China, and their lung function parameters were measured. Air and food samples were collected to determine the PCDD/Fs levels for individual PCDD/Fs exposure estimation. Serum PCDD/Fs levels were determined in a subgroup of individuals randomly selected from the study population to reflect the body burden. It was found that each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed concentration of PCDD/Fs exposure (fg TEQ/bw/day) was associated with a 0.47 L decrease in FVC and a 0.25 L decrease in FEV1. Each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed concentration of serum PCDD/Fs (fg TEQ/g lipid) was associated with a 0.36 L decrease in FVC and a 0.24 L decrease in FEV1. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was not only positively related to PCDD/Fs exposure, but also inversely associated with FVC and FEV1 are FVC (β = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.22 to -0.08) and FEV1 (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.13 to -0.02). Mediation analysis revealed that urinary 8-OHdG mediated 12.22% of the associations of external PCDD/Fs exposure with FVC levels, 28.61% and 27.87% of the associations of serum PCDD/Fs with FVC and FEV1 levels respectively. Our findings suggested that PCDD/Fs exposure was associated with decreased lung function levels by a mechanism partly involving oxidatively generated damage to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jintong He
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Control, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519060, China
| | - Tingming Shi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Sukun Zhang
- Center for Research on Urban Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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17
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Khalil SR, Salem HFA, Metwally MMM, Emad RM, Elbohi KM, Ali SA. Protective effect of Spirulina platensis against physiological, ultrastructural and cell proliferation damage induced by furan in kidney and liver of rat. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 192:110256. [PMID: 32014724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The modulatory role of the Spirulina platensis (SP) against furan-induced (FU) hepatic and renal damage was assessed in this study. For achieving this, sixty rats were distributed into six groups: control group, SP-administered group (300 mg/kg b.wt orally for 28 days), a FU-intoxicated group (16 mg/kg b.wt, orally, daily for 28 days), protective co-treated group SP/F (administered SP 300 mg/kg b.wt, one week before, and concurrently with FU intoxication), therapeutic co-treated group FU/SP (administered SP 300 mg/kg b.wt, one week after FU intoxication for 28 days) and protective/therapeutic co-treated group SP/FU/SP (administered SP one week before and after, concurrently with FU intoxication). Subsequently, the biochemical responses and the histology of hepatic and renal tissues in treated rats were assessed. The results indicated that FU intoxication induced a significant hepato- and nephropathy represented by the elevation in the values of tissue injury biomarkers and reduction in protein levels. Histologically, a wide range of morphological, cytotoxic, inflammatory, and vascular alterations as well as downregulation in the immunoexpression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the proliferation-associated nuclear antigen (Ki-67) were induced by FU intoxication. Oral SP administration, particularly in the protective/therapeutic co-treated group, markedly supressed the serum levels of the tissue injury biomarkers, diminished the inflammatory response, restored the cytotoxic alterations, upregulated the immunoexpression of PCNA and Ki-67, and restored the perturbed morphology of the hepatic and renal tissues. In conclusion, the obtained data demonstrated that SP co-administration elicits both protective and therapeutic potential against the FU-induced hepato- and nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah R Khalil
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Hoda F A Salem
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | | | - Rasha M Emad
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Khlood M Elbohi
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Sozan A Ali
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Abbas HK, Bellaloui N, Butler AM, Nelson JL, Abou-Karam M, Shier WT. Phytotoxic Responses of Soybean ( Glycine max L.) to Botryodiplodin, a Toxin Produced by the Charcoal Rot Disease Fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E25. [PMID: 31906290 PMCID: PMC7020515 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxins have been proposed to facilitate fungal root infection by creating regions of readily-penetrated necrotic tissue when applied externally to intact roots. Isolates of the charcoal rot disease fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, from soybean plants in Mississippi produced a phytotoxic toxin, (-)-botryodiplodin, but no detectable phaseolinone, a toxin previously proposed to play a role in the root infection mechanism. This study was undertaken to determine if (-)-botryodiplodin induces toxic responses of the types that could facilitate root infection. (±)-Botryodiplodin prepared by chemical synthesis caused phytotoxic effects identical to those observed with (-)-botryodiplodin preparations from M. phaseolina culture filtrates, consistent with fungus-induced phytotoxicity being due to (-)-botryodiplodin, not phaseolinone or other unknown impurities. Soybean leaf disc cultures of Saline cultivar were more susceptible to (±)-botryodiplodin phytotoxicity than were cultures of two charcoal rot-resistant genotypes, DS97-84-1 and DT97-4290. (±)-Botryodiplodin caused similar phytotoxicity in actively growing duckweed (Lemna pausicostata) plantlet cultures, but at much lower concentrations. In soybean seedlings growing in hydroponic culture, (±)-botryodiplodin added to culture medium inhibited lateral and tap root growth, and caused loss of root caps and normal root tip cellular structure. Thus, botryodiplodin applied externally to undisturbed soybean roots induced phytotoxic responses of types expected to facilitate fungal root infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed K. Abbas
- Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;
| | - Nacer Bellaloui
- Crop Genetics Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;
| | - Alemah M. Butler
- Biological Control of Pests Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;
| | - Justin L. Nelson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.L.N.); (M.A.-K.)
| | - Mohamed Abou-Karam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.L.N.); (M.A.-K.)
| | - W. Thomas Shier
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.L.N.); (M.A.-K.)
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Rehman H, Jahan S, Ullah I, Winberg S. Toxicological effects of furan on the reproductive system of male rats: An "in vitro" and "in vivo"-based endocrinological and spermatogonial study. Chemosphere 2019; 230:327-336. [PMID: 31108444 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Furan is a colorless toxic chemical produced in various food items during heat processing and in chemical industries. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that it induces oxidative stress and endocrine disruption; however, limited data are available regarding the effects of furan on the reproduction of mammals. In the present study, an in vitro experiment was designed to investigate the direct effects of furan exposure on oxidative stress and testosterone concentration in rat testicular tissue. Furan not only generated high oxidative stress but also decreased antioxidant enzyme activity in the testicular tissue. On the basis of in vitro study results, an in vivo sub-chronic exposure study was performed. Male rats were orally exposed to different concentrations of furan (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg kg-1). An increase (P < 0.05) of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and of the lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL) in higher dose treatment groups of furan was observed, while total protein content and antioxidant enzyme activity were considerably decreased after furan exposure. Also, plasma and intratesticular testosterone concentrations were reduced in high-dose treatment groups. Sperm parameters such as sperm viability, sperm count, and sperm motility showed a decrease (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological findings revealed significant alterations in testis and epididymis tissues. These results confirm that furan can induce toxic effects on the reproductive system of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Rehman
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Imdad Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havalian, Abbottabad, Pakistan; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, PO Box NO 593, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Svante Winberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, Uppsala Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, PO Box NO 593, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Sirot V, Rivière G, Leconte S, Vin K, Traore T, Jean J, Carne G, Gorecki S, Veyrand B, Marchand P, Le Bizec B, Jean-Pierre C, Feidt C, Vasseur P, Lambert M, Inthavong C, Guérin T, Hulin M. French infant total diet study: Dietary exposure to heat-induced compounds (acrylamide, furan and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and associated health risks. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 130:308-316. [PMID: 31102675 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A total diet study (TDS) was conducted between 2010 and 2016 to assess the risk associated with chemicals in food of non-breast-fed children from 1 to 36 months living in France. Food samples were collected, prepared "as consumed", and analyzed for chemicals of public health interest. Acrylamide, furan and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed as heat-induced compounds produced mainly during thermal processing of foods. Dietary exposure was assessed for 705 representative children using food consumptions recorded through a 3-consecutive-days record. As all calculated margins of exposure (MOE) for PAHs exceeded 10 000, dietary exposure of the infant and toddler population was deemed tolerable with regard to the carcinogenic risk. Conversely, the exposure levels to acrylamide and furan were considered as of concern, requiring management measures to reduce the exposure essentially by reducing the formation of heat-induced compounds during food production or preparation processes. Efforts should mainly focus on major contributors to the exposure, i.e. sweet and savoury biscuits and bars, and potatoes and potato products for acrylamide, baby jars of vegetables, with or without meat or fish for acrylamide and furan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Sirot
- Risk Assessment Department (DER), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Gilles Rivière
- Risk Assessment Department (DER), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphane Leconte
- Risk Assessment Department (DER), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Karine Vin
- Risk Assessment Department (DER), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thiema Traore
- Risk Assessment Department (DER), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julien Jean
- Risk Assessment Department (DER), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Géraldine Carne
- Risk Assessment Department (DER), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sébastien Gorecki
- Risk Assessment Department (DER), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | | | - Cravedi Jean-Pierre
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-EI-Purpan, Université de Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- URAFPA, Université de Lorraine, INRA, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, F-54500, Vandoeuvre, France
| | - Paule Vasseur
- University of Lorraine, CNRS UMR, 7360, Metz, France
| | - Marine Lambert
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Chanthadary Inthavong
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thierry Guérin
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Laboratory for Food Safety, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marion Hulin
- Risk Assessment Department (DER), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
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21
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Bluhm K, Heger S, Redelstein R, Brendt J, Anders N, Mayer P, Schaeffer A, Hollert H. Genotoxicity of three biofuel candidates compared to reference fuels. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 64:131-138. [PMID: 30391874 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Global demand for alternative energy sources increases due to concerns regarding energy security and greenhouse gas emissions. However, little is known regarding the impacts of biofuels to the environment and human health even though the identification of such impacts is important to avoid biofuels leading to undesired effects. In this study mutagenicity and genotoxicity of the three biofuel candidates ethyl levulinate (EL), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) and 2-methylfuran (2-MF) were investigated in comparison to two petroleum-derived fuels and a biodiesel. None of the samples induced mutagenicity in the Ames fluctuation test. However, the Micronucleus assay revealed significant effects in Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) V79 cells caused by the potential biofuels. 2-MF revealed the highest toxic potential with significant induction of micronuclei below 20.0 mg/L. EL and 2-MTHF induced micronuclei only at very high concentrations (>1000.0 mg/L). In regard to the genotoxic potential of 2-MF, its usage as biofuel should be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Bluhm
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heger
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Regine Redelstein
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Brendt
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nico Anders
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Enzyme Process Technology, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Schaeffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Chongqing University, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing, 400715, China; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Chongqing University, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing, 400715, China; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, 210093, China; Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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22
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Wu H, Rao Q, Zheng J, Mao C, Sun Y, Gu D, Wang M, Liu X. Biochemical and histological alterations in adult zebrafish(Danio rerio)ovary following exposure to the tetronic acid insecticide spirotetramat. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 164:149-154. [PMID: 30107324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a new tetronic acid derivative insecticide, spirotetramat has been reported to be toxic to an array of aquatic organisms. However, the toxic effects of spirotetramat on zebrafish especially at ovary are still obscure. Hereby, the acute toxicity of spirotetramat towards zebrafish(Danio rerio),as well as the changes on biochemical and histological traits of ovary were investigated. The acute toxicity test results showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) value of spirotetramat were 9.61 mg/L and 7.21 mg/L at 72 h and 96 h, respectively, suggesting spirotetramat has moderate toxicity to zebrafish. In the following sub-lethal toxicity test, the gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and gonadotropic hormone receptor (FSHR and LHR) together with the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in ovary were measured at 14, 21, and 28 days after exposure to 36, 360 and 720 μg/L. Under high concentration treatment (360 and 720 μg/L), MDA content, the relative transcription CAT and SOD gene level increased significantly in ovary (p < 0.05). That indicated sub-lethal doses spirotetramat caused oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in zebrafish ovary during the entire experimental period. Under the exposure to spirotetramat at 720 μg/L after 14 days, the relative transcript FSHR gene level was down regulated, and the relative transcript LHR gene level was up regulated. Moreover, spirotetramat affected the oocyte development especially on the diameter size and maturation during the ovary tissue biopsies at 28 days. Taken together, these findings revealed the adverse effects of spirotetramat on fish from the biochemical and histological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Wu
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Lin'an, HangZhou 311300, China
| | - Qiong Rao
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Lin'an, HangZhou 311300, China
| | - Junyao Zheng
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Lin'an, HangZhou 311300, China
| | - Chenlei Mao
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Lin'an, HangZhou 311300, China
| | - Yongqi Sun
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Lin'an, HangZhou 311300, China
| | - Danlu Gu
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Lin'an, HangZhou 311300, China
| | - Mengcen Wang
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, HangZhou 310058, China
| | - Xunyue Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A& F University, Lin'an, HangZhou 311300, China.
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23
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Heger S, Bluhm K, Du M, Lehmann G, Anders N, Dechambre D, Bardow A, Schäffer A, Hollert H. Aquatic toxicity of biofuel candidates on Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 164:125-130. [PMID: 30099173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing need for carbon-neutral, low-emission transportation sector has led to the development of advanced biofuels with tailor-made production and combustion processes. Even though the large-scale deployment of these advanced biofuels also increases the risk for their release into the environment, their toxic potency remains largely unknown. To identify hazardous biofuel candidates as early as possible, the fuel development process can be expanded by "Green Toxicology". To demonstrate such early Green Toxicology testing, this study investigates the aquatic toxicity for the two biofuel candidates 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) and 2-methylfuran (2-MF) on Daphnia magna. We performed the prolonged acute immobilisation assay (96 h) and the D. magna reproduction test. 2-MF induced acute effects on D. magna that were two orders of magnitude stronger than those of 2-MTHF. Furthermore, both substances affected the growth and reproductive output of D. magna in a 21 d reproduction test, with 2-MF already inducing effects with concentrations one to two orders of magnitude lower than those of 2-MTHF. Thus, our assessment of the aquatic toxicity suggests that further biofuel development should focus on 2-MTHF. Furthermore, the acute immobilisation test with D. magna was identified as a promising tool for a rapid and sensitive "Green Toxicology" screening of further biofuel candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heger
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Bluhm
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miaomiao Du
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Lehmann
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nico Anders
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Enzyme Process Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominique Dechambre
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, Aachen, Germany
| | - André Bardow
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Chair of Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Aachen, Germany; Chongqing University, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing, China; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany; Chongqing University, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing, China; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing, China; Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Awad A, Khalil SR, Farag MR, Nassan MA. Differential susceptibility of kidneys and livers to proliferative processes and transcriptional level of the genes encoding desmin, vimentin, connexin 43, and nestin in rats exposed to furan. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 162:235-244. [PMID: 29990736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to assess the differential toxic impact, induced by furan exposure, on the liver and kidney tissues by estimating reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative damage, and the tissue injury markers in a male rat model. To explain such impacts, 20 rats were assigned into two groups: a control group, where rats were administered corn oil as a vehicle, and a furan-administered group, where furan was orally administered to rats at a dose of 16 mg/kg b wt/day (five days per week over eight weeks). The transcriptional levels of intermediate filament proteins (desmin, vimentin, nestin, and connexin 43) were assessed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the cell proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA] and proliferation-associated nuclear antigen [Ki-67]) were recognized by immunohistochemical analysis. Furthermore, the ultrastructural changes of liver and kidney were monitored using electron microscopy. Our findings showed that furan exposure could induce hepatic and renal damage to different extents. Furan can increase the ROS content, oxidative damage indices, and liver tissue injury indices but not kidney injury indices. Furthermore, it decreases the TAC in the serum of exposed rats. In addition, furan exposure was associated with changes in the mRNA expression pattern of intermediate filament proteins in both kidney and liver tissues. Moreover, furan enhances the expression of PCNA and Ki-67 in the liver tissues but not in the kidney tissues. The ultrastructure evaluation revealed the incidence of glomerular podocyte degeneration and hepatocyte injury. These results conclusively demonstrate that the deleterious effects of furan are caused by promoting fibrosis and hepatocyte proliferation in liver tissues and triggering podocyte injury in the kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Awad
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah R Khalil
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mayada Ragab Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo Nassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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25
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Abd El-Hakim YM, Mohamed WA, El-Metwally AE. Spirulina platensis attenuates furan reprotoxicity by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in testis of rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 161:25-33. [PMID: 29857230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Furan is a common food contaminant and environmental pollutant. Spirulina platensis (SP) is a blue-green algae extensively used as therapeutic and health supplements. This study aimed to explore the probable beneficial role of SP against the influence of furan on reproductive system of male rats. Adult male rats were divided into control, vehicle control, SP (300 mg/kg bwt/ day, 7 days), furan (16 mg/kg bwt/ day,30 day), SP/furan, furan/SP and furan+SP groups. Hematology, sperm count, sperm morphology, serum testosterone (TES), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) levels, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), testicular enzymes, and pro inflammatory cytokines were estimated. In addition, histopathology of testis and seminal vesicles and apoptosis were evaluated. Anaemia, leukocytosis, and reduced gonadosomatic index were observed in the furan treated group. TES, LH, FSH, E2, and GSH were significantly decreased following furan treatment. MDA, testicular enzymes, and pro inflammatory cytokines were significantly incremented in testis of furan treated rats. Furan induced apoptic changes in testis. SP significantly counteracted furan reprotoxic impacts, particularly at co-exposure. Conclusively, these findings verified that SP could be candidate therapy against furan reprotoxic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd El-Hakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa A Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abeer E El-Metwally
- Pathology Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute (A.R.R.I.), Giza, Egypt
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Fiaz M, Martínez LC, Costa MDS, Cossolin JFS, Plata-Rueda A, Gonçalves WG, Sant'Ana AEG, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE. Squamocin induce histological and ultrastructural changes in the midgut cells of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 156:1-8. [PMID: 29524778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Annonaceous acetogenins (Annona squamosa Linnaeus) comprises of a series of natural products which are extracted from Annonaceae species, squamocin proved to be highly efficient among those agents. Squamocin is mostly referred as a lethal agent for midgut cells of different insects, with toxic effects when tested against larva of some insects. In present study, LC50 and LC90 of squamocin for A. gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were calculated using probit analysis. Morphological changes in midgut cells were analyzed under light, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopes when larvae were treated with LC50 and LC90 of squamocin for 24, 48 and 72 h. Results revealed that the maximum damage to midgut cells was found under LC90 where it showed digestive cells with enlarged basal labyrinth, highly vacuolated cytoplasm, damaged apical surface, cell protrusions to the gut lumen, autophagy and cell death. The midgut goblet cells showed a strong disorganization of their microvilli. Likewise, in insects treated with squamocin, mitochondria were not marked with Mitotracker fluorescent probe, suggesting some molecular damage in these organelles, which was reinforced by decrease in the respiration rate in these insects. These results demonstrate that squamocin has potential to induce enough morphological changes in midgut through epithelial cell damage in A. gemmatalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fiaz
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luis Carlos Martínez
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Angelica Plata-Rueda
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Antônio Euzébio Goulart Sant'Ana
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Avenida Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Albouchi A, Russ J, Murkovic M. Parameters affecting the exposure to furfuryl alcohol from coffee. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:473-479. [PMID: 29842908 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, furfuryl alcohol (FFA) was labelled a human potential carcinogen (group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Its alimentary exposure is mostly from coffee since in any other foods the concentrations are significantly lower. The various storage conditions of roasted coffee, the different brewing techniques applied and the bioaccessibility after ingestion are potential parameters that might alter the exposure to FFA from coffee. An 8 weeks stability study at varying temperatures showed that FFA is stable in the ground coffee matrix. Moreover, different brewing techniques extracted different amounts of FFA and affected its final concentration. The evaluation of the relative exposure to four furans (FFA, 5-hydroxymethyl-furaldehyde, 2-furoic acid, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid) revealed that FFA amounts were at least 2-fold the amounts of other studied furans in the same brew. A 22-fold variation in the concentration of the four furans in brews prepared using different coffee grounds and brewing techniques could be observed. 90% of the four furans were extracted by the first 25-30% fraction of the filter brew. A significant decrease of FFA is observed after stressing with simulated gastric fluid. However, this decrease could not be reproduced when mimicking a regular coffee ingestion situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullatif Albouchi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10-12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Julia Russ
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10-12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Murkovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 10-12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Mazzeo G, Cimmino A, Masi M, Longhi G, Maddau L, Memo M, Evidente A, Abbate S. Importance and Difficulties in the Use of Chiroptical Methods to Assign the Absolute Configuration of Natural Products: The Case of Phytotoxic Pyrones and Furanones Produced by Diplodia corticola. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:2406-2415. [PMID: 28901768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
α-Pyrones and furanones are metabolites produced by Diplodia corticola, a pathogen of cork oak. Previously, the absolute configuration (AC) of diplopyrone was defined by chiroptical methods and Mosher's method. Using X-ray and chiroptical methods, the AC of sapinofuranone C was assigned, while that of the (4S,5S)-enantiomer of sapinofuranone B was established by enantioselective total synthesis. Diplofuranone A and diplobifuranylones A-C ACs are still unassigned. Here electronic and vibrational circular dichroism (ECD and VCD) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) spectra are reported and compared with density functional theory computations. The AC of the (4S,5S)-enantiomer of sapinofuranone B and sapinofuranone C is checked for completeness. The AC of diplobifuranylones A-C is assigned as (2S,2'S,5'S,6'S), (2S,2'R,5'S,6'R), and (2S,2'S,5'R,6'R), respectively, with the Mosher's method applied to define the absolute configuration of the carbinol stereogenic carbon. The AC assignment of sapinofuranones is problematic: while diplofuranone A is (4S,9R), sapinofuranones B and C are (4S,5S) according to ORD and VCD, but not to ECD. To eliminate these ambiguities, ECD and VCD spectra of a di-p-bromobenzoate derivative of sapinofuranone C are measured and calculated. For phytotoxicity studies, it is relevant that all six compounds share the S configuration for the stereogenic carbon atom of the lactone moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia , Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessio Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia , Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Maddau
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, Università degli Studi di Sassari , Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia , Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo , Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia , Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Sachse B, Hielscher J, Lampen A, Abraham K, Monien BH. A hemoglobin adduct as a biomarker for the internal exposure to the rodent carcinogen furfuryl alcohol. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3843-3855. [PMID: 28597227 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Furfuryl alcohol is a common food contaminant, which is formed by acid- and heat-catalyzed degradation of fructose and glucose. Its carcinogenic effect in rodents originates most likely from sulfotransferase (SULT)-catalyzed conversion into the mutagenic sulfate ester 2-sulfoxymethylfuran. In this study, a protein adduct biomarker was sought for the medium-term internal exposure to furfuryl alcohol. A UPLC-MS/MS screening showed that the adduct N-((furan-2-yl)methyl)-Val (FFA-Val) at the N-terminus of hemoglobin is a valid target analyte. The Val cleavage by fluorescein isothiocyanate-mediated Edman degradation yielded 3-fluorescein-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (FFA-Val-FTH), which was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. An isotope-dilution method for the quantification of FFA-Val-FTH by UPLC-MS/MS was developed. It was used to study the adduct formation in furfuryl alcohol-treated FVB/N mice and the influence of ethanol and the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole on the adduct levels. The administration of 400 mg/kg body weight furfuryl alcohol alone led to 12.5 and 36.7 pmol FFA-Val/g Hb in blood samples of male and female animals, respectively. The co-administration of 1.6 g ethanol/kg body weight increased FFA-Val levels by 1.4-fold in males and by 1.5-fold in females. The co-administration of 100 mg 4-methylpyrazole/kg body weight had a similar effect on the adduct levels. A high correlation was observed between adduct levels in hemoglobin and in hepatic DNA samples determined in the same animal experiment. This indicated that FFA-Val is a valid biomarker for the internal exposure to 2-sulfoxymethylfuran, which may be suitable to monitor furfuryl alcohol exposure also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sachse
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
- Research Group Genotoxic Food Contaminants, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jan Hielscher
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
- Research Group Genotoxic Food Contaminants, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Costa MS, Santana AE, Oliveira LL, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE. Toxicity of squamocin on Aedes aegypti larvae, its predators and human cells. Pest Manag Sci 2017; 73:636-640. [PMID: 27366879 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mosquito Aedes aegypti transmits a virus that causes diverse human diseases, and control of the vector is an important strategy to avoid disease propagation. Plants in the family Annonaceae are recognised as sources of molecules with uses in the medical and agriculture fields. Molecules of secondary metabolites of Annonaceae plants exhibit insecticidal potential against insect pests and vectors, especially acetogenins, showing high toxicity at low doses, which has encouraged research into producing new insecticide molecules. Herein, we identify an acetogenin from Annona mucosa seeds (chemical analysis) and provide the results of toxicity tests against larvae of A. aegypti (target insect) and its predators Culex bigoti and Toxorhynchites theobaldi (non-target insects) and cytotoxicity to human leukocytes. RESULTS We identified squamocin (C37 H66 O7 ), a fatty acid with a bis-tetrahydrofuran ring. In A. aegypti, this compound caused behavioural disturbance before larval death and high mortality at low concentrations (LC50 = 0.01 µg mL-1 and LC90 = 0.11 µg mL-1 ). However, in predators and human leukocytes, squamocin showed no toxicity effect, indicating the selectivity of this molecule for non-target organisms. CONCLUSION We identified squamocin from A. mucosa seeds, which exhibited lethal action against A. aegypti and showed selectivity for non-target insects and low cytotoxicity to human cells. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilza S Costa
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio Eg Santana
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Leandro L Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José C Zanuncio
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José E Serrão
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Cell, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Alam RT, Zeid EHA, Imam TS. Protective role of quercetin against hematotoxic and immunotoxic effects of furan in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:3780-3789. [PMID: 27889890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Furan (Fu) is a liver carcinogen produced during heating process of food and concerns a public health problem. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the protective role of quercetin (Que) on Fu-induced hematological, immunological, and histopathological alterations in rats. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five equal groups. Group I (Cont) received distilled water, group II (CO) received corn oil, group III (Que) received Que at 50 mg/kg BW, group IV (Fu) received Fu at 16 mg/kg BW, and group V received Que + Fu simultaneously; all groups gavaged daily for 30 days. Our results revealed that Fu administration significantly elevated RBCs, Hb, PCV, WBCs, lymphocytes, and granulocytes and reduced phagocytic percent (Ph%) and index (PhI). Fu decreased the serum total protein, albumin, globulin, IgM, IgG, and IL4, with a significant increase in the TNFα and 8-OHdG. Moreover, it decreased the GSH content and GST activity and increased the MDA levels in the splenic tissue. Histopathologically, Fu led to a moderate depletion in the lymphoid cells and weak immunostaining of CD20 antigen of few lymphocytes appeared in the spleen. Meanwhile, Que co-administration ameliorated the altered hematological parameters and improved the Ph% and PhI. It modulated the serum biochemical parameters and immunoglobulins. Moreover, it decreased lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant status in the spleen. The results indicated that Que possesses antioxidant protective activity against Fu-induced oxidative damage and stimulates the immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha T Alam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ehsan H Abu Zeid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt
| | - Tamer S Imam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, 44511, Egypt
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Von Tungeln LS, Walker NJ, Olson GR, Mendoza MCB, Felton RP, Thorn BT, Marques MM, Pogribny IP, Doerge DR, Beland FA. Low dose assessment of the carcinogenicity of furan in male F344/N Nctr rats in a 2-year gavage study. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 99:170-181. [PMID: 27871980 PMCID: PMC5375162 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Furan is a volatile organic chemical that is a contaminant in many common foods. Furan is hepatocarcinogenic in mice and rats; however, the risk to humans from dietary exposure to furan cannot be estimated accurately because the lowest tested dose of furan in a 2-year bioassay in rats gave nearly a 100% incidence of cholangiocarcinoma. To provide bioassay data that can be used in preparing risk assessments, the carcinogenicity of furan was determined in male F344/N Nctr rats administered 0, 0.02, 0.044, 0.092, 0.2, 0.44, 0.92, and 2 mg furan/kg body weight (BW) by gavage 5 days/week for 2 years. Exposure to furan was associated with the development of malignant mesothelioma on membranes surrounding the epididymis and on the testicular tunics, with the increase being significant at 2 mg furan/kg BW. There was also a dose-related increase in the incidence of mononuclear cell leukemia, with the increase in incidence being significant at 0.092, 0.2, 0.92, and 2 mg furan/kg BW. Dose-related non-neoplastic liver lesions included cholangiofibrosis, mixed cell foci, basophilic foci, biliary tract hyperplasia, oval cell hyperplasia, regenerative hyperplasia, and cytoplasmic vacuolization. The most sensitive non-neoplastic lesion was cholangiofibrosis, the frequency of which increased significantly at 0.2 mg furan/kg BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Von Tungeln
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Nigel J Walker
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Greg R Olson
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Maria C B Mendoza
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Robert P Felton
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Brett T Thorn
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - M Matilde Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Daniel R Doerge
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
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Dereumeaux C, Saoudi A, Pecheux M, Berat B, de Crouy-Chanel P, Zaros C, Brunel S, Delamaire C, le Tertre A, Lefranc A, Vandentorren S, Guldner L. Biomarkers of exposure to environmental contaminants in French pregnant women from the Elfe cohort in 2011. Environ Int 2016; 97:56-67. [PMID: 27788374 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of the perinatal component of the French Human Biomonitoring (HBM) program, biomarkers levels of various chemicals have been described among pregnant women having given birth in continental France in 2011 and who have been enrolled in the Elfe cohort (French Longitudinal Study since Childhood). This paper describes the design of the study and provides main descriptive results regarding exposure biomarkers levels. METHODS Exposure biomarkers were measured in biological samples collected at delivery from pregnant women randomly selected among the participants in the clinical and biological component of the Elfe cohort (n=4145). The geometric mean and percentiles of the levels distribution were estimated for each biomarker. The sampling design was taken into account in order to obtain estimates representative of the French pregnant women in 2011. RESULTS Results provide a nation-wide representative description of biomarker levels for important environmental contaminants among pregnant women who gave birth in France in 2011. Bisphenol A (BPA), and some metabolites of phthalates, pesticides (mainly pyrethroids), dioxins, furans, polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and metals (except uranium) were quantified in almost 100% of the pregnant women. Some compounds showed a downward trend compared to previous studies (lead, mercury), but others did not (pyrethroids) and should be further monitored. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES The present results show that French pregnant women are exposed to a wide variety of pollutants, including some that have been banned or restricted in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Dereumeaux
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France.
| | - Abdesattar Saoudi
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Marie Pecheux
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Bénédicte Berat
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Perrine de Crouy-Chanel
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Zaros
- French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (Inserm), The "Elfe" INED-INSERM-EFS team, 133, boulevard Davout, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Serge Brunel
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Delamaire
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Alain le Tertre
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Agnès Lefranc
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Guldner
- Direction of Environmental Health, Santé publique France, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint Maurice Cedex, France
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Wimmerová S, van den Berg M, Chovancová J, Patayová H, Jusko TA, van Duursen MBM, Palkovičová Murínová Ľ, Canton RF, van Ede KI, Trnovec T. Relative effect potency estimates of dioxin-like activity for dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs in adults based on cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 gene expression in blood. Environ Int 2016; 96:24-33. [PMID: 27588699 PMCID: PMC6047354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the risk assessment of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like (DL) PCBs, regulatory authorities support the use of the toxic equivalency factor (TEF)-scheme derived from a heterogeneous data set of the relative effect potency (REPs) estimates. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine REPs for dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) using expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 mRNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells representing two different pathways. METHODS We used a sex and age adjusted regression-based approach comparing the strength of association between each DLC and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 mRNA expression in 320 adults residing in an organochlorine-polluted area of eastern Slovakia. RESULTS We calculated REPs based on CYP1A1 expression for 4 PCDDs, 8 PCDFs, and 1 PCB congener, and based on CYP1B1 expression for 5 PCDFs and 11 PCB congeners. REPs from CYP1A1 correlated with REPs previously derived from thyroid volume (ρ=0.85; p<0.001) and serum FT4 (ρ=0.77; p=0.009). The 13 log REPs from CYP1A1 correlated with log WHO-TEFs (r=0.63; p=0.015) and 11 log PCB REPs with PCB consensus toxicity factors (CTFs) for compounds with WHO-TEFs (r=0.80; p=0.003). The complete set of derived 56 log REPs correlated with the log CTFs (r=0.77; p=0.001) and log WHO-TEFs (r=0.81; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS REPs calculated from thyroid and cytochrome P450 endpoints realistically reflect human exposure scenarios because they are based on human chronic and low-dose exposures. While the CYP 1A1 seems more suitable for toxicity evaluation of PCDD/Fs, the CYP 1B1 is more apt for PCDFs and PCBs and reflects different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jana Chovancová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | - Todd A Jusko
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Majorie B M van Duursen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Rocio F Canton
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karin I van Ede
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508, TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Bluhm K, Seiler TB, Anders N, Klankermayer J, Schaeffer A, Hollert H. Acute embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of three potential biofuels also used as flavor or solvent. Sci Total Environ 2016; 566-567:786-795. [PMID: 27243931 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The demand for biofuels increases due to concerns regarding greenhouse gas emissions and depletion of fossil oil reserves. Many substances identified as potential biofuels are solvents or already used as flavors or fragrances. Although humans and the environment may be readily exposed little is known regarding their (eco)toxicological effects. In this study, the three potential biofuels ethyl levulinate (EL), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) and 2-methylfuran (2-MF) were investigated for their acute embryo toxicity and teratogenicity using the fish embryo toxicity (FET) test to identify unknown hazard potentials and to allow focusing further research on substances with low toxic potentials. In addition, two fossil fuels (diesel and gasoline) and an established biofuel (rapeseed oil methyl ester) were investigated as references. The FET test is widely accepted and used in (eco)toxicology. It was performed using the zebrafish Danio rerio, a model organism useful for the prediction of human teratogenicity. Testing revealed a higher acute toxicity for EL (LC50: 83mg/L) compared to 2-MTHF (LC50: 2980mg/L), 2-MF (LC50: 405mg/L) and water accommodated fractions of the reference fuels including gasoline (LC50: 244mg DOC/L). In addition, EL caused a statistically significant effect on head development resulting in elevated head lengths in zebrafish embryos. Results for EL reduce its likelihood of use as a biofuel since other substances with a lower toxic potential are available. The FET test applied at an early stage of development might be a useful tool to avoid further time and money requiring steps regarding research on unfavorable biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Bluhm
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nico Anders
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Enzyme Process Technology, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klankermayer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaeffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Chongqing University, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing 400715, China; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Chongqing University, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing 400715, China; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing 210093, China; Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Huffman MP, Høie AH, Svendsen C, Brunborg G, Murkovic M, Glatt H, Husøy T. An in vitro study on the genotoxic effect of substituted furans in cells transfected with human metabolizing enzymes: 2,5-dimethylfuran and furfuryl alcohol. Mutagenesis 2016; 31:597-602. [PMID: 27226491 PMCID: PMC4992344 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) and furfuryl alcohol (FFA) are two substituted furans that are formed during the processing of foods and have also been used as food flavorings. DMF and FFA are proposed to be bioactivated by human sulfotransferases (SULTs) which are not expressed in conventional cell lines used for genotoxicity testing. Therefore, in addition to the standard V79 cell line, we used a transfected V79 derived cell line co-expressing human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 and human SULT1A1 to assess the genotoxicity of DMF and FFA. The alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay was used to detect DNA damage in the form of single strand breaks and alkali-labile sites after exposure to DMF (0.5h; 0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2mM) or FFA (3h; 1, 3, 6 or 15mM). DMF induced DNA damage in V79 cells in a concentration-dependent manner irrespective of the expression of human CYP2E1 and SULT1A1. Almost no increase in the level of DNA damage was detected after exposure to FFA, except for a weak effect at the highest concentration in the transfected cell line. The results suggest that DNA damage in V79 cells from exposure to DMF detected by the alkaline SCGE assay is independent of human CYP2E1 and SULT1A1, and the genotoxic effect of FFA, as assessed by SCGE, is minimal in V79 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minor P Huffman
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja H Høie
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Svendsen
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), NO-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Murkovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hansruedi Glatt
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany, and Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Trine Husøy
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), NO-0403 Oslo, Norway,
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Resende GC, Alvarenga ES, de Araújo TA, Campos JN, Pincanço MC. Toxicity to Diaphania hyalinata, selectivity to non-target species and phytotoxicity of furanones and phthalide analogues. Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72:1772-1777. [PMID: 26679429 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being of great importance to crop protection, the disadvantages of intensive and inappropriate use of pesticides have stimulated the search for more selective and less harmful agrochemicals. Thus, we have evaluated the effectiveness of 16 synthetic molecules (phthalides and precursors) to control the melonworm Diaphania hyalinata, a key pest in cucurbit crops of economic importance in Brazil. The selectivity to beneficial organisms Solenopsis saevissima and Tetragonisca angustula and the phytotoxicity to Cucumis sativus of the promising insecticides were also assessed. RESULTS In the screening assay, compounds 1 and 6 provided 91 and 88% mortality of the melonworm. Compound 1 presented higher toxicity (median lethal dose LD50 = 15.99 µmol g(-1) ) and higher speed on pest control (median survival time LT50 = 420 min) than compound 6 (LD50 = 44.51 µmol g(-1) and LT50 = 840 min). Both compounds inhibited less than 11% of host-plant growth and caused ≤36 and ≥93% mortality of predator and pollinator respectively. CONCLUSION Among the tested compounds, only compounds 1 and 6 were effective in melonworm control. Both compounds presented no considerable phytotoxicity and were selective to predator but non-selective to pollinator, which enables their application for pest control if the exposure of the bees is minimised. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela C Resende
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Elson S Alvarenga
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Tamíris A de Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Júlia Nd Campos
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Pincanço
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Wang D, Lin Z, Huo Z, Wang T, Yao Z, Cong Y. Mechanism-based QSAR Models for the Toxicity of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors to Gram-negative and Gram-positive Bacteria. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 97:145-150. [PMID: 27084097 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) are a promising alternative to the antibiotics and unlikely to induce drug resistance. However, toxicity studies on the QSIs remain limited; therefore in this paper we investigated the acute (15 min) and chronic (24 h) toxicity of some potential QSIs on both gram-negative (V. fischeri) and gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis). It was found that the toxicity of the QSIs differed with the toxicity test periods. QSAR models were developed for both the acute and chronic toxicity, using the interaction energies between QSIs and the relevant proteins, and the frontier orbital energies. Based on the QSAR models, it was suggested that QSIs primarily bind with the luciferase at 15 min, but LuxR at 24 h in V. fischeri; whereas in B. subtilis, the QSIs mainly bind with LuxS. Our study provided an insight into the toxicity mechanism for QSIs during different exposure periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhengyang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongping Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Everett CJ, Thompson OM. Association of dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in human blood with nephropathy among US teens and young adults. Rev Environ Health 2016; 31:195-201. [PMID: 26982604 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the association of three chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, a chlorinated dibenzofuran, and four dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human blood with nephropathy (microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria) among teens and young adults (12-30 years old) having normal glycohemoglobin (A1c <5.7%). The data were derived from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (unweighted n=1504, population estimate=38,806,338). In this paper, nephropathy refers to normal A1c with nephropathy. In an all-adult sample (Everett CJ, Thompson OM. Dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in human blood: causes or consequences of diabetic nephropathy? Environ Res 2014;132:126-31), the cut-offs for these chemicals being considered elevated, were defined as the 75th percentile. Using these same cut-offs again, the proportion of those with one or more of the eight dioxin-like compounds elevated was 9.9%. The four chemicals associated with nephropathy were 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, PCB 126, PCB 169, and PCB 156. The proportion with one or more of these four dioxin-like chemicals elevated was 3.9% (unweighted n=46) and the odds ratio (OR) for nephropathy was 7.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-28.1]. The association was strong among females (OR 17.4, 95% CI 3.4-88.6), but among males there were no cases of nephropathy when one or more of the four dioxin-like chemicals were elevated, and therefore no association. In a separate analysis, elevated toxic equivalency, defined using the eight dioxin-like chemicals (TEQ8), was associated with nephropathy. TEQ8 ≥50.12 fg/g included 2.6% of the sample (unweighted n=28) and had an OR of 5.8 (95% 1.3-25.9) for nephropathy. As found in the analysis of one or more of four dioxin-like chemicals elevated, TEQ8 ≥50.12 fg/g was associated with nephropathy among females (OR 11.9, 95% CI 1.6-87.2), but not males. Trends for least-squares means also differed by gender, but there were no significant differences in mean TEQ8 between normal subjects and those having nephropathy in either males or females. We also evaluated pre-diabetes (A1c 5.7-6.4%) without nephropathy and found no associations when one or more of four dioxin-like compounds were elevated, or when TEQ8 was ≥50.12 fg/g. In this study, associations of dioxin-like chemicals with nephropathy were found among females at an early age. Prospective studies are needed to determine if dioxin-like compounds cause nephropathy, or if these relationships are cases of reverse causation.
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Hibi D, Yokoo Y, Suzuki Y, Ishii Y, Jin M, Kijima A, Nohmi T, Nishikawa A, Umemura T. Lack of genotoxic mechanisms in early-stage furan-induced hepatocellular tumorigenesis in gpt delta rats. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:142-149. [PMID: 27143483 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Furan has been used as an intermediate in the chemical-manufacturing industry and has been shown to contaminate various foods. Although furan induces hepatocellular tumors in rodents, equivocal results from in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity tests have caused controversy regarding the involvement of genotoxic mechanisms in furan-induced carcinogenesis. In the present study, to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying furan-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, a comprehensive medium-term analysis was conducted using gpt delta rats treated with furan at carcinogenic doses for 13 weeks. In the liver, the frequencies of gpt and Spi- mutants derived mainly from point and deletion mutations, respectively, were not changed, and there were no furan-specific gpt mutations in furan-treated rats. In contrast, the number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)- positive foci were significantly increased in the high-dose group. Also, the ratio of PCNA-positive hepatocytes was significantly elevated in the same group, as supported by significant increases in cyclin d1 and cyclin e1 mRNA levels. Thus, it is highly probable that cell proliferation, but not genotoxic mechanisms, contribute to the development of GST-P foci in furan-treated rats. Based on the close relationship between GST-P and neoplastic hepatocytes, these data allowed us to hypothesize that cell proliferation following signal transduction other than the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK pathway may play a crucial role in early-stage furan-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hibi
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yu Yokoo
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Meilan Jin
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Aki Kijima
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Takehiko Nohmi
- Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
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Baş H, Pandir D. Protective Effects of Lycopene on Furan-treated Diabetic and Non-diabetic Rat Lung. Biomed Environ Sci 2016; 29:143-147. [PMID: 27003172 DOI: 10.3967/bes2016.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of furan and lycopene on the histopathological and biochemical changes on lungs, body and lung weights, and food consumption of rats. Furan and diabetes caused histopathological changes, increment in malondialdehyde levels, and decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities. Lycopene showed a protective effect against these damages, except for glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Consequently, furan and diabetes resulted in lung toxicity. Our findings demonstrate that furan treatment resulted in more alterations in histology and biochemical parameters in diabetic rats and lycopene showed protective effects against these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Baş
- Bozok University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, 66100, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Dilek Pandir
- Bozok University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, 66100, Yozgat, Turkey
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Høie AH, Svendsen C, Rasmussen T, Alexander J, Husøy T. Intestinal Tumor Development in C57BL/6J-ApcMin/+ Mice Expressing Human Sulphotransferases 1A1 and 1A2 After Oral Exposure to 2,5-Dimethylfuran. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:545-553. [PMID: 26851008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) is formed during heating of foods. Following side chain hydroxylation, DMF could be a substrate for human sulphotransferases (SULTs), which may lead to formation of a DNA reactive electrophile. Only few conflicting in vitro and no in vivo studies on DMF currently exist. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tumorigenic potential of DMF was studied in multiple intestinal neoplasia Apc(Min/+) (Min) mice that are sensitive to intestinal carcinogenesis and express hSULTs 1A1 and 1A2 (Min/hSULT). Min and Min/hSULT mice were orally exposed to DMF for six weeks. RESULTS The intestinal tumor development of untreated female Min/hSULT mice was significantly lower compared to that of untreated Min females. No such effects of hSULTs were seen in males. DMF had a weak tumorigenic potential in the colon of female Min/hSULT mice, but not in males. Tumor development in Min mice was not affected. CONCLUSION Overall, the tumorigenic potential of DMF in a metabolically competent mouse model was not convincing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hortemo Høie
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Svendsen
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Rasmussen
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Office of the Director-General, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Husøy
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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43
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Høie AH, Svendsen C, Brunborg G, Glatt H, Alexander J, Meinl W, Husøy T. Genotoxicity of three food processing contaminants in transgenic mice expressing human sulfotransferases 1A1 and 1A2 as assessed by the in vivo alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Environ Mol Mutagen 2015; 56:709-14. [PMID: 26270892 PMCID: PMC5042101 DOI: 10.1002/em.21963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The food processing contaminants 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 2,5 dimethylfuran (DMF) are potentially both mutagenic and carcinogenic in vitro and/or in vivo, although data on DMF is lacking. The PHIP metabolite N-hydroxy-PhIP and HMF are bioactivated by sulfotransferases (SULTs). The substrate specificity and tissue distribution of SULTs differs between species. A single oral dose of PhIP, HMF or DMF was administered to wild-type (wt) mice and mice expressing human SULT1A1/1A2 (hSULT mice). DNA damage was studied using the in vivo alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. No effects were detected in wt mice. In the hSULT mice, PhIP and HMF exposure increased the levels of DNA damage in the liver and kidney, respectively. DMF was not found to be genotoxic. The observation of increased DNA damage in hSULT mice compared with wt mice supports the role of human SULTs in the bioactivation of N-hydroxy-PhIP and HMF in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hortemo Høie
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental MedicineNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Camilla Svendsen
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental MedicineNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Division of Environmental MedicineNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Hansruedi Glatt
- Department of Nutritional ToxicologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrückeNuthetalGermany
- Department of Food SafetyFederal Institute for Risk AssessmentBerlinGermany
| | - Jan Alexander
- Office of the Director‐GeneralNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Walter Meinl
- Department of Nutritional ToxicologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrückeNuthetalGermany
| | - Trine Husøy
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental MedicineNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
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Webster AF, Chepelev N, Gagné R, Kuo B, Recio L, Williams A, Yauk CL. Impact of Genomics Platform and Statistical Filtering on Transcriptional Benchmark Doses (BMD) and Multiple Approaches for Selection of Chemical Point of Departure (PoD). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136764. [PMID: 26313361 PMCID: PMC4551741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many regulatory agencies are exploring ways to integrate toxicogenomic data into their chemical risk assessments. The major challenge lies in determining how to distill the complex data produced by high-content, multi-dose gene expression studies into quantitative information. It has been proposed that benchmark dose (BMD) values derived from toxicogenomics data be used as point of departure (PoD) values in chemical risk assessments. However, there is limited information regarding which genomics platforms are most suitable and how to select appropriate PoD values. In this study, we compared BMD values modeled from RNA sequencing-, microarray-, and qPCR-derived gene expression data from a single study, and explored multiple approaches for selecting a single PoD from these data. The strategies evaluated include several that do not require prior mechanistic knowledge of the compound for selection of the PoD, thus providing approaches for assessing data-poor chemicals. We used RNA extracted from the livers of female mice exposed to non-carcinogenic (0, 2 mg/kg/day, mkd) and carcinogenic (4, 8 mkd) doses of furan for 21 days. We show that transcriptional BMD values were consistent across technologies and highly predictive of the two-year cancer bioassay-based PoD. We also demonstrate that filtering data based on statistically significant changes in gene expression prior to BMD modeling creates more conservative BMD values. Taken together, this case study on mice exposed to furan demonstrates that high-content toxicogenomics studies produce robust data for BMD modelling that are minimally affected by inter-technology variability and highly predictive of cancer-based PoD doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Francina Webster
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nikolai Chepelev
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rémi Gagné
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Byron Kuo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Leslie Recio
- Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carole L. Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Palvai S, More P, Mapara N, Basu S. Chimeric Nanoparticle: A Platform for Simultaneous Targeting of Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Signaling and Damaging DNA in Cancer Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:18327-35. [PMID: 26258746 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling has been hijacked in different types of cancers. Hence, PI3K inhibitors have emerged as novel targeted therapeutics in cancer treatment as mono and combination therapy along with other DNA damaging drugs. However, targeting PI3K signaling with small molecules leads to the emergence of drug resistance and severe side effects to the cancer patients. To address these, we have developed a biocompatible, biodegradable cholesterol-based chimeric nanoparticle (CNP), which can simultaneously load PI103, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in a controlled ratiometric manner. Size, shape, and morphology of these CNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Increased amounts of PI103, doxorubicin, and cisplatin were released from CNPs through controlled and continuous manner over 120 h at pH = 5.5 compared to neutral pH. The CNPs showed much enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity in HeLa, HL60, MCF7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells compared to a free drug cocktail at 24 and 48 h by inducing apoptosis. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging revealed that indeed these CNPs were internalized into subcellular lysosomes through endocytosis in a time dependent mode over 6 h and retained inside for 48 h in HeLa, MDA-MB-231, and MCF7 cells. These CNPs showed their efficacy by damaging DNA and inhibiting Akt as a downstream modulator of PI3K signaling in HeLa cervical cancer cells. These CNPs have the potential to open up new directions in next-generation nanomedicine by simultaneous targeting of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways and inducing DNA damage for augmented therapeutic outcome by reducing toxic side effects and overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Palvai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune , Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Piyush More
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune , Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikunj Mapara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune , Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune , Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
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Zorofchian Moghadamtousi S, Rouhollahi E, Karimian H, Fadaeinasab M, Firoozinia M, Ameen Abdulla M, Abdul Kadir H. The chemopotential effect of Annona muricata leaves against azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats and the apoptotic effect of Acetogenin Annomuricin E in HT-29 cells: a bioassay-guided approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122288. [PMID: 25860620 PMCID: PMC4393181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Annona muricata has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer and tumors. This study evaluated the chemopreventive properties of an ethyl acetate extract of A. muricata leaves (EEAML) on azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. Moreover, the cytotoxic compound of EEAML (Annomuricin E) was isolated, and its apoptosis-inducing effect was investigated against HT-29 colon cancer cell line using a bioassay-guided approach. This experiment was performed on five groups of rats: negative control, cancer control, EEAML (250 mg/kg), EEAML (500 mg/kg) and positive control (5-fluorouracil). Methylene blue staining of colorectal specimens showed that application of EEAML at both doses significantly reduced the colonic ACF formation compared with the cancer control group. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed the down-regulation of PCNA and Bcl-2 proteins and the up-regulation of Bax protein after administration of EEAML compared with the cancer control group. In addition, an increase in the levels of enzymatic antioxidants and a decrease in the malondialdehyde level of the colon tissue homogenates were observed, suggesting the suppression of lipid peroxidation. Annomuricin E inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells with an IC50 value of 1.62 ± 0.24 μg/ml after 48 h. The cytotoxic effect of annomuricin E was further substantiated by G1 cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis induction in HT-29 cells. Annomuricin E triggered mitochondria-initiated events, including the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the leakage of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Prior to these events, annomuricin E activated caspase 3/7 and caspase 9. Upstream, annomuricin E induced a time-dependent upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 at the mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, these findings substantiate the usage of A. muricata leaves in ethnomedicine against cancer and highlight annomuricin E as one of the contributing compounds in the anticancer activity of A. muricata leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elham Rouhollahi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mehran Fadaeinasab
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Firoozinia
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood Ameen Abdulla
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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47
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Man YB, Chow KL, Wang HS, Sun XL, Wu SC, Cai ZW, Kang Y, Li H, Zheng JS, Giesy JP, Wong MH. Human health risk assessment of soil dioxin/furans contamination and dioxin-like activity determined by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase bioassay. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:5218-5227. [PMID: 25487556 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The major objective of this study was to evaluate the human health risks of agricultural land use conversion to other purposes in Hong Kong, based on the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) and determined dioxin-like activity in soil using ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) bioassay. Hazard quotient showed soils of open burning site (OBS) and electronic waste open burning site (EW (OBS)) exert a relatively higher non-cancer risk on adults (50.9 and 8.00) and children (407 and 64.0) via the pathway of accidental ingestion of soil particles than other types of land use. In addition, the levels of 17 PCDD/Fs congeners in OBS and EW (OBS) soils indicated high and moderate (1654 and 260 in one million people) cancer risks through the above pathway. Furthermore, the biologically derived TCDD concentrations (TEQbio) were also significantly correlated to the chemically derived toxic equivalent concentrations of dioxin-like chemicals (TEQcal (sum of chemically derived 2,3,7,8-TeCDD toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQPCDD/F) and chemically derived dioxin-like PAHs toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQPAH)) (r = 0.770, p <0.05). PCDD/Fs (95.4 to 99.9%) were the major stressor to the TEQcal in the soil samples, indicating higher concentrations of PCDD/Fs derived from chemical analyses may reflect a higher potency of inducing EROD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
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48
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Wall RJ, Fernandes A, Rose M, Bell DR, Mellor IR. Characterisation of chlorinated, brominated and mixed halogenated dioxins, furans and biphenyls as potent and as partial agonists of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Environ Int 2015; 76:49-56. [PMID: 25540854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) binds a variety of chlorinated and brominated dioxins, furans and biphenyls. Mixed halogenated variants have been recently identified in food at significant levels but full characterisation requires potency data in order to gauge their impact on risk assessment. Rat H4IIE and human MCF-7 cells were treated with various mixed halogenated ligands. Antagonist properties were measured by treating cells with various concentrations of TCDD in the presence of EC25 of the putative antagonist. Measurement of CYP1A1 RNA was used to quantify the potency of agonism and antagonism. The PXDDs were found to be slightly less potent than the corresponding fully chlorinated congeners with the exception of 2-B,3,7,8-TriCDD which was 2-fold more potent than TCDD. PXDFs and non-ortho-PXBs were found to be more potent than their chlorinated congeners whilst several mono-ortho-substituted PXBs were shown to have partial agonistic properties. REPs were produced for a range of mixed halogenated AhR-activating ligands providing a more accurate estimation of potency for risk assessment. Several environmentally abundant biphenyls were shown to be antagonists and reduce the ability of TCDD to induce CYP1A1. The demonstration of antagonism for AhR ligands represents a challenge for existing REP risk assessment schemes for AhR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alwyn Fernandes
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Martin Rose
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - David R Bell
- European Chemicals Agency, Annankatu 18, P.O. Box 400, FI-00121 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian R Mellor
- School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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49
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Kumagai K, Minamida M, Akakabe M, Tsuda M, Konishi Y, Tominaga A, Tsuda M, Fukushi E, Kawabata J. Amphirionin-2, a novel linear polyketide with potent cytotoxic activity from a marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium species. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:635-8. [PMID: 25534608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel linear polyketide, amphirionin-2 (1), with two unique hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan moieties has been isolated from the cultivated algal cells of a benthic dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp. (strain KCA09051). The structure was elucidated on the basis of detailed analyses of 2D NMR data, and the absolute configuration of C-5 was determined by using modified Mosher's method. Amphirionin-2 (1) exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against human colon carcinoma Caco-2 cells and human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kumagai
- Science Research Center, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Mika Minamida
- Department of Applied Science, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Mai Akakabe
- Science Research Center, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- Science Research Center, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yuko Konishi
- Science Research Center, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Tominaga
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science and Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masashi Tsuda
- Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8502, Japan.
| | - Eri Fukushi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Jun Kawabata
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
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50
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Fernandes AR, Mortimer D, Wall RJ, Bell DR, Rose M, Carr M, Panton S, Smith F. Mixed halogenated dioxins/furans (PXDD/Fs) and biphenyls (PXBs) in food: occurrence and toxic equivalent exposure using specific relative potencies. Environ Int 2014; 73:104-110. [PMID: 25108070 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of nineteen mixed halogenated (bromo-chloro) dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PXDD/Fs) and biphenyls (PXBs) in a range of foods (n>100) was investigated. The analytical methodology used dual activated carbon column fractionation with high resolution mass spectrometric measurement (13,500-15,000 res). Occurrence was observed in most commonly consumed foods but the most frequent detections of these environmental contaminants were made in shellfish and offal. The concentrations of the individual compounds were condensed into toxic equivalents (TEQs) using recently reported relative potency values. Although representing only a small subset of the full range of toxic PXDD/Fs and PXBs, the TEQs estimated for these compounds ranged from 0.2% to approximately 15% (depending on the food matrix) of the corresponding TEQ for the fully chlorinated analogues. This finding is of great toxicological importance as it implies that a potentially greater magnitude of TEQ could be associated with the full range of toxic PXDD/Fs and PXBs, thus making a significant contribution to dioxin-like toxicity from the diet, to human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwyn R Fernandes
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK.
| | - David Mortimer
- Food Standards Agency, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London WC2B 6NH, UK
| | - Richard J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David R Bell
- European Chemicals Agency, P.O. Box 400, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Rose
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Melanie Carr
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Sean Panton
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Frankie Smith
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
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