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Jozpanahi M, Jafari R, Moharrer M, Mahmoudi P, Saeed SP, Dinmohammadi H. Investigation of IgG Titers in Hemodialysis Patients and Controls Following Administration of the COVID-19 Vaccine. Int Tinnitus J 2024; 27:183-190. [PMID: 38507633 DOI: 10.5935/0946-5448.20230028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients necessitate dialysis when kidney transplantation is not feasible. Hemodialysis patients exhibit higher mortality rates compared to the general population due to uremia and an increased burden of comorbidities. In this vulnerable population, defective innate and adaptive immunity contribute to infectious diseases being a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality. Given the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential for a diminished antibody response to the COVID-19 vaccine among dialysis patients, this study aimed to measure IgG antibody titers in this patient group following COVID-19 vaccination and compare them to healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled hemodialysis patients who had received a minimum of two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine within the past two to six months. Informed consent was obtained from the patients for antibody titer testing. Additional information was collected using a checklist. A control group consisting of individuals who had also received at least two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine was selected and matched to the patient group based on vaccine type, number of doses, and timing of administration. Relevant data for both groups were recorded in the checklist. IgG titers were measured using the indirect ELISA technique to quantify specific IgG against the Spike antigen in the serum samples of both patients and controls. A comparison of IgG titers between the two groups was conducted using SPSS version 26 software. RESULTS The hemodialysis group comprised 44.1% males, while the control group consisted of 67.6% males. The mean age for the hemodialysis and control groups was 59.97±15.92 and 54.79±21.77, respectively. Underlying diseases were present in 76.5% of the hemodialysis group and 58.8% of the control group, with hypertension being the most common comorbidity in both groups. Sinopharm was the most commonly administered vaccine in both groups for both the first and second doses. Vaccine side effects were reported by 50% of hemodialysis patients and 17.6% of the control group. Furthermore, 55.9% of the hemodialysis group and 35.3% of the control group had a history of prior COVID-19 infection before vaccination. The positive IgG titer rates were 94% in the hemodialysis group and 91% in the control group, with no significant difference observed between the two groups (P<0.999). The relationship between positive IgG titers and group membership was not significant across other investigated variables. CONCLUSION The present study revealed no significant difference in IgG titers against the S1 antigen between hemodialysis patients and controls who had received a minimum of two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Furthermore, IgG titers were not associated with age, sex, underlying diseases, vaccine side effects, or behavioral parameters. In addition, an inverse correlation was observed between the duration since the last vaccine dose and the initiation of dialysis, and IgG titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manizheh Jozpanahi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Jafari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Hosein Dinmohammadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Vernet Machado Bressan Wilke M, Iop GD, Faqueti L, Lemos da Silva LA, Kubaski F, Poswar FO, Michelin-Tirelli K, Randon D, Borelli WV, Giugliani R, Schwartz IVD. A Brazilian Rare-Disease Center's Experience with Glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1) in Patients with Gaucher Disease: Exploring a Novel Correlation with IgG Levels in Plasma and a Biomarker Measurement in CSF. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2870. [PMID: 38474117 PMCID: PMC10931658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD, OMIM 230800) is one of the most common lysosomal disorders, being caused by the deficient activity of the enzyme acid β-glucocerebrosidase (Gcase). Three clinical forms of Gaucher's disease (GD) are classified based on neurological involvement. Type 1 (GD1) is non-neuronopathic, while types 2 (GD2) and 3 (GD3) are neuronopathic forms. Gcase catalyzes the conversion of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) into ceramide and glucose. As GlcCer accumulates in lysosomal macrophages, it undergoes deacylation to become glycosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1), which has shown to be a useful and reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of treated and untreated patients with GD. Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among patients with GD and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a non-neoplastic condition that can be a telltale sign of a B clonal proliferation caused by the chronic activation of B cells. This study aimed to quantify Lyso-Gb1 levels in dried blood spots (DBS) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as biomarkers for Gaucher disease (GD) and discuss the association of this biomarker with other clinical parameters. This is a mixed-methods study incorporating both cross-sectional and longitudinal elements within a cohort design with a convenience-sampling strategy. Data collection took place from January 2012 to March 2023. Lyso-Gb1 extraction from DBS involved the use of a methanol-acetonitrile-water mixture, followed by incubation and centrifugation. Analysis was performed using UPLC-MS/MS with MassLynx software version 4.2 and the control group for the DBS measurements included general newborns. CSF Lyso-Gb1 was extracted using ethyl acetate, analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS with a calibration curve, and expressed in pmol/L. Lysosomal activity in CSF was assessed by measuring chitotriosidase (Cht), and other lysosomal enzyme activities were assessed as previously described in the literature. Patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) were used as controls. Thirty-two treated patients (twenty-nine GD1 and three GD3, all on ERT except for one GD type on SRT with eliglustat) and three untreated patients (one GD1, one GD2, and one GD3) were included. When analyzing only the treated GD1 group, a significant correlation was found between lyso-Gb1 and age (rho = -0.447, p = 0.001), ChT, and IgG levels (rho = 0.73, p < 0.001; and rho = 0.36, p = 0.03, respectively). Five GD1 patients (three females, mean age 40 years) also had their CSF collected and analyzed. The average measurement of lyso-Gb1 in CSF was 94 pmol/L (range: 57.1-157.9 pmol/L) versus <6.2 pmol/L in the control group (MLD). This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that lyso-Gb1 has been associated with IgG levels. While this finding reflects a risk for MGUS or MM and not only chronic plasma B-cell activation, it still requires further studies. Moreover, the analysis of CSF lyso-Gb1 levels in GD1 patients was demonstrated to be significantly higher than the control group. This raises the hypothesis that CSF lyso-Gb1 may serve as a valuable indicator for neurological involvement in GD, providing insights into the potential implications for neurological manifestations in GD, including GD1. The correlation between lyso-Gb1 and ChT levels in treated GD1 patients further underscores the interconnectedness of lysosomal markers and their relevance in monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabrielle Dineck Iop
- Biodiscovery Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; (G.D.I.); (L.F.); (L.A.L.d.S.)
| | - Larissa Faqueti
- Biodiscovery Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; (G.D.I.); (L.F.); (L.A.L.d.S.)
| | - Layzon Antonio Lemos da Silva
- Biodiscovery Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; (G.D.I.); (L.F.); (L.A.L.d.S.)
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetics Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA;
| | - Fabiano O. Poswar
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
| | - Kristiane Michelin-Tirelli
- LEIM-Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil;
| | - Dévora Randon
- BRAIN Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Giugliani
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil; (M.V.M.B.W.); (R.G.)
- Biodiscovery Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035903, Brazil; (G.D.I.); (L.F.); (L.A.L.d.S.)
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
- Dasa Genômica, São Paulo 04078013, Brazil
- Casa dos Raros, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
| | - Ida Vanessa D. Schwartz
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil; (M.V.M.B.W.); (R.G.)
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil;
- BRAIN Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Doenças Raras—InRaras, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
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National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital) Experimental Diagnosis Research Committee, Rheumatology and Immunology Physicians Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Autoantibodies Detection Committee, Chinese Rheumatism Data Center. [Consensus on clinical application of immunoglobulin G(4)]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2024; 63:35-40. [PMID: 38186115 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20230929-00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
IgG4 is a subclass of IgG. Elevated serum IgG4 levels are an important serological feature of IgG4 related diseases and serve as a serological marker for assessing disease activity and severity. The harmonization of IgG4 detection is crucial for its clinical application. National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (Peking Union Medical College Hospital), Experimental Diagnosis Research Committee, Rheumatology and Immunology Physicians Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Autoantibodies Detection Committee, and Chinese Rheumatism Data Center have organized clinical and laboratory experts to draft this consensus, aiming to standardize IgG4 detection and provide guideline for clinician and laboratory experts to appropriate utility and interpret IgG4 results in China.
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Gordilho JO, Miyamoto D, Maruta CW, Santo RM, Mahmoud A, Navarro-Rodriguez T, Werneck-Silva AL, de Aguiar LM, Borges IC, Santi CG, Aoki V. Persistence of IgG4 as a potential serological marker of disease activity in patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita treated with rituximab. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e45-e47. [PMID: 37565448 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J O Gordilho
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D Miyamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C W Maruta
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R M Santo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A Mahmoud
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T Navarro-Rodriguez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A L Werneck-Silva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L M de Aguiar
- Department of Ginecology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - I C Borges
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C G Santi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - V Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kanto N, Ohkawa Y, Kitano M, Maeda K, Shiida M, Ono T, Ota F, Kizuka Y, Kunimasa K, Nishino K, Mukai M, Seike M, Azuma A, Harada Y, Fukuda T, Gu J, Taniguchi N. A highly specific antibody against the core fucose of the N-glycan in IgG identifies the pulmonary diseases and its regulation by CCL2. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105365. [PMID: 37865317 PMCID: PMC10663832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan structure is often modulated in disease or predisease states, suggesting that such changes might serve as biomarkers. Here, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the core fucose of the N-glycan in human IgG. Notably, this mAb can be used in Western blotting and ELISA. ELISA using this mAb revealed a low level of the core fucose of the N-glycan in IgG, suggesting that the level of acore fucosylated (noncore fucosylated) IgG was increased in the sera of the patients with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and interstitial pneumonia compared to healthy subjects. In a coculture analysis using human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and antibody-secreting B cells, the downregulation of the FUT8 (α1,6 fucosyltransferase) gene and a low level of core fucose of the N-glycan in IgG in antibody-secreting B cells were observed after coculture. A dramatic alteration in gene expression profiles for cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors were also observed after coculturing, and we found that the identified C-C motif chemokine 2 was partially involved in the downregulation of the FUT8 gene and the low level of core fucose of the N-glycan in IgG in antibody-secreting B cells. We also developed a latex turbidimetric immunoassay using this mAb. These results suggest that communication with C-C motif chemokine 2 between lung cells and antibody-secreting B cells downregulate the level of core fucose of the N-glycan in IgG, i.e., the increased level of acore fucosylated (noncore fucosylated) IgG, which would be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kanto
- Depertment of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohkawa
- Depertment of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Kitano
- Depertment of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan; Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kento Maeda
- Depertment of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shiida
- Research and Development Division, Minaris Medical Co, Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ono
- Research and Development Division, Minaris Medical Co, Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fumi Ota
- Disease Glycomics Team, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikio Mukai
- Deparetment of Medical Check-up, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arata Azuma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Harada
- Depertment of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Depertment of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.
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Rachkovska A, Krenytska D, Karbovskyy V, Raksha N, Halenova T, Vovk T, Savchuk O, Ostapchenko L. A study of fibrinolytic system components in donor groups depending on various titers of circulating anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the bloodstream. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2023; 34:439-445. [PMID: 37577922 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The fibrinolytic system plays an important role in controlling blood coagulation at each stage, from thrombin generation to fibrin clot cleavage. Currently, long-term multiorgan dysfunction post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may include coagulation disorders. Little information is available about the potential causes of post-COVID-19 coagulopathy, but one of them may be subpopulation IgG produced by the immune system against SARS-CoV-2. This article describes the changes in the main parameters of the fibrinolytic system in donors with various titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, which is part of a complex study of the hemostasis system in these donor groups. We determined the most significant parameters of the fibrinolytic system, such as potential activity and amount of plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), amount of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), inhibitory potentials of α-2-antiplasmin, α-1-antitrypsin, α-2-macroglobulin in the blood plasma of donor groups. The obtained results represent the maximum and minimum values of measurement parameters among donor groups with titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG at least 10 ± 3 Index (S/C), and their statistical differences from the reference point [donor group with titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG 0 Index (S/C)]. We established the changes in fibrinolytic parameters depending on the titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. One conclusion can be drawn from this: anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG population may influence coagulation in the post-COVID-19 period. Further research in-vitro and in-vivo experimental models using selected and purified IgG may confirm our previous findings.
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Wakazono N, Nagai K, Mizushima A, Maeda Y, Taniguchi N, Harada T, Satou E, Mae N, Furuya K. Febrile Reactions Associated with High IgG Antibody Titers after the Second and Third BNT162b2 Vaccinations in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2023; 76:275-281. [PMID: 37121673 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Adverse events are potentially associated with an IgG response after BNT162b2 vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In this study, we investigated the side effects of the BNT162b2 vaccine using a health questionnaire and examined its relationship with IgG antibody titers. Serum samples were collected from participants 3 months after the second vaccination, immediately before the third vaccination, and 1 and 3 months after the third vaccination. A total of 505 participants who received three doses of vaccine were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. The results showed that post-vaccination body temperature correlated with anti-spike-receptor-binding domain (anti-S-RBD) antibody titers measured 3 months after the second (r = 0.30, P < 0.001) and third (r = 0.14, P < 0.001) vaccinations. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that age and severe swelling were negatively associated, whereas female sex, body temperature, and heat sensation were positively associated with log-transformed anti-S-RBD antibody levels after the second vaccination. After the third vaccination, body temperature and fatigue were positively associated, and female sex was negatively associated, with the log-transformed anti-S-RBD antibody levels. These results suggest that post-vaccination fever may be a marker of a high antibody titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyasu Wakazono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Katsura Nagai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Arei Mizushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Yukiko Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Natsuko Taniguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Harada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Emiko Satou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Nao Mae
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
| | - Ken Furuya
- Department of Gastroenterological Medicine, Center for Gastroenterological Diseases, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Japan
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Matsumoto Y, Kaneko K, Takahashi T, Takai Y, Namatame C, Kuroda H, Misu T, Fujihara K, Aoki M. Diagnostic implications of MOG-IgG detection in sera and cerebrospinal fluids. Brain 2023; 146:3938-3948. [PMID: 37061817 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of MOG-IgG-associated disease (MOGAD) includes optic neuritis (ON), myelitis (MY), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), brainstem encephalitis, cerebral cortical encephalitis (CE) and AQP4-IgG-negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). In MOGAD, MOG-IgG are usually detected in sera (MOG-IgGSERUM), but there have been some seronegative MOGAD cases with MOG-IgG in CSF (MOG-IgGCSF), and its diagnostic implications remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study, we identified patients with paired serum and CSF sent from all over Japan for testing MOG-IgG. Two investigators blinded to MOG-IgG status classified them into suspected MOGAD (ADEM, CE, NMOSD, ON, MY and Others) or not based on the current recommendations. The MOG-IgGSERUM and MOG-IgGCSF titres were assessed with serial 2-fold dilutions to determine end point titres [≥1:128 in serum and ≥1:1 (no dilution) in CSF were considered positive]. We analysed the relationship between MOG-IgGSERUM, MOG-IgGCSF and the phenotypes with multivariable regression. A total of 671 patients were tested [405 with suspected MOGAD, 99 with multiple sclerosis, 48 with AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD and 119 with other neurological diseases (OND)] before treatment. In suspected MOGAD, 133 patients (33%) tested MOG-IgG-positive in serum and/or CSF; 94 (23%) double-positive (ADEM 36, CE 15, MY 8, NMOSD 9, ON 15 and Others 11); 17 (4.2%) serum-restricted-positive (ADEM 2, CE 0, MY 3, NMOSD 3, ON 5 and Others 4); and 22 (5.4%) CSF-restricted-positive (ADEM 3, CE 4, MY 6, NMOSD 2, ON 0 and Others 7). None of AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD, multiple sclerosis or OND cases tested positive for MOG-IgGSERUM, but two with multiple sclerosis cases were MOG-IgGCSF-positive; the specificities of MOG-IgGSERUM and MOG-IgGCSF in suspected MOGAD were 100% [95% confidence interval (CI) 99-100%] and 99% (95% CI 97-100%), respectively. Unlike AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD, the correlation between MOG-IgGSERUM and MOG-IgGCSF titres in MOGAD was weak. Multivariable regression analyses revealed MOG-IgGSERUM was associated with ON and ADEM, whereas MOG-IgGCSF was associated with ADEM and CE. The number needed to test for MOG-IgGCSF to diagnose one additional MOGAD case was 13.3 (14.3 for ADEM, 2 for CE, 19.5 for NMOSD, infinite for ON, 18.5 for MY and 6.1 for Others). In terms of MOG-IgGSERUM/CSF status, most cases were double-positive while including either serum-restricted (13%) or CSF-restricted (17%) cases. These statuses were independently associated with clinical phenotypes, especially in those with ON in serum and CE in CSF, suggesting pathophysiologic implications and the utility of preferential diagnostic testing. Further studies are warranted to deduce the clinical and pathological significance of compartmentalized MOG-IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa 992-1202, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chihiro Namatame
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroda
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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Motsoeneng BM, Manamela NP, Kaldine H, Kgagudi P, Hermanus T, Ayres F, Makhado Z, Moyo-Gwete T, van der Mescht MA, Abdullah F, Boswell MT, Ueckermann V, Rossouw TM, Madhi SA, Moore PL, Richardson SI. Despite delayed kinetics, people living with HIV achieve equivalent antibody function after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1231276. [PMID: 37600825 PMCID: PMC10435738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of Fc-mediated functions following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWH) are not known. We compared SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific Fc functions, binding, and neutralization in PLWH and people without HIV (PWOH) during acute infection (without prior vaccination) with either the D614G or Beta variants of SARS-CoV-2, or vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve PLWH had significantly lower levels of IgG binding, neutralization, and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) compared with PLWH on ART. The magnitude of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement deposition (ADCD), and cellular trogocytosis (ADCT) was differentially triggered by D614G and Beta. The kinetics of spike IgG-binding antibodies, ADCC, and ADCD were similar, irrespective of the infecting variant between PWOH and PLWH overall. However, compared with PWOH, PLWH infected with D614G had delayed neutralization and ADCP. Furthermore, Beta infection resulted in delayed ADCT, regardless of HIV status. Despite these delays, we observed improved coordination between binding and neutralizing responses and Fc functions in PLWH. In contrast to D614G infection, binding responses in PLWH following ChAdOx-1 nCoV-19 vaccination were delayed, while neutralization and ADCP had similar timing of onset, but lower magnitude, and ADCC was significantly higher than in PWOH. Overall, despite delayed and differential kinetics, PLWH on ART develop comparable responses to PWOH, supporting the prioritization of ART rollout and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boitumelo M. Motsoeneng
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nelia P. Manamela
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Haajira Kaldine
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Prudence Kgagudi
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frances Ayres
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zanele Makhado
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thandeka Moyo-Gwete
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mieke A. van der Mescht
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fareed Abdullah
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Office of AIDS and TB Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael T. Boswell
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Veronica Ueckermann
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Theresa M. Rossouw
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shabir A. Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Simone I. Richardson
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
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10
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Liu X, Tabibzada N, Lindgren H, Sjöstedt A. Utility of Borrelia-specific IgM and IgG antibody titer determinations during a 12-year period - results from a clinical laboratory in Northern Sweden. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1192038. [PMID: 37465761 PMCID: PMC10350645 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1192038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpretation of serological findings in suspected Lyme borreliosis (LB) is challenging and IgM reactivities may have low predictive value. Therefore, if used indiscriminately, there is a risk for incorrect diagnosis of LB. To evaluate the usefulness of IgM titer determination, we performed a study of the prevalence of Borrelia-specific antibodies in serological samples from patients with suspected LB analyzed during the period 2010 - 2021 at the University Hospital of Umeå in Sweden. In total, 19,335 samples had been analyzed for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies. Overall, there were higher percentages of IgM positive or borderline titers, 1,847 (9.6%) and 905 (4.7%), respectively, than IgG positive or borderline titers, 959 (5.0%) and 406 (2.1%), respectively. Peak number of samples were recorded 2012 - 2013, exceeding 1,800, whereas there were around 1,200 during 2020 - 2021. The peak number of positive IgG and/or positive IgM samples were observed during the period 2015 - 2017 with close to, or above 400, and concomitantly, the proportion of IgG positive samples increased markedly. For IgG positive samples, the increase followed a positive linear time trend (P< 0.001). Peak monthly numbers were observed during August, September, and October. This seasonal increase was significant for the IgG positive group (P< 0.05), but not for the IgM positive/IgG negative group. Repeated samples were obtained from 3,188 individuals and of the initial samples 2,817 were (88%) IgG negative and 2,315 (72%) were IgM negative and of these, 130 (4%) showed IgG seroconversion and 300 (9%) IgM seroconversion. Collectively, the data demonstrate that IgG and/or IgM positive samples represented a minority of all samples, even when repeated sampling had occurred, and IgM positive samples were much more common than IgG positive samples. Thus, the accuracy of the clinical suspicion was low and this will lead to a low predictive value of the analysis, in particular of IgM. These findings question the use of IgM titer determination as a routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Liu
- Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics, Statistics, Västerbotten, Sweden
| | | | - Helena Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Sjöstedt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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11
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Kımıloğlu E, Karagülle A, Keçeciler M, Akbay Karatay E, Koç D. Clinical, Laboratory, and Histopathological Evaluation of 493 Patients Who Underwent Endoscopic Biopsy with a Presumptive Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: Association with Autoimmune Diseases. Turk J Gastroenterol 2023; 34:681-690. [PMID: 37249581 PMCID: PMC10441139 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Celiac disease is an immunological reaction provoked by gluten digestion in genetically vulnerable individuals in response to unknown environmental factors. It affects 0.7% of the world's population and occurs at a rate of 1% in most nations. We aimed to assess the clinical, laboratory, and histopathological characteristics of patients with a presumable diagnosis of celiac disease and to investigate the coexistence of autoimmune disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, data were gathered from the medical files of a total of 493 individuals with a preliminary diagnosis of celiac disease who underwent endoscopic biopsies. Analysis was carried out for clinical, biochemical, and histological results, as well as the presence of autoimmune disease. RESULTS Per the results of serological tests used in the diagnosis of celiac disease in this series, gliadin IgA and IgG positivities were found in 33.7% (n = 54/160) and 39.4% (n = 69/175) of patients; endomysium IgA and IgG positivities were detected in 37% (n = 88/238) and 18% (n = 30/167) of patients, while tissue transglutaminase IgA and IgG positivities were detected in 47.3% (n = 115/243) and 16.3% (n = 15/92) of patients, respectively. The incidence of patients with a CD3 level of ≥30% was 69.1% in 152 patients whose CD3 levels were tested. CONCLUSION The general public and healthcare professionals need to be more aware of the prevalence and many signs of celiac disease. There is still a need to conduct the necessary research in this area. By boosting awareness, early diagnosis, and diet, it will be possible to prevent symptoms and negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elife Kımıloğlu
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa Health Training and Research Center, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahenk Karagülle
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa Health Training and Research Center, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Meryem Keçeciler
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa Health Training and Research Center, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eylem Akbay Karatay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa Health Training and Research Center, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Koç
- Department of Gastroenterology, Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa Health Training and Research Center, İstanbul, Turkey
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12
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Masuda MY, LeSuer WE, Horsley-Silva JL, Putikova A, Buras MR, Gibson JB, Pyon GC, Simmons TD, Doyle AD, Wright BL. Food-Specific IgG4 Is Elevated Throughout the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract in Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:2406-2413. [PMID: 36973521 PMCID: PMC10198037 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-specific immunoglobulin G4 (FS-IgG4) is associated with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE); however, it is not clear whether production is limited to the esophagus. AIMS To assess FS-IgG4 levels in the upper gastrointestinal tract and plasma and compare these with endoscopic disease severity, tissue eosinophil counts, and patient-reported symptoms. METHODS We examined prospectively banked plasma, throat swabs, and upper gastrointestinal biopsies (esophagus, gastric antrum, and duodenum) from control (n = 15), active EoE (n = 24), and inactive EoE (n = 8) subjects undergoing upper endoscopy. Patient-reported symptoms were assessed using the EoE symptom activity index (EEsAI). Endoscopic findings were evaluated using the EoE endoscopic reference score (EREFS). Peak eosinophils per high-power field (eos/hpf) were assessed from esophageal biopsies. Biopsy homogenates and throat swabs were normalized for protein content and assessed for FS-IgG4 to milk, wheat, and egg. RESULTS Median FS-IgG4 for milk and wheat was significantly increased in the plasma, throat swabs, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum of active EoE subjects compared to controls. No significant differences for milk- or wheat-IgG4 were observed between active and inactive EoE subjects. Among the gastrointestinal sites sampled, FS-IgG4 levels were highest in the esophagus. Esophageal FS-IgG4 for all foods correlated significantly across all sites sampled (r ≥ 0.59, p < 0.05). Among subjects with EoE, esophageal FS-IgG4 correlated significantly with peak eos/hpf (milk and wheat) and total EREFS (milk). EEsAI scores and esophageal FS-IgG4 levels did not correlate. CONCLUSIONS Milk and wheat FS-IgG4 levels are elevated in plasma and throughout the upper gastrointestinal tract in EoE subjects and correlate with endoscopic findings and esophageal eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Y Masuda
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - William E LeSuer
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Jennifer L Horsley-Silva
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Arina Putikova
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Matthew R Buras
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jessica B Gibson
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Grace C Pyon
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Temeka D Simmons
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Alfred D Doyle
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Benjamin L Wright
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Division of Pulmonology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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13
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Ashbaugh HR, Cherry JD, Hoff NA, Doshi RH, Mukadi P, Higgins SG, Budd R, Randall C, Okitolonda-Wemakoy E, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Gerber SK, Wells C, Rimoin AW. Reported History of Measles and Long-term Impact on Tetanus Antibody Detected in Children 9-59 Months of Age and Receiving 3 Doses of Tetanus Vaccine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:338-345. [PMID: 36795582 PMCID: PMC9990594 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest measles-induced immune amnesia could have long-term immunosuppressive effects via preferential depletion of memory CD150+ lymphocytes, and associations with a 2-3 year period of increased mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases other than measles has been shown in children from wealthy and low-income countries. To further examine the associations previous measles virus infection may have on immunologic memory among children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), we assessed tetanus antibody levels among fully vaccinated children, with and without a history of measles. METHODS We assessed 711 children 9-59 months of age whose mothers were selected for interview in the 2013-2014 DRC Demographic and Health Survey. History of measles was obtained by maternal report and classification of children who had measles in the past was completed using maternal recall and measles IgG serostatus obtained from a multiplex chemiluminescent automated immunoassay dried blood spot analysis. Tetanus IgG antibody serostatus was similarly obtained. A logistic regression model was used to identify association of measles and other predictors with subprotective tetanus IgG antibody. RESULTS Subprotective geometric mean concentration tetanus IgG antibody values were seen among fully vaccinated children 9-59 months of age, who had a history of measles. Controlling for potential confounding variables, children classified as measles cases were less likely to have seroprotective tetanus toxoid antibody (odds ratio: 0.21; 95% confidence interval: 0.08-0.55) compared with children who had not had measles. CONCLUSIONS History of measles was associated with subprotective tetanus antibody among this sample of children in the DRC who were 9-59 months of age and fully vaccinated against tetanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley R. Ashbaugh
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - James D. Cherry
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicole A. Hoff
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Reena H. Doshi
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick Mukadi
- Kinshasa University, School of Medicine, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Roger Budd
- DYNEX Technologies Incorporated, Chantilly, Virginia
| | | | | | | | - Sue K. Gerber
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christine Wells
- UCLA IDRE Statistical Consulting Group, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anne W. Rimoin
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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14
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Trbojević-Akmačić I, Vučković F, Pribić T, Vilaj M, Černigoj U, Vidič J, Šimunović J, Kępka A, Kolčić I, Klarić L, Novokmet M, Pučić-Baković M, Rapp E, Štrancar A, Polašek O, Wilson JF, Lauc G. Comparative analysis of transferrin and IgG N-glycosylation in two human populations. Commun Biol 2023; 6:312. [PMID: 36959410 PMCID: PMC10036557 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human plasma transferrin (Tf) N-glycosylation has been mostly studied as a marker for congenital disorders of glycosylation, alcohol abuse, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, inter-individual variability of Tf N-glycosylation is not known, mainly due to technical limitations of Tf isolation in large-scale studies. Here, we present a highly specific robust high-throughput approach for Tf purification from human blood plasma and detailed characterization of Tf N-glycosylation on the level of released glycans by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography based on hydrophilic interactions and fluorescence detection (HILIC-UHPLC-FLD), exoglycosidase sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). We perform a large-scale comparative study of Tf and immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation analysis in two human populations and demonstrate that Tf N-glycosylation is associated with age and sex, along with multiple biochemical and physiological traits. Observed association patterns differ compared to the IgG N-glycome corroborating tissue-specific N-glycosylation and specific N-glycans' role in their distinct physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tea Pribić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Vilaj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Urh Černigoj
- BIA Separations d.o.o., a Sartorius company, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Jana Vidič
- BIA Separations d.o.o., a Sartorius company, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | | | - Agnieszka Kępka
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Klarić
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aleš Štrancar
- BIA Separations d.o.o., a Sartorius company, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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15
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Muñoz FM, Sher LD, Sabharwal C, Gurtman A, Xu X, Kitchin N, Lockhart S, Riesenberg R, Sexter JM, Czajka H, Paulsen GC, Maldonado Y, Walter EB, Talaat KR, Englund JA, Sarwar UN, Hansen C, Iwamoto M, Webber C, Cunliffe L, Ukkonen B, Martínez SN, Pahud BA, Munjal I, Domachowske JB, Swanson KA, Ma H, Koury K, Mather S, Lu C, Zou J, Xie X, Shi PY, Cooper D, Türeci Ö, Şahin U, Jansen KU, Gruber WC. Evaluation of BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children Younger than 5 Years of Age. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:621-634. [PMID: 36791162 PMCID: PMC9947923 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2211031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe and effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed in young children. METHODS We conducted a phase 1 dose-finding study and are conducting an ongoing phase 2-3 safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trial of the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy children 6 months to 11 years of age. We present results for children 6 months to less than 2 years of age and those 2 to 4 years of age through the data-cutoff dates (April 29, 2022, for safety and immunogenicity and June 17, 2022, for efficacy). In the phase 2-3 trial, participants were randomly assigned (in a 2:1 ratio) to receive two 3-μg doses of BNT162b2 or placebo. On the basis of preliminary immunogenicity results, a third 3-μg dose (≥8 weeks after dose 2) was administered starting in January 2022, which coincided with the emergence of the B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant. Immune responses at 1 month after doses 2 and 3 in children 6 months to less than 2 years of age and those 2 to 4 years of age were immunologically bridged to responses after dose 2 in persons 16 to 25 years of age who received 30 μg of BNT162b2 in the pivotal trial. RESULTS During the phase 1 dose-finding study, two doses of BNT162b2 were administered 21 days apart to 16 children 6 months to less than 2 years of age (3-μg dose) and 48 children 2 to 4 years of age (3-μg or 10-μg dose). The 3-μg dose level was selected for the phase 2-3 trial; 1178 children 6 months to less than 2 years of age and 1835 children 2 to 4 years of age received BNT162b2, and 598 and 915, respectively, received placebo. Immunobridging success criteria for the geometric mean ratio and seroresponse at 1 month after dose 3 were met in both age groups. BNT162b2 reactogenicity events were mostly mild to moderate, with no grade 4 events. Low, similar incidences of fever were reported after receipt of BNT162b2 (7% among children 6 months to <2 years of age and 5% among those 2 to 4 years of age) and placebo (6 to 7% among children 6 months to <2 years of age and 4 to 5% among those 2 to 4 years of age). The observed overall vaccine efficacy against symptomatic Covid-19 in children 6 months to 4 years of age was 73.2% (95% confidence interval, 43.8 to 87.6) from 7 days after dose 3 (on the basis of 34 cases). CONCLUSIONS A three-dose primary series of 3-μg BNT162b2 was safe, immunogenic, and efficacious in children 6 months to 4 years of age. (Funded by BioNTech and Pfizer; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04816643.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor M Muñoz
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Lawrence D Sher
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Charu Sabharwal
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Alejandra Gurtman
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Xia Xu
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Nicholas Kitchin
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Stephen Lockhart
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Robert Riesenberg
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Joanna M Sexter
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Hanna Czajka
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Grant C Paulsen
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Yvonne Maldonado
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Emmanuel B Walter
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Kawsar R Talaat
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Janet A Englund
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Uzma N Sarwar
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Caitlin Hansen
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Martha Iwamoto
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Chris Webber
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Luke Cunliffe
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Benita Ukkonen
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Silvina N Martínez
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Barbara A Pahud
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Iona Munjal
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Joseph B Domachowske
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Kena A Swanson
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Hua Ma
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Kenneth Koury
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Susan Mather
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Claire Lu
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Jing Zou
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Xuping Xie
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - David Cooper
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Özlem Türeci
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Uğur Şahin
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - Kathrin U Jansen
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
| | - William C Gruber
- From Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (F.M.M.), and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (J.Z., X. Xie, P.-Y.S.); Peninsula Research Associates, Rolling Hills Estates (L.D.S.), and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto (Y.M.) - both in California; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River (C.S., A.G., U.N.S., C.H., M.I., B.A.P., I.M., K.A.S., K.K., C.L., D.C., K.U.J., W.C.G.), and SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse (J.B.D.) - both in New York; Vaccine Research and Development (X. Xu, H.M.), and Worldwide Safety, Safety Surveillance and Risk Management (S.M.), Pfizer, Collegeville, PA; Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Hurley, United Kingdom (N.K., S.L., C.W., L.C.); Atlanta Center for Medical Research, Atlanta (R.R.); Spring Valley Pediatrics, Washington, DC (J.M.S.); Katedra Pediatrii, Instytut Nauk Medycznych, Kolegium Nauk Medycznych, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszow, Poland (H.C.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (G.C.P.); Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC (E.B.W.); Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (K.R.T.); Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle (J.A.E.); Tampere University, Espoo Vaccine Research Clinic, Espoo, Finland (B.U.); Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid (S.N.M.); and BioNTech, Mainz, Germany (Ö.T., U.Ş.)
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16
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Zhao YL, Zhang XH, Guo F, Wei Y, Shang JH, Luo XD. Yi Shen An, a Chinese traditional prescription, ameliorates membranous glomerulonephritis induced by cationic bovine serum albumin in rats. Pharm Biol 2022; 60:163-174. [PMID: 35001799 PMCID: PMC8745358 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2021947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Yi Shen An (YSA) is an investigational composite of traditional Chinese medicine (Reference: 2010L000974) for the treatment of renal disease. OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of YSA against membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with cationic bovine serum albumin (C-BSA) to create a model of MGN. Then, rats were orally treated with YSA at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg for 35 successive days; prednisone (5 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. At the end of the experimental period, we performed a series of tests, including 24 h urinary protein, and biochemical, immunological, antioxidative, coagulation indices, and histopathological examination. RESULTS YSA-1 g/kg significantly lowered urinary protein from 68.37 to 30.74 mg (p < 0.01). Meantime, total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) recovered from 66.26 and 20.51 g/L to 76.08 and 35.64 g/L (p < 0.01), respectively. YSA removed the deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement 3c (C3c), prevented inter-capillary cell hyperplasia on the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and reduced electron-dense deposits and fusion of podocytes. In addition, serum IgG and superoxide dismutase were significantly elevated. In contrast, malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, triglyceride, circulating immune complex (CIC), and immunoglobulin M decreased in the YSA-treated group. Moreover, the blood coagulation dysfunction was adjusted. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate YSA may exert a therapeutic effect against MGN through the inhibition of CIC formation, and the removal of IgG and C3c deposition from the GBM, thus supporting the development of further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Hua Zhang
- New Drug R&D Department of Kunming Institute of Kidney Disease, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- New Drug R&D Department of Kunming Institute of Kidney Disease, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- Shang Hai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shang Hai, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
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17
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Matsuba I, Takuma T, Hatori N, Takai M, Watanabe Y, Takada N, Kishi S, Matsuzawa Y, Nishikawa T, Kunishima T, Degawa H, Nishikawa M, Ono Y, Miyakawa M, Hatori Y, Kanamori A. The Proportion of Long-term Response to Anti-N IgG Antibody after 12 Months for COVID-19 Subclinical Infections and a Longitudinal Survey for COVID-19 Subclinical Infections in 2021. Intern Med 2022; 61:3053-3062. [PMID: 35945024 PMCID: PMC9646357 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9628-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the continuation of antibody prevalence status after 12 months and background factors in antibody-positive subjects following asymptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods We initially determined the SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid protein immunoglobulin G (anti-N IgG) antibody prevalence in 1,603 patients, doctors, and nurses at 65 medical institutions in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. We then obtained consent from 33 of the 39 subjects who tested positive and performed follow-up for 12 months. Results Follow-up for up to 12 months showed that a long-term response of the anti-N IgG antibody could be detected in 6 of the 33 participants (18.2%). The proportions with hypertension, using an angiotensin-receptor blocker, and without a drinking habit were higher among the participants with a long-term anti-N IgG antibody response for up to 12 months than among those without a long-term antibody response. Conclusions The proportion of individuals with subclinical COVID-19 who continuously had a positive result for the anti-N IgG antibody at 12 months was low.
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18
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Mouri M, Imamura M, Suzuki S, Kawasaki T, Ishizaki Y, Sakurai K, Nagafuchi H, Matsumura N, Uchida M, Ando T, Yoshioka K, Ooka S, Sugihara T, Miyoshi H, Mori M, Okada T, Yamaguchi M, Kunishima H, Kato M, Kawahata K. Serum polyethylene glycol-specific IgE and IgG in patients with hypersensitivity to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Allergol Int 2022; 71:512-519. [PMID: 35718709 PMCID: PMC9167845 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of allergic reactions to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines has not been clarified. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a potential antigen in the components of vaccines. However, there is little evidence that allergy after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is related to PEG. Furthermore, the role of polysorbate (PS) as an antigen has also not been clarified. The objective of this study was to investigate whether PEG and PS allergies are reasonable causes of allergic symptoms after vaccination by detecting PEG-specific and PS-specific antibodies. METHODS Fourteen patients who developed immediate allergic reactions to BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines and nineteen healthy controls who did not present allergic symptoms were recruited. Serum PEG-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) and PS-specific IgE and IgG were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Skin tests using PEG-2000 and PS-80 were applied to five patients and three controls. RESULTS Serum levels of PEG-specific IgE and IgG in patients with immediate allergic reactions to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine were higher than those in the control group. Serum levels of PS-specific IgE in patients with allergy to the vaccine were higher than those in patients of the control group. Intradermal tests using PEG verified the results for PEG-specific IgE and IgG. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that PEG is one of the antigens in the allergy to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Cross-reactivity between PEG and PS might be crucial for allergy to the vaccines. PEG-specific IgE and IgG may be useful in diagnosing allergy to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Mouri
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Imamura
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Suzuki
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kawasaki
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishizaki
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sakurai
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nagafuchi
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihiro Matsumura
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Marina Uchida
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayasu Ando
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshioka
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seido Ooka
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sugihara
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyoshi
- Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mori
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Lifetime Clinical Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Livelong Care Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okada
- Department of Otolaryngology and Health Service Center, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masao Yamaguchi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kunishima
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimito Kawahata
- Division of Rheumatology and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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19
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Aguilera I, Sousa JM. Comments on: Differential IgG4-Producing Plasma Cell Infiltration in Non- and Post-Transplant Plasma Cell Hepatitis. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10590. [PMID: 35992745 PMCID: PMC9389647 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Aguilera
- Immunology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- *Correspondence: Isabel Aguilera,
| | - Jose Manuel Sousa
- Digestive Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
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20
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Murray SM, Barbanti M, Campbell C, Brown A, Chen L, Dhanapal J, Tseu B, Pervaiz O, Peters L, Springett S, Danby R, Adele S, Phillips E, Malone T, Amini A, Stafford L, Deeks AS, Dunachie S, Klenerman P, Peniket A, Barnes E, Kesavan M. Impaired humoral and cellular response to primary COVID-19 vaccination in patients less than 2 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Br J Haematol 2022; 198:668-679. [PMID: 35655410 PMCID: PMC9348196 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients remain at high risk of adverse outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and emerging variants. The optimal prophylactic vaccine strategy for this cohort is not defined. T cell-mediated immunity is a critical component of graft-versus-tumour effect and in determining vaccine immunogenicity. Using validated anti-spike (S) immunoglobulin G (IgG) and S-specific interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (IFNγ-ELIspot) assays we analysed response to a two-dose vaccination schedule (either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1) in 33 HSCT recipients at ≤2 years from transplant, alongside vaccine-matched healthy controls (HCs). After two vaccines, infection-naïve HSCT recipients had a significantly lower rate of seroconversion compared to infection-naïve HCs (25/32 HSCT vs. 39/39 HCs no responders) and had lower S-specific T-cell responses. The HSCT recipients who received BNT162b2 had a higher rate of seroconversion compared to ChAdOx1 (89% vs. 74%) and significantly higher anti-S IgG titres (p = 0.022). S-specific T-cell responses were seen after one vaccine in HCs and HSCT recipients. However, two vaccines enhanced S-specific T-cell responses in HCs but not in the majority of HSCT recipients. These data demonstrate limited immunogenicity of two-dose vaccination strategies in HSCT recipients, bolstering evidence of the need for additional boosters and/or alternative prophylactic measures in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam M. Murray
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Maria Barbanti
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Cori Campbell
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Anthony Brown
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lucia Chen
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Jay Dhanapal
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Bing Tseu
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Omer Pervaiz
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Louis Peters
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Sally Springett
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Robert Danby
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Sandra Adele
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Eloise Phillips
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Tom Malone
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ali Amini
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
- Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Alexandra S. Deeks
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Andrew Peniket
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Murali Kesavan
- Department of Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
- Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences DivisionUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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21
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Dechavanne C, Nouatin O, Adamou R, Edslev S, Hansen A, Meurisse F, Sadissou I, Gbaguidi E, Milet J, Cottrell G, Gineau L, Sabbagh A, Massougbodji A, Moutairou K, Donadi EA, Carosella ED, Moreau P, Remarque E, Theisen M, Rouas-Freiss N, Garcia A, Favier B, Courtin D. Placental Malaria is Associated with Higher LILRB2 Expression in Monocyte Subsets and Lower Anti-Malarial IgG Antibodies During Infancy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909831. [PMID: 35911674 PMCID: PMC9326509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Placental malaria (PM) is associated with a higher susceptibility of infants to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria. A hypothesis of immune tolerance has been suggested but no clear explanation has been provided so far. Our goal was to investigate the involvement of inhibitory receptors LILRB1 and LILRB2, known to drive immune evasion upon ligation with pathogen and/or host ligands, in PM-induced immune tolerance. Method Infants of women with or without PM were enrolled in Allada, southern Benin, and followed-up for 24 months. Antibodies with specificity for five blood stage parasite antigens were quantified by ELISA, and the frequency of immune cell subsets was quantified by flow cytometry. LILRB1 or LILRB2 expression was assessed on cells collected at 18 and 24 months of age. Findings Infants born to women with PM had a higher risk of developing symptomatic malaria than those born to women without PM (IRR=1.53, p=0.040), and such infants displayed a lower frequency of non-classical monocytes (OR=0.74, p=0.01) that overexpressed LILRB2 (OR=1.36, p=0.002). Moreover, infants born to women with PM had lower levels of cytophilic IgG and higher levels of IL-10 during active infection. Interpretation Modulation of IgG and IL-10 levels could impair monocyte functions (opsonisation/phagocytosis) in infants born to women with PM, possibly contributing to their higher susceptibility to malaria. The long-lasting effect of PM on infants’ monocytes was notable, raising questions about the capacity of ligands such as Rifins or HLA-I molecules to bind to LILRB1 and LILRB2 and to modulate immune responses, and about the reprogramming of neonatal monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Dechavanne
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
| | - Odilon Nouatin
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Rafiou Adamou
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Sofie Edslev
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita Hansen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florian Meurisse
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ibrahim Sadissou
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Erasme Gbaguidi
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Jacqueline Milet
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
| | - Gilles Cottrell
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
| | - Laure Gineau
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
| | - Audrey Sabbagh
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
| | - Achille Massougbodji
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Kabirou Moutairou
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Eduardo A. Donadi
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medicine School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Edgardo D. Carosella
- CEAA, DRF-Institut François Jacob, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- U976 HIPI Unit, IRSL, Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- CEAA, DRF-Institut François Jacob, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- U976 HIPI Unit, IRSL, Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ed Remarque
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Michael Theisen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- CEAA, DRF-Institut François Jacob, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- U976 HIPI Unit, IRSL, Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - André Garcia
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - David Courtin
- UMR 261 MERIT, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Paris, France
- *Correspondence: David Courtin,
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22
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Karaba AH, Johnston TS, Aytenfisu TY, Akinde O, Eby Y, Ruff JE, Abedon AT, Alejo JL, Blankson JN, Cox AL, Bailey JR, Klein SL, Pekosz A, Segev DL, Tobian AA, Werbel WA. A Fourth Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine Does Not Induce Neutralization of the Omicron Variant Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Suboptimal Vaccine Response. Transplantation 2022; 106:1440-1444. [PMID: 35417115 PMCID: PMC9213052 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humoral responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are attenuated in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), necessitating additional booster vaccinations. The Omicron variant demonstrates substantial immune evasion, and it is unknown whether additional vaccine doses increase neutralizing capacity versus this variant of concern (VOC) among SOTRs. METHODS Within an observational cohort, 25 SOTRs with low seroresponse underwent anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike and receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin (Ig)G testing using a commercially available multiplex ELISA before and after a fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose (D4). Surrogate neutralization (percent angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibition [%ACE2i], range 0%-100% with >20% correlating with live virus neutralization) was measured against full-length spike proteins of the vaccine strain and 5 VOCs including Delta and Omicron. Changes in IgG level and %ACE2i were compared using the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Anti-receptor-binding domain and anti-spike seropositivity increased post-D4 from 56% to 84% and 68% to 88%, respectively. Median (interquartile range) anti-spike antibody significantly increased post-D4 from 42.3 (4.9-134.2) to 228.9 (1115.4-655.8) World Health Organization binding antibody units. %ACE2i (median [interquartile range]) also significantly increased against the vaccine strain (5.8% [0%-16.8%] to 20.6% [5.8%-45.9%]) and the Delta variant (9.1% [4.9%-12.8%] to 17.1% [10.3%-31.7%]), yet neutralization versus Omicron was poor, did not increase post-D4 (4.1% [0%-6.9%] to 0.5% [0%-5.7%]), and was significantly lower than boosted healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Although a fourth vaccine dose increases anti-spike IgG and neutralizing capacity against many VOCs, some SOTRs may remain at high risk for Omicron infection despite boosting. Thus, additional protective interventions or alternative vaccination strategies should be urgently explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H. Karaba
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Trevor S. Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Olivia Akinde
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yolanda Eby
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jessica E. Ruff
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aura T. Abedon
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer L. Alejo
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joel N. Blankson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrea L. Cox
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Justin R. Bailey
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Aaron A.R. Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - William A. Werbel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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23
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Kim DK, Jung SW, Moon JY, Jeong KH, Hwang HS, Kim JS, Lee SH, Kang SY, Kim YG. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Response After Heterologous Immunizations With ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894700. [PMID: 35734170 PMCID: PMC9207316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Korean government decided to schedule heterologous vaccinations on dialysis patients for early achievement of immunization against Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). However, the effects of heterologous immunizations in hemodialysis (HD) patients are unclear. One hundred (HD) patients from Gangdong Kyung Hee University Hospital and Kyung Hee Medical Center and 100 hospital workers from Gangdong Kyung Hee University Hospital were enrolled in this study. The HD patients received the mixing schedule of ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 vaccinations at 10-week intervals, while hospital workers received two doses of ChAdOx1 vaccines at 12-week intervals. Serum IgG to a receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S1 subunit of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was measured 1 month after the first dose, 2 months and 4 months after the second dose. The median [interquartile range] anti-RBD IgG was 82.1[34.5, 176.6] AU/ml in HD patients and 197.1[124.0, 346.0] AU/ml in hospital workers (P < 0.001) after the first dose. The percentage of positive responses (IgG > 50 AU/ml) was 65.0% and 96.0% among the both group, respectively (P < 0.001). The anti-RBD IgG levels increased significantly by 2528.8 [1327.6, 5795.1] AU/ml with a 100.0% positive response rate in HD patients 2 months after the second dose, which was higher than those in hospital workers 981.4[581.5, 1891.4] AU/ml (P < 0.001). Moreover, anti-RBD IgG remains constantly high, and positive response remains 100% in HD patients 4 months after the second dose. This study suggests that heterologous vaccinations with ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 can be an alternative solution on HD patients for early and strong induction of humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Kyu Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Woong Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Sug Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Young Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: So-Young Kang, ; Yang Gyun Kim,
| | - Yang Gyun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: So-Young Kang, ; Yang Gyun Kim,
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24
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Caballero-Marcos A, Citores MJ, Alonso-Fernández R, Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, Valerio M, Graus Morales J, Cuervas-Mons V, Cachero A, Loinaz-Segurola C, Iñarrairaegui M, Castells L, Pascual S, Vinaixa-Aunés C, González-Grande R, Otero A, Tomé S, Tejedor-Tejada J, Fernández-Yunquera A, González-Diéguez L, Nogueras-Lopez F, Blanco-Fernández G, Díaz-Fontenla F, Bustamante FJ, Romero-Cristóbal M, Martin-Mateos R, Arias-Milla A, Calatayud L, Marcacuzco-Quinto AA, Fernández-Alonso V, Gómez-Gavara C, Muñoz P, Bañares R, Pons JA, Salcedo M. Decreased Long-Term Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Humoral Immunity in Liver Transplantation Recipients 12 Months After Coronavirus Disease 2019. Liver Transpl 2022; 28:1039-1050. [PMID: 34919762 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term humoral immunity and its protective role in liver transplantation (LT) patients have not been elucidated. We performed a prospective multicenter study to assess the persistence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in LT recipients 12 months after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 65 LT recipients were matched with 65 nontransplanted patients by a propensity score including variables with recognized impact on COVID-19. LT recipients showed a lower prevalence of anti-nucleocapsid (27.7% versus 49.2%; P = 0.02) and anti-spike IgG antibodies (88.2% versus 100.0%; P = 0.02) at 12 months. Lower index values of anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies were also observed in transplantation patients 1 year after COVID-19 (median, 0.49 [interquartile range, 0.15-1.40] versus 1.36 [interquartile range, 0.53-2.91]; P < 0.001). Vaccinated LT recipients showed higher antibody levels compared with unvaccinated patients (P < 0.001); antibody levels reached after vaccination were comparable to those observed in nontransplanted individuals (P = 0.70). In LT patients, a longer interval since transplantation (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.20) was independently associated with persistence of anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies 1 year after infection. In conclusion, compared with nontransplanted patients, LT recipients show a lower long-term persistence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies. However, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination after COVID-19 in LT patients achieves a significant increase in antibody levels, comparable to that of nontransplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Caballero-Marcos
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Citores
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Alonso-Fernández
- Deparment of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Deparment of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Valentín Cuervas-Mons
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, IDIPHIMSA, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Puerta de Hierro Segovia de Aran (IDIPHISA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Cachero
- Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmelo Loinaz-Segurola
- Department of Hepatology/HPB-surgery/Transplantation, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lluís Castells
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Pascual
- Liver Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Vinaixa-Aunés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío González-Grande
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Alejandra Otero
- Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Santiago Tomé
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Hospital Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Tejedor-Tejada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Fernández-Yunquera
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa González-Diéguez
- Liver Unit and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Flor Nogueras-Lopez
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Gerardo Blanco-Fernández
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Fernando Díaz-Fontenla
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mario Romero-Cristóbal
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Martin-Mateos
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arias-Milla
- Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, IDIPHIMSA, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Calatayud
- Deparment of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Fernández-Alonso
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Gómez-Gavara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Deparment of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pons
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Liver Unit, Department of Surgery, IMIB, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Magdalena Salcedo
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Midorikawa R, Nakama M, Furukawa H, Oka S, Higuchi T, Nagai H, Nagai N, Tohma S. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid, Spike, and Neutralizing Antibodies in Vaccinated Japanese. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050965. [PMID: 35632710 PMCID: PMC9144302 DOI: 10.3390/v14050965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), and neutralizing antibodies (Abs) is commonly undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination. However, the relative efficiency of different SARS-CoV-2 Ab detection systems has not been extensively investigated. Here, we evaluated serological test systems in vaccinated Japanese. SARS-CoV-2 N, S, and neutralizing Abs in sera of 375 healthy subjects a mean 253 days after vaccination were assessed. The sensitivity of Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche S) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG (Fujirebio S) was 100% and 98.9%, respectively, with a specificity of 100% for both. The sensitivity of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing Ab (MBL Neu) was 2.7%, and the specificity was 100%. Fujirebio S correlated with Roche S (rho = 0.9182, p = 3.97 × 10−152). Fujirebio S (rho = 0.1295, p = 0.0121) and Roche S (rho = 0.1232, p = 0.0170) correlated weakly with MBL Neu. However, Roche S did correlate with MBL Neu in patients with COVID-19 (rho = 0.8299, p = 1.01 × 10−12) and in healthy subjects more recently after vaccination (mean of 90 days, rho = 0.5306, p = 0.0003). Thus, the Fujirebio S and Roche S results were very similar, but neither correlated with neutralizing antibody titers by MBL Neu at a later time after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Midorikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (R.M.); (M.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Moriyuki Nakama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (R.M.); (M.N.); (N.N.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, 578 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba 266-0007, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furukawa
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (S.O.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-491-2111; Fax: +81-42-494-2168
| | - Shomi Oka
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (S.O.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (S.O.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Ushiku Aiwa General Hospital, 896 Shishiko-cho, Ushiku 300-1296, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan;
| | - Nobuhiro Nagai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (R.M.); (M.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Shigeto Tohma
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo National Hospital, 3-1-1 Takeoka, Kiyose 204-8585, Japan; (S.O.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan
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Madhi SA, Kwatra G, Myers JE, Jassat W, Dhar N, Mukendi CK, Nana AJ, Blumberg L, Welch R, Ngorima-Mabhena N, Mutevedzi PC. Population Immunity and Covid-19 Severity with Omicron Variant in South Africa. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1314-1326. [PMID: 35196424 PMCID: PMC8908853 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2119658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified on November 25, 2021, in Gauteng province, South Africa. Data regarding the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in Gauteng before the fourth wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), in which the omicron variant was dominant, are needed. METHODS We conducted a seroepidemiologic survey from October 22 to December 9, 2021, in Gauteng to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Households included in a previous seroepidemiologic survey (conducted from November 2020 to January 2021) were contacted; to account for changes in the survey population, there was a 10% increase in the households contacted, with the use of the same sampling framework. Dried-blood-spot samples were tested for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleocapsid protein with the use of quantitative assays. We also evaluated Covid-19 epidemiologic trends in Gauteng, including cases, hospitalizations, recorded deaths, and excess deaths from the start of the pandemic through January 12, 2022. RESULTS Samples were obtained from 7010 participants, of whom 1319 (18.8%) had received a Covid-19 vaccine. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG ranged from 56.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.6 to 59.7) among children younger than 12 years of age to 79.7% (95% CI, 77.6 to 81.5) among adults older than 50 years of age. Vaccinated participants were more likely to be seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 than unvaccinated participants (93.1% vs. 68.4%). Epidemiologic data showed that the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection increased and subsequently declined more rapidly during the fourth wave than it had during the three previous waves. The incidence of infection was decoupled from the incidences of hospitalization, recorded death, and excess death during the fourth wave, as compared with the proportions seen during previous waves. CONCLUSIONS Widespread underlying SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was observed in Gauteng before the omicron-dominant wave of Covid-19. Epidemiologic data showed a decoupling of hospitalizations and deaths from infections while omicron was circulating. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir A Madhi
- From the South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (S.A.M., G.K., N.D., C.K.M., A.J.N., P.C.M.) and African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (S.A.M., G.K.), University of the Witwatersrand, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (W.J., L.B., R.W.), and ResearchLinkMe (N.N.-M.), Johannesburg, the Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (J.E.M.), and Right to Care, Centurion (L.B.) - all in South Africa
| | - Gaurav Kwatra
- From the South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (S.A.M., G.K., N.D., C.K.M., A.J.N., P.C.M.) and African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (S.A.M., G.K.), University of the Witwatersrand, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (W.J., L.B., R.W.), and ResearchLinkMe (N.N.-M.), Johannesburg, the Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (J.E.M.), and Right to Care, Centurion (L.B.) - all in South Africa
| | - Jonathan E Myers
- From the South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (S.A.M., G.K., N.D., C.K.M., A.J.N., P.C.M.) and African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (S.A.M., G.K.), University of the Witwatersrand, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (W.J., L.B., R.W.), and ResearchLinkMe (N.N.-M.), Johannesburg, the Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (J.E.M.), and Right to Care, Centurion (L.B.) - all in South Africa
| | - Waasila Jassat
- From the South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (S.A.M., G.K., N.D., C.K.M., A.J.N., P.C.M.) and African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (S.A.M., G.K.), University of the Witwatersrand, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (W.J., L.B., R.W.), and ResearchLinkMe (N.N.-M.), Johannesburg, the Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (J.E.M.), and Right to Care, Centurion (L.B.) - all in South Africa
| | - Nisha Dhar
- From the South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (S.A.M., G.K., N.D., C.K.M., A.J.N., P.C.M.) and African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (S.A.M., G.K.), University of the Witwatersrand, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (W.J., L.B., R.W.), and ResearchLinkMe (N.N.-M.), Johannesburg, the Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (J.E.M.), and Right to Care, Centurion (L.B.) - all in South Africa
| | - Christian K Mukendi
- From the South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (S.A.M., G.K., N.D., C.K.M., A.J.N., P.C.M.) and African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (S.A.M., G.K.), University of the Witwatersrand, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (W.J., L.B., R.W.), and ResearchLinkMe (N.N.-M.), Johannesburg, the Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (J.E.M.), and Right to Care, Centurion (L.B.) - all in South Africa
| | - Amit J Nana
- From the South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (S.A.M., G.K., N.D., C.K.M., A.J.N., P.C.M.) and African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (S.A.M., G.K.), University of the Witwatersrand, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (W.J., L.B., R.W.), and ResearchLinkMe (N.N.-M.), Johannesburg, the Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (J.E.M.), and Right to Care, Centurion (L.B.) - all in South Africa
| | - Lucille Blumberg
- From the South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (S.A.M., G.K., N.D., C.K.M., A.J.N., P.C.M.) and African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (S.A.M., G.K.), University of the Witwatersrand, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (W.J., L.B., R.W.), and ResearchLinkMe (N.N.-M.), Johannesburg, the Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (J.E.M.), and Right to Care, Centurion (L.B.) - all in South Africa
| | - Richard Welch
- From the South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (S.A.M., G.K., N.D., C.K.M., A.J.N., P.C.M.) and African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (S.A.M., G.K.), University of the Witwatersrand, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (W.J., L.B., R.W.), and ResearchLinkMe (N.N.-M.), Johannesburg, the Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (J.E.M.), and Right to Care, Centurion (L.B.) - all in South Africa
| | - Nicoletta Ngorima-Mabhena
- From the South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (S.A.M., G.K., N.D., C.K.M., A.J.N., P.C.M.) and African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (S.A.M., G.K.), University of the Witwatersrand, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (W.J., L.B., R.W.), and ResearchLinkMe (N.N.-M.), Johannesburg, the Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (J.E.M.), and Right to Care, Centurion (L.B.) - all in South Africa
| | - Portia C Mutevedzi
- From the South African Medical Research Council Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit (S.A.M., G.K., N.D., C.K.M., A.J.N., P.C.M.) and African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (S.A.M., G.K.), University of the Witwatersrand, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service (W.J., L.B., R.W.), and ResearchLinkMe (N.N.-M.), Johannesburg, the Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town (J.E.M.), and Right to Care, Centurion (L.B.) - all in South Africa
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Zhang M, Ma XL, Duan YL, Jin L, Yang J, Huang S, Li N, Zhang N, Zhang NN, Zhang YH. [Analysis of serum immunoglobulin level in children with Burkitt lymphoma]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:329-333. [PMID: 35385939 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210817-00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize changes of serum immunoglobulin levels before and after chemotherapy in children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL), so as to investigate the effects of chemotherapy and rituximab on serum immunoglobulin levels in children with BL. Methods: Clinical data of 223 children with newly diagnosed Burkitt lymphoma at Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2009 to April 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. They were treated according to the modified LMB 89 regimen and some of them received combined rituximab therapy during the chemotherapy. The serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, IgG) before chemotherapy, at the time of discontinuing chemotherapy, as well as 6, 12, 24, 36 months after chemotherapy were collected. Changes of serum IgA, IgM and IgG with time among different treatment groups were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: According to risk group, 223 children were devided into group B(n=53)and group C(n=170). Before chemotherapy, 109 cases (48.9%) were combined with hypogammaglobulinemia. The serum IgA, IgM, and IgG levels of all the patients were (0.9±0.7), 1.2 (0.5, 1.3) and (7.2±2.9) g/L before chemotherapy, (0.5±0.4), 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) and (6.3±2.3) g/L at the time of discontinuing chemotherapy (t=13.63, Z=-11.99, t=4.57, all P<0.05). There were statistical difference in IgA, IgM levels of group B and IgA, IgM, IgG levels of group C before chemotherapy and at the time of discontinuing chemotherapy (t=8.86, Z=-6.28, t=11.19, Z=-10.15, t=4.50, all P<0.05). The differences of serum IgA and IgG levels at the time after chemotherapy among patients treated with chemotherapy alone and those treated with chemotherapy combined rituximab in group B and C were significant (F=5.38, P=0.002 and F=4.22, P=0.007). Conclusions: Approximately half of children with BL have already existed hypogammaglobulinemia at initial diagnosis prior to the start of treatment. The modified LMB 89 regimen have significant effect on humoral immunity of children with BL. In the process of immune reconstruction after chemotherapy, rituximab has more significant effect on serum IgA and IgG levels in BL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, China
| | - X L Ma
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Y L Duan
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, China
| | - L Jin
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, China
| | - J Yang
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, China
| | - S Huang
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, China
| | - N Li
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, China
| | - N Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, China
| | - N N Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Y H Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100045, China
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Son YB, Kim TB, Min HJ, Lee J, Yang J, Kim MG, Jo SK, Cho WY, Oh SW. A Case Report of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia After ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination and Heparin Use During Hemodialysis. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e75. [PMID: 35289136 PMCID: PMC8921215 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but life-threatening complication. VITT strongly mimics heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and shares clinical features. Heparin is commonly used to prevent coagulation during hemodialysis. Therefore, nephrologists might encounter patients needing dialysis with a history of heparin exposure who developed thrombotic thrombocytopenia after vaccination. A 70-year-old male presented with acute kidney injury and altered mental status due to lithium intoxication. He needed consecutive hemodialysis using heparin. Deep vein thrombosis of left lower extremity and accompanying severe thrombocytopenia of 15,000/µL on 24 days after vaccination and at the same time, nine days after heparin use. Anti-platelet factor 4 antibody test was positive. Anticoagulation with apixaban and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion resolved swelling of his left calf and thrombocytopenia. There were no definitive diagnostic tools capable of differentiating between VITT and HIT in this patient. Although VITT and HIT share treatment with IVIG and non-heparin anticoagulation, distinguishing between VITT and HIT will make it possible to establish a follow-up vaccination plan in a person who has had a thrombocytopenic thrombotic event. Further research is needed to develop the tools to make a clear distinction between the clinical syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Bin Son
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Min
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonghyun Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kyung Jo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Yong Cho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Won Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Sablerolles RSG, Rietdijk WJR, Goorhuis A, Postma DF, Visser LG, Geers D, Schmitz KS, Garcia Garrido HM, Koopmans MPG, Dalm VASH, Kootstra NA, Huckriede ALW, Lafeber M, van Baarle D, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Vries RD, van der Kuy PHM. Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Vaccine Boosters after Ad26.COV2.S Priming. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:951-963. [PMID: 35045226 PMCID: PMC8796791 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, which was approved as a single-shot immunization regimen, has been shown to be effective against severe coronavirus disease 2019. However, this vaccine induces lower severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S)-specific antibody levels than those induced by messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines. The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a homologous or heterologous booster in persons who have received an Ad26.COV2.S priming dose are unclear. METHODS In this single-blind, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving health care workers who had received a priming dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, we assessed immunogenicity and reactogenicity 28 days after a homologous or heterologous booster vaccination. The participants were assigned to receive no booster, an Ad26.COV2.S booster, an mRNA-1273 booster, or a BNT162b2 booster. The primary end point was the level of S-specific binding antibodies, and the secondary end points were the levels of neutralizing antibodies, S-specific T-cell responses, and reactogenicity. A post hoc analysis was performed to compare mRNA-1273 boosting with BNT162b2 boosting. RESULTS Homologous or heterologous booster vaccination resulted in higher levels of S-specific binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses than a single Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. The increase in binding antibodies was significantly larger with heterologous regimens that included mRNA-based vaccines than with the homologous booster. The mRNA-1273 booster was most immunogenic and was associated with higher reactogenicity than the BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S boosters. Local and systemic reactions were generally mild to moderate in the first 2 days after booster administration. CONCLUSIONS The Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA boosters had an acceptable safety profile and were immunogenic in health care workers who had received a priming dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. The strongest responses occurred after boosting with mRNA-based vaccines. Boosting with any available vaccine was better than not boosting. (Funded by the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development ZonMw; SWITCH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04927936.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos S G Sablerolles
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Wim J R Rietdijk
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Abraham Goorhuis
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Douwe F Postma
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Leo G Visser
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Katharina S Schmitz
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Hannah M Garcia Garrido
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Anke L W Huckriede
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Melvin Lafeber
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Corine H GeurtsvanKessel
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - P Hugo M van der Kuy
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
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30
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Clark NM, Janaka SK, Hartman W, Stramer S, Goodhue E, Weiss J, Evans DT, Connor JP. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA antibodies in COVID-19 convalescent plasma do not enhance viral infection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0257930. [PMID: 35259162 PMCID: PMC8903276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 has resulted in the death of nearly 4 million people within the last 18 months. While preventive vaccination, and monoclonal antibody therapies have been rapidly developed and deployed, early in the pandemic the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was a common means of passive immunization with a theoretical risk of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of viral infection. Though vaccines elicit a strong and protective immune response and transfusion of CCP with high titers of neutralization activity are correlated with better clinical outcomes, the question of whether antibodies in CCP can enhance infection of SARS-CoV-2 has not been directly addressed. In this study, we analyzed for and observed passive transfer of neutralization activity with CCP transfusion. Furthermore, to specifically understand if antibodies against the spike protein (S) enhance infection, we measured the anti-S IgG, IgA, and IgM responses and adapted retroviral-pseudotypes to measure virus neutralization with target cells expressing the ACE2 virus receptor and the Fc alpha receptor (FcαR) or Fc gamma receptor IIA (FcγRIIA). Whereas neutralizing activity of CCP correlated best with higher titers of anti-S IgG antibodies, the neutralizing titer was not affected when Fc receptors were present on target cells. These observations support the absence of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) by IgG and IgA isotypes found in CCP. The results presented, therefore, not only supports the therapeutic use of currently available antibody-based treatment, including the continuation of CCP transfusion strategies, but also the use of various vaccine platforms in a prophylactic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M. Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sanath Kumar Janaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - William Hartman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Susan Stramer
- American Red Cross, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Erin Goodhue
- American Red Cross, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - John Weiss
- American Red Cross, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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31
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Zhao X, Li D, Ruan W, Chen Z, Zhang R, Zheng A, Qiao S, Zheng X, Zhao Y, Dai L, Han P, Gao GF. Effects of a Prolonged Booster Interval on Neutralization of Omicron Variant. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:894-896. [PMID: 35081296 PMCID: PMC8809506 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2119426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dedong Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Rong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Yingze Zhao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Toraldo DM, Satriano F, Rollo R, Verdastro G, Imbriani G, Rizzo E, Argentiero A, Falco A, Ambrosino P, Miani A, Piscitelli P. COVID-19 IgG/IgM patterns, early IL-6 elevation and long-term radiological sequelae in 75 patients hospitalized due to interstitial pneumonia followed up from 3 to 12 months. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262911. [PMID: 35192635 PMCID: PMC8863277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic resulted in about 165 million infections and 3.4 million deaths all over the world across 15 months. The most severe clinical presentation of COVID-19 diseases is interstitial pneumonia. METHODS In this paper we describe clinical outcomes based on radiological features as well as the pattern of haematochemical parameters and IgG/IgM antibodies in 75 patients hospitalized due to COVID-related interstitial pneumonia not requiring intensive care assistance. Each patient underwent routine laboratory tests, including inflammatory markers and coagulation profile at baseline. Computed Tomography (CT) was performed at baseline and after 3 months to assess the persistence of radiological sequelae. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to test for each patient the association between individual haematochemical parameters at the time of hospital admission and the subsequent radiological features after three months. The presence of IgG antibodies was quantitatively determined in 70 patients at the time of hospital admission and after 3 months. A subgroup of 49 and 21 patients underwent additional dosage of IgG after 6 and 12 months, respectively. IgM serological antibodies were available for 17 patients at baseline and 61 at T3, with additional follow-up for 51 and 20 subjects after 6 and 12 months, respectively. RESULTS Only 28 out of 75 patients discharged from the hospital were totally healed after 3 months, while 47 patients (62.7%) still presented radiological sequelae. According to the GLM model, specific haematochemical baseline parameters-such as IL-6, GPT, platelets and eosinophil count-showed a statistically significant association with the presence of radiological sequelae at month 3 highlighting an OR = 0.5, thus meaning that subjects completely healed after 3 months presented half levels of IL-6 at baseline compared to patients with sequelae. In general, IgG serum levels were always higher than IgM at the time of hospitalization (75% at T0; n = 12 out of 16 patients with data available in both visits), after 3 months (72.1%; n = 44 out of 61 pts.), after 6 months (56.8%; 25 out of 44 pts.), and one year after hospitalization (60%; 12 out of 20 pts.). Overall, IgG and IgM serum levels presented a statistically significant decreasing trend from the baseline to month 3, 6 and 12. One patient presented an increase in IgM between baseline and month 3 but negative PCR test for SARS-COV2 on throat swab. CONCLUSIONS As supported by our findings on 75 patients, COVID-related interstitial pneumonia triggers early IgG levels (higher than IgM) that gradually decrease over 12 months. Mid-term sequelae are still detectable at lung Computed Tomography after 3 months from the hospital admission. Occasionally, it is possible to observe increase of IgM levels in presence of low concentrations of IgG and negative PCR ELISA tests for SARS-COV2 RNA. Baseline levels of IL-6 could be proposed as predictor of radiological mid/long-term sequelae after COVID-related interstitial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Maurizio Toraldo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation Unit–“V. Fazzi Hospital”, Local Health Authority ASL Le, Lecce, Italy–Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Satriano
- Covid Sub-intensive Respiratory Unit–“V. Fazzi Hospital”, Local Health Authority ASL Le, Lecce, Italy–Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Falco
- Department of Sciences and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Paolo Ambrosino
- Department of Sciences and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Miani
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Italy
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- Local Health Authority, ASL Le, Lecce, Italy
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA), Milan, Italy
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33
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Toh ZQ, Anderson J, Mazarakis N, Neeland M, Higgins RA, Rautenbacher K, Dohle K, Nguyen J, Overmars I, Donato C, Sarkar S, Clifford V, Daley A, Nicholson S, Mordant FL, Subbarao K, Burgner DP, Curtis N, Bines JE, McNab S, Steer AC, Mulholland K, Tosif S, Crawford NW, Pellicci DG, Do LAH, Licciardi PV. Comparison of Seroconversion in Children and Adults With Mild COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e221313. [PMID: 35262717 PMCID: PMC8908077 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The immune response in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To compare seroconversion in nonhospitalized children and adults with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify factors that are associated with seroconversion. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This household cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection collected weekly nasopharyngeal and throat swabs and blood samples during the acute (median, 7 days for children and 12 days for adults [IQR, 4-13] days) and convalescent (median, 41 [IQR, 31-49] days) periods after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis for analysis. Participants were recruited at The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, from May 10 to October 28, 2020. Participants included patients who had a SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab specimen using PCR analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and cellular (T cell and B cell) responses in children and adults. Seroconversion was defined by seropositivity in all 3 (an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and 2 commercial assays: a SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay and a SARS-CoV-2 antibody ELISA) serological assays. RESULTS Among 108 participants with SARS-CoV-2-positive PCR findings, 57 were children (35 boys [61.4%]; median age, 4 [IQR, 2-10] years) and 51 were adults (28 women [54.9%]; median age, 37 [IQR, 34-45] years). Using the 3 established serological assays, a lower proportion of children had seroconversion to IgG compared with adults (20 of 54 [37.0%] vs 32 of 42 [76.2%]; P < .001). This result was not associated with viral load, which was similar in children and adults (mean [SD] cycle threshold [Ct] value, 28.58 [6.83] vs 24.14 [8.47]; P = .09). In addition, age and sex were not associated with seroconversion within children (median age, 4 [IQR, 2-14] years for both seropositive and seronegative groups; seroconversion by sex, 10 of 21 girls [47.6%] vs 10 of 33 boys [30.3%]) or adults (median ages, 37 years for seropositive and 40 years for seronegative adults [IQR, 34-39 years]; seroconversion by sex, 18 of 24 women [75.0%] vs 14 of 18 men [77.8%]) (P > .05 for all comparisons between seronegative and seropositive groups). Symptomatic adults had 3-fold higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels than asymptomatic adults (median, 227.5 [IQR, 133.7-521.6] vs 75.3 [IQR, 36.9-113.6] IU/mL), whereas no differences were observed in children regardless of symptoms. Moreover, differences in cellular immune responses were observed in adults compared with children with seroconversion. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this cohort study suggest that among patients with mild COVID-19, children may be less likely to have seroconversion than adults despite similar viral loads. This finding has implications for future protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and for interpretation of serosurveys that involve children. Further research to understand why seroconversion and development of symptoms are potentially less likely in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection and to compare vaccine responses may be of clinical and scientific importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadia Mazarakis
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melanie Neeland
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel A. Higgins
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin Rautenbacher
- Laboratory Services, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Dohle
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jill Nguyen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Isabella Overmars
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Celeste Donato
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sohinee Sarkar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Clifford
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Daley
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesca L. Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- WHO (World Health Organization) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David P. Burgner
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie E. Bines
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah McNab
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Steer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel W. Crawford
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel G. Pellicci
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Vinkenoog M, Steenhuis M, Brinke AT, van Hasselt JGC, Janssen MP, van Leeuwen M, Swaneveld FH, Vrielink H, van de Watering L, Quee F, van den Hurk K, Rispens T, Hogema B, van der Schoot CE. Associations Between Symptoms, Donor Characteristics and IgG Antibody Response in 2082 COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:821721. [PMID: 35296077 PMCID: PMC8918483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.821721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies already reported on the association between patient characteristics on the severity of COVID-19 disease outcome, but the relation with SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels is less clear. To investigate this in more detail, we performed a retrospective observational study in which we used the IgG antibody response from 11,118 longitudinal antibody measurements of 2,082 unique COVID convalescent plasma donors. COVID-19 symptoms and donor characteristics were obtained by a questionnaire. Antibody responses were modelled using a linear mixed-effects model. Our study confirms that the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response is associated with patient characteristics like body mass index and age. Antibody decay was faster in male than in female donors (average half-life of 62 versus 72 days). Most interestingly, we also found that three symptoms (headache, anosmia, nasal cold) were associated with lower peak IgG, while six other symptoms (dry cough, fatigue, diarrhoea, fever, dyspnoea, muscle weakness) were associated with higher IgG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Vinkenoog
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anja ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. G. Coen van Hasselt
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mart P. Janssen
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs van Leeuwen
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Francis H. Swaneveld
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans Vrielink
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leo van de Watering
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Franke Quee
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katja van den Hurk
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Boris Hogema
- Department of Virology, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C. Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: C. Ellen van der Schoot,
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Martin MC, Jimenez A, Ortega N, Parrado A, Page I, Gonzalez MI, Blanco-Peris L. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulins in a series of convalescent plasma and blood donors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264124. [PMID: 35202394 PMCID: PMC8870513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The vast majority of COVID-19 cases both symptomatic and asymptomatic develop immunity after COVID-19 contagion. Whether lasting differences exist between infection and vaccination boosted immunity is yet to be known. The aim of this study was to determine how long total anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies due to past infection persist in peripheral blood and whether sex, age or haematological features can influence their lasting.
Material and methods
A series of 2421 donations either of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma or whole blood from 1107 repeat donors from January 2020 to March 2021 was analysed. An automated chemiluminescence immunoassay for total antibodies recognizing the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in human serum and plasma was performed. Sex, age, blood group, blood cell counts and percentages and immunoglobulin concentrations were extracted from electronic recordings. Blood donation is allowed after a minimum of one-month post symptom’s relapse. Donors were 69.7% males and their average age was 46. The 250 donors who had later donations after a positive one underwent further analysis. Both qualitative (positivity) and quantitative (rise or decline of optical density regarding consecutive donations) outcomes were evaluated.
Results and discussion
In 97.6% of donors with follow-up, anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein N total antibodies remained positive at the end of a follow-up period of 12.4 weeks median time (1–46, SD = 9.65) after the first positive determination. The blood group was not related to antibody waning. Lower lymphocyte counts and higher neutrophils would help predict future waning or decay of antibodies. Most recovered donors maintain their total anti-SARS-CoV-2 N protein antibodies for at least 16 weeks (at least one month must have been awaited from infection resolution to blood donation). The 10 individuals that could be followed up longer than 40 weeks (approximately 44 weeks after symptom’s relapse) were all still positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carmen Martin
- Centro de Hemoterapia y Hemodonacion de Castilla y Leon, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Jimenez
- Centro de Hemoterapia y Hemodonacion de Castilla y Leon, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Nuria Ortega
- Centro de Hemoterapia y Hemodonacion de Castilla y Leon, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Alba Parrado
- Centro de Hemoterapia y Hemodonacion de Castilla y Leon, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Isabel Page
- Centro de Hemoterapia y Hemodonacion de Castilla y Leon, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Gonzalez
- Centro de Hemoterapia y Hemodonacion de Castilla y Leon, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Lydia Blanco-Peris
- Centro de Hemoterapia y Hemodonacion de Castilla y Leon, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
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Emecen Sanli M, Ertoy Karagol HI, Kilic A, Aktasoglu E, Inci A, Okur I, Ezgu F, Tumer L. First successful concomitant therapy of immune tolerance induction therapy and desensitization in a CRIM-negative infantile Pompe patient. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:273-277. [PMID: 34561975 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with alglucosidase alfa (rhGAA) has changed the fatal course of infantile Pompe disease, however, development of anti rhGAA antibodies and infusion-associated reactions (IAR) restrict the tolerability and effectiveness of the treatment. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a successful concomitant immune tolerance induction (ITI) and desensitization protocols in a cross-reactive immunologic material (CRIM) negative 7-month-old male patient. At the age of 5 months and eighth dose of the ERT, the patient developed IAR and his rhGAA specific IgE was negative however, his rhGAA specific IgG titer was as high as 12,800. ITI therapy to suppress antibody formation and a desensitization protocol was devised to be given concomitantly. At the end of 5-week therapy, his fatigue and weakness improved profoundly and a control antidrug antibody level decreased at 800. At the time of the patient's follow up, he was still on ERT with desensitization at the age of 15 months without any reactions. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report in the literature applying concomitant ITI and desensitization protocols in a CRIM negative infantile-onset Pompe disease patient successfully, hence the importance of the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Emecen Sanli
- Department of Pediatric Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ayse Kilic
- Department of Pediatric Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ekin Aktasoglu
- Department of Pediatric Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Inci
- Department of Pediatric Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Okur
- Department of Pediatric Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ezgu
- Department of Pediatric Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Tumer
- Department of Pediatric Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Fujigaki H, Yamamoto Y, Koseki T, Banno S, Ando T, Ito H, Fujita T, Naruse H, Hata T, Moriyama S, Takahashi Y, Suzuki T, Murakami T, Yoshida Y, Yagura Y, Oyamada T, Takemura M, Kondo M, Iwata M, Saito K. Antibody Responses to BNT162b2 Vaccination in Japan: Monitoring Vaccine Efficacy by Measuring IgG Antibodies against the Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0118121. [PMID: 35044205 PMCID: PMC8768797 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01181-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To fight severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mass vaccination has begun in many countries. To investigate the usefulness of a serological assay to predict vaccine efficacy, we analyzed the levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 in the sera from BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals in Japan. This study included 219 individuals who received two doses of BNT162b2. The levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA against RBD were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after the first and second vaccination, respectively. The relationship between antibody levels and several factors, including age, gender, and hypertension were analyzed. Virus-neutralizing activity in sera was measured to determine the correlation with the levels of antibodies. A chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) method to measure IgG against RBD was developed and validated for the clinical setting. The levels of all antibody isotypes were increased after vaccination. Among them, RBD-IgG was dramatically increased after the second vaccination. The IgG levels in females were significantly higher than in males. There was a negative correlation between age and IgG levels in males. The IgG levels significantly correlated with the neutralizing activity. The CLEIA assay measuring IgG against RBD showed a reliable performance and a high correlation with neutralizing activity. Monitoring of IgG against RBD is a powerful tool to predict the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and provides useful information in considering a personalized vaccination strategy for COVID-19. IMPORTANCE Mass vaccination campaigns using mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have begun in many countries. Serological assays to detect antibody production may be a useful tool to monitor the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in individuals. Here, we reported the induction of antibody isotype responses after the first and second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in a well-defined cohort of employees in Japan. We also reported that age, gender, and hypertension are associated with differences in antibody response after vaccination. This study not only provides valuable information with respect to antibody responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in the Japanese population but also the usefulness of serological assays for monitoring vaccine efficacy in clinical laboratories to determine a personalized vaccination strategy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetsugu Fujigaki
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takenao Koseki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Clinical Trial and Research Support, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sumi Banno
- Center for Clinical Trial and Research Support, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Naruse
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Hata
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Saya Moriyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Murakami
- Diagnostics Research Laboratories, Diagnostics Technical Service & Research Operations, Diagnostics Division, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Diagnostics Research Laboratories, Diagnostics Technical Service & Research Operations, Diagnostics Division, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yo Yagura
- Diagnostics Research Laboratories, Diagnostics Technical Service & Research Operations, Diagnostics Division, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Masao Takemura
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Kondo
- Center for Clinical Trial and Research Support, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsunaga Iwata
- Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Milchram L, Fischer A, Huber J, Soldo R, Sieghart D, Vierlinger K, Blüml S, Steiner G, Weinhäusel A. Functional Analysis of Autoantibody Signatures in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041452. [PMID: 35209238 PMCID: PMC8876797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the identification of antigenic protein biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we conducted IgG profiling on high density protein microarrays. Plasma IgG of 96 human samples (healthy controls, osteoarthritis, seropositive and seronegative RA, n = 24 each) and time-series plasma of a pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) rat model (n = 24 total) were probed on AIT’s 16k protein microarray. To investigate the analogy of underlying disease pathways, differential reactivity analysis was conducted. A total of n = 602 differentially reactive antigens (DIRAGs) at a significance cutoff of p < 0.05 were identified between seropositive and seronegative RA for the human samples. Correlation with the clinical disease activity index revealed an inverse correlation of antibodies against self-proteins found in pathways relevant for antigen presentation and immune regulation. The PIA model showed n = 1291 significant DIRAGs within acute disease. Significant DIRAGs for (I) seropositive, (II) seronegative and (III) PIA were subjected to the Reactome pathway browser which also revealed pathways relevant for antigen presentation and immune regulation; of these, seven overlapping pathways had high significance. We therefore conclude that the PIA model reflects the biological similarities of the disease pathogenesis. Our data show that protein array analysis can elucidate biological differences and pathways relevant in disease as well be a useful additional layer of omics information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Milchram
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (L.M.); (J.H.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
| | - Anita Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Jasmin Huber
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (L.M.); (J.H.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
| | - Regina Soldo
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (L.M.); (J.H.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
| | - Daniela Sieghart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Klemens Vierlinger
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (L.M.); (J.H.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Günter Steiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.B.); (G.S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (L.M.); (J.H.); (R.S.); (K.V.)
- Correspondence:
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39
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Ward H, Whitaker M, Flower B, Tang SN, Atchison C, Darzi A, Donnelly CA, Cann A, Diggle PJ, Ashby D, Riley S, Barclay WS, Elliott P, Cooke GS. Population antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination in 212,102 individuals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:907. [PMID: 35173150 PMCID: PMC8850615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Population antibody surveillance helps track immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations at scale, and identify host factors that may affect antibody production. We analyse data from 212,102 vaccinated individuals within the REACT-2 programme in England, which uses self-administered lateral flow antibody tests in sequential cross-sectional community samples; 71,923 (33.9%) received at least one dose of BNT162b2 vaccine and 139,067 (65.6%) received ChAdOx1. For both vaccines, antibody positivity peaks 4-5 weeks after first dose and then declines. At least 21 days after second dose of BNT162b2, close to 100% of respondents test positive, while for ChAdOx1, this is significantly reduced, particularly in the oldest age groups (72.7% [70.9-74.4] at ages 75 years and above). For both vaccines, antibody positivity decreases with age, and is higher in females and those with previous infection. Antibody positivity is lower in transplant recipients, obese individuals, smokers and those with specific comorbidities. These groups will benefit from additional vaccine doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ward
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
| | | | - Barnaby Flower
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sonja N Tang
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ara Darzi
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Global Health Innovation at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christl A Donnelly
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Cann
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Diggle
- CHICAS, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Deborah Ashby
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Steven Riley
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy S Barclay
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research (HDR) UK London at Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham S Cooke
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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40
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Jorge AM, Lao T, Kim R, Licciardi S, El Khoury J, Luster AD, Means TK, Ramirez-Ortiz ZG. SCARF1-Induced Efferocytosis Plays an Immunomodulatory Role in Humans, and Autoantibodies Targeting SCARF1 Are Produced in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Immunol 2022; 208:955-967. [PMID: 35082161 PMCID: PMC8852219 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in the clearance of cellular debris is a major pathogenic factor in the emergence of autoimmune diseases. We previously demonstrated that mice deficient for scavenger receptor class F member 1 (SCARF1) develop a lupus-like autoimmune disease with symptoms similar to human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including a pronounced accumulation of apoptotic cells (ACs). Therefore, we hypothesized that SCARF1 will be important for clearance of ACs and maintenance of self-tolerance in humans, and that dysregulation of this process could contribute to SLE. In this article, we show that SCARF1 is highly expressed on phagocytic cells, where it functions as an efferocytosis receptor. In healthy individuals, we discovered that engagement of SCARF1 by ACs on BDCA1+ dendritic cells initiates an IL-10 anti-inflammatory response mediated by the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. Unexpectedly, there was no significant difference in SCARF1 expression in samples of patients with SLE compared with healthy donor samples. However, we detected anti-SCARF1 autoantibodies in 26% of patients with SLE, which was associated with dsDNA Ab positivity. Furthermore, our data show a direct correlation of the levels of anti-SCARF1 in the serum and defects in the removal of ACs. Depletion of Ig restores efferocytosis in SLE serum, suggesting that defects in the removal of ACs are partially mediated by SCARF1 pathogenic autoantibodies. Our data demonstrate that human SCARF1 is an AC receptor in dendritic cells and plays a role in maintaining tolerance and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- April M Jorge
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Taotao Lao
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel Kim
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Samantha Licciardi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
| | - Joseph El Khoury
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Terry K Means
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Autoimmunity Cluster, Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA
| | - Zaida G Ramirez-Ortiz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA;
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; and
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Bassi J, Giannini O, Silacci-Fregni C, Pertusini L, Hitz P, Terrot T, Franzosi Y, Muoio F, Saliba C, Meury M, Dellota EA, Dillen JR, Hernandez P, Czudnochowski N, Cameroni E, Beria N, Ventresca M, Badellino A, Lavorato-Hadjeres S, Lecchi E, Bonora T, Mattiolo M, Trinci G, Garzoni D, Bonforte G, Forni-Ogna V, Giunzioni D, Berwert L, Gupta RK, Ferrari P, Ceschi A, Cippà P, Corti D, Lanzavecchia A, Piccoli L. Poor neutralization and rapid decay of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants in vaccinated dialysis patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263328. [PMID: 35143540 PMCID: PMC8830698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients on dialysis are at risk of severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the neutralizing activity and coverage of SARS-CoV-2 variants of vaccine-elicited antibodies is required to guide prophylactic and therapeutic COVID-19 interventions in this frail population. By analyzing plasma samples from 130 hemodialysis and 13 peritoneal dialysis patients after two doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines, we found that 35% of the patients had low-level or undetectable IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S). Neutralizing antibodies against the vaccine-matched SARS-CoV-2 and Delta variant were low or undetectable in 49% and 77% of patients, respectively, and were further reduced against other emerging variants. The fraction of non-responding patients was higher in SARS-CoV-2-naïve hemodialysis patients immunized with BNT162b2 (66%) than those immunized with mRNA-1273 (23%). The reduced neutralizing activity correlated with low antibody avidity. Patients followed up to 7 months after vaccination showed a rapid decay of the antibody response with an average 21- and 10-fold reduction of neutralizing antibodies to vaccine-matched SARS-CoV-2 and Delta variant, which increased the fraction of non-responders to 84% and 90%, respectively. These data indicate that dialysis patients should be prioritized for additional vaccination boosts. Nevertheless, their antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 must be continuously monitored to adopt the best prophylactic and therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bassi
- Humabs BioMed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Giannini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Pertusini
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Hitz
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Terrot
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Yves Franzosi
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Muoio
- Humabs BioMed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Christian Saliba
- Humabs BioMed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Meury
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Josh R. Dillen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick Hernandez
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs BioMed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Beria
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Alberto Badellino
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisabetta Lecchi
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tecla Bonora
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Mattiolo
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Guido Trinci
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Garzoni
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Bonforte
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Davide Giunzioni
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Berwert
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ravindra K. Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Science of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Cippà
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs BioMed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Choyrum S, Wangsaeng N, Nechba A, Salvadori N, Saisom R, Achalapong J, Putiyanun C, Sabsanong P, Sangsawang S, Patamasingh Na Ayudhaya O, Jourdain G, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Khamduang W. Zika Virus Immunoglobulin G Seroprevalence among Young Adults Living with HIV or without HIV in Thailand from 1997 to 2017. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020368. [PMID: 35215960 PMCID: PMC8878279 DOI: 10.3390/v14020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemiological data in Thailand are limited. We assessed ZIKV IgG seroprevalence among young adults during 1997–2017 and determined factors associated with ZIKV IgG seropositivity. This retrospective laboratory study included randomly selected subjects aged 18–25 years participating in large clinical studies conducted in Thailand during 1997–2017. Stored plasma samples were analyzed for ZIKV IgG using an ELISA test (Anti-Zika Virus IgG, EUROIMMUN, Lübeck, Germany). Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data were used in univariable and multivariable analyses to identify factors associated with ZIKV IgG positivity. Of the 1648 subjects included, 1259 were pregnant women, 844 were living with HIV and 111 were living with HBV. ZIKV IgG seroprevalence was similar among the HIV-infected and -uninfected pregnant women (22.8% vs. 25.8%, p-value = 0.335) and was overall stable among the pregnant women, with a 25.2% prevalence. Factors independently associated with ZIKV IgG positivity included an age of 23–25 years as compared to 18–20 years, an HIV RNA load below 3.88 log10 copies/mL and birth in regions outside northern Thailand. Our study shows that a large proportion of the population in Thailand probably remains susceptible to ZIKV infection, which could be the ground for future outbreaks. Continued surveillance of ZIKV spread in Thailand is needed to inform public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinath Choyrum
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (N.S.); (G.J.); (N.N.-G.-H.)
| | - Nantawan Wangsaeng
- Associated Medical Sciences (AMS)-CMU IRD Research Collaboration, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.W.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Anouar Nechba
- Associated Medical Sciences (AMS)-CMU IRD Research Collaboration, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.W.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Nicolas Salvadori
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (N.S.); (G.J.); (N.N.-G.-H.)
- Associated Medical Sciences (AMS)-CMU IRD Research Collaboration, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.W.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Agropolis University Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Rumpaiphorn Saisom
- Associated Medical Sciences (AMS)-CMU IRD Research Collaboration, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.W.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gonzague Jourdain
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (N.S.); (G.J.); (N.N.-G.-H.)
- Associated Medical Sciences (AMS)-CMU IRD Research Collaboration, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.W.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Agropolis University Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (N.S.); (G.J.); (N.N.-G.-H.)
- Associated Medical Sciences (AMS)-CMU IRD Research Collaboration, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.W.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie, Génétique, Évolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Agropolis University Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Woottichai Khamduang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.C.); (N.S.); (G.J.); (N.N.-G.-H.)
- Associated Medical Sciences (AMS)-CMU IRD Research Collaboration, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.W.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-(0)-53-93-50-86
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Uprichard SL, O’Brien A, Evdokimova M, Rowe CL, Joyce C, Hackbart M, Cruz-Pulido YE, Cohen CA, Rock ML, Dye JM, Kuehnert P, Ricks KM, Casper M, Linhart L, Anderson K, Kirk L, Maggiore JA, Herbert AS, Clark NM, Reid GE, Baker SC. Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in COVID-19-naïve and Experienced Individuals. Viruses 2022; 14:370. [PMID: 35215962 PMCID: PMC8878640 DOI: 10.3390/v14020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the magnitude of responses to vaccination during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is essential for ultimate mitigation of the disease. Here, we describe a cohort of 102 subjects (70 COVID-19-naïve, 32 COVID-19-experienced) who received two doses of one of the mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna)). We document that a single exposure to antigen via infection or vaccination induces a variable antibody response which is affected by age, gender, race, and co-morbidities. In response to a second antigen dose, both COVID-19-naïve and experienced subjects exhibited elevated levels of anti-spike and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity; however, COVID-19-experienced individuals achieved higher antibody levels and neutralization activity as a group. The COVID-19-experienced subjects exhibited no significant increase in antibody or neutralization titer in response to the second vaccine dose (i.e., third antigen exposure). Finally, we found that COVID-19-naïve individuals who received the Moderna vaccine exhibited a more robust boost response to the second vaccine dose (p = 0.004) as compared to the response to Pfizer-BioNTech. Ongoing studies with this cohort will continue to contribute to our understanding of the range and durability of responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Uprichard
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Amornrat O’Brien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Monika Evdokimova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Cynthia L. Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Cara Joyce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
| | - Matthew Hackbart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Yazmin E. Cruz-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
| | - Courtney A. Cohen
- Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.A.C.); (M.L.R.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA
| | - Michelle L. Rock
- Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.A.C.); (M.L.R.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98042, USA
| | - John M. Dye
- Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.A.C.); (M.L.R.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
| | - Paul Kuehnert
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (P.K.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Keersten M. Ricks
- Diagnostic Systems Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (P.K.); (K.M.R.)
| | - Marybeth Casper
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
| | - Lori Linhart
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
| | - Katrina Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
| | - Laura Kirk
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
| | - Jack A. Maggiore
- Department of Pathology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (C.A.C.); (M.L.R.); (J.M.D.); (A.S.H.)
| | - Nina M. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Gail E. Reid
- Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (M.C.); (L.L.); (K.A.); (L.K.); (N.M.C.); (G.E.R.)
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Susan C. Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (A.O.); (M.E.); (C.L.R.); (M.H.); (Y.E.C.-P.); (S.C.B.)
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Dong C, Wang Y, Zhu W, Ma Y, Kim J, Wei L, Gonzalez GX, Wang BZ. Polycationic HA/CpG Nanoparticles Induce Cross-Protective Influenza Immunity in Mice. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:6331-6342. [PMID: 35084819 PMCID: PMC8832387 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal (i.n.) route is an ideal vaccination approach for infectious respiratory diseases like influenza. Polycationic polyethylenimine (PEI) could form nanoscale complexes with negatively charged viral glycoproteins. Here we fabricated PEI-hemagglutinin (HA) and PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticles and investigated their immune responses and protective efficacies with an i.n. vaccination regimen in mice. Our results revealed that the nanoparticles significantly enhanced HA immunogenicity, providing heterologous cross-protection. The conserved HA stalk region induced substantial antibodies in the nanoparticle immunization groups. In contrast to the Th2-biased, IgG1-dominant antibody response generated by PEI-HA nanoparticles, PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticles generated more robust and balanced IgG1/IgG2a antibody responses with augmented neutralization activity and Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticles also induced enhanced local and systemic cellular immune responses. These immune responses did not decay over six months of observation postimmunization. PEI and CpG synergized these comprehensive immune responses. Thus, the PEI-HA/CpG nanoparticle is a potential cross-protective influenza vaccine candidate. Polycationic PEI nanoplatforms merit future development into mucosal vaccine systems.
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Chura-Chambi RM, Prieto-da-Silva ARDB, Di Lela MM, Oliveira JE, Abreu PEA, Meireles LR, de Andrade Junior HF, Morganti L. High level SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid refolding using mild condition for inclusion bodies solubilization: Application of high pressure at pH 9.0. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262591. [PMID: 35113919 PMCID: PMC8812862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) is the most abundant viral protein expressed in host samples and is an important antigen for diagnosis. N is a 45 kDa protein that does not present disulfide bonds. Intending to avoid non-specific binding of SARS-CoV-2 N to antibodies from patients who previously had different coronaviruses, a 35 kDa fragment of N was expressed without a conserved motif in E. coli as inclusion bodies (N122-419-IB). Culture media and IB washing conditions were chosen to obtain N122-419-IB with high yield (370 mg/L bacterial culture) and protein purity (90%). High pressure solubilizes protein aggregates by weakening hydrophobic and ionic interactions and alkaline pH promotes solubilization by electrostatic repulsion. The association of pH 9.0 and 2.4 kbar promoted efficient solubilization of N122-419-IB without loss of native-like tertiary structure that N presents in IB. N122-419 was refolded with a yield of 85% (326 mg/L culture) and 95% purity. The refolding process takes only 2 hours and the protein is ready for use after pH adjustment, avoiding the necessity of dialysis or purification. Antibody binding of COVID-19-positive patients sera to N122-419 was confirmed by Western blotting. ELISA using N122-419 is effective in distinguishing between sera presenting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from those who do not. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed condition for IB solubilization is one of the mildest described. It is possible that the refolding process can be extended to a wide range of proteins with high yields and purity, even those that are sensible to very alkaline pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Chura-Chambi
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Martins Di Lela
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Ezequiel Oliveira
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Regina Meireles
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo,SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ligia Morganti
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Bergamaschi G, Musicò A, Frigerio R, Strada A, Pizzi A, Talone B, Ghezzi J, Gautieri A, Chiari M, Metrangolo P, Vanna R, Baldelli Bombelli F, Cretich M, Gori A. Composite Peptide-Agarose Hydrogels for Robust and High-Sensitivity 3D Immunoassays. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:4811-4822. [PMID: 35060693 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Canonical immunoassays rely on highly sensitive and specific capturing of circulating biomarkers by interacting biomolecular baits. In this frame, bioprobe immobilization in spatially discrete three-dimensional (3D) spots onto analytical surfaces by hydrogel encapsulation was shown to provide relevant advantages over conventional two-dimensional (2D) platforms. Yet, the broad application of 3D systems is still hampered by hurdles in matching their straightforward fabrication with optimal functional properties. Herein, we report on a composite hydrogel obtained by combining a self-assembling peptide (namely, Q3 peptide) with low-temperature gelling agarose that is proved to have simple and robust application in the fabrication of microdroplet arrays, overcoming hurdles and limitations commonly associated with 3D hydrogel assays. We demonstrate the real-case scenario feasibility of our 3D system in the profiling of Covid-19 patients' serum IgG immunoreactivity, which showed remarkably improved signal-to-noise ratio over canonical assays in the 2D format and exquisite specificity. Overall, the new two-component hydrogel widens the perspectives of hydrogel-based arrays and represents a step forward towards their routine use in analytical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Bergamaschi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Musicò
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Frigerio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Strada
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pizzi
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Talone
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ghezzi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
- Biomolecular Engineering Lab, Dept. Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alfonso Gautieri
- Biomolecular Engineering Lab, Dept. Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Chiari
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Renzo Vanna
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie─National Research Council of Italy (IFN-CNR), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Cretich
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
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Matusali G, Sberna G, Meschi S, Gramigna G, Colavita F, Lapa D, Francalancia M, Bettini A, Capobianchi MR, Puro V, Castilletti C, Vaia F, Bordi L. Differential Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Binding and Functional Antibodies upon BNT162b2 Vaccine: A 6-Month Follow-Up. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020312. [PMID: 35215903 PMCID: PMC8878369 DOI: 10.3390/v14020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the dynamic association among binding and functional antibodies in health-care-workers receiving two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19-vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD IgG, anti-Trimeric-S IgG, and neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) were measured in serum samples collected at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months from full vaccination. Despite the high correlation, results for anti-RBD and anti-Trimeric S IgG were numerically different even after recalculation to BAU/mL following WHO standards indications. Moreover, after a peak response at 2 weeks, anti-RBD IgG levels showed a 4.5 and 13 fold decrease at 3 and 6 months, respectively, while the anti-Trimeric S IgG presented a less pronounced decay of 2.8 and 4.7 fold. Further different dynamics were observed for Nabs titers, resulting comparable at 3 and 6 months from vaccination. We also demonstrated that at NAbs titers ≥40, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the optimal cutoff point decreased with time from vaccination for both anti-RBD and anti-Trimeric S IgG. The mutating relation among the anti-RBD IgG, anti-Trimeric S IgG, and neutralizing antibodies are indicative of antibody maturation upon vaccination. The lack of standardized laboratory procedures is one factor interfering with the definition of a correlate of protection from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.S.); (G.G.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Sberna
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.S.); (G.G.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Silvia Meschi
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.S.); (G.G.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0655170692
| | - Giulia Gramigna
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.S.); (G.G.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesca Colavita
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.S.); (G.G.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.S.); (G.G.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Massimo Francalancia
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.S.); (G.G.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Aurora Bettini
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.S.); (G.G.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Maria R. Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.S.); (G.G.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Puro
- Risk Management Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.S.); (G.G.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesco Vaia
- General Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Licia Bordi
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.M.); (G.S.); (G.G.); (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.F.); (A.B.); (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (L.B.)
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Petrović V, Vuković V, Patić A, Marković M, Ristić M. Immunogenicity of BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV and Gam-COVID-Vac vaccines and immunity after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection-A comparative study from Novi Sad, Serbia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263468. [PMID: 35108321 PMCID: PMC8809561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass vaccination is the key element in controlling current COVID-19 pandemic. Studies comparing immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccines are largely lacking. We aimed at measuring anti-S antibody (Ab) levels in individuals fully vaccinated with BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV and Gam-COVID-Vac, as well as in COVID-19 convalescents. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, serum was collected from 400 age- and sex-matched participants, 100 fully vaccinated with BNT162b2, 100 with BBIBP-CorV and 100 with Gam-COVID-Vac on the 28th day after the second vaccine dose, and 100 recovered from COVID-19 at least 28 days after symptom(s) resolution. Sera were analyzed using the LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay (DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy). Wilcoxon rank-sum or Kruskal-Wallis tests was used for comparison of Ab levels. RESULTS Highest mean value (210.11, SD = 100.42) was measured in the BNT162b2 group, followed by Gam-COVID-Vac (171.11, SD = 120.69) and BBIBP-CorV (68.50, SD = 72.78) AU/mL (p<0.001). Significant differences in antibody levels were found between BNT162b2 and BBIBP-CorV (p<0.001), BNT162b2 and Gam-COVID-Vac (p = 0.001), as well as BBIBP-CorV and Gam-COVID-Vac groups (p<0.001). Percentage of seropositive was 81% in the convalescent group, 83% in BBIBP-CorV vaccinated and 100% in BNT162b2 and Gam-COVID-Vac. When comparing measured antibody levels in vaccinated to those in COVID-19 recovered, significantly higher antibody levels were found for vaccinated with BNT162b2 (p<0.001), and with Gam-COVID-Vac (p<0.001), while for BBIBP-CorV there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.641). CONCLUSIONS All three investigated vaccines, BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV and Gam-COVID-Vac, provide robust immune response 28 days after the second dose of vaccine, in the majority of participants. All individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 and Gam-COVID-Vac seroconverted, while in vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV and COVID-19 recovered seroconversion rates were lower. Although less potent compared to other two vaccines, immune response after BBIBP-CorV was similar to response measured in convalescents. Challenge still remains to examine dynamics and durability of immunoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Petrović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Vuković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Patić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miloš Marković
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mioljub Ristić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
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50
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Li J, Hou L, Guo X, Jin P, Wu S, Zhu J, Pan H, Wang X, Song Z, Wan J, Cui L, Li J, Chen Y, Wang X, Jin L, Liu J, Shi F, Xu X, Zhu T, Chen W, Zhu F. Heterologous AD5-nCOV plus CoronaVac versus homologous CoronaVac vaccination: a randomized phase 4 trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:401-409. [PMID: 35087233 PMCID: PMC8863573 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and the waning of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies suggests that additional coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine doses may be needed for individuals who initially received CoronaVac. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant adenovirus type 5 (AD5)-vectored COVID-19 vaccine Convidecia as a heterologous booster versus those of CoronaVac as homologous booster in adults previously vaccinated with CoronaVac in an ongoing, randomized, observer-blinded, parallel-controlled phase 4 trial ( NCT04892459 ). Adults who had received two doses of CoronaVac in the past 3-6 months were vaccinated with Convidecia (n = 96) or CoronaVac (n = 102). Adults who had received one dose of CoronaVac in the past 1-3 months were also vaccinated with Convidecia (n = 51) or CoronaVac (n = 50). The co-primary endpoints were the occurrence of adverse reactions within 28 d after vaccination and geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralizing antibodies against live wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus at 14 d after booster vaccination. Adverse reactions after vaccination were significantly more frequent in Convidecia recipients but were generally mild to moderate in all treatment groups. Heterologous boosting with Convidecia elicited significantly increased GMTs of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 than homologous boosting with CoronaVac in participants who had previously received one or two doses of CoronaVac. These data suggest that heterologous boosting with Convidecia following initial vaccination with CoronaVac is safe and more immunogenic than homologous boosting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Institute of Global Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiling Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shipo Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Lianshui County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianshui County, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhou Song
- Lianshui County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lianshui County, P. R. China
| | | | - Lunbiao Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Junqiang Li
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yin Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Canming Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lairun Jin
- Department of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jingxian Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fengjuan Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhu
- CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, P. R. China.
- Institute of Global Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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