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Singh R, Singh KP, Singh R, Singh V, Kumar P, Varshney R, Yadav A, Mote A, Gangwar M, Prasath NB. Preliminary investigation reveals novel pathological consequences of bluetongue virus-1 infection in the endocrine glands of pregnant Indian sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2269428. [PMID: 37850824 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2269428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV), a major peril to the sheep industry, infects a wide range of the cells in the infected animals including mononuclear, dendritic and epithelial cells. However, little is known about its tropism for the secretory epithelial cells of endocrine glands and the pathogenesis it induces. The aim of the study was to assess the BTV load, antigen distribution in the tissue of the pituitary, thyroid as well as adrenal glands and associated histopathological consequences. BTV antigens were localized using immunohistochemistry in the thyroid's epithelial cells, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis cells and the anterior pituitary epithelial cells. The real-time PCR portrayed the high viral load in adrenals at 7th days postinoculation (DPI) and in thyroid and pituitary glands at 15th DPI. Serum examination revealed variation in the T-3 and T-4 of infected animals in comparison to the control group. Caspase-3 immunolocalization revealed BTV-1 induces apoptosis in the affected cells of endocrine gland of infected animals. Further, this study signifies the tropism of BTV in the novel sites (endocrine glands) of the host that might be one of the reasons for the poor performance of infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Rajendra Singh
- SOA Institute of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vidya Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, I.Ag.Scs, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, India
| | - Akanksha Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Akash Mote
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mukesh Gangwar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - N Babu Prasath
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Yang G, Anderson Williams S, He F, He Y, McIntyre K, Beckman AK, Nelson AC, Yohe SL. Immunohistochemistry screening for TP53 mutation in myeloid neoplasms in AZF-fixed bone marrow biopsies. Pathology 2024; 56:404-412. [PMID: 38341302 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
TP53 mutational status in myeloid neoplasms is prognostic and in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) may lead to alternative induction therapy; therefore, rapid assessment is necessary for precision treatment. Assessment of multiple prognostic genes by next generation sequencing in AML is standard of care, but the turn-around time often cannot support rapid clinical decision making. Studies in haematological neoplasms suggest p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) correlates with TP53 mutational status, but they have used variable criteria to define TP53 overexpression. p53 IHC was performed and interpreted on AZF-fixed, acid decalcified bone marrow biopsies on 47 cases of clonal myeloid neoplasms with TP53 mutations between 2016 and 2019 and 16 control samples. Results were scored by manual and digital analysis. Most TP53-mutated cases (81%) overexpressed p53 by digital analysis and manual analysis gave similar results. Among the nine TP53-mutated IHC-negative cases, seven (78%) were truncating mutations and two (22%) were single-hit missense mutations. Using a digital cut-off of at least 3% ≥1+ positive nuclei, the sensitivity and specificity are 81% and 100%; cases with loss-of-function mutations were more likely to be negative. In this cohort, p53 immunopositivity correlated with TP53 mutational status, especially missense mutations, with excellent specificity. Truncating TP53 mutations explain most IHC-negative cases, impacting the sensitivity. We demonstrate that p53 IHC can screen for TP53 mutations allowing quicker treatment decisions for most patients. However, not all patients will be identified, so molecular studies are required. Furthermore, cut-offs for positivity vary in the literature, consequently laboratories should independently validate their processes before adopting p53 IHC for clinical use. p53 IHC performs well to screen for TP53 mutations in AZF-fixed bone marrow. Performance in our setting differs from the literature, which shows variability of pre-analytic factors and cut-offs used to screen for TP53 mutations. Each laboratory should validate p53 IHC to screen for TP53 mutations in their unique setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah Anderson Williams
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Fiona He
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Yuyu He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelsey McIntyre
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amy K Beckman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sophia L Yohe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Paliogiannis P, Lobrano R, Bella MA, Fara A, Uras MG, Pinna MA, Tedde A, Madonia M, Zinellu A, Cossu A. PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression in bladder urothelial cancer with SP263, SP142 and 22C3 antibodies: A comparative study. Ann Diagn Pathol 2024; 69:152267. [PMID: 38266544 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is currently the only biomarker used for the selection of patients with bladder urothelial cancer for immunotherapy. Several platforms, antibodies and scores are currently available for the evaluation of the expression of PD-L1 in immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study three different antibodies (SP263, SP142 and 22C3) were compared to establish their performances and concordance rates. Twenty-four consecutive cases of surgically resected urothelial cancers of the bladder were enrolled. All cases were revised, and appropriate tumor areas were selected for IHC. Three commercially available PD-L1 antibodies were tested: 22C3 pharmDx with Dako Autostainer Link 48 (Dako, Carpinteria, Ca), and SP263 and SP142 with the Ventana BenchMark (Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ) platform. All slides were evaluated by an expert pathologist and both the tumor proportion score (TPS) and the combined positive score (CPS) were determined and compared at two different cut-off levels (≥ 1 and ≥ 10). The SP263 and 22C3 clones produced more positive results with the CPS and TPS scores, respectively. The CPS score identified more positive cases than the TPS score, irrespectively of the clone or the cut-off used; the difference was statistically significant in both the SP263 and SP142 clones with the ≥1 cut-off. No statistically significant differences were found between the clones when the ≥1 cut-off was used, irrespectively of the score. At the contrary, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.024) and a trend to significance (p = 0.082) were respectively found for the TPS and CPS scores, when the SP22C3 and the SP142 clones were compared at a cut-off level of ≥10. The ICC test using CPS was 0.676 and 0.578 for the ≥1 and ≥ 10 cut-offs respectively, and 0.729 and 0.467 respectively for the same cut-offs using TPS. This suggests that the three antibodies under investigation cannot be used interchangeably, especially the 22C3 and SP142 clones which showed statistically significant difference when TPS was tested at a ≥ 10 cut-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Sassari, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Renato Lobrano
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Angelo Bella
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Fara
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriela Uras
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Sassari, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Pinna
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tedde
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Unit of Urology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimo Madonia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Unit of Urology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Cossu
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University Hospital of Sassari (A.O.U. SS), Sassari, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Aboubakr O, Métais A, Maillard J, Hasty L, Brigot E, Berthaud C, Lacombe J, Pucelle N, Raynal J, Appay R, Varlet P, Tauziède-Espariat A. Utility of combining OLIG2 and SOX10 IHC expression in CNS tumours: promising biomarkers for subtyping paediatric- and adult-type gliomas. Histopathology 2024; 84:893-899. [PMID: 38253970 DOI: 10.1111/his.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The SOX10 transcription factor is important for the maturation of oligodendrocytes involved in central nervous system (CNS) myelination. Currently, very little information exists about its expression and potential use in CNS tumour diagnoses. The aim of our study was to characterize the expression of SOX10 in a large cohort of CNS tumours and to evaluate its potential use as a biomarker. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) for SOX10 and OLIG2 in a series of 683 cases of adult- and paediatric-type CNS tumours from different subtypes. The nuclear immunostaining results for SOX10 and OLIG2 were scored as positive (≥10% positive tumour cells) or negative. RESULTS OLIG2 and SOX10 were positive in diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), H3-mutant, and EZHIP-overexpressed. However, in all DMG, EGFR-mutant, SOX10 was constantly negative. In diffuse paediatric-type high-grade gliomas (HGG), all RTK1 cases were positive for both OLIG2 and SOX10. RTK2 cases were all negative for both OLIG2 and SOX10. MYCN cases variably expressed OLIG2 and were all immunonegative for SOX10. In glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype, OLIG2 was mostly positive, but SOX10 was variably expressed, depending on the epigenetic subtype. All circumscribed astrocytic gliomas were positive for both OLIG2 and SOX10 except pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, astroblastomas, MN1-altered, and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. SOX10 was negative in ependymomas, meningiomas, pinealoblastomas, choroid plexus tumours, intracranial Ewing sarcomas, and embryonal tumours except neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated. CONCLUSION To conclude, SOX10 can be incorporated into the IHC panel routinely used by neuropathologists in the diagnostic algorithm of embryonal tumours and for the subtyping of paediatric and adult-type HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Aboubakr
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, GHU Paris-Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alice Métais
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Julien Maillard
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Lauren Hasty
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Enola Brigot
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Berthaud
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Lacombe
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Noémie Pucelle
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jade Raynal
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Romain Appay
- Department of Neuropathology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
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Wakefield C, Russell-Goldman E. Androgen Receptor Immunohistochemistry is Superior to PRAME for the Differentiation of Sebaceous Carcinoma From Primary Cutaneous Basaloid Mimics. Am J Dermatopathol 2024; 46:195-203. [PMID: 38488347 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cutaneous sebaceous neoplasia comprises a spectrum of disease ranging from benign adenomas to malignant carcinomas. The hallmark of these lesions is sebaceous differentiation. However, poorly-differentiated sebaceous carcinoma (SC), which lacks significant overt sebaceous differentiation, can show morphologic overlap with a variety of other basaloid cutaneous neoplasms. The accurate classification of SC is essential not only for diagnosis, but also because of the potential association with Muir-Torre syndrome. Androgen receptor (AR) is a sensitive, but not entirely specific immunohistochemical marker that has been used for the diagnosis of SC. PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME) demonstrates strong cytoplasmic labeling of mature sebocytes and has been reported to be expressed in a variety of sebaceous neoplasms, including in the basaloid cell component. Therefore, we sought to compare the diagnostic use of cytoplasmic PRAME expression with that of AR for the distinction of SC from a cohort of basaloid cutaneous mimics; namely basal cell carcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, pilomatricoma, cutaneous lymphadenoma, and extra-mammary Paget disease. We report that cytoplasmic PRAME expression is uncommon in poorly differentiated SC, and although specific, it shows very low sensitivity (22%). In contrast, AR was moderately sensitive (66%) and highly specific (92%) for the distinction of SC from basaloid mimics. These attributes, in addition to the nuclear expression of AR in the sebocytic and basaloid components of SC, suggest that AR is superior to PRAME for the diagnosis of SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Wakefield
- Pathologists, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Hade AC, Philips MA, Promet L, Jagomäe T, Hanumantharaju A, Salumäe L, Reimann E, Plaas M, Vasar E, Väli M. A cost-effective and efficient ex vivo, ex situ human whole brain perfusion protocol for immunohistochemistry. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 404:110059. [PMID: 38218387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical fixation of the brain can be executed through either the immersion method or the perfusion method. Perfusion fixation allows for better preservation of the brain tissue's ultrastructure, as it provides rapid and uniform delivery of the fixative to the tissue. Still, not all facilities have the expertise to perform perfusion fixation, with initial high cost and complexity of perfusion systems as the main factors limiting its widespread usage. NEW METHOD Here we present our low-cost approach of whole brain ex situ perfusion fixation to overcome the aforementioned limitations. Our self-made perfusion system, constructed utilising commercially accessible and affordable medical resources alongside laboratory and everyday items, demonstrates the capability to generate superior histological stainings of brain tissue. The perfused tissue can be stored prior to proceeding with IHC for at least one year. RESULTS Our method yielded high-quality results in histological stainings using both free-floating cryosections and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The system is fully reusable and complies with the principles of sustainable management. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our whole brain perfusion system has been assembled from simple components and is able to achieve a linear flow with a pressure of 70 mmHg corresponding to the perfusion pressure of the brain. CONCLUSIONS Our ex situ method can be especially useful in research settings where expensive perfusion systems are not affordable or in any field with high time pressure, making it suitable for the field of forensic medicine or pathology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas-Christian Hade
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Estonian Forensic Science Institute, Tervise 20, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mari-Anne Philips
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Liisi Promet
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Toomas Jagomäe
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arpana Hanumantharaju
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liis Salumäe
- Pathology Service, Tartu University Hospital; Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ene Reimann
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mario Plaas
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marika Väli
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Estonian Forensic Science Institute, Tervise 20, Tallinn, Estonia
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Rottmann DA, Skala SL. Special Considerations in Classification and Workup of Endometrial Carcinomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:390-397. [PMID: 37931213 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0098-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— A variety of uncommon malignant endometrial tumors can be challenging to diagnose because of overlapping morphology with more common entities. In some cases, immunohistochemical stains and/or molecular testing allow for more definitive diagnosis or prognostication. OBJECTIVE.— To review classic morphologic features of uncommon endometrial tumors, pathologic features of these tumors and their mimics, and the evidence for use of immunohistochemistry and molecular testing in the diagnosis of these tumors. DATA SOURCES.— University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) cases and review of pertinent literature about each entity. CONCLUSIONS.— Although each of these uncommon endometrial tumors has morphologic mimics, key histologic features, immunohistochemical stains, and molecular testing allow for accurate classification.
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Adle-Biassette H, Ricci R, Martin A, Martini M, Ravegnini G, Kaci R, Gélébart P, Poirot B, Sándor Z, Lehman-Che J, Tóth E, Papp B. Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 (SERCA3) expression in gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Pathology 2024; 56:343-356. [PMID: 38184384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Accurate characterisation of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) is important for prognosis and the choice of targeted therapies. Histologically the diagnosis relies on positive immunostaining of tumours for KIT (CD117) and DOG1. Here we report that GISTs also abundantly express the type 3 Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA3). SERCA enzymes transport calcium ions from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum and play an important role in regulating the intensity and the periodicity of calcium-induced cell activation. GISTs from various localisations, histological and molecular subtypes or risk categories were intensely immunopositive for SERCA3 with the exception of PDGFRA-mutated cases where expression was high or moderate. Strong SERCA3 expression was observed also in normal and hyperplastic interstitial cells of Cajal. Decreased SERCA3 expression in GIST was exceptionally observed in a zonal pattern, where CD117 staining was similarly decreased, reflecting clonal heterogeneity. In contrast to GIST, SERCA3 immunostaining of spindle cell tumours and other gastrointestinal tumours resembling GIST was negative or weak. In conclusion, SERCA3 immunohistochemistry may be useful for the diagnosis of GIST with high confidence, when used as a third marker in parallel with KIT and DOG1. Moreover, SERCA3 immunopositivity may be particularly helpful in cases with negative or weak KIT or DOG1 staining, a situation that may be encountered de novo, or during the spontaneous or therapy-induced clonal evolution of GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Adle-Biassette
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Lariboisière, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM NeuroDiderot, DMU DREAM, France
| | - Riccardo Ricci
- Department of Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antoine Martin
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Inserm UMR U978, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Alliance Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Inflamex, Bobigny, France
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Dipartimento di patologia umana dell'adulto e dell'età evolutiva 'Gaetano Barresi' Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico 'G. Martino', Messina, Italy
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBit), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rachid Kaci
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Lariboisière, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Gélébart
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Brigitte Poirot
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Zsuzsanna Sándor
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jacqueline Lehman-Che
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM UMR U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, France
| | - Erika Tóth
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bela Papp
- INSERM UMR U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, France; CEA, DRF-Institut Francois Jacob, Department of Hemato-Immunology Research, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
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Fan L, Liu J, Ju B, Lou D, Tian Y. A deep learning based holistic diagnosis system for immunohistochemistry interpretation and molecular subtyping. Neoplasia 2024; 50:100976. [PMID: 38412576 PMCID: PMC10904904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer in different molecular subtypes, which is determined by the overexpression rates of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki67, exhibit distinct symptom characteristics and sensitivity to different treatment. The immunohistochemical method, one of the most common detecting tools for tumour markers, is heavily relied on artificial judgment and in clinical practice, with an inherent limitation in interpreting stability and operating efficiency. Here, a holistic intelligent breast tumour diagnosis system has been developed for tumour-markeromic analysis, combining the automatic interpretation and clinical suggestion. METHODS The holistic intelligent breast tumour diagnosis system included two main modules. The interpreting modules were constructed based on convolutional neural network, for comprehensively extracting and analyzing the multi-features of immunostaining. Referring to the clinical classification criteria, the interpreting results were encoded in a low-dimensional feature representation in the subtyping module, to efficiently output a holistic detecting result of the critical tumour-markeromic with diagnosis suggestions on molecular subtypes. RESULTS The overexpression rates of HER2, ER, PR, and Ki67, as well as an effective determination of molecular subtypes were successfully obtained by this diagnosis system, with an average sensitivity of 97.6 % and an average specificity of 96.1 %, among those, the sensitivity and specificity for interpreting HER2 were up to 99.8 % and 96.9 %. CONCLUSION The holistic intelligent breast tumour diagnosis system shows improved performance in the interpretation of immunohistochemical images over pathologist-level, which can be expected to overcome the limitations of conventional manual interpretation in efficiency, precision, and repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fan
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Industry-Education Integration School), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Jiahe Liu
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Industry-Education Integration School), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Baoyang Ju
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Industry-Education Integration School), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Doudou Lou
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Yushen Tian
- School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110870, PR China.
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Alkhayyat R, Abbas A, Quinn CM, Rakha EA. Tumour 63 protein (p63) in breast pathology: biology, immunohistochemistry, diagnostic applications, and pitfalls. Histopathology 2024; 84:723-741. [PMID: 38012539 DOI: 10.1111/his.15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumour protein 63 (p63) is a transcription factor of the p53 gene family, encoded by the TP63 gene located at chromosome 3q28, which regulates the activity of genes involved in growth and development of the ectoderm and derived tissues. p63 protein is normally expressed in the nuclei of the basal cell layer of glandular organs, including breast, in squamous epithelium and in urothelium. p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining has several applications in diagnostic breast pathology. It is commonly used to demonstrate myoepithelial cells at the epithelial stromal interface to differentiate benign and in situ lesions from invasive carcinoma and to characterize and classify papillary lesions including the distinction of breast intraduct papilloma from skin hidradenoma. p63 IHC is also used to identify and profile lesions showing myoepithelial cell and/or squamous differentiation, e.g. adenomyoepithelioma, salivary gland-like tumours including adenoid cystic carcinoma, and metaplastic breast carcinoma including low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma. This article reviews the applications of p63 IHC in diagnostic breast pathology and outlines a practical approach to the diagnosis and characterization of breast lesions through the identification of normal and abnormal p63 protein expression. The biology of p63, the range of available antibodies with emphasis on staining specificity and sensitivity, and pitfalls in interpretation are also discussed. The TP63 gene in humans, which shows a specific genomic structure, resulting in either TAp63 (p63) isoform or ΔNp63 (p40) isoform. As illustrated in the figure, both isoforms contain a DNA-binding domain (Orange box) and an oligomerization domain (Grey box). TAp63 contains an N-terminal transactivation (TA) domain (Green box), while ΔNp63 has an alternative terminus (Yellow box). Antibodies against conventional pan-p63 (TP63) bind to the DNA binding domain common to both isoforms (TAp63 and p40) and does not distinguish between them. Antibodies against TAp63 bind to the N-terminal TA domain, while antibodies specific to ΔNp63 (p40) bind to the alternative terminus. Each isoform has variant isotypes (α, β, γ, δ, and ε).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Alkhayyat
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospitals, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Areeg Abbas
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cecily M Quinn
- Irish National Breast Screening Program, Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Academic Unit for Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pathology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Wu J, Cao CZ, Cui HL, Du G, Shi HZ, Liang J, Guo L, Wang YC, Zhang J, Zhou AP, Li CL, Zheng S, Shou JZ. Prognosis and Clinicopathological Characters of Adult TFEB-Altered Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Single Center Experience of 18 Cases. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:261-268.e3. [PMID: 38104031 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TFEB-altered renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare entity characterized by the rearrangement of the TFEB gene or TFEB amplified. The therapeutic implications and long-term survival of TFEB-altered RCC remain unclear, especially for metastatic cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study initially enrolled 7604 consecutive RCC patients at our center and a total of 248 patients were selected for FISH and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Eventually, eighteen TFEB-altered RCC patients were identified. We then reported the clinical, morphological, IHC, and radiological features of these cases. RESULTS The median age at initial diagnosis was 45 years, ranging from 18 years to 66 years. The majority of the TFEB-altered RCC patients were male (61.1%), with localized disease (T1-2N0M0, 77.8%). The median split TFEB fluorescent signal was 24%, ranging from 15%-80%. The morphological characteristics of TFEB-altered RCC were variable, with acinar, papillary, solid, or nest patterns. IHC and magnetic resonance imaging features of TFEB-altered RCC were nonspecific. Nine patients with localized disease received partial nephrectomy and five patients with localized disease received radical nephrectomy. During the median follow-up of 67 months, no signs of recurrence or metastasis were found in these patients. Two patients had distant metastasis and received axitinib plus PD-1 immunotherapy. One of them died at 40-month follow-up and another still alive at 88-month follow-up. CONCLUSION TFEB-altered RCC is an extremely rare variant, exhibited mixed morphological characteristics. The radiological feature lack specificity, resembling clear cell RCC or papillary RCC. Genetic analyses including FISH analysis is crucial in the diagnosis of TFEB-altered RCC. For localized TFEB-altered RCC, both radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy conferred satisfactory prognosis. For metastatic TFEB-altered RCC, immunotherapy-based drug combinations could be a promising treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Zhen Cao
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Lei Cui
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gan Du
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhe Shi
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Imaging, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Imaging, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Ping Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Ling Li
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Shou
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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12
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Rathi A, Sahay A, Shet TM, Patil A, Desai SB. Validation of Dual-Color Dual In Situ Hybridization for HER2/neu Gene in Breast Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:453-460. [PMID: 37490416 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0543-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Human epidermal growth factor (HER2/neu) gene amplification, a poor prognostic factor in invasive breast cancer, has shown substantial utility as a predictive marker, with significantly improved survival following anti-HER2 therapies like trastuzumab. Dual-color dual in situ hybridization (D-DISH), a recently introduced fully automated assay for HER2/neu evaluation on light microscopy, has several advantages over fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). OBJECTIVE.— To standardize and validate the D-DISH assay using FISH as the gold standard and assess interobserver reproducibility in interpreting the D-DISH assay. DESIGN.— D-DISH was performed using the latest HER2 Dual ISH DNA Probe Cocktail assay (Ventana Medical Systems Inc, Tucson, Arizona) in 148 cases of invasive breast cancer. The same block was used for performing immunohistochemistry by Ventana PATHWAY anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antibody and FISH assay by ZytoLight SPEC ERBB2/CEN17 Dual Color Probe. D-DISH was separately interpreted by 4 pathologists blinded to FISH results. RESULTS.— Concordance of 98.65% and a Cohen κ value of 0.97 were observed between FISH and D-DISH. Intraclass correlation coefficient (0.93-0.97) and κ values (0.98-1.0) for interobserver reproducibility showed almost perfect agreement by D-DISH. Interobserver reproducibility was also evaluated for genomic heterogeneity, HER2 group categorization, and polysomy (κ values 0.42-0.74, 0.89-0.93, and 0.98-1.0, respectively). CONCLUSIONS.— We successfully validated the latest version of D-DISH assay as a substitute for FISH in predicting HER2 gene status with significant interobserver reproducibility, concluding that this D-DISH assay may be introduced in routine diagnostic services as a reflex test to ascertain HER2 gene status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Rathi
- From the Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Ayushi Sahay
- From the Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Tanuja M Shet
- From the Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Asawari Patil
- From the Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sangeeta B Desai
- From the Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Fraune C, Tazelaar HD, Butt YM, Smith ML, Larsen BT, Kelemen K. Usefulness and Limitations of Current Diagnostic Strategies for Pulmonary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma: Lessons Learned From a Large Cohort. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:419-429. [PMID: 37594899 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0521-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— The pathologic diagnosis of pulmonary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is challenging. OBJECTIVE.— To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness and limitations of current diagnostic strategies for pulmonary MALT lymphoma. DESIGN.— A retrospective review of 120 cases of pulmonary MALT lymphoma from 2014 through 2021 was performed. RESULTS.— Clinicoradiologic presentations overlapped with previous observations in patients with MALT lymphoma, such as a wide age range, female predominance, frequent association with autoimmune disease or immunodeficiency, and broad imaging findings. The histopathologic diagnosis was based on a combination of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and demonstration of B-cell lineage clonality. Two-thirds (76 of 113) of MALT lymphomas had lymphoplasmacytoid cytomorphology. Occasionally, MALT lymphomas were associated with granulomas/giant cells (29%, 35 of 120) or immunoglobulin deposition disease (21%, 25 of 120), including light chain/heavy chain deposition disease, amyloidosis, and/or crystal storing histiocytosis. While CD5, CD10, Bcl-2, and Bcl-6 rarely revealed aberrancies, aberrant CD43 expression either on B-cells or on plasma cells was detected in 42% (27 of 64) of cases, including cases for which proof of clonality could not be obtained. κ/λ in situ hybridization was particularly useful for tumors with lymphoplasmacytoid morphology but performed poorly in lymphomas having no plasmacytic differentiation. κ/λ immunohistochemistry showed no additional usefulness when applied together with κ/λ in situ hybridization. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement studies by polymerase chain reaction achieved high detection rates of clonality in all cytomorphologic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS.— Our study offers a practical evaluation of common diagnostic tests in pulmonary MALT lymphoma. We offer recommendations for a diagnostic workup that takes into consideration the usefulness and the specific limitations of the various diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fraune
- From the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (Fraune)
| | - Henry D Tazelaar
- the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (Tazelaar, Butt, Smith, Larsen, Kelemen)
| | - Yasmeen M Butt
- the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (Tazelaar, Butt, Smith, Larsen, Kelemen)
| | - Maxwell L Smith
- the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (Tazelaar, Butt, Smith, Larsen, Kelemen)
| | - Brandon T Larsen
- the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (Tazelaar, Butt, Smith, Larsen, Kelemen)
| | - Katalin Kelemen
- the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (Tazelaar, Butt, Smith, Larsen, Kelemen)
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14
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Miller LJ, Holmes IM, Lew M. An Updated Contextual Approach to Mesothelial Proliferations in Pleural Effusion Cytology Leveraging Morphology, Ancillary Studies, and Novel Biomarkers. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:409-418. [PMID: 37622452 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0049-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Pleural effusions are common cytologic specimens that can be leveraged to make diagnoses of malignancy that drive appropriate patient management. However, the overlap in morphologic features of reactive mesothelial proliferations, mesotheliomas, and adenocarcinomas can create diagnostic pitfalls in the cytologic evaluation of pleural fluids. OBJECTIVE.— To review the morphologic spectrum of benign and malignant mesothelial proliferations in pleural effusions, as well as relevant clinicoradiologic contexts and ancillary tests. DATA SOURCES.— Existing scientific and clinical literature as of January 2023. CONCLUSIONS.— We can leverage the knowledge of several overlapping morphologic features, clinicoradiologic scenarios, and immunohistochemical studies to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of pleural effusion cytology to appropriately delineate cases of adenocarcinoma, reactive mesothelial proliferation, and mesothelioma. Earlier diagnosis through cytology, particularly in cases of mesothelioma, may positively impact patient treatment options and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Miller
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Hospital and Health System, Ann Arbor
| | - Isabella M Holmes
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Hospital and Health System, Ann Arbor
| | - Madelyn Lew
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Hospital and Health System, Ann Arbor
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Nocco SE, Ewalt MD, Moy AP, Lewis NE, Zhu M, Lezcano C, Busam K, Pulitzer M. TRBC1 immunohistochemistry distinguishes cutaneous T-cell lymphoma from inflammatory dermatitis: A retrospective analysis of 39 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:839-841. [PMID: 38061444 PMCID: PMC10960695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Nocco
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mark D Ewalt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrea P Moy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Natasha E Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Menglei Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cecilia Lezcano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Klaus Busam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Melissa Pulitzer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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16
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Grillo F, Paudice M, Pigozzi S, Dono M, Lastraioli S, Lugaresi M, Bozzano S, Tognoni C, Ali M, Sciallero S, Puccini A, Fassan M, Mastracci L. BRAF V600E immunohistochemistry can reliably substitute BRAF molecular testing in the Lynch syndrome screening algorithm in colorectal cancer. Histopathology 2024; 84:877-887. [PMID: 38173291 DOI: 10.1111/his.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The Lynch syndrome (LS) screening algorithm requires BRAF testing as a fundamental step to distinguish sporadic from LS-associated colorectal carcinomas (CRC). BRAF testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has shown variable results in the literature. Our aim was to analyse concordance between BRAFV600E IHC and BRAF molecular analysis in a large, mono-institutional CRC whole-slide, case series with laboratory validation. METHODS AND RESULTS MisMatch repair (MMR) protein (hMLH1, hPMS2, hMSH2, and hMSH6) and BRAFV600E IHC were performed on all unselected cases of surgically resected CRCs (2018-2023). An in-house validation study for BRAFV600E IHC was performed in order to obtain optimal IHC stains. BRAFVV600E IHC was considered negative (score 0), positive (scores 2-3), and equivocal (score 1). Interobserver differences in BRAFV600E IHC scoring were noted in the first 150 cases prospectively collected. Nine-hundred and ninety CRCs cases (830 proficient (p)MMR/160 deficient (d)MMR) were included and all cases performed BRAFV600E IHC (BRAFV600E IHC-positive 13.5% of all series; 66.3% dMMR cases; 3.4% pMMR cases), while 333 also went to BRAF mutation analysis. Optimal agreement in IHC scoring between pathologists (P < 0.0001) was seen; concordance between BRAFV600E IHC and BRAF molecular analysis was extremely high (sensitivity 99.1%, specificity 99.5%; PPV 99.1%, and NPV 99.5%). Discordant cases were reevaluated; 1 score 3 + IHC/wildtype case was an interpretation error and one score 0 IHC/mutated case was related to heterogenous BRAFV600E IHC expression. Among the 12 IHC-equivocal score 1+ cases (which require BRAF molecular analysis), three were BRAF-mutated and nine BRAF-wildtype. CONCLUSION BRAFV600E IHC can be used as a reliable surrogate of molecular testing after stringent in-house validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Grillo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Paudice
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Pigozzi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Dono
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sonia Lastraioli
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Lugaresi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research Group, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Silvia Bozzano
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Camilla Tognoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Murad Ali
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Sciallero
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Puccini
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Shao C, Yan X, Pang S, Nian D, Ren L, Li H, Sun J. Bifunctional molecular probe targeting tumor PD-L1 enhances anti-tumor efficacy by promoting ferroptosis in lung cancer mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111781. [PMID: 38442580 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting tumor-specific PD-1/PD-L1 significantly improve the overall survival rate of patients with advanced cancer by reactivating the immune system to attack cancer cells. To explore their tumor killing effect, we used the radionuclide iodine-131 (131I) to label the anti-PD-L1 antibody Atezolizumab (131I-PD-L1 mAb). METHOD We prepared the radioimmunoassay molecular probe 131I-PD-L1 mAb by the chloramine-T method and evaluated its affinity using Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells. The uptake of 131I-PD-L1 mAb by transplanted tumors was examined through SPECT and its in vivo distribution. We then compared the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of groups treated with control, PD-L1 mAb, 131I-PD-L1 mAb, and 131I-PD-L1 mAb + PD-L1 mAb combined treatment. We performed H&E staining to examine the changes in tumor, as well as the damage in major tissues and organs caused by potential side effects. The anti-tumor mechanism of 131I-PD-L1 mAb was analyzed by Western blot, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULT 131I-PD-L1 mAb was highly stable and specific, and easily penetrated into tumor. 131I-PD-L1 mAb suppressed cancer cell proliferation in vitro, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo by inducing ferroptosis, thus prolonging the survival of experimental animals while demonstrating biological safety. CONCLUSION Therefore, our study suggested that 131I-PD-L1 mAb affected the expression of tumor-related factors through β-rays and thus promoted ferroptosis in tumor. Combined treatment showed better anti-tumor effect compared to single ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui Province, Bengbu 233000, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Yan
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of Jiangyou, Jiangyou 621700, PR China
| | - Shangjie Pang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui Province, Bengbu 233000, PR China
| | - Di Nian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui Province, Bengbu 233000, PR China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui Province, Bengbu 233000, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, PR China
| | - Junjie Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Anhui Province, Bengbu 233000, PR China.
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18
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Noske A, Steiger K, Ballke S, Kiechle M, Oettler D, Roth W, Weichert W. Comparison of assessment of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status in triple-negative breast cancer biopsies and surgical specimens. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:239-245. [PMID: 36669878 PMCID: PMC10958329 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is important for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies but may vary between different immunohistochemical assays, scorings and the type of specimen used for analysis. METHODS We compared the analytical concordance of three clinically relevant PD-L1 assays (VENTANA SP142, VENTANA SP263 and DAKO 22C3 pharmDx) assessing immune cell score (IC), tumour proportion score and combined positive score (CPS) in preoperative biopsies and resection specimens of primary TNBC. PD-L1 expression was scored on virtual whole slide images and compared with expression data from corresponding surgical specimens. RESULTS The mean PD-L1 positivity in TNBC biopsies defined as IC ≥1% and CPS ≥1 ranged between 11% and 61% with the lowest positivity for SP142 and highest for SP263. The corresponding surgical specimens showed overall higher positivity rates (53%-75%). When comparing biopsies with surgical specimens, the agreement for PD-L1 positivity with SP263 and 22C3 at IC score ≥1% and CPS ≥1 was fair (kappa 0.47-0.52) and poor for SP142 (kappa 0.15-0.19). Using CPS ≥10 cut-off, the agreement for SP263 was excellent (kappa 0.751) but poor for 22C3 (kappa 0.261). Spearman correlation coefficients ranged between 0.489 and 0.75 indicating a generally moderate to strong correlation between biopsies and surgical specimens for all assays and scores. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate high accordance between biopsies and surgical specimens for SP263 and 22C3 scoring but less for SP142. Generally, biopsies are suitable for PD-L1 testing in TNBC but the appropriate assay, scoring and cut-off must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Noske
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Ballke
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Oettler
- Medical affairs, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Haar, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Katabi N. Oncocytoid Salivary Tumors: Differential Diagnosis and Utility of Newly Described Immunohistochemistry. Head Neck Pathol 2024; 18:20. [PMID: 38502259 PMCID: PMC10951193 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncocytoid salivary tumors include several entities such as oncocytoma, Warthin tumor, secretory carcinoma (SC), salivary duct carcinoma (SDC), acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC), oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma (OMEC), intraductal carcinoma, and epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC). This review investigates the differential diagnosis of oncocytoid salivary tumors and explore the role of newly described immunostains as valuable tools for their diagnosing and potentially guiding treatment options. METHODS We assess the utility of incorporating new immunohistochemical markers in routine practice to aid in diagnosing oncocytoid salivary tumors and potentially provide treatment options. RESULTS In SDC, AR and Her2 immunostains are utilized as diagnostic tools and biomarkers for selecting patients who might benefit from Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and HER2-targeted therapy. Furthermore, nuclear Pan-Trk immunostaining can aid in diagnosing SC. Additionally, NR4A3 immunostaining has been shown high sensitivity and specificity in identifying AciCC in both surgical and cytologic specimens. Similarly, RAS Q61R mutant-specific immunostaining, detected in EMC, may offer a cost-effective diagnostic marker for this tumor. Although further studies are required to evaluate the role of BSND, this marker has been reported to be positive in Warthin tumor and oncocytoma, aiding in differentiating them from other oncocytoid tumors, particularly OMEC. In addition, BRAFV600E mutant-specific immunostaining can serve as a diagnostic and potentially therapeutic marker for oncocytic intraductal carcinoma in mutation positive cases. CONCLUSION Oncocytoid salivary tumors may have overlapping morphologies, posing diagnostic challenges for pathologists. Recently described immunohistochemical markers may offer valuable tools for diagnosing and potentially guiding treatment options for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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20
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Sell LB, Shi Q, Bhat MA. Protocol for isolating and processing mouse sciatic nerve fibers for confocal immunohistochemistry. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102852. [PMID: 38277269 PMCID: PMC10840394 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Many motor and neurodegenerative diseases affect the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The myelinated axons in the sciatic nerves offer valuable insights into the pathology of these diseases. Here, we present a protocol for isolating and processing mouse sciatic nerves for confocal immunohistochemistry. We describe steps for mouse perfusion, removing and fixing the sciatic nerve, transferring nerves onto slides, staining, and imaging. This protocol can assist in characterizing pathologies of myelinated fibers resulting from diseases affecting the PNS. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Chang et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey B Sell
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; IBMS Neuroscience Graduate Program, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; IBMS Neuroscience Graduate Program, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Manzoor A Bhat
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; IBMS Neuroscience Graduate Program, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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21
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Bamminger K, Pichler V, Vraka C, Limberger T, Moneva B, Pallitsch K, Lieder B, Zacher AS, Ponti S, Benčurová K, Yang J, Högler S, Kodajova P, Kenner L, Hacker M, Wadsak W. Development and In Vivo Evaluation of Small-Molecule Ligands for Positron Emission Tomography of Immune Checkpoint Modulation Targeting Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1. J Med Chem 2024; 67:4036-4062. [PMID: 38442487 PMCID: PMC10945501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
A substantial portion of patients do not benefit from programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint inhibition therapies, necessitating a deeper understanding of predictive biomarkers. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has played a pivotal role in assessing PD-L1 expression, but small-molecule positron emission tomography (PET) tracers could offer a promising avenue to address IHC-associated limitations, i.e., invasiveness and PD-L1 expression heterogeneity. PET tracers would allow for improved quantification of PD-L1 through noninvasive whole-body imaging, thereby enhancing patient stratification. Here, a large series of PD-L1 targeting small molecules were synthesized, leveraging advantageous substructures to achieve exceptionally low nanomolar affinities. Compound 5c emerged as a promising candidate (IC50 = 10.2 nM) and underwent successful carbon-11 radiolabeling. However, a lack of in vivo tracer uptake in xenografts and notable accumulation in excretory organs was observed, underscoring the challenges encountered in small-molecule PD-L1 PET tracer development. The findings, including structure-activity relationships and in vivo biodistribution data, stand to illuminate the path forward for refining small-molecule PD-L1 PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Bamminger
- CBmed
GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- CBmed
GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Limberger
- CBmed
GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Clinical Pathology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Boryana Moneva
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Lieder
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, University of
Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute
of Clinical Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Sophia Zacher
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Ponti
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarína Benčurová
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiaye Yang
- Institute
of Clinical Pathology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Högler
- Unit
of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University
of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Kodajova
- Unit
of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University
of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- CBmed
GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Clinical Pathology, Medical University
of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Unit
of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University
of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- CBmed
GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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22
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Faley SL, Boghdeh NA, Schaffer DK, Spivey EC, Alem F, Narayanan A, Wikswo JP, Brown JA. Gravity-perfused airway-on-a-chip optimized for quantitative BSL-3 studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection: barrier permeability, cytokine production, immunohistochemistry, and viral load assays. Lab Chip 2024; 24:1794-1807. [PMID: 38362777 PMCID: PMC10929697 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00894k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Human microphysiological systems, such as organs on chips, are an emerging technology for modeling human physiology in a preclinical setting to understand the mechanism of action of drugs, to evaluate the efficacy of treatment options for human disease and impairment, and to assess drug toxicity. By using human cells co-cultured in three-dimensional constructs, organ chips can provide greater fidelity to the human cellular condition than their two-dimensional predecessors. However, with the rise of SARS-CoV-2 and the global COVID-19 pandemic, it became clear that many microphysiological systems were not compatible with or optimized for studies of infectious disease and operation in a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) environment. Given that one of the early sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the airway, we created a human airway organ chip that could operate in a BSL-3 space with high throughput and minimal manipulation, while retaining the necessary physical and physiological components to recapitulate tissue response to infectious agents and the immune response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Faley
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Niloufar A Boghdeh
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - David K Schaffer
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Eric C Spivey
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Farhang Alem
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
- College of Science, Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - John P Wikswo
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Brown
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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23
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Ohnishi C, Ohnishi T, Ibrahim K, Ntiamoah P, Ross D, Yamaguchi M, Yagi Y. Color Standardization and Stain Intensity Calibration for Whole Slide Image-Based Immunohistochemistry Assessment. Microsc Microanal 2024; 30:118-132. [PMID: 38156737 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Automated quantification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) using whole slide imaging (WSI) is expected to eliminate subjectivity in visual assessment. However, the color intensity in WSI varies depending on the staining process and scanner device. Such variations affect the image analysis results. This paper presents methods to diminish the influence of color variation produced in the staining process using a calibrator slide consisting of peptide-coated microbeads. The calibrator slide is stained along with tissue sample slides, and the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) color intensities of the microbeads are used for calibrating the color variation of the sample slides. An off-the-shelf image analysis tool is employed for the automated assessment, in which cells are classified by the thresholds for the membrane staining. We have adopted two methods for calibrating the color variation based on the DAB color intensities obtained from the calibrator slide: (1) thresholds for classifying the DAB membranous intensity are adjusted, and (2) the color intensity of WSI is corrected. In the experiment, the calibrator slides and tissue of breast cancer slides were stained together on different days and used to test our protocol. With the proposed protocol, the discordance in the HER2 evaluation was reduced to one slide out of 120 slides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Ohnishi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1133 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohnishi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1133 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kareem Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1133 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peter Ntiamoah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1133 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dara Ross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1133 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yukako Yagi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1133 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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24
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Yu L, He L. Aberrant expression of TFE3 in granular cell tumor: Four cases in pediatrics. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30811. [PMID: 38073015 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianyuan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lejian He
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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25
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Honzel E, Joshi A, Hernandez-Morato I, Pennington-FitzGerald W, Pitman MJ. A comparison of confocal and epifluorescence microscopy for quantification of RNAScope and immunohistochemistry fluorescent images. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 403:110050. [PMID: 38145719 PMCID: PMC10874114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of RNA expression and protein production in fluorescent stainings provides critical information concerning neurodevelopment. A trustable independent quantification technique requires acquisition of reliable images prior to image processing. There is uncertainty in existing literature regarding the use of confocal microscopy compared to standard epifluorescence microscopy, especially in the context of RNA in situ hybridization protocols. NEW METHOD The hindbrains of developing rat embryos from embryologic day 14 (E14) to E20 were sectioned and stained for expression of Hoxb1, Hoxb2, and Phox2b using both RNAScope and immunohistochemistry. Islet1 was used for identification of hindbrain motoneuron cell bodies. Slides were imaged using both confocal and epifluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Expression patterns of both mRNA and protein were similar in both imaging modalities. Analyses of Hoxb1 and Hoxb2 mRNA expression were particularly concordant between-scopes, with similar p-values and posthoc differences between timepoints. Confocal imaging of Hoxb2 protein yielded a significant peak at E18, but this level of significance was not reached using epifluorescence microscopy. Although similar trends were observed, only Phox2b RNAScope results were statistically significant when analyzed with confocal microscopy. In contrast, Phox2b immunostaining analyses showed significant differences using both microscopes. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Researchers may save time and financial resources if epifluorescence microscopy provides comparable or equal results as confocal. CONCLUSIONS Epifluorescence microscopy appears sufficient for quantification of RNAScope experiments with relatively low puncta per cell, while confocal microscopy gives clearer definition to immunohistochemical protein relationships and may be preferable especially in targets with low protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Honzel
- The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Abhinav Joshi
- The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Ignacio Hernandez-Morato
- The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - William Pennington-FitzGerald
- The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Michael J Pitman
- The Center for Voice and Swallowing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
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26
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Wynn L, Hodges V, Criswell S. Mast Cell Concentrations in Pancreatic Disease Processes. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024; 32:163-168. [PMID: 37982564 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells enumeration has been performed using various histologic staining techniques with the goal of elucidating the influence mast cells exert on pathologic processes. In this study, 77 human pancreatic tissues evidencing morphologically normal pancreas, benign fibrotic changes, endocrine tumors, and adenocarcinoma were evaluated using Wright stain and immunohistochemistry markers for tryptase and CD117. Mast cell counts were similar with tryptase and CD117 but were both significantly higher than counts obtained with the Wright stain. Furthermore, all analyses demonstrated that endocrine tumors and morphologically normal pancreatic tissues had significantly lower mast cell counts as compared with benign fibrosis and adenocarcinoma suggesting that the highly fibrotic nature of both pancreatitis and adenocarcinoma are related to increased mast cell concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Wynn
- Department of Diagnostic and Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - Victoria Hodges
- Department of Pathology, Methodist University Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Sheila Criswell
- Department of Diagnostic and Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
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27
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Koehler JW, Miller AD, Rissi DR. Effects of autolysis and prolonged formalin fixation on histomorphology and immunohistochemistry of normal canine brain tissue: an experimental study. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:169-176. [PMID: 38212877 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231220649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
CNS tumor diagnosis in dogs often relies on immunohistochemistry (IHC) given similar histologic features among tumors. Most CNS tissue samples encountered by diagnostic pathologists are collected during autopsy, and postmortem specimens can be susceptible to autolysis and prolonged formalin fixation, both of which have the potential to influence IHC results and interpretation. Here we evaluated the effects of experimentally controlled autolysis induced by delayed tissue fixation (sections of brain held for 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h in 0.9% NaCl at either room temperature or 37°C prior to fixation) as well as the effects of prolonged formalin fixation times (1 wk, 1 mo, 2 mo) on a panel of 8 IHC markers (CNPase, GFAP, Iba1, OLIG2, PGP9.5, MAP2, NeuN, synaptophysin) relevant to brain tumor diagnosis. Prolonged fixation of up to 2 mo had no detrimental effect on any immunomarker except NeuN, which had reduced immunolabeling intensity. Delayed fixation led to autolytic changes as expected, on a gradient of severity corresponding to increased time in saline prior to fixation. Several immunomarkers should be used with caution (CNPase, OLIG2) or avoided entirely (MAP2, NeuN) in markedly autolyzed brain and brain tumor tissues. Our results suggest that autolysis has minimal effect on most immunomarkers, but that advanced autolysis may cause a loss of specificity for GFAP, MAP2, and PGP9.5, a loss of intensity of CNPase and OLIG2, and loss of labeling with MAP2 and NeuN. Prolonged fixation affected only NeuN, with mildly decreased intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Koehler
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Daniel R Rissi
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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28
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Tyburski H, Karakas C, Finkelman BS, Turner BM, Zhang H, Hicks DG. In ER-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancers, HER2 mRNA Levels Correlate Better with Clinicopathologic Features and Oncotype DX Recurrence Score than HER2 Immunohistochemistry. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100309. [PMID: 38135156 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the approval of trastuzumab deruxtecan for treating advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) low breast cancer (BC), it has become increasingly important to develop more accurate and reliable methods to identify HER2-low BC. In addition, HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has limitations for quantification of HER2. We explored the relationship between HER2 IHC and mRNA levels and evaluated whether HER2 IHC scores and mRNA levels are associated with clinicopathologic features and Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative BCs. A total of 750 BCs sent for Oncotype DX (ODX) testing were included in this study, and 559 with HER2 mRNA levels were available. There were no statistically significant differences between HER2 0 and HER2-low BC in clinicopathologic variables or ODX RS using HER2 IHC. There was a significant difference in median HER2 mRNA values between HER2 0 and HER2-low (8.7 vs 9.3, P < .001); however, the HER2 mRNA distribution had substantial overlap between these 2 groups with a suboptimal area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.68). A HER2 mRNA value of 9.2 was generated as the optimal cutoff for distinguishing HER2 0 and HER2-low BC. Comparing ER+ BCs with HER2 mRNA high (>9.2) and low (≤9.2) revealed a statistically significant difference in most clinicopathologic variables and ODX RS. From this large cohort of ER-positive, HER2-negative BC, our results demonstrated that HER2 mRNA levels correlated better with clinicopathologic features and recurrence risk as assessed by ODX RS than HER2 IHC scores. Our findings suggest that HER2 mRNA-detecting methods could potentially serve as a quantitative and reliable method for identifying a biologically meaningful group of HER2-low BC. Further study is needed to determine whether HER2 mRNA levels could be more reliable than IHC for identifying which patients will be most likely to benefit from trastuzumab deruxtecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Tyburski
- Class of 2024, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Cansu Karakas
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Brian S Finkelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Bradley M Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Huina Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
| | - David G Hicks
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Perrin
- Laboratoire Central d'Anatomie Pathologique, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France
- Nail's Dermatology Consultations, Cannes, France
| | - Michael Coutts
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Maidstone Hospital, Kent, UK
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30
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Bourgeau M, Gardner JM. Immunohistochemistry Update in Dermatopathology and Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:284-291. [PMID: 37535665 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0033-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in dermatopathology, particularly for melanocytic lesions and poorly differentiated malignancies. In the field of bone and soft tissue pathology, molecular methods remain the gold standard for diagnosis; however, immunohistochemistry targeting underlying molecular alterations represents a valuable screening tool, especially in areas with limited access to molecular testing. OBJECTIVE.— To describe the utility and limitations of new and emerging immunohistochemical stains in the diagnosis of skin, soft tissue, and bone tumors. DATA SOURCES.— A literature review of recently described immunohistochemical stains in the fields of dermatopathology and bone and soft tissue pathology was performed. CONCLUSIONS.— Immunohistochemistry is an important adjunctive tool for select entities in dermatopathology and bone and soft tissue pathology, and it provides pathologists with valuable evidence of their behavior, underlying molecular alterations, and line of differentiation. Furthermore, immunostains targeting molecular abnormalities have the potential to replace current molecular methods. Many of these recently described stains demonstrate higher sensitivity and specificity; however, limitations and pitfalls still exist, and correlation with morphologic and clinical findings remains essential for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bourgeau
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (Bourgeau)
| | - Jerad M Gardner
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania (Gardner)
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Liu J, Zhang S, Emadi S, Guo T, Chen L, Feng B. Morphological, molecular, and functional characterization of mouse glutamatergic myenteric neurons. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G279-G290. [PMID: 38193160 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00200.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) functions largely independently of the central nervous system (CNS). Glutamate, the dominant neurotransmitter in the CNS and sensory afferents, is not a primary neurotransmitter in the ENS. Only a fraction (∼2%) of myenteric neurons in the mouse distal colon and rectum (colorectum) are positive for vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGLUT2), the structure and function of which remain undetermined. Here, we systematically characterized VGLUT2-positive enteric neurons (VGLUT2-ENs) through sparse labeling with adeno-associated virus, single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and GCaMP6f calcium imaging. Our results reveal that the majority of VGLUT2-ENs (29 of 31, 93.5%) exhibited Dogiel type I morphology with a single aborally projecting axon; most axons (26 of 29, 89.7%) are between 4 and 10 mm long, each traversing 19 to 34 myenteric ganglia. These anatomical features exclude the VGLUT2-ENs from being intrinsic primary afferent or motor neurons. The scRNA-seq conducted on 52 VGLUT2-ENs suggests different expression profiles from conventional descending interneurons. Ex vivo GCaMP6f recordings from flattened colorectum indicate that almost all VGLUT2-EN (181 of 215, 84.2%) are indirectly activated by colorectal stretch via nicotinic cholinergic neural transmission. In conclusion, VGLUT2-ENs are a functionally unique group of enteric neurons with single aborally projecting long axons that traverse multiple myenteric ganglia and are activated indirectly by colorectal mechanical stretch. This knowledge will provide a solid foundation for subsequent studies on the potential interactions of VGLUT2-EN with extrinsic colorectal afferents via glutamatergic neurotransmission.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We reveal that VGLUT2-positive enteric neurons (EN), although constituting a small fraction of total EN, are homogeneously expressed in the myenteric ganglia, with a slight concentration at the intermediate region between the colon and rectum. Through anatomic, molecular, and functional analyses, we demonstrated that VGLUT2-ENs are activated indirectly by noxious circumferential colorectal stretch via nicotinic cholinergic transmission, suggesting their participation in mechanical visceral nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Shaopeng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Sharareh Emadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Longtu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
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Le MK, Oishi N, Mochizuki K, Kondo T. Immunohistochemical detection of cancer genetic abnormalities. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155109. [PMID: 38340581 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
New applications of immunohistochemistry (IHC) expand rapidly due to the development of molecular analyses and an increased understanding of molecular biology. IHC becomes much more important as a screening or even a confirmatory test for molecular changes in cancer. The past decades have witnessed the release of many immunohistochemical markers of the new generation. The novel markers have extensively high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of genetic abnormalities. In addition to diagnostic utility, IHC has been validated to be a practical tool in terms of treatments, especially molecular targeted therapy. In this review, we first describe the common alterations of protein IHC staining in human cancer: overexpression, underexpression, or loss of expression and altered staining pattern. Next, we examine the relationship between staining patterns and genetic aberrations regarding both conventional and novel IHC markers. We also mention current mutant-specific and fusion-specific antibodies and their concordance with molecular techniques. We then describe the basic molecular mechanisms from genetic events to corresponding protein expression patterns (membranous, cytoplasmic, or nuclear patterns). Finally, we shortly discuss the applications of immunohistochemistry in molecular targeted therapy. IHC markers can serve as a complementary or companion diagnostic test to provide valuable information for targeted therapy. Moreover, immunohistochemistry is also crucial as a companion diagnostic test in immunotherapy. The increased number of IHC novel antibodies is broadening its application in anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Khang Le
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kunio Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kondo
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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Soukup J, Manethova M, Stejskal V, Novakova M, Duskova J, Hornychova H, Hacova M, Staniczkova-Zambo I, Zelinka T, Kosak M, Cesak T, Netuka D, Ryska A, Gabalec F. Hand2 Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Paragangliomas and Other Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Endocr Pathol 2024; 35:14-24. [PMID: 38416360 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-024-09803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Hand2 is a core transcription factor responsible for chromaffin cell differentiation. However, its potential utility in surgical pathology has not been studied. Thus, we aimed to investigate its expression in paragangliomas, other neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), and additional non-neuroendocrine tumors. We calibrated Hand2 immunohistochemistry on adrenal medulla cells and analyzed H-scores in 46 paragangliomas (PGs), 9 metastatic PGs, 21 cauda equina neuroendocrine tumors (CENETs), 48 neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), 8 olfactory neuroblastomas (ONBs), 110 well-differentiated NETs (WDNETs), 10 adrenal cortical carcinomas, 29 adrenal cortical adenomas, 8 melanomas, 41 different carcinomas, and 10 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Both tissue microarrays (TMAs) and whole sections (WSs) were studied. In 171 NENs, previously published data on Phox2B and GATA3 were correlated with Hand2. Hand2 was positive in 98.1% (54/55) PGs, but only rarely in WDNETs (9.6%, 10/104), CENETs (9.5%, 2/21), NECs (4.2%, 2/48), or ONBs (12.5%, 1/8). Any Hand2 positivity was 98.1% sensitive and 91.7% specific for the diagnosis of PG. The Hand2 H-score was significantly higher in primary PGs compared to Hand2-positive WDNETs (median 166.3 vs. 7.5; p < 0.0001). Metastatic PGs were positive in 88.9% (8/9). No Hand2 positivity was observed in any adrenal cortical neoplasm or other non-neuroendocrine tumors, with exception of 8/10 GISTs. Parasympathetic PGs showed a higher Hand2 H-score compared to sympathetic PGs (median H-scores 280 vs. 104, p < 0.0001). Hand2 positivity in NENs serves as a reliable marker of primary and metastatic PG, since other NENs only rarely exhibit limited Hand2 positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Soukup
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, Praha 6, 169 02, Prague, Czech Republic.
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Studnickova, 2039, 128 00, Nové Mesto, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Manethova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Stejskal
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Novakova
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, Praha 6, 169 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Duskova
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Studnickova, 2039, 128 00, Nové Mesto, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hornychova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Hacova
- Department of Pathology, The Regional Hospital Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Staniczkova-Zambo
- 1st Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University, Pekarská 664/53, 602 00, Brno-stred, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Zelinka
- Centre for Hypertension, 3rd Department of Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mikulas Kosak
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cesak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Netuka
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, Praha 6, 169 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Ryska
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Gabalec
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 582, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Santoro A, Angelico G, Mulè A, Minucci A, Giannuzzi F, Sammarco MG, Pagliara MM, Blasi MA. Conjunctival leiomyosarcoma: A clinico-pathological study with in deep molecular characterization. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155182. [PMID: 38335782 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary and metastatic leiomyosarcomas (LMS) involving the orbital region are well known to occur however, the conjunctiva represents an extremely rare site of occurrence. METHODS A 97-year-old male was referred to the Ocular Oncology Unit due to a rapidly growing painful mass (16×12×20 mm) in the nasal conjunctiva of his left eye. Wide excision followed by radiotherapy was performed. RESULTS Based on the microscopic features (hypercellular neoplasm composed of spindle cells with cigar shaped and blunt ended nuclei with brightly eosinophilic fibrillary cytoplasm) and immunohistochemical findings (positive staining for Vimentin, Desmin, Caldesmon, and SMA and negative staining for AE1/AE3, EMA, CD117, S100, MelanA, SOX10, HMB45, TLE1, CD99, EMA and AE1 / AE3) the final diagnosis of grade 2 leyomiosarcoma was rendered. Moreover, 'in deep' DNA sequencing (>500 genes analysis) revealed a neoplasm with high TMB: 64 muts/Mb and numerous VUS and several pathogenic/oncogenic molecular alterations, including CNV loss or gain in > 10 genes. At the last follow-up visit, residual disease was observed in the superior fornix, at the nasal limbus and the cornea. At the time of writing, after a follow-up of 2 month the patients is still alive without evidence of metastatic disease. CONCLUSION An uncommon molecular finding observed in our case was the presence of TSC1 gene mutation usually associated with soft tissue and gynecological PEComas. Our finding may harbor important therapeutic implications since the inactivation of the tumor suppressor genes TSC1 and TSC2 lead to upregulation of mTOR signaling, providing the rationale for target therapy with mTOR inhibitors. Additional studies on larger series are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santoro
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Angelico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonino Mulè
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Minucci
- Departmental Unit of Molecular and Genomic Diagnostics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Giannuzzi
- Ophthalmology Unit, "Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS", Rome 00168, Italy; Caholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Sammarco
- Ocular Oncology Unit, "Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS", Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Monica Maria Pagliara
- Ocular Oncology Unit, "Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS", Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Blasi
- Caholic University "Sacro Cuore", Rome 00168, Italy; Ocular Oncology Unit, "Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS", Rome 00168, Italy
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35
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Sarwar S, Tome ME, Billheimer D, Spier C, Smith CL, Persky D, Schmelz M. Optimizing assessment of CD30 expression in Hodgkin lymphoma by controlling for low expression. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:319-331. [PMID: 37377225 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Since the approval of brentuximab vedotin (BV), assessment of CD30 status by immunohistochemistry gained increasing importance in the clinical management of patients diagnosed with CD30-expressing lymphomas, including classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Paradoxically, patients with low or no CD30 expression respond to BV. This discrepancy may be due to lack of standardization in CD30 staining methods. In this study, we examined 29 cases of CHL and 4 cases of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) for CD30 expression using a staining protocol that was designed to detect low CD30 expression levels, and an evaluation system similar to the Allred scoring system used for breast cancer evaluation. For CHL, 10% of cases had low scores and 3% were CD30 negative, with 3 cases in which the majority of tumor cells showed very weak staining. Unexpectedly, one of four cases of NLPHL was positive. We demonstrate intra-patient heterogeneity in CD30 expression levels and staining patterns in tumor cells. Three CHL cases with weak staining may have been missed without the use of control tissue for low expression. Thus, standardization of CD30 immunohistochemical staining with use of known low-expressing controls may aid in proper CD30 assessment and subsequent therapeutic stratification of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoib Sarwar
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Margaret E Tome
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Dean Billheimer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Catherine Spier
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Catharine L Smith
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel Persky
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Monika Schmelz
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Nishio M, Tsukamoto S, Kodama T, Shigeoka M, Koma YI, Yokozaki H. Pseudoimmunofluorescent immunohistochemistry image analysis of phosphorylated signaling proteins in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue. Pathol Int 2024; 74:139-145. [PMID: 38258897 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry is primarily employed to visualize the localization of specific molecules in tissue samples. However, there is an increasing need for software-assisted quantitative assessment. In the present study, we performed inverted blue channel-based pseudoimmunofluorescence image analysis using original immunohistochemistry images. In human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues, various humoral factors promote the phosphorylation of signaling proteins, including protein kinase B (Akt) and/or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), leading to tumor progression. Our method demonstrated applicability in the analysis of localized signaling proteins in histological sections. Relatively high phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) intensity was observed in the cancer-stroma adjacent (Adj) and noncancerous regions of the superficial layer (SL). Furthermore, localized phosphorylated ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) was observed in the Adj of the SL and invasive front, distinct from the pattern of p-Akt (Ser473) and p-Akt (Thr308). In conclusion, pseudoimmunofluorescent immunohistochemistry image analysis is useful for the quantitative assessment and objective interpretation of localized signaling proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The method can also be applied to analyze various immunohistochemistry images from diverse tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Nishio
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsukamoto
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Manabu Shigeoka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Koma
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokozaki
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Agarwal A, Ravindran A, Donahue J, Eltoum IE, Abozeed M. Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease: a rare presentation involving anterior chest wall in a middle-aged female. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:589-594. [PMID: 37603054 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Rosai-Dorfman Disease is a rare benign disorder involving overproduction of immune cells, causing swollen lymph nodes and, in rare cases, the sternum. The sternal involvement may cause chest pain and masses. Diagnosis is confirmed through clinical examination, biopsy, and imaging. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation, or steroids. In this case study, we present an unusual example of extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease involving the sternum, bilateral clavicles and first three ribs, and pectoral muscle with no associated lymphadenopathy or systemic symptoms in a 57-year-old female. The etiology, pathology, immunohistochemistry, imaging findings, and treatment options of this unique disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aishwarya Ravindran
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Clinical Pathology Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James Donahue
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Thoracic Surgery Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Isam-Eldin Eltoum
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Clinical Pathology Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mostafa Abozeed
- Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Radiology Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Gompelmann D, Sarova P, Mosleh B, Papaporfyriou A, Oberndorfer F, Idzko M, Hoda MA. PD-L1 assessment in lung cancer biopsies-pitfalls and limitations. Int J Biol Markers 2024; 39:3-8. [PMID: 38111297 DOI: 10.1177/03936155231214273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression on tumor cells predicts the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. However, the assessment of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells has limited power for selecting patients for immunotherapy due to intra-tumoral heterogeneity and inter-tumoral heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression, the inter-observer variability in scoring PD-L1 staining, and reproducibility. These difficulties and pitfalls in interpreting the PD-L1 assessment are discussed in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gompelmann
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavla Sarova
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Berta Mosleh
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasia Papaporfyriou
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marco Idzko
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Brogård MB, Nielsen PS, Christensen KB, Georgsen JB, Wandler A, Lade-Keller J, Steiniche T. Immunohistochemical double nuclear staining for cell-specific automated quantification of the proliferation index - A promising diagnostic aid for melanocytic lesions. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155177. [PMID: 38330618 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Pathologists often use immunohistochemical staining of the proliferation marker Ki67 in their diagnostic assessment of melanocytic lesions. However, the interpretation of Ki67 can be challenging. We propose a new workflow to improve the diagnostic utility of the Ki67-index. In this workflow, Ki67 is combined with the melanocytic tumour-cell marker SOX10 in a Ki67/SOX10 double nuclear stain. The Ki67-index is then quantified automatically using digital image analysis (DIA). The aim of this study was to optimise and test three different multiplexing methods for Ki67/SOX10 double nuclear staining. METHODS Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF), multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), and multiplexed immunohistochemical consecutive staining on single slide (MICSSS) were optimised for Ki67/SOX10 double nuclear staining. DIA applications were designed for automated quantification of the Ki67-index. The methods were tested on a pilot case-control cohort of benign and malignant melanocytic lesions (n = 23). RESULTS Using the Ki67/SOX10 double nuclear stain, malignant melanocytic lesions could be completely distinguished from benign lesions by the Ki67-index. The Ki67-index cut-offs were 1.8% (mIF) and 1.5% (mIHC and MICSSS). The AUC of the automatically quantified Ki67-index based on double nuclear staining was 1.0 (95% CI: 1.0;1.0), whereas the AUC of conventional Ki67 single-stains was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.71;1.00). CONCLUSIONS The novel Ki67/SOX10 double nuclear stain highly improved the diagnostic precision of Ki67 interpretation. Both mIHC and mIF were useful methods for Ki67/SOX10 double nuclear staining, whereas the MICSSS method had challenges in the current setting. The Ki67/SOX10 double nuclear stain shows potential as a valuable diagnostic aid for melanocytic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Bak Brogård
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Patricia Switten Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kristina Bang Christensen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jeanette Bæhr Georgsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anne Wandler
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Johanne Lade-Keller
- Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Ladegårdsgade 3, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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40
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Becker CB, Jensen HE. Clinicopathologic evaluation of congenital idiopathic megaesophagus in a Gordon Setter puppy: a case report and development and application of peripherin immunohistochemistry for detection of ganglion cells. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:254-257. [PMID: 38305240 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241226950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined a case of congenital idiopathic megaesophagus (CIM) in a 5-wk-old female Gordon Setter puppy by means of contrast radiography, autopsy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Clinical and radiologic findings included weight stagnation and marked generalized esophageal dilation with ventral displacement of the heart and lungs. These findings were confirmed at autopsy, and segments of the thoracic esophagus were sampled for histopathology. On histopathology, diffuse esophageal muscular atrophy, mucosal erosions, mononuclear inflammation, and a marked reduction in the number of myenteric plexus structures and number of ganglion cells were present (aganglionosis). The latter was determined immunohistochemically using an anti-peripherin antibody as the primary reagent, which provides a strong tool for the histologic confirmation of CIM. The histologic findings share some similarities to lesions associated with megaesophagus in Friesian foals, as well as esophageal achalasia and Hirschsprung disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie B Becker
- Section for Special Pathology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik E Jensen
- Section for Special Pathology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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41
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Stent AW, Kiupel M, Dandrieux JRS, Liffman R, Bera MM. Nodular hyperplasia of lymphoglandular complexes in dogs: A potential diagnostic pitfall for rectal masses. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:243-247. [PMID: 37547933 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231190643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoglandular complexes are components of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue that are characterized by submucosal lymphoid aggregates invested by projections of mucosal epithelium. Reports of pathology involving these structures are rare in both human and veterinary literature. Here, the authors report 2 cases of rectal masses excised from dogs following a period of tenesmus and hematochezia. In both animals, the masses were composed of lymphoid tissue closely encompassing tubuloacinar structures. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction antigen receptor rearrangement testing demonstrated that the lymphoid population was polyclonal, comprising T and B cells arranged in loosely follicular aggregates centered on the epithelial foci. In light of these findings, a diagnosis of lymphoglandular complex nodular hyperplasia was reported. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of this condition in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Stent
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Gribbles Veterinary Pathology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Santos AF, Azevedo MI, Amaral CI, Grom NA, Marinho F, de Oliveira CSF, de M Soares DF, Morais MHF, Brandão ST, Menezes RC, Ecco R. Feline sporotrichosis: Characterization of cutaneous and extracutaneous lesions using different diagnostic methods. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:221-231. [PMID: 37515437 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231189448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a mycotic infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues caused by Sporothrix spp. that can also cause extracutaneous manifestations. This study aimed to characterize cutaneous and extracutaneous sporotrichosis lesions in cats. Over 1 year, 102 cats rescued by the Zoonoses Control Center of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, euthanized with clinical suspicion of feline sporotrichosis were evaluated. After euthanasia, the animals were evaluated by macroscopic, cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) examinations; fungal culture; and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sporothrix infection was identified by at least one diagnostic technique in all cats (n = 102) evaluated by postmortem examination, including 26/28 cases (93%) evaluated by IHC, 66/90 cases (73%) evaluated by cytology, 70/102 cases (68.6%) evaluated by histopathology, and 62/74 cases (84%) evaluated by fungal culture. Two cats had positive results only by fungal culture. Cytology and histopathology examinations were effective in diagnosing sporotrichosis, although IHC was needed to confirm the diagnosis in cats with low fungal loads. Sporothrix brasiliensis was confirmed by the sequencing of 3 samples. Skin lesions were characterized mainly by pyogranulomatous to granulomatous dermatitis (frequently with subcutaneous inflammation) with different intensities of Sporothrix spp. yeast. Extracutaneous findings associated with sporotrichosis included rhinitis or rhinosinusitis, lymphadenitis, pneumonia, meningitis, periorchitis, conjunctivitis, and glossitis. Extracutaneous infections were observed in 74/102 cases, and a possible association between the chronicity of the disease and the higher pathogenicity of this fungal species in cats requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agna F Santos
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria I Azevedo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila I Amaral
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nikollye A Grom
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Marinho
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila S F de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Danielle F de M Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria H F Morais
- Diretoria de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal da Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvana T Brandão
- Diretoria de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal da Saúde, Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C Menezes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roselene Ecco
- Pathology Sector and MULTILAB, Department of Clinic and Surgery, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Imsonpang S, Pudgerd A, Chotwiwatthanakun C, Srisala J, Sanguanrut P, Kasamechotchung C, Sritunyalucksana K, Taengchaiyaphum S, Vanichviriyakit R. Confirmatory test of active IHHNV infection in shrimp by immunohistochemistry and IHHNV-LongAmp PCR. J Fish Dis 2024; 47:e13905. [PMID: 38073005 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The presence of endogenous viral elements (EVE) in the penaeid shrimp genome has been recently reported and suggested to be involved in the host recognition of viral invaders. Our previous report of a search for EVE of infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV-EVE) in the Thai Penaeus monodon whole genome sequence project (GenBank accession no. JABERT000000000) confirmed the presence of three clusters of EVE derived from IHHNV in the shrimp genome. This study aimed to compare an immunohistochemistry method (IHC) and a PCR method to detect infectious IHHNV infection in shrimp. First, specimens collected from farms were checked for IHHNV using three PCR methods; two methods were recommended by WOAH (309 and 389 methods), and a newly established long-range PCR for IHHNV (IHHNV-LA PCR) targeting almost the whole genome (>90%) of IHHNV. Among 29 specimens tested, 24 specimens were positive for WOAH methods (at least one method). Among 24 WOAH-positive specimens (WOAH+), there were 18 specimens with positive IHHNV-LA PCR method (WOAH+/LA+), six specimens with negative IHHNV-LA PCR method (WOAH+/LA-). Six specimens were negative for all methods (WOAH-/LA-). The positive signals detected by IHC method were found only in the specimens with WOAH+/LA+. The results suggest that the WOAH+/LA- specimens were not infected with IHHNV, and the positive WOAH method might result from the EVE-IHHNV. The study recommends combining the IHHNV-LA PCR method and IHC with positive PCR results from WOAH's recommended methods to confirm IHHNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supapong Imsonpang
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Arnon Pudgerd
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Charoonroj Chotwiwatthanakun
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Srisala
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyachat Sanguanrut
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanadda Kasamechotchung
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suparat Taengchaiyaphum
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Casillas AC, Muhlbauer A, Barragan VA, Jefferson I, Speiser JJ. A Comparison of Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma Immunohistochemistry and Diagnostic Gene Expression-Profiling Assay in Challenging Melanocytic Proliferations. Am J Dermatopathol 2024; 46:137-146. [PMID: 38354382 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Most melanocytic tumors are classified as benign or malignant based on clinical morphology, histology, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. A subset of more challenging cases with ambiguous features may require further evaluation with established ancillary diagnostic molecular studies, including fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or single nucleotide polymorphism array, to increase diagnostic certainty. More recently, a diagnostic gene expression-profiling (GEP) assay and an IHC stain for the detection of PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) have been developed. The use of PRAME IHC has been validated in cases of unequivocal and ambiguous melanocytic proliferations via comparing results with fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or single nucleotide polymorphism array. A study comparing performance metrics of PRAME IHC and diagnostic GEP has not been previously published. Herein, we evaluated the use of PRAME IHC in 55 melanocytic tumors with challenging histomorphology by comparing the results with diagnostic GEP and final histomorphologic diagnosis. Intertest agreement occurred in 88% of cases. PRAME IHC supported the final diagnosis in 89% of cases with a sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 95%, and positive predictive value of 88.2%. GEP agreed with the final diagnosis in 88% of cases with a sensitivity of 65%, 97% specificity, and positively predicted melanoma in 91.7% of cases. Because the results of this study align with past publications evaluating the performance metrics of PRAME IHC, showing it to be as sensitive as and more cost effective than all other ancillary molecular tests, we propose the use of PRAME IHC as the optimal first-line diagnostic tool for ambiguous melanocytic proliferations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor A Barragan
- Student, Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL
| | | | - Jodi J Speiser
- Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
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Solé L, Lobo-Jarne T, Cabré-Romans JJ, González A, Fernández L, Marruecos L, Guix M, Cuatrecasas M, López S, Bellosillo B, Torres F, Iglesias M, Bigas A, Espinosa L. Loss of the epithelial marker CDX1 predicts poor prognosis in early-stage CRC patients. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119658. [PMID: 38216091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that non-curative chemotherapy imposes fetal conversion and high metastatic capacity to cancer cells. From the set of genes differentially expressed in Chemotherapy Resistant Cells, we obtained a characteristic fetal intestinal cell signature that is present in a group of untreated tumors and is sufficient to predict patient prognosis. A feature of this fetal signature is the loss of CDX1. METHODS We have analyzed transcriptomic data in public datasets and performed immunohistochemistry analysis of paraffin embedded tumor samples from two cohorts of colorectal cancer patients. RESULTS We demonstrated that low levels of CDX1 are sufficient to identify patients with poorest outcome at the early tumor stages II and III. Presence tumor areas that are negative for CDX1 staining in stage I cancers is associated with tumor relapse. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal the actual possibility of incorporating CDX1 immunostaining as a valuable biomarker for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Solé
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Lobo-Jarne
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia-Jié Cabré-Romans
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antón González
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laura Marruecos
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marta Guix
- Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Pathology Department, Centre of Biomedical Diagnosis (CDB), Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra López
- Pathology Department, Centre of Biomedical Diagnosis (CDB), Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ferran Torres
- Biostatistics Unit, Medical School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Espinosa
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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Calvo I, Montilla A, Huergo C, Martín-Saiz L, Martín-Allende J, Tepavcevic V, Domercq M, Fernández JA. Combining imaging mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry to analyse the lipidome of spinal cord inflammation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1923-1933. [PMID: 38326664 PMCID: PMC10902057 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex process that accompanies many pathologies. Actually, dysregulation of the inflammatory process is behind many autoimmune diseases. Thus, treatment of such pathologies may benefit from in-depth knowledge of the metabolic changes associated with inflammation. Here, we developed a strategy to characterize the lipid fingerprint of inflammation in a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Using lipid imaging mass spectrometry (LIMS), we scanned spinal cord sections from nine animals injected with lysophosphatidylcholine, a chemical model of demyelination. The lesions were demonstrated to be highly heterogeneous, and therefore, comparison with immunofluorescence experiments carried out in the same section scanned by LIMS was required to accurately identify the morphology of the lesion. Following this protocol, three main areas were defined: the lesion core, the peri-lesion, which is the front of the lesion and is rich in infiltrating cells, and the uninvolved tissue. Segmentation of the LIMS experiments allowed us to isolate the lipid fingerprint of each area in a precise way, as demonstrated by the analysis using classification models. A clear difference in lipid signature was observed between the lesion front and the epicentre, where the damage was maximized. This study is a first step to unravel the changes in the lipidome associated with inflammation in the context of diverse pathologies, such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibai Calvo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alejandro Montilla
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neurosciencie, Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Cristina Huergo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lucía Martín-Saiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Allende
- Department of Languages and Computer Systems, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Rafael Moreno "Pitxitxi", n. 2/3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Vanja Tepavcevic
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neurosciencie, Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - María Domercq
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neurosciencie, Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Department Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - José A Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bº Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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Zhang Y, Li W, Liang Y, Liu Y, Dai W. Diagnostic Value of CD34 and CD117 Immunohistochemistry and Megakaryocyte Morphology in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Retrospective Case-control Study. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024; 32:125-129. [PMID: 38053414 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the diagnostic value of CD34 and CD117 immunohistochemistry(IHC) and megakaryocyte morphology in Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In this study, CD34-positive individual cells (Type I) and small clusters (Type II) were observed in most cases (91.2%). Type II CD34-positive was seen in 24 (49%) MDS cases, and positive percentage was higher than in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or aplastic anemia (AA). Type II CD117-positive were observed in 44 (89.8%) MDS cases and Type I were observed in 5 (10.2%) MDS. Type II CD117-positive percentage was higher than in AML or AA. Megakaryocyte counts were normal or increased in most MDS cases except one. Although megakaryocyte counts of AML and AA were predominantly decreased, Most MDS patients (81.6%) had abnormal megakaryocyte, whereas almost none of megakaryocyte abnormality was found in AML and AA. In conclusion, combined detection of CD34 and CD117 and observation of megakaryocyte count and morphology are useful for the diagnosis of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Liuzhou People's Hospital
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Pathology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Youli Liu
- Department of Pathology, Liuzhou People's Hospital
| | - Wenbin Dai
- Department of Pathology, Liuzhou People's Hospital
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Seo Y, Prome SA, Kim L, Han JY, Kim JM, Choi SJ. Immunocytochemistry on frozen-embedded cell block for the diagnosis of hematolymphoid cytology specimen: a straightforward alternative to the conventional cell block. J Hematop 2024; 17:1-15. [PMID: 38175379 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-023-00569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Agarose-based cell block (CB) technique can be modified to be combined with the frozen section technique for the preparation of a high-quality frozen-embedded CB (F-CB) from an effusion or fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology sample. This combined technique can be effectively used for the immunocharacterization of the hematolymphoid cells on F-CB. To demonstrate the applicability of performing diagnostic ICC on F-CB, we have analyzed the immunophenotype of the hematolymphoid cells in a series of eight cases of effusions and eight cases of FNA cytology specimens by using CB-ICC on sections cut from frozen-embedded CBs. The SurePathTM residue or cytologic material scraped off from the FNA cytology smear that was diagnostic for or suspicious of hematolymphoid malignancy was pelleted and pre-embedded in agarose. Half of the agarose-embedded pellet was frozen-embedded in OCT compound for the preparation of F-CB, while the other half was processed for the preparation of paraffin-embedded CB. Sections cut from the F-CB and P-CB were used for CB-ICC. Panels of ICC on the F-CBs could enable the immunocytochemical differential diagnosis of large cell hematologic malignancies that encompass anaplastic large cell lymphoma and other forms of large-cell hematolymphoid malignancies such as large B-cell lymphomas, anaplastic plasma cell myeloma, myeloid sarcoma, and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. It also appeared that the small B-cell lymphomas in the effusions or FNAs could be differentially diagnosed with the aid of CB-ICC on the F-CB. A modified agarose-based CB technique can be combined with the frozen-embedded CB method for the preparation of F-CB that can be directly used for the immunocytochemical differential diagnosis of hematolymphoid cytology samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjeong Seo
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Inha University Graduate School, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Lucia Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Inha University Graduate School, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jee Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Inha University Graduate School, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Joon Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Inha University Graduate School, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Suk Jin Choi
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, 27, Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Inha University Graduate School, Incheon, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
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Xue L, Chen R, Zhou J, Lin W, Cai R, Liu Y, Zeng F, Zhang J, Chen H. Association between high-mobility group box 1 levels and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:551-561. [PMID: 38200286 PMCID: PMC10957809 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies had demonstrated that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels were elevated in preeclampsia (PE). However, the conclusion remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between blood and placenta HMGB1 levels and PE in pregnant women. METHODS After a systematic literature search, eligible literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. The extracted data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 and STATA 12.0 software. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were conducted to find potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Twelve studies were included, with a total of 1145 participants. Compared with normal pregnancies, pregnant women with PE had significantly higher blood HMGB1 levels (SMD = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.72-1.95, p < 0.0001). Similarly, the expression of placental HMGB1 in PE was higher than that in normal controls by using Western blot (MD = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.27-0.47, p < 0.00001) or immunohistochemistry (OR = 6.36, 95% CI: 1.48-27.25, p = 0.01). In addition, the blood HMGB1 levels were positively correlated with the severity of PE, with higher blood HMGB1 levels in severe PE than those in mild PE (SMD = 3.35, 95% CI: 0.63-6.06, p = 0.02). The subgroup analysis indicated a close association of blood HMGB1 with PE in the Asian group, but not in the European group. CONCLUSION Both blood and placental HMGB1 levels in patients with PE were significantly elevated, and higher blood HMGB1 levels indicated a more serious disease condition, suggesting that higher levels of HMGB1 were associated with the risk of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Ruolin Chen
- College of Letter and Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jintuo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Ruihong Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Fanxiang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Huajiao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
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Bashkami AA, Kaddumi EG, Al-Saghbini M, Kenana AJ. Brainstem nuclei responsive to cystometry in both endometriosis and cystitis rat models: C-fos immunohistochemistry study. Neurourol Urodyn 2024; 43:779-791. [PMID: 38348646 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the co-occurrence of interstitial cystitis (IC) and endometriosis (ENDO) is remarkably high, the exact pathophysiology for this co-occurrence is unknown. The convergence of the inputs from the involved structures to the same neuronal centers may suggest neuronal hyperexcitability as a mechanism for this co-occurrence. METHODS The present study aimed to investigate the association between IC and ENDO, by studying the changes in brainstem responses to cystometry in a rat model of ENDO and cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced IC using c-fos immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Following cystometry the brainstem areas that had significant increase in c-fos expression in ENDO alone included: periaqueductal gray (PAG) nuclei, dorsal raphe nucleus, raphe obscurus nucleus, kolliker- Fuse areas, and area postrema. However, the brainstem areas that had increased significantly in the c-fos expression in the ENDO and CYP treated animals included: gigantocellular nucleus, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, caudoventrolateral nucleus, rostroventrolateral/caudoventrolateral nucleus, lateral reticular nucleus, locus coeruleus, lateral PAG, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, rostroventrolateral nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, and solitary tract nucleus. Whereas only lateral parabrachial nucleus showed significant increase in c-fos expression in CYP treated animals alone. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate the overlap of brainstem nuclei that are excited by urinary bladder under ENDO and IC conditions. The pattern of hyperexcitability of the brainstem nuclei may help in understating the pathophysiology of IC and ENDO conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayah A Bashkami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Ezidin G Kaddumi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Mohamad Al-Saghbini
- Department of Doctor of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Afnan J Kenana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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