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Metelcová T, Hainer V, Hill M, Kalousková P, Vrbíková J, Šrámková P, Fried M, Taxová Braunerová R, Kunešová M. Postprandial Triglyceride, Glucose and Insulin Levels 10 Years After Bariatric Surgery in Women With Severe Obesity - A Pilot Study: Part 1 - Laparoscopic Greater Curvature Plication. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S399-S403. [PMID: 38116773 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The long-term effects of bariatric surgery on postprandial profiles in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have not yet been investigated. Therefore, this study examined postprandial profiles before laparoscopic greater curvature plication (LGCP), and then at 2 and 10 years after surgery.The studied cohort included 10 women (mean age= 54.4±5 years) with obesity (mean BMI= 42.5±7.8 kg/m?) and T2D who underwent LGCP. All subjects underwent a standardized liquid mixed-meal test. For statistical evaluation, ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison was used. Mean postprandial levels were significantly decreased 2 years after surgery. Responses 10 years after the surgery also remained significantly lower than before surgery. Changes observed during the follow-up were significant: glucose: F=34.5, p<0.001; insulin: F=49.3, p<0.001; triglycerides F=9.2, p<0.001. The long-term favorable effects of bariatric surgery on cardiometabolic health may be partly mediated by reductions in postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Metelcová
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic. E-mail:
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Kalejahi P, Kheirouri S, Noorazar SG. A randomized controlled trial of Vitamin D supplementation in Iranian patients with schizophrenia: Effects on serum levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and symptom severity. Int J Psychiatry Med 2023; 58:559-575. [PMID: 37545122 DOI: 10.1177/00912174231193303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has shown that hypovitaminosis D is a risk factor for developing schizophrenia and comorbid conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of vitamin D, metabolic factors related to insulin resistance (IR) and the severity of the disorder in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Forty-eight chronic male patients with schizophrenia with vitamin D deficiency (≤20 ng/mL= (≤50 nmol/l) were selected and randomly assigned to vitamin D treatment and placebo groups. Subjects were supplemented for 8 weeks with vitamin D (2000 IU/day) or placebo. RESULTS Within-group comparison revealed that the vitamin D group had a significant reduction in waist circumference, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - total score (PANSS-TS), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) levels (P = .022, P = <.001 and P = .013, respectively). On the other hand, the placebo group showed a significant increase in the level of fasting serum insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = .003 and P = .003). The between-group comparison showed a significant difference in terms of PANSS-TS, GSK-3β, fasting serum insulin (FSI), and HOMA-IR (P = .022, P = .048, P = .013 and P = .014 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Among vitamin D deficient patients with schizophrenia, vitamin D supplementation may affect GSK-3 β, an important biomarker in schizophrenia and insulin resistance. In addition, vitamin D supplementation in such patients may reduce the disorder's symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Kalejahi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Lindåse S, Nostell K, Forslund A, Bergsten P, Bröjer J. Short-term effects of canagliflozin on glucose and insulin responses in insulin dysregulated horses: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, study. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2520-2528. [PMID: 37864426 PMCID: PMC10658518 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreasing hyperinsulinemia is crucial in preventing laminitis in insulin dysregulated (ID) horses. Complementary pharmacological treatments that efficiently decrease postprandial hyperinsulinemia in ID horses are needed. OBJECTIVES Compare short-term effects of canagliflozin vs placebo on glucose and insulin responses to an oral sugar test (OST) as well as the effects on body weight and triglyceride concentrations in horses with ID. ANIMALS Sixteen privately-owned ID horses. METHODS A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study. The horses were randomized (ratio 1:1) to either once daily PO treatment with 0.6 mg/kg canagliflozin or placebo. The study consisted of an initial 3-day period for obtaining baseline data, a 3-week double-blind treatment period at home, and a 3-day follow-up period similar to the initial baseline period but with continued double-blind treatment. Horses were subjected to an 8-sample OST in the morning of the third day on both visits. RESULTS Maximal geometric least square (LS) mean insulin concentration (95% confidence interval [CI]) during the OST decreased after 3 weeks of canagliflozin treatment compared with placebo (83.2; 55.4-125.0 vs 215.2; 143.2-323.2 μIU/mL). The geometric LS mean insulin response (insulin AUC0-180 ) for canagliflozin-treated horses was >66% lower compared with placebo. Least square mean body weight decreased by 11.1 (4-18.1) kg and LS mean triglyceride concentrations increased by 0.99 (0.47-1.5) mmol/L with canagliflozin treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Canagliflozin is a promising drug for treatment of ID horses that requires future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Lindåse
- Department of Clinical SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Katarina Nostell
- Department of Clinical SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Johan Bröjer
- Department of Clinical SciencesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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Albrethsen J, Østergren PB, Norup PB, Sønksen J, Fode M, Kistorp C, Nordsborg NB, Solheim SA, Mørkeberg J, Main KM, Juul A. Serum Insulin-like Factor 3, Testosterone, and LH in Experimental and Therapeutic Testicular Suppression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2834-2839. [PMID: 37235781 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a Leydig cell biomarker, but little is known about the circulating concentration of INSL3 during hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular suppression. AIM To study the concomitant changes in serum concentrations of INSL3, testosterone, and LH during experimental and therapeutic testicular suppression. METHODS We included serum samples from 3 different cohorts comprising subjects before and after testicular suppression: (1) 6 healthy young men who were treated with androgens (Sustanon, Aspen Pharma, Dublin, Ireland); 2) 10 transgender girls (male sex assigned at birth) who were treated with 3-monthly GnRH agonist injections (Leuprorelinacetat, Abacus Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark); and (3) 55 patients with prostate cancer who were randomized to surgical castration (bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy) or treatment with GnRH agonist (Triptorelin, Ipsen Pharma, Kista, Sweden). Serum INSL3 and testosterone concentrations were quantified in stored serum samples using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methodologies, and LH was measured by an ultrasensitive immunoassay. RESULTS The circulating concentrations of INSL3, testosterone, and LH decreased during experimental testicular suppression in healthy young men by Sustanon injections and subsequently returned to baseline levels after release of suppression. All 3 hormones decreased during therapeutic hormonal hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular suppression in transgender girls and in patients with prostate cancer. CONCLUSION INSL3 resembles testosterone as a sensitive marker of testicular suppression and reflects Leydig cell function, also during exposure to exogenous testosterone. Serum INSL3 measurements may complement testosterone as a Leydig cell marker in male reproductive disorders, during therapeutic testicular suppression as well as in surveillance of illicit use of androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Albrethsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Busch Østergren
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Badsberg Norup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Sønksen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Fode
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Kistorp
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sara Amalie Solheim
- Science and Research, Anti Doping Denmark, 2660 Brøndby, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital - 2730 Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Mørkeberg
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital - 2730 Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Keenan K, Hipwell AE, Polonsky TS. Menstrual Cycle Irregularity in Adolescence Is Associated With Cardiometabolic Health in Early Adulthood. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029372. [PMID: 37681544 PMCID: PMC10547276 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Menstrual cycle irregularities are associated with cardiovascular and cardiometabolic disease. We tested associations between age at menarche and cycle irregularity in adolescence and cardiometabolic health in early adulthood in a subsample from the Pittsburgh Girls Study. Methods and Results Data from annual interviews were used to assess age at menarche and cycle irregularity (ie, greater or less than every 27-29 days) at age 15 years. At ages 22 to 25 years, cardiometabolic health was measured in a subsample of the Pittsburgh Girls Study (n=352; 68.2% Black), including blood pressure, waist circumference, and fasting serum insulin, glucose, and lipids. T tests were used for continuous data and odds ratios for dichotomous data to compare differences in cardiometabolic health as a function of onset and regularity of menses. Early menarche (ie, before age 11 years; n=52) was associated with waist circumference (P=0.043). Participants reporting irregular cycles (n=50) in adolescence had significantly higher levels of insulin, glucose, and triglycerides, and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P values range from 0.035 to 0.005) and were more likely to have clinical indicators of cardiometabolic predisease in early adulthood compared with women who reported regular cycles (odds ratios ranged from 1.89 to 2.56). Conclusions Increasing rates and earlier onset of cardiovascular and metabolic disease among women, especially among Black women, highlights the need for identifying early and reliable risk indices. Menstrual cycle irregularity may serve this purpose and help elucidate the role of women's reproductive health in protecting and conferring risk for later cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Keenan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeuroscienceUniversity of ChicagoILUSA
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Sater MS, AlDehaini DMB, Malalla ZHA, Ali ME, Giha HA. Plasma IL-6, TREM1, uPAR, and IL6/IL8 biomarkers increment further witnessing the chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2023; 44:259-269. [PMID: 36848486 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to be associated with chronic inflammation, but the inflammatory regulators/markers are not exactly defined and the link between them remains undetermined. The objective of this study is to identify these markers by testing traditional (IL6 & IL8) and non-traditional (TREM1 & uPAR) inflammatory markers. METHODS Data and blood samples were obtained from 114 T2D and 74 non-diabetic Kuwaiti subjects attending health facilities in Kuwait. Chemical analyzers were used to measure glycemic and lipid profiles, while ELISA was used to measure plasma levels of insulin and several inflammatory markers. RESULTS Showed that the IL-6 and TREM1 were significantly higher in T2D compared to non-diabetic controls, and the uPAR level was borderline higher in T2D but significantly correlated with IL-6 levels. Unexpectedly, IL8 was significantly below normal in T2D and IL6/IL8 ratio was significantly higher in T2D patients. Unlike other tested markers, uPAR was in addition strongly correlated with insulin levels and HOMA-IR index. CONCLUSIONS Raised levels of IL6, TREMI, IL6/IL8 ratio, and the strong positive correlation of plasma levels of uPAR with IL-6, insulin, and HOMA-IR index, are reliable spectators of chronic inflammation in T2D patients. The reduced level of IL-8 in T2D was a peculiar observation that needs further explanation. Finally, the consequences and impact of the sustained rise of these inflammatory regulators in diabetic tissues need to be meticulously explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai S Sater
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Zainab Hasan Abdulla Malalla
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Muhalab E Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Violin A, Enard E, Blin J, Paillusson D, Collin A, Guénet D, Raverot V, Bach-Ngohou K, Masson D. Insulin: Know what your immunoassay detects. Evaluation of two new immunoassays. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117516. [PMID: 37598742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin is essential for glycemic regulation but diseases can cause a default or an excess of insulin secretion leading to dysregulated glycemia. Hence, measurement of insulinemia is useful to investigate hypoglycemia, determine the pathogenesis of diabetes and evaluate β-cell function. Thus, diabetic patients need supplementation with recombinant human insulin and/or insulin analogues. Analogues have primary sequences different from native human insulin and may not be detected by some immunoassays. The objective of our study was to evaluate new insulin immunoassays by determining their ability to detect different types of human insulin or analogues. METHODS This study compared the reactivity of two new insulin immunoassays with five well-established immunoassays on ten commercial insulins. We also measured insulin in blood samples from diabetic or pancreas transplant patients with known treatment. RESULTS Contrary to recombinant human insulin, there were differences in the specificity to insulin analogues. We distinguished three immunoassay categories: those recognizing all types of insulin such as the non-specific BI-INS-IRMA®, Architect® and Access® immunoassays; those recognizing human insulin only (Cobas®); and those recognizing human insulin and analogues in variable proportions (Liaison XL®, iFlash® and Maglumi®). CONCLUSION An accurate biological interpretation of insulinemia relies on knowledge of the specificity of the immunoassay used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizee Violin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Emmanuel Enard
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Justine Blin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM U1235, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Dimitri Paillusson
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Collin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - David Guénet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU of Caen Normandie, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Véronique Raverot
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites (LBMMS), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kalyane Bach-Ngohou
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM U1235, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Damien Masson
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, F-44000 Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM U1235, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, F-44000 Nantes, France
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Olayaki LA, Okesina KB, Jesubowale JD, Ajibare AJ, Odetayo AF. Orange Peel Extract and Physical Exercise Synergistically Ameliorate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Dysmetabolism by Upregulating GLUT4 Concentration in Male Wistar Rats. J Med Food 2023; 26:470-479. [PMID: 37379466 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and one of the oldest known disorders. It is characterized by dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), and pancreatic cell dysfunction. Although different drugs, metformin (MET), glipizide, glimepiride, etc., have been introduced to treat type 2 DM (T2DM), these drugs are not without side effects. Scientists are now seeking natural treatments such as lifestyle modification and organic products known with limited side effects. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomized into six groups (n = 6 per group): control, DM untreated rats, DM+orange peel extract (OPE), DM+exercise (EX), DM+OPE +EX, and DM+MET. The administration was once daily through the oral route and lasted for 28 days. EX and OPE synergistically ameliorated the diabetic-induced increase in fasting blood sugar, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), TC/high-density lipoprotein (HDL), TG/HDL, triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, and hepatic lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, malondialdehyde, c-reactive protein, and tumour necrosis factor α when compared with the diabetic untreated group. Also, EX+OPE blunted DM-induced decrease in serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA S), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICK 1), HDL, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and hepatic glycogen. Furthermore, EX+OPE ameliorated the observed DM-induced decrease in glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT 4), expression. This study showed that OPE and EX synergistically ameliorate T2DM-induced dysglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, and down-regulation of GLUT4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazeem Bidemi Okesina
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Adeyemi Fatai Odetayo
- Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila Orangun, Nigeria
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Makolle S, Catteau-Jonard S, Robin G, Dewailly D. Serum LH levels are associated to serum insulin and Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in women with both functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea and polycystic ovarian morphology. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2023; 99:73-78. [PMID: 36912207 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether serum Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels in women with Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea (FHA) and Polycystic Ovarian Morphology (PCOM) are still associated to Body Mass Index (BMI) and/or serum insulin and/or Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels using a larger population of FHA. DESIGN Retrospective observational study (2006-2020). PARTICIPANTS Data from 62 FHA patients were used for this study using strict criteria to define them. MEASUREMENTS Serum LH, FSH, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), androstenedione, total testosterone, prolactin, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) and AMH levels were measured by immunoassay. To homogenize the AMH values, we converted those obtained after 2015. We defined PCOM with strict criteria: a follicle number per ovary (FNPO) ≥12 or ≥20 per ovary, depending on the date on which the assessment was carried out and the ultrasound device. RESULTS Forty-two percentage of our FHA population had PCOM. The PCOM+ group had significantly higher ranks of BMI (p = .024) and serum AMH levels (p = .0001) and significantly lower ranks of serum FSH levels (p = .002). LH was positively correlated with fasting insulin (p = .011) and with AMH (p = .035) in the PCOM+ group only but not with BMI. There was a positive correlation between LH and FSH in both groups. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that GnRH insufficiency in women with PCOM unravels some mechanisms of LH regulation that are poorly documented in the literature and may involve a direct pituitary effect, as suggested by our results with serum insulin and AMH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Makolle
- CHU Lille, Service de Gynécologie Médicale Orthogénie et Sexologie, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Catteau-Jonard
- CHU Lille, Service de Gynécologie Médicale Orthogénie et Sexologie, Lille, France
- Inserm, Lille, France
- U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Université Lille, Lille, France
| | - Geoffroy Robin
- CHU Lille, Service de Gynécologie Médicale Orthogénie et Sexologie, Lille, France
- Inserm, Lille, France
- U1172-LilNCog (JPARC)-Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Université Lille, Lille, France
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Okuyama C, Kusano K, Ito M, Takase A, Goda S, Kagawa S. Characteristic Muscular FDG Uptake Patterns Related to the Transportation Means Used by Patients to Visit the Hospital. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:549-552. [PMID: 36928161 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT It is well-known that physiological FDG uptake in the skeletal muscles is affected by serum insulin levels and the extent to which the muscles contract before the examination. Patients are instructed to refrain from strenuous exercise, talking too much, and taking meals at least 4 hours before the administration of the tracer. Even if the patient does not intend to exercise, muscular accumulation related to specific behaviors can still be visualized in the images. In this manuscript, we present FDG PET/CT images from 4 cases reflecting the mode of transportation used by the patients to visit the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chio Okuyama
- From the Division of PET Imaging, Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Moriyama, Japan
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Swain CTV, Drummond AE, Milne RL, English DR, Brown KA, Chong JE, Skinner TL, van Roekel EH, Moore MM, Gaunt TR, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Lynch BM. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:2106-2115. [PMID: 36464996 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer via its effect on the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system. A systematic review searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT), Mendelian randomization and prospective cohort studies that examined the effects of physical activity on insulin/IGF signaling [IGFs, their binding proteins (IGFBP), and markers of insulin resistance] in adult women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system used to determine the overall quality of the evidence. Fifty-eight RCTs met our inclusion criteria, no observational or Mendelian randomization studies met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analyses indicated that physical activity interventions (vs. control) reduced fasting insulin, the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance and fasting glucose. Physical activity increased IGF-1, but there was no clear effect on IGFBP-3 or the ratio of IGF-1:IGFBP-3. Strong evidence was only established for fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Further research is needed to examine the effect of physical activity on C-peptide and HBA1c in women. Reductions in fasting insulin and insulin resistance following exercise suggest some biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-insulin/IGF signaling-breast cancer pathway. See related article by Drummond et al., p. 2116.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann E Drummond
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jamie E Chong
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Eline H van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa M Moore
- Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Martin
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- IHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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ALTamimi JZ, Alshammari GM, AlFaris NA, Alagal RI, Aljabryn DH, Albekairi NA, Alkhateeb MA, Yahya MA. Ellagic acid protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by activating AMPK. Pharm Biol 2022; 60:25-37. [PMID: 34870551 PMCID: PMC8654409 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1990969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ellagic acid (EA) is used in traditional medicine to treated hyperlipidaemia. OBJECTIVE This study examined if AMPK mediates the anti-steatotic effect of ellagic acid (EA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats (130 ± 10 g) were divided into 6 groups (n = 8 rats/group) as control, control + EA, control + EA + CC an AMPK inhibitor), T1DM, T1DM + EA, and T1DM + EA + CC. The treatments with EA (50 mg/kg/orally) and CC (200 ng/rat/i.p.) were given the desired groups for 12 weeks, daily. RESULTS In T1DM-rats, EA reduced fasting glucose levels (44.8%), increased fasting insulin levels (92.8%), prevented hepatic lipid accumulation, and decreased hepatic and serum levels of total triglycerides (54% & 61%), cholesterol (57% & 48%), and free fatty acids (40% & 37%). It also reduced hepatic levels of ROS (62%), MDA (52%), TNF-α (62%), and IL-6 (57.2%) and the nuclear activity of NF-κB p65 (54%) but increased the nuclear activity of Nrf-2 (4-fold) and levels of GSH (107%) and SOD (87%). Besides, EA reduced downregulated SREBP1 (35%), SREBP2 (34%), ACC-1 (36%), FAS (38%), and HMG-CoAR (49%) but stimulated mRNA levels of PPARα (1.7-fold) and CPT1a (1.8-fold), CPT1b (2.9-fold), and p-AMPK (4-fold). All these events were prevented by the co-administration of CC. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings encourage the use of EA to treat hepatic disorders, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to validate its potential in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. ALTamimi
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal H. Aljabryn
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Ahmad Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Arikawa AY, Snyder J, Ross JM, Harris M, Perez D, Bednarzyk M. Dietary Supplement Intake is Associated with Healthier Lifestyle Behaviors in College Students Attending a Regional University in the Southeast: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Diet Suppl 2022; 20:870-884. [PMID: 36255153 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2134532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between intake of dietary supplements and biomarkers such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor has not been well explored. The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between supplement intake and biological and lifestyle factors. We hypothesized that dietary supplement intake was associated with healthier lifestyle behaviors. College students attending a Southeast university were recruited between January 2018 and April 2019. Blood samples were collected to measure insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Statistical tests employed were linear regression and analysis of variance. Ninety-eight participants completed the study and 91% reported taking at least one supplement, while 5.1% reported taking 9+ supplements once per week. There were no differences in levels of insulin, IGF-1 and ALT by levels of dietary supplement intake. Although there were no differences in HEI-2015 score among the groups, those who consumed five or more supplements met a higher percentage of the recommended intake for fruits, performed aerobic exercise for longer duration, and had lower body fat percentage compared to participants who consumed two or less supplements at least once per week. These findings are consistent with previous studies and suggest that dietary supplement intake is highly prevalent in college students, and it may be related to healthy lifestyle behaviors. Future studies should employ mixed methodology to examine reasons by which college students consume dietary supplements and to assess perceived and direct health benefits associated with consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Y Arikawa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jill Snyder
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jenifer M Ross
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michel Harris
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Doreen Perez
- Student Health Services, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michele Bednarzyk
- School of Nursing, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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14
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Shin HS, Cho YJ. Insulin levels are associated with risk of colon adenoma and not nonadenomatous polyps: A retrospective, hospital-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30200. [PMID: 36042665 PMCID: PMC9410615 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of colorectal cancer has been increasing in Korea. Several studies have reported that adenomatous polyps, known as precancerous lesions, are associated with increased blood insulin levels. The principal objective of the present study was to examine the correlation between insulin levels and colon polyps in subjects without a history of diabetes or colorectal cancer. From January 2, 2018 to December 31, 2019, 3277 adults who visited the University Hospital Health Examination Center and underwent colonoscopy were included in this study. Insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting blood glucose levels were measured, and past medical history, alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Among the 3277 subjects, the prevalence of adenomatous and nonadenomatous lesions were 22.2% and 11.5%, respectively. The mean values of insulin, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose were significantly increased in the adenomatous and nonadenomatous polyp groups compared to the normal group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of adenoma (odds ratio [OR] 1.483; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.170-1.878) and nonadenomatous polyps (OR 1.415; 95% CI, 1.038-1.929) were increased in the high insulin level group (≥7.36 uIU/mL), and only the risk of adenoma (OR 1.312; 95% CI, 1.003-1.718) was significantly higher after adjustment for disturbance variables. This study suggests that an increase in insulin levels is a significant risk factor for colon adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwang Sik Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong Jin Cho, Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 31 Soonchunhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 330-721, Korea (e-mail: )
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15
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Bhangoo A, Gupta R, Shelov SP, Carey DE, Accacha S, Fennoy I, Altshuler L, Lowell B, Rapaport R, Rosenfeld W, Speiser PW, Ten S, Rosenbaum M. Fasting Serum IGFBP-1 as a Marker of Insulin Resistance in Diverse School Age Groups. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:840361. [PMID: 35586622 PMCID: PMC9108162 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.840361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The known markers of insulin resistance in obese children are well studied. However, they require serial measurements and complicated calculations. The objective is to study IGFBP-1 and its relation with other known risk measures. Materials and Methods The study included 98 New York City school students of diverse ethnic/racial backgrounds (57 males and 41 females), 11-15 years of age. Subjects were enrolled in a cross-sectional study, and anthropometric measures were collected. They underwent fasting intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT), and glucose, insulin, lipids, IGFBP-1, adiponectin and inflammatory markers were collected. Results The subjects were stratified into 3 groups based upon the BMI Z-score. Out of all the subjects, 65.3% were in the group with a BMI Z-score <1 SDS, 16.3% subjects were in the group with a BMI Z-score of 1 to 2 SDS, and 18.4% of the subjects were in the group with a BMI Z-score of more than 2 SDS. The group with a BMI Z-score of more than 2 SDS had increased waist circumference (WC), body fat, increased fasting insulin, and triglycerides (TG). This group had decreased levels of adiponectin and HDL and low IGFBP-1 as compared to the group with BMI <1 SDS. The group with a BMI Z-score of 1 to 2 SDS had a decreased level of IGFBP-1 as compared to the group with a BMI Z-score less than 1 SDS. IGFBP-1 inversely correlated with age, WC, BMI, body fat, TG, and insulin levels. IGFBP-1 positively correlated with adiponectin and HDL levels. Conclusion IGFBP-1 in children can identify the presence of insulin resistance in the group with BMI 1 to 2 SDS, even before the known markers of insulin resistance such as elevated triglycerides and even before decreased HDL and adiponectin levels are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Bhangoo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Rishi Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Steve P. Shelov
- Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Dennis E. Carey
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY, United States
| | - Siham Accacha
- Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Ilene Fennoy
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, New York Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lisa Altshuler
- Program for Medical Education Innovations & Research (PrMeir), New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Barbara Lowell
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity and Other Metabolic Disorders, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Robert Rapaport
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes at Mount Sinai Kravis Children’s Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Warren Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Phyllis W. Speiser
- Cohen Children’s Medical Center of NY and Zucker School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Svetlana Ten
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, New York Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Xu N, Liu H, Wang Y, Xue Y. Relationship between insulin resistance and thyroid cancer in Chinese euthyroid subjects without conditions affecting insulin resistance. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:58. [PMID: 35255873 PMCID: PMC8903656 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS In recent years, many studies have shown that insulin resistance is related to the occurrence of thyroid cancer, but there are few reports on whether the two are related under the premise that thyroid function is normal and the metabolic components related to insulin resistance are excluded. This study aims to analyze the insulin resistance of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after excluding the population with abnormal metabolic components, and to study the risk factors of thyroid cancer in this population. METHODS 61 subjects diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) formed the DTC group and 262 subjects with benign nodules formed the control group. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist circumference (WC), lipid profiles, and free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroid globulin antibody (TGAb), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were measured. RESULTS Mean subjects age (P = 0.021), BMI (P = 0.049), WC (P = 0.01), serum insulin concentration (P = 0.006), and HOMA-IR level (P = 0.005) were significantly greater in the DTC group than in the control group. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified advanced age (OR = 1.027 [1.003-1.051], P = 0.029) and an increased HOMA-IR level (OR = 1.572 [1.277-1.935], P < 0.001) as significant risk factors for thyroid cancer. CONCLUSIONS IR may increase the risk of thyroid cancer development even in the absence of conditions affecting insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, P.R. China
| | - Yimiao Xue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, P.R. China
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17
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Henze M, Burbidge H, Nathan E, Graham DF. The effect of bedtime snacks on fasting blood glucose levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14718. [PMID: 34652862 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of different bedtime snacks (higher carbohydrate versus lower carbohydrate versus no snack) on first morning fasting blood glucose levels (BGLs) in women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and borderline fasting glucose levels. METHODS This prospective randomised crossover trial enrolled women with diet controlled GDM between 24 and 34 weeks gestation who had two or more first morning fasting BGLs between 4.7 and 5.4 mmol/L in the week prior to recruitment. The women were randomly allocated to 6 different orders of 5 days each of a standardised higher carbohydrate bedtime snack, a lower carbohydrate bedtime snack and no bedtime snack. The primary outcome was fasting capillary BGL as measured with a home glucometer, and the secondary outcome was requirement for insulin as assessed by a physician. RESULTS A total of 68 women with GDM were enrolled in and completed the study at a median gestation of 30.8 weeks. Compared with no bedtime snack, the higher carbohydrate snack (4.96 vs 4.87 mmol/L, mean difference: 0.09 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.05-0.13, p < 0.001) and the lower carbohydrate snack (5.01 vs 4.87 mmol/L, mean difference: 0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.09-0.18, p < 0.001) were both associated with a slightly higher fasting BGL the following morning. CONCLUSIONS Taking a bedtime snack was associated with slightly higher fasting BGLs in women with diet-controlled GDM compared with no bedtime snack (Clinical trial registration: ACTRN12617000659303).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Henze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hanna Burbidge
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Nathan
- University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dorothy F Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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18
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Soldat-Stanković V, Popović-Pejičić S, Stanković S, Prtina A, Malešević G, Bjekić-Macut J, Livadas S, Ognjanović S, Mastorakos G, Micić D, Macut D. The effect of metformin and myoinositol on metabolic outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: role of body mass and adiponectin in a randomized controlled trial. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:583-595. [PMID: 34665453 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of insulin sensitizers metformin (MET) and myo-inositol (MI) on adiponectin levels and metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with respect to their body mass index (BMI). METHODS In this open label, parallel randomized clinical trial, 66 women with PCOS (33 normal-weight and 33 overweight/obese) were randomized to either MI (4 g/day) or MET (1500 mg/day) for a period of 6 months. Serum concentration of adiponectin, hormonal and metabolic laboratory outcomes and clinical assessment of BMI, body composition and Ferriman-Gallwey score (FG score) were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS After the 6-month intervention, comparison between MET and MI in time to treatment analysis showed no significant differences between the two treatments for all analyzed parameters. Only borderline significantly lower AUC glucose was found in the MET group in comparison to the MI group (p = 0.071). The main effect of treatment was shown for glucose concentration at 120 min OGTT (p = 0.032) and testosterone (p = 0.002). The main effect of time was shown for body mass (p = 0.004), waist circumference (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.003), body fat mass (p = 0.001), adiponectin (p = 0.020), fasting glucose (p = 0.001), testosterone (p = 0.015), SHBG (p = 0.013), 17OH progesterone (p = 0.008), LH (p = 0.004) and estradiol (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Our study showed similar effects of MET and MI on BMI, body composition, hormonal profile, metabolism of glucose and insulin, and adiponectin level. The two insulin sensitizers, MET and MI, were useful in reducing BMI and improving body composition without significant differences between the two treatments in PCOS women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN13199265. Trial registration date: 14.04.2021. (ISRCTN Registry), retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Soldat-Stanković
- University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, Internal Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - S Popović-Pejičić
- University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, Internal Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - S Stanković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Prtina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - G Malešević
- University Clinical Center of the Republic of Srpska, Internal Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - J Bjekić-Macut
- Department of Endocrinology, CHC Bežanijska Kosa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Livadas
- Endocrine Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - S Ognjanović
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotica 13, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - G Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrine Diseases, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D Micić
- Department of Medical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotica 13, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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19
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Espinosa De Ycaza AE, Søndergaard E, Morgan-Bathke M, Lytle K, Delivanis DA, Ramos P, Carranza Leon BG, Jensen MD. Adipose Tissue Inflammation Is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans. Diabetes 2022; 71:381-393. [PMID: 34857544 PMCID: PMC8893944 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in AT function in humans is unclear. We tested whether AT macrophage (ATM) content, cytokine gene expression, and senescent cell burden (markers of AT inflammation) predict AT insulin resistance measured as the insulin concentration that suppresses lipolysis by 50% (IC50). We studied 86 volunteers with normal weight or obesity at baseline and a subgroup of 25 volunteers with obesity before and after weight loss. There was a strong positive relationship between IC50 and abdominal subcutaneous and femoral fat cell size (FCS). The positive, univariate relationships between IC50 and abdominal AT inflammatory markers CD68, CD14, CD206 ATM/100 adipocytes, senescent cells, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA were not significant after adjustment for FCS. A 10% weight loss significantly reduced IC50; however, there was no reduction in adipose ATM content, senescent cells, or cytokine gene expression. Our study suggests that commonly used markers of AT inflammation are not causally linked to AT insulin resistance, whereas FCS is a strong predictor of AT insulin resistance with respect to lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Espinosa De Ycaza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Panamanian Institute of Biological Research, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Morgan-Bathke
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Viterbo University, La Crosse, WI
| | - Kelli Lytle
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Paola Ramos
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Barbara Gisella Carranza Leon
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael D. Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Corresponding author: Michael D. Jensen,
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20
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Nourbakhsh M, Sharifi R, Heydari N, Nourbakhsh M, Ezzati-Mobasser S, Zarrinnahad H. Circulating TRB3 and GRP78 levels in type 2 diabetes patients: crosstalk between glucose homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:649-655. [PMID: 34591271 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance. Tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) is a pseudokinase upregulated by ER stress and hyperglycemia. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is an ER stress protein that is overexpressed under ER stress conditions. The current study aimed to investigate serum levels of TRB3 and GRP78, as an ER stress marker, in T2DM patients and their correlations with the metabolic profile. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes and 23 healthy control subjects were evaluated for serum concentrations of TRB3, GRP78, and AGEs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, lipid profile, TNF-α and insulin were also measured, and insulin resistance was calculated using a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Serum concentrations of TRB3, GRP78, AGEs, and TNF-α were significantly higher in T2DM patients compared to the healthy controls. Moreover, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between plasma concentrations of TRB3 and FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and AGE. GRP78 levels were positively correlated with HbA1c and AGEs. There was also a positive correlation between GRP78 and TRB3. AGEs levels were positively correlated with the levels of FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and TNF-α. CONCLUSION The current findings suggest that TRB3 and GRP78 may contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM and might be considered as a therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Sharifi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
| | - N Heydari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Nourbakhsh
- Hazrat Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Ezzati-Mobasser
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Zarrinnahad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Boeder SC, Gregory JM, Giovannetti ER, Pettus JH. SGLT2 Inhibition Increases Fasting Glucagon but Does Not Restore the Counterregulatory Hormone Response to Hypoglycemia in Participants With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:511-519. [PMID: 34857545 PMCID: PMC8893946 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with type 1 diabetes have an impaired glucagon counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia. Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors increase glucagon concentrations. We evaluated whether SGLT inhibition restores the glucagon counterregulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia. Adults with type 1 diabetes (n = 22) were treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (5 mg daily) or placebo for 4 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. After each treatment phase, participants underwent a hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic clamp. Basal glucagon concentrations were 32% higher following dapagliflozin versus placebo, with a median within-participant difference of 2.75 pg/mL (95% CI 1.38-12.6). However, increased basal glucagon levels did not correlate with decreased rates of hypoglycemia and thus do not appear to be protective in avoiding hypoglycemia. During hypoglycemic clamp, SGLT2 inhibition did not change counterregulatory hormone concentrations, time to recovery from hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia symptoms, or cognitive function. Thus, despite raising basal glucagon concentrations, SGLT inhibitor treatment did not restore the impaired glucagon response to hypoglycemia. We propose that clinical reduction in hypoglycemia associated with these agents is a result of changes in diabetes care (e.g., lower insulin doses or improved glycemic variability) as opposed to a direct, physiologic effect of these medications on α-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schafer C. Boeder
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Corresponding author: Schafer C. Boeder,
| | - Justin M. Gregory
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Erin R. Giovannetti
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jeremy H. Pettus
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to determine how the administration of a high-fat diet supplemented with various forms of chromium to rats affects accumulation of this element in the tissues and levels of leptin, ghrelin, insulin, glucagon, serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine, as well as selected mineral elements. METHODS The experiment was conducted on 56 male Wistar rats, which were divided into 8 experimental groups. The rats received standard diet or high fat diet (HFD) with addition of 0.3 mg/kg body weight of chromium(III) picolinate (Cr-Pic), chromium(III)-methioninate (Cr-Met), or chromium nanoparticles (Cr-NP). RESULTS Chromium in organic forms was found to be better retained in the body of rats than Cr in nanoparticles form. However, Cr-Pic was the only form that increased the insulin level, which indicates its beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism. In blood plasma of rats fed a high-fat diet noted an increased level of serotonin and a reduced level of noradrenaline. The addition of Cr to the diet, irrespective of its form, also increased the serotonin level, which should be considered a beneficial effect. Rats fed a high-fat diet had an unfavourable reduction in the plasma concentrations of Ca, P, Mg and Zn. The reduction of P in the plasma induced by supplementation with Cr in the form of Cr-Pic or Cr-NP may exacerbate the adverse effect of a high-fat diet on the level of this element. CONCLUSION A high-fat diet was shown to negatively affect the level of hormones regulating carbohydrate metabolism (increasing leptin levels and decreasing levels of ghrelin and insulin).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stępniowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - K Tutaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - J Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - K Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
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23
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Zhang C, Zhang D, Wang H, Lin Q, Li M, Yuan J, Gao G, Dong J. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment improves pancreatic β‑cell function and hepatic gluconeogenesis in STZ‑induced type‑2 diabetes mellitus model mice. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:90. [PMID: 35039874 PMCID: PMC8809048 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type‑2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes several complications that affect the quality of life and life span of patients. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been used to successfully treat several diseases, including carbon monoxide poisoning, ischemia, infections and diabetic foot ulcer, and increases insulin sensitivity in T2DM. The present study aimed to determine the effect of HBOT on β‑cell function and hepatic gluconeogenesis in streptozotocin (STZ)‑induced type‑2 diabetic mice. To establish a T2DM model, 7‑week‑old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high‑fat diet (HFD) and injected once daily with low‑dose STZ for 3 days after 1‑week HFD feeding. At the 14th week, HFD+HBOT and T2DM+HBOT groups received 1‑h HBOT (2 ATA; 100% pure O2) daily from 5:00 to 6:00 p.m. for 7 days. The HFD and T2DM groups were maintained under normobaric oxygen conditions and used as controls. During HBOT, the 12‑h nocturnal food intake and body weight were measured daily. Moreover, blood glucose was measured by using a tail vein prick and a glucometer. After the final HBO treatment, all mice were sacrificed to conduct molecular biology experiments. Fasting insulin levels of blood samples of sacrificed mice were measured by an ultrasensitive ELISA kit. Pancreas and liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, while immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the effects of HBOT on insulin resistance. TUNEL was used to determine the effects of HBOT on β‑cell apoptosis, and immunoblotting was conducted to determine the β‑cell apoptosis pathway. HBOT notably reduced fasting blood glucose and improved insulin sensitivity in T2DM mice. After HBOT, β‑cell area and β‑cell mass in T2DM mice were significantly increased. HBOT significantly decreased the β‑cell apoptotic rate in T2DM mice via the pancreatic Bcl‑2/caspase‑3/poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) apoptosis pathway. Moreover, HBOT improved the morphology of the liver tissue and increased hepatic glycogen storage in T2DM mice. These findings suggested that HBOT ameliorated the insulin sensitivity of T2DM mice by decreasing the β‑cell apoptotic rate via the pancreatic Bcl‑2/caspase‑3/PARP apoptosis pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fasting/blood
- Gluconeogenesis/physiology
- Glucose Tolerance Test/methods
- Humans
- Hyperbaric Oxygenation/methods
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/cytology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Caishun Zhang
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong 253023, P.R. China
| | - Haidan Wang
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Qian Lin
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Manwen Li
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Yuan
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Guangkai Gao
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, No. 971 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Special Medicine Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
- Physiology Department, College of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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Vodouhè M, Marois J, Guay V, Leblanc N, Weisnagel SJ, Bilodeau JF, Jacques H. Marginal Impact of Brown Seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus Extract on Metabolic and Inflammatory Response in Overweight and Obese Prediabetic Subjects. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:174. [PMID: 35323474 PMCID: PMC8951415 DOI: 10.3390/md20030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to test whether a brown seaweed extract rich in polyphenols combined with a low-calorie diet would induce additional weight loss and improve blood glucose homeostasis in association with a metabolic and inflammatory response in overweight/obese prediabetic subjects. Fifty-six overweight/obese, dysglycemic, and insulin-resistant men and women completed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, and parallel clinical trial. Subjects were administrated 500 mg/d of either brown seaweed extract or placebo combined with individualized nutritional advice for moderate weight loss over a period of 12 weeks. Glycemic, anthropometric, blood pressure, heart rate, body composition, lipid profile, gut integrity, and oxidative and inflammatory markers were measured before and at the end of the trial. No effect was observed on blood glucose. We observed significant but small decreases in plasma C-peptide at 120 min during 2 h-OGTT (3218 ± 181 at pre-intervention vs. 2865 ± 186 pmol/L at post-intervention in the brown seaweed group; 3004 ± 199 at pre-intervention vs. 2954 ± 179 pmol/L at post-intervention in the placebo group; changes between the two groups, p = 0.002), heart rate (72 ± 10 at pre-intervention vs. 69 ± 9 (n/min) at post-intervention in the brown seaweed group; 68 ± 9 at pre-intervention vs. 68 ± 8 (n/min) at post-intervention in the placebo group; changes between the two groups, p = 0.01), and an inhibition in the increase of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) (1.3 ± 0.7 at pre-intervention vs. 1.5 ± 0.7 pg/L at post-intervention in the brown seaweed group; 1.4 ± 1.1 at pre-intervention vs. 2.2 ± 1.6 pg/L at post-intervention in the placebo group; changes between the two groups, p = 0.02) following brown seaweed consumption compared with placebo in the context of moderate weight loss. Although consumption of brown seaweed extract had no effect on body weight or blood glucose, an early attenuation of the inflammatory response was observed in association with marginal changes in metabolic parameters related to the prevention of diabetes type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Vodouhè
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Julie Marois
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (J.M.); (V.G.); (N.L.)
| | - Valérie Guay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (J.M.); (V.G.); (N.L.)
| | - Nadine Leblanc
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (J.M.); (V.G.); (N.L.)
| | - Stanley John Weisnagel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (S.J.W.); (J.-F.B.)
| | - Jean-François Bilodeau
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (S.J.W.); (J.-F.B.)
| | - Hélène Jacques
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
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25
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de Assis CS, Diniz TG, Alcântara JOS, Brito VPADS, do Nascimento RAF, Nunes MKDS, Silva AS, de Queiroga Evangelista IW, Viturino MGM, de Lima RLFC, Persuhn DC. Metabolic impact of the VDR rs1544410 in diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263346. [PMID: 35213542 PMCID: PMC8880825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims
To investigate the association between BsmI and DM2 in patients with and without DR and to correlate with clinical parameters in a population in northeastern Brazil.
Methods
Cross-sectional case-control study in which data were collected from 285 individuals, including 128 patients with DM2 and 157 with DR. Clinical, biochemical and anthropometric parameters were analyzed, in addition to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) BsmI of the VDR gene (rs1544410), genotyped by PCR-RFLP.
Results
In the DR group we found a greater number of patients using insulin therapy (p = 0.000) and with longer duration of DM2 (p = 0.000), in addition to higher serum creatinine values (p = 0.001). Higher fasting glucose levels and higher frequency of insulinoterapy were independently observed in patients with DR and b allele carriers, when compared to BB.
Conclusion
The association of the bb/Bb genotypes (rs1544410) of the VDR gene with increased blood glucose levels and insulinoterapy may represent worse glicemic control in rs1544410 b allele carriers in DR Latin American individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tainá Gomes Diniz
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mayara Karla dos Santos Nunes
- Post-Graduation Program in Development and Technological Innovation of Medicines (DITM), Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marina Gonçalves Monteiro Viturino
- Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition Science, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Taniguchi H, Nirengi S, Ishihara K, Sakane N. Association of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 with diabetic complications and insulin dose in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263774. [PMID: 35192641 PMCID: PMC8863253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is an important regulator of glycemic control, but the association between circulating FGF21 and diabetic complications is poorly understood. Moreover, basal FGF21 secretion, especially in response to insulin dose, in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), has not been well examined. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of circulating FGF21 levels with diabetic complications and insulin dosage in middle-aged and elderly patients with T1DM. Materials and methods A total of 127 middle-aged and elderly patients with T1DM, including 68 patients with diabetic complications, and 106 non-diabetic individuals were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Information on demographic characteristics and T1DM was extracted from their electronic medical records. Serum FGF21 levels were determined using ELISA. Results Serum FGF21 levels were significantly lower in T1DM patients (75.2 [37.4–135.1] pg/mL) than in non-diabetic participants (151.6 [92.0–224.6] pg/mL; P < 0.001). No diabetic complications were associated with serum FGF21 concentrations. Both basal and bolus insulin doses were significantly and positively correlated with serum FGF21 levels (P < 0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that FGF21 level was associated with age and body mass index (P < 0.05), while the basal insulin dose was an independent positive predictor of serum FGF21 levels (β = 0.197, P = 0.032). Conclusions Circulating FGF21 levels are reduced in patients with T1DM; however, they are not associated with diabetic complications. In addition, aging, obesity, and insulin dosage are positive determinants of circulating FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nirengi
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kengo Ishihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Okawa MC, Cochran E, Lightbourne M, Brown RJ. Long-Term Effects of Metreleptin in Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome on Glycemia, Growth, and Kidney Function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1032-e1046. [PMID: 34718628 PMCID: PMC8852213 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (RMS) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the insulin receptor gene (INSR) leading to insulin-resistant diabetes, microvascular complications, and growth hormone resistance with short stature. Small, uncontrolled studies suggest that 1-year treatment with recombinant leptin (metreleptin) improves glycemia in RMS. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine effects of long-term metreleptin in RMS on glycemia, anthropometrics, the growth hormone axis, and kidney function. METHODS We compared RMS patients during nonrandomized open-label treatment with metreleptin (≥ 0.15 mg/kg/day) vs no metreleptin over 90 months (5 subjects in both groups at different times, 4 only in metreleptin group, 2 only in control group). Main outcome measures were A1c; glucose; insulin; 24-hour urine glucose; standard deviation scores (SDS) for height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); growth hormone; and estimated glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS Over time, metreleptin-treated subjects maintained 1.8 percentage point lower A1c vs controls (P = 0.007), which remained significant after accounting for changes in insulin doses. Metreleptin-treated subjects had a reduction in BMI SDS, which predicted decreased A1c. Growth hormone increased after metreleptin treatment vs control, with no difference in SDS between groups for IGF-1 or height. Reduced BMI predicted higher growth hormone, while reduced A1c predicted higher IGF-1. CONCLUSION Metreleptin alters the natural history of rising A1c in RMS, leading to lower A1c throughout long-term follow-up. Improved glycemia with metreleptin is likely attributable to appetite suppression and lower BMI SDS. Lower BMI after metreleptin may also worsen growth hormone resistance in RMS, resulting in a null effect on IGF-1 and growth despite improved glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinna C Okawa
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elaine Cochran
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marissa Lightbourne
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence: Rebecca J. Brown, MD, MHSc, Building 10-CRC, Room 6-5942, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Skovsø S, Panzhinskiy E, Kolic J, Cen HH, Dionne DA, Dai XQ, Sharma RB, Elghazi L, Ellis CE, Faulkner K, Marcil SAM, Overby P, Noursadeghi N, Hutchinson D, Hu X, Li H, Modi H, Wildi JS, Botezelli JD, Noh HL, Suk S, Gablaski B, Bautista A, Kim R, Cras-Méneur C, Flibotte S, Sinha S, Luciani DS, Nislow C, Rideout EJ, Cytrynbaum EN, Kim JK, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Alonso LC, MacDonald PE, Johnson JD. Beta-cell specific Insr deletion promotes insulin hypersecretion and improves glucose tolerance prior to global insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:735. [PMID: 35136059 PMCID: PMC8826929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor (Insr) protein is present at higher levels in pancreatic β-cells than in most other tissues, but the consequences of β-cell insulin resistance remain enigmatic. Here, we use an Ins1cre knock-in allele to delete Insr specifically in β-cells of both female and male mice. We compare experimental mice to Ins1cre-containing littermate controls at multiple ages and on multiple diets. RNA-seq of purified recombined β-cells reveals transcriptomic consequences of Insr loss, which differ between female and male mice. Action potential and calcium oscillation frequencies are increased in Insr knockout β-cells from female, but not male mice, whereas only male βInsrKO islets have reduced ATP-coupled oxygen consumption rate and reduced expression of genes involved in ATP synthesis. Female βInsrKO and βInsrHET mice exhibit elevated insulin release in ex vivo perifusion experiments, during hyperglycemic clamps, and following i.p. glucose challenge. Deletion of Insr does not alter β-cell area up to 9 months of age, nor does it impair hyperglycemia-induced proliferation. Based on our data, we adapt a mathematical model to include β-cell insulin resistance, which predicts that β-cell Insr knockout improves glucose tolerance depending on the degree of whole-body insulin resistance. Indeed, glucose tolerance is significantly improved in female βInsrKO and βInsrHET mice compared to controls at 9, 21 and 39 weeks, and also in insulin-sensitive 4-week old males. We observe no improved glucose tolerance in older male mice or in high fat diet-fed mice, corroborating the prediction that global insulin resistance obscures the effects of β-cell specific insulin resistance. The propensity for hyperinsulinemia is associated with mildly reduced fasting glucose and increased body weight. We further validate our main in vivo findings using an Ins1-CreERT transgenic line and find that male mice have improved glucose tolerance 4 weeks after tamoxifen-mediated Insr deletion. Collectively, our data show that β-cell insulin resistance in the form of reduced β-cell Insr contributes to hyperinsulinemia in the context of glucose stimulation, thereby improving glucose homeostasis in otherwise insulin sensitive sex, dietary and age contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søs Skovsø
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Evgeniy Panzhinskiy
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jelena Kolic
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haoning Howard Cen
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Derek A Dionne
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiao-Qing Dai
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Rohit B Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynda Elghazi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cara E Ellis
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katharine Faulkner
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie A M Marcil
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Overby
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nilou Noursadeghi
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daria Hutchinson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hong Li
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Honey Modi
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Wildi
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Diego Botezelli
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hye Lim Noh
- Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Charles River Laboratories, Shrewsbury, MA, USA
| | - Sujin Suk
- Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Brian Gablaski
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Charles River Laboratories, Shrewsbury, MA, USA
| | - Austin Bautista
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ryekjang Kim
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Corentin Cras-Méneur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephane Flibotte
- UBC Life Sciences Institute Bioinformatics Facility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sunita Sinha
- UBC Sequencing and Bioinformatics Consortium, Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dan S Luciani
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Corey Nislow
- UBC Sequencing and Bioinformatics Consortium, Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Rideout
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric N Cytrynbaum
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Miami VA Health Care System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Abstract
The rate-limiting step for skeletal muscle glucose uptake is transport from microcirculation to muscle interstitium. Capillary endothelium poses a barrier that delays the onset of muscle insulin action. Defining physiological barriers that control insulin access to interstitial space is difficult because of technical challenges that confront study of microscopic events in an integrated physiological system. Two physiological variables determine muscle insulin access. These are the number of perfused capillaries and the permeability of capillary walls to insulin. Disease states associated with capillary rarefaction are closely linked to insulin resistance. Insulin permeability through highly resistant capillary walls of muscle poses a significant barrier to insulin access. Insulin may traverse the endothelium through narrow intercellular junctions or vesicular trafficking across the endothelial cell. Insulin is large compared with intercellular junctions, making this an unlikely route. Transport by endothelial vesicular trafficking is likely the primary route of transit. Studies in vivo show movement of insulin is not insulin receptor dependent. This aligns with single-cell transcriptomics that show the insulin receptor is not expressed in muscle capillaries. Work in cultured endothelial cell lines suggest that insulin receptor activation is necessary for endothelial insulin transit. Controversies remain in the understanding of transendothelial insulin transit to muscle. These controversies closely align with experimental approaches. Control of circulating insulin accessibility to skeletal muscle is an area that remains ripe for discovery. Factors that impede insulin access to muscle may contribute to disease and factors that accelerate access may be of therapeutic value for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA
- Correspondence: David H. Wasserman, PhD, Light Hall Rm. 702, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA.
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Gruber N, Rathaus M, Ron I, Livne R, Sheinvald S, Barhod E, Hemi R, Tirosh A, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Tirosh A. Fatty acid-binding protein 4: a key regulator of ketoacidosis in new-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2022; 65:366-374. [PMID: 34806114 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipokine with a key regulatory role in glucose and lipid metabolism. We prospectively evaluated the role of FABP4 in the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in new-onset type 1 diabetes. METHODS Clinical and laboratory data were prospectively collected from consecutive children presenting with new-onset type 1 diabetes. In addition to blood chemistry and gases, insulin, C-peptide, serum FABP4 and NEFA were collected upon presentation and 48 h after initiation of insulin treatment. In a mouse model of type 1 diabetes, glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate and weight were compared between FABP4 knockout (Fabp4-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. RESULTS Included were 33 children (mean age 9.3 ± 3.5 years, 52% male), of whom 14 (42%) presented with DKA. FABP4 levels were higher in the DKA group compared with the non-DKA group (median [IQR] 10.1 [7.9-14.2] ng/ml vs 6.3 [3.9-7] ng/ml, respectively; p = 0.005). The FABP4 level was positively correlated with HbA1c at presentation and inversely correlated with venous blood pH and bicarbonate levels (p < 0.05 for all). Following initiation of insulin therapy, a marked reduction in FABP4 was observed in all children. An FABP4 level of 7.22 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 78% for the diagnosis of DKA, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.78 (95% CI 0.6, 0.95; p = 0.008). In a streptozotocin-induced diabetes mouse model, Fabp4-/- mice exhibited marked hypoinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia similar to WT mice but displayed no significant increase in β-hydroxybutyrate and were protected from ketoacidosis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION FABP4 is suggested to be a necessary regulator of ketogenesis in insulin-deficient states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Gruber
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Moran Rathaus
- The Dalia and David Arabov Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Idit Ron
- The Dalia and David Arabov Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rinat Livne
- The Dalia and David Arabov Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sharon Sheinvald
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ehud Barhod
- The Dalia and David Arabov Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rina Hemi
- The Dalia and David Arabov Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Amit Tirosh
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- The Dalia and David Arabov Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Tirosh
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
- The Dalia and David Arabov Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Zhao Y, Shu Y, Zhao N, Zhou Z, Jia X, Jian C, Jin S. Insulin resistance induced by long-term sleep deprivation in rhesus macaques can be attenuated by Bifidobacterium. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E165-E172. [PMID: 34843659 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00329.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long-term sleep deprivation (SD) is a bad lifestyle habit, especially among specific occupational practitioners, characterized by circadian rhythm misalignment and abnormal sleep/wake cycles. SD is closely associated with an increased risk of metabolic disturbance, particularly obesity and insulin resistance. The incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is a critical insulin release determinant secreted by the intestinal L-cell upon food intake. Besides, the gut microbiota participates in metabolic homeostasis and regulates GLP-1 release in a circadian rhythm manner. As a commonly recognized intestinal probiotic, Bifidobacterium has various clinical indications regarding its curative effect. However, few studies have investigated the effect of Bifidobacterium supplementation on sleep disorders. In the present study, we explored the impact of long-term SD on the endocrine metabolism of rhesus monkeys and determined the effect of Bifidobacterium supplementation on the SD-induced metabolic status. Lipid concentrations, body weight, fast blood glucose, and insulin levels increased after SD. Furthermore, after 2 mo of long-term SD, the intravenous glucose tolerance test showed that the glucose metabolism was impaired and the insulin sensitivity decreased. Moreover, 1 mo of Bifidobacterium oral administration significantly reduced blood glucose and attenuated insulin resistance in rhesus macaques. Overall, our results suggested that Bifidobacterium might be used to alleviate SD-induced aberrant glucose metabolism and improve insulin resistance. Also, it might help in better understanding the mechanisms governing the beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings demonstrated that long-term sleep deprivation is closely associated with metabolic syndromes. Bifidobacterium administration showed a superior effect on insulin resistance caused by sleep deprivation. Overall, we provide prevention and treatment methods for long-term sleep deprivation, a bad lifestyle habit among specific occupational practitioners, such as irregular shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Jian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Pedersen MGB, Søndergaard E, Nielsen CB, Johannsen M, Gormsen LC, Møller N, Jessen N, Rittig N. Oral lactate slows gastric emptying and suppresses appetite in young males. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:517-525. [PMID: 35016146 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate serves as an alternative energy fuel but is also an important signaling metabolite. We aimed to investigate whether oral lactate administration affects appetite-regulating hormones, slows gastric emptying rate, and dampens appetite. METHODS Ten healthy male volunteers were investigated on two separate occasions: 1) following oral ingestion of D/L-Na-lactate and 2) following oral ingestion of isotonic iso-voluminous NaCl and intravenous iso-lactemic D/L-Na-lactate infusions. Appetite was evaluated by questionnaires and ad libitum meal tests were performed at the end of each study day. Gastric emptying rate was evaluated using the acetaminophen test. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of growth differential factor 15 (GDF15, primary outcome) increased following oral and iv administration of lactate (p < 0.001) with no detectable difference between interventions (p = 0.15). Oral lactate administration lowered plasma concentrations of acylated ghrelin (p = 0.02) and elevated glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1, p = 0.045), insulin (p < 0.001), and glucagon (p < 0.001) compared with iv administration. Oral lactate administration slowed gastric emptying (p < 0.001), increased the feeling of being "full" (p = 0.008) and lowered the "anticipated future food intake" (p = 0.007) compared with iv administration. Food intake during the ad libitum meal test did not differ between the two study days. CONCLUSION Oral lactate administration has a direct effect on the upper gastrointestinal tract, affecting gut hormone secretion, motility and appetite sensations which cannot be mediated through lactate in the systemic circulation alone. These data suggest that compounds rich in lactate may be useful in the treatment of metabolic disease. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT0429981, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04299815.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Glavind Bülow Pedersen
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Camilla Bak Nielsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 43, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 43, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lars Christian Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd. 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Blvd 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Rittig
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Hedeager 3, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Eto E, Tani K, Maki J, Hayata K, Masuyama H. Obesity's Influence on Insulin Resistance in Pregnant Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Acta Med Okayama 2022; 76:51-56. [PMID: 35236998 DOI: 10.18926/amo/63209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine metabolic disorder that is associated with high insulin resistance and obesity. However, ~70% of women with PCOS in Japan are non-obese. We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 163 Japanese women with PCOS who visited our Ob/Gyn department in 2006-2018 to determine which has a greater effect on insulin resistance: PCOS or obesity. We reviewed the women's medical records and calculated their insulin resistance and insulin secretion. The women's mean age and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) were 30±5.8 years and 24.8±5.6 kg/m2, respectively; their mean ± SD fasting plasma glucose, 94.1±13.7 mg/dL; HOMA-IR, 2.1±2.0; QUICKI, 0.4±0.0; and HOMA-β, 108.9±88.0%. Sixtyeight women were pregnant, and 37% (n=25) were obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Obesity had a greater effect on insulin resistance: fasting plasma glucose F(1, 53)=6.134, p<0.05; fasting insulin F(1, 53)=31.606, p<0.01; HOMA-IR F(1, 53)=31.670, p<0.01; QUICKI F(1, 53)=16.156, p<0.01. There was no significant difference in values other than QUICKI and testosterone between the women with and without PCOS. Obesity thus had a greater effect on increased insulin resistance in pregnant women with PCOS. Further studies of the insulin resistance of non-obese women with PCOS is needed, as non-obese women with PCOS are common in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Eto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kazumasa Tani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Jota Maki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kei Hayata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Hisashi Masuyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Aktaş HŞ, Uzun YE, Kutlu O, Pençe HH, Özçelik F, Çil EÖ, Irak L, Altun Ö, Özcan M, Özsoy N, Aydın Yoldemir Ş, Kalyon S, Arman Y, Tükek T. The effects of high intensity-interval training on vaspin, adiponectin and leptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:37-42. [PMID: 31516017 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1662450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of HIIT exercise on PCOS patients and how it affects adiponectin, vaspin and leptin. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty women with PCOS were included in the study and were divided into two groups. HIIT program was applied for 10 PCOS and Medium Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) program was applied for other 10 PCOS. At the beginning and at the end of the study, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride(TG), insulin, Adiponectin, Leptin, Vaspin levels of both PCOS groups were evaluated. RESULTS When PCOS patients by performed HIIT exercise for 12 weeks, we found that the levels of leptin and vaspin did not change while adiponectin levels increased. Moreover serum levels of insulin, TG, total cholesterol, LDL-C decreased but levels of HDL-C increased. CONCLUSION HIIT increased in the adiponectin levels in women with PCOS and provided more weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ş Aktaş
- Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Y E Uzun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Kutlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H H Pençe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Özçelik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Ö Çil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - L Irak
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Sciences University, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ö Altun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Özcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Özsoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ş Aydın Yoldemir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Kalyon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Y Arman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T Tükek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Amin E, Abdel-Bakky MS, Darwish MA, Mohammed HA, Chigurupati S, Qureshi KA, Hassan MHA. The Glycemic Control Potential of Some Amaranthaceae Plants, with Particular Reference to In Vivo Antidiabetic Potential of Agathophora alopecuroides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030973. [PMID: 35164238 PMCID: PMC8839903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products continue to provide inspiring moieties for the treatment of various diseases. In this regard, investigation of wild plants, which have not been previously explored, is a promising strategy for reaching medicinally useful drugs. The present study aims to investigate the antidiabetic potential of nine Amaranthaceae plants: Agathophora alopecuroides, Anabasis lachnantha, Atriplex leucoclada, Cornulaca aucheri, Halothamnus bottae, Halothamnus iraqensis, Salicornia persia, Salsola arabica, and Salsola villosa, growing in the Qassim area, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The antidiabetic activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts was assessed using in vitro testing of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effects. Among the nine tested extracts, A. alopecuroides extract (AAE) displayed potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase enzyme with IC50 117.9 µg/mL noting better activity than Acarbose (IC50 191.4 µg/mL). Furthermore, AAE displayed the highest α- amylase inhibitory activity among the nine tested extracts, with IC50 90.9 µg/mL. Based upon in vitro testing results, the antidiabetic activity of the two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) of AAE was studied in normoglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The effects of the extract on body weight, food and water intakes, random blood glucose level (RBGL), fasting blood glucose level (FBGL), insulin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were investigated. Results indicated that oral administration of the two doses of AAE showed a significant dose-dependent increase (p < 0.05) in the body weight and serum insulin level, as well as a significant decrease in food and water intake, RBGL, FBGL, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, in STZ-induced diabetic mice, compared with the diabetic control group. Meanwhile, no significant differences of both extract doses were observed in normoglycemic mice when compared with normal control animals. This study revealed a promising antidiabetic activity of the wild plant A. alopecuroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (S.C.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed Sadek Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Assem Darwish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 11787, Egypt;
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (S.C.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Kamal Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marwa H. A. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt;
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Kent NL, Atluri SC, Cuffe JSM. Maternal Hypothyroidism in Rats Reduces Placental Lactogen, Lowers Insulin Levels, and Causes Glucose Intolerance. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6429715. [PMID: 34791119 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism increases the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) but the mechanisms responsible are unknown. This study aimed to assess the pathophysiological mechanisms by which hypothyroidism leads to glucose intolerance in pregnancy. Hypothyroidism was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats by adding methimazole (MMI) to drinking water at moderate (MOD, MMI at 0.005% w/v) and severe (SEV, MMI at 0.02% w/v) doses from 1 week before pregnancy and throughout gestation. A nonpregnant cohort received the same dose for the same duration but were not mated. On gestational day 16 (GD16), or nonpregnant day 16 (NP16), animals were subjected to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Tissues and blood samples were collected 4 days later. Hypothyroidism induced a diabetic-like phenotype by GD16 in pregnant females only. Pregnant MOD and SEV females had reduced fasting plasma insulin, less insulin following a glucose load, and altered expression of genes involved in insulin signaling within skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Hypothyroidism reduced rat placental lactogen concentrations, which was accompanied by reduced percentage β-cell cross-sectional area (CSA) relative to total pancreas CSA, and a reduced number of large β-cell clusters in the SEV hypothyroid group. Plasma triglycerides and free fatty acids were reduced by hypothyroidism in pregnant rats, as was the expression of genes that regulate lipid homeostasis. Hypothyroidism in pregnant rats results in a diabetic-like phenotype that is likely mediated by impaired β-cell expansion in pregnancy. This pregnancy-specific phenomenon is likely due to reduced placental lactogen secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nykola Louise Kent
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sharat Chandra Atluri
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Niibo M, Kanasaki A, Iida T, Ohnishi K, Ozaki T, Akimitsu K, Minamino T. d-allulose protects against diabetic nephropathy progression in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263300. [PMID: 35100325 PMCID: PMC8803202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
d-allulose is a rare sugar that has been reported to possess anti-hyperglycemic effects. In the present study, we hypothesized that d-allulose is effective in attenuating the progression of diabetic nephropathy in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drinking water with or without 3% d-allulose was administered to OLETF rats for 13 weeks. Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats that received drinking water without d-allulose were used as non-diabetic control rats. d-allulose significantly attenuated the increase in blood glucose levels and progressive mesangial expansion in the glomerulus, which is regarded as a characteristic of diabetic nephropathy, in OLETF rats. d-allulose also attenuated the significant increases in renal IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA levels in OLETF rats, which is a proinflammatory parameter. Additionally, we showed that d-allulose suppresses mesangial matrix expansion, but its correlation with suppressing renal inflammation in OLETF rats should be investigated further. Collectively, our results support the hypothesis that d-allulose can prevent diabetic nephropathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Niibo
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Itami City, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akane Kanasaki
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Itami City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Iida
- Research and Development, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Itami City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohnishi
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education & Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
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Zhang F, Chen D, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Ma Y, Zhang X, Zhao S, Chen C. Diaphragma juglandis extracts modifies the gut microbiota during prevention of type 2 diabetes in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 283:114484. [PMID: 34627985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The diaphragma juglandis (DJ) comes from the wooden septum in the core of Juglans regia L, also known as the walnut septum. In Iranian traditional medicine, walnut distraction wood was widely used in the treatment of diabetes. However, there is a lack of research data on the mechanism of DJ against diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the protective effect of diaphragma juglandis extract (DJE) on type 2 diabetic rats and the hypoglycemic mechanism of DJE. MATERIAL AND METHODS Supplemented DJE and fed a high-fat diet for five weeks, and then injected low-dose STZ, successfully induced type 2 diabetic rats. Collected rat serum, liver, pancreas and feces to determine the biochemical parameters of serum and liver, analyze the pathological damages of pancreas and liver, and measure the changes of gut microbes in feces. RESULTS DJE could inhibit the metabolic abnormalities of T2DM by improving insulin resistance, abnormal lipid metabolism, liver damage, oxidative stress, and reducing inflammation. DJE significantly held fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein, serum low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, oral glucose tolerance test, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase and catalase, serum and liver triglycerides, total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, lipopolysaccharide, fasting insulin and tumor necrosis factor-α and prevented the pathological damage of pancreas and liver. The 16SrRNA gene sequencing results showed that DJE intercepted the disorders of the fecal gut microbes, mainly including Lactobacillaceae, Rikenella, Pygmaiobacter, Oscillospiraceae and Klebsiella. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the changes of gut microbes were closely relative with biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION DJE might prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications and hold up the disorders of gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Yunnan Institute of Tobacco Quality Inspection and Supervision, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qingyujing Zhao
- Kunming Customs Technological Center, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Yage Ma
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Chaoyin Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650204, China
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Ward CP, Peng L, Yuen S, Chang M, Karapetyan R, Nyangau E, Mohammed H, Palacios H, Ziari N, Joe LK, Frakes AE, Dandan M, Dillin A, Hellerstein MK. ER Unfolded Protein Response in Liver In Vivo Is Characterized by Reduced, Not Increased, De Novo Lipogenesis and Cholesterol Synthesis Rates with Uptake of Fatty Acids from Adipose Tissue: Integrated Gene Expression, Translation Rates and Metabolic Fluxes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031073. [PMID: 35162995 PMCID: PMC8835023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. Here, we characterize UPRER-induced metabolic changes in mouse livers in vivo through metabolic labeling and mass spectrometric analysis of lipid and proteome-wide fluxes. We induced UPRER by tunicamycin administration and measured synthesis rates of proteins, fatty acids and cholesterol, as well as RNA-seq. Contrary to reports in isolated cells, hepatic de novo lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis were markedly reduced, as were mRNA levels and synthesis rates of lipogenic proteins. H&E staining showed enrichment with lipid droplets while electron microscopy revealed ER morphological changes. Interestingly, the pre-labeling of adipose tissue prior to UPRER induction resulted in the redistribution of labeled fatty acids from adipose tissue to the liver, with replacement by unlabeled glycerol in the liver acylglycerides, indicating that the liver uptake was of free fatty acids, not whole glycerolipids. The redistribution of adipose fatty acids to the liver was not explicable by altered plasma insulin, increased fatty acid levels (lipolysis) or by reduced food intake. Synthesis of most liver proteins was suppressed under UPRER conditions, with the exception of BiP, other chaperones, protein disulfide isomerases, and proteins of ribosomal biogenesis. Protein synthesis rates generally, but not always, paralleled changes in mRNA. In summary, this combined approach, linking static changes with fluxes, revealed an integrated reduction of lipid and cholesterol synthesis pathways, from gene expression to translation and metabolic flux rates, under UPRER conditions. The reduced lipogenesis does not parallel human fatty liver disease. This approach provides powerful tools to characterize metabolic processes underlying hepatic UPRER in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P. Ward
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.W.); (L.P.); (S.Y.); (M.C.); (R.K.); (E.N.); (H.M.); (H.P.); (N.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Lucy Peng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.W.); (L.P.); (S.Y.); (M.C.); (R.K.); (E.N.); (H.M.); (H.P.); (N.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Samuel Yuen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.W.); (L.P.); (S.Y.); (M.C.); (R.K.); (E.N.); (H.M.); (H.P.); (N.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Michael Chang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.W.); (L.P.); (S.Y.); (M.C.); (R.K.); (E.N.); (H.M.); (H.P.); (N.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Rozalina Karapetyan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.W.); (L.P.); (S.Y.); (M.C.); (R.K.); (E.N.); (H.M.); (H.P.); (N.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Edna Nyangau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.W.); (L.P.); (S.Y.); (M.C.); (R.K.); (E.N.); (H.M.); (H.P.); (N.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Hussein Mohammed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.W.); (L.P.); (S.Y.); (M.C.); (R.K.); (E.N.); (H.M.); (H.P.); (N.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Hector Palacios
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.W.); (L.P.); (S.Y.); (M.C.); (R.K.); (E.N.); (H.M.); (H.P.); (N.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Naveed Ziari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.W.); (L.P.); (S.Y.); (M.C.); (R.K.); (E.N.); (H.M.); (H.P.); (N.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Larry K. Joe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (L.K.J.); (A.E.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Ashley E. Frakes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (L.K.J.); (A.E.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Mohamad Dandan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.W.); (L.P.); (S.Y.); (M.C.); (R.K.); (E.N.); (H.M.); (H.P.); (N.Z.); (M.D.)
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (L.K.J.); (A.E.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Marc K. Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 92093, USA; (C.P.W.); (L.P.); (S.Y.); (M.C.); (R.K.); (E.N.); (H.M.); (H.P.); (N.Z.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Göbl C, Morettini M, Salvatori B, Alsalim W, Kahleova H, Ahrén B, Tura A. Temporal Patterns of Glucagon and Its Relationships with Glucose and Insulin following Ingestion of Different Classes of Macronutrients. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020376. [PMID: 35057557 PMCID: PMC8780023 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: glucagon secretion and inhibition should be mainly determined by glucose and insulin levels, but the relative relevance of each factor is not clarified, especially following ingestion of different macronutrients. We aimed to investigate the associations between plasma glucagon, glucose, and insulin after ingestion of single macronutrients or mixed-meal. Methods: thirty-six participants underwent four metabolic tests, based on administration of glucose, protein, fat, or mixed-meal. Glucagon, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured at fasting and for 300 min following food ingestion. We analyzed relationships between time samples of glucagon, glucose, and insulin in each individual, as well as between suprabasal area-under-the-curve of the same variables (ΔAUCGLUCA, ΔAUCGLU, ΔAUCINS) over the whole participants’ cohort. Results: in individuals, time samples of glucagon and glucose were related in only 26 cases (18 direct, 8 inverse relationships), whereas relationship with insulin was more frequent (60 and 5, p < 0.0001). The frequency of significant relationships was different among tests, especially for direct relationships (p ≤ 0.006). In the whole cohort, ΔAUCGLUCA was weakly related to ΔAUCGLU (p ≤ 0.02), but not to ΔAUCINS, though basal insulin secretion emerged as possible covariate. Conclusions: glucose and insulin are not general and exclusive determinants of glucagon secretion/inhibition after mixed-meal or macronutrients ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Göbl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Micaela Morettini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | | | - Wathik Alsalim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (W.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Hana Kahleova
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Bo Ahrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; (W.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Andrea Tura
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 35127 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-829-5786
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Brosolo G, Da Porto A, Bulfone L, Scandolin L, Vacca A, Bertin N, Vivarelli C, Sechi LA, Catena C. Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Glycometabolic Changes in Nondiabetic Patients with Arterial Hypertension. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020311. [PMID: 35057492 PMCID: PMC8778458 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that mildly increased fasting and post-oral load blood glucose concentrations contribute to development of organ damage in nondiabetic patients with hypertension. In previous studies, vitamin D deficiency was associated with decreased glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between serum 25(OH)D levels and glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in hypertension. In 187 nondiabetic essential hypertensive patients free of cardiovascular or renal complications, we measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and performed a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Patients with 25(OH)D deficiency/insufficiency were older and had significantly higher blood pressure, fasting and post-OGTT (G-AUC) glucose levels, post-OGTT insulin (I-AUC), PTH levels, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome than patients with normal serum 25(OH)D. 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with age, blood pressure, fasting glucose, G-AUC, triglycerides, and serum calcium and PTH, while no significant relationships were found with body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, I-AUC, HOMA index, and renal function. In a multivariate regression model, greater G-AUC was associated with lower 25(OH)D levels independently of BMI and seasonal vitamin D variations. Thus, in nondiabetic hypertensive patients, 25(OH)D deficiency/insufficiency could contribute to impaired glucose tolerance without directly affecting insulin sensitivity.
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Shi S, Sun M, Liu Y, Jiang J, Li F. Insight into Shenqi Jiangtang Granule on the improved insulin sensitivity by integrating in silico and in vivo approaches. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 282:114672. [PMID: 34560213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Presently, insulin resistance has been a growing concern that urgently needs to be addressed, because it not only places patients at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus but also results in metabolic syndrome and different aspects of cardiovascular diseases. Shenqi Jiangtang Granule (SJG) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription that is widely used to treat diabetes mellitus and its complications in clinical practice. While studies have revealed that SJG with multi-ingredients and multi-targets characteristics possesses potential anti-insulin resistance pharmacological properties, its mechanisms of action and molecular targets for the treatment of insulin resistance are still obscure, which prompt us to conduct an in-depth research. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was purposed to uncover the pharmacological mechanism of SJG against insulin resistance through integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The putative ingredients of SJG and its related targets were discerned from the TCMSP database. Subsequently, insulin resistance-associated targets were retrieved from GeneCard, OMIM, and GEO database. Compound-target, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and compound-target-pathway networks were established using Cytoscape software. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to identify possible enrichment of genes with specific biological themes. Molecular docking was used to verify the correlation between the main active ingredients and hub targets. Optimal docking conformation was further analyzed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Finally, the potential molecular mechanisms of SJG acting on insulin resistance, as predicted by the network pharmacology analyses, were validated experimentally in insulin-resistant rat model. RESULTS 136 active compounds, 211 corresponding targets in addition to 1463 disease-related targets were collected, of which 94 intersection targets were obtained. 29 key targets including AKT1, VEGFA, IL-6, CASP3, and PTGS2 were identified through PPI network analysis. Hub module of PPI network was closely associated with inflammation. GO and KEGG analyses also revealed that inflammation-related pathways may be a central factor for SJG to modulate insulin resistance. Molecular docking test showed a good binding potency between primary active ingredients and core targets, and the binding mode of optimal docking conformation was stable in MD simulation. A rat model of insulin resistance was successfully induced by chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption. Through a series of in vivo studies, including HEC, ITT, and HOMA-IR measurement, it was revealed that SJG exhibited a beneficial effect on ameliorating insulin resistance, as demonstrated by a significant increase of GIR and a significant decrease of AUCITT and HOMA-IR index value. Further molecular biological analysis showed that SJG can decrease the mRNA expression level and serum concentration of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), along with suppressing the p-NFκB protein overexpression, indicating its anti-inflammatory activity. Also, it can contribute to the reversal of the impaired hepatic insulin signaling pathway, as evidenced by up-regulated protein expression of p-Akt and GLUT2. CONCLUSIONS Through in silico and in vivo approaches, the present study not only provides a unique insight into the possible mechanism of SJG in insulin resistance after successfully filtering out associated key target genes and signaling pathways, but also suggests a novel promising therapeutic strategy for curing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China; Institute for Chronic Disease Management, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China.
| | - Mingliang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China.
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China.
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Institute for Chronic Disease Management, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China; Institute for Chronic Disease Management, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China.
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Abstract
Plasma insulin clearance is an important determinant of plasma insulin concentration. In this review, we provide an overview of the factors that regulate insulin removal from plasma and discuss the interrelationships among plasma insulin clearance, excess adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We conclude with the perspective that the commonly observed lower insulin clearance rate in people with obesity, compared with lean people, is not a compensatory response to insulin resistance but occurs because insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance are mechanistically, directly linked. Furthermore, insulin clearance decreases postprandially because of the marked increase in insulin delivery to tissues that clear insulin. The commonly observed high postprandial insulin clearance in people with obesity and T2D likely results from the relatively low insulin secretion rate, not an impaired adaptation of tissues that clear insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8031-14-0002, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (H.-C.E.K.); (C.C.)
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Harray AJ, Binkowski S, Keating BL, Horowitz M, Standfield S, Smith G, Paramalingam N, Jones T, King BR, Smart CEM, Davis EA. Effects of Dietary Fat and Protein on Glucoregulatory Hormones in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e205-e213. [PMID: 34410410 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dietary fat and protein impact postprandial hyperglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Glucoregulatory hormones are also known to modulate gastric emptying and may contribute to this effect. OBJECTIVE Investigate the effects of fat and protein on glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), glucagon-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon secretion. METHODS 2 crossover euglycemic insulin clamp clinical trials at 2 Australian pediatric diabetes centers. Participants were 12-21 years (n = 21) with type 1 diabetes for ≥1 year. Participants consumed a low-protein (LP) or high-protein (HP) meal in Study 1, and low-protein/low-fat (LPLF) or high-protein/high-fat (HPHF) meal in Study 2, all containing 30 g of carbohydrate. An insulin clamp was used to maintain postprandial euglycemia and plasma glucoregulatory hormones were measured every 30 minutes for 5 hours. Data from both cohorts (n = 11, 10) were analyzed separately. The main outcome measure was area under the curve of GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon. RESULTS Meals low in fat and protein had minimal effect on GLP-1, while there was sustained elevation after HP (80.3 ± 16.8 pmol/L) vs LP (56.9 ± 18.6), P = .016, and HPHF (103.0 ± 26.9) vs LPLF (69.5 ± 31.9) meals, P = .002. The prompt rise in GIP after all meals was greater after HP (190.2 ± 35.7 pmol/L) vs LP (152.3 ± 23.3), P = .003, and HPHF (258.6 ± 31.0) vs LPLF (151.7 ± 29.4), P < .001. A rise in glucagon was also seen in response to protein, and HP (292.5 ± 88.1 pg/mL) vs LP (182.8 ± 48.5), P = .010. CONCLUSION The impact of fat and protein on postprandial glucose excursions may be mediated by the differential secretion of glucoregulatory hormones. Further studies to better understand these mechanisms may lead to improved personalized postprandial glucose management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J Harray
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sabrina Binkowski
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barbara L Keating
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Grant Smith
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nirubasini Paramalingam
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bruce R King
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carmel E M Smart
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Davis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Chalmers JA, Dalvi PS, Loganathan N, McIlwraith EK, Wellhauser L, Nazarians-Armavil A, Eversley JA, Mohan H, Stahel P, Dash S, Wheeler MB, Belsham DD. Hypothalamic miR-1983 Targets Insulin Receptor β and the Insulin-mediated miR-1983 Increase Is Blocked by Metformin. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6433013. [PMID: 34919671 PMCID: PMC8682955 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in the hypothalamus are capable of regulating energy balance and peripheral metabolism by inhibiting translation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Hypothalamic insulin resistance is known to precede that in the periphery, thus a critical unanswered question is whether central insulin resistance creates a specific hypothalamic miRNA signature that can be identified and targeted. Here we show that miR-1983, a unique miRNA, is upregulated in vitro in 2 insulin-resistant immortalized hypothalamic neuronal neuropeptide Y-expressing models, and in vivo in hyperinsulinemic mice, with a concomitant decrease of insulin receptor β subunit protein, a target of miR-1983. Importantly, we demonstrate that miR-1983 is detectable in human blood serum and that its levels significantly correlate with blood insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Levels of miR-1983 are normalized with metformin exposure in mouse hypothalamic neuronal cell culture. Our findings provide evidence for miR-1983 as a unique biomarker of cellular insulin resistance, and a potential therapeutic target for prevention of human metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Chalmers
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Prasad S Dalvi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Current Affiliation: Prasad S. Dalvi is now at Morosky College of Health Professions and Sciences, Gannon University, Erie, Pennsylvania 16541, USA
| | - Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Emma K McIlwraith
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Leigh Wellhauser
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Judith A Eversley
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haneesha Mohan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Priska Stahel
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Satya Dash
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence: Denise D. Belsham, PhD, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Bldg 3247A, 1 Kings College Cir, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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46
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Zhang B, Yuan Y, Xin J, Chen M, Wang Z, Li X, Xue T. Study of Water- and Organic-Soluble Extracts from Trichosanthes on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:3250016. [PMID: 35224106 PMCID: PMC8872669 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3250016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of the water-soluble and organic-soluble Trichosanthes extracts on the hyperglycemic condition in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. The blood glucose levels, body weights, water intake, and urine volumes of rats in different experimental groups were monitored throughout the experiment, and the results obtained indicate that the two extracts can effectively reduce blood sugar levels, increase body weights, and improve water intake and urine volumes in diabetic rats. Based on blood biochemical analyses, the two extracts play an important role in regulating the diabetes-induced lipid metabolism disorder, increasing the levels of insulin and C-peptide, and alleviating the symptoms of diabetes. The variation in the liver glycogen contents of the water-soluble fraction and ethanol fraction groups suggests that the mechanisms underlying the hypoglycemic effects of the two extracts are different. Indeed, the water-soluble fraction alleviates diabetes symptoms in rats mainly by antioxidative activity, unlike the ethanol fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yanli Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
- Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong, China
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47
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Veedfald S, Rehfeld JF, van Hall G, Svendsen LB, Holst JJ. Entero-Pancreatic Hormone Secretion, Gastric Emptying, and Glucose Absorption After Frequently Sampled Meal Tests. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e188-e204. [PMID: 34479362 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Entero-pancreatic hormone secretion has been reported during the pre-absorptive cephalic and gastric meal phases, but never with a blood sampling frequency providing a temporal resolution that allows close scrutiny and correlations with gastric emptying and glucose absorption. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that entero-pancreatic hormone secretion after nutrient ingestion would be rapid and correlate with gastric emptying and glucose absorption. METHODS During 2 visits in a clinical research facility, 10 healthy young men ingested a 75-g glucose drink (OG) and a liquid mixed meal (LMM) (t = 0-2 minutes) on separate days. Acetaminophen and 3-O-methyl-D-glucopyranose (3-OMG) were added to the drinks to evaluate gastric emptying and glucose absorption, respectively. Arterialized venous blood was sampled (t = -30, -20, -18, -16, -14, -12, -10, -8, -6, -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 30 minutes). Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), 3-OMG, and glucose were measured, as were serum insulin, C-peptide, and acetaminophen. RESULTS Acetaminophen increased 8 minutes after OG (P < 0.001) and LMM (P < 0.05); 3-OMG, 8 minutes after LMM (P < 0.0001), 10 minutes after OG (P = 0.04); PP, 4 minutes after LMM (P < 0.03); gastrin, 6 minutes after LMM (P < 0.003) and OG (P < 0.003); CCK, 6 minutes after LMM (P = 0.0001); GIP, 8 minutes after OG (P < 0.05) and LMM (P < 0.03); glucose, 8 minutes after OG (P < 0.001); 12 minutes after LMM (P < 0.02); GLP-1, 12 minutes after OG (P < 0.01), 10 minutes after LMM (P < 0.01); insulin, 12 minutes after LMM (P = 0.02) and OG (P = 0.002); C-peptide, 12 minutes after OG (P = 0.002) and LMM (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Early postprandial hormone responses show characteristic differences with regard to timing and amplitude but also great individual differences. This should be considered when interpreting mean responses and designing study protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Veedfald
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Clinical Metabolic Core Facility, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars B Svendsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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48
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Yin Y, Pan Y, He J, Zhong H, Wu Y, Ji C, Liu L, Cui X. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c relieves hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus. Pharmacol Res 2022; 175:105987. [PMID: 34798268 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The most common complication during pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes and result in the mother and infant having a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes after pregnancy. However, existing therapies for GDM remain scant, with the most common being lifestyle intervention and appropriate insulin treatment. MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, can target skeletal muscle and enhance glucose metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that MOTS-c can be an effective treatment for GDM. A GDM mouse model was established by short term high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) treatment while MOTS-c was administrated daily during pregnancy. GDM symptoms such as blood glucose and insulin levels, glucose and insulin tolerance, as well as reproductive outcomes were investigated. MOTS-c significantly alleviated hyperglycemia, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, and reduced birth weight and the death of offspring induced by GDM. Similar to a previous study, MOTS-c also could activate insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle of GDM mice and elevate glucose uptake in vitro. In addition, we found that MOTS-c protects pancreatic β-cell from STZ-mediated injury. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that MOTS-c could be a promising strategy for the treatment of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yihui Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jin He
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China; Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, China.
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49
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Fan X, Chen D, Wang Y, Tan Y, Zhao H, Zeng J, Li Y, Guo X, Qiu H, Gu Y. Light intensity alters the effects of light-induced circadian disruption on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E1-E9. [PMID: 34719945 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00025.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Circadian disruption induced by rotating light cycles has been linked to metabolic disorders. However, how the interaction of light intensity and light cycle affects metabolism under different diets remains to be explored. Eighty mice were first randomly stratified into the low-fat diet (LFD, n = 40) or high-fat diet (HFD, n = 40) groups. Each group was further randomly subdivided into four groups (n = 8-12 per group) in terms of different light intensities [lower (LI, 78 lx) or higher intensity (HI, 169 lx)] and light cycles [12-h light:12-h dark cycle or circadian-disrupting (CD) light cycle consisting of repeated 6-h light phase advancement]. Body weight was measured weekly. At the end of the 16-wk experiment, mice were euthanized for serum and pathological analysis. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed during the last 2 wk. The CD cycle increased body weight gain, adipocyte area, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance of LFD as well as HFD mice under HI but not LI condition. Moreover, the serum and hepatic triglyceride levels increased with LFD-HI treatment, regardless of light cycle. In addition, the CD cycle improved lipid and glucose metabolism under HFD-LI condition. In summary, the detrimental effects of the CD cycle on metabolism were alleviated under LI condition, especially in HFD mice. These results indicate that modulating light intensity is a potential strategy to prevent the negative metabolic consequences associated with jet lag or shift work.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glucose and lipid homeostasis is altered by the CD cycles in a light-intensity-dependent manner. Lower-intensity light reverses the negative metabolic effects of the CD cycles, especially under HFD feeding. The interaction of light intensity and light cycle on metabolism is independent of energy intake and eating pattern. Glucose metabolic disorders caused by rotating light cycles occur along with compensatory β-cell mass expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Fan
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Defu Chen
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhou Tan
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyou Zhao
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqi Li
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghuan Guo
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Precision Laser Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Innovation Unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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50
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Gluais‐Dagorn P, Foretz M, Steinberg GR, Batchuluun B, Zawistowska‐Deniziak A, Lambooij JM, Guigas B, Carling D, Monternier P, Moller DE, Bolze S, Hallakou‐Bozec S. Direct AMPK Activation Corrects NASH in Rodents Through Metabolic Effects and Direct Action on Inflammation and Fibrogenesis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:101-119. [PMID: 34494384 PMCID: PMC8710801 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
No approved therapies are available for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central regulator of cell metabolism; its activation has been suggested as a therapeutic approach to NASH. Here we aimed to fully characterize the potential for direct AMPK activation in preclinical models and to determine mechanisms that could contribute to efficacy for this disease. A novel small-molecule direct AMPK activator, PXL770, was used. Enzyme activity was measured with recombinant complexes. De novo lipogenesis (DNL) was quantitated in vivo and in mouse and human primary hepatocytes. Metabolic efficacy was assessed in ob/ob and high-fat diet-fed mice. Liver histology, biochemical measures, and immune cell profiling were assessed in diet-induced NASH mice. Direct effects on inflammation and fibrogenesis were assessed using primary mouse and human hepatic stellate cells, mouse adipose tissue explants, and human immune cells. PXL770 directly activated AMPK in vitro and reduced DNL in primary hepatocytes. In rodent models with metabolic syndrome, PXL770 improved glycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. In mice with NASH, PXL770 reduced hepatic steatosis, ballooning, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. PXL770 exhibited direct inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and activation of primary hepatic stellate cells. Conclusion: In rodent models, direct activation of AMPK is sufficient to produce improvements in all core components of NASH and to ameliorate related hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and systemic inflammation. Novel properties of direct AMPK activation were also unveiled: improved insulin resistance and direct suppression of inflammation and fibrogenesis. Given effects also documented in human cells (reduced DNL, suppression of inflammation and stellate cell activation), these studies support the potential for direct AMPK activation to effectively treat patients with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de ParisInstitut CochinCNRSINSERMParisFrance
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research and Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Battsetseg Batchuluun
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research and Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | | | - Joost M. Lambooij
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress GroupMedical Research CouncilLondon Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith HospitalImperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
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