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Garcia J, Oltean M, Rumbo C, Sharkey L, Kaufman SS, Ramos Boluda E, Gupte G, Martinez M, Moon J, Raghu V, Segovia MC, Sudan D, Talbotec C, Varkey J, Gondolesi GE, Mazariegos G, Venick R. Endoscopic Surveillance of the Intestinal Allograft: Recommendations From the Intestinal Rehabilitation and Transplant Association Working Group. Transplantation 2024; 108:827-835. [PMID: 37723639 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal transplant (ITx) rejection lacks a reliable noninvasive biomarker and rejection surveillance relies on serial endoscopies and mucosal biopsies followed by histologic assessment. Endoscopic biopsies are also essential for identifying other ITx-related complications such as infectious, allergic, and inflammatory graft enteritis as well as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease or graft versus host disease. In spite of its central role in ITx, published guidelines on endoscopy and biopsy are lacking and significant variability between centers in terms of timing and technical performance exists. Therefore, an international expert group convened and discussed several aspects related to the surveillance endoscopy after ITx with the aim to summarize and standardize its practice. This article summarizes these considerations on endoscopic ITx monitoring and highlights practices of surveillance and for-cause endoscopy, biopsy techniques, pathologic evaluation, potential risks and complications, outsourcing, and less-invasive monitoring techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Garcia
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL
| | - Mihai Oltean
- Sahlgrenska Intestinal Failure and Transplant Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carolina Rumbo
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lisa Sharkey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Intestinal Failure and Intestinal/Multivisceral Transplant, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Girish Gupte
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mercedes Martinez
- Center for Liver Disease and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jang Moon
- Recanati Miller Transplantation Institute, New York, NY
| | - Vikram Raghu
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Cécile Talbotec
- Pediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology-Nutrition, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jonas Varkey
- Sahlgrenska Intestinal Failure and Transplant Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - George Mazariegos
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Ko SJ, Kim JH, Bae J, Park JW, Lee BJ, Bu Y. Influence of Feeding Time on a Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug-induced Small Intestinal Injury Mouse Model. In Vivo 2024; 38:647-651. [PMID: 38418161 PMCID: PMC10905443 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the most widely used pharmaceuticals, induce various adverse effects, including gastrointestinal injuries, such as ulcers and bleeding. Animal models of NSAID-induced small intestinal injury (NSI) have been extensively employed for the development of preventive and therapeutic agents. However, some experimental variations related to feeding times have been observed following NSI induction. This study aimed to investigate the impact of feeding time on an NSI mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mice were divided into eight groups: normal, sham, and model groups (with feeding times of 2 h, 6 h, 10 h, 14 h, 18 h, and 22 h; n=10 in each group). The mice were fasted for 18 h before the injection of indomethacin (15 mg/kg, subcutaneously), except for the normal group. Food supply was halted at specific time points (2 h, 6 h, 10 h, 14 h, 18 h, and 22 h); however, the normal and sham groups were continuously fed throughout the experiment. The length of the small intestine was measured, and histological analysis was performed 24 h after induction. RESULTS Up to 14 h after induction, NSI, indicated by small intestine shortening, remained consistent, with a reduction in length of approximately 10-20%. However, feeding for more than 14 h significantly exacerbated NSI, both anatomically and histologically. CONCLUSION The ulcerative changes observed in the small intestine 14 h after indomethacin injection may be closely associated with the influence of food on NSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jae Ko
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School of Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Bae
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
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Zhong T, Zhang L, Tang W, Wu Y, Pan Y, Fu Y, Xu J, Cao Q, Jiang Z. Mucosal Architectural Change is an Important Feature in Distinguishing Crohn's Disease From Others in Terminal Ileum Ulcer Biopsy. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:75-82. [PMID: 37128682 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231171135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides Crohn's disease (CD), there are a variety of other causes that can also lead to ulcerations in the terminal ileum. The purpose of this study was to identify useful diagnostic features for CD when evaluating terminal ileum biopsies in patients with endoscopic finding of ulcers. METHODS Five hundred and seventy-one patients with endoscopic finding of ulcers were included in this retrospective study. Five main histological features were analysed, which were crypt irregularity, mucosal thickening, villous stromal widening (including villous atrophy), granulomas, and pseudopyloric gland metaplasia. Clinical and pathological features were determined by uni- and multivariable logistic regression. Then another independent cohort of 99 patients was established for verifying this nomogram. RESULTS The crypt irregularity, mucosal thickening, and villous stromal widening were combined to be considered as one new variable named mucosal architectural change which was an independent variable in diagnosing CD. We found that mucosal architectural change, age <40 years, the presence of granulomas, and the presence of pseudopyloric gland metaplasia were independent factors for the pathological diagnosis of CD. Then nomogram was developed, with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.927) in training sets, and ROC curve (AUC = 0.913) in validation sets. CONCLUSIONS We found mucosal architectural change is very helpful in distinguishing CD from non-CD patients. In the context of small biopsy which may lack full scope of changes, the model developed by combining these key features is valuable in predicting a diagnosis of CD, especially in younger patients (age <40 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wen Tang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanchuang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yipeng Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Fu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhinong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Matoba H, Iwaya M, Fujii C, Nakayama J. Identification of Terminal βGlcNAc on Brachyspira Species in Human Intestinal Spirochetosis. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:71-78. [PMID: 38189179 PMCID: PMC10851879 DOI: 10.1369/00221554231222963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal spirochetosis (HIS) is a colorectal bacterial infection caused by the Brachyspira species. Griffonia simplicifolia-II (GS-II) is a lectin specific to terminal α/βGlcNAc residues. Here, we investigated terminal βGlcNAc residues in the context of HIS infection using GS-II-horseradish peroxidase staining and HIK1083 immunostaining specific to terminal αGlcNAc residues. Fourteen of 15 HIS cases were GS-II-positive on the bacterial body. No cases showed HIK1083 positivity. The percentage of bacterial bodies staining positively for GS-II based on comparison with anti-Treponema immunostaining was ≤30% in seven cases, 30-70% in two, and >70% in six. Of 15 HIS cases analyzed, none were comorbid with tubular adenomas, and three were comorbid with sessile serrated lesions (SSLs). To determine the species of spirochete infected, the B. aalborgi-specific or B. pilosicoli-specific NADPH oxidase genes were amplified by PCR. After direct sequencing of the PCR products, all nine cases in which PCR products were observed were found to be infected with B. aalborgi alone. These results indicate that the HIS bacterial body, especially of B. aalborgi, is characterized by terminal βGlcNAc and also indicate that terminal βGlcNAc on the HIS bacterial body is associated with HIS preference for SSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Matoba
- Department of Infection and Host Defense (HM); Department of Molecular Pathology (HM, CF, JN); Center for Medical Education and Clinical Training (CF), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan (MI); Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan (CF); and Department of Pathology, North Alps Medical Center Azumi Hospital, Kitaazumi-gun, Japan (JN)
| | - Mai Iwaya
- Department of Infection and Host Defense (HM); Department of Molecular Pathology (HM, CF, JN); Center for Medical Education and Clinical Training (CF), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan (MI); Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan (CF); and Department of Pathology, North Alps Medical Center Azumi Hospital, Kitaazumi-gun, Japan (JN)
| | - Chifumi Fujii
- Department of Infection and Host Defense (HM); Department of Molecular Pathology (HM, CF, JN); Center for Medical Education and Clinical Training (CF), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan (MI); Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan (CF); and Department of Pathology, North Alps Medical Center Azumi Hospital, Kitaazumi-gun, Japan (JN)
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Infection and Host Defense (HM); Department of Molecular Pathology (HM, CF, JN); Center for Medical Education and Clinical Training (CF), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan (MI); Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan (CF); and Department of Pathology, North Alps Medical Center Azumi Hospital, Kitaazumi-gun, Japan (JN)
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Corredoira Sánchez J, Ayuso García B, Romay Lema EM, García-Pais MJ, Rodríguez-Macias AI, Capón González P, Otero López R, Rabuñal Rey R, Alonso García P. Streptococcus bovis infection of the central nervous system in adults: Report of 4 cases and literature review. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2024; 42:4-12. [PMID: 37076331 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical features, history and association with intestinal disease in central nervous system (CNS) S. bovis infections. METHODS Four cases of S. bovis CNS infections from our institution are presented. Additionally a systematic literature review of articles published between 1975 and 2021 in PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted. RESULTS 52 studies with 65 cases were found; five were excluded because of incomplete data. In total 64 cases were analyzed including our four cases: 55 with meningitis and 9 with intracranial focal infections. Both infections were frequently associated with underlying conditions (70.3%) such as immunosuppression (32.8%) or cancer (10.9%). In 23 cases a biotype was identified, with biotype II being the most frequent (69.6%) and S. pasteurianus the most common within this subgroup. Intestinal diseases were found in 60.9% of cases, most commonly neoplasms (41.0%) and Strongyloides infestation (30.8%). Overall mortality was 17.1%, with a higher rate in focal infection (44.4% vs 12.7%; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS CNS infections due to S. bovis are infrequent and the most common clinical form is meningitis. Compared with focal infections, meningitis had a more acute course, was less associated with endocarditis and had a lower mortality. Immunosuppression and intestinal disease were frequent in both infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rocio Otero López
- Neurosurgery Department, Universitary Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ramón Rabuñal Rey
- Infectious Disease Unit, Universitary Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pilar Alonso García
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Universitary Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
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Huang Y, Zhang P, Han S, He H. Lactoferrin Alleviates Inflammation and Regulates Gut Microbiota Composition in H5N1-Infected Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3362. [PMID: 37571299 PMCID: PMC10421285 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of lactoferrin, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with iron-binding properties, on the intestinal barrier and microflora of mice infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus remains unclear. To investigate the effects of lactoferrin on the histopathology and intestinal microecological environment, we conducted a study using H5N1-infected mice. H5N1 infection resulted in pulmonary and intestinal damage, as well as an imbalance in gut microbiota, significantly increasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter. The consumption of lactoferrin in the diet alleviated lung injury and restored the downregulation of the INAVA gene and intestinal dysfunction caused by H5N1 infection. Lactoferrin not only reduced lung and intestinal injury, but also alleviated inflammation and reversed the changes in intestinal microflora composition while increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Moreover, lactoferrin rebalanced the gut microbiota and partially restored intestinal homeostasis. This study demonstrated that lactoferrin exerts its effects on the intestinal tract, leading to improvements in gut microbiota and restoration of the integrity of both the intestinal wall and lung tissue. These findings support the notion that lactoferrin may be a promising candidate for systemic treatment of influenza by locally acting on the intestine and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Huang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peiyang Zhang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Espira LM, Lee GO, Baye K, Jones AD, Love NG, Eisenberg JNS. Stool biomarkers as measures of enteric pathogen infection in infants from Addis Ababa informal settlements. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011112. [PMID: 36809375 PMCID: PMC9983878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent enteric infections in children may be an important cause of growth faltering; however, we do not fully understand the mechanisms by which pathogen infections and the physiological responses to these infections result in poorer growth. Commonly used protein fecal biomarkers (anti-alpha trypsin, neopterin, and myeloperoxidase) provide broad immunological information on an inflammatory response; however, they do not provide information on non-immune processes (e.g., gut integrity) that may be important indicators of chronic end states such as environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). To explore how additional biomarkers will better inform which physiological pathways (both immune and non-immune) are impacted by pathogen exposure we added to the traditional panel of 3 protein fecal biomarkers 4 novel fecal mRNA transcript biomarkers (sucrase isomaltase, caudal homeobox 1, S100A8, and mucin 12) and analyzed stool samples from infants living in informal settlements in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. To test how this expanded biomarker panel captures distinct pathogen exposure processes we used two different scoring systems. First, we used a theory-based approach to assign each biomarker to specific physiological attributes based on prior understanding of each biomarker. Second, we used data reduction methods to categorize biomarkers and then assign physiological attributes to those categories. We used linear models to examine the association between the derived biomarker scores (based on mRNA and protein levels) and stool pathogen gene counts to determine pathogen specific effects on gut physiology and immune responses. Inflammation scores were positively associated with Shigella and enteropathogenic E.Coli (EPEC) infection, while gut integrity scores were negatively associated with Shigella, EPEC and, shigatoxigenic E.coli (STEC) infection. Our expanded panel of biomarkers hold promise as tools to measure systemic outcomes of enteric pathogen infection. mRNA biomarkers complement established protein biomarkers by providing important cell-specific physiological and immunological consequences of pathogen carriage that can lead to chronic end states such as EED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M. Espira
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gwenyth O. Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Rutgers Global Health Institute & Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public Health Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kaleab Baye
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Andrew D. Jones
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nancy G. Love
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Joseph N. S. Eisenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang Z, Wang Y, Wei M, Li S, Jia C, Cheng C, Al-Nusaif M, Zhang J, Liu C, Le W. Intrastriatal injection of Parkinson's disease intestine and vagus lysates initiates α-synucleinopathy in rat brain. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:4. [PMID: 36604420 PMCID: PMC9814765 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05531-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and the pathological accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain. A growing body of evidence suggests that the formation of misfolded α-syn and aggregation may begin in the peripheral nervous system, specifically the enteric nervous system, and then propagate to the central nervous system via the vagus nerve. However, the PD-like neuropathology induced by the intestine and vagus nerve extracts is rarely investigated. In this work, we injected lysates of the intestine and vagus obtained from a diagnosed PD patient, which contained abnormal α-syn aggregates, into the rat striatum unilaterally. Strikingly, such an injection induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-syn depositions in the striatum, substantia nigra, and other brain regions, including the frontal cortex, somatosensory cortex, hypothalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Moreover, significant activation of microglia and the development of astrogliosis were observed in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the injected rats. These findings provide essential information for our understanding of PD pathogenesis, as we established for the first time that the α-syn aggregates in the intestine and vagus of a PD patient were sufficient to induce prion-like propagation of endogenous α-syn pathology in wild-type rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Min Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Congcong Jia
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Nobre LMS, da Silva Lopes MH, Geraix J, Cajado AG, Silva JMR, Ribeiro LR, Freire RS, Cavalcante DIM, Wong DVT, Alves APNN, Lima-Júnior RCP. Paraprobiotic Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 prevents the development of irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Life Sci 2022; 296:120445. [PMID: 35245522 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study tested the protective effect of purified paraprobiotic Enterococcus faecalis (EC-12) and an E. faecalis-based formulation (Med LanS) on irinotecan-induced intestinal mucositis murine model. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6 male mice received saline, irinotecan (75 mg/Kg, i.p.), EC-12 (0.3, 1, or 3 × 107 CFU/Kg, p.o.) + irinotecan or Med Lan-S (3 × 107 CFU/Kg, p.o.) + irinotecan. Body mass variation was assessed daily, and blood samples were collected for evaluating bacteremia and leukocyte count. The ileum was harvested for myeloperoxidase assay, histopathology, quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence for macrophages (F4/80), TLR4, and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). KEY FINDINGS The best therapeutic strategy was EC-12 administration at 3 × 107 CFU/Kg, starting 1 week before irinotecan. EC-12 and Med Lan-S did not prevent the irinotecan-induced body mass loss or leukopenia but attenuated the neutrophil infiltration in the intestine and increased the villus/crypt ratio (P < 0.05). Additionally, EC-12 and Med Lan-S reduced the mRNA expression of Cldn-2, Ocln, and Tlr4 versus the irinotecan group (P < 0.05). Irinotecan also augmented the expression of Il-18, IL-18BP, the immunofluorescence of F4/80, and TLR4, while only EC-12 prevented the expression of all these markers. Remarkably, EC-12 and Med Lan inhibited the irinotecan-induced bacterial translocation to the blood. SIGNIFICANCE Paraprobiotic E. faecalis EC-12 prevents the development of intestinal mucositis by downregulating the inflammatory response. Med Lan-S also protects from mucositis. Possibly, the complexity of the formulation accounts for an innate immune-driven protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Maria Soares Nobre
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marina Helena da Silva Lopes
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Juliana Geraix
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Aurilene Gomes Cajado
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jussara Matyelle Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lyanna Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Diane Isabelle Magno Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Deysi Viviana Tenazoa Wong
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberto César Pereira Lima-Júnior
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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10
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Carretero C. Small bowel Crohn's disease: optimal modality for diagnosis and monitoring. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2022; 38:292-298. [PMID: 35220334 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper reviews different imaging options for small bowel (SB) Crohn's disease (CD) patients. RECENT FINDINGS In total, 80% of patients suffering from CD have SB involvement, being the exclusive manifestation in 30% of cases. As the proximal disease is related to poor response to treatment, a higher rate of stenosis and a greater need for surgical treatment, a SB assessment should be performed. This evaluation should be done not only once the disease has been diagnosed but periodically. The former to determine the extent of the disease, and the latter according to a treat-to-target strategy. Available techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, intestinal ultrasound and capsule endoscopy (CE) have shown good accuracy parameters in CD patients. Cross-sectional studies are superior for penetrating and stricturing disease, whereas CE is excellent for proximal involvement and mucosal healing. Local expertise and availability may lead the election between techniques, nevertheless, they should not be considered as competitors but as complementary tools. SUMMARY SB involvement in CD patients is frequent and related to poorer outcomes. Hence, SB evaluation should be screened after diagnosis and routinely during the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carretero
- Gastroenterology Department, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
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11
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Xu B, Qin W, Xu Y, Yang W, Chen Y, Huang J, Zhao J, Ma L. Dietary Quercetin Supplementation Attenuates Diarrhea and Intestinal Damage by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Weanling Piglets. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:6221012. [PMID: 34950418 PMCID: PMC8689231 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6221012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant polyphenols from plants are potential dietary supplementation to alleviate early weaning-induced intestinal disorders in piglets. Recent evidences showed polyphenol quercetin could reshape gut microbiota when it functioned as anti-inflammation or antioxidation agents in rodent models. However, the effect of dietary quercetin supplementation on intestinal disorders and gut microbiota of weanling piglets, along with the role of gut microbiota in this effect, both remain unclear. Here, we determined the quercetin's effect on attenuating diarrhea, intestinal damage, and redox imbalance, as well as the role of gut microbiota by transferring the quercetin-treated fecal microbiota to the recipient piglets. The results showed that dietary quercetin supplementation decreased piglets' fecal scores improved intestinal damage by increasing tight junction protein occludin, villus height, and villus height/crypt depth ratio but decreased crypt depth and intestinal epithelial apoptosis (TUNEL staining). Quercetin also increased antioxidant capacity indices, including total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and glutathione/oxidized glutathione disulfide but decreased oxidative metabolite malondialdehyde in the jejunum tissue. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from quercetin-treated piglets had comparable effects on improving intestinal damage and antioxidative capacity than dietary quercetin supplementation. Further analysis of gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing showed that dietary quercetin supplementation or FMT shifted the structure and increased the diversity of gut microbiota. Especially, anaerobic trait and carbohydrate metabolism functions of gut microbiota were enriched after dietary quercetin supplementation and FMT, which may owe to the increased antioxidative capacity of intestine. Quercetin increased the relative abundances of Fibrobacteres, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium celatum, and Prevotella copri but decreased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Lactobacillus coleohominis, and Ruminococcus bromii. Besides, quercetin-shifted bacteria and carbohydrate metabolites short chain fatty acids were significantly related to the indices of antioxidant capacity and intestinal integrity. Overall, dietary quercetin supplementation attenuated diarrhea and intestinal damage by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and regulating gut microbial structure and metabolism in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyang Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Wenxia Qin
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Yunzheng Xu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Juncheng Huang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
| | - Libao Ma
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety Technology, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, China
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12
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Leung V, Baldini G, Liberman S, Charlebois P, Stein B, Fiore JF, Feldman LS, Lee L. Trajectory of gastrointestinal function after laparoscopic colorectal surgery within an enhanced recovery pathway. Surgery 2021; 171:607-614. [PMID: 34844751 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification of colorectal surgery patients predicted to have uneventful gastrointestinal recovery may allow for early discharge. Our objective was to identify trajectories of gastrointestinal recovery within a colorectal surgery enhanced recovery pathway. METHODS Data from 2 prospective studies enrolling adult patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal resection at a specialist colorectal referral center were analyzed (2013-2019). All patients were managed according to a mature enhanced recovery pathway with a 3-day target length of stay. Postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms were collected daily and expressed using the validated I-FEED score. Latent-class growth curve (trajectory) analysis was used to identify different I-FEED trajectories over the first 3 postoperative days. RESULTS A total of 192 patients were analyzed. Trajectory analysis identified 3 distinct trajectories: trajectory 1 had no gastrointestinal symptoms (41%); trajectory 2 had mild early symptoms with improvement over time (48%); and trajectory 3 had gastrointestinal symptoms that significantly worsened between postoperative days 1 and 2 (11%). I-FEED score ≤1 on postoperative day 1 predicted trajectory 1. Trajectory 1 had the best clinical outcomes, whereas trajectory 3 had the worst. CONCLUSION I-FEED trajectory over postoperative days 1-3 was associated with clinical outcomes and may be used to predict gastrointestinal recovery. Findings from this study may inform clinical decision making regarding early hospital discharge within colorectal enhanced recovery pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Leung
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - Gabriele Baldini
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Department of Anaesthesia, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - Sender Liberman
- Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - Patrick Charlebois
- Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - Barry Stein
- Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - Julio F Fiore
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - Liane S Feldman
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - Lawrence Lee
- Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC; Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC.
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13
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Jardou M, Provost Q, Brossier C, Pinault É, Sauvage FL, Lawson R. Alteration of the gut microbiome in mycophenolate-induced enteropathy: impacts on the profile of short-chain fatty acids in a mouse model. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:66. [PMID: 34711288 PMCID: PMC8555345 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the most widely used immunosuppressive drug in transplantation and for autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, more than 30% of patients experience a typical gastrointestinal adverse effect also referred to as mycophenolate-induced enteropathy. Due to its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, MPA exposure is associated with intestinal dysbiosis characterized by a decrease in density and diversity of the microbiome regarding the main bacterial phyla (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes). These bacterial phyla are known for their metabolic role in maintaining the homeostasis of the digestive tract, particularly through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) that could contribute to the pathophysiology of mycophenolate-induced enteropathy. Our study aimed at deciphering short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profile alterations associated with gastrointestinal toxicity of MPA at the digestive and systemic levels in a mouse model. METHODS Ten-week old C57BL/6 (SOPF) mice were randomly assigned in 2 groups of 9 subjects: control, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 900 mg/kg/day). All mice were daily treated by oral gavage for 7 days. Individual faecal pellets were collected at days 0, 4 and 8 as well as plasma at day 8 for SCFA profiling. Additionally, after the sacrifice on day 8, the caecum was weighted, and colon length was measured. The proximal colon was cut for histological analysis. RESULTS MMF treatment induced around 10% weight loss at the end of the protocol associated with a significant decrease in caecum weight and a slight reduction in colon length. Histological analysis showed significant architectural changes in colon epithelium. Moreover, we observed an overall decrease in SCFA concentrations in faecal samples, especially regarding acetate (at day 8, control 1040.6 ± 278.161 μM versus MMF 384.7 ± 80.5 μM, p < 0.01) and propionate (at day 8, control 185.94 ± 51.96 μM versus MMF 44.07 ± 14.66 μM, p < 0.001), and in plasma samples for butyrate (at day 8, control 0.91 ± 0.1 μM versus MMF 0.46 ± 0.1 μM, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with functional impairment of the gut microbiome linked with digestive or systemic defects during MMF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Jardou
- Univ. Limoges, Inserm U1248, IPPRITT, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Quentin Provost
- Univ. Limoges, Inserm U1248, IPPRITT, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | | | - Émilie Pinault
- Univ. Limoges, Inserm U1248, IPPRITT, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | | | - Roland Lawson
- Univ. Limoges, Inserm U1248, IPPRITT, F-87000 Limoges, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
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14
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Bray-Beraldo F, Pellino G, Ribeiro MAF, Pereira AMG, Lopes RGC, Mabrouk M, Di Saverio S. Evaluation of Bowel Function After Surgical Treatment for Intestinal Endometriosis: A Prospective Study. Dis Colon Rectum 2021; 64:1267-1275. [PMID: 34133393 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defecation symptoms related to intestinal deep infiltrative endometriosis are caused by anatomical and functional disorders and are probably linked to the course of the disease and surgical treatment. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to assess bowel function before and after intestinal deep infiltrative endometriosis surgery. Secondarily, we sought to correlate defecatory symptoms with preoperative risk factors. DESIGN/SETTINGS This is a single-center prospective cohort study, using the low anterior resection syndrome score to evaluate bowel function 4 weeks before, as well as at 6 months and 1 year after surgery. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic multiple regression analyses were performed to compare preoperative and postoperative scores. The level of significance was set at <0.05 for all comparisons. PATIENTS Thirty-seven adult female patients who underwent intestinal resection for deep infiltrative endometriosis between 2015 and 2017 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was bowel function appraisement in deep infiltrative endometriosis intestinal surgery. RESULTS During the preoperative evaluation, 48.6% of patients reported low anterior resection syndrome score ≥21. This group presented a mean score of 17.9 ± 13.7, with a median of 20 and a range of 5 to 30. After 1 year, the mean score was decreased to 9.6 ± 11.1, with a median of 4 and a range of 0 to 22. A significant difference was detected when comparing the post- and preoperative scores (p = 0.0006). Improvements in defecatory symptoms such as reduced fecal incontinence for flatus (p = 0.004) and liquid stools (p = 0.014) were also reported. The clustering of stools (p = 0.005) and fecal urgency (p = 0.001) also improved 1 year after surgery. The preoperative multiple logistic regression showed that dyschezia was the only independent variable associated with bowel symptoms. LIMITATIONS This is a well-documented prospective study, but the data presented have a relatively small population. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that intestinal deep infiltrative endometriosis surgery improves bowel function and has a positive impact on evacuation symptoms. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B534. EVALUACIN DE LA FUNCIN INTESTINAL DESPUS DEL TRATAMIENTO QUIRRGICO PARA LA ENDOMETRIOSIS INTESTINAL UN ESTUDIO PROSPECTIVO ANTECEDENTES:Se considera que los síntomas defecatorios relacionados con la endometriosis intestinal infiltrativa profunda, son causados por trastornos anatómicos y funcionales, y probablemente estén relacionados con el curso de la enfermedad y tratamiento quirúrgico.OBJETIVO:El objetivo principal fue evaluar la función intestinal antes y después de la cirugía por endometriosis intestinal infiltrativa profunda. En segundo lugar, correlacionar los síntomas defecatorios con los factores de riesgo preoperatorios.DISEÑO / AJUSTES:Es un estudio de cohorte prospectivo de un solo centro, utilizando la puntuación del síndrome de resección anterior baja (LARS Score) para evaluar la función intestinal 4 semanas antes, 6 meses y un año después de la cirugía. Se realizaron pruebas de rango firmado de Wilcoxon y análisis de regresión logística múltiple para comparar puntuaciones preoperatorias y postoperatorias. Para todas las comparaciones, el nivel de significancia se estableció en <0.05.ENTORNO CLINICO:Se incluyeron 37 mujeres adultas sometidas a resección intestinal por endometriosis infiltrativa profunda entre 2015 y 2017.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE VALORACION:El resultado principal, fue la evaluación de la función intestinal en cirugía de endometriosis infiltrativa profunda intestinal.RESULTADOS:Durante la evaluación preoperatoria, el 48,6% de los pacientes reportaron Síndrome de Resección Anterior Baja ≥ 21. Este grupo presentó una puntuación media de 17,9 ± 13,7, con una mediana de 20 y un rango de 5 a 30. Después de un año, la puntuación media se redujo a 9,6 ± 11,1, con una mediana de 4 y un rango de 0 a 22 Se detectó una diferencia significativa al comparar las puntuaciones postoperatorias y preoperatorias (p = 0,0006). Se informó de mejoras en los síntomas defecatorios como la reducción de la incontinencia fecal por flatos (p = 0,004) y heces líquidas (p = 0,014). La agrupación de heces (p = 0,005) y la urgencia fecal (p = 0,001) presentaron mejoría a un año después de la cirugía. La regresión logística múltiple preoperatoria mostró que la disquecia fue la única variable independiente asociada con los síntomas intestinales.LIMITACIONES:A pesar de que es un estudio prospectivo bien documentado, los datos presentados son de una población relativamente pequeña.CONCLUSIONES:El estudio proporciona evidencia de que la cirugía intestinal por endometriosis infiltrativa profunda, mejora la función intestinal y tiene un impacto positivo en los síntomas de evacuación. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B534.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bray-Beraldo
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Coloproctology, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Coloproctology, Hospital Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gianluca Pellino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università Studi della Campania "Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Colorectal Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle Ribeiro
- Catholic University of São Paulo PUC Sorocaba and Post Graduation Program, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Gomes Pereira
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mohamed Mabrouk
- Cambridge Endometriosis & Endoscopic Surgery Unit (CEESU) and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Salomone Di Saverio
- Cambridge Endometriosis & Endoscopic Surgery Unit (CEESU) and Cambridge Colorectal Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of General Surgery, University of Insubria, University Hospital of Varese, ASST Sette Laghi, Regione Lombardia, Italy
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15
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Beukema M, Jermendi É, Koster T, Kitaguchi K, de Haan BJ, van den Berg MA, Faas MM, Schols HA, de Vos P. Attenuation of Doxorubicin-Induced Small Intestinal Mucositis by Pectins is Dependent on Pectin's Methyl-Ester Number and Distribution. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100222. [PMID: 34268870 PMCID: PMC8519125 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intestinal mucositis is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, which is characterized by severe Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-mediated inflammation. The dietary fiber pectin is shown to prevent this intestinal inflammation through direct inhibition of TLR2 in a microbiota-independent manner. Recent in vitro studies show that inhibition of TLR2 is determined by the number and distribution of methyl-esters of pectins. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and the degree of blockiness (DB) of pectins determine attenuating efficacy on doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis. METHODS AND RESULTS Four structurally different pectins that differed in DM and DB are tested on inhibitory effects on murine TLR2 in vitro, and on doxorubicin-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. These data demonstrate that low DM pectins or intermediate DM pectins with high DB have the strongest inhibitory impact on murine TLR2-1 and the strongest attenuating effect on TLR2-induced apoptosis and peritonitis. Intermediate DM pectin with a low DB is, however, also effective in preventing the induction of doxorubicin-induced intestinal damage. CONCLUSION These pectin structures with stronger TLR2-inhibiting properties may prevent the development of doxorubicin-induced intestinal damage in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment with doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beukema
- Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1, 9713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Éva Jermendi
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen UniversityBornse Weilanden 9, WageningenWG6708The Netherlands
| | - Taco Koster
- Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1, 9713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kohji Kitaguchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu University1‐1 YanagidoGifu City501‐1193Japan
| | - Bart J. de Haan
- Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1, 9713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Marijke M. Faas
- Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1, 9713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen UniversityBornse Weilanden 9, WageningenWG6708The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology, Medical Biology and Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenHanzeplein 1, 9713 GZGroningenThe Netherlands
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Sun K, He Q, Zhu L, Abula G, Zhao J, Chen X. Multiple small intestinal ulcers with SLCO2A1 and PLA2G4A mutation in a Chinese patient. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:1062-1064. [PMID: 34052181 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qijin He
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lanping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Gulisitan Abula
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Chen Z, Wu Y, Wang B, Fang J, Gan C, Sang C, Dun Z, Luosang T, Wang Q, Zeren D, Xiong T. Intrahepatic cholestasis induced by α-naphthylisothiocyanate can cause gut-liver axis disorders. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 86:103672. [PMID: 33989784 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that Intrahepatic cholestasis is closely related to intestinal injury. The gut-liver axis theory suggests that the intestine and liver are closely related, and that bile acids are important mediators linking the intestine and liver. We compared two cholestasis models: a single injection model that received a single subcutaneous ANIT injection (75 mg/kg), and a multiple subcutaneous injection model that received an injection of ANIT (50 mg/kg) every other day for 2 weeks. We used Transmetil (ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate) to relieve intrahepatic cholestasis in the multiple injection group. In the multiple injection group, we found increased hepatic bile duct hyperplasia, increased fibrosis of the liver, increased small intestine inflammation and oxidative damage, increased harmful bile acids, decreased bile acids transporter levels. After treatment with Transmetil, the liver and gut injuries were relieved. These results suggest that intrahepatic cholestasis can cause disorders of the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuhuan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bixia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiamin Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Changlian Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanlan Sang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhu Dun
- Research Department, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Tajie Luosang
- Research Department, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dawa Zeren
- Research Department, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, 850000, China.
| | - Tianqin Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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18
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Jamil Z, Iqbal NT, Idress R, Ahmed Z, Sadiq K, Mallawaarachchi I, Iqbal J, Syed S, Hotwani A, Kabir F, Ahmed K, Ahmed S, Umrani F, Ma JZ, Aziz F, Kalam A, Moore SR, Ali SA. Gut integrity and duodenal enteropathogen burden in undernourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009584. [PMID: 34264936 PMCID: PMC8352064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a subclinical condition of intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction and malabsorption associated with growth faltering in children living in poverty. This study explores association of altered duodenal permeability (lactulose, rhamnose and their ratio) with higher burden of enteropathogen in the duodenal aspirate, altered histopathological findings and higher morbidity (diarrhea) that is collectively associated with linear growth faltering in children living in EED endemic setting. In a longitudinal birth cohort, 51 controls (WHZ > 0, HAZ > −1.0) and 63 cases (WHZ< -2.0, refractory to nutritional intervention) were recruited. Anthropometry and morbidity were recorded on monthly bases up to 24 months of age. Dual sugar assay of urine collected after oral administration of lactulose and rhamnose was assessed in 96 children from both the groups. Duodenal histopathology (n = 63) and enteropathogen analysis of aspirate via Taqman array card (n = 60) was assessed in only cases. Giardia was the most frequent pathogen and was associated with raised L:R ratio (p = 0.068). Gastric microscopy was more sensitive than duodenal aspirate in H. pylori detection. Microscopically confirmed H. pylori negatively correlated with HAZ at 24 months (r = −0.313, p = 0.013). Regarding histopathological parameters, goblet cell reduction significantly correlated with decline in dual sugar excretion (p< 0.05). Between cases and controls, there were no significant differences in the median (25th, 75th percentile) of urinary concentrations (μg/ml) of lactulose [27.0 (11.50, 59.50) for cases vs. 38.0 (12.0, 61.0) for controls], rhamnose [66.0 (28.0, 178.0) vs. 86.5 (29.5, 190.5)] and L:R ratio [0.47 (0.24, 0.90) vs. 0.51 (0.31, 0.71)] respectively. In multivariable regression model, 31% of variability in HAZ at 24 months of age among cases and controls was explained by final model including dual sugars. In conclusion, enteropathogen burden is associated with altered histopathological features and intestinal permeability. In cases and controls living in settings of endemic enteropathy, intestinal permeability test may predict linear growth. However, for adoption as a screening tool for EED, further validation is required due to its complex intestinal pathophysiology. EED is a subclinical condition of compromised gut integrity secondary to frequent and repeated exposure to enteropathogens in global settings with a high prevalence of undernutrition. In this study, we reported association of gut mucosal architecture with a dual sugar intestinal permeability assay (lactulose-rhamnose) in Pakistani children. In the presence of duodenal enteropathogens, features such as chronic inflammation, intra-epithelial lymphocytosis, enterocyte injury and Paneth cell reduction were consistently observed. When comparing undernourished cases and controls living in the same setting, we found urinary excretion of the sugars was similar among groups; however, variability in HAZ among children at 24 months was partially explained by a model that includes excretion values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Jamil
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najeeha Talat Iqbal
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Romana Idress
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Sadiq
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Indika Mallawaarachchi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Syed
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Aneeta Hotwani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Kabir
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kumail Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fayaz Umrani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jennie Z. Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fatima Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adil Kalam
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sean R. Moore
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SRM); (SAA)
| | - Syed Asad Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (SRM); (SAA)
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Li H, Jiang M, Zhao SY, Zhang SQ, Lu L, He X, Feng GX, Wu X, Fan SJ. Exosomes are involved in total body irradiation-induced intestinal injury in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1111-1123. [PMID: 33637947 PMCID: PMC8209125 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation-induced intestinal injury is a catastrophic complication in patients receiving radiotherapy. Circulating exosomes from patients undergoing radiotherapy can mediate communication between cells and facilitate a variety of pathological processes in vivo, but its effects on ionizing radiation-induced intestinal damage are undetermined. In this study we investigated the roles of exosomes during total body irradiation (TBI)-induced intestinal injury in vivo and in vitro. We isolated exosomes from serum of donor mice 24 h after lethal dose (9 Gy) TBI (Exo-IR-24h), then intravenously injected the exosomes into receipt mice, and found that Exo-IR-24h injection not only exacerbated 9 Gy TBI-induced lethality and weight loss, but also promoted crypt-villus structural and functional injury of the small intestine in receipt mice. Moreover, Exo-IR-24h injection significantly enhanced the apoptosis and DNA damage of small intestine in receipt mice following TBI exposure. In murine intestinal epithelial MODE-K cells, treatment with Exo-IR-24h significantly promoted 4 Gy ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis, resulting in decreased cell vitality. We further demonstrated that Exo-IR-24h promoted the IR-induced injury in receipt mice partially through its DNA damage-promoting effects and attenuating Nrf2 antioxidant response in irradiated MODE-K cells. In addition, TBI-related miRNAs and their targets in the exosomes of mice were enriched functionally using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Finally, injection of GW4869 (an inhibitor of exosome biogenesis and release, 1.25 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip, for 5 consecutive days starting 3 days before radiation exposure) was able to rescue mice against 9 Gy TBI-induced lethality and intestinal damage. Collectively, this study reveals that exosomes are involved in TBI-induced intestinal injury in mice and provides a new target to protect patients against irradiation-induced intestinal injury during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Mian Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Shu-Ya Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Shu-Qin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Guo-Xing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Sai-Jun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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20
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Smedsrud PH, Thambawita V, Hicks SA, Gjestang H, Nedrejord OO, Næss E, Borgli H, Jha D, Berstad TJD, Eskeland SL, Lux M, Espeland H, Petlund A, Nguyen DTD, Garcia-Ceja E, Johansen D, Schmidt PT, Toth E, Hammer HL, de Lange T, Riegler MA, Halvorsen P. Kvasir-Capsule, a video capsule endoscopy dataset. Sci Data 2021; 8:142. [PMID: 34045470 PMCID: PMC8160146 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is predicted to have profound effects on the future of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) technology. The potential lies in improving anomaly detection while reducing manual labour. Existing work demonstrates the promising benefits of AI-based computer-assisted diagnosis systems for VCE. They also show great potential for improvements to achieve even better results. Also, medical data is often sparse and unavailable to the research community, and qualified medical personnel rarely have time for the tedious labelling work. We present Kvasir-Capsule, a large VCE dataset collected from examinations at a Norwegian Hospital. Kvasir-Capsule consists of 117 videos which can be used to extract a total of 4,741,504 image frames. We have labelled and medically verified 47,238 frames with a bounding box around findings from 14 different classes. In addition to these labelled images, there are 4,694,266 unlabelled frames included in the dataset. The Kvasir-Capsule dataset can play a valuable role in developing better algorithms in order to reach true potential of VCE technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia H Smedsrud
- SimulaMet, Oslo, Norway.
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Augere Medical AS, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Steven A Hicks
- SimulaMet, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Espen Næss
- SimulaMet, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Borgli
- SimulaMet, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Debesh Jha
- SimulaMet, Oslo, Norway
- UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dag Johansen
- UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter T Schmidt
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Solna, Sweden
- Ersta Hospital, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ervin Toth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hugo L Hammer
- SimulaMet, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas de Lange
- Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Gjettum, Norway
- Augere Medical AS, Oslo, Norway
- Medical Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Mölndal Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Pål Halvorsen
- SimulaMet, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Li N, Ouyang Y, Xu X, Yuan Z, Liu C, Zhu Z. MiR-155 promotes colitis-associated intestinal fibrosis by targeting HBP1/Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4765-4775. [PMID: 33769664 PMCID: PMC8107084 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is the most common complication of Crohn's disease (CD) that is one major disorder of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the precise mechanism remains unclear. MiR-155 has been involved in fibrotic diseases. Here, we determined the role of miR-155 in regulating intestinal fibrosis. MiR-155 levels were significantly up-regulated in CD patients with intestinal stricture CD. The overexpression of miR-155 significantly aggravated TNBS-induced CD-associated intestinal fibrosis. Mechanistically, we identified that HBP1, a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, is a direct target of miR-155. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that the miR-155/HBP1 axis activates Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway to induce intestinal fibrosis. Taken together, we demonstrated that miR-155 directly targets HBP1 to induce CD-associated intestinal fibrosis via Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianshuang Li
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Institute of Digestive DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yaobin Ouyang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xinbo Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Zhenxiang Yuan
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Chunquan Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Institute of Digestive DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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22
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Abdalla-Ribeiro H, Maekawa MM, Lima RF, de Nicola ALA, Rodrigues FCM, Ribeiro PA. Intestinal endometriotic nodules with a length greater than 2.25 cm and affecting more than 27% of the circumference are more likely to undergo segmental resection, rather than linear nodulectomy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247654. [PMID: 33857130 PMCID: PMC8049285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Study objective To analyze the efficacy of intestinal ultrasonography with bowel preparation (TVUSBP) for endometriosis mapping in evaluating intestinal endometriosis to choose the surgical technique (segmental resection or linear nodulectomy) for treatment. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting University Hospital—Center for Advanced Endoscopic Gynecologic Surgery from April 2010 to November 2014. Patient(s) One hundred and eleven women with clinically suspected endometriosis and intestinal endometriotic nodule or intestinal adherence in TVUSBP for endometriosis mapping. Intervention(s) All patients with suspected endometriosis underwent TVUSBP for endometriosis mapping prior to videolaparoscopy for complete excision of endometriosis foci, including intestinal foci, using the linear nodulectomy or segmental resection techniques, depending on the characteristics of the intestinal lesion with confirmation of endometriosis on anatomopathological examination. Measurements and main results Preoperative ultrasonographic assessment of the length of the intestinal nodule, circumference of the intestinal loop affected by the endometriotic lesion, distance from the anal verge and intestinal wall layers infiltrated by endometriosis, as well as other endometriosis sites. Of the 111 patients who participated in the study, 63 (56.7%) presented intestinal endometriotic nodules in ultrasonography, performed by a single examiner (A.L.A.N.), and underwent intestinal surgical treatment of deep endometriosis—linear nodulectomy or segmental resection. The analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that a longitudinal length of the intestinal nodule of 2.25 cm and a loop circumference of 27% are cutoff points separating linear nodulectomy from segmental resection techniques for excising intestinal endometriosis. The information obtained by TVUSBP helps the surgeon and patient, in the preoperative period, to select the surgical technique to be performed for resection of intestinal endometriosis and plan the surgical procedure while taking into account postoperative morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helizabet Abdalla-Ribeiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Santa Casa de de Misericórdia São Paulo, Sector of Gynecological Endoscopy and Endometriosis at Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medical Science of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Miyuki Maekawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Santa Casa de de Misericórdia São Paulo, Sector of Gynecological Endoscopy and Endometriosis at Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Raquel Ferreira Lima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Santa Casa de de Misericórdia São Paulo, Sector of Gynecological Endoscopy and Endometriosis at Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Alencar de Nicola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Santa Casa de de Misericórdia São Paulo, Sector of Gynecological Endoscopy and Endometriosis at Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Cesar Martins Rodrigues
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Santa Casa de de Misericórdia São Paulo, Sector of Gynecological Endoscopy and Endometriosis at Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ayroza Ribeiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Santa Casa de de Misericórdia São Paulo, Sector of Gynecological Endoscopy and Endometriosis at Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medical Science of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Zou YT, Zhou J, Wu CY, Zhang W, Shen H, Xu JD, Zhang YQ, Long F, Li SL. Protective effects of Poria cocos and its components against cisplatin-induced intestinal injury. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 269:113722. [PMID: 33352240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Poria) is a well-known traditional medicinal fungus. It has been considered to possess spleen-invigorating (Jianpi) effects in traditional Chinese medicine, and is used clinically to treat spleen deficiency (Pixu) with symptoms of intestinal disorders such as diarrhea, indigestion, mucositis and weight loss. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY To investigate the protective effects of Poria and its three component fractions (Water-soluble polysaccharides, WP; alkali-soluble polysaccharides, AP; triterpene acids, TA) on cisplatin-induced intestinal injury and explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with Poria powder (PP), WP, AP and TA by oral gavage respectively for 13 days, and intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg of cisplatin on day 10 to conduct a cisplatin-induced intestinal injury model. Pathological changes of ileum and colon were examined using H&E staining. The composition of gut microbiota and the alteration of host metabolites were characterized by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based untargeted metabolomics analysis. RESULTS PP and WP attenuated the cisplatin-induced ileum and colon injury, and WP alleviated the weight loss and reversed the elevation of IL-2, IL-6 in serum. Both PP and WP could mitigate cisplatin-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota, in particular PP and WP decreased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria including Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Ruminococcaceae and Helicobacteraceae, while WP promoted the abundance of probiotics, such as Erysipelotrichaceae and Prevotellaceae. Moreover, WP attenuated the cisplatin-induced alteration of metabolic profiles. The levels of potential biomarkers, including xanthine, L-tyrosine, uridine, hypoxanthine, butyrylcarnitine, lysoPC (18:0), linoleic acid, (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid, D-ribose, thiamine monophosphate, indolelactic acid and plamitic acid, showed significant correlations with intestinal flora. CONCLUSIONS PP and WP possess protective effects against cisplatin-induced intestinal injury via potentially regulating the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ting Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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24
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Yu M, Wu H, Wang J, Chen X, Pan J, Liu P, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhu W, Tang C, Jin Q, Li C, Lu C, Zeng H, Yu C, Sun J. Vitamin D receptor inhibits EMT via regulation of the epithelial mitochondrial function in intestinal fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100531. [PMID: 33713706 PMCID: PMC8054199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a crucial role in acute inflammatory bowel disease and that intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of Crohn's disease (CD). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important hallmark of fibrogenesis through which epithelial cells lose their epithelial phenotype and transform into mesenchymal cells. It is known that the VDR plays an essential role in epithelial integrity and mitochondrial function, but its role in intestinal fibrosis remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether the VDR is involved in epithelial mitochondrial dysfunction that results in EMT in intestinal fibrosis. Using human CD samples, intestine-specific VDR-KO mice, and fibroblast cellular models, we showed that the expression of the VDR was significantly lower in intestinal stenotic areas than in nonstenotic areas in patients with chronic CD. Genetic deletion of the VDR in the intestinal epithelium exacerbated intestinal fibrosis in mice administered with dextran sulfate sodium or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, two experimental colitis inducers. In addition, we found that vitamin D dietary intervention regulated intestinal fibrosis by modulating the intestinal expression of the VDR. Mechanistically, knocking down the VDR in both CCD-18Co cells and human primary colonic fibroblasts promoted fibroblast activation, whereas VDR overexpression or VDR agonist administration inhibited fibroblast activation. Further analysis illustrated that the VDR inhibited EMT in the HT29 cell model and that mitochondrial dysfunction mediated epithelial integrity and barrier function in VDR-deficient epithelial cells. Together, our data for the first time demonstrate that VDR activation alleviates intestinal fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast activation and epithelial mitochondria-mediated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peihao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yishu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Williams K, Segard A, Graf GA. Sitosterolemia: Twenty Years of Discovery of the Function of ABCG5ABCG8. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2641. [PMID: 33807969 PMCID: PMC7961684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sitosterolemia is a lipid disorder characterized by the accumulation of dietary xenosterols in plasma and tissues caused by mutations in either ABCG5 or ABCG8. ABCG5 ABCG8 encodes a pair of ABC half transporters that form a heterodimer (G5G8), which then traffics to the surface of hepatocytes and enterocytes and promotes the secretion of cholesterol and xenosterols into the bile and the intestinal lumen. We review the literature from the initial description of the disease, the discovery of its genetic basis, current therapy, and what has been learned from animal, cellular, and molecular investigations of the transporter in the twenty years since its discovery. The genomic era has revealed that there are far more carriers of loss of function mutations and likely pathogenic variants of ABCG5 ABCG8 than previously thought. The impact of these variants on G5G8 structure and activity are largely unknown. We propose a classification system for ABCG5 ABCG8 mutants based on previously published systems for diseases caused by defects in ABC transporters. This system establishes a framework for the comprehensive analysis of disease-associated variants and their impact on G5G8 structure-function.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/history
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/history
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/metabolism
- Animals
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Enterocytes/metabolism
- Enterocytes/pathology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Hypercholesterolemia/genetics
- Hypercholesterolemia/history
- Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism
- Hypercholesterolemia/pathology
- Intestinal Diseases/genetics
- Intestinal Diseases/history
- Intestinal Diseases/metabolism
- Intestinal Diseases/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/history
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/pathology
- Lipoproteins/genetics
- Lipoproteins/history
- Lipoproteins/metabolism
- Mutation
- Phytosterols/adverse effects
- Phytosterols/genetics
- Phytosterols/history
- Phytosterols/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kori Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (K.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Allison Segard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (K.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Gregory A. Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (K.W.); (A.S.)
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients who are critically ill with COVID-19, multiple extrapulmonary manifestations of the disease have been observed, including gastrointestinal manifestations. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of a 65 year old man with severe COVID-19 pneumonia that developed hypercoagulation and peritonitis. Emergent laparotomy was performed and we found bowel necrosis in two sites. CONCLUSIONS Although rare, the presentation of COVID-19 with bowel necrosis requires emergency treatments, and it has high mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ardian Soeselo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Science, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya No. 2, North Jakarta, 14440, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Department of Surgery, Pondok Indah Puri Indah Hospital, Puri Indah Raya S-2, West Jakarta, Jakarta, 11610, Indonesia.
| | - Wirawan Hambali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pondok Indah Puri Indah Hospital, Puri Indah Raya S-2, West Jakarta, 11610, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sandy Theresia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Science, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya No. 2, North Jakarta, 14440, Jakarta, Indonesia
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27
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Kwak SY, Park S, Kim H, Lee SJ, Jang WS, Kim MJ, Lee S, Jang WI, Kim AR, Kim EH, Shim S, Jang H. Atorvastatin Inhibits Endothelial PAI-1-Mediated Monocyte Migration and Alleviates Radiation-Induced Enteropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041828. [PMID: 33673196 PMCID: PMC7917640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal injury is observed in cancer patients after radiotherapy and in individuals exposed to radiation after a nuclear accident. Radiation disrupts normal vascular homeostasis in the gastrointestinal system by inducing endothelial damage and senescence. Despite advances in medical technology, the toxicity of radiation to healthy tissue remains an issue. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of atorvastatin, a commonly prescribed hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, on radiation-induced enteropathy and inflammatory responses. We selected atorvastatin based on its pleiotropic anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects. We found that atorvastatin mitigated radiation-induced endothelial damage by regulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mouse model. PAI-1 secreted by HUVECs contributed to endothelial dysfunction and trans-endothelial monocyte migration after radiation exposure. We observed that PAI-1 production and secretion was inhibited by atorvastatin in irradiated HUVECs and radiation-induced enteropathy mouse model. More specifically, atorvastatin inhibited PAI-1 production following radiation through the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. Together, our findings suggest that atorvastatin alleviates radiation-induced enteropathy and supports the investigation of atorvastatin as a radio-mitigator in patients receiving radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sehwan Shim
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (H.J.); Tel.: +82-2-3399-5873 (S.S.); +82-2-970-1302 (H.J.)
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (H.J.); Tel.: +82-2-3399-5873 (S.S.); +82-2-970-1302 (H.J.)
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28
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Gendy A, Soubh A, Al-Mokaddem A, Kotb El-Sayed M. Dimethyl fumarate protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion lesion: Participation of Nrf2/HO-1, GSK-3β and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111130. [PMID: 33348309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dimethyl fumarate (DMFU), a known Nrf2 activator, has proven its positive effect in different organs against ischemia/reperfusion (Is/Re) injury. Nevertheless, its possible impact to modulate intestinal Is/Re-induced injury has not been previously demonstrated before. Hence, this study aimed to investigate DMFU mechanistic maneuver against intestinal Is/Re. METHODS To accomplish this goal, Wistar rats were allocated into four groups; Sham-operated (SOP), intestinal Is/Re (1 h/6 h), and 14 days pre-treated DMFU (15 and 25 mg/kg/day, p.o). RESULTS The mechanistic maneuver divulged that DMFU safeguarded the intestine partly via amplifying the expression/content of Nrf2 along with enhancing its downstream, HO-1 expression/content. In addition, DMFU lessened GSK-3β expression/content accompanied by enriching β-catenin expression/content. The antioxidant action was affirmed by enhancing total antioxidant capacity, besides reducing MDA, iNOS, and its by-product, NOx. The DMFU action entailed anti-inflammatory character manifested by down-regulation of expression/content NF-κB with subsequent rebating the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, and P-selectin, as well as MPO activity. Moreover, DMFU had anti-apoptotic nature demonstrated through enriching Bcl-2 level and diminishing that of caspase-3. CONCLUSION DMFU purveyed tenable novel protective mechanisms and mitigated events associated with intestinal Is/Re mischief either in the lower or the high dose partly by amending of oxidative stress and inflammation through the modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, GSK-3β, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Gendy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Soubh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Al-Mokaddem
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kotb El-Sayed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, 11790, Egypt
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29
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Xu N, Zhang C, Jing L, Mou S, Cao X, Yu Z. Protective effect and mechanism of rebamipide on NSAIDs associated small bowel injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107136. [PMID: 33218942 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of rebamipide on NSAIDs associated intestinal injury. METHODS Intestinal injury was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intragastric administration of diclofenac with rebamipide intervention, and LPS and TAK-242 were given intraperitoneally respectively. The expression of TLR4/NF-κB and the related proteins in the intestinal mucosa were detected. 55 patients taking NSAIDs and diagnosed as NSAIDs associated small intestinal injury were recruited as NSAIDs group. Another 55 patients without NSAIDs and no obvious abnormality in the small bowel served as the control group. RESULTS The macroscopic and histological scores of the small intestinal mucosa in the rebamipide pretreatment group were significantly lower compared to the diclofenac group (p < 0.01). The expressions of Tollip, ZO-1 and Claudin-1 in the diclofenac group were down-regulated compared with that in the control group, while they increased significantly in the rebamipide pretreatment group (p < 0.01). The expressions of TLR4/NF-κBp65, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α significantly increased in the model group while they were down-regulated in the rebamipide pretreatment group (p < 0.05). Administration of LPS 1 h after diclofenac aggravated small intestinal damage, and increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. Administration of rebamipide did not effectively reverse intestinal injury induced by diclofenac and LPS. In contrast, pretreatment with TAK-242 significantly inhibited damage and prevented the increased expression of the cytokines. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp65 in the patients with NSAIDs associated intestinal injury was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.01), while the expression of Tollip was decreased (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Rebamipide effectively alleviated intestinal mucosa injury by probably suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the decreasing of ZO-1 and Claudin-1 induced by diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 264100, PR China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 264100, PR China
| | - Lili Jing
- Department of Pathology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 264100, PR China
| | - Shaojiao Mou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 264100, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, 264100, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 264100, PR China.
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30
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Gychka SG, Shults NV, Nikolaienko SI, Marcocci L, Sariipek NE, Rybka V, Malysheva TA, Dibrova VA, Suzuki YJ, Gavrish AS. Vasa Vasorum Lumen Narrowing in Brain Vascular Hyalinosis in Systemic Hypertension Patients Who Died of Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249611. [PMID: 33348552 PMCID: PMC7767198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death among patients with systemic hypertension. The narrowing of the lumen of the brain vasculature contributes to the increased incidence of stroke. While hyalinosis represents the major pathological lesions contributing to vascular lumen narrowing and stroke, the pathogenic mechanism of brain vascular hyalinosis has not been well characterized. Thus, the present study examined the postmortem brain vasculature of human patients who died of ischemic stroke due to systemic hypertension. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry showed the occurrence of brain vascular hyalinosis with infiltrated plasma proteins along with the narrowing of the vasa vasorum and oxidative stress. Transmission electron microscopy revealed endothelial cell bulge protrusion into the vasa vasorum lumen and the occurrence of endocytosis in the vasa vasorum endothelium. The treatment of cultured microvascular endothelial cells with adrenaline also promoted the formation of the bulge as well as endocytic vesicles. The siRNA knockdown of sortin nexin-9 (a mediator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis) inhibited adrenaline-induced endothelial cell bulge formation. Adrenaline promoted protein-protein interactions between sortin nexin-9 and neural Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (a regulator of actin polymerization). Spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats also exhibited lesions indicative of brain vascular hyalinosis, the endothelial cell protrusion into the lumen of the vasa vasorum, and endocytosis in vasa vasorum endothelial cells. We propose that endocytosis-dependent endothelial cell bulge protrusion narrows the vasa vasorum, resulting in ischemic oxidative damage to cerebral vessels, the formation of hyalinosis, the occurrence of ischemic stroke, and death in systemic hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy G. Gychka
- Department of Pathological Anatomy N2, Bogomolets National Medical University, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (S.I.N.); (V.A.D.); (A.S.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.G.); (Y.J.S.); Tel.: +1-202-687-8090 (Y.J.S.)
| | - Nataliia V. Shults
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (N.V.S.); (N.E.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Sofia I. Nikolaienko
- Department of Pathological Anatomy N2, Bogomolets National Medical University, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (S.I.N.); (V.A.D.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nurefsan E. Sariipek
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (N.V.S.); (N.E.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Vladyslava Rybka
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (N.V.S.); (N.E.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Tatiana A. Malysheva
- Department of Neuropathomorphology, Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute, 04050 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Vyacheslav A. Dibrova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy N2, Bogomolets National Medical University, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (S.I.N.); (V.A.D.); (A.S.G.)
| | - Yuichiro J. Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (N.V.S.); (N.E.S.); (V.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.G.); (Y.J.S.); Tel.: +1-202-687-8090 (Y.J.S.)
| | - Alexander S. Gavrish
- Department of Pathological Anatomy N2, Bogomolets National Medical University, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (S.I.N.); (V.A.D.); (A.S.G.)
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31
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Xavier BM, Zein AA, Venes A, Wang J, Lee JY. Transmembrane Polar Relay Drives the Allosteric Regulation for ABCG5/G8 Sterol Transporter. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228747. [PMID: 33228147 PMCID: PMC7699580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterodimeric ATP-binding cassette (ABC) sterol transporter, ABCG5/G8, is responsible for the biliary and transintestinal secretion of cholesterol and dietary plant sterols. Missense mutations of ABCG5/G8 can cause sitosterolemia, a loss-of-function disorder characterized by plant sterol accumulation and premature atherosclerosis. A new molecular framework was recently established by a crystal structure of human ABCG5/G8 and reveals a network of polar and charged amino acids in the core of the transmembrane domains, namely, a polar relay. In this study, we utilize genetic variants to dissect the mechanistic role of this transmembrane polar relay in controlling ABCG5/G8 function. We demonstrated a sterol-coupled ATPase activity of ABCG5/G8 by cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS), a relatively water-soluble cholesterol memetic, and characterized CHS-coupled ATPase activity of three loss-of-function missense variants, R543S, E146Q, and A540F, which are respectively within, in contact with, and distant from the polar relay. The results established an in vitro phenotype of the loss-of-function and missense mutations of ABCG5/G8, showing significantly impaired ATPase activity and loss of energy sufficient to weaken the signal transmission from the transmembrane domains. Our data provide a biochemical evidence underlying the importance of the polar relay and its network in regulating the catalytic activity of ABCG5/G8 sterol transporter.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Allosteric Regulation
- Binding Sites
- Biological Transport
- Cholesterol/chemistry
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol Esters/chemistry
- Cholesterol Esters/metabolism
- Cholic Acid/chemistry
- Cholic Acid/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Hypercholesterolemia/genetics
- Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism
- Hypercholesterolemia/pathology
- Intestinal Diseases/genetics
- Intestinal Diseases/metabolism
- Intestinal Diseases/pathology
- Kinetics
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/pathology
- Lipoproteins/chemistry
- Lipoproteins/genetics
- Lipoproteins/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Phytosterols/adverse effects
- Phytosterols/genetics
- Phytosterols/metabolism
- Pichia/chemistry
- Pichia/genetics
- Pichia/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Thermodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala M. Xavier
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (B.M.X.); (A.A.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Aiman A. Zein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (B.M.X.); (A.A.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Angelica Venes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (B.M.X.); (A.A.Z.); (A.V.)
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Junmei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +1-412-383-3268 (J.W.); +1-613-562-5800 (ext. 8308) (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Jyh-Yeuan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (B.M.X.); (A.A.Z.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.-Y.L.); Tel.: +1-412-383-3268 (J.W.); +1-613-562-5800 (ext. 8308) (J.-Y.L.)
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32
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Fusco R, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Genovese T, D’Amico R, Crupi R, Smeriglio A, Mandalari G, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Consumption of Anacardium Occidentale L. (Cashew Nuts) Inhibits Oxidative Stress through Modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-kB Pathways. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194426. [PMID: 32993187 PMCID: PMC7582295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a severe disorder associated with a high mortality. Several antioxidant and pharmacological properties of cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) and its metabolites from different countries have recently been described. It is a medicinal plant with important therapeutic effects. This study aimed to verify the effect of an oral administration of cashew nuts in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Adult male rats were subjected to intestinal I/R injury by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min and then allowing animals to 1 h of reperfusion. Rats subjected to I/R of the gut showed a significant increase in different biochemical markers. In particular, we evaluated lipid peroxidation, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, protein carbonyl content, reactive oxygen species generation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. Western blot analysis showed the activation of the NRF2 and NF-kB pathways. Increased immunoreactivity to nitrotyrosine, PARP, P-selectin, and ICAM-1 was observed in the ileum of rats subjected to I/R. Administration of cashew nuts (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the mortality rate, the fall in arterial blood pressure, and oxidative stress and restored the antioxidant enzyme activities by a mechanism involving both NRF2 and NF-kB pathways. Cashew nuts treatments reduced cytokines plasma levels, nitrotyrosine, and PARP expression as well as adhesion molecules expressions. Additionally, cashew nuts decreased the intestinal barrier dysfunction and mucosal damage, the translocation of toxins and bacteria, which leads to systemic inflammation and associated organs injuries in particular of liver and kidney. Our study demonstrates that cashew nuts administration exerts antioxidant and pharmacological protective effects in superior mesenteric artery occlusion–reperfusion shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (D.I. & S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (D.I. & S.C.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.F.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (T.G.); (R.D.); (A.S.); (G.M.); (R.D.P.)
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Intestinal torsion diagnosed in dairy cattle from different herds in Northern Ireland. Vet Rec 2019; 185:334-8. [PMID: 31541050 DOI: 10.1136/vr.l5635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Fideles LDS, de Miranda JAL, Martins CDS, Barbosa MLL, Pimenta HB, Pimentel PVDS, Teixeira CS, Scafuri MAS, Façanha SDO, Barreto JEF, Carvalho PMDM, Scafuri AG, Araújo JL, Rocha JA, Vieira IGP, Ricardo NMPS, da Silva Campelo M, Ribeiro MENP, de Castro Brito GA, Cerqueira GS. Role of Rutin in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis: Prevention of Histological Damage and Reduction of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122786. [PMID: 32560278 PMCID: PMC7356626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis, characterized by inflammatory and/or ulcerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract, occurs due to cellular and tissue damage following treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Rutin (RUT), a natural flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and gastroprotective properties. However, the effect of RUT on inflammatory processes in the intestine, especially on mucositis promoted by antineoplastic agents, has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the role of RUT on 5-FU-induced experimental intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, RUT-50, RUT-100, RUT-200, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + RUT-200 groups. The mice were weighed daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis); malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations; mast and goblet cell counts; and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, as well as to perform immunohistochemical analyses. RUT treatment (200 mg/kg) prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA concentrations and increasing GSH concentrations. RUT attenuated the inflammatory response by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. These results suggest that the COX-2 pathway is one of the underlying protective mechanisms of RUT against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro de Sousa Fideles
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - João Antônio Leal de Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-85-3366-8492
| | - Conceição da Silva Martins
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Maria Lucianny Lima Barbosa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Helder Bindá Pimenta
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Paulo Vitor de Souza Pimentel
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Claudio Silva Teixeira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | | | | | - João Erivan Façanha Barreto
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
- Christus University Center (Unichristus), 133 Adolfo Gurgel Street, Fortaleza 63010-475, Brazil;
| | | | - Ariel Gustavo Scafuri
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
- Scafuri Institute of Human Sexuality, 1513 Republic of Lebanon Street, Varjota, Fortaleza 60175-222, Brazil;
| | - Joabe Lima Araújo
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, s/n Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasília, Brasília-DF 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Jefferson Almeida Rocha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group (QUIMEBIO), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Bernardo/MA 65550-000, Brazil;
| | - Icaro Gusmão Pinto Vieira
- Technological Development Park, Federal University of Ceará, Humberto Monte Avenue, 2977, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil;
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Matheus da Silva Campelo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho Ribeiro
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Gilberto Santos Cerqueira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (L.d.S.F.); (C.d.S.M.); (M.L.L.B.); (H.B.P.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (J.E.F.B.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
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Miwa T, Iwashita T, Aiba M, Kochi T, Toda K, Nakamura N, Katsumura N, Shimizu M. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis: a case report. Med Ultrason 2020; 22:243-246. [PMID: 32190855 DOI: 10.11152/mu-2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bowel endometriosis is a condition caused by endometrial glands and stroma infiltrating the bowel wall and reaching the subserous fat tissue or the adjacent subserous plexus. A 42-year-old woman with changes in stool habits, nausea, and stomach aches experienced complete obstruction in the rectum. Endoscopic ultrasound demonstrated a low echoic lesion outside the rectal mucosa and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis. The clinical characteristics of bowel endometriosis are unspecific and this condition is sometimes misdiagnosed as a malignant tumor, irritable bowel syndrome, or any other colorectal disorder. Our aim is to show that endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration might be helpful for bowel endometriosis diagnosis and exclusion of other malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Miwa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chuno Kosei Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Takuji Iwashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Masashi Aiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chuno Kosei Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Kochi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chuno Kosei Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Katsuhisa Toda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chuno Kosei Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chuno Kosei Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Naoki Katsumura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chuno Kosei Hospital, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
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Watanabe T, Fujiwara Y, Chan FKL. Current knowledge on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small-bowel damage: a comprehensive review. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:481-495. [PMID: 31865463 PMCID: PMC7188723 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in small-bowel endoscopy such as capsule endoscopy have shown that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) frequently damage the small intestine, with the prevalence rate of mucosal breaks of around 50% in chronic users. A significant proportion of patients with NSAIDs-induced enteropathy are asymptomatic, but some patients develop symptomatic or complicated ulcers that need therapeutic intervention. Both inhibition of prostaglandins due to the inhibition of cyclooxygenases and mitochondrial dysfunction secondary to the topical effect of NSAIDs play a crucial role in the early process of injury. As a result, the intestinal barrier function is impaired, which allows enterobacteria to invade the mucosa. Gram-negative bacteria and endogenous molecules coordinate to trigger inflammatory cascades via Toll-like receptor 4 to induce excessive expression of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that processes pro-interleukin-1β into its mature form. Finally, neutrophils accumulate in the mucosa, resulting in intestinal ulceration. Currently, misoprostol is the only drug that has a proven beneficial effect on bleeding small intestinal ulcers induced by NSAIDs or low-dose aspirin, but its protection is insufficient. Therefore, the efficacy of the combination of misoprostol with other drugs, especially those targeting the innate immune system, should be assessed in the next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Jiao LF, Dai TM, Zhong SQ, Jin M, Sun P, Zhou QC. Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection impaired intestinal barrier function and nutrient absorption in Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 99:184-189. [PMID: 32035168 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is the primary target of pathogenic microbes during invasion. However, the interaction of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) with intestinal epithelial cells and its effects on the intestinal function of Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) are poorly studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of V. parahaemolyticus infection on intestinal barrier function and nutrient absorption in L. vannamei. In the present study, a total of 90 shrimp were randomly divided into two groups including the control group and V. parahaemolyticus infection group (final concentration of 1 × 105 CFU/mL), with three replicates per group. The result showed that compared with the control group, V. parahaemolyticus infection increased (P < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase activity and endotoxin quantification, and down-regulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA levels of intestinal peroxinectin, integrin, midline fasciclin at 48 h and 72 h; V. parahaemolyticus infection decreased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of intestinal amino acid transporter (CAT1, EAAT3 and ASCT1) and glucose transporter (SGLT-1, GLUT) at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, and increased (P < 0.05) serum glucose and amino acid (Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, Lys, His and Arg) concentration at 24 h. The results indicated that V. parahaemolyticus infection increased intestinal permeability, inhibited absorption of glucose and amino acid in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Fei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Tian Meng Dai
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Sun Qian Zhong
- Ningbo Economic Technical Development Area Bolun Marine Surveyors Office, Ningbo, 315800, PR China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Qi Cun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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Pan P, Bai L, Hua X, Wang Y, Jiang X, Cheng X, Song Y, Yu X. miR-155 Regulates claudin1 Expression in Humans With Intestinal Mucosa Dysfunction After Brain Injury. Transplant Proc 2020; 51:3474-3480. [PMID: 31810510 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with craniocerebral trauma often have intestinal mucosal dysfunction, and the claudin1 protein plays an important role in intestinal mucosal function. Our previous work has shown that the expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155) in the peripheral blood of patients with craniocerebral trauma is decreased. Animal experiments also suggest that the expression of miR-155 is increased in the intestinal mucosa of mice with brain injury and the expression of claudin1 is decreased. We recruited 56 samples (35 patients with traumatic brain injury [TBI] and 21 patients without history of head trauma) to detect the expression of miR-155 on claudin1 regulation by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and so on. We also used the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to further evaluate the diagnostic value of the 2 biomarkers. From the results, we found that the expression level of miR-155 and claudin1 in the case group was lower than that in the control group. Human miR-155 (Hsa-miR-155) may positively regulate intestinal mucosal function by inhibiting the expression of claudin1, leading to intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction. Combining the ROC curve data, the results further prove that miR-155 and claudin1 might be the new clinical diagnostic markers and treatment targets for the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Linlin Bai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Hua
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunlin Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Xiangyou Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
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Sen A, Namsa ND, Feng N, Greenberg HB. Rotavirus Reprograms Multiple Interferon Receptors and Restricts Their Intestinal Antiviral and Inflammatory Functions. J Virol 2020; 94:e01775-19. [PMID: 31896593 PMCID: PMC7158711 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01775-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RV) cause acute severe diarrhea in the absence of substantial intestinal inflammation. They are also highly infectious in their homologous host species. The replication capacity of RV in the small bowel is substantially due to its ability to inhibit different types of interferons (IFNs). Here, we found that during RV infection in vitro, both virus-infected and uninfected bystander cells resist STAT1 phosphorylation and interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) induction in response to exogenous interferon (IFN). Functionally, cellular transcription in response to stimulation with IFN, but not intracellular double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), was inhibited by RV. Further, IFNAR1 stimulation during RV infection significantly repressed a set of virus-induced transcripts. Regulation of IFN signaling in vivo was studied in suckling mice using the highly infectious murine EW RV strain. Kinetic studies indicated that sustained EW RV replication and IFN induction in the small intestine are accompanied by significant decreases in IFN-stimulated transcripts. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated intestinal damage, driven by STAT1-induced inflammation, was also prevented in EW RV-infected mice. Remarkably, by ectopically stimulating either IFNAR1 or IFNGR1 in EW RV-infected mice, we could eliminate several intestinal antiviral and inflammatory transcriptional responses to RV. In contrast to infection with homologous RV, infection with a STAT1-sensitive heterologous RV strain induced IFN-stimulated transcripts, inflammatory cytokines, and intestinal expression of STAT1-pY701. Finally, RV strain-specific STAT1 regulation also likely determines the intestinal activation of multiple caspases. The simian RRV strain, but not murine EW RV, uniquely triggers the cleavage of both extrinsic and intrinsic caspases (caspases 8, 9, and 3) in a STAT1-mediated manner. Collectively, our findings reveal efficient reprograming of multiple IFN receptors toward a negative-feedback mode of signaling, accompanied by suppression of IFN-mediated antiviral, apoptotic, and inflammatory functions, during natural RV intestinal infection.IMPORTANCE Rotavirus is a highly infectious pathogen that causes severe diarrhea. Replication of RV in the small intestine is restricted to homologous host species, and host range restriction is substantially determined by the interferon response. In this study, we demonstrate that during infection, RV bystander cells resist exogenous IFN-mediated STAT1 signaling and transcription. In a suckling mouse model, ectopically stimulating different intestinal interferon receptors during RV infection eliminates several innate and inflammatory antiviral responses. Different intestinal inflammatory cytokines were also suppressed by homologous RV, as was intestinal damage in response to endotoxin. The ability of RV to suppress IFN-mediated receptors likely impacts intestinal cell homeostasis, as the cleavage of multiple intestinal caspases during RV infection is mediated by the IFN-STAT1 signaling pathway. Together, our results provide a mechanism underlying both the remarkable interferon resistance of homologous RV and its ability to prevent substantial inflammatory damage to the small bowel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrish Sen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Nima D Namsa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, India
| | - Ningguo Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Harry B Greenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Slifer ZM, Blikslager AT. The Integral Role of Tight Junction Proteins in the Repair of Injured Intestinal Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030972. [PMID: 32024112 PMCID: PMC7036844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial monolayer forms a transcellular and paracellular barrier that separates luminal contents from the interstitium. The paracellular barrier consists of a highly organized complex of intercellular junctions that is primarily regulated by apical tight junction proteins and tight junction-associated proteins. This homeostatic barrier can be lost through a multitude of injurious events that cause the disruption of the tight junction complex. Acute repair after injury leading to the reestablishment of the tight junction barrier is crucial for the return of both barrier function as well as other cellular functions, including water regulation and nutrient absorption. This review provides an overview of the tight junction complex components and how they link to other plasmalemmal proteins, such as ion channels and transporters, to induce tight junction closure during repair of acute injury. Understanding the components of interepithelial tight junctions and the mechanisms of tight junction regulation after injury is crucial for developing future therapeutic targets for patients experiencing dysregulated intestinal permeability.
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Jung HJ, Kang JH, Pak S, Lee K, Seong JK, Oh SH. Detrimental Role of Nerve Injury-Induced Protein 1 in Myeloid Cells under Intestinal Inflammatory Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020614. [PMID: 31963519 PMCID: PMC7013940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjurin1, Ninj1) is a cell-surface adhesion molecule that regulates cell migration and attachment. This study demonstrates the increase in Ninj1 protein expression during development of intestinal inflammation. Ninj1-deficient mice exhibited significantly attenuated bodyweight loss, shortening of colon length, intestinal inflammation, and lesser pathological lesions than wild-type mice. Although more severe inflammation and serious lesions are observed in wild-type mice than Ninj1-deficient mice, there were no changes in the numbers of infiltrating macrophages in the inflamed tissues obtained from WT and Ninj1-deficient mice. Ninj1 expression results in activation of macrophages, and these activated macrophages secrete more cytokines and chemokines than Ninj1-deficient macrophages. Moreover, mice with conditional deletion of Ninj1 in myeloid cells (Ninj1fl/fl; Lyz-Cre+) alleviated experimental colitis compared with wild-type mice. In summary, we propose that the Ninj1 in myeloid cells play a pivotal function in intestinal inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Seongwon Pak
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Keunwook Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute of Veterinary Science, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.S.); (S.H.O.)
| | - Seung Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.S.); (S.H.O.)
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Chang CW, Lee HC, Li LH, Chiang Chiau JS, Wang TE, Chuang WH, Chen MJ, Wang HY, Shih SC, Liu CY, Tsai TH, Chen YJ. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Prevents Intestinal Injury, Upregulation of Toll-Like Receptors, and 5-Fluorouracil/Oxaliplatin-Induced Toxicity in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020386. [PMID: 31936237 PMCID: PMC7013718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin), a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy regimen, is one of most common therapeutic regimens for colorectal cancer. However, intestinal mucositis is a common adverse effect for which no effective preventive strategies exist. Moreover, the efficacy and the safety of fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) in cancer patients treated with anti-neoplastic agents are still scant. We investigated the effect of FMT on FOLFOX-induced mucosal injury. BALB/c mice implanted with syngeneic CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were orally administered FMT daily during and two days after five-day injection of FOLFOX regimen for seven days. Administration of FOLFOX significantly induced marked levels of diarrhea and intestinal injury. FMT reduced the severity of diarrhea and intestinal mucositis. Additionally, the number of goblet cells and zonula occludens-1 decreased, while apoptotic and NF-κB-positive cells increased following FOLFOX treatment. The expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), MyD88, and serum IL-6 were upregulated following FOLFOX treatment. These responses were attenuated following FMT. The disrupted fecal gut microbiota composition was also restored by FMT after FOLFOX treatment. Importantly, FMT did not cause bacteremia and safely alleviated FOLFOX-induced intestinal mucositis in colorectal cancer-bearing mice. The putative mechanism may involve the gut microbiota TLR-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with implanted colorectal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (T.-E.W.); (M.-J.C.); (H.-Y.W.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (L.-H.L.); (J.-S.C.C.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chang Lee
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (L.-H.L.); (J.-S.C.C.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
- MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hui Li
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (L.-H.L.); (J.-S.C.C.)
| | - Jen-Shiu Chiang Chiau
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (L.-H.L.); (J.-S.C.C.)
| | - Tsang-En Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (T.-E.W.); (M.-J.C.); (H.-Y.W.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (T.-E.W.); (M.-J.C.); (H.-Y.W.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (T.-E.W.); (M.-J.C.); (H.-Y.W.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chuan Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (T.-E.W.); (M.-J.C.); (H.-Y.W.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; (T.-E.W.); (M.-J.C.); (H.-Y.W.); (S.-C.S.)
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (L.-H.L.); (J.-S.C.C.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (T.-H.T.); (Y.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2543-3535 (ext. 3993) (C.-Y.L.); +886-2-2826-7115 (T.-H.T.); +886-2-2809-4661 (ext. 2301) (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (T.-H.T.); (Y.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2543-3535 (ext. 3993) (C.-Y.L.); +886-2-2826-7115 (T.-H.T.); +886-2-2809-4661 (ext. 2301) (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25173, Taiwan; (H.-C.L.); (L.-H.L.); (J.-S.C.C.)
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City 11260, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (T.-H.T.); (Y.-J.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2543-3535 (ext. 3993) (C.-Y.L.); +886-2-2826-7115 (T.-H.T.); +886-2-2809-4661 (ext. 2301) (Y.-J.C.)
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Ohmiya N. Management of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: Comparison of guidelines between Japan and other countries. Dig Endosc 2020; 32:204-218. [PMID: 31596970 DOI: 10.1111/den.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small-bowel bleeding accounts for the majority of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, but it is caused by various types of small bowel disease, upper gastrointestinal disease, and colorectal disease. For the diagnosis, history taking and physical examination are required, leading to a determination of what diseases are involved. Next, cross-sectional imaging, such as computed tomography, should be carried out, followed by the latest enteroscopy such as small bowel capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy according to the severity of hemorrhage and patient condition. After a comprehensive diagnosis, medical, enteroscopic, or surgical treatment should be selected. This article reviews recent advances in the endoscopic diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and compares perspectives of the management of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in Japan with that in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ohmiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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Lahner E, Conti L, Cicone F, Capriello S, Cazzato M, Centanni M, Annibale B, Virili C. Thyro-entero-gastric autoimmunity: Pathophysiology and implications for patient management. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 34:101373. [PMID: 31864909 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between autoimmune atrophic gastritis and thyroid disorders has been observed since the early 1960s and the expression "thyrogastric syndrome" was coined to indicate the presence of thyroid autoantibodies or autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with pernicious anemia, a late clinical stage of autoimmune atrophic gastritis. More recently, it was confirmed that autoimmune thyroid disorders, in particular Hashimoto's thyroiditis, may be frequently associated with other organ-specific, immune-mediated disorders, such as autoimmune atrophic gastritis or celiac disease. The association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with autoimmune atrophic gastritis or celiac disease in adult patients is currently considered part of the polyglandular autoimmune syndromes which include several autoimmune disorders associated with an autoaggressive impairment of endocrine glands. From a clinical point of view, the thyro-entero-gastric autoimmunity may lead to potentially serious consequences like anemia, micronutrients deficiencies, and drugs malabsorption, as well as to an increased risk for malignancies. These alterations may frequently present in an underhand manner, with consequent diagnostic and treatment delays. Many aspects of the association between thyroid, gastric and intestinal autoimmune diseases still await clarification. The present review focuses on the embryological, genetic and pathophysiological aspects of thyro-entero-gastric autoimmunity. In particular, the current diagnostic criteria of autoimmune thyroid disease, autoimmune atrophic gastritis, and celiac disease are reviewed, along with the evidences for their association in poly-autoimmunity syndromes. The benefits of proactive screening of autoimmune thyroid disorders in patients with autoimmune gastritis or enteropathy and viceversa are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Lahner
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cicone
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Silvia Capriello
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cazzato
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Annibale
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Liu YR, Ba F, Cheng LJ, Li X, Zhang SW, Zhang SC. Efficacy of Sox10 Promoter Methylation in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Neuronal Dysplasia From the Peripheral Blood. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2019; 10:e00093. [PMID: 31789936 PMCID: PMC6970557 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intestinal neuronal dysplasia (IND) is a common malformation of the enteric nervous system. Diagnosis requires a full-thickness colonic specimen and an experienced pathologist, emphasizing the need for noninvasive analytical methods. Recently, the methylation level of the Sox10 promoter has been found to be critical for enteric nervous system development. However, whether it can be used for diagnostic purposes in IND is unclear. METHODS Blood and colon specimens were collected from 32 patients with IND, 60 patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD), and 60 controls. Sox10 promoter methylation in the blood and the Sox10 expression level in the colon were determined, and their correlation was analyzed. The diagnostic efficacy of blood Sox10 promoter methylation was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS The blood level of Sox10 promoter methylation at the 32nd locus was 100% (90%-100%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 92.29%-96.37%) in control, 90% (80%-90%; 95% CI, 82.84%-87.83%) in HD, and 60% (50%-80%; 95% CI, 57.12%-69.76%) in IND specimens. Sox10 promoter methylation in the peripheral blood was negatively correlated with Sox10 expression in the colon, which was low in control, moderate in HD, and high in IND specimens (r = -0.89). The area under the curve of Sox10 promoter methylation in the diagnosis of IND was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.874-1.000, P = 0.000), with a cutoff value of 85% (sensitivity, 90.6%; specificity, 95.0%). By applying a cutoff value of 65%, promoter methylation was more indicative of IND than HD. DISCUSSION The analysis of Sox10 promoter methylation in the peripheral blood can be used as a noninvasive method for IND diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rong Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang Ba
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lan-Jie Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhang L, Tian Y, Ye JF, Lin CH, Guan JL. Poor prognostic factors in patients with newly diagnosed intestinal Adamantiades-Behçet's disease in the Shanghai Adamantiades-Behçet's disease database: a prospective cohort study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:274. [PMID: 31779646 PMCID: PMC6883595 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adamantiades-Behçet's Disease (ABD) is an immunological recurrent systemic vasculitis with a chronic course. We investigated the predictors of long-term flare-ups, poor outcomes and event-free survival in Chinese non-surgical patients with intestinal ABD. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 109 intestinal ABD patients seen in our institution between October 2012 and January 2019 who met the international criteria for ABD and had intestinal ulcers confirmed on colonoscopy. Predictors of relapses and poor outcomes, event-free survival were calculated using logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazard regression models, respectively. RESULTS Sixty-six intestinal ABD patients (60.55%) had ileocecal ulcers; 19 patients (17.43%) presented with colorectum ulcers; 24 patients (22.02%) showed both ileocecal and colorectum ulcers. 7 patients (6.42%) experienced at least 1 flare-up of intestinal ulcers. 38 patients (34.86%) complained of non-healing intestinal ulcers. In multivariate analysis, location of intestinal ulcers (ileocecal and colorectum) (odd ratio (OR) 7.498 [95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.844-30.480]), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) > 24 mm/h (OR 5.966 [95% CI 1.734-20.528]), treatment with infliximab (IFX) (OR 0.130 [95% CI 0.024-0.715]), and poor compliance (OR 11.730 [95% CI 2.341-58.781]) were independently correlated with a poor outcome. After a median follow-up of 28 months, 45 intestinal ABD patients (41.28%) underwent adverse events. Factors independently associated with shorter event-free survival were early onset of ABD (< 7 years) (hazard ratio (HR) 2.431 [95% CI 1.240-4.764]) and poor compliance (HR 3.058 [95% CI 1.612-5.800]). CONCLUSION Distribution of intestinal ulcers (ileocecal and colorectum), ESR > 24 mm/h, treatment without IFX, and poor compliance were independent risk factors for poor outcomes in non-surgical intestinal ABD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of RHEUMATOLOGY and Immunology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, #221 yan'an west Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jing-Fen Ye
- Department of RHEUMATOLOGY and Immunology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, #221 yan'an west Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Hong Lin
- Department of RHEUMATOLOGY and Immunology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, #221 yan'an west Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Long Guan
- Department of RHEUMATOLOGY and Immunology, Huadong Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, #221 yan'an west Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu Y, Dong Y, Wu L, Deng F. Changes of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress indicators in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura and clinical effects of hemoperfusion in the treatment of severe Henoch-Schönlein purpura with gastrointestinal involvement in children. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:409. [PMID: 31684904 PMCID: PMC6827241 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the changes of inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) children, and further analyzed the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of hemoperfusion (HP) on HSP with severe gastrointestinal (GI) involvement. METHODS There were 200 children with HSP were divided into three groups according to their clinical manifestations: 60 in HSP without GI and renal involvement group, 60 in HSP with GI involvement group, and 80 in HSPN group. The HSP with GI involvement group was subdivided into conventional treatment (n = 30) and HP (n = 30) groups. Thirty children who visited the department of children healthcare for healthy physical examinations from January to December 2017 were set as healthy control group. The IL-6 and TNF-α levels were detected by chemoluminescence method. The MDA, SOD and T-AOC levels were determined by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method, hydroxylamine method and chemical colorimetry. RESULTS Compared with healthy group, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA levels in HSP were increased in each group, while SOD and T-AOC were decreased (P = 0.000). IL-6, TNF-α and MDA levels in the HSPN group were the highest, SOD and T-AOC levels were the lowest (P = 0.000). Compared with those before treatment, IL-6, TNF-α and MDA levels in the conventional and HP groups were decreased and SOD and T-AOC levels were increased (P = 0.000). The changes in HP group were more significant than those in conventional group (P < 0.047). Compared with conventional group, glucocorticoid dosage and the occurrence rate of hematuria and/or proteinuria within 3 months were lower in HP group. (P = 0.000, 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory and oxidative stress may be involved in the acute phase of HSP children. The intensity of inflammatory and oxidative stress responses were related to the degree of renal involvement. HP can reduce glucocorticoid dosage and the rate of renal involvement in children with severe HSP with GI involvement. The mechanism may be related to the fact that HP can effectively remove IL-6, TNF-α, MDA in HSP children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, No. 39 Wangjiang East Road, Hefei, 230051 China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, No. 39 Wangjiang East Road, Hefei, 230051 China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, No. 39 Wangjiang East Road, Hefei, 230051 China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
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Espenschied ST, Cronan MR, Matty MA, Mueller O, Redinbo MR, Tobin DM, Rawls JF. Epithelial delamination is protective during pharmaceutical-induced enteropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16961-16970. [PMID: 31391308 PMCID: PMC6708343 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902596116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) shedding is a fundamental response to intestinal damage, yet underlying mechanisms and functions have been difficult to define. Here we model chronic intestinal damage in zebrafish larvae using the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) Glafenine. Glafenine induced the unfolded protein response (UPR) and inflammatory pathways in IECs, leading to delamination. Glafenine-induced inflammation was augmented by microbial colonization and associated with changes in intestinal and environmental microbiotas. IEC shedding was a UPR-dependent protective response to Glafenine that restricts inflammation and promotes animal survival. Other NSAIDs did not induce IEC delamination; however, Glafenine also displays off-target inhibition of multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps. We found a subset of MDR inhibitors also induced IEC delamination, implicating MDR efflux pumps as cellular targets underlying Glafenine-induced enteropathy. These results implicate IEC delamination as a protective UPR-mediated response to chemical injury, and uncover an essential role for MDR efflux pumps in intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Espenschied
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Mark R Cronan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Molly A Matty
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Olaf Mueller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - David M Tobin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710;
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
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Zakhari A, Mabrouk M, Raimondo D, Mastronardi M, Seracchioli R, Mattei B, Papillon-Smith J, Solnik MJ, Murji A, Lemos N. Keep Your Landmarks Close and the Hypogastric Nerve Closer: An Approach to Nerve-sparing Endometriosis Surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019; 27:813-814. [PMID: 31386912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excisional techniques used to surgically treat deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) can result in inadvertent damage to the autonomic nervous system of the pelvis, leading to urinary, anorectal, and sexual dysfunction [1-4]. This educational video illustrates the autonomic neuroanatomy of the pelvis, identifying the predictable location of the hypogastric nerve in relation to other pelvic landmarks, and demonstrates a surgical technique for sparing the hypogastric nerve and inferior hypogastric plexus. DESIGN Using didactic schematics and medical drawings, we discuss and illustrate the autonomic neuroanatomy of the pelvis. With annotated laparoscopic footage, we demonstrate a stepwise approach for identifying, dissecting, and preserving the hypogastric nerve during pelvic surgery. SETTING Tertiary care academic hospitals: Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and S. Orsola Hospital in Bologna, Italy. INTERVENTIONS Radical excision of DIE with adequate identification and sparing of the hypogastric nerve and inferior hypogastric plexus bilaterally was performed, following an overview of pelvic neuroanatomy. The superior hypogastric plexus was described and the hypogastric nerve, the most superficial and readily identifiable component of the inferior hypogastric plexus, was identified and used as a landmark to preserve autonomic bundles in the pelvis. The following steps, illustrated with laparoscopic footage, describe a surgical technique developed to identify and preserve the hypogastric nerve and the deeper inferior hypogastric plexus without the need for more extensive pelvic dissection to the level of the sacral nerve roots: (1) transperitoneal identification of the hypogastric nerve, with a pulling maneuver for confirmation; (2) opening of the retroperitoneum at the level of the pelvic brim and retroperitoneal identification of the ureter; (3) medial dissection and identification of the hypogastric nerve; and (4) lateralization of the hypogastric nerve, allowing for safe resection of DIE. CONCLUSION The hypogastric nerve follows a predictable course and can be identified, dissected, and spared during pelvic surgery, making it an important landmark for the preservation of pelvic autonomic innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Zakhari
- Mount Sinai Hospital (Drs. Zakhari, Papillon-Smith, Solnik, Murji, and Lemos), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mohamed Mabrouk
- Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, S. Orsola Hospital (Drs. Mabrouk, Raimondo, Mastronardi, and Seracchioli) and; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine (Dr. Mabrouk), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Raimondo
- Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, S. Orsola Hospital (Drs. Mabrouk, Raimondo, Mastronardi, and Seracchioli) and
| | - Manuela Mastronardi
- Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, S. Orsola Hospital (Drs. Mabrouk, Raimondo, Mastronardi, and Seracchioli) and; Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dissecting Unit (Dr. Mastronardi and Ms. Mattei), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Seracchioli
- Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, S. Orsola Hospital (Drs. Mabrouk, Raimondo, Mastronardi, and Seracchioli) and
| | - Benedetta Mattei
- Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dissecting Unit (Dr. Mastronardi and Ms. Mattei), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Papillon-Smith
- Mount Sinai Hospital (Drs. Zakhari, Papillon-Smith, Solnik, Murji, and Lemos), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Jonathon Solnik
- Mount Sinai Hospital (Drs. Zakhari, Papillon-Smith, Solnik, Murji, and Lemos), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ally Murji
- Mount Sinai Hospital (Drs. Zakhari, Papillon-Smith, Solnik, Murji, and Lemos), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nucelio Lemos
- Mount Sinai Hospital (Drs. Zakhari, Papillon-Smith, Solnik, Murji, and Lemos), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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