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Rahman A, Othman N, Kuddus MA, Hasan MZ. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child malnutrition in Selangor, Malaysia: A pilot study. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:833-842. [PMID: 38547630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child malnutrition risk factors are globally recognized, but the specific impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of child malnutrition, considering socioeconomic burdens and changes in family lifestyles, remains underexplored. This study aims to identify the significance of COVID-19-related factors in relation to the prevalence of child malnutrition in Selangor, Malaysia. METHODS Purposive sampling was employed in this pilot study to select the households with under-5 children and, a structured questionnaire was developed to gather data. Chi-squared tests, logistic regression modelling and World Health Organisation AnthroPlus software-based visualization were used for analyses. RESULTS The present study's findings indicate that demographic and social factors, including 'Citizenship,' 'Type of House,' 'Number of Earning Members,' 'Father's Highest Educational Level,' and 'Number of Children in a Family,' have a statistically significant association with Wasting. Additionally, the mother's 'Highest Educational Level' is found to be linked to underweight prevalence. Within COVID-19 factors, "COVID-19 Impact on Employment/Business" demonstrated significance for both stunting and wasting. Multivariate analysis revealed disparities in childhood malnutrition by gender, age, and factors such as "COVID-19 impact on children's physical activity" and "COVID-19 impact on children's decrease in health over the last two weeks." CONCLUSIONS This study identified COVID-19 factors alongside sociodemographic variables with statistically significant relationships impacting childhood malnutrition in Selangor, Malaysia. The results underscored the substantial influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on child malnutrition prevalence. Decision-makers at family and community levels can benefit by considering these factors in their actions. However, the study's limitation lay in its dataset, urging larger-scale analyses to explore further sub-categories of the examined variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizur Rahman
- School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia.
| | - Nezza Othman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
| | - Md Abdul Kuddus
- School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Department of Mathematics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zobaer Hasan
- School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia; School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and their effects on quality of life (QoL) of dental patients. METHODS A survey consisting of two validated questionnaires was distributed to dental patients registered at the University of Malaya Faculty of Dentistry. The Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) evaluates the prevalence and severity of TMD, while the Oral Health Impact Profile - Temporomandibular Disorder (OHIP-TMD) appraises the effects of TMD on oral health-related QoL. RESULTS Out of 342 patients (aged 16 to 50 years, 45% male and 55% female) enrolled in the survey, 50.9% had varying degrees of TMD. All 7 domains of OHIP-TMD showed a statistically significant correlation with TMD severity. CONCLUSION TMD seems to be prevalent among Malaysian dental patients. Not only does TMD affect the QoL of an individual, but the more severe the degree of reported symptoms, the poorer their perceived oral health QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aufa Dahlia Bahar
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Qi Yan How
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin Ping Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kyriakos CN, Erinoso O, Driezen P, Thrasher JF, Katanoda K, Quah ACK, Tabuchi T, Perez CDA, Seo HG, Kim SY, Nordin ASA, Hairi FM, Fong GT, Filippidis FT. Prevalence and perceptions of flavour capsule cigarettes among adults who smoke in Brazil, Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia and Mexico: findings from the ITC surveys. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083080. [PMID: 38642995 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global market of flavour capsule cigarettes (FCCs) has grown significantly over the past decade; however, prevalence data exist for only a few countries. This study examined prevalence and perceptions of FCCs among adults who smoke across five countries. METHODS Cross-sectional data among adults who smoked cigarettes came from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Surveys-Brazil (2016/2017), Japan (2021), Republic of Korea (2021), Malaysia (2020) and Mexico (2021). FCCs use was measured based on reporting one's usual/current brand or favourite variety has flavour capsule(s). Perceptions of the harmfulness of one's usual brand versus other brands were compared between those who used capsules versus no capsules. Adjusted logistic regression models examined correlates of FCC use. RESULTS There were substantial differences in the prevalence of FCC use among adults who smoke across the five countries: Mexico (50.3% in 2021), Republic of Korea (31.8% in 2021), Malaysia (26.5% in 2020), Japan (21.6% in 2021) and Brazil (6.7% in 2016/2017). Correlates of FCC use varied across countries. Capsule use was positively associated with being female in Japan and Mexico, younger age in Japan, Republic of Korea and Malaysia, high education in Brazil, Japan and Mexico, non-daily smoking in Republic of Korea, and having plans to quit in Japan and Republic of Korea. There was no consistent pattern of consumer perceptions of brand harmfulness. CONCLUSION Our study documented the high prevalence of FCCs in some countries, pointing to the need to develop and implement regulatory strategies to control these attractive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Kyriakos
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pete Driezen
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kota Katanoda
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center Japan, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Anne C K Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cristina de Abreu Perez
- National School of Public Health Sérgio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hong Gwan Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- National Tobacco Control Center, Korean Health Promotion Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Centre of Addiction Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, Centre of Addiction Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- School of Public Health Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Filippos T Filippidis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London School of Public Health, London, UK
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Bui WKT, Ross H, Mohamed Nor N. Magnitude of illicit cigarette trade in Malaysia: empirical evidence compared with industry studies. Tob Control 2024; 33:341-345. [PMID: 36207128 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2021-057210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tobacco industry contends that the illicit market in Malaysia occupies 62.3% of the total cigarette market. If this is true, Malaysia has one of the largest shares of illicit cigarettes in the world. METHODS This study employs a rigorous gap analysis to measure the size of the illicit cigarette trade in Malaysia and compare it with the industry estimates. FINDINGS We found that in 2019, the illicit cigarette market share ranged from 38.2% to 52.5%, depending on assumptions with respect to consumption under-reporting, which is substantially less than the industry estimates. We found that the size of the illicit cigarette market was not driven by higher excise tax: doubling the excise tax rate from RM0.20 to RM0.40 per stick in November 2015 resulted in only a slight increase in the illicit cigarette market share and no increase in the number of illicit cigarettes in the market. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, a reduction in cigarette excise taxes, as suggested by the industry, will not solve the problem of illicit cigarette trade in Malaysia. Instead, the government should ratify the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control's Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products and implement the strategies outlined in the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wency Kher Thinng Bui
- School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- School of Government, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Hana Ross
- Research Unit on the Economics of Excisable Products, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Mat Bah MN, Kasim AS, Sapian MH, Alias EY. Survival outcomes for congenital heart disease from Southern Malaysia: results from a congenital heart disease registry. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:363-369. [PMID: 38296612 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited population-based studies are available on the survival of congenital heart disease (CHD) from lower- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we evaluated the survival from birth until 15 years and associated factors for mortality. METHODS This population-based cohort study included all children with CHD registered in the Pediatric Cardiology Clinical Information System born between 2006 and 2020 in Johor, Malaysia. The mortality rate was calculated, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with mortality. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the survival rates at 1, 5, 10 and 15 years. RESULTS There were 5728 patients with CHD studied, with 1543 (27%) lesions resolved spontaneously, 322 (5.6%) were treated with comfort care, 1189 (21%) required no intervention, and 2674 (47%) needed surgery or intervention. The overall mortality rate was 15%, with a median age of death of 3.7 months (IQR 0.9-9.8 months). Preoperative/intervention death was observed in 300 (11%), and 68 (3.2%) children died within 30 days of surgery or intervention. The overall estimated survival at 1, 5, 10 and 15 years was 88%, 85%, 84% and 83%, respectively. The independent factors associated with mortality were male gender, associated syndrome or extra-cardiac defect, pulmonary hypertension, antenatal diagnosis and severe lesions. CONCLUSIONS Eight out of 10 patients with CHDs survived up to 15 years of age. However, 10% of CHDs who require intervention die before the procedure. Thus, improving congenital cardiac surgery and enhancing the overall healthcare system are crucial to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nizam Mat Bah
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Aina Salwa Kasim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hanafi Sapian
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Lim SH, Lim YC, Zaki RA, Johari BM, Chang CY, Omar SFS, Azzeri A, Dahlui M, Kamarulzaman A. Prevalence and predictors of post-acute COVID syndrome among infected healthcare workers at University Malaya Medical Centre. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298376. [PMID: 38626017 PMCID: PMC11020391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post Acute COVID Syndrome (PACS), a complex and poorly understood condition characterised by persistent symptoms following the acute phase of COVID-19 infection, has emerged as a significant global health concern. Healthcare workers who had been at the forefront of the pandemic response are at heightened risk of contracting the virus and subsequently developing PACS. Therefore, we aim to determine the prevalence and risk factors for PACS among healthcare workers infected with COVID-19. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2022 and August 2023 using an online REDCap electronic data capture tool questionnaire. PACS was defined as new or persistent symptoms lasting more than 28 days after a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction or rapid test kit antigen test. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine predictors associated with PACS. RESULTS Among 609 infected healthcare workers, they were predominantly female (71.8%), Malays (84.6%), and aged 18-39 years (70.1%). 50.7% of infected healthcare workers experienced PACS. The most common PACS symptoms experienced were fatigue (27.9%), cough (25.1%), decreased physical strength (20.5%), and musculoskeletal pain (19.2%). Those who are more likely to develop PACS were females, underlying asthma, and COVID-19 severity category 3. On the other hand, those who received booster vaccinations were less likely to develop PACS. CONCLUSION PACS is prevalent among healthcare workers with COVID-19 at the University Malaya Medical Centre. These findings emphasise the critical need for those with higher risk to receive regular health monitoring and checkups to detect any early signs of PACS. It underscores the need for continuous support and healthcare interventions to mitigate the impacts of PACS and ensure the physical and mental well-being of healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Say Hiang Lim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Cheng Lim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bushra Megat Johari
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellent for Research in AIDS (CERIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yuan Chang
- Centre of Excellent for Research in AIDS (CERIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Faridah Syed Omar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellent for Research in AIDS (CERIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Azzeri
- Department of Research Development and Innovation, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Community Health Unit, Department of Primary Care Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Research Development and Innovation, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, University Taylor’s Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellent for Research in AIDS (CERIA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Khoo CMJ, Dea EZQ, Law LY, Wong SST, Ng KY, Bakhtiar A. Acceptability of COVID-19 booster vaccine in malaysia: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8421. [PMID: 38600166 PMCID: PMC11006945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the high efficacy and safety demonstrated in clinical trials, COVID-19 booster vaccination rates in Malaysia remain below 50% among the general public. This study explores the factors influencing public acceptance of the COVID-19 booster vaccine among the Malaysian population. The questionnaire included variables on sociodemographics, knowledge, and the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs. Based on the Chi-squared test of contingencies, a t-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis on 411 collected responses, the findings revealed that older participants, individuals of Chinese ethnicity, and those with higher education levels and incomes were more willing to accept booster vaccinations. The analysis further identified perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived barriers as significant predictors influencing booster vaccination acceptance rates. Healthcare policymakers may consider targeting interventions to diminish the obstacles associated with booster vaccinations. These intervention strategies include implementing health intervention programmes, such as public health awareness initiatives, to raise awareness of the risks and severity of COVID-19, ultimately encouraging higher uptake of booster vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Minn Jee Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eve Zhi Qing Dea
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Yeow Law
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Siew Tong Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Athirah Bakhtiar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Chong DWQ, Jayaraj VJ, Ab Rahim FI, Syed Soffian SS, Azmi MF, Mohd Yusri MY, Mohamed Sidek AS, Azmi N, Md Said R, Md Salleh MF, Abu Bakar N, Shahar H, Abdul Rashid RM, Samad SA, Ahmad Z, Ismail MS, A. Bakar A, Hj Jobli NM, Sararaks S. Study protocol for a mixed methods approach to optimize colorectal cancer screening in Malaysia: Integrating stakeholders insights and knowledge-to-action framework. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299659. [PMID: 38593177 PMCID: PMC11003698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer is a growing global health concern and the number of reported cases has increased over the years. Early detection through screening is critical to improve outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer. In Malaysia, there is an urgent need to optimize the colorectal cancer screening program as uptake is limited by multiple challenges. This study aims to systematically identify and address gaps in screening service delivery to optimize the Malaysian colorectal cancer screening program. METHODS This study uses a mixed methods design. It focuses primarily on qualitative data to understand processes and strategies and to identify specific areas that can be improved through stakeholder engagement in the screening program. Quantitative data play a dual role in supporting the selection of participants for the qualitative study based on program monitoring data and assessing inequalities in screening and program implementation in healthcare facilities in Malaysia. Meanwhile, literature review identifies existing strategies to improve colorectal cancer screening. Additionally, the knowledge-to-action framework is integrated to ensure that the research findings lead to practical improvements to the colorectal cancer screening program. DISCUSSION Through this complex mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, this study will explore the complex interplay of population- and systems-level factors that influence screening rates. It involves identifying barriers to effective colorectal cancer screening in Malaysia, comparing current strategies with international best practices, and providing evidence-based recommendations to improve the local screening program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Woei-Quan Chong
- Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Centre for Health Services Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Vivek Jason Jayaraj
- National Institutes of Health, Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, NIH Manager’s Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Fathullah Iqbal Ab Rahim
- Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Centre for Health Equity Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Mohd Yusaini Mohd Yusri
- Bandar Sri Jempol Health Clinic, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Bandar Seri Jempol, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Shanwani Mohamed Sidek
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Bahru, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norfarizan Azmi
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Tuanku Ja’afar, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Rosaida Md Said
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Serdang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Firdaus Md Salleh
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norasiah Abu Bakar
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Bahru, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hamiza Shahar
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Shazimah Abdul Samad
- Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Zanita Ahmad
- Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Safiee Ismail
- Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Adilah A. Bakar
- Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Sondi Sararaks
- Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institutes of Health, Director’s Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Wan Puteh SE, Razali H, Ismail A, Zulkifli M. Health status based on EQ-5D-5L for the cancer patient population in Malaysia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8152. [PMID: 38589488 PMCID: PMC11001969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The EQ-5D is a common generic tool used in clinical trials and economic evaluations to evaluate the health-related quality of life as a proxy of health outcomes. To date, studies using EQ-5D-5L to evaluate the health status of cancer patients remain scarce in Malaysia. In this study, EQ-5D-5L dimensions, EQ-5D-5L index, and EQ-VAS scores were applied to assess the health status of Malaysian cancer patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted March-December 2022 to collect data relevant to the EQ-5D-5L valuation of health status via the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) platform. Respondents rated their health states using EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS. Among the 235 respondents, the mean EQ-5D-5L index and EQ-VAS score were 0.76 (SD 0.223) and 81.06 (SD 16.36). Most of the patients reported some problems in the pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression dimensions. The level of education, stage of cancer, and comorbidity were significantly associated with better health status on EQ-5D-5L (p < 0.05) but only the stage of cancer was significantly associated with EQ-VAS scores. This study highlighted the disparities in self-reported health status across patients of different sociodemographic and medical profiles with EQ-5D-5L valuation. Thus, future research should use EQ-5D norm scores as a benchmark of comparison among cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hasyimah Razali
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah Branches, Campus Sg. Petani, 08400, Merbok, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Aniza Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jalan Universitas No. 21 Kampus USU, Medan, 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Malina Zulkifli
- School of Quantitative Sciences, Northern University of Malaysia, UUM Sintok, 06010, Kedah, Malaysia
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Alias H, Mohd Ranai N, Lau SCD, de Sonneville LMJ. Neuropsychological task outcomes among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Malaysia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7915. [PMID: 38575744 PMCID: PMC10995164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study intended to explore the neuropsychological ramifications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors in Malaysia and to examine treatment-related sequelae. A case-control study was conducted over a 2-year period. Seventy-one survivors of childhood ALL who had completed treatment for a minimum of 1 year and were in remission, and 71 healthy volunteers were enlisted. To assess alertness (processing speed) and essential executive functioning skills such as working memory capacity, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and sustained attention, seven measures from the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks (ANT) program were chosen. Main outcome measures were speed, stability and accuracy of responses. Mean age at diagnosis was 4.50 years (SD ± 2.40) while mean age at study entry was 12.18 years (SD ± 3.14). Survivors of childhood ALL underperformed on 6 out of 7 ANT tasks, indicating poorer sustained attention, working memory capacity, executive visuomotor control, and cognitive flexibility. Duration of treatment, age at diagnosis, gender, and cumulative doses of chemotherapy were not found to correlate with any of the neuropsychological outcome measures. Childhood ALL survivors in our center demonstrated significantly poorer neuropsychological status compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidah Alias
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Norashikin Mohd Ranai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 47000, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sie Chong Doris Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Leo M J de Sonneville
- Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Manirajan P, Sivanandy P, Ingle PV. Enhancing knowledge, attitude, and perceptions towards fall prevention among older adults: a pharmacist-led intervention in a primary healthcare clinic, Gemas, Malaysia. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:309. [PMID: 38566052 PMCID: PMC10988811 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls and fall-related injuries are very common among older adults, and the risk of falls increases with the aging process. The lack of awareness of falls and fall-related injuries among older adults can contribute to an increasing risk of falls. Hence, a study was carried out to improve the knowledge, attitude, and perception of falls and fractures among older adults in a primary care setting in Gemas, a rural area of the Selangor state of Malaysia. METHOD A structured educational intervention was provided to older adults who visited the primary care setting in Gemas and provided written informed consent to participate in the study. A total of 310 older adult patients was included in the study using a convenience sampling technique. RESULTS Before the intervention, 74.84% of the respondents (n = 232) agreed that falls and related fractures are the leading causes of hospital admission among older adults. In post-intervention, the number of respondents who agreed with this statement increased to 257 (82.91%). At baseline, 28 respondents (9.03%) had poor knowledge, 160 respondents (51.61%) had average knowledge levels, and 122 respondents (39.35%) had good knowledge. In post-intervention, respondents with poor and average knowledge reduced to 1.93% (n = 6) and 29.35% (n = 91) respectively. A majority of respondents' knowledge levels improved significantly after the intervention (n = 213; 68.71%). About eight respondents (2.58%) had a negative perception of falls. In post-intervention, the percentage reduced to 0.65% as only two respondents had a negative perception. A total of 32 types of fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) have been prescribed to the respondents. A strong correlation (r = 0.89) between pre- and post-intervention knowledge was shown among the respondents. Paired t-test analysis showed a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION The pharmacist-led educational intervention significantly improved the knowledge, attitude, and perception of falls among older adults. More structured and periodical intervention programmes are warranted to reduce the risk of falls and fractures among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Manirajan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Palanisamy Sivanandy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Pravinkumar Vishwanath Ingle
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ching SM, Cheong AT, Yee A, Thurasamy R, Lim PY, Zarina II, Lee KW, Taher SW, Ramachandran V. Prevalence and factors associated with burnout among healthcare providers in Malaysia: a web-based cross-sectional study. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:851-863. [PMID: 37556104 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the determinants of burnout among healthcare providers in the primary care setting. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1280 healthcare providers aged 18 years and older from 30 primary care clinics in Selangor, Malaysia. In this study, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to assess burnout. The results were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of personal burnout was 41.7%, followed by work-related burnout (32.2%) and client-related burnout (14.5%). The determinants for personal burnout in this study were younger age, being a doctor, higher COVID-19 exposure risk, do not know where to seek help, inability to handle stress, poorer sleep quality score, higher total COVID-19 fear score, higher total stress score, and lower total BRS score. The determinants of work-related burnout were younger age, being a doctor, longer years of working, higher COVID-19 exposure risk, do not know where to seek help, lower altruistic score, poorer sleep quality score, higher total stress score, and lower total brief resilience score (BRS) score. The determinants of client-related burnout were doctor, single/divorced, more than one attachment site, and higher satisfaction toward the infection control, inability to handle stress, higher total depression score, and lower total BRS score. CONCLUSION Every fourth out of ten suffered from personal burnout, one-third from work-related burnout, and one-seventh from client-related burnout among healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare systems must take care of healthcare workers' physical and emotional depletion, reducing the risk of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew-Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Ai Theng Cheong
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Anne Yee
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramayah Thurasamy
- School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Poh Ying Lim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Irmi Ismail Zarina
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sri Wahyu Taher
- Klinik Kesihatan Simpang Kuala, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Vasudevan Ramachandran
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Taman Batu Muda, 68100, Kuala Lumpur, Batu Caves, Malaysia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Noh MAM, Hairi FM, Nordin ASA, Yee A, Tajuddin NAA, Hasan SI, Danaee M, Kamaludin IS, Subramaniyan M, Pravinassh R, Kaai SC, Driezen P, Yan M, Xu SS, Quah ACK, Fong GT. Prevalence and reasons for use of heated tobacco products among Malaysian adults who smoked: Findings from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Malaysia Survey. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 257:111131. [PMID: 38428371 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been rapid expansions in heated tobacco products (HTPs) outside of Japan and the Republic of Korea. In November 2018, HTPs were first introduced in Malaysia and since then, no studies have been conducted on Malaysians' use of HTPs. This study is the first to examine the prevalence of HTP use and reasons for use among Malaysian adults who smoked cigarettes. METHODS Data came from the 2020 ITC Malaysia Survey, a web-based survey of a nationally representative sample of adults who smoked (n=1047) aged 18 and older. They were asked on ever heard of, ever used, and currently using HTPs, and their reasons for using HTPs. RESULTS Overall, 25.4% (n= 324; 95% CI:22.3%-28.7%) of Malaysians who smoked reported ever used HTPs with 6.7% (n=85; 95% CI:22.3%-28.7%) were using them daily and 8.1% (n=110; 95% CI:6.4% -10.2%) were using HTPs non-daily. Most of them (57.2%) who dual use were of aged 25-39 and 97.3% were males. Among those who smoked daily, almost half (49.3%) were also using HTP daily. Among those who used HTPs daily and non-daily, curiosity (84.2%, 95% CI:78.4%-90.0%), taste (83.2%, 95% CI:77.3%-89.1%), and appealing technology (78.5%, 95% CI:71.3%-85.6%) were the most reported reasons. Among those who used HTPs daily, curiosity was the top reason (87.9%, 95% CI:78.9%-93.4%), while among non-daily, taste good was the top reason (81.9%, 95% CI:71.9%-88.8%). CONCLUSIONS The very high use of HTPs among Malaysians who smoked requires continued public health surveillance that can inform the regulation of these novel tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Alfakri Mat Noh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Nicotine Addiction Research Group, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anne Yee
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amani Ahmad Tajuddin
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Idayu Hasan
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud Danaee
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ina Sharyn Kamaludin
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muniswary Subramaniyan
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Pravinassh
- Nicotine Addiction Research Group, University of Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Susan C Kaai
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pete Driezen
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mi Yan
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steve S Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne C K Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rajaratnam S, Azman A. Violence and trauma encountered by Rohingya women fleeing to Malaysia: a qualitative study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:233-240. [PMID: 38006427 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Rohingya women are doubly marginalized owing to their ethnicity and gender. Therefore, this study aims to describe the unique experiences of violence faced by Rohingya women who fled Myanmar and Bangladesh to seek asylum in Malaysia before, during, and after their transit. Primary data were collected from 33 participants comprising Rohingya women refugees and asylum seekers, medical social workers, medical officials, volunteer workers/activists, refugee organization officers, and a mental health care provider. Thematic analysis was used to identify the patterns in and relationships between the concepts in the collected data. Rohingya women were exposed to various forms of violence and trauma by various groups of men, including those from their own community, throughout their journey to and in Malaysia. The lack of recognition of refugees and asylum seekers in Malaysia prevents them from having mainstream or legal access to jobs, education, and healthcare, and this predicament compounds their suffering from violence, especially for women and girls. Rohingya women and girls in Malaysia need better access to healthcare, resources, and support to identify and address violence, which has a significant impact on their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendran Rajaratnam
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Azlinda Azman
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
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15
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Che-Kamaruddin N, Hamid NFS, Idris LH, Yusuff FM, Ashaari ZH, Yahaya H, Sahimin N, Isa NMM. Prevalence and risk factors of fasciolosis in a bovine population from farms in Taiping, Malaysia. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 49:100998. [PMID: 38462308 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a zoonotic disease, considered an emerging neglected tropical disease threatening ruminant productivity and causing economic losses. Controlling fasciolosis is challenging due to the complex life cycle of Fasciola, which involves snail intermediate hosts. The high rainfall status in Taiping makes it an optimal region for snail abundance, which increases the opportunity to complete Fasciola's life cycle. Previous studies showed that liver condemnation caused by fasciolosis was highly prevalent in the Taiping abattoir compared to other investigated main abattoirs of Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, the present study determined the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and risk factors in farms from Larut and Matang (Taiping), Malaysia. Sampling was carried out from February until August 2020. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 371 fecal samples from bovines (dairy cattle, beef cattle, buffalo) were examined from 23 farms selected based on location, farmer consent, and history of anthelmintic usage. Animal's intrinsic and farm management details were recorded, and interview sessions were conducted with farmers to collect information on the potential risk factors. Individual fecal samples were examined for the presence of Fasciola egg using Flukefinder® sedimentation. There was moderate prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in Taiping (36.9%, n = 137/371). Significant risk factors (p < 0.05) were observed, which include buffalo group (OR = 9.5, 95% CI: 9.44-9.55), age of >3 years (OR = 5.5, 95% CI: 5.43-5.57), thinner animals with body condition score of 1 to 4 (OR = 1.2-14.9, 95% CI: 1.09-15.08), and larger grazing area (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.30-1.31). Additional risk factors include the presence of more than one ruminant species in the same farm (OR = 2.0-2.1, 95% CI: 2.00-2.22), extensive housing system (OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 3.77-4.23), farm age (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.20-1.21), and also co-infection with Paramphistomes (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.10-1.71). The present study underscores the importance of local bovine fasciolosis epidemiology, which could be used to conduct future veterinary and public health programmes to inform effective parasitic management aimed at reducing the prevalence of fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Che-Kamaruddin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Fazila Saulol Hamid
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Lokman Hakim Idris
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zulfa Hanan Ashaari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hasmawati Yahaya
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norhidayu Sahimin
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nur Mahiza Md Isa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
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Wan Puteh SE, Aazmi MS, Aziz MN, Kamarudin N‘A, Sam JIC, Thayan R, Wan Mahiyuddin WR, Wan Mohamed Noor WN, Cheong A, El Guerche-Séblain C, Khor J, Zamri EN, Lam JY, Sekawi Z. Cross-sectional study of influenza trends and costs in Malaysia between 2016 and 2018. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301068. [PMID: 38517867 PMCID: PMC10959333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While influenza circulates year-round in Malaysia, research data on its incidence is scarce. Yet, this information is vital to the improvement of public health through evidence-based policies. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the trends and financial costs of influenza. METHODS Data for the years 2016 through 2018 were gathered retrospectively from several sources. These were existing Ministry of Health (MOH) influenza sentinel sites data, two teaching hospitals, and two private medical institutions in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Expert consensus determined the final estimates of burden for laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). Economic burden was estimated separately using secondary data supplemented by MOH casemix costing. RESULTS Altogether, data for 11,652 cases of ILI and 5,764 cases of SARI were extracted. The influenza B subtype was found to be predominant in 2016, while influenza A was more prevalent in 2017 and 2018. The distribution timeline revealed that the highest frequency of cases occurred in March and April of all three years. The costs of influenza amounted to MYR 310.9 million over the full three-year period. CONCLUSIONS The study provides valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of influenza in Malaysia. The findings reveal a consistent year-round presence of influenza with irregular seasonal peaks, including a notable influenza A epidemic in 2017 and consistent surges in influenza B incidence during March across three years. These findings underscore the significance of continuous monitoring influenza subtypes for informed healthcare strategies as well as advocate for the integration of influenza vaccination into Malaysia's national immunization program, enhancing overall pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh
- Department of Community Health, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shafiq Aazmi
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Noor ‘Adilah Kamarudin
- Department of Community Health, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamal I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Thayan
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin
- Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Jean Khor
- Medical Department, Sanofi, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Eva Nabiha Zamri
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Jia-Yong Lam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zamberi Sekawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wong JW, Tan JH, Abraham RE, Jauhar Ali SN, Kok SY, Tan HCL, Tan JH, Ni H. A comparative study of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers in Johor, Malaysia during the Covid-19 era. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37415. [PMID: 38518019 PMCID: PMC10956993 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has a significant impact on the mental health of the global population. Updates are needed regarding the mental health status among the local population since limited studies were done so far. This research compared the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among HCWs and non-HCWs. We also evaluated the factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms among these 2 groups. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between September to December 2022. Online questionnaire was distributed to HCWs from 2 tertiary government hospitals. Non-HCWs from various occupational fields were recruited randomly. Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) were used to screen for anxiety and depression symptoms respectively. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 28.0. 200 questionnaires were distributed to HCWs and non-HCWs respectively. The response rate was 74.5% from HCWs and 82.5% from non-HCWs (P = .07). A total of 236 individuals (105 HCWs and 131 non-HCWs) were included in the study. Majority were female, married, highly educated and worked more than 8 hours per day. There was no significant difference for the prevalence of anxiety (37.2% vs 44.3%, P = .34) and depression symptoms (37.3% vs 35.1%, P = .75) between HCWs and non-HCWs. Among HCWs, poor workplace support (P = .009) and low income (P = .04) were associated with anxiety symptoms. Younger age (P = .02), single status (P = .01) and poor workplace support (P = .006) were associated with depression symptoms. More non-HCWs with a higher educational level were having anxiety and depression symptoms. Single status (P = .03), working away from home (P = .02), poor family support (P = .03) and quarantine as Covid-19 close contact (P = .04) were also associated with depression symptoms among non-HCWs. There is no significant difference between HCWs and non-HCWs experiencing possible anxiety or depressive symptoms in this study. However, attention should be paid to address associated factors identified among each group to promote good mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen Wong
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia
| | - Jun Hui Tan
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Si Yin Kok
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia
| | - Henry Chor Lip Tan
- Department of General Surgery, KPJ Bandar Dato Onn Specialist Hospital, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Jih Huei Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Han Ni
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia
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18
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Anuwar AHK, Ng CW, Safii SH, Saub R, Ab-Murat N. Modelling the national economic burden of non-surgical periodontal management in specialist clinics in Malaysia using a markov model. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:346. [PMID: 38500175 PMCID: PMC10949624 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-surgical periodontal treatment is the mainstay of periodontal treatment. In Malaysia, the prevalence of periodontal disease is substantial among adults with almost half of them having periodontitis. Therefore, we estimated the economic burden of non-surgical periodontal treatment in specialist clinics in Malaysia. METHODS Relevant data from multiple data sources which include national oral health and health surveys, national census, extensive systematic literature reviews, as well as discussion with experts, were used to estimate the economic burden of non-surgical periodontal management in specialist clinics in Malaysia in 2020. This estimation was done from the oral healthcare provider's perspective in both public and private sectors using an irreducible Markov model of 3-month cycle length over a time horizon of one year. RESULTS In 2020, the national economic burden of non-surgical periodontal treatment during the first year of periodontal management in specialist clinics in Malaysia was MYR 696 million (USD 166 million), ranging from MYR 471 million (USD 112 million) to MYR 922 million (USD 220 million). Of these, a total of MYR 485 million (USD 115 million) and MYR 211 million (USD 50 million) were the direct oral healthcare cost in public and private dental clinics, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings of this study demonstrated substantial economic burden of non-surgical periodontal management in specialist clinics in Malaysia. Being a life-long disease, these findings highlight the importance of enforcing primary and secondary preventive measures. On the strength and reliability of this economic evidence, this study provides vital information to inform policy- and decision-making regarding the future direction of managing periodontitis in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainol Haniza Kherul Anuwar
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chiu Wan Ng
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Syarida Hasnur Safii
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Roslan Saub
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norintan Ab-Murat
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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19
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Senin A, Noordin NM, Sani JAM, Mahat D, Donadel M, Scobie HM, Omar A, Chem YK, Zahari MI, Ismail F, Rahman RA, Hussin HM, Selvanesan S, Aziz ZA, Arifin WNAWM, Bakar RSA, Rusli N, Zailani MH, Soo P, Lo YR, Grabovac V, Rota PA, Mulders MN, Featherstone D, Warrener L, Brown DW. A measles IgM rapid diagnostic test to address challenges with national measles surveillance and response in Malaysia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298730. [PMID: 38483868 PMCID: PMC10939268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A lateral flow rapid diagnostic test (RDT) enables detection of measles specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody in serum, capillary blood, and oral fluid with accuracy consistent with enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The objectives of the study were: 1) to assess measles RDT inter-reader agreement between two clinic staff; 2) to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the measles RDT relative to standard surveillance testing in a low transmission setting; 3) to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of staff in clinics using the RDT; and 4) to assess the impact of RDT testing on the measles public health response in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinic-based prospective evaluation included all suspected measles cases captured by routine measles surveillance at 34 purposely selected clinics in 15 health districts in Malaysia between September 2019 and June 2020, following day-long regional trainings on RDT use. Following informed consent, four specimens were collected from each suspected case, including those routinely collected for standard surveillance [serum for EIA and throat swabs for quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)] together with capillary blood and oral fluid tested with RDTs during the study. RDT impact was evaluated by comparing the rapidity of measles public health response between the pre-RDT implementation (December 2018 to August 2019) and RDT implementation periods (September 2019 to June 2020). To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of RDT use, staff involved in the public health management of measles at the selected sites were surveyed. RESULTS Among the 436 suspect cases, agreement of direct visual readings of measles RDT devices between two health clinic staff was 99% for capillary blood (k = 0.94) and 97% for oral fluid (k = 0.90) specimens. Of the total, 45 (10%) were positive by measles IgM EIA (n = 44, including five also positive by RT-qPCR) or RT-qPCR only (n = 1), and 38 were positive by RDT (using either capillary blood or oral fluid). Using measles IgM EIA or RT-qPCR as reference, RDT sensitivity using capillary blood was 43% (95% CI: 30%-58%) and specificity was 98% (95% CI: 96%-99%); using oral fluid, sensitivity (26%, 95% CI: 15%-40%) and specificity (97%, 95% CI: 94%-98%) were lower. Nine months after training, RDT knowledge was high among staff involved with the public health management of measles (average quiz score of 80%) and was highest among those who received formal training (88%), followed by those trained during supervisory visits (83%). During the RDT implementation period, the number of days from case confirmation until initiation of public response decreased by about 5 days. CONCLUSION The measles IgM RDT shows >95% inter-reader agreement, high retention of RDT knowledge, and a more rapid public health response. However, despite ≥95% RDT specificity using capillary blood or oral fluid, RDT sensitivity was <45%. Higher-powered studies using highly specific IgM assays and systematic RT-qPCR for case confirmation are needed to establish the role of RDT in measles elimination settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A’aisah Senin
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorliza M. Noordin
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamiatul A. M. Sani
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Diana Mahat
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Morgane Donadel
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Heather M. Scobie
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aziyati Omar
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yu K. Chem
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad I. Zahari
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatanah Ismail
- Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozita A. Rahman
- Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hani M. Hussin
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sengol Selvanesan
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zirwatul A. Aziz
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rehan S. A. Bakar
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Rusli
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. Hanif Zailani
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paul Soo
- Office of the World Health Organization Representative to Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam and Singapore, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Ying-Ru Lo
- Office of the World Health Organization Representative to Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam and Singapore, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Varja Grabovac
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Paul A. Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mick N. Mulders
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Lenesha Warrener
- Public Health Microbiology Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Brown
- Public Health Microbiology Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), London, United Kingdom
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Shahari S, Bin Abdullah ML, Binti Isman Rohimly AA, Binti Ashrat N, Amir A, Atroosh WMM, Fong MY, Lau YL. The prevalence of simian malaria in wild long-tailed macaques throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6023. [PMID: 38472278 PMCID: PMC10933401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The parasite Plasmodium knowlesi has been the sole cause of malaria in Malaysia from 2018 to 2022. The persistence of this zoonotic species has hampered Malaysia's progress towards achieving the malaria-free status awarded by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Due to the zoonotic nature of P. knowlesi infections, it is important to study the prevalence of the parasite in the macaque host, the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Apart from P. knowlesi, the long-tailed macaque is also able to harbour Plasmodium cynomolgi, Plasmodium inui, Plasmodium caotneyi and Plasmodium fieldi. Here we report the prevalence of the 5 simian malaria parasites in the wild long-tailed macaque population in 12 out of the 13 states in Peninsular Malaysia using a nested PCR approach targeting the 18s ribosomal RNA (18s rRNA) gene. It was found that all five Plasmodium species were widely distributed throughout Peninsular Malaysia except for states with major cities such as Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. Of note, Pahang reported a malaria prevalence of 100% in the long-tailed macaque population, identifying it as a potential hotspot for zoonotic transmission. Overall, this study shows the distribution of the 5 simian malaria parasite species throughout Peninsular Malaysia, the data of which could be used to guide future malaria control interventions to target zoonotic malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahhaziq Shahari
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Lutfi Bin Abdullah
- National Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, Ex-Situ Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia, 56100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anis Adlina Binti Isman Rohimly
- National Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, Ex-Situ Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia, 56100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsharina Binti Ashrat
- National Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, Ex-Situ Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia, 56100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amirah Amir
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Mun Yik Fong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ling Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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21
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Elsisi GH, Joe AY, Zain MM, Yusoof HM, Teh CL, Mohd AB, Khor XT, Isa LBM. Economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in Malaysia. J Med Econ 2024; 27:46-55. [PMID: 38468479 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2024.2316537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our cost-of-illness (COI) model adopted the perspective of both payer and society over a time horizon of 5 years to measure the economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Malaysia. METHODOLOGY Our COI model utilized a prevalence-based model to estimate the costs and economic consequences of SLE in Malaysia. The clinical parameters were obtained from published literature and validated using the Delphi panel. Direct and indirect medical costs were measured, including disease management, transient events, and indirect costs. One-way sensitivity analysis was also performed. RESULTS The number of target Malaysian patients with SLE in the COI model was 18,121. At diagnosis, the numbers of SLE patients with mild, moderate, and severe phenotypes were 2,582, 13,897, and 1,642, respectively. The total SLE cost in Malaysia over 5 years from both payer and society perspectives was estimated at MYR 678 million and 2 billion, respectively. The results showed a considerable cost burden due to productivity losses resulting from SLE-related morbidity and mortality. Over a 5-year time horizon, the costs per patient per year from the payer and society perspectives were MYR 7,484 ($4766) and 24,281($15,465), respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the substantial economic burden of SLE in Malaysia over a time horizon of 5 years. It affects adults of working age, in addition to the costs of SLE management and its consequences, such as flares, infection, and organ damage. Our COI model indicated that disease management costs among patients with higher disease severity were higher than those among patients with a mild phenotype. Hence, more attetion should be paid to limiting the progression of SLE and the occurrence of flares, with the need for further economic evaluation of novel treatments that could lead to better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan Hamdy Elsisi
- HTA Office, LLC, Cairo, Egypt
- Health Economics, Faculty of Economics, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ang Yu Joe
- Selayang Hospital, Lebuhraya Selayang - Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Cheng Lay Teh
- Hospital Umum Sarawak, Jalan Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Asmah Binti Mohd
- Tuanku Ja'afar Hospital, Jalan Rasah, Bukit Rasah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Jayaraj VJ, Husin M, Suah JL, Tok PSK, Omar A, Rampal S, Sivasampu S. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among children 6-11 years against hospitalization during Omicron predominance in Malaysia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5690. [PMID: 38454077 PMCID: PMC10920657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
There is currently limited data on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines for children aged 6-11 years in Malaysia. This study aims to determine vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-related hospitalization after receipt of one- and two-doses of BNT162b2 mRNA (Comirnaty-Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine over a duration of almost 1 year in the predominantly Omicron period of BA.4/BA.5 and X.B.B sub lineages. This study linked administrative databases between May 2022 and March 2023 to evaluate real-world vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the BNT162b2 mRNA (Comirnaty-Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine against COVID-19-related hospitalization in the Omicron pre-dominant period with BA.4/BA.5 and X.B.B sub lineages. During the Omicron-predominant period, the cumulative hospitalization rate was almost two times higher for unvaccinated children (9.6 per million population) compared to vaccinated children (6 per million population). The estimated VE against COVID-19 hospitalization for one dose of BNT162b2 was 27% (95% CI - 1%, 47%) and 38% (95% CI 27%, 48%) for two doses. The estimated VE against hospitalization remained stable when stratified by time. VE for the first 90 days was estimated to be 45% (95% CI 33, 55%), followed by 47% (95% CI 34, 56%) between 90 and 180 days, and 36% (95% CI 22, 45%) between 180 and 360 days. Recent infection within 6 months does not appear to modify the impact of vaccination on the risk of hospitalization, subject to the caveat of potential underestimation. In our pediatric population, BNT162b2 provided moderate-non-diminishing protection against COVID-19 hospitalization over almost 1 year of Omicron predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Jason Jayaraj
- Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Masliyana Husin
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jing Lian Suah
- Data, Analytics and Research, Central Bank of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peter Seah Keng Tok
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azahadi Omar
- Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay Rampal
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sheamini Sivasampu
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mohammad Johari MH, Tan ST. Internet addiction and its relationship with food choice motives and the risk of eating disorders among young adults in Malaysia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5643. [PMID: 38454136 PMCID: PMC10920804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown measures have dramatically altered the daily routines of young adults. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the relationships between internet addiction, food choice motives and the risk of eating disorders in young adults during the transition to the endemic phase of COVID-19. The Internet Addiction Test was utilised to evaluate the presence and severity of internet addiction among young adults. The Food Choice Questionnaire was employed to assess the food choice motives of young adults, while the risk of eating disorders was determined using the Eating Attitude Test-26. The relationships between internet addiction, food choice motives, and the risk of eating disorders were assessed using model 4 of the PROCESS macro for SPSS. The findings indicated that 29.0% of young adults experienced moderate-to-severe internet addiction, whereas 32.6% were at risk of eating disorders. Young adults were highly valued for the price, sensory appeal, and mood when deciding food choices. The relationship between internet addiction and the risk of eating disorders was partially mediated by convenience (b = - 0.211, SE = 0.140, - 0.548 to - 0.016) and familiarity (b = 0.219, SE = 0.122, 0.019 to 0.494). A significant direct effect was also observed between internet addiction and the risk of eating disorders (B = 0.793, p = 0.017). There is an urgent need to implement intervention strategies aimed at reducing problematic internet use, promoting healthier food choices, and fostering healthy eating habits among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haziq Mohammad Johari
- School of Graduate Studies, Management and Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Seksyen 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seok Tyug Tan
- Department of Healthcare Professional, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Seksyen 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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24
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Yasin RM, Tan MP, Said MA, Rasul MS, Thangiah N, Rizal H, Magli AS, Ithnin M, Majid HA, Ismail R, Su TT. TVET programme and health-related quality of life among low-income populations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1164056. [PMID: 38504686 PMCID: PMC10948447 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1164056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Education improves the economy and quality of life. The availability of skilled education in Malaysia is not restricted to the younger generation but is available to people of all ages, including those with low incomes. Methods This study used the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ- 5D-5L) tool during the COVID-19 pandemic to examine relationships between socio-demographics, knowledge, and attitudes towards education and outcomes of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Between September and October 2020 and January and February 2021, a cross-sectional study using a multi-stage sampling technique was carried out. Results A total of 1,997 adults participated, with a mean age of 45.17 (SD 14.113). In total, 74.9% had good knowledge, while 59.8% had a positive attitude towards skill education. In univariate analyses, the EQ-5D-5L score was related to age, income, education level, marital status, employment status, financial strain level, and knowledge and attitude towards skilled education. Generalised linear model analyses demonstrated that lower EQ-5D-5L scores were associated with older age, financial constraints, and a negative attitude towards skills education. However, additional adjustments for knowledge and attitude towards skills education show only an increase in age and financial strain was significant. Conclusion The findings suggest that appropriate strategies be implemented to increase low-income populations' knowledge and attitude towards skill education. Improving education may improve the quality of life for this vulnerable group. Additionally, a qualitative study can be conducted to determine the barriers to low-income households participating in skilled education to fill in the knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mas Ayu Said
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sattar Rasul
- STEM Enculturation Research Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Nithiah Thangiah
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hussein Rizal
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Muslimah Ithnin
- School of Health Sciences, KPJ Healthcare University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen Abdul Majid
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Population Health, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, AECC University College, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Rozmi Ismail
- Psychology and Human Wellbeing Research Centre, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Tin Tin Su
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) and Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Aziz NAI, Feisal NAS, Ibrahim TNBT, Cheah WY, Kamaludin NH. Respirable dust exposure impact on respiratory symptoms among cleaners in a Selangor Public University, Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2024; 79:110-116. [PMID: 38555894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cleaners perform a vital role in environmental health by keeping the place clean, but they are also exposed to various hazards. Yet, there is a lack of effective and accessible occupational safety standard measures, thus making this to be difficult to monitor the long-term health effects of cleaners. This study aims to determine the respirable dust exposure on respiratory symptoms among cleaners in a public university in Selangor. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out among 51 cleaners. The respondents' background information and respiratory symptoms were gathered using a series of standardised questionnaires validated by the American Thoracic Society (ATS-DLD-78-A). The 8- hour respirable dust exposure to cleaners was measured using an air sampling pump (Gillian & Sensodyne Gil Air 3). RESULTS The mean of respirable dust was lower than permissible exposure limit with 0.63±0.57mg/m3. The respiratory symptoms among the cleaners showed no significant association between cough, phlegm, and breathing difficulties with working tenure. Meanwhile, wheezing and coughing with phlegm have an almost significant association with working tenure among cleaners with (Χ2=1.00, p=0.08) and (Χ2=1.00, p=0.07) respectively. Exposure to respirable dust has exhibited 6 times the prevalence of coughing with phlegm among cleaners (PR=6.28, 95% CI: 0.44, 89.38). CONCLUSION The findings of this study demonstrated that the cleaners were significantly affected by the respirable dust. The cleaners' working environment has caused them to be exposed to respirable dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A I Aziz
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Environmental Health and Safety, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N A S Feisal
- Management and Science University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Science, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T N B T Ibrahim
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Occupational Health and Safety Risk Management (OHSeRM) Research Initiative, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W Y Cheah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Centre of Research in Development, Social and Environment (SEEDS), Bangi, Selangor Daul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - N H Kamaludin
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Environmental Health and Safety, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Ganasegeran K, Abdul Manaf MR, Safian N, Waller LA, Mustapha FI, Abdul Maulud KN, Mohd Rizal MF. How Socio-economic Inequalities Cluster People with Diabetes in Malaysia: Geographic Evaluation of Area Disparities Using a Non-parameterized Unsupervised Learning Method. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024; 14:169-183. [PMID: 38315406 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessments of epidemiological associations between health outcomes and routinely observed proximal and distal determinants of health are fundamental for the execution of effective public health interventions and policies. Methods to couple big public health data with modern statistical techniques offer greater granularity for describing and understanding data quality, disease distributions, and potential predictive connections between population-level indicators with areal-based health outcomes. This study applied clustering techniques to explore patterns of diabetes burden correlated with local socio-economic inequalities in Malaysia, with a goal of better understanding the factors influencing the collation of these clusters. Through multi-modal secondary data sources, district-wise diabetes crude rates from 271,553 individuals with diabetes sampled from 914 primary care clinics throughout Malaysia were computed. Unsupervised machine learning methods using hierarchical clustering to a set of 144 administrative districts was applied. Differences in characteristics of the areas were evaluated using multivariate non-parametric test statistics. Five statistically significant clusters were identified, each reflecting different levels of diabetes burden at the local level, each with contrasting patterns observed under the influence of population-level characteristics. The hierarchical clustering analysis that grouped local diabetes areas with varying socio-economic, demographic, and geographic characteristics offer opportunities to local public health to implement targeted interventions in an attempt to control the local diabetes burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurubaran Ganasegeran
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Clinical Research Center, Seberang Jaya Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 13700, George Town, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nazarudin Safian
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lance A Waller
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Feisul Idzwan Mustapha
- Public Health Division, Perak State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 30000, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud
- Earth Observation Centre (EOC), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Faid Mohd Rizal
- Earth Observation Centre (EOC), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Utap MS, Ng CJ, Lee YK, Kiyu A. Prevalence Trend and Clinical Profile of Leprosy Among the Indigenous Penan Community in Rural Baram, Sarawak, Malaysia: A Retrospective Study. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:219-224. [PMID: 38258742 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241227507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In Malaysia, despite achieving leprosy-elimination status in 1994, leprosy remains a public health issue among the indigenous Penan community in Sarawak. This study aimed to determine the prevalence trend and clinical profile of leprosy among the Penans in rural Baram, Sarawak, Malaysia. A retrospective records review was conducted on 10-year (2008-2018) time trend of annual prevalence rate and 5-year (2013-2018) Penan leprosy patient clinical profile. Out of the 257 new cases of leprosy reported in Sarawak, 42.8% were Penans, and 72.7% were from Baram. The annual Penan ethnic-specific prevalence rate ranged from 2.08 to 35.5/10 000. Forty-six cases were analyzed for clinical profile: There were more males, active case detection, and multibacillary leprosy. The prevalence trend of leprosy among the Penans in rural Baram exceeded recommended elimination targets. Majority of the cases were detected through active case detection, but cases were detected late. Interventions are needed to improve early diagnosis and detection to achieve elimination of leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chirk Jenn Ng
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yew Kong Lee
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Kiyu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
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Shohaime NA, Masngut MI, Aris MSM. Psychosocial assessment of quarantine (sign-on and sign-off) among oil and gas workers in Malaysia during COVID-19 outbreak. Med J Malaysia 2024; 79:96-103. [PMID: 38555892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 still wreaking havoc in Malaysia, with 3,221,680 cases and 32,326 deaths as of 20 February 2022. In the Oil and Gas industry, implementing quarantine before mobilising to or after mobilising from onshore and offshore locations was mandatory to help stop the spread of the virus. However, previous studies have shown that quarantine can significantly impact public mental health. This study intends to assess the psychosocial stress experienced by Oil and Gas industry employees during periods of quarantine in various regions (PMA: Terengganu, SBA: Sabah, SKA: Sarawak) and between onshore and offshore employees. Additionally, it aims to identify the factors that are linked to psychosocial stress in this workforce. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 86 respondents was conducted using an online survey between the middle of March and April 2022. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) developed by Cohen et al., (1983) was used to assess the stress levels of individuals. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS statistical program, which included descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis and Linear Regression tests. RESULTS The majority of respondents, 75.6% (n=65) reported moderate stress levels, while 14.0% (n=12) declared severe stress levels. The Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference in psychosocial stress scores among workers between onshore and offshore (χ2=-0.523, p=0.601), whereas the Kruskal Wallis test showed a significant difference in psychosocial stress scores among workers between states (PMA, SKA, and SBA) (χ2=6.415, p=0.040). According to the regression test, workers with medical histories of diabetes and Covid-19 (R2=0.158) (p<0.005) are two factors linked to psychosocial stress. CONCLUSION The study found that there were significant differences in psychosocial stress among oil and gas workers between SKA, SBA, and PMA due to quarantine activity. Mobile workers and those with certain medical histories were identified as being particularly vulnerable to psychosocial stress. However, it was noted that the overall improvement in the quarantine period had a positive impact on the mental health of these workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Shohaime
- Project Department, Gecmal Sdn. Bhd., Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M I Masngut
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Environmental Health and Safety Studies, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M S M Aris
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Environmental Health and Safety Studies, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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Singh JKA, Ling WH, Sivanesom RS, Huay CCS, Lan ACS. Age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and its association with child and family characteristics in a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia. Autism Res 2024; 17:637-649. [PMID: 38400514 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Despite the absence of a cure, early diagnosis and intensive early intervention can improve the outcomes. However, little is known about the median age at ASD diagnosis in Malaysia or the child/family characteristics associated with early diagnosis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the median age at ASD diagnosis among Malaysian children presenting to the country's largest public tertiary neurodevelopmental center and to investigate the possible demographic, child, and family characteristics associated with an early age at diagnosis. Data were collected between February 2017 and February 2019 from a database maintained by the child development unit of the country's largest publicly funded tertiary hospital, containing data from an ethnically diverse population. Among Malaysian children attending the clinic, the median age at ASD diagnosis was 48 months. Early autism diagnosis (<36 months of age) was associated with increased severity of social communication and interaction impairments, coexisting intellectual impairment, children from high socioeconomic status families, and children who receive joint care from their families and a maid or babysitter. The study findings highlight the socioeconomic inequalities in the country, a lack of parental awareness of early ASD signs, and the presence of cultural influences on the age at diagnosis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wong Hoi Ling
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Tunku Azizah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Cindy Chan Su Huay
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Tunku Azizah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Audrey Chong Shuk Lan
- Clinical Research Centre, Sabah Woman & Children's Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Noramira SM, Dom NC, Samsuri A. Assessing the impact of temperature on the duration of COVID-19 transmission in Terengganu, Malaysia: Implications for public health strategies. Med J Malaysia 2024; 79:122-127. [PMID: 38555896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic and its associated high morbidity and mortality, continues to be a significant public health concern. This study investigates the influence of temperature variables on COVID-19 transmission in Terengganu, Malaysia, which, despite having experienced a comparatively lower number of cases, presents a unique environment for understanding how temperature factors may play a critical role in virus transmission dynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a descriptive analysis to assess the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in our study area. To explore the relationship between temperature variables and COVID-19 transmission, we employed Pearson correlation analysis, examining the correlations between daily average, minimum, and maximum temperature data and the temporal distribution of COVID-19 cases as reported by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. This approach allowed us to comprehensively investigate the impact of weather on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. RESULTS Our findings reveal a noteworthy correlation (p<0.05) between average and maximum temperatures and COVID-19 transmission, highlighting the influence of weather on disease dynamics. Notably, exceptions were observed in the Hulu Terengganu district, where fewer than 10 cases occurred in each sub-district throughout the study period, warranting special consideration. CONCLUSION In summary, our study highlights the significance of temperature in shaping COVID-19 transmission. This stresses the importance of including weather variables in pandemic strategies. We also suggest comparing various cities to broaden our understanding of how weather affects disease spread, aiding future public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Noramira
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Environmental Health & Safety Studies, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N C Dom
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Environmental Health & Safety Studies, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - A Samsuri
- Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Malaysia
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Mustaffa M, Hairi NN, Majid HA, Choo WY, Hairi FM, Peramalah D, Kandiben S, Ali ZM, Abdul Razak I, Ismail N, Sooryanarayana R, Ahmad NS, Bulgiba A. Prevalence of Co-Occurrence of Physical Frailty and Malnutrition and Its Associated Factors Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in a Rural District, Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:210-218. [PMID: 38482611 DOI: 10.1177/10105395241238092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Frailty and malnutrition commonly co-occur but remains undetected and untreated in community settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of co-occurring frailty and malnutrition, and its associated factors among community-dwelling older adults in a rural setting in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged ≥ 60 residing in Kuala Pilah district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Physical frailty and nutritional status were assessed using the Fried phenotype and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), respectively. Among 1855 participants, 6.4% had co-occurring frailty and at-risk/malnutrition and 11.3% had co-occurring prefrailty and at-risk/malnutrition. Older age, fair-to-poor self-rated health, long-term disease, polypharmacy, activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs' disabilities, cognitive impairment, and poor social support were associated with higher odds of co-occurring frailty and malnutrition. Therefore, beside early identification, targeted intervention is crucial to prevent or delay the progression of frailty and malnutrition in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musastika Mustaffa
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noran Naqiah Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen Abdul Majid
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, AECC University College, Bournemouth, UK
- Centre for Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yuen Choo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Mohd Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devi Peramalah
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shathanapriya Kandiben
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Norliana Ismail
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Rajini Sooryanarayana
- Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Nur Sakinah Ahmad
- Mental Health, Injury and Violence Prevention and Substance Abuse Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Khor V, Sidhu S, Muhammad Afiq MFO, Pushpanathan M, Fahmy O, Khairul Asri MG, Azli S, Lee CKS. Urology services in a tertiary hospital: continuing work during the COVID-19 Movement Control Order in Malaysia. Singapore Med J 2024; 65:S35-S40. [PMID: 35139632 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2022008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Khor
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Simran Sidhu
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Mugialan Pushpanathan
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Omar Fahmy
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ghani Khairul Asri
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Azli
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christopher Kheng Siang Lee
- Department of Urology, Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Hospital Serdang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Vallennie V, Isa SNI, Mazlan AZ, Shaifuddin SNM. Impact of heat stress on health-related symptoms and physiological changes among workers at a palm oil mill in Mukah, Sarawak, Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2024; 79:82-87. [PMID: 38555890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The palm oil (PO) industry is one of the most important sectors in the Malaysian economy. Workers at PO mills are, however, at risk for a number of health and safety issues, including heat stress, as the PO is one of the industries with high heat exposure. Heat stress occurs when a person's body cannot get rid of excess heat. Heat stress can result in heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat rash, and heat stroke. It also results in physiological and psychological changes that can have an impact on a worker's performance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of heat stress on health-related symptoms and physiological changes among workers in a PO mill. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in a PO mill located in Mukah, Sarawak, Malaysia. Thirty-one workers from the four workstations (sterilizer, boiler, oil, and engine rooms) were selected as the respondents in this study. Wet Bulb Globe Thermometer was used in this study to measure the environmental temperature (WBGTin). Body core temperature (BCT), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded both before and after working in order to assess the physiological effects of heat stress on workers. A set of questionnaires were used to determine sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents and their symptoms related to heat stress. Data were then analyzed using SPSS Ver28. RESULTS The WBGTin was found to be above the ACGIH threshold limit value of heat stress exposure in the engine room, sterilizer, and boiler workstations (>28.0°C). Additionally, there was a significant difference in the worker's BCT in these three workstations before and after work (p<0.05). Only the systolic BP and HR of those working at the boiler workstation showed significant difference between before and after work (p<0.05). The most typical symptoms that workers experience as a result of being exposed to heat at work include headache and fatigue. However, statistical analysis using Spearman Rho's test showed that there is no correlation between heat stress level with physiological changes and health-related symptoms among study respondents (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Results of the present study confirmed that workers in PO mill were exposed to high temperatures while at work. Although the evidence indicates the physiological parameters in general are not significantly affected while working, it also demonstrated that worker's body adapts and acclimates to the level of heat. Even so, precautions should still be taken to reduce future heat exposure. It is recommended that a physiological study be carried out that focuses on cognitive function impairment to support the evidence regarding the effects of heat stress on PO mill workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vallennie
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Environmental Health and Safety Studies, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S N I Isa
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Z Mazlan
- Lake View College, Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Perak, Malaysia
| | - S N M Shaifuddin
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Environmental Health and Safety Studies, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Lee KT, Tan SK, Goh AS. Clinical characteristic and management of haemophilia patients in Malaysia: A single centre experience. Med J Malaysia 2024; 79:170-175. [PMID: 38553922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haemophilia is one of the commonest inherited bleeding disorders which may lead to long term disabilities if not treated properly. Our aim of study is to understand the clinical characteristic, treatment and complications of adult haemophilia patients in our centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional review of all adult haemophilia A (HA) or haemophilia B (HB) patients who received treatment in Hospital Pulau Pinang from January 2021 to December 2022 was conducted. Data was retrieved from patients' medical records. RESULTS A total of 75 haemophilia patients (64 HA and 11 HB) were included in this study with median age of 37 years (range 19 70). 42 of them had severe haemophilia (50% of HA, 91% of HB). All HB and 93.8% of severe HA patients were on prophylaxis. Six severe and one mild HA patients developed inhibitor with four of them currently on non-factor prophylaxis. 24 patients (32%) had prior hepatitis C infection and all of them have been successfully treated. The mean annual bleeding rate for severe haemophilia patients were 1.77 (SD ±3.6). Target joints were observed in 9.3% of patients with ankle joint (71.4%) being the most affected joint. More than one quarter (26.7%) of our patients have comorbidities with majority of them having hypertension (17/20), followed by diabetes mellitus (5/20) and ischemic heart disease (5/20). CONCLUSION Our study showed that a significant number of adult patients with haemophilia have comorbidities. Apart from optimising factor replacement therapy, future planning should include improvement in screening, risk modification and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Lee
- Hospital Pulau Pinang, Department of Medicine, Haematology Unit, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - S K Tan
- Hospital Pulau Pinang, Department of Medicine, Haematology Unit, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - A S Goh
- Hospital Pulau Pinang, Department of Medicine, Haematology Unit, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Htay MNN, Su TT, Donnelly M. Risk-Stratified Breast Cancer Screening in Malaysia: Challenges and Opportunities. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:785-791. [PMID: 38546061 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.3.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among Malaysian women. Current clinical practice guidelines (CPG) by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia comprise recommendations based on a risk stratification approach. AIM This paper reviewed and reflected on the challenges and uncertainties that needed to be considered regarding the implementation and delivery of risk-stratified breast cancer screening in Malaysia. METHODS Our iterative writing, discussions and reflections revolved around the results of key relevant literature search from the Ministry of Health Malaysia website, PubMed, and Google Scholar, and on feedback from local clinical experts in the field of breast cancer screening practice. The articles related to risk-stratified breast cancer screening, genetic testing, screening guidelines for the Malaysia population, and articles published in English were included in this narrative review. RESULT Further infrastructure and workforce capacity building is needed in order to achieve successful wider implementation e.g.; genetic counselling and testing services are limited in Malaysia. Furthermore, there is a need to elicit Malaysian women's views and evaluate their acceptance of risk-stratified breast cancer screening. The primary healthcare setting is an obvious potential avenue to introduce and deliver initial risk assessment and stratification. However, the workload and willingness of Malaysian primary healthcare doctors to practice risk-stratified screening is yet to be explored to have a better understanding on their perspective. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Identifying a valid and appropriate risk model tailored to the population profile and needs of Malaysian women and conducting a pilot project of risk-stratified screening, guided by implementation science would provide lessons and insights for policymakers, health service managers, and public and primary health care professionals. The results of these activities would increase the likelihood that decisions and plans would lead to the successful implementation in Malaysia of a sustainable and effective breast cancer screening strategy that incorporates a patient-sensitive, risk-stratified approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Nu Nu Htay
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University (Malaysia), Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Monash University (Malaysia), Jalan Lagoon, Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor State, Malaysia
| | - Michael Donnelly
- Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern, Ireland
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Suhairi MH, Mohamad M, Isa MR, Mohd Yusoff MAS, Ismail N. Risk factors for tuberculosis-related death among adults with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis in Selangor, Malaysia from 2013 to 2019: a retrospective cohort study using surveillance data. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080144. [PMID: 38413152 PMCID: PMC10900436 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to the paucity of literature on risk factors for tuberculosis (TB)-related death, we determine the sociodemographic and clinical risk factors associated with TB-related deaths among adult pulmonary TB (PTB) patients on treatment in Selangor, Malaysia. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Routinely collected primary care data from all government TB clinics in Selangor. PARTICIPANTS Data of 24 570 eligible adult PTB patients from 2013 to 2019 were obtained from Selangor's State Health Department surveillance records. We included PTB patients aged at least 15 years old at the time of diagnosis with complete documentation of the dates of diagnosis, treatment initiation, end of treatment/follow-up and treatment outcomes. We excluded patients whose diagnoses were changed to non-TB, post-mortem TB diagnosis and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES TB-related death, determined from the recorded physicians' consensus during the TB mortality meeting. RESULTS TB-related death was significantly associated with far (adjusted HR (aHR) 9.98, 95% CI 4.28 to 23.28) and moderately advanced (aHR 3.23, 95% CI 1.43 to 7.31) radiological findings at diagnosis; concurrent TB meningitis (aHR 7.67, 95% CI 4.53 to 12.98) and miliary TB (aHR 6.32, 95% CI 4.10 to 9.74) involvement; HIV positive at diagnosis (aHR 2.81, 95% CI 2.21 to 3.57); Hulu Selangor (aHR 1.95, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.93), Klang (aHR 1.53, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.98) and Hulu Langat (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.68) residing districts; no formal education (aHR 1.70, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.35); unemployment (aHR 1.54, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.84), positive sputum smear acid-fast bacilli (AFB) at diagnosis (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.85); rural residency (aHR 1.39, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.72) and advancing age (aHR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.03). CONCLUSIONS Far and moderately advanced radiological findings, concurrent TB meningitis and miliary TB involvement, HIV positive, Hulu Selangor, Klang and Hulu Langat residing districts, no formal education, unemployment, positive sputum smear AFB, rural residency and advancing age are risk factors of TB-related death. Our findings should assist in identifying high-risk patients requiring interventions against TB-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haikal Suhairi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Bahagian Pengurusan Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Mariam Mohamad
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Rodi Isa
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurhuda Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
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Aziz NA, Ibrahim A, Ramli R, Yaacob N, Rahman SNA, Ismail EHE, Omar AA. Comparison between hCG and GnRH Agonist for Ovulation Trigger in GnRH Antagonist In-Vitro Fertilization Cycles in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia: An observational study. JBRA Assist Reprod 2024; 28:21-26. [PMID: 38224580 PMCID: PMC10936917 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20230066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE hCG is commonly used as an ovulation trigger in IVF. Its usage is associated with OHSS. GnRH agonist is an alternative to hCG and is associated with reduced incidence of OHSS. This study compared the cycle outcomes of GnRH agonists with hCG as an ovulation trigger in IVF cycles. METHODS The medical notes of 209 IVF cycles receiving GnRH agonist and hCG as ovulation trigger over 18 months were reviewed in this retrospective study. The number and quality of mature oocytes, the number and quality of embryos, pregnancy rates, and outcomes were compared using Independent T-test or One-way ANOVA for normal distribution. The Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used for not normally distributed. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The cycle outcomes of 107 GnRH agonist-trigger and 102 hCG-trigger were compared. The MII oocytes retrieved and 2PN count was significantly higher in the GnRH agonist trigger group (p<0.001). Clinical pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy were higher in the GnRH agonist trigger group but were not statistically significant. The GnRH agonist trigger group was associated with low OHSS than the hCG trigger group (n=2(1.9%) and n=12(11.8%) respectively, p=0.004). CONCLUSION GnRH agonist trigger is an option as a final maturation trigger in high-responder women undergoing IVF or ICSI cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Azimah Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyneaecology, Hospital Universiti
Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Sultanah Nur
Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Adibah Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyneaecology, Hospital Universiti
Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Roziana Ramli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Sultanah Nur
Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nasuha Yaacob
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Sultanah Nur
Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nabillah Abdul Rahman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Sultanah Nur
Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Engku Husna Engku Ismail
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyneaecology, Hospital Universiti
Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Akram Omar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical
Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyneaecology, Hospital Universiti
Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Yap JF, Moy FM, Wan Ahmad WA, Lim YC. Assessing the effect of cardiovascular disease on work productivity and financial loss among school teachers in Peninsular Malaysia: a nested case-control study. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16906. [PMID: 38361766 PMCID: PMC10868520 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background School teachers may have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), potentially affecting their work productivity. However, limited data exists on the impact of CVD on teachers' productivity in Malaysia. Our objectives were to assess work productivity loss (absenteeism and presenteeism) as well as to determine the associated annual monetary loss among school teachers who experienced incident CVD in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods We adopted a nested case-control design within a cohort of school teachers. Working teachers from six states of Peninsular Malaysia, and had experienced incident CVD before a right-censored date (31st December 2021) were defined as cases. Incident CVD was operationally defined as the development of non-fatal acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke, congestive cardiac failure, deep vein thrombosis or peripheral arterial disease before the censored date. Controls were working teachers who did not acquire an incident CVD before the similar right-censored date. All controls were randomly selected, with a ratio of one case to four controls, from among the working teachers in one of the states in Peninsular Malaysia. We used a shortened version of the Malay-validated World Health Organization-Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ) to estimate the workplace productivity effect among teachers with incident CVD (cases). The same questionnaire was distributed to teachers in a single state of Peninsular Malaysia who did not experience incident CVD (controls). Absenteeism, presenteeism and annual monetary loss were computed based on the scoring rules in the WHO-HPQ. Analysis of covariance was performed with covariate adjustment using propensity scores. The bootstrapping method was applied to obtain better estimates of marginal mean differences, along with standard errors (SE) and appropriate effect sizes. Results We recruited 48 cases (baseline mean age = 42.4 years old, 54.2% females) and 192 randomly selected controls (baseline mean age = 36.2 years old, 99.0% females). The majority of the cases had ACS (73.9%). No significant difference was observed in absenteeism between cases and controls. The mean self-rated job performance score was lower for cases (7.63, SE = 0.21) compared to controls (8.60, SE = 0.10). Marginal mean scores of absolute presenteeism among cases (76.30) were lower (p < 0.05, eta squared = 0.075) than controls (85.97). The marginal mean annual cost of presenteeism was higher in cases (MYR 21,237.52) compared to controls (MYR 12,089.74) (p < 0.05, eta squared = 0.082). Conclusion Absolute presenteeism was lower among school teachers who experienced incident CVD and the annual cost of presenteeism was substantial. Implementing supportive work strategies in school settings is recommended to increase absolute presenteeism, which can lead to a reduction in the annual cost of presenteeism among teachers experiencing incident CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fai Yap
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Foong Ming Moy
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Azman Wan Ahmad
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yin Cheng Lim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ting CY, Abdul Halim NH, Ling JN, Tiong IK, Ahmad Shauki NIHJ, Lee YF, Osman NA, Chai GW, Ung SH, Ang M. The use of a multi-disciplinary geriatric telemedicine service (TELEG) and its acceptance at a tertiary care centre in Malaysia. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:133. [PMID: 38317117 PMCID: PMC10845621 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has fueled the widespread adoption of telemedicine in healthcare, particularly in Sarawak, Malaysia. This study investigates the use and acceptance of Sarawak's inaugural multidisciplinary geriatric telemedicine service, TELEG. METHODS This cross-sectional study took place at the Sarawak Heart Centre's geriatric department from July 1, 2021, to April 30, 2022. Convenient sampling included all TELEG-enrolled patients during this period, to achieve minimum sample size of 148. TELEG's utilization was assessed in terms of medication therapy and treatment plan optimization, as well as enhanced healthcare accessibility. Participants' acceptance of TELEG was measured using the Service User Technology Acceptability Questionnaire (SUTAQ) administered through Google Forms. Descriptive statistics percentages illustrated the proportion of participants who found TELEG moderately to highly acceptable. Associations between baseline characteristics and overall acceptance were explored through bivariate analyses, including Pearson's correlation test, independent t-test, and ANOVA. The influence of six SUTAQ dimensions on overall acceptance, multivariable linear regression using enter method was employed. Statistical significance was determined by p-values less than 0.5. RESULTS Among 180 geriatric patients enrolled in TELEG during the study period, 149 agreed to participate. TELEG led to medication therapy optimization for 88.6% of participants, primarily involving dose adjustment (44.7%), de-prescribing (31.8%), and prescribing (15.9%). Additionally, 53.8% received treatment plan optimization, predominantly in the form of self-care education (56.3%), referrals for further treatment (33.8%), additional laboratory investigations (29.6%), and increased monitoring (26.8%). Among those educated in self-care (n = 40), dietary intake (27.5%), lower limb exercise (25.0%), and COVID-19 vaccination (12.5%) were the most common topics. All participants expressed moderate to high acceptance of TELEG (mean = 4.9, SD = 0.65, on a scale of 1 to 6). Notably, care personnel concern (B = 0.256; p < 0.001) had the most significant impact on overall acceptance. CONCLUSION This pioneering study evaluates the utilization and user acceptance of a geriatric telemedicine service in the region, providing valuable insights to support its expansion. Follow-up surveys or interviews to gain insights into users' experiences are crucial to further enhance acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Yew Ting
- Pharmaceutical Services Division, Sarawak State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Jalan Diplomatik, Off Jalan Bako, Kuching, 93350, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Hidayati Abdul Halim
- Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Jia Nee Ling
- Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuching, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Izzah H J Ahmad Shauki
- Institute for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Yew Fong Lee
- Sarawak General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuching, Malaysia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Anizah Osman
- Pharmaceutical Services Division, Sarawak State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Jalan Diplomatik, Off Jalan Bako, Kuching, 93350, Malaysia
| | - Gin Wei Chai
- Sarawak Heart Centre, Ministry of Health, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Shin Han Ung
- Sarawak Heart Centre, Ministry of Health, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Melinda Ang
- Sarawak Heart Centre, Ministry of Health, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
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Mohamad Azranyi M, Aziz ZA, Ishak D, Mohd Nais NF, Elias ZA, Sulaiman NAF, Hashim KA, Ismail R, Nik Mahir NJ, Ngeow YF, Zin T. Five-year species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in Malaysia, 2018-2022. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38380521 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) is a group of mycobacteria distinct from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. They can cause opportunistic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals.Gap Statement. Over the last few years, there has been a growing concern regarding the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of NTM in Malaysia. however, a comprehensive study to fully grasp the NTM situation has yet to be conducted.Aim. This study aimed to investigate the species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of NTM isolated from clinical samples in Malaysia from 2018 to 2022.Methodology. A retrospective analysis was conducted on NTM isolates obtained from various clinical specimens over a span of five years. The isolates were identified using phenotypic and molecular techniques, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for clinically significant isolates were determined using minimum inhibitory concentration.Results. The study revealed a diverse distribution of NTM species in Malaysia, with Mycobacteroides abscessus complex and Mycobacterium avium complex emerging as the most predominant. Furthermore, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns showed varying degrees of resistance to commonly used antibiotics, highlighting the significance of treatment tailored to susceptibility testing results.Conclusion. This study provides valuable perspective into the epidemiology of NTM in Malaysia. The information gained from this study should prove useful for empirically treating serious NTM infections prior to species identification and the availability of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuzah Mohamad Azranyi
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zirwatul Adilah Aziz
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dayana Ishak
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farahanis Mohd Nais
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zaidatul Akmar Elias
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Khairul Azan Hashim
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohani Ismail
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Jasmin Nik Mahir
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yun Fong Ngeow
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thaw Zin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yeo JJP, Yeo LS, Tan SSN, Delailah DDRA, Lee SWH, Hu ATH, Foo DHP, Sahiran F, Yap IKS, Fong AYY. Prevalence of true resistant hypertension in those referred for uncontrolled hypertension in Malaysia: A comparison using different definitions. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:352-357. [PMID: 37673957 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Resistant hypertension is a well-recognised clinical challenge. However, the definition and epidemiology of true resistant hypertension (RH) are less understood, especially in Asia. This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of RH referred from primary care clinics based on various guidelines. RH was defined as blood pressure (BP) being above the threshold using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring despite adequate lifestyle measures and optimal treatment with ≥3 medications at maximally tolerated doses. Between one in four (n = 94, 24.0% using Malaysian guidelines) and up to two-thirds (n = 249, 63.7% using 2018 American guidelines) of adults referred for uncontrolled hypertension met the criteria of true RH. Of those with RH, a further one-quarter (n = 26, 26.6%) were deemed to have refractory hypertension (elevated BP despite treatment with at least 5 antihypertensive medications). Adults with RH were generally younger, more likely to be male, had a higher BMI and were more likely to have gout, CKD, and angina compared to those with controlled hypertension. The prevalence of RH amongst Asian adults with poor hypertension control is high. A concerted effort is needed to reduce the high burden of RH, especially among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jui Ping Yeo
- Clinical Research Center, Institute for Clinical Research, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Leh Siang Yeo
- Clinical Research Center, Institute for Clinical Research, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Shirley Siang Ning Tan
- Clinical Research Center, Institute for Clinical Research, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Anna Ting Huey Hu
- Clinical Research Center, Institute for Clinical Research, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Diana Hui Ping Foo
- Clinical Research Center, Institute for Clinical Research, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Faiz Sahiran
- Klinik Kesihatan Petra Jaya, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | | - Alan Yean Yip Fong
- Clinical Research Center, Institute for Clinical Research, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia.
- Department of Cardiology, Sarawak Heart Center, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.
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Frias L, Manin BO, Guerrero-Sánchez S, Sipangkui S, Chua TH. Detection of echinostomatid trematode eggs at the forest-oil palm interface in Sabah, Malaysia. Parasitology 2024; 151:181-184. [PMID: 38167272 PMCID: PMC10941037 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we report the occurrence of echinostomatid eggs in feces of wildlife, domestic animals and humans frequenting the forest–oil palm plantation interface in the Kinabatangan (Sabah, Malaysia), and discuss potential implications for public health. Using microscopy, we detected echinostomatid eggs in six host species, including Asian palm civets (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus [13/18]), leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis [3/4]), long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis [1/10]), domestic dogs [3/5] and cats [1/1], and humans [7/9]. Molecular analysis revealed a close genetic proximity of civet echinostomatids to Artyfechinostomum malayanum, a zoonotic parasite of public health relevance. The intermediate hosts for A. malayanum have been reported in at least 3 districts in Sabah, suggesting that all the necessary elements required for the completion of the parasite's life cycle are present. Our findings point at the presence of zoonotic trematodes in an area with high human–wildlife interaction and highlight the potential public and animal health concern of zoonotic trematode infection in the context of Southeast Asia's rapidly changing ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Frias
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Benny Obrain Manin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sergio Guerrero-Sánchez
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Tock H. Chua
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Sudin A, Chong C, Hassan R. Incidence and Factors Associated With Post-Sternotomy Pain Syndrome in the National Heart Institute, Malaysia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024; 38:466-474. [PMID: 38114372 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of poststernotomy pain syndrome (PSPS) after open cardiac surgery in 2021. To determine characteristics and assess the severity of symptoms in patients diagnosed with PSPS. To identify factors that can be associated with patients who were positive for PSPS. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY This study used a retrospective observational approach. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with the positive group. SETTING This study included all adult patients who underwent open cardiac surgery at the National Heart Institute, Malaysia, in 2021. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1,395 patients were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS The study involved conducting phone interviews to assess the presence of PSPS, followed by administering the Brief Pain Inventory questionnaire in the positive group to identify characteristics and severity of chronic pain. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The incidence of PSPS after open cardiac surgery in 2021 was 20.35%. A total of 17.7% of patients reported that pain affected their daily activities, sleep, or emotions. Univariate analysis identified factors associated with PSPS, including age <60 years old, body mass index >30 kg/m2, history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention, ejection fraction <50%, the absence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and internal mammary artery harvesting (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that 4 independent factors were associated with PSPS: age <60 years old, history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention, ejection fraction <50%, and the absence of CKD (as compared with CKD) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Poststernotomy pain syndrome is a complex issue affected by various factors. Although the pain score may not be as severe as previously believed, it remains crucial to recognize PSPS because a significant proportion of patients are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Sudin
- Anesthesia & Intensive Care department, National Heart Institute (IJN), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Collins Chong
- Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine & Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozaini Hassan
- Anesthesia & Intensive Care department, National Heart Institute (IJN), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chan CM, Wahab AA, Ali A. Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on epidemiological changes of severe pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infections in Malaysia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1246921. [PMID: 38356949 PMCID: PMC10866006 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1246921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization and mortality among children with respiratory tract infections. The non-pharmaceutical preventive measures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19) may have reduced the transmission of RSV, altering its tropical epidemiological seasonality. Thus, this study represents the first attempt to evaluate changes in RSV epidemiology in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. Methods Conducted at a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, this retrospective study analyzed collated data of children aged <12 years who were admitted for severe respiratory infections from 2017 to 2022. Time series models were used to predict the differences between actual and forecasted RSV cases, while logistic regression assessed the statistical association between RSV and COVID-19. Results Among the 4,084 children analyzed, we reported a significant inverse relationship between RSV and COVID-19 infections during the pandemic (2020-2021) (p < 0.05). In 2020, the RSV positivity rate sharply declined to 8.3 and 5.9%, respectively, in the two prominent seasons. Time series analysis showed a tremendous decrease in cases compared to the expected values, with reductions of 98.3% in the first season and 95.7% in the second season. However, following the lifting of the restriction order in 2022, RSV infections rose sharply with a positivity rate of 36.3%, higher than pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels. Conclusion This study provides evidence of increasing RSV cases post-COVID-19 pandemic, due to immunity debt. Hence, the healthcare system must be prepared to address future RSV outbreaks with the appropriate implementation of prophylaxis and public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Mun Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Research Center, Hospital Tunku Ampuan Besar Tuanku Aishah Rohani, UKM Specialist Children’s Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asrul Abdul Wahab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Research Center, Hospital Tunku Ampuan Besar Tuanku Aishah Rohani, UKM Specialist Children’s Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of IR4.0, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Infection and Immunology Health and Advanced Medicine Cluster, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ulaganathan V, Lye MS, Loh SP, Yap YY, Kandiah M, Augundhooa D, Bhattacharya T, Al-Olayan E, Wang C. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Inversely Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Hospital-Based Matched Case-Control Study in Malaysia. Nutrients 2024; 16:397. [PMID: 38337681 PMCID: PMC10857213 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Serum 25(OH)D deficiency consistently demonstrated molecular mechanisms through which chronic inflammation is associated with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to determine the association between serum 25(OH)D and NPC. A matched case-control study was conducted at two local hospitals. A total of 300 histologically confirmed NPC cases were matched with controls for age, gender, and ethnicity, and assessed for vitamin D status and other nutritional factors. Mean Vitamin D concentration was significantly lower among cases compared to controls (63.17 ± 19.15 nmol/L and 67.34 ± 23.06 nmol/L) (t = -2.41, p = 0.016). Multiple conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of serum 25(OH)D were associated with reduced odds of NPC (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.57-0.94, p = 0.016) controlling for confounders including BMI, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, consumption of food high in vitamin D, salted fish consumption, and family history of NPC. There was a significant association between inadequate serum 25(OH)D status with accumulation of four risk factors and increased odds of getting NPC using polynomial regression analysis. Increased NPC odds ratios were observed after sequential accumulation of additional risk factors with the presence of inadequate serum 25(OH)D status (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.27, 4.77, p = 0.322, OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.64, 1.72, p = 0.267, OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.73, 1.80, p = 0.067, OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.13, 3.31, p = 0.022, and OR = 5.55, 95% CI = 1.67, 10.3, p < 0.001 respectively). Future research in Malaysia should involve both prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials to confirm and further clarify the role of vitamin D in NPC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Ulaganathan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 43000, Malaysia; (M.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Munn Sann Lye
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Su Peng Loh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yoke Yeow Yap
- Graduate School of Medicine, KPJ Healthcare University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia;
- Otorhinolaryngology, KPJ Johor Specialist Hospital, Johor Bharu 80100, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mirnalini Kandiah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 43000, Malaysia; (M.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Digsha Augundhooa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 43000, Malaysia; (M.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- Faculty of Applied Science, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ebtesam Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
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Meijaard E, Erman A, Ancrenaz M, Goossens B. Pig virus imperils food security in Borneo. Science 2024; 383:267. [PMID: 38236988 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn3857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan, BS8111, Brunei
| | - Andi Erman
- Borneo Futures, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan, BS8111, Brunei
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan, BS8111, Brunei
- HUTAN-Kinabatangan Orangutan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Ahmad Azahari AHS, Hakim Zada F, Ismail IH, Abd Hamid IJ, Lim BWD, Ismail NAS, Ali A. Knowledge, awareness, and perception on genetic testing for primary immunodeficiency disease among parents in Malaysia: a qualitative study. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1308305. [PMID: 38283358 PMCID: PMC10811462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Immunodeficiency Disease (PID), also known as Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI), comprises a group of rare genetic disorders that impair the body's immune responses. These conditions result from monogenic germline mutations that affect the function of genes governing the innate and adaptive immune system. Therefore, individuals with PID are more susceptible to infectious diseases, allergies, and autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions. The prevalence of PID has been on the rise, with the number of classified diseases reaching 404, and 430 genetic defects reported to cause these conditions. However, in Malaysia, genetic testing for PID is currently limited and needs to be outsourced to overseas laboratories, posing financial challenges for families. Moreover, limited research has focused on the knowledge and awareness of genetic testing among parents of children with PID in Malaysia. This study aims to address this gap and provide valuable insights into the knowledge, awareness, and perception of genetic testing among this specific population. Method This qualitative cross-sectional study utilised online open-ended, semi-structured focus group interviews to explore the perceptions and experiences of parents of children with Primary Immunodeficiency (PID). Participants were recruited through convenience sampling from the Malaysian Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (MyPOPI), a non-governmental organisation dedicated to providing support and raising awareness about PID. The study spanned from May 2023 to July 2023 and included participants from diverse regions of Malaysia who had undergone different diagnostic journeys in various hospitals. Result The focus group discussions yielded 11 sub-themes that highlighted the experiences, understanding and challenges of the participants regarding genetic testing based on the semi-structured questions. These sub-themes were then grouped into four main themes that are awareness and understanding of genetic testing, the journey towards diagnosis and treatment, emotional impact and psychological factors, and the importance of medical experts in diagnosing and managing PID, as well as public perception and awareness. Conclusion In conclusion, this study highlights the diverse knowledge, awareness, and perception surrounding genetic testing for PID. Factors such as access to services, family history, and personal circumstances shape individuals' understanding of genetic testing. The importance of healthcare professionals, along with the need for improved accessibility and targeted communication strategies, is underscored to enhance understanding and reduce stigma surrounding genetic testing for rare diseases like PID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farheen Hakim Zada
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Intan Hakimah Ismail
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Intan Juliana Abd Hamid
- Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Institut Perubatan dan Pergigian Termaju, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Bruce Wee Diong Lim
- Malaysian Patient Organisation for Primary Immunodeficiencies (MyPOPI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Hospital Tunku Ampuan Besar Tuanku Aishah Rohani, UKM Specialist Children’s Hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adli Ali
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Hospital Tunku Ampuan Besar Tuanku Aishah Rohani, UKM Specialist Children’s Hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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48
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Tok PSK, Kang KY, Ng SW, Ab Rahman N, Syahmi MA, Pathmanathan MD, Appannan MR, Peariasamy KM, Sivasampu S. Post COVID-19 condition among adults in Malaysia following the Omicron wave: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296488. [PMID: 38181017 PMCID: PMC10769055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Post COVID-19 condition is an important public health problem as we emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of this condition and assess its associated factors and impact on health-related quality of life in a population setting in Malaysia. Study was conducted from April to June 2022 when the Omicron variant predominated. All individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection (RT-PCR, RTK-Ag) were invited for participation. Study questionnaires were delivered via the MySejahtera platform (mobile application). From the total of 44,386 participants who provided responses up to 3-months interval, 1,510 participants (3.4%) fulfilled the post COVID-19 condition criteria. Majority of the affected participants (83.8%, n = 1,265) experienced either cough, fatigue or forgetfulness-the three most common symptoms. Being females, having existing comorbidities, presence of symptoms and requiring hospital admission during the acute illness were associated with higher likelihoods of developing the post COVID-19 condition at 3-months interval. Amongst the 1,510 individuals, one in five had limitations in performing their usual daily activities while at least one in three expressed that their work was affected. Understanding this condition better is essential to guide strategic and responsive plans of action, which may require coordinated multidisciplinary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Seah Keng Tok
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong Yeow Kang
- Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Sock Wen Ng
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazida Ab Rahman
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohan Dass Pathmanathan
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Kalaiarasu M. Peariasamy
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheamini Sivasampu
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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49
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Ahmad NS, Karuppiah K, Praveena SM, Ali NF, Ramdas M, Mohammad Yusof NAD. Cracking the code: uncovering the factors that drive COVID-19 standard operating procedures compliance among school management in Malaysia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:556. [PMID: 38177620 PMCID: PMC10766613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaysia's government's decision to reopen schools during the COVID-19 outbreak, especially for students taking important exams, has alarmed the public. However, the Ministry of Education has implemented a COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for educational institutions. The school management's ability to protect children from COVID-19 rests on their understanding, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 SOP compliance. This study investigated Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, and Putrajaya school management's COVID-19 SOP compliance determinants. Multistage sampling was used to sample 740 school management from Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, and Selangor. A self-administered questionnaire collected sociodemographic, occupational, and lifestyle data, knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 SOP compliance. The school management had good knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 SOP. Monthly income, school location, smoking status, and physical activity differed significantly from KAP (p < 0.05). The correlation between KAP showed a significant relationship with the values (r = 0.348, p < 0.001) and (r = 0.358, p = 0.003). Nine independent variables strongly predicted SOPs compliance practice in multiple linear regression: knowledge, attitude, age, source of knowledge; Ministry of Health, physical activities, type of infectious disease exposed; Tuberculosis and Measles (p < 0.05). The data indicate that school management exhibits good knowledge, attitude, and compliance with SOPs during the pandemic. School management oversees SOPs, and to keep schools safe, management must analyse hazards and take action. Therefore, knowledge and attitude are expected to determine factors of practice toward COVID-19 SOP compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Sakinah Ahmad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Karmegam Karuppiah
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nina Fatma Ali
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Murugadas Ramdas
- Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof
- Engineering and Technology Department, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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50
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Mohd Hanapi IR, Behnke JM, Sahimin N, Saifulazmi NF, Golam Mohammad Khan ASJ, Abdul Mutalib RNS, Lau YL, Mohd Zain SN. Intestinal parasitic infections and risk analysis among urban refugees in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:18-32. [PMID: 37497742 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global studies show intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have been introduced and spread with refugee inflows from low to high socio-economic countries. However, there is relatively limited information on the prevalence of infections among the community. METHODS A 2-year cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for infections among urban refugees in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. A total of 418 faecal samples were collected and examined by microscopy. RESULTS Faecal screening revealed moderate levels (32.3%) of infections in the community. Three nematode (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm) and three protozoan species (Entamoeba, Giardia and Cryptosporidium) were recorded, with the highest prevalence being A. lumbricoides (20.6%) followed by T. trichiura (10.3%), while other infections were <5%. Statistical analysis found that young males with less education were more likely to be infected with helminths. Additionally, living near waste disposal sites, the presence of stray animals, eating with bare hands, bare footedness, poor handwashing practices and no anthelmintic treatment constituted significant risk factors for helminth infections. Protozoan infections were linked to drinking tap water or from water dispensers and poor handwashing practices. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasize the importance of health education in addition to introduction of biannual anthelmintic treatment to promote community health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzah Ruzana Mohd Hanapi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jerzy M Behnke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Norhidayu Sahimin
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fadlin Saifulazmi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Raisya Nur Syazmeen Abdul Mutalib
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyah of Allied Health Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Yee Ling Lau
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nursheena Mohd Zain
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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