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Petrič D, Mravčáková D, Kucková K, Čobanová K, Kišidayová S, Cieslak A, Ślusarczyk S, Váradyová Z. Effect of dry medicinal plants (wormwood, chamomile, fumitory and mallow) on in vitro ruminal antioxidant capacity and fermentation patterns of sheep. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1219-1232. [PMID: 32202350 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dry medicinal plants (wormwood, chamomile, fumitory and mallow) and dietary substrates containing a mix of the plants on the end products of in vitro ruminal and intestinal fermentation, rumen protozoan population and ruminal antioxidant capacity of sheep. The experiment consisted of fermentations with the four plants used individually as the sole substrate and fermentation of a mix of medicinal plants (Plants): meadow hay:barley grain (MH:B), 700/300 w/w and Plants:MH:B, 100/600/300 w/w/w. The experiment was conducted using the in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) with 35 ml of buffered inocula and approximately 250 mg (DM basis) of substrate incubated for 24 hr at 39°C in anaerobic conditions. Quantitative analyses of the bioactive compounds by ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry in Plants identified three main groups: flavonoids (22 mg/g DM), phenolic acids (15 mg/g DM) and alkaloids (3 mg/g DM). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the plant extracts and rumen fluid was analysed using a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The values of total and individual short-chain fatty acids, acetate:propionate ratio, pH and total gas production were significantly affected by the single plant substrates and inocula (p < .001). Apart from these parameters, the values of ammonia N, methane production and total gas produced were decreased in Plants:MH:B in comparison with MH:B (p < .001). A positive correlation was recorded between total polyphenols content and TAC of plant extracts (R2 = .778, p < .001). The counts of the total ciliate protozoan population in rumen fluid after 24 hr of fermentation were not significantly different (p > .05). Results suggest that the dietary substrate containing the medicinal plant mix possessed strong ruminal antioxidant capacity, had the potential to reduce methane emission and ammonia concentration and caused desirable changes in the gastrointestinal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Petrič
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Dominika Mravčáková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Kucková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Klaudia Čobanová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana Kišidayová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwester Ślusarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zora Váradyová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Martínez-Hernández GB, Vargas-Villa G, Jiménez-Ferrer E, García-Aguilar MP, Zamilpa A, Román-Ramos R, González-Cortazar M, Avilés-Flores M, Fuentes-Mata M, Herrera-Ruiz M. Anti-arthritic and anti- inflammatory effects of extract and fractions of Malva parviflora in a mono- arthritis model induced with kaolin/carrageenan. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1281-1291. [PMID: 32342135 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malva parviflora is used as food in the gastronomy of some regions of Mexico and, also, in Mexican traditional medicine for inflammation-related conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. The objective of this work was to evaluate its antiarthritic activity in a mice model. In ICR, female mice were tested the dichloromethane extract (MpD) and fractions MpF4 (extracted with a dichoromethane:methanol system) and MpFphy (a precipitate by acetone:methanol) by using the mono-arthritis with kaolin/carrageenan model. During the treatment, joint inflammation was measured daily, and hyperalgesia was measured using the hot plate test. The treatments diminished both joint inflammation and pain. At the end of the evaluation, the left joint and spleen were extracted for determination of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The results showed that the MpD, MpF4, and MpFphy treatments modulated the concentration of these proteins. Specifically, MpFphy at 1.0 mg/kg increased IL-4 and IL-10 and decreased IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α. GC-MS analysis showed that MpF4 contained a mixture of a total of nine compounds, three of them newly reported for the species. The studies confirmed the presence of five sterols in the MpFphy fraction, including stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. These results confirm the anti-rheumatoid and anti-inflammatory activities of a fraction rich in sterols from Malva parviflora. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Belen Martínez-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), México City, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa,, C.P.09340, México D.F, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Vargas-Villa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maribel Patricia García-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), México City, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa,, C.P.09340, México D.F, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rubén Román-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No.186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa,, C.P.09340, México D.F, Mexico
| | - Manasés González-Cortazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Maribel Herrera-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina 1, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico.
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Saleem U, Khalid S, Zaib S, Anwar F, Ahmad B, Ullah I, Zeb A, Ayaz M. Phytochemical analysis and wound healing studies on ethnomedicinally important plant Malva neglecta Wallr. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 249:112401. [PMID: 31739103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVENCE The use of herbal medicines is increasing in developed countries as alternative and/or supportive therapy to conventional health care medicines. Malva neglecta Wallr. (Family: Malvaceae) has been reported as wound healing remedy in traditional medicines, however no experimental data is available on its wound healing potentials. The aim of this study was to explore phytochemistry and validate wound healing potentials of the plant using animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS M. neglecta crude methanolic extract (Mn.Cme) was chemically characterized using HPLC-DAD and GCMS analysis. Acute dermal toxicity was determined in albino rats following Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 402 established standards. Wound healing potentials were evaluated in rats using excision wound model. Wounds (177 mm2) were made by an excision on the skin of rats which were placed individually in cages. Mn.Cme was formulated in ointment form and was applied topically onto the wound area once daily for 14 days. The wound area was measured with translucent paper and thereafter estimated on a 1 mm2 graph sheet every 3rd day until epithelialization and complete wound closure was recorded. Wound contraction was calculated as a percentage of the original wound size. Antioxidant potentials were also evaluated via FRAP, DPPH and H2O2 free radicals scavenging assays. RESULTS HPLC-DAD analysis revealed 25 phenolic compounds with higher amounts of hydrotyrosol (109.3 mg/g), coumaroylhexoside (97.4 mg/g), kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyldiglucoside)-7-glucoside (37.2 mg/g), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (31.5 mg/g) and epicatechin-3-O-(4-O-methyl)-gallate (31.3 mg/g). In GC-MS analysis, oleic acid (19.67%), taurine (17.60%), ethylene dimercaptan (14.67%), isoeugenol (14.61%), patchoulane (10.36%), methyl 12-methyltetradecanoate (8.47%) and isopropyl myristate (7.02%) were highly abundant compounds. No sign of toxicity was observed in the acute dermal toxicity test. Our test sample (Mn.Cme) exhibited considerable wound healing tendency at all doses (1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g per 10 g of ointment base) with reduced epithelialization period in a dose-related manner. Absolute healing was observed after application of 2 g of Mn.Cme ointment. Further, Mn.Cme exhibited considerable anti-radical potential in all assays. CONCLUSION It may be concluded that M. neglecta possess very potent secondary metabolites which are previously reported for wound healing potentials. The plant has considerable antioxidant and wound healing properties and thus warrant further studies to uncover the molecular mechanism its wound healing potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shigraf Zaib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Izhar Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Poonch, Rawalakot, AJK, Pakistan.
| | - Alam Zeb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18800, Pakistan.
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Rashidian G, Kajbaf K, Prokić MD, Faggio C. Extract of common mallow (Malvae sylvestris) enhances growth, immunity, and resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings against Yersinia ruckeri infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 96:254-261. [PMID: 31839587 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The dietary effects of a native medicinal plant from Iran, common mallow (Malvae sylvestris), was evaluated on growth performance, innate immune parameters, mucosal immune parameters, and resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against Yersinia ruckeri. Therefore, 360 fish (initial weight 10.42 ± 0.09 g) were randomly distributed into 12 fiberglass tanks. Experimental diets supplemented with 0 (as control- C), 1% (M1), 3% (M2) and 5% (M3) levels of M. sylvestris flowers extract were fed to the fish based on 3% of body weight for 8 weeks. At the terminal sampling, growth performance, liver and digestive enzymes activities, blood and mucosal immune responses were determined. Results showed that M2 and M3 had greater final weight, weight gain, SGR, survival rate and lower FCR; higher levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, and lower cortisol levels in comparison to control; 5% extract also lowered cholesterol and glucose levels as well as Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. We reported higher values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC) and lymphocytes for treated groups. Innate immune responses (Alternative complement activity (ACH50) in M2 and M3 group, total Immunoglobulin (Ig) and lysozyme in M3), mucosal immune parameters (ACH50, total Ig for M2 and M3 group and lysozyme in all treated groups) were enhanced. Activities of digestive enzymes (protease in all treated groups, amylase for 3 and 5%, while lipase only for 5%) and lower activity of liver ALT enzyme in individuals treated with highest dose was observed. Overall results indicated that the extract can positively affect growth performance and immune responses of rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Rashidian
- Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Kimia Kajbaf
- Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Marko D Prokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, S. Agata, Messina, Italy.
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Ben Salem I, Ouesleti S, Khammassi MA, Boulila A, Mabrouk Y. Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Microbiological Safety and Phytochemical Properties of Cooked Malva sylvestris L. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:2730713. [PMID: 30228983 PMCID: PMC6136492 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2730713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, recent studies have demonstrated that plant-derived foods were characterized by their richness in bioactive phytochemicals and their consumption has a protective effect for human health. The effects of ionizing radiation on phytochemical properties of cooked Malva sylvestris L. (Mallow) were investigated. Irradiation increased significantly (P<0.05) the total polyphenols and flavonoids content of cooked Mallow. Irradiation at 2 and 4 kGy doses resulted in a significant increase in the DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging ability of cooked Mallow extracts. There was no significant change on carbohydrate, lipid, ash, and protein content. While the mineral composition of K and Na was affected slightly after irradiation, the amounts of Mg, P, Ca, Fe, Z, and Cu remain unaffected at 2 kGy and reduced slightly at 4 kGy. The antimicrobial activity was unaffected after irradiation. Postirradiation storage studies showed that the cooked irradiated Mallow was microbiologically safe even after 20 days of storage period. Sensory properties of cooked irradiated Mallow were unaffected by the treatment. This study supports that cooking process followed by gamma irradiation did not compromise the chemical composition and sensory characteristics of Mallow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre of Nuclear Science and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Souad Ouesleti
- Laboratoire de Biochimie de l'Hôpital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Khammassi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre of Nuclear Science and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Abdennacer Boulila
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, National Institute of Research and Physico-Chemical Analyses, Biotechnopole of Sidi Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre of Nuclear Science and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
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Mahmoodi Esfanddarani H, Abbasi Kajani A, Bordbar AK. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using flower extract of Malva sylvestris and investigation of their antibacterial activity. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:412-416. [PMID: 29768222 PMCID: PMC8676169 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High-quality colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were synthesised via a green approach by using hydroalcoholic extracts of Malva sylvestris. Silver nitrate was used as a substrate ion while the plant extract successfully played the role of reducing and stabilising agents. The synthesised nanoparticles were carefully characterised by using transmission electron microscopy, atomic-force microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The maximum absorption wavelengths of the colloidal solutions synthesised using 70 and 96% ethanol and 100% methanol, as extraction solvents, were 430, 485 and 504 nm, respectively. Interestingly, the size distribution of nanoparticles depended on the used solvent. The best particle size distribution belonged to the nanoparticles synthesised by 70% ethanol extract, which was 20-40 nm. The antibacterial activity of the synthesised nanoparticles was studied on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations assays. The best antibacterial activity obtained for the AgNPs produced by using 96% ethanolic extract.
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Ko JH, Nam YH, Joo SW, Kim HG, Lee YG, Kang TH, Baek NI. Flavonoid 8-O-Glucuronides from the Aerial Parts of Malva verticillata and Their Recovery Effects on Alloxan-Induced Pancreatic Islets in Zebrafish. Molecules 2018; 23:E833. [PMID: 29617347 PMCID: PMC6017522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malva verticillata (Cluster mallow), a leafy vegetable that has been popular in East Asia for a long time, has also been used in herbal teas and medicines. The aqueous fraction of the aerial parts of Malva verticillata, exhibiting a very high quantity of flavonoids compared to the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, exhibited significant recovery effects on pancreatic islets damaged by alloxan in zebrafish larvae. Thus, the bioactive components responsible for this anti-diabetic activity were investigated. A new flavonoid glucuronide (1) and five known flavonoids were isolated from the aqueous fraction. Based on several spectroscopic methods, compound 1 was identified to be nortangeretin-8-O-β-D-glucuronide, and was named malvaflavone A. The A-ring of compound 1 had a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroxy moiety, which rarely occurs in plant systems. Also 8-O-glucuronide attached to the flavonoid moiety was rarely occurred in plant system. Compounds 1, 3, 4, and 6 significantly improved the pancreatic islet size in zebrafish at 0.1 μM, and compounds 1 and 6 were found to block β-cell K⁺ channels in experiments with diazoxide. In ABTS, ORAC, and SOD assays, compounds 1-5 exhibited high anti-oxidant activities compared with quercetin and BHA (positive controls), indicating that the 8-O-glucuronide attached to the flavonoid moiety is a key structure for the expression of anti-oxidant activity. This is the first report of the isolation of compounds 1-6 from M. verticillata as well evaluated for anti-diabetic and anti-oxidant ativities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Ko
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Youn Hee Nam
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Sun-Woo Joo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Hyoung-Geun Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Tong Ho Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
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Braga AS, Pires JG, Magalhães AC. Effect of a mouthrinse containing Malva sylvestris on the viability and activity of microcosm biofilm and on enamel demineralization compared to known antimicrobials mouthrinses. Biofouling 2018; 34:252-261. [PMID: 29430962 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1428957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial (anti-biofilm) and anti-caries (enamel demineralization prevention) effects of Malva sylvestris (Malvatricin® Plus) compared with known antimicrobial mouthrinses. Microcosm biofilm was produced on enamel, using inoculum from pooled human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (0.2% sucrose) for 14 days. The biofilm was treated with mouthrinses for 1 min day-1. Oral-B® Complete, Listerine® Zero and Malvatricin® Plus had the greatest effect on the reduction of biofilm viability (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, lactic acid production was reduced significantly with PerioGard®, Noplak® Max and Listerine® Zero compared with the control (p < 0.0001). No significant differences were found among the mouthrinses with respect to the colony-forming unit counting (total microorganisms, total streptococci, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli) and extracellular polysaccharide production. Enamel demineralization was reduced significantly with PerioGard®, Noplak® Max and Malvatricin® Plus compared with the control (p < 0.0001). Malva sylvestris has a comparable anti-caries effect to chlorhexidine mouthrinses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva Braga
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry , University of São Paulo , Bauru , SP , Brazil
| | - Juliana Gonçalves Pires
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry , University of São Paulo , Bauru , SP , Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry , University of São Paulo , Bauru , SP , Brazil
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Najafi H, Mohamadi Yarijani Z, Changizi-Ashtiyani S, Mansouri K, Modarresi M, Madani SH, Bastani B. Protective effect of Malva sylvestris L. extract in ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney and remote liver injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188270. [PMID: 29155898 PMCID: PMC5695808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) has had medicinal and therapeutic uses in addition to its oral consumption. The present study was conducted to examine the protective effect of Malva sylvestris L. extract on ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury and remote organ injuries in the liver. Before ischemia-reperfusion, rats in the different groups received intraperitoneal normal saline or mallow extract at the doses of 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg of body weight. After 30-minutes of bilateral renal ischemia followed by 24-hours of reperfusion, tissue damage in the kidney and liver samples were determined through studying H&E-stained slides under a light microscope. The degree of leukocyte infiltration and tissue mRNA expressions of TNF- and ICAM-1 were then measured to examine the degree of renal inflammation. The renal tissue MDA and FRAP levels were measured for determining the amount of oxidative stress. Plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea, ALT and ALP were also measured. Ischemia-reperfusion led to a significant increase in plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea, ALT and ALP, and renal tissue MDA, and a significant decrease in renal tissue FRAP. The expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the kidney tissue, the level of leukocyte infiltration and the amount of tissue damage in the kidney and liver also increased. Pretreatment by mallow extract led to a significant improvement in all the variables measured. The 200- and 400-mg doses yielded better results in most parameters compared to the 600-mg dose. The findings showed that mallow extract protects the kidney against ischemia-reperfusion and reduces remote organ injury in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houshang Najafi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Changizi-Ashtiyani
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Modarresi
- Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Madani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bahar Bastani
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Martins CAF, Campos ML, Irioda AC, Stremel DP, Trindade ACLB, Pontarolo R. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Malva sylvestris, Sida cordifolia, and Pelargonium graveolens Is Related to Inhibition of Prostanoid Production. Molecules 2017; 22:E1883. [PMID: 29099738 PMCID: PMC6150399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of plant extracts and preparations to reduce inflammation has been proven by different means in experimental models. Since inflammation enhances the release of specific mediators, inhibition of their production can be used to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of plants widely used in folk medicine for this purpose. The study was performed for leaves and flowers of Malva sylvestris, and leaves of Sida cordifolia and Pelargonium graveolens. These are three plant species known in Brazil as Malva. The anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and residual) was evaluated by quantitation of prostaglandins (PG) PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF2α, and thromboxane B₂ (the stable nonenzymatic product of TXA₂) concentration in the supernatant of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced RAW 264.7 cells. Inhibition of anti-inflammatory mediator release was observed for plants mainly in the crude extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and residual fraction. The results suggest superior activity of S. cordifolia, leading to significantly lower values of all mediators after treatment with its residual fraction, even at the lower concentration tested (10 μg/mL). M. sylvestris and P. graveolens showed similar results, such as the reduction of all mediators after treatment, with leaf crude extracts (50 μg/mL). These results suggest that the three species known as Malva have anti-inflammatory properties, S. cordifolia being the most potent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Leandro Campos
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 632 Lothário Meissner Avenue, Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Irioda
- Department of Pharmacy, Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, 1632 Silva Jardim Avenue, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil.
| | - Dile Pontarolo Stremel
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 632 Lothário Meissner Avenue, Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil.
| | | | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 632 Lothário Meissner Avenue, Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil.
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Cecotti R, Bergomi P, Carpana E, Tava A. Chemical Characterization of the Volatiles of Leaves and Flowers from Cultivated Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana and their Antimicrobial Activity Against the Aetiological Agents of the European and American Foulbrood of Honeybees (Apis melfifera). Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:1527-1530. [PMID: 30549614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the volatile fraction of Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana (L.) Boiss. (Malvaceae) was investigated. This plant species was cultivated in the southeastern Alps as an ingredient for herbal teas and infusions. Flowers and leaves were collected at the end of the summer season and separately steam- distilled to obtain two volatile oils, the yields of which were 0.019% for leaves and 0.012% for flowers. After GC-FID and GC-MS analyses, the two oils -revealed differences in the nature and especially in the proportion of their components, which were aldehydes, alcohols, phenolics, esters, hydrocarbons and acids. Eugenol was the single most abundant compound in the leaves, totalling 46.7% of the total oil, followed by phytol with 34.4%. Flowers showed a predominance of hydrocarbons, among which the anteiso branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon, 3-methyl tricosane, was the most abundant compound, accounting for 14.9% of the total volatiles. Eugenol ranked second with 10.3%, followed by the two linear-chain saturated hydrocarbons pentacosane and tricosane forming 8.2 and 7.7% of the total oil, respectively. The occurrence and the relative abundance of compounds from various chemical classes such as phenolics, hydrocarbons and aromatic aldehydes and alcohols are discussed, together with some of their ecological implications. The obtained volatile oils were than tested against two major honeybee (Apis mellifera) pathogens, namely Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius, the causative agents of the American and the European foulbrood, respectively.
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Benso B, Franchin M, Massarioli AP, Paschoal JAR, Alencar SM, Franco GCN, Rosalen PL. Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Osteoclastogenic and Antioxidant Effects of Malva sylvestris Extract and Fractions: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162728. [PMID: 27643502 PMCID: PMC5028055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Given their medical importance, natural products represent a tremendous source of drug discovery. The aim of this study was to investigate Malva sylvestris L. extract and fractions and their pharmacological activities followed by chemical identification. The aqueous fraction (AF) was identified as the bioactive fraction in the in vitro and in vivo assays. The AF controlled the neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity by 66%, inhibited the antiedematogenic activity by 58.8%, and controlled IL-1β cytokine expression by 54%. The in vitro viability tests showed a concentration-dependent effect, where the MSE and fractions at concentrations under 10 μg/mL were non-toxic to cells. Transcriptional factors of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), cathepsin K (Ctsk) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were analyzed by qPCR in RAW 264.7 cell lines. The gene expression analysis showed that the AF was the only treatment that could downregulate all the study genes: CAII, Ctsk and TRAP (p<0.05). TRAP staining was used to evaluate osteoclast formation. AF treatments reduced the number of osteoclastogenesis 2.6-fold compared to the vehicle control group. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) activity decreased 75% with the AF treatment. Moreover, the bioactive fraction had the ability to regulate the oxidation pathway in the ABTS (2,2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay with an activity equivalent to 1.30 μmol Trolox/g and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radicals 1.01 g/L. Positive ion ESI-mass spectrometry for molecular ions at m/z 611 and 633 confirmed rutin as the major compound in the AF. The AF of M. sylvestris presented anti-inflammatory, controlled osteoclastogenic mechanisms and antioxidant abilities in different in vitro and in vivo methods. In addition, we suggest that given its multi-target activity the bioactive fraction may be a good candidate in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Benso
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- * E-mail: (PLR); (BB)
| | - Marcelo Franchin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Adna Prado Massarioli
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas Augusto Rizzato Paschoal
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Riberao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Severino Matias Alencar
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilson Cesar Nobre Franco
- Department of General Biology, Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PLR); (BB)
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Benso B, Rosalen PL, Alencar SM, Murata RM. Malva sylvestris Inhibits Inflammatory Response in Oral Human Cells. An In Vitro Infection Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140331. [PMID: 26479870 PMCID: PMC4610699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Malva sylvestris extract (MSE) and fractions in a co-culture model of cells infected by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, we evaluated the phytochemical content in the extract and fractions of M. sylvestris and demonstrated that polyphenols were the most frequent group in all samples studied. An in vitro dual-chamber model to mimic the periodontal structure was developed using a monolayer of epithelial keratinocytes (OBA-9) and a subepithelial layer of fibroblasts (HGF-1). The invasive periodontopathogen A. actinomycetemcomitans (D7S-1) was applied to migrate through the cell layers and induce the synthesis of immune factors and cytokines in the host cells. In an attempt to analyze the antimicrobial properties of MSE and fractions, a susceptibility test was carried out. The extract (MIC 175 μg/mL, MBC 500μg/mL) and chloroform fraction (MIC 150 μg/mL, MBC 250 μg/mL) were found to have inhibitory activity. The extract and all fractions were assessed using a cytotoxicity test and results showed that concentrations under 100 μg/mL did not significantly reduce cell viability compared to the control group (p > 0.05, viability > 90%). In order to analyze the inflammatory response, transcriptional factors and cytokines were quantified in the supernatant released from the cells. The chloroform fraction was the most effective in reducing the bacterial colonization (p< 0.05) and controlling inflammatory mediators, and promoted the down-regulation of genes including IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, CD14, PTGS, MMP-1 and FOS as well as the reduction of the IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF protein levels (p< 0.05). Malva sylvestris and its chloroform fraction minimized the A. actinomycetemcomitans infection and inflammation processes in oral human cells by a putative pathway that involves important cytokines and receptors. Therefore, this natural product may be considered as a successful dual anti-inflammatory-antimicrobial candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Benso
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Severino Matias Alencar
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene and Division of Biomedical Sciences Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Trapecar M, Kelc R, Gradisnik L, Vogrin M, Rupnik MS. Myogenic progenitors and imaging single-cell flow analysis: a model to study commitment of adult muscle stem cells. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2014; 35:249-57. [PMID: 25380573 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-014-9398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research on skeletal muscles suffers from a lack of appropriate human models to study muscle formation and regeneration on the regulatory level of single cells. This hampers both basic understanding and the development of new therapeutic approaches. The use of imaging multicolour flow cytometry and myogenic stem cells can help fill this void by allowing researchers to visualize and quantify the reaction of individual cultured cells to bioactives or other physiological impulses. As proof of concept, we subjected human CD56+ satellite cells to reference bioactives follistatin and Malva sylvestris extracts and then used imaging multicolor flow cytometry to visualize the stepwise activation of myogenic factors MyoD and myogenin in individual cells. This approach enabled us to evaluate the potency of these bioactives to stimulate muscle commitment. To validate this method, we used multi-photon confocal microscopy to confirm the potential of bioactives to stimulate muscle differentiation and expression of desmin. Imaging multicolor flow cytometry revealed statistically significant differences between treated and untreated groups of myogenic progenitors and we propose the utilization of this concept as an integral part of future muscle research strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trapecar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia,
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Marrelli M, Loizzo MR, Nicoletti M, Menichini F, Conforti F. Inhibition of key enzymes linked to obesity by preparations from Mediterranean dietary plants: effects on α-amylase and pancreatic lipase activities. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2013; 68:340-346. [PMID: 24122547 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important strategy in the treatment of obesity includes the development of nutrient digestion and absorption inhibitors. Inhibition of digestive enzymes is one of the most widely studied mechanisms used to determine the potential efficacy of natural products as hypolipidemic and hypoglycaemic agents. In vitro studies here reported were performed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of five species(as hydroalcoholic extracts) of edible plants from Calabria region (Italy) on amylase and lipase by monitoring the hydrolysis of p-NPC and the hydrolysis of glycoside bonds indigestible carbohydrate foods. The formulation obtained from Clematis vitalba L. exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase (IC50=0.99 mg/ml) and on α-amylase(IC50=31.52 μg/ml). In order to explore metabolome production HPTLC analysis of the extracts was performed, revealing the predominance of (±)-catechin, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid in C. vital ba formulation at concentration of 23.18±3.14,13.63±0.65 and 18.88±0.76 mg/g, respectively. GC/MS analysis was used to identify fatty acids and terpene composition.
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Zayed MF, Eisa WH, Shabaka AA. Malva parviflora extract assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 98:423-428. [PMID: 23010627 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Five plant leaf extracts (Malva parviflora, Beta vulgaris subsp. Vulgaris, Anethum graveolens, Allium kurrat and Capsicum frutescens) were screened for their bioreduction behavior for synthesis of silver nanoparticles. M. parviflora (Malvaceae) was found to exhibit the best reducing and protecting action in terms of synthesis rate and monodispersity of the prepared silver nanoparticles. Our measurements indicate that biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles by M. parviflora produces Ag nanoparticles with the diameters in the range of 19-25 nm. XRD studies reveal a high degree of crystallinity and monophasic Ag nanoparticles of face-centered cubic structure. FTIR analysis proved that particles are reduced and stabilized in solution by the capping agent that is likely to be proteins secreted by the biomass. The present process is an excellent candidate for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles that is simple, easy to perform, pollutant free and inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat F Zayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
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17
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Ishtiaq S, Hassan SSU, Niaz U, Saeed MA. Identification and evaluation of counter-irritant potential of crude extract of Malva parviflora L. by WHO recommended methods. Pak J Pharm Sci 2012; 25:589-594. [PMID: 22713946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plenty of medicinal plants are available in Pakistan and are in human use as herbal medicines from ancient time. Present work is based on the evaluation of the use of Malva parviflora in skin irritation problems. For this purpose, powdered plant material (The aerial part and roots separately) was extracted by using successive solvent extraction method using petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol. Resulting three crude fractions were subjected to counter-irritant investigations on rabbit's ear. Petroleum ether fraction exhibited prominent counter-irritant potential. Five compounds named, as MP-1, MP-2, MP-3, MP-4 and MP-5 were isolated from petroleum ether extract by column and thin layer chromatography. These compounds were subjected to UV spectrophotometer for detection of absorption of light, then FTIR for specific functional group identification and counter-irritant potentials was evaluated on rabbit's ear skin. The MP-1 and MP-2 exhibited excellent counter-irritant activity in different dilutions than others. However, dilution 100 μg/ml showed maximum activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqa Ishtiaq
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Bouriche H, Meziti H, Senator A, Arnhold J. Anti-inflammatory, free radical-scavenging, and metal-chelating activities of Malva parviflora. Pharm Biol 2011; 49:942-946. [PMID: 21592013 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.558102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Malva parviflora L. (Malvaceae) is widely distributed throughout Africa. It has several uses in traditional medicinal practice. Leaves of this plant are used in the treatment of some inflammatory disorders. OBJECTIVE The anti-inflammatory and the antioxidant activities of the methanol extract (Met. E) and aqueous extract (Aq. E) of M. parviflora leaves were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Croton oil-induced ear edema and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability were applied as acute inflammatory models to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts. The antioxidant effects were evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay and the measurement of the metal-chelating activity. RESULTS Results demonstrated that Met. E inhibited the croton oil-induced ear edema by 57%. In contrast, the Aq. E did not show any activity. Furthermore, Met. E and Aq. E inhibited significantly the acetic acid-induced vascular permeability by 36 and 40%, respectively. However, Met. E and Aq. E exerted a strong scavenging activity with IC(50) values of 89.03 ± 2.65 and 76.67 ± 0.29 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, Met. E and Aq. E were able to chelate ferrous ions in a concentration-dependent manner. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that M. parviflora leaf extracts possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and thus have great potential as an interesting source for natural health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamama Bouriche
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif, Algeria.
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Mustafa A, Ali M. New steroidal lactones and homomonoterpenic glucoside from fruits of Malva sylvestris L. Acta Pol Pharm 2011; 68:393-401. [PMID: 21648194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extract of defatted fruits of Malva sylvestris Linn. (Malvaceae) led to the isolation of six new steroidal lactones and a homomonoterpenic glucoside along with beta-sitosterol-3-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The structures of new phytoconstituents have been elucidated as cholest-5-en-3a-ol-18(21)-olide (sylvestrosterol A), cholest-9(11)-en-3alpha-ol-18(21)-olide (sylvestrosterol B), cholest-4,6,22-trien-3alpha-ol-18(21)-olide (sylvestrosterol C), 2-methyl-6-methylene-n-decan-2-olyl- 3beta-D-glucopyranoside (malvanoyl glucoside), cholest-7-en-18(21)-olide-3alpha-olyl-3beta-D-glucopyranoside (sylvestrogenin A), cholest-9(11)-en-18(21)-olide-3alpha-olyl-3beta-D-glucopyranoside (sylvestrogenin B) and cholest-5-en-8(21)-olide-3alpha-olyl-3beta-D-glucopyranoside (sylvestrogenin C).The structures of all these phytoconstituents have been established on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhlaq Mustafa
- Drug Standardization Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
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Zhang S, Chen M, Li T, Xu X, Deng L. A newly found cadmium accumulator--Malva sinensis Cavan. J Hazard Mater 2010; 173:705-9. [PMID: 19767144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Screening hyperaccumulators and accumulators is a key step in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals. A pot experiment was conducted involving a soil Cd concentration gradient (0, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 mg kg(-1)) to determine if Malva sinensis Cavan. from two lead-zinc mines in Kangding and Yajiang in western Sichuan, China, is a Cd-hyperaccumulator. The highest Cd concentrations in plant shoots from Kangding and Yajiang were 154.30 and 122.77 mg kg(-1), respectively, at a soil Cd concentration of 200 mg kg(-1). The largest amounts of accumulation in plant shoots from Kangding and Yajiang were 700.5 and 1403.2 microg pot(-1), respectively. The bioconcentration factors in shoots were 0.53-1.03 for Kangding and 0.69-1.25 for Yajiang. Moreover, all translocation factors of plants from the two sites were over 1.0. Therefore, M. sinensis can be classified as a Cd-accumulator or non-standard Cd-hyperaccumulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Yaan 625014, PR China.
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DellaGreca M, Cutillo F, D'Abrosca B, Fiorentino A, Pacifico S, Zarrelli A. Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of Malva sylvestris. Nat Prod Commun 2009; 4:893-896. [PMID: 19731587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant capacity of the aqueous extract of Malva sylvestris was measured by its ability to scavenge the DPPH and superoxide anion radicals and to induce the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex. Analysis of the extract, carried out by different chromatographic techniques, led to the isolation of eleven compounds: 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, ferulic acid, methyl 2-hydroxydihydrocinnamate, scopoletin, N-trans-feruloyl tyramine, a sesquiterpene, (3R,7E)-3-hydroxy-5,7-megastigmadien-9-one, and (10E,15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoic acid. The antioxidant activities of all these compounds are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina DellaGreca
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Universiti Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 1-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Hiçsönmez U, Ereeş FS, Ozdemir C, Ozdemir A, Cam S. Determination of major and minor elements in the Malva sylvestris L. from Turkey using ICP-OES techniques. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 128:248-57. [PMID: 19083156 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana (L.) leaves were collected from different points in Muradiye region of Manisa-Turkey. The leaves were dissolved by wet digestion method using a mixture of mineral acid. Concentrations of Ag, Al, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, Sb, Si, Ti, U, Zn, and Zr in prepared solutions were determined by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). High Ca (13,848 mg/kg) and Mg (1,936 mg/kg) concentrations were found at the leaves. Obtained values were compared with the internationally permitted (standard) values. The results of elements were analyzed statistically (analysis of variance test). For different leaf sizes, concentration factors were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hiçsönmez
- Department of Chemistry, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
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Barbut S, Somboonpanyakul P. Effect of Crude Malva Nut Gum and Phosphate on Yield, Texture, Color, and Microstructure of Emulsified Chicken Meat Batter. Poult Sci 2007; 86:1440-4. [PMID: 17575194 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.7.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of crude malva nut gum (CMG) use (0.0, 0.2, 0.6%) and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) addition (0.0, 0.5%) on the cook loss, texture, color, and microstructure of mechanically deboned chicken meat batters was studied. Increasing the level of CMG (a gum currently not used by the meat industry) in batters without TPP significantly increased yield. The batters with both CMG and TPP showed lower cook and fat losses compared with batters with CMG alone. Using 0.2 or 0.6% CMG and 0.5% TPP provided higher hardness values compared with using 0.6% CMG alone. The batter with 0.5% TPP and the batters with both CMG and TPP showed higher springiness compared with batters with CMG alone. Increasing the CMG level to 0.6% reduced the lightness and redness of the cooked products. Overall, the study demonstrated the beneficial effect of using CMG and TPP in improving the yield, stability, and texture of emulsified meat batters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Barbut
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Abstract
The fungistatic activity of six aqueous extracts of plants were tested against Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. and Fusarium culmorum. The plants were, chamomile (Anthemis nobilis L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl.), French lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), malva (Malva sylvestris L.) and peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). The more concentrated extracts of chamomile and malva inhibited totally the growth of the tested fungi with malva the most effective one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Magro
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical (IICT), Trav. Conde da Ribeira 9, 1300-142 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Veshkurova O, Golubenko Z, Pshenichnov E, Arzanova I, Uzbekov V, Sultanova E, Salikhov S, Williams HJ, Reibenspies JH, Puckhaber LS, Stipanovic RD. Malvone A, a phytoalexin found in Malva sylvestris (family Malvaceae). Phytochemistry 2006; 67:2376-9. [PMID: 16996095 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The isolation and structure of a phytoalexin, malvone A (2-methyl-3-methoxy-5,6-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is reported. Malvone A formation is induced in Malva sylvestris L. by the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae. In a turbimetric assay for toxicity to V. dahliae, it had an ED50 value of 24 microg/ml. The structure of malvone A was determined by MS and NMR spectroscopy, and by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The X-ray analysis showed water molecules were located in channels that run along the a-axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Veshkurova
- A.S. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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Cutillo F, D'Abrosca B, Dellagreca M, Fiorentino A, Zarrelli A. Terpenoids and phenol derivatives from Malva silvestris. Phytochemistry 2006; 67:481-5. [PMID: 16403542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A sesquiterpene and a tetrahydroxylated acyclic diterpene as well as two known monoterpenes, 6 C(13)nor-terpenes and 11 aromatic compounds were isolated from the water extract of Malva silvestris. The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic NMR and MS analysis. Effects of these compounds on germination and growth of dicotyledon Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) were studied in the 10(-4)-10(-7)M concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cutillo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università Federico II, via Cynthia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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Abstract
Qualitative-quantitative structure of plant pigments in wild plants Malva silvestrs L. and Malva moschata L. (Malvaceae), which were collected in 20 locations in Sarajevo area and surroundings, was tested during spring and summer in 2003. Acetone extracts of both categories were made and rising paper-chromatography done for the purpose of qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis was done by spectrophotometry. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and xanthophylls presence was confirmed by separation of pigments from acetone extract of these plant species. Spectrophotometric analysis of acetone extracts showed these results (given in mg/L): chlorophyll a 2,386, chlorophyll b 0,332 and carrotenoides 1,037. Data given in mg/g dry substance are: chlorophyll a 1,193x10(-2), chlorophyll b 1,66x10(-3), and carrotenoides 5,185x10(-3). Pigments structure (in mg/L) in species Malva moschata is 1,6 for chlorophyll; 1,419 for chlorophyll b; and 0,364 for carrotenoides. Data given in mg/g are: chlorophyll a 8x10(-3), chlorophyll b 7,09x10(-3), and carrotenoides 1,82x10(-3). Considering that species Malva moschata L. grows on ecologically clear soils as opposed to well-known medicinal species Malvasylvestris L., and considering the production of phytomass, phytochemical structure and pharmacological influence it can be considered very medical and be given advantage over this wider spread category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulejman Redžić
- Lab. of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Science University of Sarajevo, 33-35 Zmaja od Bosne St., 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; E-mail:
- Corresponding author
| | - Nizama hodžić
- Lab. of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Science University of Sarajevo, 33-35 Zmaja od Bosne St., 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; E-mail:
| | - Mijat Tuka
- Private Pharmacy Shop “Kiseljak” Kiseljak, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Matławska I, Sikorska M. Flavonoids from flowers of Malva crispa L. (Malvaceae). Acta Pol Pharm 2004; 61:65-8. [PMID: 15259859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The following flavonoids were isolated and identified from the flowers of Malva crispa L.: kaempferol 3-O-beta-glucopyranoside, 3-O-(6"-tran-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 3,7-O-diglucoside as well as quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->6) -beta-D-glucopyranoside and apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. Their structures were established by chemical analysis, UV, 1H and 13C NMR spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Matławska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań 10 Sieroca Str.. 61-771 Poznań, Poland
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