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Schumacher S, Klose L, Lambertz J, Lütjohann D, Biemann R, Kuerten S, Fester L. The mitochondrial protease PARL is required for spermatogenesis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:44. [PMID: 38182793 PMCID: PMC10770312 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function plays an important role in the maintenance of male fertility. However, the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial defect-related infertility remain mostly unclear. Here we show that a deficiency of PARL (Parl-/-), a mitochondrial protease, causes complete arrest of spermatogenesis during meiosis I. PARL deficiency led to severe downregulation of proteins of respiratory chain complex IV in testes that did not occur in other tested organs, causing a deficit in complex IV activity and ATP production. Furthermore, Parl-/- testes showed an almost complete loss of HSD17B3, a protein of the sER responsible for the last step in testosterone synthesis. While testosterone production appeared to be restored by overexpression of HSD17B12, loss of the canonical testosterone synthesis led to an upregulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) and of LH-regulated responses. These results suggest an important impact of the downstream regulation of mitochondrial defects that manifest in a cell-type-specific manner and extend beyond mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schumacher
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Laura Klose
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Lambertz
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Fester
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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2
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Koník P, Skotnicová P, Gupta S, Tichý M, Sharma S, Komenda J, Sobotka R, Krynická V. The cyanobacterial FtsH4 protease controls accumulation of protein factors involved in the biogenesis of photosystem I. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2024; 1865:149017. [PMID: 37827327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound FtsH proteases are universally present in prokaryotes and in mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. These metalloproteases are often critical for viability and play both protease and chaperone roles to maintain cellular homeostasis. In contrast to most bacteria bearing a single ftsH gene, cyanobacteria typically possess four FtsH proteases (FtsH1-4) forming heteromeric (FtsH1/3 and FtsH2/3) and homomeric (FtsH4) complexes. The functions and substrate repertoire of each complex are however poorly understood. To identify substrates of the FtsH4 protease complex we established a trapping assay in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 utilizing a proteolytically inactivated trapFtsH4-His. Around 40 proteins were specifically enriched in trapFtsH4 pulldown when compared with the active FtsH4. As the list of putative FtsH4 substrates contained Ycf4 and Ycf37 assembly factors of Photosystem I (PSI), its core PsaB subunit and the IsiA chlorophyll-binding protein that associates with PSI during iron stress, we focused on these PSI-related proteins. Therefore, we analysed their degradation by FtsH4 in vivo in Synechocystis mutants and in vitro using purified substrates. The data confirmed that FtsH4 degrades Ycf4, Ycf37, IsiA, and also the individual PsaA and PsaB subunits in the unassembled state but not when assembled within the PSI complexes. A possible role of FtsH4 in the PSI life-cycle is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Koník
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Skotnicová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic
| | - Sadanand Gupta
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Tichý
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic
| | - Surbhi Sharma
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Krynická
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic.
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3
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Brangulis K, Drunka L, Akopjana I, Tars K. Structure of the Borrelia burgdorferi ATP-dependent metalloprotease FtsH in its functionally relevant hexameric form. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2024; 1872:140969. [PMID: 37852516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
ATP-dependent proteases FtsH are conserved in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, where they play an essential role in degradation of misfolded/unneeded membrane and cytosolic proteins. It has also been demonstrated that the FtsH homologous protein BB0789 is crucial for mouse and tick infectivity and in vitro growth of the Lyme disease-causing agent Borrelia burgdorferi. This is not surprising, considering B. burgdorferi complex life cycle, residing in both in mammals and ticks, which requires a wide range of membrane proteins and short-lived cytosolic regulatory proteins to invade and persist in the host organism. In the current study, we have solved the crystal structure of the cytosolic BB0789166-614, lacking both N-terminal transmembrane α-helices and the small periplasmic domain. The structure revealed the arrangement of the AAA+ ATPase and the zinc-dependent metalloprotease domains in a hexamer ring, which is essential for ATPase and proteolytic activity. The AAA+ domain was found in an ADP-bound state, while the protease domain showed coordination of a zinc ion by two histidine residues and one aspartic acid residue. The loop region that forms the central pore in the oligomer was poorly defined in the crystal structure and therefore predicted by AlphaFold to complement the missing structural details, providing a complete picture of the functionally relevant hexameric form of BB0789. We confirmed that BB0789 is functionally active, possessing both protease and ATPase activities, thus providing novel structural-functional insights into the protein, which is known to be absolutely necessary for B. burgdorferi to survive and cause Lyme disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalvis Brangulis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Laura Drunka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inara Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
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4
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Liu T, Wetzel L, Zhu Z, Kumaraguru P, Gorthi V, Yan Y, Bukhari MZ, Ermekbaeva A, Jeon H, Kee TR, Woo JAA, Kang DE. Disruption of Mitophagy Flux through the PARL-PINK1 Pathway by CHCHD10 Mutations or CHCHD10 Depletion. Cells 2023; 12:2781. [PMID: 38132101 PMCID: PMC10741529 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing 10 (CHCHD10) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein which is primarily mutated in the spectrum of familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Endogenous CHCHD10 levels decline in the brains of ALS-FTD patients, and the CHCHD10S59L mutation in Drosophila induces dominant toxicity together with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a protein critical for the induction of mitophagy. However, whether and how CHCHD10 variants regulate mitophagy flux in the mammalian brain is unknown. Here, we demonstrate through in vivo and in vitro models, as well as human FTD brain tissue, that ALS/FTD-linked CHCHD10 mutations (R15L and S59L) impair mitophagy flux and mitochondrial Parkin recruitment, whereas wild-type CHCHD10 (CHCHD10WT) normally enhances these measures. Specifically, we show that CHCHD10R15L and CHCHD10S59L mutations reduce PINK1 levels by increasing PARL activity, whereas CHCHD10WT produces the opposite results through its stronger interaction with PARL, suppressing its activity. Importantly, we also demonstrate that FTD brains with TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) pathology demonstrate disruption of the PARL-PINK1 pathway and that experimentally impairing mitophagy promotes TDP-43 aggregation. Thus, we provide herein new insights into the regulation of mitophagy and TDP-43 aggregation in the mammalian brain through the CHCHD10-PARL-PINK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Liam Wetzel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zexi Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Pavan Kumaraguru
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Viraj Gorthi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Mohammed Zaheen Bukhari
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Aizara Ermekbaeva
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Hanna Jeon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Teresa R. Kee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center & Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Jung-A Alexa Woo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - David E. Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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5
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Peters MK, Astafyeva Y, Han Y, Macdonald JFH, Indenbirken D, Nakel J, Virdi S, Westhoff G, Streit WR, Krohn I. Novel marine metalloprotease-new approaches for inhibition of biofilm formation of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7119-7134. [PMID: 37755512 PMCID: PMC10638167 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Many marine organisms produce bioactive molecules with unique characteristics to survive in their ecological niches. These enzymes can be applied in biotechnological processes and in the medical sector to replace aggressive chemicals that are harmful to the environment. Especially in the human health sector, there is a need for new approaches to fight against pathogens like Stenotrophomonas maltophilia which forms thick biofilms on artificial joints or catheters and causes serious diseases. Our approach was to use enrichment cultures of five marine resources that underwent sequence-based screenings in combination with deep omics analyses in order to identify enzymes with antibiofilm characteristics. Especially the supernatant of the enrichment culture of a stony coral caused a 40% reduction of S. maltophilia biofilm formation. In the presence of the supernatant, our transcriptome dataset showed a clear stress response (upregulation of transcripts for metal resistance, antitoxins, transporter, and iron acquisition) to the treatment. Further investigation of the enrichment culture metagenome and proteome indicated a series of potential antimicrobial enzymes. We found an impressive group of metalloproteases in the proteome of the supernatant that is responsible for the detected anti-biofilm effect against S. maltophilia. KEY POINTS: • Omics-based discovery of novel marine-derived antimicrobials for human health management by inhibition of S. maltophilia • Up to 40% reduction of S. maltophilia biofilm formation by the use of marine-derived samples • Metalloprotease candidates prevent biofilm formation of S. maltophilia K279a by up to 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kristin Peters
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yekaterina Astafyeva
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuchen Han
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jascha F H Macdonald
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Technology Platform Next Generation Sequencing, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Nakel
- Technology Platform Next Generation Sequencing, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sanamjeet Virdi
- Technology Platform Next Generation Sequencing, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Westhoff
- Tierpark Hagenbeck, Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft mbH, Lokstedter Grenzstraße 2, 22527, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ines Krohn
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany.
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6
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Ishita Y, Onodera A, Ekino T, Chihara T, Okumura M. Co-option of an Astacin Metalloprotease Is Associated with an Evolutionarily Novel Feeding Morphology in a Predatory Nematode. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad266. [PMID: 38105444 PMCID: PMC10753534 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals consume a wide variety of food sources to adapt to different environments. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the acquisition of evolutionarily novel feeding morphology remain largely unknown. While the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans feeds on bacteria, the satellite species Pristionchus pacificus exhibits predatory feeding behavior toward other nematodes, which is an evolutionarily novel feeding habit. Here, we found that the astacin metalloprotease Ppa-NAS-6 is required for the predatory killing by P. pacificus. Ppa-nas-6 mutants were defective in predation-associated characteristics, specifically the tooth morphogenesis and tooth movement during predation. Comparison of expression patterns and rescue experiments of nas-6 in P. pacificus and C. elegans suggested that alteration of the spatial expression patterns of NAS-6 may be vital for acquiring predation-related traits. Reporter analysis of the Ppa-nas-6 promoter in C. elegans revealed that the alteration in expression patterns was caused by evolutionary changes in cis- and trans-regulatory elements. This study suggests that the co-option of a metalloprotease is involved in an evolutionarily novel feeding morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ishita
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ageha Onodera
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Taisuke Ekino
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takahiro Chihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Misako Okumura
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Program of Basic Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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7
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Yang Q, Wang L, Liang Y, He Q, Sun Q, Luo J, Cao H, Fang Y, Zhou Y, Yang J, Wen P, Jiang L. Loss of UCP2 causes mitochondrial fragmentation by OMA1-dependent proteolytic processing of OPA1 in podocytes. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23265. [PMID: 37874273 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301055r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the onset and progression of podocyte injury and proteinuria. However, the process by which the change in the podocyte mitochondria occurs is not well understood. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a mitochondrial anion carrier protein, which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Here, we reported that mice with podocyte-specific Ucp2 deficiency developed podocytopathy with proteinuria with aging. Furthermore, those mice exhibited increased proteinuria in experimental models evoked by Adriamycin. Our findings suggest that UCP2 mediates mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating mitochondrial dynamic balance. Ucp2-deleted podocytes exhibited increased mitochondrial fission and deficient in ATP production. Mechanistically, opacity protein 1 (OPA1), a key protein in fusion of mitochondrial inner membrane, was regulated by UCP2. Ucp2 deficiency promoted proteolysis of OPA1 by activation OMA1 which belongs to mitochondrial inner membrane zinc metalloprotease. Those finding demonstrate the role of UCP2 in mitochondrial dynamics in podocytes and provide new insights into pathogenesis associated with podocyte injury and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuehong Liang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyu He
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongdi Cao
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Jongsma E, Goyala A, Mateos JM, Ewald CY. Removal of extracellular human amyloid beta aggregates by extracellular proteases in C. elegans. eLife 2023; 12:e83465. [PMID: 37728486 PMCID: PMC10541181 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' brains contain collagens and are embedded extracellularly. Several collagens have been proposed to influence Aβ aggregate formation, yet their role in clearance is unknown. To investigate the potential role of collagens in forming and clearance of extracellular aggregates in vivo, we created a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain that expresses and secretes human Aβ1-42. This secreted Aβ forms aggregates in two distinct places within the extracellular matrix. In a screen for extracellular human Aβ aggregation regulators, we identified different collagens to ameliorate or potentiate Aβ aggregation. We show that a disintegrin and metalloprotease a disintegrin and metalloprotease 2 (ADM-2), an ortholog of ADAM9, reduces the load of extracellular Aβ aggregates. ADM-2 is required and sufficient to remove the extracellular Aβ aggregates. Thus, we provide in vivo evidence of collagens essential for aggregate formation and metalloprotease participating in extracellular Aβ aggregate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Jongsma
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Anita Goyala
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - José Maria Mateos
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Collin Yvès Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
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Radaelli E, Assenmacher CA, Verrelle J, Banerjee E, Manero F, Khiati S, Girona A, Lopez-Lluch G, Navas P, Spinazzi M. Mitochondrial defects caused by PARL deficiency lead to arrested spermatogenesis and ferroptosis. eLife 2023; 12:e84710. [PMID: 37505079 PMCID: PMC10519710 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility are common manifestations associated with mitochondrial diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms linking these conditions remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that mice deficient for the mitochondrial intra-membrane rhomboid protease PARL, a recently reported model of the mitochondrial encephalopathy Leigh syndrome, develop early testicular atrophy caused by a complete arrest of spermatogenesis during meiotic prophase I, followed by degeneration and death of arrested spermatocytes. This process is independent of neurodegeneration. Interestingly, genetic modifications of PINK1, PGAM5, and TTC19 - three major substrates of PARL with important roles in mitochondrial homeostasis - fail to reproduce or modify this severe phenotype, indicating that the spermatogenic arrest arises from distinct molecular pathways. We further observed severe abnormalities in mitochondrial ultrastructure in PARL-deficient spermatocytes, along with prominent electron transfer chain defects, disrupted coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, and metabolic rewiring. These mitochondrial defects are associated with a germ cell-specific decrease in GPX4 expression leading arrested spermatocytes to ferroptosis - a regulated cell death modality characterized by uncontrolled lipid peroxidation. Our results suggest that mitochondrial defects induced by PARL depletion act as an initiating trigger for ferroptosis in primary spermatocytes through simultaneous effects on GPX4 and CoQ - two major inhibitors of ferroptosis. These findings shed new light on the potential role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases and male infertility warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, Comparative Pathology Core, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, Comparative Pathology Core, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jillian Verrelle
- Department of Pathobiology, Comparative Pathology Core, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Esha Banerjee
- Department of Pathobiology, Comparative Pathology Core, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | | | - Salim Khiati
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of AngersAngersFrance
| | - Anais Girona
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of AngersAngersFrance
| | - Guillermo Lopez-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Junta de AndalucíaSevillaSpain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Junta de AndalucíaSevillaSpain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, University of AngersAngersFrance
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Neurology, CHU AngersAngersFrance
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Tioyama EC, Bayona-Serrano JD, Portes-Junior JA, Nachtigall PG, de Souza VC, Beraldo-Neto E, Grazziotin FG, Junqueira-de-Azevedo ILM, Moura-da-Silva AM, Freitas-de-Sousa LA. The Venom Composition of the Snake Tribe Philodryadini: 'Omic' Techniques Reveal Intergeneric Variability among South American Racers. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:415. [PMID: 37505684 PMCID: PMC10467154 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakes of the Philodryadini tribe are included in the Dipsadidae family, which is a diverse group of rear-fanged snakes widespread in different ecological conditions, including habitats and diet. However, little is known about the composition and effects of their venoms despite their relevance for understanding the evolution of these snakes or even their impact on the occasional cases of human envenoming. In this study, we integrated venom gland transcriptomics, venom proteomics and functional assays to characterize the venoms from eight species of the Philodryadini tribe, which includes the genus Philodryas, Chlorosoma and Xenoxybelis. The most abundant components identified in the venoms were snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), C-type lectins (CTLs), snake endogenous matrix metalloproteinases type 9 (seMMP-9) and snake venom serinoproteinases (SVSPs). These protein families showed a variable expression profile in each genus. SVMPs were the most abundant components in Philodryas, while seMMP-9 and CRISPs were the most expressed in Chlorosoma and Xenoxybelis, respectively. Lineage-specific differences in venom composition were also observed among Philodryas species, whereas P. olfersii presented the highest amount of SVSPs and P. agassizii was the only species to express significant amounts of 3FTx. The variability observed in venom composition was confirmed by the venom functional assays. Philodryas species presented the highest SVMP activity, whereas Chlorosoma species showed higher levels of gelatin activity, which may correlate to the seMMP-9 enzymes. The variability observed in the composition of these venoms may be related to the tribe phylogeny and influenced by their diets. In the presented study, we expanded the set of venomics studies of the Philodryadini tribe, which paves new roads for further studies on the evolution and ecology of Dipsadidae snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilly Campos Tioyama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências-Toxinologia, Escola Superior do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-210, Brazil; (E.C.T.); (J.D.B.-S.)
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (A.M.M.-d.-S.)
| | - Juan David Bayona-Serrano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências-Toxinologia, Escola Superior do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-210, Brazil; (E.C.T.); (J.D.B.-S.)
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.G.N.); (V.C.d.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - José A. Portes-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (A.M.M.-d.-S.)
| | - Pedro Gabriel Nachtigall
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.G.N.); (V.C.d.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - Vinicius Carius de Souza
- Laboratório de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (P.G.N.); (V.C.d.S.); (I.L.M.J.-d.-A.)
| | - Emidio Beraldo-Neto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (J.A.P.-J.); (A.M.M.-d.-S.)
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11
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Miallot R, Millet V, Groult Y, Modelska A, Crescence L, Roulland S, Henri S, Malissen B, Brouilly N, Panicot-Dubois L, Vincentelli R, Sulzenbacher G, Finetti P, Dutour A, Blay JY, Bertucci F, Galland F, Naquet P. An OMA1 redox site controls mitochondrial homeostasis, sarcoma growth, and immunogenicity. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201767. [PMID: 37024121 PMCID: PMC10078952 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggressive tumors often display mitochondrial dysfunction. Upon oxidative stress, mitochondria undergo fission through OMA1-mediated cleavage of the fusion effector OPA1. In yeast, a redox-sensing switch participates in OMA1 activation. 3D modeling of OMA1 comforted the notion that cysteine 403 might participate in a similar sensor in mammalian cells. Using prime editing, we developed a mouse sarcoma cell line in which OMA1 cysteine 403 was mutated in alanine. Mutant cells showed impaired mitochondrial responses to stress including ATP production, reduced fission, resistance to apoptosis, and enhanced mitochondrial DNA release. This mutation prevented tumor development in immunocompetent, but not nude or cDC1 dendritic cell-deficient, mice. These cells prime CD8+ lymphocytes that accumulate in mutant tumors, whereas their depletion delays tumor control. Thus, OMA1 inactivation increased the development of anti-tumor immunity. Patients with complex genomic soft tissue sarcoma showed variations in the level of OMA1 and OPA1 transcripts. High expression of OPA1 in primary tumors was associated with shorter metastasis-free survival after surgery, and low expression of OPA1, with anti-tumor immune signatures. Targeting OMA1 activity may enhance sarcoma immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Miallot
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Millet
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Groult
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Angelika Modelska
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Lydie Crescence
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Plateforme d'Imagerie Vasculaire et de Microscopie Intravitale, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Roulland
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Henri
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | | | - Laurence Panicot-Dubois
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, Plateforme d'Imagerie Vasculaire et de Microscopie Intravitale, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Marseille, France
| | - Gerlind Sulzenbacher
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Dutour
- Childhood Cancers and Cell Death Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Childhood Cancers and Cell Death Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRS, Lyon, France
- Department of Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, UNICANCER & University Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Laboratory of Predictive Oncology, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marseille, France
| | - Franck Galland
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
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12
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Krynická V, Skotnicová P, Jackson PJ, Barnett S, Yu J, Wysocka A, Kaňa R, Dickman MJ, Nixon PJ, Hunter CN, Komenda J. FtsH4 protease controls biogenesis of the PSII complex by dual regulation of high light-inducible proteins. Plant Commun 2023; 4:100502. [PMID: 36463410 PMCID: PMC9860182 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
FtsH proteases are membrane-embedded proteolytic complexes important for protein quality control and regulation of various physiological processes in bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Like most cyanobacteria, the model species Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 contains four FtsH homologs, FtsH1-FtsH4. FtsH1-FtsH3 form two hetero-oligomeric complexes, FtsH1/3 and FtsH2/3, which play a pivotal role in acclimation to nutrient deficiency and photosystem II quality control, respectively. FtsH4 differs from the other three homologs by the formation of a homo-oligomeric complex, and together with Arabidopsis thaliana AtFtsH7/9 orthologs, it has been assigned to another phylogenetic group of unknown function. Our results exclude the possibility that Synechocystis FtsH4 structurally or functionally substitutes for the missing or non-functional FtsH2 subunit in the FtsH2/3 complex. Instead, we demonstrate that FtsH4 is involved in the biogenesis of photosystem II by dual regulation of high light-inducible proteins (Hlips). FtsH4 positively regulates expression of Hlips shortly after high light exposure but is also responsible for Hlip removal under conditions when their elevated levels are no longer needed. We provide experimental support for Hlips as proteolytic substrates of FtsH4. Fluorescent labeling of FtsH4 enabled us to assess its localization using advanced microscopic techniques. Results show that FtsH4 complexes are concentrated in well-defined membrane regions at the inner and outer periphery of the thylakoid system. Based on the identification of proteins that co-purified with the tagged FtsH4, we speculate that FtsH4 concentrates in special compartments in which the biogenesis of photosynthetic complexes takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Krynická
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Skotnicová
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Philip J Jackson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Samuel Barnett
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anna Wysocka
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Mark J Dickman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Josef Komenda
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic
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13
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Hsieh CY, Lin CY, Wang SS, Chou YE, Chien MH, Wen YC, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF. Impact of Clinicopathological Characteristics and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 Polymorphism Rs9619311 on Biochemical Recurrence in Taiwanese Patients with Prostate Cancer. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:306. [PMID: 36612628 PMCID: PMC9819570 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP3) are not only endogenous regulators of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), but also induce apoptosis and inhibit endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. The focus of this study was to investigate the relationship between TIMP3 genetic polymorphisms and biochemical recurrence and clinicopathological features of prostate cancer. The TIMP3 rs9619311, rs9862, and rs11547635 genetic polymorphisms were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine their genotypic distributions in 579 patients with prostate cancer. This study found that individuals with the TIMP3 rs9619311 TC or TC + CC genotypes have a significantly higher risk of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (p = 0.036 and 0.033, respectively). Moreover, in the multivariate analysis, our results showed that pathologic Gleason grade, pathologic T stage, seminal vesicle invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and TIMP3 rs9619311 were associated with increased odds of biochemical recurrence. Patients with a PSA concentration under 7 ng/mL that were found to have the TIMP3 rs9619311 genetic polymorphism were associated with Gleason total score upgrade (p = 0.012) and grade group upgrade (p = 0.023). Compared with the CC homozygous, the TIMP3 rs9862 CT + TT polymorphic variant was found to be associated with clinically advanced tumor stage (p = 0.030) and Gleason total score upgrade (p = 0.002) in prostate cancer patients. In conclusion, the results of our study demonstrated that the TIMP3 rs9619311 genetic polymorphism was significantly associated with susceptibility to biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. TIMP3 genetic polymorphisms, especially rs9619311, can serve as key predictors of biochemical recurrence and disease prognosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Shiang Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 545, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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14
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Sedaghatmehr M, Stüwe B, Mueller-Roeber B, Balazadeh S. Heat shock factor HSFA2 fine-tunes resetting of thermomemory via plastidic metalloprotease FtsH6. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:6394-6404. [PMID: 35705109 PMCID: PMC9578354 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants 'memorize' stressful events and protect themselves from future, often more severe, stresses. To maximize growth after stress, plants 'reset' or 'forget' memories of stressful situations, which requires an intricate balance between stress memory formation and the degree of forgetfulness. HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 21 (HSP21) encodes a small heat shock protein in plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana. HSP21 functions as a key component of thermomemory, which requires a sustained elevated level of HSP21 during recovery from heat stress. A heat-induced metalloprotease, filamentation temperature-sensitive H6 (FtsH6), degrades HSP21 to its pre-stress abundance, thereby resetting memory during the recovery phase. The transcription factor heat shock factor A2 (HSFA2) activates downstream genes essential for mounting thermomemory, acting as a positive regulator in the process. Here, using a yeast one-hybrid screen, we identify HSFA2 as an upstream transactivator of the resetting element FtsH6. Constitutive and inducible overexpression of HSFA2 increases expression of FtsH6, whereas it is drastically reduced in the hsfa2 knockout mutant. Chromatin immunoprecipitation reveals in planta binding of HSFA2 to the FtsH6 promoter. Importantly, overexpression of HSFA2 improves thermomemory more profoundly in ftsh6 than wild-type plants. Thus, by activating both memory-supporting and memory-resetting genes, HSFA2 acts as a cellular homeostasis factor during thermomemory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benno Stüwe
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße, Haus, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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15
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Guo F, Pan L, Liu H, Lv L, Chen X, Liu Y, Li H, Ye W, Zhang Z. Whole-Genome Metalloproteases in the Wheat Sharp Eyespot Pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis and a Role in Fungal Virulence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810691. [PMID: 36142601 PMCID: PMC9505970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal agent of sharp eyespot, a devastating disease of cereal crops including wheat. Several metalloproteases have been implicated in pathogenic virulence, but little is known about whole-genome metalloproteases in R. cerealis. In this study, a total of 116 metalloproteases-encoding genes were identified and characterized from the R. cerealis Rc207 genome. The gene expression profiles and phylogenetic relationship of 11 MEP36/fungalysin metalloproteases were examined during the fungal infection to wheat, and function of an upregulated secretory MEP36 named RcFL1 was validated. Of 11 MEP36 family metalloproteases, ten, except RcFL5, were predicted to be secreted proteins and nine encoding genes, but not RcFL5 and RcFL2, were expressed during the R. cerealis infection process. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that MEP36 metalloproteases in R. cerealis were closely related to those of Rhizoctonia solani but were remote to those of Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium graminearum, F. pseudograminearum, and Pyricularia oryzae. Expression of RcFL1 was significantly upregulated during the infection process and induced plant cell death in wheat to promote the virulence of the pathogen. The MEP36 domain was necessary for the activities of RcFL1. Furthermore, RcFL1 could repress the expression of wheat genes coding for the chitin elicitor receptor kinase TaCERK1 and chitinases. These results suggest that this MEP36 metalloprotease RcFL1 may function as a virulence factor of R. cerealis through inhibiting host chitin-triggered immunity and chitinases. This study provides insights on pathogenic mechanisms of R. cerealis. RcFL1 likely is an important gene resource for improving resistance of wheat to R. cerealis through host-induced gene silencing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic China, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic China, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic China, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Xiyong Chen
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-8210-8781 (Z.Z.)
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic China, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (Z.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-8210-8781 (Z.Z.)
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16
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Joseph BB, Edeen PT, Meadows S, Binti S, Fay DS. An unexpected role for the conserved ADAM-family metalloprotease ADM-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans molting. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010249. [PMID: 35639786 PMCID: PMC9187072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molting is a widespread developmental process in which the external extracellular matrix (ECM), the cuticle, is remodeled to allow for organismal growth and environmental adaptation. Studies in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have identified a diverse set of molting-associated factors including signaling molecules, intracellular trafficking regulators, ECM components, and ECM-modifying enzymes such as matrix metalloproteases. C. elegans NEKL-2 and NEKL-3, two conserved members of the NEK family of protein kinases, are essential for molting and promote the endocytosis of environmental steroid-hormone precursors by the epidermis. Steroids in turn drive the cyclic induction of many genes required for molting. Here we report a role for the sole C. elegans ADAM–meltrin metalloprotease family member, ADM-2, as a mediator of molting. Loss of adm-2, including mutations that disrupt the metalloprotease domain, led to the strong suppression of molting defects in partial loss-of-function nekl mutants. ADM-2 is expressed in the epidermis, and its trafficking through the endo-lysosomal network was disrupted after NEKL depletion. We identified the epidermally expressed low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein, LRP-1, as a candidate target of ADM-2 regulation. Whereas loss of ADM-2 activity led to the upregulation of apical epidermal LRP-1, ADM-2 overexpression caused a reduction in LRP-1 levels. Consistent with this, several mammalian ADAMs, including the meltrin ADAM12, have been shown to regulate mammalian LRP1 via proteolysis. In contrast to mammalian homologs, however, the regulation of LRP-1 by ADM-2 does not appear to involve the metalloprotease function of ADM-2, nor is proteolytic processing of LRP-1 strongly affected in adm-2 mutants. Our findings suggest a noncanonical role for an ADAM family member in the regulation of a lipoprotein-like receptor and lead us to propose that endocytic trafficking may be important for both the internalization of factors that promote molting as well as the removal of proteins that can inhibit the process. The molecular and cellular features of molting in nematodes share many similarities with cellular and developmental processes that occur in mammals. This includes the degradation and reorganization of extracellular matrix materials that surround cells, as well as the intracellular machineries that allow cells to sample and modify their environments. In the current study, we found an unexpected function for a conserved protein that cleaves other proteins on the external surface of cells. Rather than promoting molting through extracellular matrix reorganization, however, the ADM-2 protease appears to function as a negative regulator of molting. This observation can be explained in part by data showing that ADM-2 negatively regulates a cell surface receptor required for molting. Surprisingly, it appears to do so through a mechanism that does not involve proteolysis. Our data provide insights into the mechanisms controlling molting and link several conserved proteins to show how they function together during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braveen B. Joseph
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Phillip T. Edeen
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Sarina Meadows
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Shaonil Binti
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - David S. Fay
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Yang G, Zhao T, Lu S, Weng J, Zeng X. T1121G Point Mutation in the Mitochondrial Gene COX1 Suppresses a Null Mutation in ATP23 Required for the Assembly of Yeast Mitochondrial ATP Synthase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042327. [PMID: 35216443 PMCID: PMC8877559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear-encoded Atp23 was previously shown to have dual functions, including processing the yeast Atp6 precursor and assisting the assembly of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase. However, it remains unknown whether there are genes functionally complementary to ATP23 to rescue atp23 null mutant. In the present paper, we screen and characterize three revertants of atp23 null mutant and reveal a T1121G point mutation in the mitochondrial gene COX1 coding sequence, which leads to Val374Gly mutation in Cox1, the suppressor in the revertants. This was verified further by the partial restoration of mitochondrial ATP synthase assembly in atp23 null mutant transformed with exogenous hybrid COX1 T1121G mutant plasmid. The predicted tertiary structure of the Cox1 p.Val374Gly mutation showed no obvious difference from wild-type Cox1. By further chase labeling with isotope [35S]-methionine, we found that the stability of Atp6 of ATP synthase increased in the revertants compared with the atp23 null mutant. Taking all the data together, we revealed that the T1121G point mutation of mitochondrial gene COX1 could partially restore the unassembly of mitochondrial ATP synthase in atp23 null mutant by increasing the stability of Atp6. Therefore, this study uncovers a gene that is partially functionally complementary to ATP23 to rescue ATP23 deficiency, broadening our understanding of the relationship between yeast the cytochrome c oxidase complex and mitochondrial ATP synthase complex.
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Szenker-Ravi E, Ott T, Khatoo M, Moreau de Bellaing A, Goh WX, Chong YL, Beckers A, Kannesan D, Louvel G, Anujan P, Ravi V, Bonnard C, Moutton S, Schoen P, Fradin M, Colin E, Megarbane A, Daou L, Chehab G, Di Filippo S, Rooryck C, Deleuze JF, Boland A, Arribard N, Eker R, Tohari S, Ng AYJ, Rio M, Lim CT, Eisenhaber B, Eisenhaber F, Venkatesh B, Amiel J, Crollius HR, Gordon CT, Gossler A, Roy S, Attie-Bitach T, Blum M, Bouvagnet P, Reversade B. Discovery of a genetic module essential for assigning left-right asymmetry in humans and ancestral vertebrates. Nat Genet 2022; 54:62-72. [PMID: 34903892 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate left-right axis is specified during embryogenesis by a transient organ: the left-right organizer (LRO). Species including fish, amphibians, rodents and humans deploy motile cilia in the LRO to break bilateral symmetry, while reptiles, birds, even-toed mammals and cetaceans are believed to have LROs without motile cilia. We searched for genes whose loss during vertebrate evolution follows this pattern and identified five genes encoding extracellular proteins, including a putative protease with hitherto unknown functions that we named ciliated left-right organizer metallopeptide (CIROP). Here, we show that CIROP is specifically expressed in ciliated LROs. In zebrafish and Xenopus, CIROP is required solely on the left side, downstream of the leftward flow, but upstream of DAND5, the first asymmetrically expressed gene. We further ascertained 21 human patients with loss-of-function CIROP mutations presenting with recessive situs anomalies. Our findings posit the existence of an ancestral genetic module that has twice disappeared during vertebrate evolution but remains essential for distinguishing left from right in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Szenker-Ravi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tim Ott
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Muznah Khatoo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Moreau de Bellaing
- Laboratoire de Cardiogénétique, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Wei Xuan Goh
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Ling Chong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anja Beckers
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Darshini Kannesan
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Louvel
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Écologie, Systématique et Évolution, UMR 8079 CNRS - Université Paris-Saclay - AgroParisTech, Orsay, France
| | - Priyanka Anujan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Vydianathan Ravi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carine Bonnard
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- CPDPN, Pôle mère enfant, Maison de Santé Protestante Bordeaux Bagatelle, Talence, France
| | | | - Mélanie Fradin
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Sud, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - André Megarbane
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Institut Jérôme LEJEUNE, Paris, France
| | - Linda Daou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hôtel Dieu de France University Medical Center, Saint Joseph University, Alfred Naccache Boulevard, Achrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Chehab
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hôtel Dieu de France University Medical Center, Saint Joseph University, Alfred Naccache Boulevard, Achrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pediatrics, Lebanese University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hadath, Greater Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sylvie Di Filippo
- Service de Cardiologie Pédiatrique, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- Service de Génétique, University of Bordeaux, MRGM, INSERM U1211, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Evry, France
| | - Nicolas Arribard
- Service de Cardiologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rukiye Eker
- Pediatrics Department, Pediatric Cardiology Division, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sumanty Tohari
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alvin Yu-Jin Ng
- Molecular Diagnosis Centre (MDC), National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marlène Rio
- Fédération de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Chun Teck Lim
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birgit Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Fédération de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Roest Crollius
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Christopher T Gordon
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Achim Gossler
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- Fédération de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Martin Blum
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey.
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Riaz S, Steinsland H, Thorsing M, Andersen AZ, Boysen A, Hanevik K. Characterization of Glycosylation-Specific Systemic and Mucosal IgA Antibody Responses to Escherichia coli Mucinase YghJ (SslE). Front Immunol 2021; 12:760135. [PMID: 34975849 PMCID: PMC8718676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to develop broadly protective vaccines against pathogenic Escherichia coli are ongoing. A potential antigen candidate for vaccine development is the metalloprotease YghJ, or SslE. YghJ is a conserved mucinase that is immunogenic, heavily glycosylated, and produced by most pathogenic E. coli. To develop efficacious YghJ-based vaccines, there is a need to investigate to what extent potentially protective antibody responses target glycosylated epitopes in YghJ and to describe variations in the quality of YghJ glycosylation in the E. coli population. In this study we estimated the proportion of anti-YghJ IgA antibodies that targeted glycosylated epitopes in serum and intestinal lavage samples from 21 volunteers experimentally infected with wild-type enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strain TW10722. Glycosylated and non-glycosylated YghJ was expressed, purified, and then gycosylation pattern was verified by BEMAP analysis. Then we used a multiplex bead flow cytometric assay to analyse samples from before and 10 days after TW10722 was ingested. We found that 20 (95%) of the 21 volunteers had IgA antibody responses to homologous, glycosylated YghJ, with a median fold increase in IgA levels of 7.9 (interquartile range [IQR]: 7.1, 11.1) in serum and 3.7 (IQR: 2.1, 10.7) in lavage. The median proportion of anti-YghJ IgA response that specifically targeted glycosylated epitopes was 0.45 (IQR: 0.30, 0.59) in serum and 0.07 (IQR: 0.01, 0.22) in lavage. Our findings suggest that a substantial, but variable, proportion of the IgA antibody response to YghJ in serum during ETEC infection is targeted against glycosylated epitopes, but that gut IgA responses largely target non-glycosylated epitopes. Further research into IgA targeting glycosylated YghJ epitopes is of interest to the vaccine development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Riaz
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans Steinsland
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Kurt Hanevik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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20
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Ren HN, Bai SJ, Wang Z, Han LL, Yan SW, Jiang P, Zhang X, Wang ZQ, Cui J. A metalloproteinase Tsdpy31 from Trichinella spiralis participates in larval molting and development. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:883-894. [PMID: 34656542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a serious food-borne zoonotic parasitic disease with global distribution, causing serious harm to public health and food safety. Molting is prerequisite for intestinal larval development in the life cycle of T. spiralis. Metalloproteinases play an important role in the molting process of T. spiralis intestinal infective larvae (IIL). In this study, the metalloproteinase Tsdpy31 was cloned, expressed and characterized. The results revealed that the Tsdpy31 was expressed at various T. spiralis stages and it was principally located in cuticle, hypodermis and embryos of the nematode. Recombinant Tsdpy31 (rTsdpy31) had the catalytic activity of natural metalloproteinase. Silencing of Tsdpy31 increased the permeability of larval new cuticle. When the mice were orally challenged with dsRNA treated- muscle larvae, the burden of intestinal adult and muscle larvae in Tsdpy31 dsRNA treatment group was significantly reduced, compared with the control green fluorescent protein (GFP) dsRNA and PBS groups (P < 0.05). Tsdpy31 may play a major role in the new cuticle synthesis and old cuticle shedding. Tsdpy31 also participates in T. spiralis embryonic development. We conclude that Tsdpy31 could be a candidate vaccine target molecule against intestinal T. spiralis ecdysis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Nan Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Sheng Jie Bai
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Lu Lu Han
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Shu Wei Yan
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
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21
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Michalczyk K, Cymbaluk-Płoska A. Metalloproteinases in Endometrial Cancer-Are They Worth Measuring? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12472. [PMID: 34830354 PMCID: PMC8624741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies, yet the molecular mechanisms that lead to tumor development and progression are still not fully established. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes that play an important role in carcinogenesis. They are proteases involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds the tumor and the affected tissue allows cell detachment from the primary tumor causing local invasion and metastasis formation. Recent investigations demonstrate significantly increased metalloproteinase and metalloproteinase inhibitor levels in patients with endometrial cancer compared to those with normal endometrium. In this review, we aim to show their clinical significance and possible use in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with endometrial cancer. We have critically summarized and reviewed the research on the role of MMPs in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Michalczyk
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
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22
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Luo S, Kim C. Current Understanding of Temperature Stress-Responsive Chloroplast FtsH Metalloproteases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212106. [PMID: 34829988 PMCID: PMC8622299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low and high temperatures are life-threatening stress factors, diminishing plant productivity. One of the earliest responses of plants to stress is a rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chloroplasts. Widespread efforts over the past decade shed new light on the chloroplast as an environmental sensor, translating the environmental fluctuation into varying physiological responses by utilizing distinct retrograde (chloroplast-to-nucleus) signals. Recent studies have unveiled that chloroplasts mediate a similar unfolded/misfolded/damaged protein response (cpUPR) as observed in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Although observing cpUPR is not surprising since the chloroplast is a prime organelle producing harmful ROS, the intertwined relationship among ROS, protein damage, and chloroplast protein quality controls (cpPQCs) with retrograde signaling has recently been reported. This finding also gives rise to critical attention on chloroplast proteins involved in cpPQCs, ROS detoxifiers, transcription/translation, import of precursor proteins, and assembly/maturation, the deficiency of which compromises chloroplast protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Any perturbation in the protein may require readjustment of proteostasis by transmitting retrograde signal(s) to the nucleus, whose genome encodes most of the chloroplast proteins involved in proteostasis. This review focuses on recent findings on cpUPR and chloroplast-targeted FILAMENTOUS TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE H proteases involved in cpPQC and retrograde signaling and their impacts on plant responses to temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengji Luo
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China;
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Maddirevula S, Coskun S, Al-Qahtani M, Aboyousef O, Alhassan S, Aldeery M, Alkuraya FS. ASTL is mutated in female infertility. Hum Genet 2021; 141:49-54. [PMID: 34704130 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Female infertility is a relatively common phenotype with a growing number of single gene causes although these account for only a minority of cases. Here, we report a consanguineous family in which adult females who are homozygous for a truncating variant in ASTL display markedly reduced fertility in a pattern strikingly similar to Astl-/- female mice. ASTL encodes ovastacin, which is known to trigger zona pellucida hardening (ZPH) as part of the cortical reaction upon fertilization. ZPH is required for normal early embryonic development and its absence can be caused by pathogenic variants in other zona pellucida proteins that result in a similar infertility phenotype in humans and mouse. This is the first report of ASTL-related infertility in humans and suggests that the inclusion of ASTL in female infertility gene panels is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sateesh Maddirevula
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serdar Coskun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Al-Qahtani
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Aboyousef
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alhassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshael Aldeery
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.
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Maziak A, Heidorn-Czarna M, Weremczuk A, Janska H. FTSH4 and OMA1 mitochondrial proteases reduce moderate heat stress-induced protein aggregation. Plant Physiol 2021; 187:769-786. [PMID: 34608962 PMCID: PMC8491029 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The threat of global warming makes uncovering mechanisms of plant tolerance to long-term moderate heat stress particularly important. We previously reported that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants lacking mitochondrial proteases FTSH4 or OMA1 suffer phenotypic changes under long-term stress of 30°C, while their growth at 22°C is not affected. Here we found that these morphological and developmental changes are associated with increased accumulation of insoluble mitochondrial protein aggregates that consist mainly of small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs). Greater accumulation of sHSPs in ftsh4 than oma1 corresponds with more severe phenotypic abnormalities. We showed that the proteolytic activity of FTSH4, and to a lesser extent of OMA1, as well as the chaperone function of FTSH4, is crucial for protecting mitochondrial proteins against aggregation. We demonstrated that HSP23.6 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 9 present in aggregates are proteolytic substrates of FTSH4, and this form of HSP23.6 is also a substrate of OMA1 protease. In addition, we found that the activity of FTSH4 plays an important role during recovery from elevated to optimal temperatures. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analyses, along with identification of aggregation-prone proteins, implicated mitochondrial pathways affected by protein aggregation (e.g. assembly of complex I) and revealed that the mitochondrial proteomes of ftsh4 and oma1 plants are similarly adapted to long-term moderate heat stress. Overall, our data indicate that both FTSH4 and OMA1 increase the tolerance of plants to long-term moderate heat stress by reducing detergent-tolerant mitochondrial protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Maziak
- Department of Cellular Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Heidorn-Czarna
- Department of Cellular Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Weremczuk
- Department of Cellular Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Hanna Janska
- Department of Cellular Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
- Author for communication:
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25
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Skrzypiec-Spring M, Sapa-Wojciechowska A, Haczkiewicz-Leśniak K, Piasecki T, Kwiatkowska J, Podhorska-Okołów M, Szeląg A. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor, Simvastatin Is Effective in Decreasing Degree of Myocarditis by Inhibiting Metalloproteinases Activation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101415. [PMID: 34680049 PMCID: PMC8533153 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myocarditis often progresses to heart failure because there is no effective, etiology-targeted therapy of this disease. Simvastatin has been shown to be cardioprotective by decreasing matrix metalloproteinases’ (MMPs) activity. The study was designed to determine whether simvastatin inhibits MMPs activity, decreases the severity of inflammation and contractile dysfunction of the heart in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). Methods: Simvastatin (3 or 30 mg/kg/day) was given to experimental rats with EAM by gastric gavage for 21 days. Then transthoracic echocardiography was performed, MMPs activity and troponin I level were determined and tissue samples were assessed under a light and transmission electron microscope. Results: Hearts treated with simvastatin did not show left ventricular enlargement. As a result of EAM, there was an enhanced activation of MMP-9, which was significantly reduced in the high-dose simvastatin group compared to the low-dose group. It was accompanied by prevention of myofilaments degradation and reduction of severity of inflammation. Conclusions: The cardioprotective effects of simvastatin in the acute phase of EAM are, at least in part, due to its ability to decrease MMP-9 activity and subsequent decline in myofilaments degradation and suppression of inflammation. These effects were achieved in doses equivalent to therapeutic doses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Skrzypiec-Spring
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-7841438
| | | | | | - Tomasz Piasecki
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-013 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kwiatkowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-013 Wrocław, Poland; (K.H.-L.); (M.P.-O.)
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland; (J.K.); (A.S.)
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Jeran N, Rotasperti L, Frabetti G, Calabritto A, Pesaresi P, Tadini L. The PUB4 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Is Responsible for the Variegated Phenotype Observed upon Alteration of Chloroplast Protein Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Cotyledons. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091387. [PMID: 34573369 PMCID: PMC8464772 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During a plant's life cycle, plastids undergo several modifications, from undifferentiated pro-plastids to either photosynthetically-active chloroplasts, ezioplasts, chromoplasts or storage organelles, such as amyloplasts, elaioplasts and proteinoplasts. Plastid proteome rearrangements and protein homeostasis, together with intracellular communication pathways, are key factors for correct plastid differentiation and functioning. When plastid development is affected, aberrant organelles are degraded and recycled in a process that involves plastid protein ubiquitination. In this study, we have analysed the Arabidopsis gun1-102 ftsh5-3 double mutant, lacking both the plastid-located protein GUN1 (Genomes Uncoupled 1), involved in plastid-to-nucleus communication, and the chloroplast-located FTSH5 (Filamentous temperature-sensitive H5), a metalloprotease with a role in photosystem repair and chloroplast biogenesis. gun1-102 ftsh5-3 seedlings show variegated cotyledons and true leaves that we attempted to suppress by introgressing second-site mutations in genes involved in: (i) plastid translation, (ii) plastid folding/import and (iii) cytosolic protein ubiquitination. Different phenotypic effects, ranging from seedling-lethality to partial or complete suppression of the variegated phenotype, were observed in the corresponding triple mutants. Our findings indicate that Plant U-Box 4 (PUB4) E3 ubiquitin ligase plays a major role in the target degradation of damaged chloroplasts and is the main contributor to the variegated phenotype observed in gun1-102 ftsh5-3 seedlings.
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Argote Camacho AX, González Ramírez AR, Pérez Alonso AJ, Rejón García JD, Olivares Urbano MA, Torné Poyatos P, Ríos Arrabal S, Núñez MI. Metalloproteinases 1 and 3 as Potential Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169012. [PMID: 34445715 PMCID: PMC8396449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality globally and was the leading cause of cancer death in women in Spain in 2020. Early diagnosis is one of the most effective methods to lower the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer. The human metalloproteinases (MMP) mainly function as proteolytic enzymes degrading the extracellular matrix and plays important roles in most steps of breast tumorigenesis. This retrospective cohort study shows the immunohistochemical expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 in 154 women with breast cancer and 42 women without tumor disease. The samples of breast tissue are assessed using several tissue matrices (TMA). The percentages of staining (≤50%–>50%) and intensity levels of staining (weak, moderate, or intense) are considered. The immunohistochemical expression of the MMP-1-intensity (p = 0.043) and MMP-3 percentage (p = 0.018) and intensity, (p = 0.025) present statistically significant associations with the variable group (control–case); therefore, expression in the tumor tissue samples of these MMPs may be related to the development of breast cancer. The relationships between these MMPs and some clinicopathological factors in breast cancer are also evaluated but no correlation is found. These results suggest the use of MMP-1 and MMP-3 as potential biomarkers of breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pablo Torné Poyatos
- Department of Surgery and Its Specialties, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Sandra Ríos Arrabal
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.R.A.); (M.I.N.); Tel.: +34-958-242077 (S.R.A.); +34-958-242077 (M.I.N.)
| | - María Isabel Núñez
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute, ibs.Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.R.A.); (M.I.N.); Tel.: +34-958-242077 (S.R.A.); +34-958-242077 (M.I.N.)
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28
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Thorsing M, Krogh TJ, Vitved L, Nawrocki A, Jakobsen R, Larsen MR, Chakraborty S, Bourgeois AL, Andersen AZ, Boysen A. Linking inherent O-Linked Protein Glycosylation of YghJ to Increased Antigen Potential. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:705468. [PMID: 34490144 PMCID: PMC8417355 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.705468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a WHO priority pathogen and vaccine target which causes infections in low-income and middle-income countries, travelers visiting endemic regions. The global urgent demand for an effective preventive intervention has become more pressing as ETEC strains have become increasingly multiple antibiotic resistant. However, the vaccine development pipeline has been slow to address this urgent need. To date, vaccine development has focused mainly on canonical antigens such as colonization factors and expressed toxins but due to genomic plasticity of this enteric pathogen, it has proven difficult to develop effective vaccines. In this study, we investigated the highly conserved non-canonical vaccine candidate YghJ/SsLE. Using the mass spectrometry-based method BEMAP, we demonstrate that YghJ is hyperglycosylated in ETEC and identify 54 O-linked Set/Thr residues within the 1519 amino acid primary sequence. The glycosylation sites are evenly distributed throughout the sequence and do not appear to affect the folding of the overall protein structure. Although the glycosylation sites only constitute a minor subpopulation of the available epitopes, we observed a notable difference in the immunogenicity of the glycosylated YghJ and the non-glycosylated protein variant. We can demonstrate by ELISA that serum from patients enrolled in an ETEC H10407 controlled infection study are significantly more reactive with glycosylated YghJ compared to the non-glycosylated variant. This study provides an important link between O-linked glycosylation and the relative immunogenicity of bacterial proteins and further highlights the importance of this observation in considering ETEC proteins for inclusion in future broad coverage subunit vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lars Vitved
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Arkadiusz Nawrocki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Martin R. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - A. Louis Bourgeois
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Washington, DC, United States
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Hofmann EP, Rautsaw RM, Mason AJ, Strickland JL, Parkinson CL. Duvernoy's Gland Transcriptomics of the Plains Black-Headed Snake, Tantilla nigriceps (Squamata, Colubridae): Unearthing the Venom of Small Rear-Fanged Snakes. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050336. [PMID: 34066626 PMCID: PMC8148590 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The venoms of small rear-fanged snakes (RFS) remain largely unexplored, despite increased recognition of their importance in understanding venom evolution more broadly. Sequencing the transcriptome of venom-producing glands has greatly increased the ability of researchers to examine and characterize the toxin repertoire of small taxa with low venom yields. Here, we use RNA-seq to characterize the Duvernoy’s gland transcriptome of the Plains Black-headed Snake, Tantilla nigriceps, a small, semi-fossorial colubrid that feeds on a variety of potentially dangerous arthropods including centipedes and spiders. We generated transcriptomes of six individuals from three localities in order to both characterize the toxin expression of this species for the first time, and to look for initial evidence of venom variation in the species. Three toxin families—three-finger neurotoxins (3FTxs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPIIIs)—dominated the transcriptome of T. nigriceps; 3FTx themselves were the dominant toxin family in most individuals, accounting for as much as 86.4% of an individual’s toxin expression. Variation in toxin expression between individuals was also noted, with two specimens exhibiting higher relative expression of c-type lectins than any other sample (8.7–11.9% compared to <1%), and another expressed CRISPs higher than any other toxin. This study provides the first Duvernoy’s gland transcriptomes of any species of Tantilla, and one of the few transcriptomic studies of RFS not predicated on a single individual. This initial characterization demonstrates the need for further study of toxin expression variation in this species, as well as the need for further exploration of small RFS venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich P. Hofmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (E.P.H.); (R.M.R.); (A.J.M.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Rhett M. Rautsaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (E.P.H.); (R.M.R.); (A.J.M.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Andrew J. Mason
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (E.P.H.); (R.M.R.); (A.J.M.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Jason L. Strickland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (E.P.H.); (R.M.R.); (A.J.M.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Christopher L. Parkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (E.P.H.); (R.M.R.); (A.J.M.); (J.L.S.)
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Correspondence:
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Schoina C, Rodenburg SYA, Meijer HJG, Seidl MF, Lacambra LT, Bouwmeester K, Govers F. Mining oomycete proteomes for metalloproteases leads to identification of candidate virulence factors in Phytophthora infestans. Mol Plant Pathol 2021; 22:551-563. [PMID: 33657266 PMCID: PMC8035641 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens deploy a wide range of pathogenicity factors, including a plethora of proteases, to modify host tissue or manipulate host defences. Metalloproteases (MPs) have been implicated in virulence in several animal and plant pathogens. Here we investigated the repertoire of MPs in 46 stramenopile species including 37 oomycetes, 5 diatoms, and 4 brown algae. Screening their complete proteomes using hidden Markov models (HMMs) trained for MP detection resulted in over 4,000 MPs, with most species having between 65 and 100 putative MPs. Classification in clans and families according to the MEROPS database showed a highly diverse MP repertoire in each species. Analyses of domain composition, orthologous groups, distribution, and abundance within the stramenopile lineage revealed a few oomycete-specific MPs and MPs potentially related to lifestyle. In-depth analyses of MPs in the plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans revealed 91 MPs, divided over 21 protein families, including 25 MPs with a predicted signal peptide or signal anchor. Expression profiling showed different patterns of MP gene expression during pre-infection and infection stages. When expressed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, 12 MPs changed the sizes of lesions caused by inoculation with P. infestans; with 9 MPs the lesions were larger, suggesting a positive effect on the virulence of P. infestans, while 3 MPs had a negative effect, resulting in smaller lesions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic inventory of MPs in oomycetes and the first study pinpointing MPs as potential pathogenicity factors in Phytophthora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Schoina
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
- Present address:
Enza Zaden Research and Development B. V.EnkhuizenNetherlands
| | - Sander Y. A. Rodenburg
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
- Bioinformatics GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
- Present address:
The Hyve B. V.UtrechtNetherlands
| | - Harold J. G. Meijer
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
- Wageningen Plant ResearchWageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Michael F. Seidl
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
- Present address:
Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics groupDepartment of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Lysette T. Lacambra
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
- Present address:
East‐West Seed Knowledge TransferNonthaburiThailand
| | - Klaas Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
| | - Francine Govers
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenNetherlands
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31
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Mielke K, Wagner R, Mishra LS, Demir F, Perrar A, Huesgen PF, Funk C. Abundance of metalloprotease FtsH12 modulates chloroplast development in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:3455-3473. [PMID: 33216923 PMCID: PMC8042743 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-dependent metalloprotease FtsH12 (filamentation temperature sensitive protein H 12) has been suggested to participate in a heteromeric motor complex, driving protein translocation into the chloroplast. FtsH12 was immuno-detected in proplastids, seedlings, leaves, and roots. Expression of Myc-tagged FtsH12 under its native promotor allowed identification of FtsHi1, 2, 4, and 5, and plastidic NAD-malate dehydrogenase, five of the six interaction partners in the suggested import motor complex. Arabidopsis thaliana mutant seedlings with reduced FTSH12 abundance exhibited pale cotyledons and small, deformed chloroplasts with altered thylakoid structure. Mature plants retained these chloroplast defects, resulting in slightly variegated leaves and lower chlorophyll content. Label-free proteomics revealed strong changes in the proteome composition of FTSH12 knock-down seedlings, reflecting impaired plastid development. The composition of the translocon on the inner chloroplast membrane (TIC) protein import complex was altered, with coordinated reduction of the FtsH12-FtsHi complex subunits and accumulation of the 1 MDa TIC complex subunits TIC56, TIC214 and TIC22-III. FTSH12 overexpressor lines showed no obvious phenotype, but still displayed distinct differences in their proteome. N-terminome analyses further demonstrated normal proteolytic maturation of plastid-imported proteins irrespective of FTSH12 abundance. Together, our data suggest that FtsH12 has highest impact during seedling development; its abundance alters the plastid import machinery and impairs chloroplast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Mielke
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Raik Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Fatih Demir
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Perrar
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Jülich, Germany
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Jülich, Germany
- CECAD, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Grossi S, Grimaldi A, Congiu T, Parnigoni A, Campanelli G, Campomenosi P. Human Primary Dermal Fibroblasts Interacting with 3-Dimensional Matrices for Surgical Application Show Specific Growth and Gene Expression Programs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020526. [PMID: 33430241 PMCID: PMC7825678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several types of 3-dimensional (3D) biological matrices are employed for clinical and surgical applications, but few indications are available to guide surgeons in the choice among these materials. Here we compare the in vitro growth of human primary fibroblasts on different biological matrices commonly used for clinical and surgical applications and the activation of specific molecular pathways over 30 days of growth. Morphological analyses by Scanning Electron Microscopy and proliferation curves showed that fibroblasts have different ability to attach and proliferate on the different biological matrices. They activated similar gene expression programs, reducing the expression of collagen genes and myofibroblast differentiation markers compared to fibroblasts grown in 2D. However, differences among 3D matrices were observed in the expression of specific metalloproteinases and interleukin-6. Indeed, cell proliferation and expression of matrix degrading enzymes occur in the initial steps of interaction between fibroblast and the investigated meshes, whereas collagen and interleukin-6 expression appear to start later. The data reported here highlight features of fibroblasts grown on different 3D biological matrices and warrant further studies to understand how these findings may be used to help the clinicians choose the correct material for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Grossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, DBSV, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.G.); (A.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, DBSV, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.G.); (A.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Arianna Parnigoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, DBSV, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.G.); (A.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Giampiero Campanelli
- Milano Hernia Center, Department of Surgical Science, Istituto Clinico Sant’Ambrogio, Via Luigi Giuseppe Faravelli 16, 20149 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, DMC, Via Guicciardini 9, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Paola Campomenosi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, DBSV, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.G.); (A.G.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332-421322
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Barker H, Parkkila S. Bioinformatic characterization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240647. [PMID: 33112891 PMCID: PMC7592753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 epidemic a public health emergency of international concern on March 11th, 2020, and the pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which enters human target cells via angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We used a number of bioinformatics tools to computationally characterize ACE2 by determining its cell-specific expression in trachea, lung, and small intestine, derive its putative functions, and predict transcriptional regulation. The small intestine expressed higher levels of ACE2 mRNA than any other organ. By immunohistochemistry, duodenum, kidney and testis showed strong signals, whereas the signal was weak in the respiratory tract. Single cell RNA-Seq data from trachea indicated positive signals along the respiratory tract in key protective cell types including club, goblet, proliferating, and ciliary epithelial cells; while in lung the ratio of ACE2-expressing cells was low in all cell types (<2.6%), but was highest in vascular endothelial and goblet cells. Gene ontology analysis suggested that, besides its classical role in the renin-angiotensin system, ACE2 may be functionally associated with angiogenesis/blood vessel morphogenesis. Using a novel tool for the prediction of transcription factor binding sites we identified several putative binding sites within two tissue-specific promoters of the ACE2 gene as well as a new putative short form of ACE2. These include several interferon-stimulated response elements sites for STAT1, IRF8, and IRF9. Our results also confirmed that age and gender play no significant role in the regulation of ACE2 mRNA expression in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harlan Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Mushtaq A, Ansari TM, Mustafa G, Shad MA, Cruz-Reyes J, Jamil A. Isolation and characterization of nprB, a novel protease from Streptomyces thermovulgaris. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:2361-2369. [PMID: 33832913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial proteases are of great pharmaceutical importance and have a key role in various biological processes and in life cycle of several pathogens. New technology used for rational protein engineering as well improved delivery options will expand the potential pharmaceutical applications of proteases. The catalytic proteases belong to metalloproteases (EC.3.4.24) that comprise thermo lysine. The metalloproteases and their homologs have many important biotechnological and therapeutic applications. In the present study, a novel protease gene nprB was isolated from a thermophilic bacterium Streptomyces thermovulgaris and bioinformatics analyses were performed. PCR amplification and sequencing of nprB gene indicated an open reading frame of 178 aa (20191.18 Dalton). Based on protein sequence homology as well as conserved motifs and PTF domain the protein is characterized as a thermo lysine-like protease and is a member of M4 family of metalloproteases. Different bioinformatics tools such as ProtParam, SOPMA, signalP4.1 and ProDom from the ExPAsy server were used for structural and functional analyses. A phylogram was also reconstructed to reveal evolutionary relationships of nprB with its various homologs. The provided data will serve as a background to further reveal pharmaceutical and biotechnological importance of this novel protease gene from S. thermovulgaris in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Mushtaq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Jorge Cruz-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Amer Jamil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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35
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Huang Y, Łężyk M, Herbst FA, Busk PK, Lange L. Novel keratinolytic enzymes, discovered from a talented and efficient bacterial keratin degrader. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10033. [PMID: 32572051 PMCID: PMC7308268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Huge quantities of keratinaceous waste are a substantial and almost totally unexploited protein resource which could be upgraded for use as high value-added products by efficient keratinolytic enzymes. In this study, we found that Bacillus sp. 8A6 can efficiently degrade chicken feather after 24 h growth. According to phylogenetic analysis, the strain (formerly identified as Bacillus pumilus 8A6) belongs to the B. pumilus species clade but it is more closely related to B. safensis. Hotpep predicted 233 putative proteases from Bacillus sp. 8A6 genome. Proteomic analysis of culture broths from Bacillus sp. 8A6 cultured on chicken feathers or on a mixture of bristles and hooves showed high abundance of proteins with functions related to peptidase activity. Five proteases (one from family M12, one from family S01A, two from family S08A and one from family T3) and four oligopeptide and dipeptide binding proteins were highly expressed when Bacillus sp. 8A6 was grown in keratin media compared to LB medium. This study is the first to report that bacterial proteases in families M12, S01A and T3 are involved in keratin degradation together with proteases from family S08.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 224, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mateusz Łężyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 224, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Water Supply and Bioeconomy Division, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Florian-Alexander Herbst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Peter Kamp Busk
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 224, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lene Lange
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Building 224, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
- Bioeconomy, Research & Advisory, Karensgade 5, DK-2500, Valby, Denmark.
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Dehbashi S, Pourmand MR, Alikhani MY, Asl SS, Arabestani MR. Coordination of las regulated virulence factors with Multidrug-Resistant and extensively drug-resistant in superbug strains of P. aeruginosa. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4131-4143. [PMID: 32474845 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Successful pathogenicity often resulted from a complicated association between virulence and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between the las system and antibiotic resistance. Seventy-three (73) P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from burn wounds (26.02%), blood cultures (30.13%), catheters (12.32%), and urine culture (31.50%). Among the 73 collected isolates, 22 isolates were considered as multi-drug resistant (MDR) and 11 isolates as extensively-drug resistant (XDR). Furthermore, phenazines and LasA protease were detected among 21.91% and 32.87% of isolates, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR assessment of KPC, MBL, and lasI/R indicated that resistance and virulence factors are more expressed in XDR strains than MDR strains. Also, the expression level of KPC and MBL reduced in non-biofilm forming strains. However, increased expression levels of lasI, lasR, and the KPC genes were observed in LasA and LasB protease producing strains. Interestingly, 16 known sequence types (including ST108, ST260, ST217) and three novel STs (ST2452, ST2427, and ST2542) were characterized among the collected isolates, which are related to the virulence and resistance. In MDR-XDR strains, a strong correlation between lasI/R and the variants of antibiotic resistance genes was found. In conclusion, the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa may increase the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Dehbashi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourmand
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Prokopenko D, Hecker J, Kirchner R, Chapman BA, Hoffman O, Mullin K, Hide W, Bertram L, Laird N, DeMeo DL, Lange C, Tanzi RE. Identification of Novel Alzheimer's Disease Loci Using Sex-Specific Family-Based Association Analysis of Whole-Genome Sequence Data. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5029. [PMID: 32193444 PMCID: PMC7081222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of whole genome-sequencing (WGS) studies, family-based designs enable sex-specific analysis approaches that can be applied to only affected individuals; tests using family-based designs are attractive because they are completely robust against the effects of population substructure. These advantages make family-based association tests (FBATs) that use siblings as well as parents especially suited for the analysis of late-onset diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the application of FBATs to assess sex-specific effects can require additional filtering steps, as sensitivity to sequencing errors is amplified in this type of analysis. Here, we illustrate the implementation of robust analysis approaches and additional filtering steps that can minimize the chances of false positive-findings due to sex-specific sequencing errors. We apply this approach to two family-based AD datasets and identify four novel loci (GRID1, RIOK3, MCPH1, ZBTB7C) showing sex-specific association with AD risk. Following stringent quality control filtering, the strongest candidate is ZBTB7C (Pinter = 1.83 × 10-7), in which the minor allele of rs1944572 confers increased risk for AD in females and protection in males. ZBTB7C encodes the Zinc Finger and BTB Domain Containing 7C, a transcriptional repressor of membrane metalloproteases (MMP). Members of this MMP family were implicated in AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Prokopenko
- Genetics and Aging Unit and McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian Hecker
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rory Kirchner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brad A Chapman
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oliver Hoffman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristina Mullin
- Genetics and Aging Unit and McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Winston Hide
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, US
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nan Laird
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Unit and McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Debono J, Dashevsky D, Nouwens A, Fry BG. The sweet side of venom: Glycosylated prothrombin activating metalloproteases from Dispholidus typus (boomslang) and Thelotornis mossambicanus (twig snake). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 227:108625. [PMID: 31634575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dispholidus typus and Thelotornis mossambicanus are closely related rear-fanged colubrid snakes that both possess strongly procoagulant venoms. However, despite similarities in overall venom biochemistry and resulting clinical manifestations, the underlying venom composition differs significantly between the two species. As a result, the only available antivenom-which is a monovalent antivenom for D. typus-has minimal cross reactivity with T. mossambicanus and is not a clinically viable option. It was hypothesised that this lack of cross reactivity is due to the additional large metalloprotease protein within T. mossambicanus venom, which may also be responsible for faster coagulation times. In this study, we found that T. mossambicanus venom is a more powerful activator of prothrombin than that of D. typus and that the SVMP transcripts from T. mossambicanus form a clade with those from D. typus. The sequences from D. typus and T. mossambicanus were highly similar in length, with the calculated molecular weights of the T. mossambicanus transcripts being significantly less than the molecular weights of some isoforms on the 1D SDS-PAGE gels. Analyses utilising degylcosylating enzymes revealed that T. mossambicanus SVMPs are glycosylated during post-translational modification, but that this does not lead to the different molecular weight bands observed in 1D SDS-PAGE gels. However, differences in glycosylation patterns may still explain some of the difference between the enzymatic activities and neutralization by antivenom that have been observed in these venoms. The results of this study provide new information regarding the treatment options for patients envenomated by T. mossambicanus as well as the evolution of these dangerous snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Debono
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Dashevsky
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Amanda Nouwens
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bryan G Fry
- Venom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Krynická V, Georg J, Jackson PJ, Dickman MJ, Hunter CN, Futschik ME, Hess WR, Komenda J. Depletion of the FtsH1/3 Proteolytic Complex Suppresses the Nutrient Stress Response in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp strain PCC 6803. Plant Cell 2019; 31:2912-2928. [PMID: 31615847 PMCID: PMC6925008 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-embedded FtsH proteases found in bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria are involved in diverse cellular processes including protein quality control and regulation. The genome of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 encodes four FtsH homologs designated FtsH1 to FtsH4. The FtsH3 homolog is present in two hetero-oligomeric complexes: FtsH2/3, which is responsible for photosystem II quality control, and the essential FtsH1/3 complex, which helps maintain Fe homeostasis by regulating the level of the transcription factor Fur. To gain a more comprehensive insight into the physiological roles of FtsH hetero-complexes, we performed genome-wide expression profiling and global proteomic analyses of Synechocystis mutants conditionally depleted of FtsH3 or FtsH1 grown under various nutrient conditions. We show that the lack of FtsH1/3 leads to a drastic reduction in the transcriptional response to nutrient stress of not only Fur but also the Pho, NdhR, and NtcA regulons. In addition, this effect is accompanied by the accumulation of the respective transcription factors. Thus, the FtsH1/3 complex is of critical importance for acclimation to iron, phosphate, carbon, and nitrogen starvation in Synechocystis.plantcell;31/12/2912/FX1F1fx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Krynická
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jens Georg
- Genetics & Experimental Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philip J Jackson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Dickman
- ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias E Futschik
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine (ITSMed), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory (SysBioLab), Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang R Hess
- Genetics & Experimental Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Albertstrße 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef Komenda
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
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Guevara T, Körschgen H, Cuppari A, Schmitz C, Kuske M, Yiallouros I, Floehr J, Jahnen-Dechent W, Stöcker W, Gomis-Rüth FX. The C-terminal region of human plasma fetuin-B is dispensable for the raised-elephant-trunk mechanism of inhibition of astacin metallopeptidases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14683. [PMID: 31604990 PMCID: PMC6789097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human fetuin-B plays a key physiological role in human fertility through its inhibitory action on ovastacin, a member of the astacin family of metallopeptidases. The inhibitor consists of tandem cystatin-like domains (CY1 and CY2), which are connected by a linker containing a "CPDCP-trunk" and followed by a C-terminal region (CTR) void of regular secondary structure. Here, we solved the crystal structure of the complex of the inhibitor with archetypal astacin from crayfish, which is a useful model of human ovastacin. Two hairpins from CY2, the linker, and the tip of the "legumain-binding loop" of CY1 inhibit crayfish astacin following the "raised-elephant-trunk mechanism" recently reported for mouse fetuin-B. This inhibition is exerted by blocking active-site cleft sub-sites upstream and downstream of the catalytic zinc ion, but not those flanking the scissile bond. However, contrary to the mouse complex, which was obtained with fetuin-B nicked at a single site but otherwise intact, most of the CTR was proteolytically removed during crystallization of the human complex. Moreover, the two complexes present in the crystallographic asymmetric unit diverged in the relative arrangement of CY1 and CY2, while the two complexes found for the mouse complex crystal structure were equivalent. Biochemical studies in vitro confirmed the differential cleavage susceptibility of human and mouse fetuin-B in front of crayfish astacin and revealed that the cleaved human inhibitor blocks crayfish astacin and human meprin α and β only slightly less potently than the intact variant. Therefore, the CTR of animal fetuin-B orthologs may have a function in maintaining a particular relative orientation of CY1 and CY2 that nonetheless is dispensable for peptidase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibisay Guevara
- Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Helix Building, c/ Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, E-08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hagen Körschgen
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Cuppari
- Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Helix Building, c/ Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, E-08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlo Schmitz
- Biointerface Laboratory, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Kuske
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Yiallouros
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Floehr
- Biointerface Laboratory, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Willi Jahnen-Dechent
- Biointerface Laboratory, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Stöcker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Matrix Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 7, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - F Xavier Gomis-Rüth
- Proteolysis Lab, Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Helix Building, c/ Baldiri Reixac, 15-21, E-08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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41
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Liu ZQ, Liu YX, Zhou DY, Liu XY, Dong XP, Li DM, Shahidi F. The role of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) to the autolysis of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:5752-5759. [PMID: 31162681 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) is easy to autolysis in response to a variety of environmental and mechanical factors. In the current study, collagen fibres were extracted from fresh sea cucumber body wall and then incubated with endogenous matrix metalloprotease (MMP) of sea cucumber. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), chemical analysis and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis were utilized to demonstrate the changes in collagen fibres, collagen fibrils and collagen proteins. Moreover, a verification experiment was also carried out to confirm the contribution of MMP to the autolysis of sea cucumber. RESULTS Endogenous MMP caused complete depolymerization of collagen fibres into smaller collagen fibril bundles and collagen fibrils due to the fracture of proteoglycan interfibrillar bridges. Meanwhile, endogenous MMP also caused partial degradation of collagen fibrils by releasing soluble hydroxyproline and pyridinium cross-links. Furthermore, the treatment with MMP inhibitor (1,10-phenanthroline) prevented the autolysis of tissue blocks from S. japonicus dermis. CONCLUSION Endogenous MMP was the key enzyme in the autolysis of sea cucumber, while its action still focused on high-level structures of collagens especially collagen fibres. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qiang Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xin Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yang Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Ping Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
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Oliveira LS, Estevão-Costa MI, Alvarenga VG, Vivas-Ruiz DE, Yarleque A, Lima AM, Cavaco A, Eble JA, Sanchez EF. Atroxlysin-III, A Metalloproteinase from the Venom of the Peruvian Pit Viper Snake Bothrops atrox (Jergón) Induces Glycoprotein VI Shedding and Impairs Platelet Function. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193489. [PMID: 31561469 PMCID: PMC6803841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atroxlysin-III (Atr-III) was purified from the venom of Bothrops atrox. This 56-kDa protein bears N-linked glycoconjugates and is a P-III hemorrhagic metalloproteinase. Its cDNA-deduced amino acid sequence reveals a multidomain structure including a proprotein, a metalloproteinase, a disintegrin-like and a cysteine-rich domain. Its identity with bothropasin and jararhagin from Bothrops jararaca is 97% and 95%, respectively. Its enzymatic activity is metal ion-dependent. The divalent cations, Mg2+ and Ca2+, enhance its activity, whereas excess Zn2+ inhibits it. Chemical modification of the Zn2+-complexing histidine residues within the active site by using diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) inactivates it. Atr-III degrades plasma fibronectin, type I-collagen, and mainly the α-chains of fibrinogen and fibrin. The von Willebrand factor (vWF) A1-domain, which harbors the binding site for GPIb, is not hydrolyzed. Platelets interact with collagen via receptors for collagen, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), and α2β1 integrin. Neither the α2β1 integrin nor its collagen-binding A-domain is fragmented by Atr-III. In contrast, Atr-III cleaves glycoprotein VI (GPVI) into a soluble ~55-kDa fragment (sGPVI). Thereby, it inhibits aggregation of platelets which had been stimulated by convulxin, a GPVI agonist. Selectively, Atr-III targets GPVI antagonistically and thus contributes to the antithrombotic effect of envenomation by Bothrops atrox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana S Oliveira
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Inácia Estevão-Costa
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Valéria G Alvarenga
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Dan E Vivas-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular-Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima 14-0576, Peru.
| | - Armando Yarleque
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular-Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 01, Lima 14-0576, Peru.
| | - Augusto Martins Lima
- Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Cavaco
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Eladio F Sanchez
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Zhang J, Zhao M, Xiao W, Chang L, Wang F, Xu P. Recombinant expression, purification and characterization of acetylated LysargiNase from Escherichia coli with high activity and stability. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2019; 33:1067-1075. [PMID: 30900783 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE LysargiNase is a novel characterized metalloprotease that can cleave the N-terminii of lysine or arginine residues. The peptides generated by LysargiNase are just mirrors to those generated by trypsin. These characteristics of LysargiNase provide a powerful tool for mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics research. A highly active and stable LysargiNase produced by an easy and inexpensive method could greatly benefit proteomics research. Here, we report the soluble recombinant expression, purification and acetyl modification of LysargiNase in Escherichia coli. METHODS The coding sequence of LysargiNase with an enterokinase cleavage site at the N-terminus was inserted into plasmid pGEX-4 T-2 and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The strain was cultured in a 14-L fermenter with a working volume of 5 L. The protein expression was induced by adding isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) to a final concentration of 1 mM. The recombinant LysargiNase was loaded onto a GSTrap and an on-column digestion was performed to remove the GST tag and was subsequently purified by chromatographic purification. In vitro acetylation of LysargiNase was performed by using acetic anhydride. The digestion efficiency and specificity of recombinant LysargiNase and acetylated LysargiNase were compared with simple protein substrate, human serum albumin (HSA), and a complex proteomic sample, yeast lysate, by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). RESULTS Highly soluble expression of recombinant LysargiNase was achieved by plasmid pGEX-4 T-2 in E. coli BL21 (DE3). In addition, acetylation of purified LysargiNase significantly increased its resistance to autolysis, which resulted in a more complete digestion of proteomics samples and more identified peptides and proteins by LC/MS/MS. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we constructed a highly soluble expression system for producing recombinant LysargiNase in E. coli, which gave tremendous advantages in the downstream purification process. We also confirmed that acetyl modification can increase the stability and activity of recombinant LysargiNase. The study provided a superior way to produce this powerful tool for proteomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Weidi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing) and Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Abstract
Preeclampsia is a systemic disease caused by abnormal placentation that affects both mother and fetus. It was reported that Laeverin (LVRN, also known as Aminopeptidase Q) was up-regulated in the placenta of preeclamptic patients. However, physiological and pathological functions of LVRN remained to be unknown. Here we characterized Lvrn function during placentation in mice. RT-PCR showed that Lvrn is expressed in both fetus and placenta during embryogenesis, and several adult tissues. When we overexpressed Lvrn in a placenta-specific manner using lentiviral vectors, we did not see any defects in both placentae and fetuses. The mice carrying Lvrn overexpressing placentas did not show any preeclampsia-like symptoms such as maternal high blood pressure and fetal growth restriction. We next ablated Lvrn by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to see physiological function. In Lvrn ablated mice, maternal blood pressure during pregnancy was not affected, and both placentas and fetuses grew normally. Collectively, these results suggest that, LVRN is irrelevant to preeclampsia and dispensable for normal placentation and embryonic development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Tobita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daiji Kiyozumi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masanaga Muto
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taichi Noda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Vogt EJ, Tokuhiro K, Guo M, Dale R, Yang G, Shin SW, Movilla MJ, Shroff H, Dean J. Anchoring cortical granules in the cortex ensures trafficking to the plasma membrane for post-fertilization exocytosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2271. [PMID: 31118423 PMCID: PMC6531442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following fertilization, cortical granules exocytose ovastacin, a metalloendopeptidase that cleaves ZP2 in the zona pellucida surrounding mouse eggs to prevent additional sperm binding. Using high- and super-resolution imaging with ovastacinmCherry as a fluorescent marker, we characterize cortical granule dynamics at single granule resolution in transgenic mouse eggs. Newly-developed imaging protocols provide an unprecedented view of vesicular dynamics near the plasma membrane in mouse eggs. We discover that cortical granule anchoring in the cortex is dependent on maternal MATER and document that myosin IIA is required for biphasic trafficking to the plasma membrane. We observe local clearance of cortical actin during exocytosis and determine that pharmacologic or genetic disruption of trafficking to the plasma membrane impairs secretion of cortical granules and results in polyspermy. Thus, the regulation of cortical granule dynamics at the cortex-plasma membrane interface is critical for exocytosis and the post-fertilization block to sperm binding that ensures monospermic fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar-John Vogt
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Keizo Tokuhiro
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Genome Editing, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Min Guo
- Section on High Resolution Optical Imaging, NIBIB, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ryan Dale
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guanghui Yang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seung-Wook Shin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria Jimenez Movilla
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, University of Murcia, IMIB, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Hari Shroff
- Section on High Resolution Optical Imaging, NIBIB, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jurrien Dean
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Mishra LS, Mielke K, Wagner R, Funk C. Reduced expression of the proteolytically inactive FtsH members has impacts on the Darwinian fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:2173-2184. [PMID: 30721974 PMCID: PMC6460958 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
FtsH (filamentation-temperature-sensitive protein H) proteases are a family of membrane-bound enzymes present in eubacteria, animals, and plants. Besides the 12 genes encoding proteolytically active members of the FtsH family in the genome of Arabidopsis, there are five genes coding for members that are assumed to be proteolytically inactive due to mutations in the protease domain; these are termed FtsHi (i for inactive). Despite their lack of proteolytic activity, these FtsHi members seem to be important for chloroplast and plant development as four out of five homozygous knockout-mutants of FtsHis are embryo-lethal. Here, we analysed the Darwinian fitness of weak homozygous (ftshi1,3,4) and heterozygous (ftshi/FTSHi2,4,5) mutants. We compared the growth and development of these mutants to their respective wild-type Arabidopsis plants under controlled laboratory conditions and in the field, and we also evaluated the photosynthetic efficiency by pulse-amplitude modulation fluorescence. Homologous genotypes were subjected to various stress conditions in a greenhouse and gene co-expression as well as phylogenetic analyses were performed. Analysis of the gene-expression network of the five FTSHi genes indicated common clusters with genes encoding FtsH12, OTP51, and methylase. Phylogenetic analyses pointed to a common evolution (and common disappearance in grasses and gymnosperms) of FtsH12 and multiple presumably proteolytically inactive FtsHi enzymes. Our data show that the FtsHi enzymes are highly important during the seedling stage and for Darwinian fitness analyses in semi-natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kati Mielke
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Raik Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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47
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Tang Y, Meister TR, Walczak M, Pulkoski-Gross MJ, Hari SB, Sauer RT, Amberg-Johnson K, Yeh E. A mutagenesis screen for essential plastid biogenesis genes in human malaria parasites. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000136. [PMID: 30726238 PMCID: PMC6380595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosymbiosis has driven major molecular and cellular innovations. Plasmodium spp. parasites that cause malaria contain an essential, non-photosynthetic plastid-the apicoplast-which originated from a secondary (eukaryote-eukaryote) endosymbiosis. To discover organellar pathways with evolutionary and biomedical significance, we performed a mutagenesis screen for essential genes required for apicoplast biogenesis in Plasmodium falciparum. Apicoplast(-) mutants were isolated using a chemical rescue that permits conditional disruption of the apicoplast and a new fluorescent reporter for organelle loss. Five candidate genes were validated (out of 12 identified), including a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)-barrel protein that likely derived from a core metabolic enzyme but evolved a new activity. Our results demonstrate, to our knowledge, the first forward genetic screen to assign essential cellular functions to unannotated P. falciparum genes. A putative TIM-barrel enzyme and other newly identified apicoplast biogenesis proteins open opportunities to discover new mechanisms of organelle biogenesis, molecular evolution underlying eukaryotic diversity, and drug targets against multiple parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Meister
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Marta Walczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Pulkoski-Gross
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sanjay B. Hari
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Sauer
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katherine Amberg-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ellen Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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48
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Adamiec M, Misztal L, Kosicka E, Paluch-Lubawa E, Luciński R. Arabidopsis thaliana egy2 mutants display altered expression level of genes encoding crucial photosystem II proteins. J Plant Physiol 2018; 231:155-167. [PMID: 30268696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
EGY2 is a zinc-containing, intramembrane protease located in the thylakoid membrane. It is considered to be involved in the regulated intramembrane proteolysis - a mechanism leading to activation of membrane-anchored transcription factors through proteolytic cleavage, which causes them to be released from the membrane. The physiological functions of EGY2 in chloroplasts remains poorly understood. To answer the question of what the significance is of EGY2 in chloroplast functioning, two T-DNA insertion lines devoid of EGY2 protein were obtained and the mutant phenotype and photosystem II parameters were analyzed. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements revealed that the lack of EGY2 protease caused changes in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and minimum fluorescence yield (F0) as well as a higher sensitivity of photosystem II (PSII) to photoinhibition. Further immunoblot analysis revealed significant changes in the accumulation levels of the three chloroplast-encoded PSII core apoproteins: PsbA (D1) and PsbD (D2) forming the PSII reaction center and PsbC - a protein component of CP43, a part of the inner PSII antenna. The accumulation levels of nuclear-encoded proteins,Lhcb1-3, components of the major light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) as well as proteins forming minor peripheral antennae complexes, namely Lhcb4 (CP29), Lhcb5 (CP26), and Lhcb6 (CP24) remain, however, unchanged. The lack of EGY2 led to a significant increase in the level of PsbA (D1) with a simultaneous decrease in the accumulation levels of PsbC (CP43) and PsbD (D2). To test the hypothesis that the observed changes in the abundance of chloroplast-encoded proteins are a consequence of changes in gene expression levels, real-time PCR was performed. The results obtained show that egy2 mutants display an increased expression of PSBA and a reduction in the PSBD and PSBC genes. Simultaneously pTAC10, pTAC16 and FLN1 proteins were found to accumulate in thylakoid membranes of analyzed mutant lines. These proteins interact with the core complex of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase and may be involved in the regulation of chloroplast gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Adamiec
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Lucyna Misztal
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Kosicka
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Cell Biology, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Paluch-Lubawa
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Luciński
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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49
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Jennings E, Esposito D, Rittinger K, Thurston TLM. Structure-function analyses of the bacterial zinc metalloprotease effector protein GtgA uncover key residues required for deactivating NF-κB. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15316-15329. [PMID: 30049795 PMCID: PMC6166728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The closely related type III secretion system zinc metalloprotease effector proteins GtgA, GogA, and PipA are translocated into host cells during Salmonella infection. They then cleave nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcription factor subunits, dampening activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and thereby suppressing host immune responses. We demonstrate here that GtgA, GogA, and PipA cleave a subset of NF-κB subunits, including p65, RelB, and cRel but not NF-κB1 and NF-κB2, whereas the functionally similar type III secretion system effector NleC of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli cleaved all five NF-κB subunits. Mutational analysis of NF-κB subunits revealed that a single nonconserved residue in NF-κB1 and NF-κB2 that corresponds to the P1' residue Arg-41 in p65 prevents cleavage of these subunits by GtgA, GogA, and PipA, explaining the observed substrate specificity of these enzymes. Crystal structures of GtgA in its apo-form and in complex with the p65 N-terminal domain explained the importance of the P1' residue. Furthermore, the pattern of interactions suggested that GtgA recognizes NF-κB subunits by mimicking the shape and negative charge of the DNA phosphate backbone. Moreover, structure-based mutational analysis of GtgA uncovered amino acids that are required for the interaction of GtgA with p65, as well as those that are required for full activity of GtgA in suppressing NF-κB activation. This study therefore provides detailed and critical insight into the mechanism of substrate recognition by this family of proteins important for bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Jennings
- From the Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ and
| | - Diego Esposito
- the Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Rittinger
- the Molecular Structure of Cell Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa L M Thurston
- From the Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ and
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50
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Sebastian A, Chang JC, Mendez ME, Murugesh DK, Hatsell S, Economides AN, Christiansen BA, Loots GG. Comparative Transcriptomics Identifies Novel Genes and Pathways Involved in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092657. [PMID: 30205482 PMCID: PMC6163882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often result in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind PTOA development following ACL injury, we profiled ACL injury-induced transcriptional changes in knee joints of three mouse strains with varying susceptibility to OA: STR/ort (highly susceptible), C57BL/6J (moderately susceptible) and super-healer MRL/MpJ (not susceptible). Right knee joints of the mice were injured using a non-invasive tibial compression injury model and global gene expression was quantified before and at 1-day, 1-week, and 2-weeks post-injury using RNA-seq. Following injury, injured and uninjured joints of STR/ort and injured C57BL/6J joints displayed significant cartilage degeneration while MRL/MpJ had little cartilage damage. Gene expression analysis suggested that prolonged inflammation and elevated catabolic activity in STR/ort injured joints, compared to the other two strains may be responsible for the severe PTOA phenotype observed in this strain. MRL/MpJ had the lowest expression values for several inflammatory cytokines and catabolic enzymes activated in response to ACL injury. Furthermore, we identified several genes highly expressed in MRL/MpJ compared to the other two strains including B4galnt2 and Tpsab1 which may contribute to enhanced healing in the MRL/MpJ. Overall, this study has increased our knowledge of early molecular changes associated with PTOA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimy Sebastian
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 95101, USA.
| | - Jiun C Chang
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 95101, USA.
- School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA 95101, USA.
| | - Melanie E Mendez
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 95101, USA.
- School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA 95101, USA.
| | - Deepa K Murugesh
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 95101, USA.
| | - Sarah Hatsell
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10020, USA.
| | | | - Blaine A Christiansen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95101, USA.
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 95101, USA.
- School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA 95101, USA.
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