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Zhu Z, Mai J, Li T, Sun DW, Zeng Q, Liu X, Wang Z. In-situ investigation of supercooling behaviour during high-pressure shift freezing of pure water and sucrose solution. Food Chem 2024; 447:138980. [PMID: 38564849 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Supercooling is a main controllable factor for the fundamental understanding the high-pressure shift freezing (HPSF). In the study, a self-developed device based on the diamond anvil cell (DAC) and confocal Raman microscopy was utilized to realize an in-situ investigation of supercooling behaviour during HPSF of the pure water and sucrose solution. The spectra were used to determine the freezing point which is shown as a spectral phase marker (SD). The hydrogen bond strengths of water and sucrose solution under supercooling states were estimated by peak position and peak area ratio of sub-peaks. The results showed that the OH stretching bands had redshift under supercooling states. Moreover, the addition of sucrose molecules could strengthen the hydrogen bonding strength of water molecules under supercooling states. Thus, the DAC combined with Raman spectroscopy could be considered a novel strategy for a deep understanding of the supercooling behaviour during HPSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiayu Mai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | | | | | - Zhe Wang
- Hefei Hualing Co., Ltd, Hefei 230000, China
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Paschoal MAB, Gonçalves LM, Cavalcante SIA, Andrade-Maia G, Duarte S. Morphological changes and viability of Streptococcus mutans biofilm treated with erythrosine: A confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:888-895. [PMID: 38129976 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) is a modality that aims to induce microorganisms through visible light, a photosensitizer, and molecular oxygen. This therapy has shown promising results in controlling cariogenic biofilm in vitro and in vivo counterparts. This study investigated bacterial viability and morphological characterization of Streptococcus mutans mature biofilms after combination of erythrosine and a high potency dental curing light. Biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disks in batch culture. The samples were performed in triplicates. Fresh medium was replaced daily for five days and treated using 40 μM of E activated by HL 288 J/cm2 and total dose of 226 J at 1200 mW/cm2. Phosphate buffer saline and 0.12% of chlorhexidine were used as negative and positive control, respectively. After treatment, biofilms were assessed for microbial viability and morphological characterization by means of bio-volume and thickness. COMSTAT software was used for image analysis. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test with significance level 5%. The application of a-PDT and CHX treatments decreased S. mutans bacterial viability. The image analysis showed more red cells on biofilms when compared to other groups, demonstrating photobacterial killing. Erythrosine irradiated with a high potency curing light can potentially act as an antimicrobial tool in the treatment of cariogenic biofilms. The morphology and viability of microorganisms were impacted after treatment. Treatment with photodynamic therapy may be able to reduce the bio-volume and viability of bacteria present in biofilms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The use of the a-PDT technique has been applied in dentistry with satisfactory results. Some applications of this technique are in stomatology and endodontics. In the present study, we sought to understand the use of photodynamic therapy in the control of biofilm and the results found are compatible with the objective of microbiological control proposed by this technique, thus raising the alert for future studies in vivo using the combination of a-PDT with erythrosine, since they are easily accessible materials for the dental surgeon and can be applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriele Andrade-Maia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone Duarte
- Senior Director, Applied Research Department, American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kaiser KP, Wissiak E, Daas L, Walochnik J, Ardjomand N. Use of In Vivo Corneal Confocal Microscopy to Guide Excimer Laser With Adjunctive Mitomycin C for Treatment of Recalcitrant Acanthamoeba Keratitis. Cornea 2024; 43:652-657. [PMID: 38347671 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to describe 3 cases of recalcitrant Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) that were successfully treated using in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM) to guide excimer laser ablation depth with adjunctive mitomycin C 0.02%. METHODS Three patients diagnosed with AK did not respond to several weeks of intensive topical therapy with antiamoebic agents. The patient underwent phototherapeutic keratectomy with topical mitomycin C 0.02% application. The maximum stromal depth of cysts measured by IVCM was 80 μm, 100 μm, and 240 μm, and the stromal ablation depths were 80 μm, 100 μm, and 100 μm, respectively. RESULTS In all 3 eyes, AK resolved after a single excimer laser application, and topical treatment was gradually discontinued within 6 weeks afterward. In 1 eye, penetrating corneal transplantation was performed 6 weeks after phototherapeutic keratectomy because of ongoing severe corneal pain. IVCM and histology of the corneal transplant did not reveal any Acanthamoeba cysts within the excised corneal button. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period of 19 to 34 months. CONCLUSIONS IVCM-guided phototherapeutic keratectomy with mitomycin C 0.02% seems to be a safe and successful approach for the treatment of AK, especially in cases of resistance to topical treatment. Corneal IVCM should be performed before laser application to measure cyst depth, determine ablation depth, and assess postoperative treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elfriede Wissiak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Loay Daas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University, UKS, Homburg/Saar, Germany ; and
| | - Julia Walochnik
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Navid Ardjomand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Eichholz HM, Cornelis A, Wolf B, Grubitzsch H, Friedrich P, Makky A, Aktas B, Käs JA, Stepan H. Anatomy of the fetal membranes: insights from spinning disk confocal microscopy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1919-1923. [PMID: 37184578 PMCID: PMC11018647 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The fetal membranes are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy, and their integrity until parturition is critical for both fetal and maternal health. Preterm premature rupture of the membranes (pPROM) is known to be an indicator of preterm birth, but the underlying architectural and mechanical changes that lead to fetal membrane failure are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to gain new insights into the anatomy of the fetal membrane and to establish a tissue processing and staining protocol suitable for future prospective cohort studies. METHODS In this proof of principle study, we collected fetal membranes from women undergoing vaginal delivery or cesarean section. Small membrane sections were then fixed, stained for nucleic acids, actin, and collagen using fluorescent probes, and subsequently imaged in three dimensions using a spinning disk confocal microscope. RESULTS Four fetal membranes of different types were successfully processed and imaged after establishing a suitable protocol. Cellular and nuclear outlines are clearly visible in all cases, especially in the uppermost membrane layer. Focal membrane (micro) fractures could be identified in several samples. CONCLUSION The presented method proves to be well suited to determine whether and how the occurrence of membrane (micro) fractures and cellular jamming correlate with the timing of membrane rupture and the mode of delivery. In future measurements, this method could be combined with mechanical probing techniques to compare optical and mechanical sample information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Marie Eichholz
- Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence, Leipzig University, 04105, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alissa Cornelis
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wolf
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hanna Grubitzsch
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philip Friedrich
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ahmad Makky
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef Alfons Käs
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Stepan
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Solomonova E, Shoman N, Akimov A, Rylkova O, Meger Y. Application of confocal microscopy and flow cytometry to identify physiological responses of Prorocentrum micans to the herbicide glyphosate. Mar Environ Res 2024; 196:106417. [PMID: 38394976 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The physiological response of the dinoflagellate P. micans to the effect of the herbicide glyphosate at a concentration of 25-200 μg L-1 was evaluated. It has been shown that P. micans is able to grow due to the consumption of dissolved organic phosphorus formed as a result of the mineralization of glyphosate by bacteria. The addition of glyphosate to the medium inhibits the photosynthetic activity of cells; there is a pronounced inhibition of the relative electron transfer rate along the electron transport chain and the maximum quantum efficiency of the use of light energy. Morphological and ultrastructural changes in P. micans cells were evaluated at sublethal (150 μg L-1) and lethal (200 μg L-1) glyphosate concentrations. It has been shown that at a herbicide concentration of 150 μg L-1, the first signs of apoptosis appear in most P. micans cells: a decrease in lateral light scattering, cytoplasmic retraction, partial destruction of cytoplasmic organelles, a change in the morphology of nuclei, mitochondria, a change in the potential of mitochondrial membranes, and a decrease in the autofluorescence of chlorophyll in cells. At a glyphosate concentration of 200 μg L-1, P. micans showed signs of a late stage of apoptosis: violation of the integrity of intracellular organelles and chromatin organization, fragmentation of nuclei, condensation of cytoplasm, disorganization of chloroplasts in the cells, and the release of cell contents beyond the cell membrane. The effectiveness of using flow cytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy methods for identifying signs and stages of cell apoptosis when exposed to glyphosate is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Solomonova
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nahimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalia Shoman
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nahimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russian Federation
| | - Arkady Akimov
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nahimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Rylkova
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Nahimov Avе., Sevastopol, Russian Federation
| | - Yakov Meger
- Sevastopol State University, 299053, Universitetskaya Street, 33, Sevastopol, Russian Federation
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Al-Qahtani WH. Revealing the intricate microcosm: Advancing invasive species pollen analysis through scanning microscopy of ultra sculpture. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:844-853. [PMID: 38108226 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Micromorphological visualization of plant surface peculiarities provides valuable characters for the precise identification of plant species. Invasive alien species, introduced outside their native range, pose significant ecological, and health challenges. This study focuses on micromorphological investigations of selected invasive plant species belonging to the families Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Moraceae, Crassulaceae, Cannabaceae, Fabaceae, Commelinaceae, and Oxalidaceae. The study employs scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the species micromorphology of pollen structure in depth to characterize the sculpturing patterns. Additionally, the study examines the pollen characteristics of these invasive plants, including shape, size, and fertility, along with exine sculpturing. The maximum polar diameter was observed for Senna tora (41.2 μm). The spines in Achillea fragrantissima were measured to have dimensions of approximately 1.91 μm in length and 2.11 μm in width. The findings shed light on the allergy-causing potential of these invasive species, providing crucial information for accurate identification and effective management strategies to safeguard the indigenous flora of the region. The study contributes to the knowledge base for botanists, taxonomists, policy makers, climate experts, and biodiversity specialists. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Integrating SEM to analyze the pollen of invasive species. Unveiling pollen micromorphology of invasive species. Exploring the microscopic realm of invasive pollen to accurately identify the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahidah H Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food Sciences & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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He W, Liu H, Wang Z, Tay FR, Shen Y. The dynamics of bacterial proliferation, viability, and extracellular polymeric substances in oral biofilm development. J Dent 2024; 143:104882. [PMID: 38331378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relationship between bacterial growth, viability, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) formation in biofilms, particularly regarding resistance development. It also examined the impact of chemical factors on the EPS matrix and bacterial proliferation in oral biofilms. METHODS Three multi-species oral biofilms were incubated in anaerobic conditions. Three strains of Enterococcus faecalis were incubated in aerobic conditions. The incubation periods ranged from 0 h to 7 days for short-term biofilms, and from 3 to 90 days for long-term biofilms. Fluorescent labeling with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and flow cytometry were used to track EPS and bacterial growth. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assessed bacterial viability and EPS structure. Biofilms aged 7, 14, and 21 days were treated with 2 % chlorhexidine (CHX) and 1 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to evaluate their effects on EPS and bacterial proliferation. RESULTS Short-term biofilms showed rapid bacterial proliferation and a gradual increase in EPS, maintaining stable viability. In the first two weeks, a significant rise in CFSE indicated growing maturity. From 14 to 90 days, EPS and CFSE levels stabilized. Following treatment, CHX significantly reduced bacterial proliferation, while NaOCl decreased EPS volume. CONCLUSIONS Biofilm development involves a balance between bacterial proliferation and EPS production. The complexity of this process poses challenges in treating biofilm-associated infections, requiring strategies tailored to the biofilm's developmental stage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE For effective root canal treatment, it is imperative to focus on reducing bacterial proliferation during the early stages of oral infections. In contrast, strategies aimed at minimizing EPS production could be more beneficial for long-term management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan He
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College of HUST, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - He Liu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Liu H, Nio S, Shen Y. Sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in dentinal tubules: effect of concentration, temperature, and exposure time. Odontology 2024; 112:390-398. [PMID: 37646916 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two sodium hypochlorite concentrations at different exposure times and temperatures against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms of varying ages in human dentinal tubules. Dentin blocks were infected with E. faecalis for either 3 days or 3 weeks of incubation. Subsequently, the samples were exposed to sterile water, 2%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for 3 and 10 min at 20 °C and 60 °C . Viability staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to assess the proportion of killed bacteria in the dentinal tubules after exposure. There are no significant differences in the efficacy of E. faecalis killing between 2% sodium hypochlorite at 60 °C for various exposure times and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite at different temperatures or exposure times (P > 0.05). When both solutions were compared at the same temperatures with a 10-min exposure time, no significant differences in the effectiveness of E. faecalis killing between 2% and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite were observed (P > 0.05). To optimize the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite in killing E. faecalis while minimizing potential damage to root dentin and soft tissue, clinicians should prioritize increasing the temperature or exposure time of sodium hypochlorite, rather than raising its concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stefanie Nio
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Navarrete-Dechent C, Rajadhyaksha M, Marghoob AA, Nehal KS, Halpern A, Rossi AM, Jain M. Continuing Medical Education-accredited reflectance confocal microscopy course in the USA and its impact on learning and clinical integration: report from a single centre. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:408-409. [PMID: 38039138 PMCID: PMC10957219 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) images skin lesions noninvasively at quasi-histological resolution. RCM has improved the diagnosis of skin neoplasms, and recently acquired billing codes in the USA.1 However, reading RCM images requires training, imposing a major barrier to its widespread adoption.2 To date, RCM learning has not been standardized and is primarily based on ‘mentorship’ and ‘on-site’ learning. There is a paucity of CME-accredited RCM courses in the USA and across the globe, as well as a lack of reports on CME’s clinical impact. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a short-duration RCM course on learning and clinical integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Milind Rajadhyaksha
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashfaq A Marghoob
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kishwer S Nehal
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allan C Halpern
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony M Rossi
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manu Jain
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Desai JV, Lionakis MS. Evaluation of murine renal phagocyte-fungal interactions using intravital confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102781. [PMID: 38113143 PMCID: PMC10770751 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid phagocytes are essential for antifungal host defense during systemic candidiasis. Here, we present a protocol for assessing phagocyte-fungal interactions in vivo in the kidney, the primary target organ of the murine systemic candidiasis model. We describe steps for intravital confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. We also detail a kidney tissue dissociation procedure to obtain highly pure functional phagocytes for utilization in downstream ex vivo fungal uptake and killing assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar V Desai
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Cahill LC, Yoshitake T, Rosen M, Weber TD, Fujimoto JG, Rosen S. Data retrieval from archival renal biopsies using nonlinear microscopy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299506. [PMID: 38489324 PMCID: PMC10942027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Thorough examination of renal biopsies may improve understanding of renal disease. Imaging of renal biopsies with fluorescence nonlinear microscopy (NLM) and optical clearing enables three-dimensional (3D) visualization of pathology without microtome sectioning. Archival renal paraffin blocks from 12 patients were deparaffinized and stained with Hoechst and Eosin for fluorescent nuclear and cytoplasmic/stromal contrast, then optically cleared using benzyl alcohol benzyl benzoate (BABB). NLM images of entire biopsy fragments (thickness range 88-660 μm) were acquired using NLM with fluorescent signals mapped to an H&E color scale. Cysts, glomeruli, exudative lesions, and Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules were segmented in 3D and their volumes, diameters, and percent composition could be obtained. The glomerular count on 3D NLM volumes was high indicating that archival blocks could be a vast tissue resource to enable larger-scale retrospective studies. Rapid optical clearing and NLM imaging enables more thorough biopsy examination and is a promising technique for analysis of archival paraffin blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Cahill
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Tadayuki Yoshitake
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Milan Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Weber
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Seymour Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Askari F, Kaur R. Protocol for determination of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate levels and localization in Candida glabrata by confocal microscopy. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102759. [PMID: 38088931 PMCID: PMC10757287 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) levels govern membrane trafficking in Candida glabrata. Here, we present a confocal imaging-based protocol for PI3P localization analysis using the GFP-FYVE (found in Fab1, YOTB, Vac1, and EEA1) fusion protein. We describe steps for cloning the FYVE domain into the GFP-containing vector backbone, transforming FYVE-GFP into C. glabrata, and preparing slides with FYVE-GFP-expressing C. glabrata cells. We then detail procedures for acquiring and analyzing images and quantifying signal data. This protocol is adaptable to subcellular localization analysis of other low-abundant lipid and protein molecules. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Askari et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fizza Askari
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India.
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Hirano M, Yonemaru Y, Shimozono S, Sugiyama M, Ando R, Okada Y, Fujiwara T, Miyawaki A. StayGold photostability under different illumination modes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5541. [PMID: 38448511 PMCID: PMC10918099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
StayGold is a bright fluorescent protein (FP) that is over one order of magnitude more photostable than any of the currently available FPs across the full range of illumination intensities used in widefield microscopy and structured illumination microscopy, the latter of which is a widefield illumination-based technique. To compare the photostability of StayGold under other illumination modes with that of three other green-emitting FPs, namely EGFP, mClover3, and mNeonGreen, we expressed all four FPs as fusions to histone 2B in HeLa cells. Unlike the case of widefield microscopy, the photobleaching behavior of these FPs in laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) is complicated. The outstanding photostability of StayGold observed in multi-beam LSCM was variably attenuated in single-beam LSCM, which produces intermittent and instantaneously strong illumination. We systematically examined the effects of different single-beam LSCM beam-scanning patterns on the photostability of the FPs in living HeLa cells. This study offers relevant guidelines for researchers who aim to achieve sustainable live cell imaging by resolving problems related to FP photostability. We also provide evidence for measurable sensitivity of the photostability of StayGold to chemical fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Hirano
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yonemaru
- Evident Corporation, 67-4 Takakura-Machi, Hachioji-City, Tokyo, 190-0033, Japan
- RIKEN CBS-EVIDENT Open Collaboration Center, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimozono
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mayu Sugiyama
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryoko Ando
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Optical Biomedical Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okada
- Laboratory for Cell Polarity Regulation, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Physics, UBI and WPI-IRCN, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- RIKEN CBS-EVIDENT Open Collaboration Center, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Analysis, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Lai C, Zhao S, Li L, Luo X, Chen Y, Niu Y, Qin Y, Zhang H. Comparison of bleb morphologies between phacoemulsification combined with Ex-PRESS mini shunt implantation, phacotrabeculectomy and trabeculectomy alone: a two-year retrospective in vivo confocal microscopy study. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:108. [PMID: 38448910 PMCID: PMC10916144 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the bleb morphologies of phacoemulsification combined with Ex-PRESS implantation (Phaco-ExPRESS), phaco trabeculectomy (Phaco-Trab), and trabeculectomy (Trab) in postoperative two years. METHODS Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with or without cataracts were included in this study. All patients underwent surgeries of either Phaco-ExPRESS, Phaco-Trab, or Trab. The morphologic structures of the filtering bleb, including microcysts area, hyperreflective dot density, and stromal connective tissue under in vivo confocal microscope (IVCM), were compared between the three groups. The data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months. RESULTS Eighty-nine eyes from 89 patients were enrolled, including 32 in the Phaco-ExPRESS group, 25 in the Phaco-Trab group, and 32 in the Trab group. In a 24-month follow-up, bleb morphologies in Phaco-ExPRESS were similar to the Trab group. The area of epithelial microcysts was significantly increased in Phaco-ExPRESS and Trab groups while significantly decreased in Phaco-Trab. At postoperative 24 months, the complete success rate was 65.1% in Phaco-ExPRESS, 32.0% in Phaco-Trab, and 59.4% in the Trab group (P = 0.03). The phaco-Trab group had more postoperative anti-glaucoma medications than the other two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Phaco-ExPRESS group and Trab group had similar blebs morphologies in IVCM, with larger microcyst area, looser connective tissue, and less inflammation than Phaco-Trab, indicating that the function of blebs in the Phaco-ExPRESS and Trab group, was more potent than that of Phaco-Trab. All these surgical methods provided adequate IOP control, but Phaco-Trab required more anti-glaucoma medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chunxin Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Dadao North Road, 510000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Dadao North Road, 510000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Dadao North Road, 510000, Guangzhou, China.
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Goswami N, Winston N, Choi W, Lai NZE, Arcanjo RB, Chen X, Sobh N, Nowak RA, Anastasio MA, Popescu G. EVATOM: an optical, label-free, machine learning assisted embryo health assessment tool. Commun Biol 2024; 7:268. [PMID: 38443460 PMCID: PMC10915136 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The combination of a good quality embryo and proper maternal health factors promise higher chances of a successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure leading to clinical pregnancy and live birth. Of these two factors, selection of a good embryo is a controllable aspect. The current gold standard in clinical practice is visual assessment of an embryo based on its morphological appearance by trained embryologists. More recently, machine learning has been incorporated into embryo selection "packages". Here, we report EVATOM: a machine-learning assisted embryo health assessment tool utilizing an optical quantitative phase imaging technique called artificial confocal microscopy (ACM). We present a label-free nucleus detection method with, to the best of our knowledge, novel quantitative embryo health biomarkers. Two viability assessment models are presented for grading embryos into two classes: healthy/intermediate (H/I) or sick (S) class. The models achieve a weighted F1 score of 1.0 and 0.99 respectively on the in-distribution test set of 72 fixed embryos and a weighted F1 score of 0.9 and 0.95 respectively on the out-of-distribution test dataset of 19 time-instances from 8 live embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Goswami
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Nicola Winston
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Wonho Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Nastasia Z E Lai
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rachel B Arcanjo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Nahil Sobh
- NCSA Center for Artificial Intelligence Innovation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Mark A Anastasio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Eijkenboom QL, Daxenberger F, Gust C, Hartmann D, Guertler A, Steckmeier S, Deussing M, French LE, Welzel J, Schuh S, Sattler EC. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography, a novel non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of onychomycosis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:367-375. [PMID: 38279541 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Onychomycosis is common and important to distinguish from other nail diseases. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is necessary for optimal patient treatment and outcome. Non-invasive diagnostic tools have increasing potential for nail diseases including onychomycosis. This study evaluated line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) as a rapid non-invasive tool for diagnosing onychomycosis as compared to confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and conventional methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective study 86 patients with clinically suspected onychomycosis and 14 controls were examined using LC-OCT, OCT, and CLSM. KOH-preparation, fungal culture, PCR, and histopathology were used as comparative conventional methods. RESULTS LC-OCT had the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value of all methods used, closely followed by PCR and OCT. Specificity and positive predictive value of LC-OCT were as high as with CLSM, while OCT scored much lower. The gold standard technique, fungal culture, showed the lowest sensitivity and negative predictive value. Only PCR and culture allowed species differentiation. CONCLUSIONS LC-OCT enables quick and non-invasive detection of onychomycosis, with advantages over CLSM and OCT, and similar diagnostic accuracy to PCR but lacking species differentiation. For accurate nail examination, LC-OCT requires well-trained and experienced operators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabia Daxenberger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, LMU University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Charlotte Gust
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, LMU University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, LMU University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Guertler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, LMU University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Steckmeier
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, LMU University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Deussing
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, LMU University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Einar French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, LMU University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Julia Welzel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schuh
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Wang Y, Chen L, Qin B, Ren M, Li Q. Reflectance confocal microscopy as a complementary diagnostic tool for vulvar lichen sclerosus and vulvar vitiligo in juvenile Chinese girls. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15033. [PMID: 38414178 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinfeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Rao L, Yang M, Chen H, Feng YY. Monkeypox 2023 in China: Dermatologist in the frontline with dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy findings. J Dermatol 2024; 51:e81-e82. [PMID: 37937665 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Demir Ş, Erdal E, Bagriyanik HA. Imaging of Isolated Exosomes by Correlative Microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:149-156. [PMID: 38400717 PMCID: PMC10956441 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241233346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Correlative microscopy is a sophisticated imaging technique that combines optical and electron microscopes, with the most common approach being the integration of light microscopy and electron microscopy, known as correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). While CLEM provides a comprehensive view of biological samples, it presents a significant challenge in sample preparation due to the distinct processes involved in each technique. Striking a balance between these methods is crucial. Despite numerous approaches, achieving seamless imaging with CLEM remains a complex task. Exosomes, nanovesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm in size, are enclosed by a lipid bilayer and released by various cell types. Visualizing exosomes poses difficulties due to their small size and minimal electric charge. However, imaging exosomes at high resolution offers a direct method to understand their morphology and functions. In this study, we evaluated exosome imaging with CLEM using a combination of confocal, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, we conducted a comparative analysis of these two techniques, evaluating their suitability and efficiency in imaging nanoscale structures. In this study, we found that confocal-SEM correlation is more applicable for imaging exosomes. Moreover, we observed that exosomes were found in clusters in confocal-SEM correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyda Demir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Health Science Institute
| | - Esra Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine
- Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye, and Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Hüsnü Alper Bagriyanik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Health Science Institute
- Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye, and Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Türkiye
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Jacobsen K, Wenande E, Ortner VK, Schmidt G, Haedersdal M. Surgical planning with line-field confocal optical coherence tomography for recurrent infiltrative basal cell carcinoma: visualizing subclinical tumor for margin adjustment. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:462-465. [PMID: 38396266 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jacobsen
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emily Wenande
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vinzent Kevin Ortner
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grethe Schmidt
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Treatment, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bao P, Liu H, Yang L, Zhang L, Yang L, Xiao N, Shen J, Deng J, Shen Y. In vitro efficacy of Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation versus passive ultrasonic irrigation and sonic-powered irrigation for treating multispecies biofilms in artificial grooves and dentinal tubules: an SEM and CLSM study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:261. [PMID: 38389109 PMCID: PMC10882935 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multispecies biofilms located in the anatomical intricacies of the root canal system remain the greatest challenge in root canal disinfection. The efficacy of Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation techniques for treating multispecies biofilms in these hard-to-reach areas has not been proved. The objective of this laboratory study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation techniques, namely, photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS), in treating multispecies biofilms within apical artificial grooves and dentinal tubules, in comparison with conventional needle irrigation (CNI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and sonic-powered irrigation (EDDY). Two types of multispecies root canal biofilm models were established in combination with two assessment methods using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) with the aim to obtain more meaningful results. METHODS Ninety extracted human single-rooted premolars were chosen for two multispecies biofilm models. Each tooth was longitudinally split into two halves. In the first model, a deep narrow groove was created in the apical segment of the canal wall. After cultivating a mixed bacterial biofilm for 4 weeks, the split halves were reassembled and subjected to five irrigation techniques: CNI, PUI, EDD, PIPS, and SWEEPS. The residual biofilms inside and outside the groove in Model 1 were analyzed using SEM. For Model 2, the specimens were split longitudinally once more to evaluate the percentage of killed bacteria in the dentinal tubules across different canal sections (apical, middle, and coronal thirds) using CLSM. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc multiple comparisons were used to assess the antibiofilm efficacy of the 5 irrigation techniques. RESULTS Robust biofilm growth was observed in all negative controls after 4 weeks. In Model 1, within each group, significantly fewer bacteria remained outside the groove than inside the groove (P < 0.05). SWEEPS, PIPS and EDDY had significantly greater biofilm removal efficacy than CNI and PUI, both from the outside and inside the groove (P < 0.05). Although SWEEPS was more effective than both PIPS and EDDY at removing biofilms inside the groove (P < 0.05), there were no significant differences among these methods outside the groove (P > 0.05). In Model 2, SWEEPS and EDDY exhibited superior bacterial killing efficacy within the dentinal tubules, followed by PIPS, PUI, and CNI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation techniques, along with EDDY, demonstrated significant antibiofilm efficacy in apical artificial grooves and dentinal tubules, areas that are typically challenging to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Bao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Department of Endodontics, School of Medicine, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lan Yang
- Hangzhou Stomatological Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Medicine, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Medicine, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Nannan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Endodontics, School of Medicine, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, 300041, China.
| | - Jiayin Deng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Ya Shen
- Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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22
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Akkul Z, Erkilic K, Sener H, Polat OA, Er Arslantas E. Diabetic corneal neuropathy and its relation to the severity of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an in vivo confocal microscopy study. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:108. [PMID: 38386121 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate corneal neuropathy and corneal nerve alterations in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with different diabetic retinopathy (DR) status. METHODS A total of 87 eyes of 87 patients with DM and 28 eyes of 28 healthy control subjects were included in the study. DM patients were further classified into 3 groups: patients without DR (NDR), patients with non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and patients with proliferative DR (PDR). PDR patients were classified into 2 groups regarding having undergone retinal argon laser photocoagulation treatment (ALP). Ocular surface disease index score (OSDI), average tear break-up time (A-BUT), corneal sensitivity and cornea nerve fiber length (CNFL), cornea nerve fiber density (CNFD), and cornea nerve branch density (CNBD) of the cornea subbasal nerve plexus (SBNP) were measured using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). RESULTS OSDI scores increased and A-BUT decreased in DM patients compared to the control group, but no significant difference was found between DM patient groups. Corneal sensitivity decreased in DM patients who developed DR, compared to both the controls and the NDR group. CNFD and CNFL decreased in NPDR and PDR patients compared to controls. CNFD and CNBD decreased in patients who had developed PDR, compared to all three groups. All IVCM parameters decreased with DR progression. CONCLUSION IVCM can detect early structural corneal nerve changes in diabetic patients. The presence of DM affects ocular surface parameters, especially in long-term DM patients. Corneal sensitivity loss is increased with the presence of DR. All IVCM parameters decrease with DR development and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Akkul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Kuddusi Erkilic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hidayet Sener
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Osman Ahmet Polat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Elif Er Arslantas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
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Hacıağaoğlu S, Akkaya Turhan S, Toker E. A comparison of conventional and accelerated corneal crosslinking: corneal epithelial remodeling and in vivo confocal microscopy analysis. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:87. [PMID: 38363414 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of conventional and accelerated corneal crosslinking (CXL) on visual acuity, corneal topography, corneal epithelial thickness, and subbasal nerve morphology in progressive keratoconus patients. METHODS In this prospective and randomized study, twenty eyes of 20 patients were treated with conventional CXL (3 mW/cm2, 30 min, C-CXL) and 19 eyes of 19 patients were treated with accelerated CXL (9 mW/cm2, 10 min, A-CXL). The spherical equivalent, uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity, keratometric measurements, demarcation line measurement and epithelial thickness mapping analyses, and subbasal nerve morphology with in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCCM) were evaluated at baseline and at postoperative months 1, 3 and 6. RESULTS At postoperative 6 months, a significant improvement was observed in all keratometric values in both treatment groups (p < 0.05). All epithelial thickness indices, except central, temporal, and inferotemporal thickness, were reduced at 1 month postoperatively in both treatment groups. The epithelial map uniformity indices (standard deviation and difference between min-max thickness) were significantly lower than the baseline values at all time points after CXL in both treatment groups (p < 0.001). Compared with the preoperative values, there was a significant decrease in all IVCCM parameters at 1 month postoperatively (p < 0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, corneal nerve fiber density and corneal nerve branch density recovered to preoperative values in the A-CXL group, whereas corneal nerve regeneration was not complete in the C-CXL group. CONCLUSION Both conventional and accelerated CXL treatments appear to be effective in halting the progression of KC. Corneal epithelial irregularity slightly improves after CXL. The regeneration of subbasal nerves is faster after A-CXL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezer Hacıağaoğlu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bahçeşehir University, Sahrayıcedit Mah. Batman Sk. No:66, 34734 Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Semra Akkaya Turhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University, Marmara Üniversitesi Pendik Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Fevzi Çakmak Mah. Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Cad. No:10 Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toker
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States
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24
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Chen L, Wang Y, Gao X, Li Q. Reflectance confocal microscopy as a complementary diagnostic tool for greyish-brown dermatoses in children. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:259-262. [PMID: 37846602 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Mastocytosis, lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP), fixed drug eruption (FDE) and café-au-lait macules (CALM) have a similar appearance, often lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses. At the outpatient clinic at Tianjin Children's Hospital in 21 patients with mastocytosis, 18 with LPP, 11 with FDE and 12 with CALM we evaluated the characteristics and distinguishing features of their dermatoses using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). In mastocytosis, the dermal papillary rings generally had a significantly increased bright refractive index and the superficial dermis was filled with moderate refractive flocculent material. In LPP, the dermal papillary rings were absent and numerous different-sized cellular structures were densely distributed in the superficial dermis. In FDE, the dermal papillary rings were intact with a significantly increased bright refractive index. In CALM, normal dermal papillary rings were detected with a uniformly slightly increased refractive index and no obvious abnormality in the superficial dermis. RCM allows for real-time visualization of the major key diagnostic and distinguishing features of four greyish-brown dermatoses in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xibo Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinfeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
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25
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Neu TR, Kuhlicke U, Karwautz C, Lüders T. Unique architecture of microbial snottites from a methane driven biofilm revealed by confocal microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:205-213. [PMID: 37724509 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms occur in many shapes and different dimensions. In natural and semi-artificial caves they are forming pendulous structures of 10 cm and more. In this study a methane driven microbial community of a former medicinal spring was investigated. The habitat was completely covered by massive biofilms and snottites with a wobbly, gelatinous appearance. By using fluorescence techniques in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy the architecture of these so far unknown snottites was examined. The imaging approaches applied comprised reflection of geogenic and cellular origin, possible autofluorescence, nucleic acid staining for bacterial cells, protein staining for bacteria and extracellular fine structures, calcofluor white for β 1 → 3, β 1 → 4 polysaccharide staining for possible fungi as well as lectin staining for the extracellular biofilm matrix glycoconjugates. The results showed a highly complex, intricate structure with voluminous, globular, and tube-like glycoconjugates of different dimensions and densities. In addition, filamentous bacteria seem to provide additional strength to the snottites. After screening with all commercially available lectins, by means of fluorescence lectin barcoding and subsequent fluorescence lectin binding analysis, the AAL, PNA, LEA, and Ban lectins identified α-Fuc, β-Gal, β-GlcNAc, and α-Man with α-Fuc as a major component. Examination of the outer boundary with fluorescent beads revealed a potential outer layer which could not be stained by any of the fluorescent probes applied. Finally, suggestions are made to further elucidate the characteristics of these unusual microbial biofilms in form of snottites. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The gelatinous snottites revealed at the microscale a highly complex structure not seen before. The extracellular matrix of the snottite biofilm was identified as clusters of different shape and density. The matrix of snottites was examined by taking advantage of 78 fluorescently-labeled lectins. The extracellular matrix glycoconjugates of snottites identified comprised: α-Fuc, β-Gal, β-GlcNAc, and α-Man. Probing the snottite outer surface indicated an additional unknown stratum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Neu
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ute Kuhlicke
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Karwautz
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lüders
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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26
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Balsiger LM, Tack J, Simrén M, van Gils T. Comments on the use of confocal laser endomicroscopy in diagnosing protein-losing enteropathy. Endoscopy 2024; 56:158. [PMID: 38290506 DOI: 10.1055/a-2205-3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Michaja Balsiger
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Functional GI and Motility Disorders, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Tom van Gils
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
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27
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Veronesi G, Scotti B, Vaccari S, Baraldi C, Magnaterra E, Dika E. Onychopapilloma: does free edge confocal microscopy of the nail improve the diagnosis? Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13592. [PMID: 38282281 PMCID: PMC10823149 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Veronesi
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of DermatologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Biagio Scotti
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of DermatologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Sabina Vaccari
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of DermatologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Carlotta Baraldi
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of DermatologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Elisabetta Magnaterra
- Section of DermatologyDepartment of Health SciencesUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Emi Dika
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of DermatologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)Alma Mater StudiorumUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
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28
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Faldetta C, Kaleci S, Chester J, Ruini C, Ciardo S, Manfredini M, Guida S, Chello C, Cantisani C, Young JN, Cabral P, Gulati N, Guttman-Yassky E, Pellacani G, Farnetani F. Melanoma clinicopathological groups characterized and compared with dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:309-318. [PMID: 37988042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) correlations between morphologic groups of melanoma have not yet been described. OBJECTIVE Describe and compare dermoscopic and RCM features of cutaneous melanomas with histopathological confirmation. METHODS Single center, retrospective analysis of consecutive melanomas evaluated with RCM (2015-2019). Lesions were clinically classified as typical, nevus-like, amelanotic/nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC)-like, seborrheic keratosis (SK)-like and lentigo/lentigo maligna (LM)-like. Presence or absence of common facial and nonfacial melanoma dermoscopic and RCM patterns were recorded. Clusters were compared with typical lesions by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Among 583 melanoma lesions, significant differences between clusters were evident (compared to typical lesions). Observation of dermoscopic features (>50% of lesions) in amelanotic/NMSC-like lesions consistently displayed 3 patterns (atypical network, atypical vascular pattern + regression structures), and nevus-like and SK-like lesions and lentigo/LM-like lesions consistently displayed 2 patterns (atypical network + regression structures, and nonevident follicles + heavy pigmentation intensity). Differences were less evident with RCM, as almost all lesions were consistent with melanoma diagnosis. LIMITATIONS Small SK-like lesions sample, single RCM analyses (no reproduction of outcome). CONCLUSION RCM has the potential to augment our ability to consistently and accurately diagnose melanoma independently of clinical and dermoscopic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Faldetta
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Shaniko Kaleci
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Johanna Chester
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristel Ruini
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Dermatology Clinic, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Ciardo
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Manfredini
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Guida
- School of Medicine Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Dermatologic Clinic, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Chello
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Cantisani
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jade N Young
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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29
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Winter CM, Szekely P, Popov V, Belcher H, Carter R, Jones M, Fraser SE, Truong TV, Benfey PN. SHR and SCR coordinate root patterning and growth early in the cell cycle. Nature 2024; 626:611-616. [PMID: 38297119 PMCID: PMC10866714 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Precise control of cell division is essential for proper patterning and growth during the development of multicellular organisms. Coordination of formative divisions that generate new tissue patterns with proliferative divisions that promote growth is poorly understood. SHORTROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) are transcription factors that are required for formative divisions in the stem cell niche of Arabidopsis roots1,2. Here we show that levels of SHR and SCR early in the cell cycle determine the orientation of the division plane, resulting in either formative or proliferative cell division. We used 4D quantitative, long-term and frequent (every 15 min for up to 48 h) light sheet and confocal microscopy to probe the dynamics of SHR and SCR in tandem within single cells of living roots. Directly controlling their dynamics with an SHR induction system enabled us to challenge an existing bistable model3 of the SHR-SCR gene-regulatory network and to identify key features that are essential for rescue of formative divisions in shr mutants. SHR and SCR kinetics do not align with the expected behaviour of a bistable system, and only low transient levels, present early in the cell cycle, are required for formative divisions. These results reveal an uncharacterized mechanism by which developmental regulators directly coordinate patterning and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara M Winter
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Pablo Szekely
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | | | - Raina Carter
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Jones
- Translational Imaging Center, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Translational Imaging Center, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thai V Truong
- Translational Imaging Center, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip N Benfey
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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30
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Rosentritt M, Schneider-Feyrer S, Kurzendorfer L. Comparison of surface roughness parameters R a/S a and R z/S z with different measuring devices. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106349. [PMID: 38169209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate the influence of the measuring devices (mechanical and optical) on the surface values Ra/Sa and Rz/Sz of different materials and machined surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mechanical (contact profilometry (CP): Perthometer S6P, Perthen Mahr, G) and optical (scanning electron microscope (SEM): Phenom, FEI, NL; confocal 3D laser scanning microscope (CLSM): VK-100, Keyence, J) measuring devices were used to determine the surface roughness Ra/Sa and Rz/Sz. Glass-ceramic (Empress, Ivoclar-Vivadent, FL), zirconia (Cercon HT, Dentsply, D), composite (Grandio, Voco, D), denture base material (Palapress, Kulzer, D) and titanium (grade 4) were investigated (n = 10 measurements) after surface finishing: sandblasting (Al2O3; 250 μm), diamond treatment (80 μm; wet), sandblasting (Al2O3; 50 μm), and polishing (grit of 4000; wet; Tegramin-25, Struers, D). STATISTICS Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Surface characteristics Ra/Sa and Rz/Sz, which were detected with mechanical and optical measuring devices on different materials and surface finishing, showed significant (p ≤ 0.001, ANOVA) differences. Significant (p ≤ 0.045, Bonferroni) differences between CP, SEM and CLSM (line; area) were found, mainly for Ra/Sa. DISCUSSION The surface roughness on different dental materials and differently machined surfaces were influenced by the individual mechanical and optical measuring devices. Optical methods measure a significantly higher roughness value for all materials and surface finishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rosentritt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sibylle Schneider-Feyrer
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura Kurzendorfer
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
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31
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Wing JTF, Hayashi MAL, Redissi AF, Vickerman MM, Tenuta LMA, Fenno JC, Rickard AH. Time-lapse confocal microscopy to study in vitro Streptococcus mutans surface colonization. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae012. [PMID: 38331426 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans relates to its ability to form biofilms on dental surfaces. The aim of this work was to develop a flowcell system compatible with time-lapse confocal microscopy to compare the adhesion and accumulation of S. mutans cells on surfaces in unsupplemented media against media containing sucrose or sucralose (a non-metabolized sweetener) over a short period of time. Fluorescent S. mutans 3209/pVMCherry was suspended in unsupplemented media or media supplemented with 1% sucrose or 1% sucralose and passed through a 3D-printed flowcell system. Flowcells were imaged over 60 minutes using a confocal microscope. Image analysis was performed, including a newly developed object-movement-based method to measure biomass adhesion. Streptococcus mutans 3209/pVMCherry grown in 1% sucrose-supplemented media formed small, dense, relatively immobile clumps in the flowcell system measured by biovolume, surface area, and median object centroid movement. Sucralose-supplemented and un-supplemented media yielded large, loose, mobile aggregates. Architectural metrics and per-object movement were significantly different (P < 0.05) when comparing sucrose-supplemented media to either unsupplemented or sucralose-supplemented media. These results demonstrate the utility of a flowcell system compatible with time-lapse confocal microscopy and image analysis when studying initial biofilm formation and adhesion under different nutritional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T F Wing
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Michael A L Hayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Aneesa F Redissi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - M Margaret Vickerman
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Livia M A Tenuta
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - J Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Alexander H Rickard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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32
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Scotto R, Forte P, Macrì A, Bonzano C, Traverso CE. In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Characterization of Candida parapsilosis Keratitis. Eye Contact Lens 2024; 50:112-115. [PMID: 38284908 PMCID: PMC10871614 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000001059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present clinical case concerns two patients with mycotic keratitis because of Candida parapsilosis in which corneal confocal microscopy presented a characteristic feature of this pathogen. Both described patients used a therapeutic contact lens and administered a therapy with steroid eye drops which are well known predisposing factors for the onset of corneal mycoses. This report can be useful for correctly identifying the pathologic condition and quickly directing the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Scotto
- Clinica Oculistica (R.S., P.F., C.B., C.E.T.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (P.F., A.M., C.B., C.E.T.), Genova, Italy
| | - P. Forte
- Clinica Oculistica (R.S., P.F., C.B., C.E.T.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (P.F., A.M., C.B., C.E.T.), Genova, Italy
| | - A. Macrì
- Clinica Oculistica (R.S., P.F., C.B., C.E.T.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (P.F., A.M., C.B., C.E.T.), Genova, Italy
| | - C. Bonzano
- Clinica Oculistica (R.S., P.F., C.B., C.E.T.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (P.F., A.M., C.B., C.E.T.), Genova, Italy
| | - C. E. Traverso
- Clinica Oculistica (R.S., P.F., C.B., C.E.T.), Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy; and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (P.F., A.M., C.B., C.E.T.), Genova, Italy
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Katz M, Mork H, Baghdasaryan N, Hesse L, Wille K, Treichel J, Motte J, Klimas R, Sturm D, Schellinger PD, Hettlich HJ, Philipps J. High-resolution nerve ultrasound and corneal confocal microscopy in taxane-induced polyneuropathy. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16141. [PMID: 37969021 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of high-resolution nerve ultrasound (HRUS) and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) in the early detection of taxane-induced polyneuropathy (TIPN) is unclear. The present prospective longitudinal controlled observational pilot study estimates the role of HRUS and CCM in the early diagnosis of TIPN in breast cancer patients. METHODS Fifteen breast cancer patients receiving paclitaxel and 15 healthy age matched controls were included. Visits before and 3 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months after treatment included clinical examination, the total neuropathy score, nerve conduction studies (NCS), monocular CCM including corneal nerve fibre length, density and branching and HRUS of bilateral median, ulnar, radial, tibial, peroneal and sural nerves. Patients were compared between different visits and to healthy controls. RESULTS Total neuropathy score increased from 2.2 at baseline to 5.8 (p < 0.001) at week 8. NCS showed a decreased sensory amplitude in the sural, radial, ulnar and median nerve after 6 months (p < 0.001). HRUS revealed a significant increase of cross-sectional area in the sural nerve (p = 0.004), the median nerve (p = 0.003) at the carpal tunnel and the ulnar nerve in the forearm (p = 0.006) after 6 months. CCM showed no changes at different visits. CONCLUSIONS Corneal confocal microscopy and HRUS do not detect early signs of TIPN during the paclitaxel treatment period. HRUS and NCS might detect congruent signs of an axonal, predominantly sensory polyneuropathy after 6 months. The clinical examination remains the most sensitive tool in the early detection of TIPN in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Katz
- Department of Neurology and Neurogeriatrics, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Hannah Mork
- Department of Neurology and Neurogeriatrics, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Nazik Baghdasaryan
- Clinic for Ophthalmology, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Lukas Hesse
- Clinic for Ophthalmology, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Kai Wille
- University Clinic for Haematology, Oncology, Haemostaseology and Palliative Care, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Jasmin Treichel
- Department of Neurology and Neurogeriatrics, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Jeremias Motte
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rafael Klimas
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dietrich Sturm
- Department of Neurology, Agaplesion Bethesda Krankenhaus, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Peter Dieter Schellinger
- Department of Neurology and Neurogeriatrics, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Hettlich
- Clinic for Ophthalmology, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - Jörg Philipps
- Department of Neurology and Neurogeriatrics, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, Minden, Germany
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Liu B, Shang X, Tan X, Luo S, Fang X, Xie Z, Xiao X, He H, Gong L, Wu H, Lin Z. Clinical and Morphological in Vivo Confocal Microscopy Findings following a Modified Biphasic Higher Fluence Transepithelial Corneal Crosslinking. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:119-130. [PMID: 37882774 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2276680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the refractive efficacy and morphological changes in the cornea following a novel biphasic higher fluence transepithelial corneal crosslinking (BI-TE-CXL) and transepithelial corneal crosslinking (TE-CXL) in adults keratoconus.Methods: Patients with progressive keratoconus who required corneal crosslinking were assigned to the BI-TE-CXL group (32 eyes, phase 1: 7.2 J/cm2 for 5 min and 20 s of pulsed-light exposure, KXL, Glaukos-Avedro; phase 2: 3.6 J/cm2 for 6 min and 40 s of continuous light exposure at the front curvature apex with a 6 mm diameter light spot, UVX-2000, IROC) or the TE-CXL group (32 eyes, uniform 7.2 J/cm2 for 5 min and 20 s of pulsed-light exposure, KXL, Glaukos-Avedro). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), corneal topography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM) were performed 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery.Results: The CFS scores in the BI-TE-CXL group were significantly higher than those in the TE-CXL group on the first two days after surgery (p < 0.001). The Kmax (at 12 and 24 months) and CDVA (logMAR) were significantly lower in the BI-TE-CXL group than those in the TE-CXL group (p < 0.05). The corneal demarcation line under AS-OCT was visible in 81.3% of patients in the BI-TE-CXL group and 15.6% in the TE-CXL group. The depth of the demarcation line under IVCM was significantly deeper in the BI-TE-CXL group (248.3 ± 25.0 μm) than that of the TE-CXL group (136.5 ± 15.6 μm) in the central cornea (p < 0.001). The cross-linked collagen structures in the central cornea were still present after 12 months in the BI-TE-CXL group. No significant difference in sub-basal nerve density between the two groups (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Following BI-TE-CXL, CDVA was significantly improved, accompanied by deeper demarcation line depth and persistent crosslinked structures in the central corneal stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases (affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of, Xiamen University), Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xumin Shang
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases (affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of, Xiamen University), Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuxian Tan
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases (affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of, Xiamen University), Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shunrong Luo
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases (affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of, Xiamen University), Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xie Fang
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases (affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of, Xiamen University), Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiwen Xie
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases (affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of, Xiamen University), Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xianwen Xiao
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases (affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of, Xiamen University), Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huan He
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases (affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of, Xiamen University), Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Research Center for Eye Diseases and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and, Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huping Wu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases (affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of, Xiamen University), Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhirong Lin
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases (affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of, Xiamen University), Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Ocular Surface & Corneal Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Research Center for Eye Diseases and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Eyisoylu H, Hazekamp ED, Cruts J, Koenderink GH, de Maat MPM. Flow affects the structural and mechanical properties of the fibrin network in plasma clots. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2024; 35:8. [PMID: 38285167 PMCID: PMC10824866 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-024-06775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The fibrin network is one of the main components of thrombi. Altered fibrin network properties are known to influence the development and progression of thrombotic disorders, at least partly through effects on the mechanical stability of fibrin. Most studies investigating the role of fibrin in thrombus properties prepare clots under static conditions, missing the influence of blood flow which is present in vivo. In this study, plasma clots in the presence and absence of flow were prepared inside a Chandler loop. Recitrated plasma from healthy donors were spun at 0 and 30 RPM. The clot structure was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy and correlated with the stiffness measured by unconfined compression testing. We quantified fibrin fiber density, pore size, and fiber thickness and bulk stiffness at low and high strain values. Clots formed under flow had thinner fibrin fibers, smaller pores, and a denser fibrin network with higher stiffness values compared to clots formed in absence of flow. Our findings indicate that fluid flow is an essential factor to consider when developing physiologically relevant in vitro thrombus models used in researching thrombectomy outcomes or risk of embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Eyisoylu
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Emma D Hazekamp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Cruts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsje H Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Moniek P M de Maat
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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36
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Zhao H, Jiang Z, Ju Y, Lu J. High-selective two-site fluorescent probe for Cys/SO 2 detection and cell imaging. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 305:123494. [PMID: 37813089 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent probe has been designed using cyanine phenothiazine and 7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD) for selective detection of Cys-SO2 components. The probe utilizes the NBD structure to achieve specificity towards Cys and employs a reaction mechanism between the double bond of cyanine and phenothiazine with SO32- to achieve selectivity towards SO2. Importantly, the NBPI phenothiazine structure incorporates a large C-O bond energy attached to NBD, effectively eliminating interference from Hcy and ensuring highly selective response to Cys. The optimized design of the probe enables excellent linearity and extremely low detection limits for Cys-SO2 components in vitro experiments. The probe NBPI allows separate detection of Cys-SO2 in the presence of both components. Furthermore, the probe NBPI demonstrated successful imaging of endogenous and exogenous Cys and SO2 in cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Ju
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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37
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Zhang SH, Gao ZR, Zhou YH, Tan L, Feng Y, Ye Q, Zhao J, Zhao YQ, Hu J, Chen Y, Liu Q, Aimee DM, Guo Y, Feng YZ. Comparison of Easydo Activator, ultrasonic and needle irrigation techniques on sealer penetration and smear layer removal in vitro. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:56. [PMID: 38195412 PMCID: PMC10775461 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of Easydo Activator (EA), a new sonic irrigation system, on sealer penetration at the root apex were compared to needle irrigation (NI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in this study. Forty-two single-rooted teeth were prepared and randomly divided into three groups (n = 14): group 1: NI; group 2: PUI; and group 3: EA. A solution of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was used for irrigation. Nine teeth in each group were filled with AH Plus sealer mixed with CY5 fluorescent dye and a single gutta-percha cone. The sealer penetration area, maximum penetration depth and percentage of sealer penetration at 5 mm and 1 mm from the apex were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The remaining 5 teeth in each group were subjected to test smear layer scores by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CLSM evaluation showed that increases in the area, depth and percentage of sealer penetration were detected at 1 and 5 mm from the root apex in the PUI group compared with the NI group, and greater increases were observed in the EA group (P < 0.05). The SEM experiment showed that the lowest scores for the smear layer and debris removal were achieved by the EA group when compared with the PUI and NI groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, EA was superior to PUI and NI regarding sealer penetration at the root apex during endodontic treatment, and it could provide a new technical idea for clinical root canal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hui Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Gao
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Li Tan
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Dusenge Marie Aimee
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Digital Oral and Maxillofacial Defect Repair, Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Humaran Cozar D, Pérez-Anker J, Fernández Ruiz P, Castellà Fernández E, Pérez Roca L, Blay Aulina L, Pascual Miguel I, Puig Sardà S, Malvehy Guilera J, Julián Ibáñez JF. Ex-vivo fusion confocal microscopy for margin assessment in breast cancer surgery. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znad394. [PMID: 37992254 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Humaran Cozar
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Morphological Sciences of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Fernández Ruiz
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Pérez Roca
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Blay Aulina
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iciar Pascual Miguel
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig Sardà
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Sutton KM, Watts MR, Athavale DD, Lewis N, Petsoglou C, Hudson BJ, Fernando SL. Case Report: The Use of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy for Diagnosis and Monitoring in a Rare Case of Ancaliia algerae Microsporidial Keratitis in New South Wales, Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:87-89. [PMID: 37983904 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the successful management of Ancaliia Algerae microsporidial keratitis in an immunosuppressed 54-year-old woman with refractory linear IgA disease. The case highlights the challenges in diagnosis and management of this infection in immunocompromised individuals and emphasizes the usefulness of in vivo confocal microscopy as a novel, noninvasive tool to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of microsporidial keratitis. We also discuss the possible mode of acquisition of this rare infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Sutton
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew R Watts
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Public Health, Westmead, Australia
- Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research-New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel D Athavale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Noni Lewis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Constantinos Petsoglou
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bernard J Hudson
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Suran L Fernando
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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40
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Zekri MA, Lang I. Automated Segmentation and 3D Reconstruction of Different Membranes from Confocal Z-Stacks. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2772:353-370. [PMID: 38411828 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3710-4_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is an advanced microscopy technique based on fluorescence technology which produces sharp images of a specimen in a single focal plane. The optical sectioning by CLSM allows to have z-stacks which can be further processed into 3D reconstructions. These then provide the option of variable perspectives and additional precise data evaluation on structural and anatomical alterations. Here, we used CLSM to image the thylakoids of cyanobacteria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in moss protonemata as an example. Then, out of the confocal z-stacks, we create 3D constructions of the membranes and their alterations to present a holistic, structural view from different angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alsadat Zekri
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ingeborg Lang
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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41
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Curro-Tafili K, Verbraak FD, de Vries R, van Nispen RMA, Ghyczy EAE. Diagnosing and monitoring the characteristics of Acanthamoeba keratitis using slit scanning and laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:131-152. [PMID: 37916883 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a serious and potentially blinding ocular infection caused by the free-living amoeba, Acanthamoeba. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a non-invasive device which has been proven of great use to diagnose Acanthamoeba infections immediately. The aim of this review was to establish different patterns and signs of AK that appear on the IVCM both before and after treatment. METHODS A systematic review of the literature from 1974 until September 2021 was performed using Embase and PubMed, following The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Twenty different signs of AK were observed using IVCM. The included studies used vastly different criteria to diagnose infections, ranging from just 1 to 13 of the signs, demonstrating the current lack of a standardised diagnosis of this infection using the IVCM. The appearance of double wall cysts, trophozoites, signet rings, target signs and clusters were shown to be pathognomonic to AK infections. Bright spots located in the corneal epithelium were demonstrated as non-reliable predictors of AK. The presence of cysts in clusters and single file can predict the need for corneal transplantation. The morphological changes in cysts using the IVCM following treatment were described as breaking down to hollow forms and occasionally surrounded by black cavities. Using this information, a visual guideline for identifying AK signs in diagnosis and follow-up using IVCM was created. CONCLUSION Increased awareness of the different signs and patterns of AK that appear on the IVCM is crucial in order to correctly identify an infection and increase the potential of this device. Our guidelines presented here can be used, but further studies are needed in order to determine the relationship and aetiology of these signs and cellular changes on the IVCM both before and after anti-amoeba treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Curro-Tafili
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F D Verbraak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R de Vries
- Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R M A van Nispen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E A E Ghyczy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Alluri H, Peddaboina CS, Tharakan B. Evaluation of Tight Junction Integrity in Brain Endothelial Cells Using Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:257-262. [PMID: 37776464 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly complex and dynamic microvascular barrier that protects the brain parenchyma from the entry of pathogens, toxins, and other macromolecules and is a critical structure that helps to maintain brain homeostasis. The BBB is formed mainly by brain capillary endothelial cells and perivascular astrocytes and pericytes. One of the primary properties of the BBB is a tight regulation of paracellular permeability due to the presence of tight junctional complexes (also, adherens and gap junctions) between the neighboring microvascular endothelial cells. Alterations in the assembly of the tight junctions impair BBB properties, particularly influenced barrier integrity and permeability. The tight junctions of the BBB are mainly composed of proteins including claudins, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Zonula occludens-1 binds to the actin cytoskeleton, and its localization provides valuable information on the status of BBB integrity and permeability. Immunofluorescence localization of ZO-1 and/or other tight junction proteins is a reliable indicator of barrier integrity and permeability in microvascular endothelial cells. In microvascular endothelial cells, f-actin stress fiber formation significantly influences the rate and size of the inter-endothelial cell gap that form as cells retract from their borders. Rhodamine phalloidin is a popular conjugate used as a fluorescent label for f-actin. Herein, we describe the procedures for ZO-1 immunofluorescence and f-actin labeling followed by confocal microscopic imaging to determine barrier integrity and tight junction organization in brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Binu Tharakan
- Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Nikolaev VV, Kistenev YV, Kröger M, Zuhayri H, Darvin ME. Review of optical methods for noninvasive imaging of skin fibroblasts-From in vitro to ex vivo and in vivo visualization. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300223. [PMID: 38018868 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are among the most common cell types in the stroma responsible for creating and maintaining the structural organization of the extracellular matrix in the dermis, skin regeneration, and a range of immune responses. Until now, the processes of fibroblast adaptation and functioning in a varying environment have not been fully understood. Modern laser microscopes are capable of studying fibroblasts in vitro and ex vivo. One-photon- and two-photon-excited fluorescence microscopy, Raman spectroscopy/microspectroscopy are well-suited noninvasive optical methods for fibroblast imaging in vitro and ex vivo. In vivo staining-free fibroblast imaging is not still implemented. The exception is fibroblast imaging in tattooed skin. Although in vivo noninvasive staining-free imaging of fibroblasts in the skin has not yet been implemented, it is expected in the future. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art in fibroblast visualization using optical methods and discusses the advantages, limitations, and prospects for future noninvasive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V Nikolaev
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yury V Kistenev
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marius Kröger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hala Zuhayri
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Berlin, Germany
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Zou Y, Zhu X, Xia R. Concordance between reflectance confocal microscopy and histopathology for the diagnosis of acral lentiginous melanoma. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13570. [PMID: 38200620 PMCID: PMC10781889 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a highly malignant and invasive type of melanoma with unique locations of onset. Its incidence is increasing and early diagnosis is challenging. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive technique that provides an accurate image of tissue pathology. There are few reports on the use of RCM for the assessment of ALM. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, data from 31 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ALM were collected. RCM image features were compared with histopathological findings to determine the concordance between the two methods. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of RCM for the diagnosis of ALM were evaluated. RESULTS RCM and histopathology findings were concordant in 29 of 31 patients (93.5%). There were no false-negative results, although there were two false positives in RCM diagnosis. The sensitivity of RCM for diagnosing ALM was 100%, specificity was 50%, positive predictive value was 93.1%, and negative predictive value was 100%. CONCLUSIONS RCM showed substantial concordance with histopathology in the diagnosis of ALM. It is a reliable and valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool that holds promise for the early diagnosis of ALM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmin Zou
- Department of DermatologyWuxi No.2 People's HospitalWuxiJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of DermatologyWuxi No.2 People's HospitalWuxiJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Rushan Xia
- Department of DermatologyWuxi No.2 People's HospitalWuxiJiangsu ProvinceChina
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Yoshihara T. [Imaging of In Vivo Oxygen Tension Based on Phosphorescence Lifetime Microscopy]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2024; 144:275-283. [PMID: 38432937 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen plays essential roles in aerobic organisms as a terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain in mitochondria. The intracellular oxygen concentration of the entire body is strictly regulated by a balance between the supply of oxygen from blood vessels and the consumption of oxygen in mitochondria. The disruption of oxygen homeostasis in the body often results in serious pathologies such as cancer, cerebral infarction, and chronic kidney disease, and thus considerable effort has been devoted to the development of suitable techniques allowing the qualitative and quantitative detection of tissue oxygen levels. This review focuses on recent advances in the visualization of oxygen levels in tissue based on phosphorescence lifetime measurements using exogenously small molecular oxygen probes. Specially, I introduce the principle of oxygen sensing by means of phosphorescence quenching, recent advances in intracellular and intravascular oxygen probes based on iridium(III) complexes, a system for measuring phosphorescence lifetime combined with confocal scanning microscopy, and the applications of these technologies to in vivo oxygen measurements, emphasizing the usefulness of iridium(III) complexes as biological oxygen probes.
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Kirschner GK. Because size matters: measuring chloroplast volumes by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Plant J 2024; 117:330-331. [PMID: 38285017 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
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Dika E, Scotti B, Alessandrini A, Veronesi G. Lentigo maligna (LM) of the auricular concha: Confocal microscopy and dermoscopy. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13557. [PMID: 38186059 PMCID: PMC10772466 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Dika
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero ‐ Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Dermatology, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Biagio Scotti
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero ‐ Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Dermatology, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Aurora Alessandrini
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero ‐ Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Dermatology, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero ‐ Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Dermatology, Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of BolognaBolognaItaly
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Lucaciu SA, Leighton SE, Laird DW. Spatial and Temporal Localization of Connexins in Cells Using Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2801:57-74. [PMID: 38578413 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3842-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The 21-member connexin family found in humans is the building block of both single-membrane spanning channels (hemichannels) and double-membrane spanning intercellular channels. These large-pore channels are dynamic and typically have a short life span of only a few hours. Imaging connexins from the time of synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum through to their degradation can be challenging given their distinct assembly states and transient residences in many subcellular compartments. Here, we describe how connexins can be effectively imaged on a confocal microscope in living cells when tagged with fluorescent proteins and when immunolabeled with high affinity anti-connexin antibodies in fixed cells. Temporal and spatial localization of multiple connexins and disease-linked connexin mutants at the subcellular level extensively informs on the mechanisms governing connexin regulation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu A Lucaciu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Leighton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Fouad SA, Khatab ST, Teaima MH, El-Nabarawi MA, Abdelmonem R. Nanosized ethosomal dispersions for enhanced transdermal delivery of nebivolol using intradermal/transfollicular sustained reservoir: in vitro evaluation, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:40-51. [PMID: 38078863 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2294278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Nebivolol (NBV), a BCS class II anti-hypertensive drug, suffers from limited solubility and oral bioavailability. Nanosized ethosomes were adopted as an approach to solubilize and deliver NBV transdermally, as a substitute to oral route. Ethosomal dispersions were prepared employing thin film hydration method. Formulation variables were adjusted to obtain entrapment efficiency; EE > 50%, particle size; PS < 100 nm, zeta potential; ZP > ±25 mV, and polydispersity index; PDI < 0.5. The optimized ethosomal dispersion (OED) showed accepted EE 86.46 ± 0.15%, PS 73.50 ± 0.08 nm, ZP 33.75 ± 1.20 mV, and PDI 0.31 ± 0.07. It also showed enhanced cumulative amount of NBV permeated at 8 h (Q8) 71.26 ± 1.46% and 24 h (Q24) 98.18 ± 1.02%. TEM images denoted spherical vesicles with light colored lipid bi-layer and dark core. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed deeply localized intradermal and transfollicular permeation of the fluorolabelled OED (FL-OED). Nanosized FL-OED (<100 nm) can permeate through hair follicles creating a drug reservoir for enhanced systemic absorption. OED formulated into transdermal patch (OED-TP1) exhibited accepted physicochemical properties including; thickness 0.14 ± 0.01 mm, folding endurance 151 ± 0.07, surface pH 5.80 ± 0.15, drug content 98.64 ± 2.01%, mucoadhesion 8534 ± 0.03, Q8 87.61 ± 0.11%, and Q24 99.22 ± 0.24%. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed significantly enhanced bioavailability of OED-TP1 by 7.9 folds compared to oral Nevilob® tablets (p = 0.0002). It could be concluded that OED-TP1 can be a promising lipid nanocarrier TDDS for NBV and an efficacious alternative route of administration for hypertensive patients suffering from dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinaze A Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara T Khatab
- The General Authority for Health Insurance, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Abdelmonem
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
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Tonellotto L, Seremet T, Vernez M, Guenova E, Kuonen F. Fast, bedside diagnosis of toxic epidermal necrolysis using ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy: A retrospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:182-185. [PMID: 37593888 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe life-threatening drug eruption with rapid evolution. A fast histologic differentiation between TEN and clinically similarly looking staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is of vital importance for relevant treatment decision. The recently developed ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) offers innovative and extremely fast histological visualization of fresh tissue specimens. OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic efficacy of ex vivo CLSM in comparison with standard histopathology for TEN. METHODS We performed side-by-side comparison of TEN specimens analysed with ex vivo CLSM and haematoxylin and eosin staining. Analysis focused on typical histopathological features of TEN, including epidermal cleavage in the basal layer and confluent epidermal necrosis. We retrospectively assessed the diagnostic performance of ex vivo CLSM for TEN in clinically confirmed cases. RESULTS We report substantial agreement between ex vivo CLSM and classical histology for the detection of subepidermal cleavage and confluent epidermal necrosis. When considering full-thickness epidermal loss, epidermal cleavage in the basal layer showed the highest diagnostic performance, reaching 87.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSION Based on our data, ex vivo CSLM appears as a rapid, resource-optimizing, and reliable approach for morphological TEN emergency screening on fresh skin samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tonellotto
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Seremet
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Vernez
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Guenova
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital 12 de octubre, Medical school, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Kuonen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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