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Serrão MKM, Costa MGF, Fujimoto LBM, Ogusku MM, Costa Filho CFF. Automatic bright-field smear microscopy for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Comput Biol Med 2024; 172:108167. [PMID: 38461699 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, many studies have been published on the use of automatic smear microscopy for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Most of them deal with a preliminary step of the diagnosis, the bacilli detection, whereas sputum smear microscopy for diagnosis of pulmonary TB comprises detecting and reporting the number of bacilli found in at least 100 microscopic fields, according to the 5 grading scales (negative, scanty, 1+, 2+ and 3+) endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Pulmonary TB diagnosis in bright-field smear microscopy, however, depends upon the attention of a trained and motivated technician, while the automated TB diagnosis requires little or no interpretation by a technician. As far as we know, this work proposes the first automatic method for pulmonary TB diagnosis in bright-field smear microscopy, according to the WHO recommendations. The proposed method comprises a semantic segmentation step, using a deep neural network, followed by a filtering step aiming to reduce the number of false positives (false bacilli): color and shape filtering. In semantic segmentation, different configurations of encoders are evaluated, using depth-wise separable convolution layers and channel attention mechanism. The proposed method was evaluated with a large, robust, and annotated image dataset designed for this purpose, consisting of 250 testing sets, 50 sets for each of the 5 TB diagnostic classes. The following performance metrics were obtained for automatic pulmonary TB diagnosis by smear microscopy: mean precision of 0.894, mean recall of 0.896, and mean F1-score of 0.895.
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Chvalova V, Vomastek T, Grousl T. Comparison of holotomographic microscopy and coherence-controlled holographic microscopy. J Microsc 2024; 294:5-13. [PMID: 38196346 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a powerful tool for label-free visualisation of living cells. Here, we compare two QPI microscopes - the Telight Q-Phase microscope and the Nanolive 3D Cell Explorer-fluo microscope. Both systems provide unbiased information about cell morphology, such as individual cell dry mass, perimeter and area. The Q-Phase microscope uses artefact-free, coherence-controlled holographic imaging technology to visualise cells in real time with minimal phototoxicity. The 3D Cell Explorer-fluo employs laser-based holotomography to reconstruct 3D images of living cells, visualising their internal structures and dynamics. Here, we analysed the strengths and limitations of both microscopes when examining two morphologically distinct cell lines - the cuboidal epithelial MDCK cells which form multicellular clusters and solitary growing Rat2 fibroblasts. We focus mainly on the ability of the devices to generate images suitable for single-cell segmentation by the built-in software, and we discuss the segmentation results and quantitative data generated from the segmented images. We show that both microscopes offer slightly different advantages, and the choice between them depends on the specific requirements and goals of the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Chvalova
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vomastek
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Grousl
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Lopez-Del Rio A, Pacios-Michelena A, Picart-Armada S, Garidel P, Nikels F, Kube S. Sub-Visible Particle Classification and Label Consistency Analysis for Flow-Imaging Microscopy Via Machine Learning Methods. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:880-890. [PMID: 37924976 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Sub-visible particles can be a quality concern in pharmaceutical products, especially parenteral preparations. To quantify and characterize these particles, liquid samples may be passed through a flow-imaging microscopy instrument that also generates images of each detected particle. Machine learning techniques have increasingly been applied to this kind of data to detect changes in experimental conditions or classify specific types of particles, primarily focusing on silicone oil. That technique generally requires manual labeling of particle images by subject matter experts, a time-consuming and complex task. In this study, we created artificial datasets of silicone oil, protein particles, and glass particles that mimicked complex datasets of particles found in biopharmaceutical products. We used unsupervised learning techniques to effectively describe particle composition by sample. We then trained independent one-class classifiers to detect specific particle populations: silicone oil and glass particles. We also studied the consistency of the particle labels used to evaluate these models. Our results show that one-class classifiers are a reasonable choice for handling heterogeneous flow-imaging microscopy data and that unsupervised learning can aid in the labeling process. However, we found agreement among experts to be rather low, especially for smaller particles (< 8 µm for our Micro-Flow Imaging data). Given the fact that particle label confidence is not usually reported in the literature, we recommend more careful assessment of this topic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lopez-Del Rio
- Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Federal Republic of Germany.
| | - Anabel Pacios-Michelena
- Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Sergio Picart-Armada
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Felix Nikels
- Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Sebastian Kube
- Pharmaceutical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Federal Republic of Germany.
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4
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Azam AS, Tsang YW, Thirlwall J, Kimani PK, Sah S, Gopalakrishnan K, Boyd C, Loughrey MB, Kelly PJ, Boyle DP, Salto-Tellez M, Clark D, Ellis IO, Ilyas M, Rakha E, Bickers A, Roberts ISD, Soares MF, Neil DAH, Takyi A, Raveendran S, Hero E, Evans H, Osman R, Fatima K, Hughes RW, McIntosh SA, Moran GW, Ortiz-Fernandez-Sordo J, Rajpoot NM, Storey B, Ahmed I, Dunn JA, Hiller L, Snead DRJ. Digital pathology for reporting histopathology samples, including cancer screening samples - definitive evidence from a multisite study. Histopathology 2024; 84:847-862. [PMID: 38233108 DOI: 10.1111/his.15129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To conduct a definitive multicentre comparison of digital pathology (DP) with light microscopy (LM) for reporting histopathology slides including breast and bowel cancer screening samples. METHODS A total of 2024 cases (608 breast, 607 GI, 609 skin, 200 renal) were studied, including 207 breast and 250 bowel cancer screening samples. Cases were examined by four pathologists (16 study pathologists across the four speciality groups), using both LM and DP, with the order randomly assigned and 6 weeks between viewings. Reports were compared for clinical management concordance (CMC), meaning identical diagnoses plus differences which do not affect patient management. Percentage CMCs were computed using logistic regression models with crossed random-effects terms for case and pathologist. The obtained percentage CMCs were referenced to 98.3% calculated from previous studies. RESULTS For all cases LM versus DP comparisons showed the CMC rates were 99.95% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 99.90-99.97] and 98.96 (95% CI = 98.42-99.32) for cancer screening samples. In speciality groups CMC for LM versus DP showed: breast 99.40% (99.06-99.62) overall and 96.27% (94.63-97.43) for cancer screening samples; [gastrointestinal (GI) = 99.96% (99.89-99.99)] overall and 99.93% (99.68-99.98) for bowel cancer screening samples; skin 99.99% (99.92-100.0); renal 99.99% (99.57-100.0). Analysis of clinically significant differences revealed discrepancies in areas where interobserver variability is known to be high, in reads performed with both modalities and without apparent trends to either. CONCLUSIONS Comparing LM and DP CMC, overall rates exceed the reference 98.3%, providing compelling evidence that pathologists provide equivalent results for both routine and cancer screening samples irrespective of the modality used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha S Azam
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Yee-Wah Tsang
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Peter K Kimani
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Shatrughan Sah
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Clinton Boyd
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Paul J Kelly
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - David Clark
- Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad Rakha
- Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Adam Bickers
- Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust, Scunthorpe, UK
| | - Ian S D Roberts
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria F Soares
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Abi Takyi
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Emily Hero
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Harriet Evans
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rania Osman
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Khunsha Fatima
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rhian W Hughes
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | | | - Nasir M Rajpoot
- Computer Science Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ben Storey
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Janet A Dunn
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Louise Hiller
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - David R J Snead
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Computer Science Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Oyibo P, Agbana T, van Lieshout L, Oyibo W, Diehl JC, Vdovine G. An automated slide scanning system for membrane filter imaging in diagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis. J Microsc 2024; 294:52-61. [PMID: 38291833 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, automated slide scanning involves capturing a rectangular grid of field-of-view (FoV) images which can be stitched together to create whole slide images, while the autofocusing algorithm captures a focal stack of images to determine the best in-focus image. However, these methods can be time-consuming due to the need for X-, Y- and Z-axis movements of the digital microscope while capturing multiple FoV images. In this paper, we propose a solution to minimise these redundancies by presenting an optimal procedure for automated slide scanning of circular membrane filters on a glass slide. We achieve this by following an optimal path in the sample plane, ensuring that only FoVs overlapping the filter membrane are captured. To capture the best in-focus FoV image, we utilise a hill-climbing approach that tracks the peak of the mean of Gaussian gradient of the captured FoVs images along the Z-axis. We implemented this procedure to optimise the efficiency of the Schistoscope, an automated digital microscope developed to diagnose urogenital schistosomiasis by imaging Schistosoma haematobium eggs on 13 or 25 mm membrane filters. Our improved method reduces the automated slide scanning time by 63.18% and 72.52% for the respective filter sizes. This advancement greatly supports the practicality of the Schistoscope in large-scale schistosomiasis monitoring and evaluation programs in endemic regions. This will save time, resources and also accelerate generation of data that is critical in achieving the targets for schistosomiasis elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper Oyibo
- Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tope Agbana
- Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette van Lieshout
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wellington Oyibo
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research for Malaria & Neglected Tropical Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Jan-Carel Diehl
- Department of Sustainable Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gleb Vdovine
- Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Zhu X, Huang Q, Jiang L, Nguyen VT, Vu T, Devlin G, Shaima J, Wang X, Chen Y, Ma L, Xiang K, Wang E, Rong Q, Zhou Q, Kang Y, Asokan A, Feng L, Hsu SWD, Shen X, Yao J. Longitudinal intravital imaging of mouse placenta. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk1278. [PMID: 38507481 PMCID: PMC10954206 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Studying placental functions is crucial for understanding pregnancy complications. However, imaging placenta is challenging due to its depth, volume, and motion distortions. In this study, we have developed an implantable placenta window in mice that enables high-resolution photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging of placental development throughout the pregnancy. The placenta window exhibits excellent transparency for light and sound. By combining the placenta window with ultrafast functional photoacoustic microscopy, we were able to investigate the placental development during the entire mouse pregnancy, providing unprecedented spatiotemporal details. Consequently, we examined the acute responses of the placenta to alcohol consumption and cardiac arrest, as well as chronic abnormalities in an inflammation model. We have also observed viral gene delivery at the single-cell level and chemical diffusion through the placenta by using fluorescence imaging. Our results demonstrate that intravital imaging through the placenta window can be a powerful tool for studying placenta functions and understanding the placental origins of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Laiming Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Van-Tu Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tri Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Garth Devlin
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jabbar Shaima
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiangzhou Rong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Liping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shiao-Wen D. Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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7
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Greaves GE, Allison L, Machado P, Morfill C, Fleck RA, Porter AE, Phillips CC. Infrared nanoimaging of neuronal ultrastructure and nanoparticle interaction with cells. Nanoscale 2024; 16:6190-6198. [PMID: 38445876 PMCID: PMC10956966 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04948e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Here we introduce scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) as a novel tool for nanoscale chemical-imaging of sub-cellular organelles, nanomaterials and of the interactions between them. Our setup uses a tuneable mid-infrared laser and a sharp scanning probe to image at a resolution substantially surpassing the diffraction limit. The laser can be tuned to excite vibrational modes of functional groups in biomolecules, (e.g. amide moieties), in a way that enables direct chemical mapping without the need for labelling. We, for the first time, chemically image neuronal ultrastructure, identify neuronal organelles and sub-organelle structures as small as 10 nm and validate our findings using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We produce chemical and morphological maps of neurons treated with gold nanospheres and characterize nanoparticle size and intracellular location, and their interaction with the plasma membrane. Our results show that the label-free nature of s-SNOM means it has a 'true' chemical resolution of up to 20 nm which can be further improved. We argue that it offers significant potential in nanomedicine for nanoscale chemical imaging of cell ultrastructure and the subcellular distribution of nanomaterials within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Greaves
- Experimental Solid State Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, SW7 2BW, UK.
| | - Leanne Allison
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Pedro Machado
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Corinne Morfill
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Kings College London, SE1 1YR, UK
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Chris C Phillips
- Experimental Solid State Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, SW7 2BW, UK.
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Tabata K, Kawagoe H, Taylor JN, Mochizuki K, Kubo T, Clement JE, Kumamoto Y, Harada Y, Nakamura A, Fujita K, Komatsuzaki T. On-the-fly Raman microscopy guaranteeing the accuracy of discrimination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304866121. [PMID: 38483992 PMCID: PMC10962959 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304866121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Accelerating the measurement for discrimination of samples, such as classification of cell phenotype, is crucial when faced with significant time and cost constraints. Spontaneous Raman microscopy offers label-free, rich chemical information but suffers from long acquisition time due to extremely small scattering cross-sections. One possible approach to accelerate the measurement is by measuring necessary parts with a suitable number of illumination points. However, how to design these points during measurement remains a challenge. To address this, we developed an imaging technique based on a reinforcement learning in machine learning (ML). This ML approach adaptively feeds back "optimal" illumination pattern during the measurement to detect the existence of specific characteristics of interest, allowing faster measurements while guaranteeing discrimination accuracy. Using a set of Raman images of human follicular thyroid and follicular thyroid carcinoma cells, we showed that our technique requires 3,333 to 31,683 times smaller number of illuminations for discriminating the phenotypes than raster scanning. To quantitatively evaluate the number of illuminations depending on the requisite discrimination accuracy, we prepared a set of polymer bead mixture samples to model anomalous and normal tissues. We then applied a home-built programmable-illumination microscope equipped with our algorithm, and confirmed that the system can discriminate the sample conditions with 104 to 4,350 times smaller number of illuminations compared to standard point illumination Raman microscopy. The proposed algorithm can be applied to other types of microscopy that can control measurement condition on the fly, offering an approach for the acceleration of accurate measurements in various applications including medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tabata
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001–0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001–0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawagoe
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita565–0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - J. Nicholas Taylor
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001–0020, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto602–8566, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kubo
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita565–0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Clement
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001–0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kumamoto
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita565–0871, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita565–0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto602–8566, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuyoshi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060–0814, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita565–0871, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita565–0871, Osaka, Japan
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Osaka University, Suita565–0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamiki Komatsuzaki
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001–0020, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo001–0021, Hokkaido, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita565–0871, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Materials Chemistry, and Engineering Course, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060–0812, Hokkaido, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki567-0047, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Bjornson KJ, Cahill ME. Assessing protein distribution and dendritic spine morphology relationships using structured illumination microscopy in cultured neurons. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102829. [PMID: 38236769 PMCID: PMC10827590 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are protrusions on dendrites forming the postsynaptic aspect of excitatory connections within the brain. Spine morphology is associated with synaptic functional strength and the spatial regulation of protein nanodomains within dendritic spines is an important determinant of spine structure and function. Here, we present a protocol to resolve the nanoscale localization of proteins within dendritic spines using structured illumination microscopy. We describe steps for the structural analysis of dendritic spine parameters, protein localization analysis, and data processing. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Bjornson et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Bjornson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Michael E Cahill
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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10
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Park WY, Yun J, Shin J, Oh BH, Yoon G, Hong SM, Kim KH. Open-top Bessel beam two-photon light sheet microscopy for three-dimensional pathology. eLife 2024; 12:RP92614. [PMID: 38488831 PMCID: PMC10942781 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Nondestructive pathology based on three-dimensional (3D) optical microscopy holds promise as a complement to traditional destructive hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slide-based pathology by providing cellular information in high throughput manner. However, conventional techniques provided superficial information only due to shallow imaging depths. Herein, we developed open-top two-photon light sheet microscopy (OT-TP-LSM) for intraoperative 3D pathology. An extended depth of field two-photon excitation light sheet was generated by scanning a nondiffractive Bessel beam, and selective planar imaging was conducted with cameras at 400 frames/s max during the lateral translation of tissue specimens. Intrinsic second harmonic generation was collected for additional extracellular matrix (ECM) visualization. OT-TP-LSM was tested in various human cancer specimens including skin, pancreas, and prostate. High imaging depths were achieved owing to long excitation wavelengths and long wavelength fluorophores. 3D visualization of both cells and ECM enhanced the ability of cancer detection. Furthermore, an unsupervised deep learning network was employed for the style transfer of OT-TP-LSM images to virtual H&E images. The virtual H&E images exhibited comparable histological characteristics to real ones. OT-TP-LSM may have the potential for histopathological examination in surgical and biopsy applications by rapidly providing 3D information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Yeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Jieun Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Gilsuk Yoon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
- Medical Science and Engineering Program, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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11
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Koziol-Bohatkiewicz P, Liberda-Matyja D, Wrobel TP. Fast cancer imaging in pancreatic biopsies using infrared imaging. Analyst 2024; 149:1799-1806. [PMID: 38385553 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, particularly Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, remains a highly lethal form of cancer with limited early diagnosis and treatment options. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, combined with machine learning, has demonstrated great potential in detecting various cancers. This study explores the translation of a diagnostic model from Fourier Transform Infrared to Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) microscopy for pancreatic cancer classification. Furthermore, QCL microscopy offers faster measurements with selected frequencies, improving clinical feasibility. Thus, the goals of the study include establishing a QCL-based model for pancreatic cancer classification and creating a fast surgical margin detection model using reduced spectral information. The research involves preprocessing QCL data, training Random Forest (RF) classifiers, and optimizing the selection of spectral features for the models. Results demonstrate successful translation of the diagnostic model to QCL microscopy, achieving high predictive power (AUC = 98%) in detecting cancerous tissues. Moreover, a model for rapid surgical margin recognition, based on only a few spectral frequencies, is developed with promising differentiation between benign and cancerous regions. The findings highlight the potential of QCL microscopy for efficient pancreatic cancer diagnosis and surgical margin detection within clinical timeframes of minutes per surgical resection tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Koziol-Bohatkiewicz
- Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392, Krakow, Poland.
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Danuta Liberda-Matyja
- Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392, Krakow, Poland.
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Prof. St. Łojasiewicza 11, PL30348, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Wrobel
- Solaris National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392, Krakow, Poland.
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12
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Daly S, Ferreira Fernandes J, Bruggeman E, Handa A, Peters R, Benaissa S, Zhang B, Beckwith JS, Sanders EW, Sims RR, Klenerman D, Davis SJ, O'Holleran K, Lee SF. High-density volumetric super-resolution microscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1940. [PMID: 38431671 PMCID: PMC10908787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Volumetric super-resolution microscopy typically encodes the 3D position of single-molecule fluorescence into a 2D image by changing the shape of the point spread function (PSF) as a function of depth. However, the resulting large and complex PSF spatial footprints reduce biological throughput and applicability by requiring lower labeling densities to avoid overlapping fluorescent signals. We quantitatively compare the density dependence of single-molecule light field microscopy (SMLFM) to other 3D PSFs (astigmatism, double helix and tetrapod) showing that SMLFM enables an order-of-magnitude speed improvement compared to the double helix PSF by resolving overlapping emitters through parallax. We demonstrate this optical robustness experimentally with high accuracy ( > 99.2 ± 0.1%, 0.1 locs μm-2) and sensitivity ( > 86.6 ± 0.9%, 0.1 locs μm-2) through whole-cell (scan-free) imaging and tracking of single membrane proteins in live primary B cells. We also exemplify high-density volumetric imaging (0.15 locs μm-2) in dense cytosolic tubulin datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Daly
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - João Ferreira Fernandes
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ezra Bruggeman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Anoushka Handa
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ruby Peters
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EL, UK
| | - Sarah Benaissa
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Boya Zhang
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Joseph S Beckwith
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Edward W Sanders
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ruth R Sims
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - David Klenerman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Simon J Davis
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kevin O'Holleran
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Steven F Lee
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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Wang P, Wu S, Zhang X, Qin B, Feng G. Moving grating-based laser heterodyne digital holographic microscopy system for measuring dynamic phase of living cell attachment. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300355. [PMID: 38010123 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We propose a laser heterodyne digital holography microscopy system based on a moving grating, which uses the Doppler principle between a moving grating and beam to achieve a low-frequency bias between the diffracted beams, abandoning traditional heterodyne digital holography that requires multiple acousto-optic modulators. The dynamic phase distribution obtained using the laser heterodyne digital holography phase-reconstruction algorithm was more realistic and analyzable than the results of the angular spectrum algorithm. The structure and algorithm were used to capture the shape characteristics of mouse fibroblasts after ~2 h of incubation (37°C, 5% CO2), and the dynamic phase distribution of the cells was monitored in real-time during the attachment process. The system proposed in this study, with its high spatial resolution and high-precision phase measurement capability, is suitable for both static and live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Institute of Laser & Micro/Nano Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shizhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Laser & Micro/Nano Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Boquan Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoying Feng
- Institute of Laser & Micro/Nano Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Gu S, Zhuang J, Wang T, Hu S, Song W, Liao X. The target region focused imaging method for scanning ion conductance microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2024; 257:113910. [PMID: 38091869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has developed rapidly and has wide applications in biomedicine, single-cell science and other fields. SICM scanning speed is limited by the conventional raster-type scanning method, which spends most of time on imaging the substrate and does not focus enough on the target area. In order to solve this problem, a target region focused (TRF) method is proposed, which can effectively avoid the scanning of unnecessary substrate areas and enables SICM to image the target area only to achieve high-speed and effective local scanning. TRF method and conventional hopping mode scanning method are compared in the experiments using breast cancer cells and rat basophilic leukemia cells as experimental materials. It was demonstrated that our method can reduce the scanning time for a single sample image significantly without losing scanning information or compromising the quality of imaging. The TRF method developed in this paper can provide an efficient and fast scanning strategy for improving the imaging performance of SICM systems, which can be applied to the dynamic features of cell samples in the fields of biology and pharmacology analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Tianying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Shiting Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Weilun Song
- Shaanxi Province Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgery Engineering Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710061, PR China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China.
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15
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Anjum F, Kaushik K, Salam A, Yadav A, Nandi CK. Super-Resolution Microscopy Unveils Synergistic Structural Changes of Organelles Upon Point Mutation. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300399. [PMID: 38053236 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), is a widely used chemical mutagen that causes high-frequency germline null mutation by inserting an alkyl group into the nucleotide guanine in eukaryotic cells. The effect of EMS on the dynamics of the aneuploid genome, increased cellular instability, and carcinogenicity in relation to benign and malignant tumors are reported, but the molecular level understanding of morphological changes of higher-order chromatin structure has poorly been understood. This is due to a lack of sufficient resolution in conventional microscopic techniques to see small structures below the diffraction limit. Here, using super-resolution radial fluctuation, a largely fragmented, decompaction, and less dense heterochromatin structure upon EMS treatment to HEK 293A cells without any change in nuclear DNA domains is observed. This result suggests an early stage of carcinogenicity happened due to the point mutation. In addition, the distinct structural changes with an elongated morphology of lysosomes are also observed. On the other hand, fragmented and increased heterogeneous populations with an increased cytoplasmic occupancy of mitochondria are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Anjum
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Kush Kaushik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Abdul Salam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Aditya Yadav
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Chayan Kanti Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
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16
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Wang J, Chatterjee A, Zigan C, Alborn M, Chan DD, Chortos A. Pneumatic Non-Equibiaxial Cell Stretching Device With Live-Cell Imaging. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:820-830. [PMID: 37747858 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3319013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adherent cell behavior is influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including chemical and mechanical signals. In vitro experiments that mimic the mechanical environment experienced by cells in vivo are crucial for understanding cellular behavior and the progression of disease. In this study, we developed and validated a low-cost pneumatically-controlled cell stretcher with independent control of strain in two directions of a membrane, enabling unequal biaxial stretching and real-time microscopy during actuation. METHODS The stretching was achieved by two independent pneumatic channels controlled by electrical signals. We used finite element simulations to compute the membrane's strain field and particle tracking algorithms based on image processing techniques to validate the strain fields and measure the cell orientation and morphology. RESULTS The device can supply uniaxial, equibiaxial, and unequal biaxial stretching up to [Formula: see text] strain in each direction at a frequency of [Formula: see text], with a strain measurement error of less than 1%. Through live cell imaging, we determined that distinct stretching patterns elicited differing responses and alterations in cell orientation and morphology, particularly in terms of cell length and area. CONCLUSION The device successfully provides a large, uniform, and variable strain field for cell experiments, while also enabling real-time, live cell imaging. SIGNIFICANCE This scalable, low-cost platform provides mechanical stimulation to cell cultures by independently controlling strains in two directions. This could contribute to a deeper understanding of cellular response to bio-realistic strains and could be useful for future in vitro drug testing platforms.
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17
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Vidal-Villegas B, Burgos-Blasco B, Fernandez-Vega P, Arriola-Villalobos P, Gegundez-Fernandez JA, Borrego-Sanz L, Benitez-Del-Castillo JS, Ariño-Gutierrez M. Corneal endothelial validation in the eye bank: differences in automated methods and repeatability. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:104022. [PMID: 37951743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate reproducibility of endothelial cell density (ECD) measurements using the Konan Cell Check D in donor corneas by two different ophthalmologists and to compare the two automated cell count methods (center and flex-center) available in the software of this specular microscope. METHODS ECD values were quantified in 54 donor corneas by two independent investigators using the Cell Check D (Konan Medical USA Inc) with both automated cell count methods. In the center method, at least 30 contiguous cells are marked. For the flex-center method, an area is delineated and only the cells within the designated area are counted. RESULTS The mean ECD was 2473.81±378.22 cells/mm2. Good ECD intergrader reproducibility for the center (ICC=0.821) and the flex-center method (ICC=0.784) were noted. Poor reliability was observed for coefficient of variation and hexagonality (ICC≤0.265). When both methods for ECD analysis were compared, a moderate correlation for the two independent graders using the two manual (center and flex-center) methods was detected (correlation coefficient of 0.678 and 0.745 for each of the investigators). Comparison between methods yielded significantly higher ECD with the flex-center method (P=0.013). When corneas were divided by ECD, those under 2200 cells/mm2 and those between 2200 and 2700 cells/mm2 also had significantly higher ECD with the flex-center method (P<0.022). CONCLUSIONS ECD values are reproducible with both methods, although the flex-center method ECDs tend to be higher, particularly in cases of low ECD. Eye banks and surgeons should exercise caution in making decisions based only on small differences in ECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vidal-Villegas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - B Burgos-Blasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Fernandez-Vega
- Tissue Bank, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Transplant Coordination, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Arriola-Villalobos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Gegundez-Fernandez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Borrego-Sanz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J S Benitez-Del-Castillo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ariño-Gutierrez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Tissue Bank, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Aimakov N, Min E, Ban S, Lee S, Bae JK, You JS, Jung W. Implementation of a portable diffraction phase microscope for digital histopathology. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300496. [PMID: 38358045 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has a significant advantage in histopathology as it helps in differentiating biological tissue structures and cells without the need for staining. To make this capability more accessible, it is crucial to develop compact and portable systems. In this study, we introduce a portable diffraction phase microscopy (DPM) system that allows the acquisition of phase map images from various organs in mice using a low-NA objective lens. Our findings indicate that the cell and tissue structures observed in portable DPM images are similar to those seen in conventional histology microscope images. We confirmed that the developed system's performance is comparable to the benchtop DPM system. Additionally, we investigate the potential utility of digital histopathology by applying deep learning technology to create virtual staining of DPM images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbolat Aimakov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Min
- Korea Photonics Technology Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbea Ban
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kweon Bae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon S You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Incipian LLC, Laguna Niguel, California, USA
| | - Woonggyu Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Chang KW, Karthikesh MS, Zhu Y, Hudson HM, Barbay S, Bundy D, Guggenmos DJ, Frost S, Nudo RJ, Wang X, Yang X. Photoacoustic imaging of squirrel monkey cortical responses induced by peripheral mechanical stimulation. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300347. [PMID: 38171947 PMCID: PMC10961203 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are crucial models for studies of neuronal activity. Emerging photoacoustic imaging modalities offer excellent tools for studying NHP brains with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. In this research, a photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) device was used to provide a label-free quantitative characterization of cerebral hemodynamic changes due to peripheral mechanical stimulation. A 5 × 5 mm area within the somatosensory cortex region of an adult squirrel monkey was imaged. A deep, fully connected neural network was characterized and applied to the PAM images of the cortex to enhance the vessel structures after mechanical stimulation on the forelimb digits. The quality of the PAM images was improved significantly with a neural network while preserving the hemodynamic responses. The functional responses to the mechanical stimulation were characterized based on the improved PAM images. This study demonstrates capability of PAM combined with machine learning for functional imaging of the NHP brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | | | - Yunhao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Heather M. Hudson
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
| | - Scott Barbay
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
| | - David Bundy
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
| | - David J. Guggenmos
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
| | - Shawn Frost
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
| | - Randolph J. Nudo
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Bioengineering Graduate Program and Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, United States
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Pozzi P, Balan V, Candeo A, Brix A, Pistocchi AS, D’Andrea C, Valentini G, Bassi A. Full-aperture extended-depth oblique plane microscopy through dynamic remote focusing. J Biomed Opt 2024; 29:036502. [PMID: 38515831 PMCID: PMC10956707 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.3.036502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Significance The reprojection setup typical of oblique plane microscopy (OPM) limits the effective aperture of the imaging system, and therefore its efficiency and resolution. Large aperture system is only possible through the use of custom specialized optics. A full-aperture OPM made with off the shelf components would both improve the performance of the method and encourage its widespread adoption. Aim To prove the feasibility of an OPM without a conventional reprojection setup, retaining the full aperture of the primary objective employed. Approach A deformable lens based remote focusing setup synchronized with the rolling shutter of a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor detector is used instead of a traditional reprojection system. Results The system was tested on microbeads, prepared slides, and zebrafish embryos. Resolution and pixel throughput were superior to conventional OPM with cropped apertures, and comparable with OPM implementations with custom made optical components. Conclusions An easily reproducible approach to OPM imaging is presented, eliminating the conventional reprojection setup and exploiting the full aperture of the employed objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pozzi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Vipin Balan
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Candeo
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Brix
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Silvia Pistocchi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Milano, Italy
| | - Cosimo D’Andrea
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bassi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
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21
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Borowsky AD, Levenson RM, Gown AM, Morningstar T, Fleury TA, Henderson G, Schaberg K, Sybenga AB, Glassy EF, Taylor SL, Fereidouni F. A Pilot Validation Study Comparing Fluorescence-Imitating Brightfield Imaging, A Slide-Free Imaging Method, With Standard Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Hematoxylin-Eosin-Stained Tissue Section Histology for Primary Surgical Pathology Diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:345-352. [PMID: 37226827 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0432-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Digital pathology using whole slide images has been recently approved to support primary diagnosis in clinical surgical pathology practices. Here we describe a novel imaging method, fluorescence-imitating brightfield imaging, that can capture the surface of fresh tissue without requiring prior fixation, paraffin embedding, tissue sectioning, or staining. OBJECTIVE.— To compare the ability of pathologists to evaluate direct-to-digital images with standard pathology preparations. DESIGN.— One hundred surgical pathology samples were obtained. Samples were first digitally imaged, then processed for standard histologic examination on 4-μm hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections and digitally scanned. The resulting digital images from both digital and standard scan sets were viewed by each of 4 reading pathologists. The data set consisted of 100 reference diagnoses and 800 study pathologist reads. Each study read was compared to the reference diagnosis, and also compared to that reader's diagnosis across both modalities. RESULTS.— The overall agreement rate, across 800 reads, was 97.9%. This consisted of 400 digital reads at 97.0% versus reference and 400 standard reads versus reference at 98.8%. Minor discordances (defined as alternative diagnoses without clinical treatment or outcome implications) were 6.1% overall, 7.2% for digital, and 5.0% for standard. CONCLUSIONS.— Pathologists can provide accurate diagnoses from fluorescence-imitating brightfield imaging slide-free images. Concordance and discordance rates are similar to published rates for comparisons of whole slide imaging to standard light microscopy of glass slides for primary diagnosis. It may be possible, therefore, to develop a slide-free, nondestructive approach for primary pathology diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Borowsky
- From the Departments of Pathology (Borowsky, Levenson, Morningstar, Schaberg, Fereidouni)
| | - Richard M Levenson
- From the Departments of Pathology (Borowsky, Levenson, Morningstar, Schaberg, Fereidouni)
| | - Allen M Gown
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (Gown)
| | - Taryn Morningstar
- From the Departments of Pathology (Borowsky, Levenson, Morningstar, Schaberg, Fereidouni)
| | - Thomas A Fleury
- Johns Hopkins Medicine-Sibley Memorial Hospital, Washington, DC (Fleury)
| | | | - Kurt Schaberg
- From the Departments of Pathology (Borowsky, Levenson, Morningstar, Schaberg, Fereidouni)
| | - Amelia B Sybenga
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington (Sybenga)
| | - Eric F Glassy
- The Affiliated Pathologists Medical Group Inc, Rancho Dominguez, California (Glassy)
| | - Sandra L Taylor
- Biostatistics (Taylor), University of California Davis Health, Sacramento
| | - Farzad Fereidouni
- From the Departments of Pathology (Borowsky, Levenson, Morningstar, Schaberg, Fereidouni)
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22
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Mitchell B, Mu E, Currey L, Whitehead D, Walters S, Thor S, Kasherman M, Piper M. A protocol for high-resolution episcopic microscopy and 3D volumetric analyses of the adult mouse brain. Neurosci Lett 2024; 824:137675. [PMID: 38355003 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The rapid evolution of different imaging modalities in the last two decades has enabled the investigation of the role of different genes in development and disease to be studied in a range of model organisms. However, selection of the appropriate imaging technique depends on a number of constraints, including cost, time, image resolution, size of the sample, computational complexity and processing power. Here, we use the adult mouse central nervous system to investigate whether High-Resolution Episcopic Microscopy (HREM) can provide an effective means to study the volume of individual subregions within the brain. We find that HREM can provide precise volume quantification of different structures within the mouse brain, albeit with limitations regarding the time involved for analysis and the necessity of some estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mitchell
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Erica Mu
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Laura Currey
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Darryl Whitehead
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shaun Walters
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stefan Thor
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Maria Kasherman
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Division of Research, Lowy Cancer Research Center C25, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Piper
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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23
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Yuan T, Riobo L, Gasparin F, Ntziachristos V, Pleitez MA. Phase-shifting optothermal microscopy enables live-cell mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging of large cell populations at high confluency. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj7944. [PMID: 38381817 PMCID: PMC10881023 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Rapid live-cell hyperspectral imaging at large fields of view (FOVs) and high cell confluency remains challenging for conventional vibrational spectroscopy-based microscopy technologies. At the same time, imaging at high cell confluency and large FOVs is important for proper cell function and statistical significance of measurements, respectively. Here, we introduce phase-shifting mid-infrared optothermal microscopy (PSOM), which interprets molecular-vibrational information as the optical path difference induced by mid-infrared absorption and can take snapshot vibrational images over broad excitation areas at high live-cell confluency. By means of phase-shifting, PSOM suppresses noise to a quarter of current optothermal microscopy modalities to allow capturing live-cell vibrational images at FOVs up to 50 times larger than state of the art. PSOM also reduces illumination power flux density (PFD) down to four orders of magnitude lower than other conventional vibrational microscopy methods, such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), thus considerably decreasing the risk of cell photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucas Riobo
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Gasparin
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering (MIBE), Technical University of Munich, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Miguel A. Pleitez
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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24
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Li T, Gong X, Guo H, Xi L. Photoacoustic expansion microscopy of melanosomes. Opt Lett 2024; 49:798-801. [PMID: 38359185 DOI: 10.1364/ol.509831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is a hybrid imaging method for visualizing organelles due to the high spatial resolution and abundant optical contrast. Usually, OR-PAM employs high numerical aperture (NA) objectives and high-frequency ultrasonic detectors to resolve three-dimensional (3D) microstructures of cells. Expansion microscopy (ExM) provides a nanoscale resolution by isotropically enlarging cells instead of utilizing ultrahigh NA objectives. In this Letter, we report the development of photoacoustic expansion microscopy (PA-ExM) that combines the advantages of OR-PAM and ExM for 3D organelle imaging using near-infrared light. We evaluate the performance of PA-ExM using label-free melanoma cells, where the image quality of melanosome distributions in expanded cells using a 40× objective is comparable to that of unexpanded cells using an oil-immersed 100× objective. The results suggest that PA-ExM possesses the great potential to study organelles.
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25
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Xu F, Wu Z, Tan C, Liao Y, Wang Z, Chen K, Pan A. Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy 10 Years on: A Review. Cells 2024; 13:324. [PMID: 38391937 PMCID: PMC10887115 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) emerged as a prominent imaging technique in 2013, attracting significant interest due to its remarkable features such as precise phase retrieval, expansive field of view (FOV), and superior resolution. Over the past decade, FPM has become an essential tool in microscopy, with applications in metrology, scientific research, biomedicine, and inspection. This achievement arises from its ability to effectively address the persistent challenge of achieving a trade-off between FOV and resolution in imaging systems. It has a wide range of applications, including label-free imaging, drug screening, and digital pathology. In this comprehensive review, we present a concise overview of the fundamental principles of FPM and compare it with similar imaging techniques. In addition, we present a study on achieving colorization of restored photographs and enhancing the speed of FPM. Subsequently, we showcase several FPM applications utilizing the previously described technologies, with a specific focus on digital pathology, drug screening, and three-dimensional imaging. We thoroughly examine the benefits and challenges associated with integrating deep learning and FPM. To summarize, we express our own viewpoints on the technological progress of FPM and explore prospective avenues for its future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fannuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China; (F.X.); (Z.W.); (C.T.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (K.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zipei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China; (F.X.); (Z.W.); (C.T.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (K.C.)
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China; (F.X.); (Z.W.); (C.T.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (K.C.)
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yizheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China; (F.X.); (Z.W.); (C.T.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (K.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China; (F.X.); (Z.W.); (C.T.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (K.C.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Keru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China; (F.X.); (Z.W.); (C.T.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (K.C.)
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - An Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China; (F.X.); (Z.W.); (C.T.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (K.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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26
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Bourquin C, Porée J, Rauby B, Perrot V, Ghigo N, Belgharbi H, Bélanger S, Ramos-Palacios G, Cortes N, Ladret H, Ikan L, Casanova C, Lesage F, Provost J. Quantitative pulsatility measurements using 3D dynamic ultrasound localization microscopy. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:045017. [PMID: 38181421 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad1b68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
A rise in blood flow velocity variations (i.e. pulsatility) in the brain, caused by the stiffening of upstream arteries, is associated with cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. The study of this phenomenon requires brain-wide pulsatility measurements, with large penetration depth and high spatiotemporal resolution. The development of dynamic ultrasound localization microscopy (DULM), based on ULM, has enabled pulsatility measurements in the rodent brain in 2D. However, 2D imaging accesses only one slice of the brain and measures only 2D-projected and hence biased velocities . Herein, we present 3D DULM: using a single ultrasound scanner at high frame rate (1000-2000 Hz), this method can produce dynamic maps of microbubbles flowing in the bloodstream and extract quantitative pulsatility measurements in the cat brain with craniotomy and in the mouse brain through the skull, showing a wide range of flow hemodynamics in both large and small vessels. We highlighted a decrease in pulsatility along the vascular tree in the cat brain, which could be mapped with ultrasound down to a few tens of micrometers for the first time. We also performed an intra-animal validation of the method by showing consistent measurements between the two sides of the Willis circle in the mouse brain. Our study provides the first step towards a new biomarker that would allow the detection of dynamic abnormalities in microvessels in the brain, which could be linked to early signs of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Bourquin
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Porée
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Brice Rauby
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Vincent Perrot
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nin Ghigo
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Hatim Belgharbi
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | | | | | - Nelson Cortes
- School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada
| | - Hugo Ladret
- School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13005, France
| | - Lamyae Ikan
- School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada
| | - Christian Casanova
- School of Optometry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Jean Provost
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
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27
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Pirone D, Bianco V, Miccio L, Memmolo P, Psaltis D, Ferraro P. Beyond fluorescence: advances in computational label-free full specificity in 3D quantitative phase microscopy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103054. [PMID: 38142647 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable progresses in quantitative phase imaging (QPI) microscopes, their wide acceptance is limited due to the lack of specificity compared with the well-established fluorescence microscopy. In fact, the absence of fluorescent tag prevents to identify subcellular structures in single cells, making challenging the interpretation of label-free 2D and 3D phase-contrast data. Great effort has been made by many groups worldwide to address and overcome such limitation. Different computational methods have been proposed and many more are currently under investigation to achieve label-free microscopic imaging at single-cell level to recognize and quantify different subcellular compartments. This route promises to bridge the gap between QPI and FM for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pirone
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lisa Miccio
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Demetri Psaltis
- EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Optics Laboratory, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
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28
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Shi Y, Tabet JS, Milkie DE, Daugird TA, Yang CQ, Ritter AT, Giovannucci A, Legant WR. Smart lattice light-sheet microscopy for imaging rare and complex cellular events. Nat Methods 2024; 21:301-310. [PMID: 38167656 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Light-sheet microscopes enable rapid high-resolution imaging of biological specimens; however, biological processes span spatiotemporal scales. Moreover, long-term phenotypes are often instigated by rare or fleeting biological events that are difficult to capture with a single imaging modality. Here, to overcome this limitation, we present smartLLSM, a microscope that incorporates artificial intelligence-based instrument control to autonomously switch between epifluorescent inverted imaging and lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM). We apply this approach to two unique processes: cell division and immune synapse formation. In each context, smartLLSM provides population-level statistics across thousands of cells and autonomously captures multicolor three-dimensional datasets or four-dimensional time-lapse movies of rare events at rates that dramatically exceed human capabilities. From this, we quantify the effects of Taxol dose on spindle structure and kinetochore dynamics in dividing cells and of antigen strength on cytotoxic T lymphocyte engagement and lytic granule polarization at the immune synapse. Overall, smartLLSM efficiently detects rare events within heterogeneous cell populations and records these processes with high spatiotemporal four-dimensional imaging over statistically significant replicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jimmy S Tabet
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel E Milkie
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Timothy A Daugird
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chelsea Q Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Andrea Giovannucci
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Wesley R Legant
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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29
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Gogoberidze N, Cimini BA. Defining the boundaries: challenges and advances in identifying cells in microscopy images. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103055. [PMID: 38142646 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Segmentation, or the outlining of objects within images, is a critical step in the measurement and analysis of cells within microscopy images. While improvements continue to be made in tools that rely on classical methods for segmentation, deep learning-based tools increasingly dominate advances in the technology. Specialist models such as Cellpose continue to improve in accuracy and user-friendliness, and segmentation challenges such as the Multi-Modality Cell Segmentation Challenge continue to push innovation in accuracy across widely varying test data as well as efficiency and usability. Increased attention on documentation, sharing, and evaluation standards is leading to increased user-friendliness and acceleration toward the goal of a truly universal method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth A Cimini
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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30
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Suhail K, Brindha D. Microscopic urinary particle detection by different YOLOv5 models with evolutionary genetic algorithm based hyperparameter optimization. Comput Biol Med 2024; 169:107895. [PMID: 38183704 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis of kidney disease often involves analysing urine sediment particles. Traditionally, urinalysis was performed manually by collecting urine samples and using a centrifuge, which was prone to manual errors and relied on labour-intensive processes. Automated urine sediment microscopy, based on machine learning models, requires segmentation and feature extraction, which can hinder model performance due to intrinsic characteristics of microscopic images. Deep learning models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) often rely on a large number of manually annotated data, making the system computationally complex. This study propose an advanced deep learning model based on YOLOv5, which offers faster performance and requires comparatively less data. The proposed model used five variants of the YOLOv5 model (YOLOv5n, YOLOv5s, YOLOv5m, YOLOv5l, and YOLOv5x) to detect six categories of urine particles (erythrocyte, leukocyte, crystals, cast, mycete, epithelial cells) from microscopic urine sediment images. The dataset involved 5376 images of urine sediments with 6 particles. There are 30 sets of hyperparamreteres are employed in the YOLOv5 model. To optimize the hyperparameters and fine-tune with the urine sediment dataset and for training each model, the system employed a genetic algorithm (GA) based on evolutionary principles named as Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm (EGA). Among the six categories of detected particles mycete achieved maximum performance with a mAP of 97.6 % and crystals achieved minimum performance with a mAP of 81.7 % with YOLOv5x model compared to other particles. To optimize the hyperparameters for training each model, the system employed a genetic algorithm (GA) based on evolutionary principles named as Evolutionary Genetic Algorithm (EGA). Among all the models, YOLOv5l and YOLOv5x performed the best. YOLOv5l achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 85.8 % while YOLOv5x achieved a mAP of 85.4 % at an IoU threshold of 0.5. The detection speed per image was 23.4 ms for YOLOv5l and 28.4 ms for YOLOv5x. The proposed method developed a faster and better automated microscopic model using advanced deep learning techniques to detect urinary particles from microscopic urine sediment images for kidney disease identification. The method demonstrated strong performance in urinalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suhail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641004, India.
| | - D Brindha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641004, India.
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31
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Mylonakis M, Tserevelakis GJ, Vlachos G, Fanouraki E, Pavlopoulos A, Pavlidis M, Zacharakis G. Bimodal optical and optoacoustic multiview microscope in the frequency-domain. Opt Lett 2024; 49:462-465. [PMID: 38300031 DOI: 10.1364/ol.510384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid fluorescence and optoacoustic microscopy systems have recently emerged as powerful imaging modalities concurrently capturing both radiative and non-radiative molecular relaxations in biological tissues. Nevertheless, such approaches provide limited information as specimens are imaged exclusively from one side, not permitting the acquisition of their full anatomical, structural, or functional features in multiple views of interest. Herein we present a bimodal optical and optoacoustic multiview (BOOM) cost-efficient microscope operating in the frequency-domain for the comprehensive label-free imaging of established and emerging model organisms. Thus, the capabilities of BOOM microscopy have been proven suitable for highly demanding observations in developmental biology and embryology.
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Xing P, Poree J, Rauby B, Malescot A, Martineau E, Perrot V, Rungta RL, Provost J. Phase Aberration Correction for In Vivo Ultrasound Localization Microscopy Using a Spatiotemporal Complex-Valued Neural Network. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2024; 43:662-673. [PMID: 37721883 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2023.3316995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (ULM) can map microvessels at a resolution of a few micrometers ( [Formula: see text]). Transcranial ULM remains challenging in presence of aberrations caused by the skull, which lead to localization errors. Herein, we propose a deep learning approach based on recently introduced complex-valued convolutional neural networks (CV-CNNs) to retrieve the aberration function, which can then be used to form enhanced images using standard delay-and-sum beamforming. CV-CNNs were selected as they can apply time delays through multiplication with in-phase quadrature input data. Predicting the aberration function rather than corrected images also confers enhanced explainability to the network. In addition, 3D spatiotemporal convolutions were used for the network to leverage entire microbubble tracks. For training and validation, we used an anatomically and hemodynamically realistic mouse brain microvascular network model to simulate the flow of microbubbles in presence of aberration. The proposed CV-CNN performance was compared to the coherence-based method by using microbubble tracks. We then confirmed the capability of the proposed network to generalize to transcranial in vivo data in the mouse brain (n=3). Vascular reconstructions using a locally predicted aberration function included additional and sharper vessels. The CV-CNN was more robust than the coherence-based method and could perform aberration correction in a 6-month-old mouse. After correction, we measured a resolution of [Formula: see text] for younger mice, representing an improvement of 25.8%, while the resolution was improved by 13.9% for the 6-month-old mouse. This work leads to different applications for complex-valued convolutions in biomedical imaging and strategies to perform transcranial ULM.
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Meulah B, Oyibo P, Hoekstra PT, Moure PAN, Maloum MN, Laclong-Lontchi RA, Honkpehedji YJ, Bengtson M, Hokke C, Corstjens PLAM, Agbana T, Diehl JC, Adegnika AA, van Lieshout L. Validation of artificial intelligence-based digital microscopy for automated detection of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine in Gabon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011967. [PMID: 38394298 PMCID: PMC10917302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schistosomiasis is a significant public health concern, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Conventional microscopy is the standard diagnostic method in resource-limited settings, but with limitations, such as the need for expert microscopists. An automated digital microscope with artificial intelligence (Schistoscope), offers a potential solution. This field study aimed to validate the diagnostic performance of the Schistoscope for detecting and quantifying Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine compared to conventional microscopy and to a composite reference standard (CRS) consisting of real-time PCR and the up-converting particle (UCP) lateral flow (LF) test for the detection of schistosome circulating anodic antigen (CAA). METHODS Based on a non-inferiority concept, the Schistoscope was evaluated in two parts: study A, consisting of 339 freshly collected urine samples and study B, consisting of 798 fresh urine samples that were also banked as slides for analysis with the Schistoscope. In both studies, the Schistoscope, conventional microscopy, real-time PCR and UCP-LF CAA were performed and samples with all the diagnostic test results were included in the analysis. All diagnostic procedures were performed in a laboratory located in a rural area of Gabon, endemic for S. haematobium. RESULTS In study A and B, the Schistoscope demonstrated a sensitivity of 83.1% and 96.3% compared to conventional microscopy, and 62.9% and 78.0% compared to the CRS. The sensitivity of conventional microscopy in study A and B compared to the CRS was 61.9% and 75.2%, respectively, comparable to the Schistoscope. The specificity of the Schistoscope in study A (78.8%) was significantly lower than that of conventional microscopy (96.4%) based on the CRS but comparable in study B (90.9% and 98.0%, respectively). CONCLUSION Overall, the performance of the Schistoscope was non-inferior to conventional microscopy with a comparable sensitivity, although the specificity varied. The Schistoscope shows promising diagnostic accuracy, particularly for samples with moderate to higher infection intensities as well as for banked sample slides, highlighting the potential for retrospective analysis in resource-limited settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04505046 ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Meulah
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre de Recherches Médicales des Lambaréné, CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Prosper Oyibo
- Mechanical, Maritime and Material Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pytsje T. Hoekstra
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Alvyn Nguema Moure
- Centre de Recherches Médicales des Lambaréné, CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Ecole doctorale régionale d’Afrique centrale en infectiologie tropicale de Franceville, Gabon
| | | | | | - Yabo Josiane Honkpehedji
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre de Recherches Médicales des Lambaréné, CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Fondation pour la Recherche Scientifique, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Michel Bengtson
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Hokke
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L. A. M. Corstjens
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Temitope Agbana
- Mechanical, Maritime and Material Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Carel Diehl
- Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre de Recherches Médicales des Lambaréné, CERMEL, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Ecole doctorale régionale d’Afrique centrale en infectiologie tropicale de Franceville, Gabon
- Fondation pour la Recherche Scientifique, Cotonou, Benin
- Institut fur Tropenmedizin, Universitat Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Lisette van Lieshout
- Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases (LUCID), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Haak A, Lesslich HM, Dietzel ID. Visualization of the membrane surface and cytoskeleton of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell growth cones using a combination of scanning ion conductance and four times expansion microscopy. Biol Chem 2024; 405:31-41. [PMID: 37950644 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Growth cones of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are challenging to investigate with conventional light microscopy due to their small size. Especially substructures such as filopodia, lamellipodia and their underlying cytoskeleton are difficult to resolve with diffraction limited microscopy. Light microscopy techniques, which surpass the diffraction limit such as stimulated emission depletion microscopy, often require expensive setups and specially trained personnel rendering them inaccessible to smaller research groups. Lately, the invention of expansion microscopy (ExM) has enabled super-resolution imaging with any light microscope without the need for additional equipment. Apart from the necessary resolution, investigating OPC growth cones comes with another challenge: Imaging the topography of membranes, especially label- and contact-free, is only possible with very few microscopy techniques one of them being scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM). We here present a new imaging workflow combining SICM and ExM, which enables the visualization of OPC growth cone nanostructures. We correlated SICM recordings and ExM images of OPC growth cones captured with a conventional widefield microscope. This enabled the visualization of the growth cones' membrane topography as well as their underlying actin and tubulin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Haak
- Nanoscopy, RUBION, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Heiko M Lesslich
- Nanoscopy, RUBION, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Irmgard D Dietzel
- Department of Biochemistry II, Electrobiochemistry of Neural Cells, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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Du M, Stitzinger SH, Spille JH, Cho WK, Lee C, Hijaz M, Quintana A, Cissé II. Direct observation of a condensate effect on super-enhancer controlled gene bursting. Cell 2024; 187:331-344.e17. [PMID: 38194964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Enhancers are distal DNA elements believed to loop and contact promoters to control gene expression. Recently, we found diffraction-sized transcriptional condensates at genes controlled by clusters of enhancers (super-enhancers). However, a direct function of endogenous condensates in controlling gene expression remains elusive. Here, we develop live-cell super-resolution and multi-color 3D-imaging approaches to investigate putative roles of endogenous condensates in the regulation of super-enhancer controlled gene Sox2. In contrast to enhancer distance, we find instead that the condensate's positional dynamics are a better predictor of gene expression. A basal gene bursting occurs when the condensate is far (>1 μm), but burst size and frequency are enhanced when the condensate moves in proximity (<1 μm). Perturbations of cohesin and local DNA elements do not prevent basal bursting but affect the condensate and its burst enhancement. We propose a three-way kissing model whereby the condensate interacts transiently with gene locus and regulatory DNA elements to control gene bursting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Du
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg 79108, Germany
| | - Simon Hendrik Stitzinger
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg 79108, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Spille
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg 79108, Germany
| | - Won-Ki Cho
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg 79108, Germany
| | - Choongman Lee
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg 79108, Germany
| | - Mohammed Hijaz
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg 79108, Germany
| | - Andrea Quintana
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg 79108, Germany
| | - Ibrahim I Cissé
- Department of Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg 79108, Germany.
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Lee C, Wallace DC, Burke PJ. Super-Resolution Imaging of Voltages in the Interior of Individual, Vital Mitochondria. ACS Nano 2024; 18:1345-1356. [PMID: 37289571 PMCID: PMC10795477 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present super-resolution microscopy of isolated functional mitochondria, enabling real-time studies of structure and function (voltages) in response to pharmacological manipulation. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential as a function of time and position can be imaged in different metabolic states (not possible in whole cells), created by the addition of substrates and inhibitors of the electron transport chain, enabled by the isolation of vital mitochondria. By careful analysis of structure dyes and voltage dyes (lipophilic cations), we demonstrate that most of the fluorescent signal seen from voltage dyes is due to membrane bound dyes, and develop a model for the membrane potential dependence of the fluorescence contrast for the case of super-resolution imaging, and how it relates to membrane potential. This permits direct analysis of mitochondrial structure and function (voltage) of isolated, individual mitochondria as well as submitochondrial structures in the functional, intact state, a major advance in super-resolution studies of living organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChiaHung Lee
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Center
for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Peter J. Burke
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biomedical
Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Rensonnet A, Tipping WJ, Malherbe C, Faulds K, Eppe G, Graham D. Spectral fingerprinting of cellular lipid droplets using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and chemometric analysis. Analyst 2024; 149:553-562. [PMID: 38088863 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01684f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a powerful method for direct visualisation and compositional analysis of cellular lipid droplets. Here we report the application of spectral phasor analysis as a convenient method for the segmentation of lipid droplets using the hyperspectral SRS spectrum in the high wavenumber and fingerprint region of the spectrum. Spectral phasor analysis was shown to discriminate six fatty acids based on vibrational spectroscopic features in solution. The methodology was then applied to studying fatty acid metabolism and storage in a mammalian cancer cell model and during drug-induced steatosis in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell model. The accumulation of fatty acids into cellular lipid droplets was shown to vary as a function of the degree of unsaturation, whilst in a model of drug-induced steatosis, the detection of increased saturated fatty acid esters was observed. Taking advantage of the fingerprint and high wavenumber regions of the SRS spectrum has yielded a greater insight into lipid droplet composition in a cellular context. This approach will find application in the label-free profiling of intracellular lipids in complex disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Rensonnet
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Cedric Malherbe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
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Chen W, Ziebell J, Arole V, Parkinson B, Yu L, Dai H, Frankel WL, Yearsley M, Esnakula A, Sun S, Gamble D, Vazzano J, Mishra M, Schoenfield L, Kneile J, Reuss S, Schumacher M, Satturwar S, Li Z, Parwani A, Lujan G. Comparing Accuracy of Helicobacter pylori Identification Using Traditional Hematoxylin and Eosin-Stained Glass Slides With Digital Whole Slide Imaging. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100262. [PMID: 37839639 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With advancements in the field of digital pathology, there has been a growing need to compare the diagnostic abilities of pathologists using digitized whole slide images against those when using traditional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained glass slides for primary diagnosis. One of the most common specimens received in pathology practices is an endoscopic gastric biopsy with a request to rule out Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The current standard of care is the identification of the organisms on H&E-stained slides. Immunohistochemical or histochemical stains are used selectively. However, due to their small size (2-4 μm in length by 0.5-1 μm in width), visualization of the organisms can present a diagnostic challenge. The goal of the study was to compare the ability of pathologists to identify H. pylori on H&E slides using a digital platform against the gold standard of H&E glass slides using routine light microscopy. Diagnostic accuracy rates using glass slides vs digital slides were 81% vs 72% (P = .0142) based on H&E slides alone. When H. pylori immunohistochemical slides were provided, the diagnostic accuracy was significantly improved to comparable rates (96% glass vs 99% digital, P = 0.2199). Furthermore, differences in practice settings (academic/subspecialized vs community/general) and the duration of sign-out experience did not significantly impact the accuracy of detecting H. pylori on digital slides. We concluded that digital whole slide images, although amenable in different practice settings and teaching environments, does present some shortcomings in accuracy and precision, especially in certain circumstances and thus is not yet fully capable of completely replacing glass slide review for identification of H. pylori. We specifically recommend reviewing glass slides and/or performing ancillary stains, especially when there is a discrepancy between the degree of inflammation and the presence of microorganisms on digital images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Ziebell
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Vidya Arole
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bryce Parkinson
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Harrison Dai
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Wendy L Frankel
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Martha Yearsley
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ashwini Esnakula
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shaoli Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Denise Gamble
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Vazzano
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Manisha Mishra
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lynn Schoenfield
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey Kneile
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sarah Reuss
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Melinda Schumacher
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Swati Satturwar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anil Parwani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Giovanni Lujan
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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Raju G, Nayak S, Acharya N, Sunder M, Kistenev Y, Mazumder N. Exploring the future of regenerative medicine: Unveiling the potential of optical microscopy for structural and functional imaging of stem cells. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300360. [PMID: 38168892 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, which utilizes stem cells for tissue and organ repair, holds immense promise in healthcare. A comprehensive understanding of stem cell characteristics is crucial to unlock their potential. This study explores the pivotal role of optical microscopy in advancing regenerative medicine as a potent tool for stem cell research. Advanced optical microscopy techniques enable an in-depth examination of stem cell behavior, morphology, and functionality. The review encompasses current optical microscopy, elucidating its capabilities and constraints in stem cell imaging, while also shedding light on emerging technologies for improved stem cell visualization. Optical microscopy, complemented by techniques like fluorescence and multiphoton imaging, enhances our comprehension of stem cell dynamics. The introduction of label-free imaging facilitates noninvasive, real-time stem cell monitoring without external dyes or markers. By pushing the boundaries of optical microscopy, researchers reveal the intricate cellular mechanisms underpinning regenerative processes, thereby advancing more effective therapeutic strategies. The current study not only outlines the future of regenerative medicine but also underscores the pivotal role of optical microscopy in both structural and functional stem cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan Raju
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Smitha Nayak
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Neha Acharya
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mridula Sunder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Yury Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Pan S, Zhang W, Guo Z, Wang Y, Yang S. Quantitative classification of melasma with photoacoustic microscopy: a pilot study. J Biomed Opt 2024; 29:S11504. [PMID: 37927370 PMCID: PMC10624224 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance The classification of melasma is critical for correct clinical diagnosis, treatment selection, and postoperative measures. However, preoperative quantitative determination of melasma type remains challenging using conventional Wood's lamp and optical dermoscopy techniques. Aim Using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) to simultaneously obtain the two diagnostic indicators of melanin and blood vessels for melasma classification and perform quantitative analysis to finally achieve accurate classification, rather than relying solely on physicians' experience. Approach First, the patients were classified by experienced dermatologists with Wood's lamp and optical dermoscopy. Next, the patients were examined in vivo using the PAM imaging system. Further, the horizontal section images (X - Y plane) of epidermal melanin and dermal vascular involvement were extracted from the 3D photoacoustic imaging results, which are important basis for PAM to quantitatively classify melasma. Results PAM can quantitatively reveal epidermal thickness and dermal vascular morphology in each case and obtain the quantitative diagnostic indicators of melanin and blood vessels. The mean vascular diameter in lesional skin (223.2 μ m ) of epidermal M+V-type was much larger than that in non-lesional skin (131.6 μ m ), and the mean vascular density in lesional skin was more than three times that in non-lesional skin. Importantly, vascular diameter and density are important parameters for distinguishing M type from M+V type. Conclusions PAM can obtain the data of epidermal thickness, pigment depth, subcutaneous vascular diameter, and vascular density, and realize the dual standard quantitative melasma classification by combining the parameters of melanin and blood vessels. In addition, PAM can provide new diagnostic information for uncertain melasma types and further refine the typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Wang
- South China Normal University, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou, China
- South China Normal University, College of Biophotonics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- South China Normal University, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou, China
- South China Normal University, College of Biophotonics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Pan
- South China Normal University, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou, China
- South China Normal University, College of Biophotonics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuyu Zhang
- South China Normal University, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou, China
- South China Normal University, College of Biophotonics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Photoacoustic Technology Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- South China Normal University, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou, China
- South China Normal University, College of Biophotonics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou, China
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Cho SW, Nguyen VT, DiSpirito A, Yang J, Kim CS, Yao J. Sounding out the dynamics: a concise review of high-speed photoacoustic microscopy. J Biomed Opt 2024; 29:S11521. [PMID: 38323297 PMCID: PMC10846286 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) offers advantages in high-resolution and high-contrast imaging of biomedical chromophores. The speed of imaging is critical for leveraging these benefits in both preclinical and clinical settings. Ongoing technological innovations have substantially boosted PAM's imaging speed, enabling real-time monitoring of dynamic biological processes. Aim This concise review synthesizes historical context and current advancements in high-speed PAM, with an emphasis on developments enabled by ultrafast lasers, scanning mechanisms, and advanced imaging processing methods. Approach We examine cutting-edge innovations across multiple facets of PAM, including light sources, scanning and detection systems, and computational techniques and explore their representative applications in biomedical research. Results This work delineates the challenges that persist in achieving optimal high-speed PAM performance and forecasts its prospective impact on biomedical imaging. Conclusions Recognizing the current limitations, breaking through the drawbacks, and adopting the optimal combination of each technology will lead to the realization of ultimate high-speed PAM for both fundamental research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Woo Cho
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Pusan National University, Engineering Research Center for Color-Modulated Extra-Sensory Perception Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Tu Nguyen
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Anthony DiSpirito
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Joseph Yang
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Chang-Seok Kim
- Pusan National University, Engineering Research Center for Color-Modulated Extra-Sensory Perception Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junjie Yao
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
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Cubillos P, Diaz E, Báez P, Gutiérrez L, Molina C, Härtel S. E-learning module for cytopathology education based on virtual microscopy. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2024; 13:42-52. [PMID: 37993377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In cytopathology education, Virtual Microscopy e-learning modules (VM-eLM) have achieved remarkable results in the improvement and personalization of learning. However, it remains to be determined whether these modules can significantly contribute to improving the accuracy of cytological diagnosis. The aim of this work was to create a VM-eLM for gynecologic cytopathology education designed to improve screening and interpretation skills in two groups of cytologists: experienced and nonexperienced. MATERIALS AND METHODS The module was designed in Moodle with both Whole Slide Images and Static Images taken from Papanicolaou smears that were diagnosed as: negative for intraepithelial lesion, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, squamous cell carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma. We assessed the effectiveness of the module using 1) clinical quality indicators to measure skill development and 2) a user survey. RESULTS After training, participants significantly improved their cytological screening skills, decreasing their false negative diagnosis by 78% in the non-experienced group and eliminating them entirely in the experienced group. Nonexperienced participants also significantly increased their recognition of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion by 31% and 50%, respectively. Participants positively evaluated the module, highlighting its novelty, the possibility to train remotely, the immediate feedback and the quality of the Whole Slide Images. CONCLUSIONS We designed, implemented and tested a VM-eLM for Gynecologic Cytopathology Education that improved cytological screening skills for both non-experienced and experienced cytologists, also increasing the diagnostic accuracy of preinvasive lesions by less experienced cytologists. The module was positively evaluated by participants, who perceived an improvement in their interpretive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cubillos
- Faculty of Medicine, Preventive Oncology Center, University of Chile, Quinta Normal, Chile.
| | - Eugenia Diaz
- Laboratory of Scientific Image Processing (SCIAN-Lab), Program for Integrative Biology (PIB), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Independencia, Chile
| | - Pablo Báez
- Laboratory of Scientific Image Processing (SCIAN-Lab), Program for Integrative Biology (PIB), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Independencia, Chile
| | - Lorena Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Medicine, Preventive Oncology Center, University of Chile, Quinta Normal, Chile
| | - Carla Molina
- Faculty of Medicine, Preventive Oncology Center, University of Chile, Quinta Normal, Chile
| | - Steffen Härtel
- Laboratory of Scientific Image Processing (SCIAN-Lab), Program for Integrative Biology (PIB), Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), University of Chile, Independencia, Chile
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Porte C, Lisson T, Kohlen M, von Maltzahn F, Dencks S, von Stillfried S, Piepenbrock M, Rix A, Dasgupta A, Koczera P, Boor P, Stickeler E, Schmitz G, Kiessling F. Ultrasound Localization Microscopy for Breast Cancer Imaging in Patients: Protocol Optimization and Comparison with Shear Wave Elastography. Ultrasound Med Biol 2024; 50:57-66. [PMID: 37805359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) has gained increasing attention in recent years because of its ability to visualize blood vessels at super-resolution. The field of oncology, in particular, could benefit from detailed vascular characterization, for example, for diagnosis and therapy monitoring. This study was aimed at refining ULM for breast cancer patients by optimizing the measurement protocol, identifying translational challenges and combining ULM and shear wave elastography. METHODS We computed ULM images of 11 patients with breast cancer by recording contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) sequences and post-processing them in an offline pipeline. For CEUS, two different doses and injection speeds of SonoVue were applied. The best injection protocol was determined based on quantitative parameters derived from so-called occurrence maps. In addition, a suitable measurement time window was determined, also considering the occurrence of motion. ULM results were compared with shear wave elastography and histological vessel density. RESULTS At the higher dose and injection speed, the highest number of microbubbles, number of tracks and vessel coverage were achieved, leading to the most detailed representation of tumor vasculature. Even at the highest concentration, no significant overlay of microbubble signals occurred. Motion significantly reduced the number of usable frames, thus limiting the measurement window to 3.5 min. ULM vessel coverage was comparable to the histological vessel fraction and correlated significantly with mean tumor elasticity. CONCLUSION The settings for microbubble injection strongly influence ULM images, thus requiring optimized protocols for different indications. Patient and examiner motion was identified as the main translational challenge for ULM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Porte
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lisson
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Kohlen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Finn von Maltzahn
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dencks
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Saskia von Stillfried
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marion Piepenbrock
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anshuman Dasgupta
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Koczera
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Schmitz
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Aachen, Germany.
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Voigt FF, Reuss AM, Naert T, Hildebrand S, Schaettin M, Hotz AL, Whitehead L, Bahl A, Neuhauss SCF, Roebroeck A, Stoeckli ET, Lienkamp SS, Aguzzi A, Helmchen F. Reflective multi-immersion microscope objectives inspired by the Schmidt telescope. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:65-71. [PMID: 36997681 PMCID: PMC10791577 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Imaging large, cleared samples requires microscope objectives that combine a large field of view (FOV) with a long working distance (WD) and a high numerical aperture (NA). Ideally, such objectives should be compatible with a wide range of immersion media, which is challenging to achieve with conventional lens-based objective designs. Here we introduce the multi-immersion 'Schmidt objective' consisting of a spherical mirror and an aspherical correction plate as a solution to this problem. We demonstrate that a multi-photon variant of the Schmidt objective is compatible with all homogeneous immersion media and achieves an NA of 1.08 at a refractive index of 1.56, 1.1-mm FOV and 11-mm WD. We highlight its versatility by imaging cleared samples in various media ranging from air and water to benzyl alcohol/benzyl benzoate, dibenzyl ether and ethyl cinnamate and by imaging of neuronal activity in larval zebrafish in vivo. In principle, the concept can be extended to any imaging modality, including wide-field, confocal and light-sheet microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian F Voigt
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Anna Maria Reuss
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Naert
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Hildebrand
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Schaettin
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriana L Hotz
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Armin Bahl
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stephan C F Neuhauss
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alard Roebroeck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther T Stoeckli
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP), Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program (URPP), Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Liu JTC, Chow SSL, Colling R, Downes MR, Farré X, Humphrey P, Janowczyk A, Mirtti T, Verrill C, Zlobec I, True LD. Engineering the future of 3D pathology. J Pathol Clin Res 2024; 10:e347. [PMID: 37919231 PMCID: PMC10807588 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, technological advances in tissue preparation, high-throughput volumetric microscopy, and computational infrastructure have enabled rapid developments in nondestructive 3D pathology, in which high-resolution histologic datasets are obtained from thick tissue specimens, such as whole biopsies, without the need for physical sectioning onto glass slides. While 3D pathology generates massive datasets that are attractive for automated computational analysis, there is also a desire to use 3D pathology to improve the visual assessment of tissue histology. In this perspective, we discuss and provide examples of potential advantages of 3D pathology for the visual assessment of clinical specimens and the challenges of dealing with large 3D datasets (of individual or multiple specimens) that pathologists have not been trained to interpret. We discuss the need for artificial intelligence triaging algorithms and explainable analysis methods to assist pathologists or other domain experts in the interpretation of these novel, often complex, large datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan TC Liu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & PathologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUSA
| | - Sarah SL Chow
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | | | | | | | - Peter Humphrey
- Department of UrologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Andrew Janowczyk
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA
- Geneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Clare Verrill
- John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute for Tissue Medicine and PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & PathologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleUSA
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Pajanoja C, Kerosuo L. ShapeMetrics: A 3D Cell Segmentation Pipeline for Single-Cell Spatial Morphometric Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2767:263-273. [PMID: 37219813 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2023_489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need for single-cell level data analysis in correlation with the advancements of microscopy techniques. Morphology-based statistics gathered from individual cells are essential for detection and quantification of even subtle changes within the complex tissues, yet the information available from high-resolution imaging is oftentimes sub-optimally utilized due to the lack of proper computational analysis software. Here we present ShapeMetrics, a 3D cell segmentation pipeline that we have developed to identify, analyze, and quantify single cells in an image. This MATLAB-based script enables users to extract morphological parameters, such as ellipticity, longest axis, cell elongation, or the ratio between cell volume and surface area. We have specifically invested in creating a user-friendly pipeline, aimed for biologists with a limited computational background. Our pipeline is presented with detailed stepwise instructions, starting from the establishment of machine learning-based prediction files of immuno-labeled cell membranes followed by the application of 3D cell segmentation and parameter extraction script, leading to the morphometric analysis and spatial visualization of cell clusters defined by their morphometric features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Pajanoja
- Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, ML, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Kerosuo
- Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, ML, USA
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L'Imperio V, Casati G, Cazzaniga G, Tarabini A, Bolognesi MM, Gibilisco F, Fraggetta F, Pagni F. Improvements in digital pathology equipment for renal biopsies: updating the standard model. J Nephrol 2024; 37:221-229. [PMID: 36786977 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Digital pathology can improve the technical and interpretative workflows in nephropathology by creating hub-spoke networks and virtuous collaboration projects among centers in different geographical regions. New high-resolution fast-scanning instruments combined with currently existing equipment were tested in a nephropathology hub to evaluate possible upgrading in the routine processing phases. METHODS The scanning performance of two different instruments (Aperio vs hybrid MIDI II) was evaluated and a comparative quality control check was performed on obtained whole slide images. RESULTS Both with default and custom settings for light microscopy, MIDI II proved to be faster, with only slightly more time required to prepare the scan and larger final file size as compared to Aperio (p < 0.001). No differences were noted in the number of out-of-focus slides per case (p = 0.75). Regarding immunofluorescence, the new scanner required longer preparation time (p = 0.001) with comparable scanning times and final file size (p = 0.169 and p = 0.177, respectively). Quality control showed differences in 3 quality features related to white background and blurriness (p < 0.001). No major discordances in the final diagnosis were recorded after comparing the report obtained with slides scanned using the two instruments, with only one case (4%) showing minor disagreement. CONCLUSION The present report describes the experience of a hub nephropathology center adopting next generation digital pathology tools for the routine assessment of renal biopsies, highlighting the need for a complementary approach towards a philosophy of interoperability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo L'Imperio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milano-Bicocca, IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Casati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milano-Bicocca, IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cazzaniga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milano-Bicocca, IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Tarabini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milano-Bicocca, IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Maddalena Maria Bolognesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milano-Bicocca, IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Gibilisco
- Pathology Unit, ASP Catania, "Gravina" Hospital, Caltagirone, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milano-Bicocca, IRCCS Fondazione San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
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Kong D, Luvsanjav D, Loncarek J. Immunolabel-First-Expand-Later Expansion Microscopy Approach Using Stable STED Dyes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2725:89-101. [PMID: 37856019 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3507-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple expansion microscopy approaches have been successfully used in the analysis of centrioles, centrosomes, and cilia, helping to reveal the localization of numerous centrosomal and ciliary proteins at nanoscale resolution. In this chapter, we describe the use of two stable STED dyes in combination with expansion microscopy, which allows the robust detection by conventional and STED microscopy of proteins immunolabeled prior to sample expansion. We demonstrate the stability of these dyes during the crosslinking, polymerization, and denaturation steps of an expansion protocol thereby allowing their use in an immunolabel-first-expand-later approach. Our protocol overcomes the frequent technical limitation of poor, unreproducible binding of primary antibodies to proteins after denaturation. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach by analyzing both a centriole appendage protein Cep164 and a ciliary protein ARL13B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kong
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, NIH/NCI/CCR, Frederick, MD, USA
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Hirasawa T, Tachi K, Ishikawa T, Miyashita M, Ito K, Ishihara M. Photoacoustic microscopy for real-time monitoring of near-infrared optical absorbers inside biological tissue. J Biomed Opt 2024; 29:S11527. [PMID: 38464883 PMCID: PMC10924425 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Significance We developed a high-speed optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) system using a high-repetition-rate supercontinuum (SC) light source and a two-axes Galvano scanner. The OR-PAM system enabled real-time imaging of optical absorbers inside biological tissues with excellent excitation wavelength tunability. Aim In the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range, high-speed OR-PAM faces limitations due to the lack of wavelength-tunable light sources. Our study aimed to enable high-speed OR-PAM imaging of various optical absorbers, including NIR contrast agents, and validate the performance of high-speed OR-PAM in the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Approach A high-repetition nanosecond pulsed SC light source was used for OR-PAM. The excitation wavelength was adjusted by bandpass filtering of broadband light pulses produced by an SC light source. Phantom and in vivo experiments were performed to detect tumor cells stained with an NIR contrast agent within flowing blood samples. Results The newly developed high-speed OR-PAM successfully detected stained cells both in the phantom and in vivo. The phantom experiment confirmed the correlation between the tumor cell detection rate and tumor cell concentration in the blood sample. Conclusions The high-speed OR-PAM effectively detected stained tumor cells. Combining high-speed OR-PAM with molecular probes that stain tumor cells in vivo enables in vivo CTC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hirasawa
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Medical Engineering, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tachi
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Medical Engineering, Tokorozawa, Japan
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Urology, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishikawa
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Medical Engineering, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Manami Miyashita
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Medical Engineering, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ito
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Urology, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Miya Ishihara
- National Defense Medical College, Department of Medical Engineering, Tokorozawa, Japan
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50
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Huang B, Wong TTW. Review of low-cost light sources and miniaturized designs in photoacoustic microscopy. J Biomed Opt 2024; 29:S11503. [PMID: 37869479 PMCID: PMC10587694 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a promising imaging technique to provide structural, functional, and molecular information for preclinical and clinical studies. However, expensive and bulky lasers and motorized stages have limited the broad applications of conventional PAM systems. A recent trend is to use low-cost light sources and miniaturized designs to develop a compact PAM system and expand its applications from benchtop to bedside. Aim We provide (1) an overview of PAM systems and their limitations, (2) a comprehensive review of PAM systems with low-cost light sources and their applications, (3) a comprehensive review of PAM systems with miniaturized and handheld scanning designs, and (4) perspective applications and a summary of the cost-effective and miniaturized PAM systems. Approach Papers published before July 2023 in the area of using low-cost light sources and miniaturized designs in PAM were reviewed. They were categorized into two main parts: (1) low-cost light sources and (2) miniaturized or handheld designs. The first part was classified into two subtypes: pulsed laser diode and continuous-wave laser diode. The second part was also classified into two subtypes: galvanometer scanner and micro-electro-mechanical system scanner. Results Significant progress has been made in the development of PAM systems based on low-cost and compact light sources as well as miniaturized and handheld designs. Conclusions The review highlights the potential of these advancements to revolutionize PAM technology, making it more accessible and practical for various applications in preclinical studies, clinical practice, and long-term monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Huang
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Translational and Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terence T. W. Wong
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Translational and Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Research Center for Medical Imaging and Analysis, Hong Kong, China
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