1
|
Shah N, Ghosh A, Kumar K, Dutta T, Mahajan M. A review of safety and immunogenicity of a novel measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2302685. [PMID: 38236022 PMCID: PMC10798359 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2302685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) are highly infectious viral diseases affecting young children and have high secondary attack rates. Present MMR vaccines show consistent seroconversion rates for anti-measles and anti-rubella antibodies with variable responses for anti-mumps antibodies. Most common strains for MMR vaccines, currently available in India, are the Edmonston-Zagreb measles strain, Leningrad Zagreb (L-Z) mumps strain, and the RA 27/3 rubella strain. L-Z strain of mumps virus has been found to be associated with aseptic meningitis by different studies from different parts of the world including India. Recently, a novel freeze-dried MMR vaccine developed by Zydus Lifesciences (Zyvac MMR) contains Edmonston Zagreb measles strain, Hoshino mumps strain, and RA 27/3 rubella strain. The Hoshino strain is WHO approved and was found to induce interferon gamma production. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive appraisal of the data available on the safety and immunogenicity of the novel MMR vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shah
- Department of Peadiatrics, P.D Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Apurba Ghosh
- Department of Peadiatrics, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India
| | - Kishore Kumar
- Department of Peadiatrics, CloudNine Group of Hospitals, Bengaluru, India
| | - Trayambak Dutta
- Medical Affairs, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Zydus Corporate Park, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Manish Mahajan
- Medical Affairs, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Zydus Corporate Park, Ahmedabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A Plotkin
- From the University of Pennsylvania, Vaxconsult, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kegele Lignani L, de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes de Oliveira R, Matos Dos Santos E, Antonio Bastos Camacho L, Reis Xavier J, Regina da Silva E Sá G, Mendonça Siqueira M, Marques Vieira da Silva A, Gil Melgaço J, Dos Santos Alves N, de Lourdes de Sousa Maia M, Caetano Prates Melo E. Neutralizing antibody titers against D8 genotype and persistence of measles humoral and cell-mediated immunity eight years after the first dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine in Brazilian children. Vaccine 2024; 42:2065-2071. [PMID: 38413280 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the level of measles vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies against the D8 genotype and the persistence of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in children who received their first dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine eight years previously. METHODS Measles-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were determined in serum using ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test, respectively. Cellular response was evaluated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). IFN-γ-secreting cells, memory B and T cells, and immunological mediators were assayed by ELISpot, flow cytometry, and multiplex liquid microarray assay, respectively. RESULTS Antibody concentrations declined over time; however, the vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies' effect against D8 and vaccinal genotypes persisted. PBMC stimulated with the vaccine virus exhibited specific IFN- γ-measles-secreting responses in most participants. Participants with high levels of neutralizing antibodies showed a higher proportion of activated B cells compared to participants with low levels of neutralizing antibodies, while proportions of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were similar between these groups. PBMC supernatant cytokine levels showed a significant difference between stimulated and non-stimulated conditions for IL-2, TNF-α, IL-10, and CXCL10. CONCLUSION Despite the decline in antibody concentrations over time, the participants still demonstrated neutralizing capacity against the measles D8 genotype five to eight years after the second dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. Additionally, most of the enrolled children exhibited cell-mediated immunity responses to measles virus stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Kegele Lignani
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Eliane Matos Dos Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Bastos Camacho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Janaína Reis Xavier
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gloria Regina da Silva E Sá
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Rua Professor Gabizo, 264, 3° andar, Tijuca, CEP 20271-062 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marilda Mendonça Siqueira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos, Enterovírus e Emergências Virais, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Marques Vieira da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gil Melgaço
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Dos Santos Alves
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes de Sousa Maia
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos/Bio-Manguinhos, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21041-250 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Enirtes Caetano Prates Melo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fortunato F, Musco A, Iannelli G, Meola M, Luigi Lopalco P, Martinelli D. Effectiveness of the combined MMRV Priorix-Tetra™ vaccine against varicella in a large Italian region: A case-control study. Vaccine 2024; 42:1608-1616. [PMID: 38341290 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Priorix-Tetra™ (MMRV GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals' vaccine) was developed based on the existing measles-mumps-rubella and varicella vaccines. In this study, we aimed to estimate the effectiveness of the combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella Priorix-Tetra™ vaccine against varicella in real-world conditions. We conducted a post-marketing retrospective case-control study in the Apulia region of Italy in children aged 1-9 years born between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2016. We assessed the effectiveness against varicella of all grades of severity (including hospitalisation) and against hospitalisation for varicella of a single and two doses of Priorix-Tetra™. Moreover, we also assessed effectiveness of monovalent varicella (monovalent-V) vaccine and any varicella vaccines. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-OR) x 100. We introduced demographic variables in the model to adjust Vaccine effectiveness (aVE) by potential confounders (sex and year of birth). We recorded 625 varicella cases and matched them with 1,875 controls. Among 625 cases, 198 had received a single MMRV dose, 10 two MMRV doses, 46 a single monovalent-V dose, none two monovalent-V doses; four a monovalent-V as first dose and MMRV as second dose, and one a MMRV as first dose and monovalent-V as second dose; 366 cases were not vaccinated. The aVE against varicella of all grades of severity was 77.0% and 93.0% after a single dose and after two doses of MMRV, respectively. The aVE against varicella of all grades was 72.0% after a single dose of monovalent-V vaccine. The aVE against varicella of all grades of severity was 76.0% after a single dose and 94.0% after two doses of any varicella vaccine. The aVE against varicella hospitalisation was 96% after a single dose of any varicella vaccine. Priorix-Tetra™ showed to be an effective vaccine and the two-dose schedule should be recommended to optimise immunisation programmes. A single dose was able to provide protection against varicella hospitalisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fortunato
- Hygiene Unit, Policlinico Foggia Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angelo Musco
- Hygiene Unit, Policlinico Foggia Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Iannelli
- Hygiene Unit, Policlinico Foggia Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Martina Meola
- Hygiene Unit, Policlinico Foggia Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Lopalco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Domenico Martinelli
- Hygiene Unit, Policlinico Foggia Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Majeed A. Increasing measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine uptake in primary care. BMJ 2024; 384:q552. [PMID: 38443096 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van Boven M, Backer JA, Veldhuijzen I, Gomme J, van Binnendijk R, Kaaijk P. Estimation of the infection attack rate of mumps in an outbreak among college students using paired serology. Epidemics 2024; 46:100751. [PMID: 38442537 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mumps virus is a highly transmissible pathogen that is effectively controlled in countries with high vaccination coverage. Nevertheless, outbreaks have occurred worldwide over the past decades in vaccinated populations. Here we analyse an outbreak of mumps virus genotype G among college students in the Netherlands over the period 2009-2012 using paired serological data. To identify infections in the presence of preexisting antibodies we compared mumps specific serum IgG concentrations in two consecutive samples (n=746), whereby the first sample was taken when students started their study prior to the outbreaks, and the second sample was taken 2-5 years later. We fit a binary mixture model to the data. The two mixing distributions represent uninfected and infected classes. Throughout we assume that the infection probability increases with the ratio of antibody concentrations of the second to first sample. The estimated infection attack rate in this study is higher than reported earlier (0.095 versus 0.042). The analyses yield probabilistic classifications of participants, which are mostly quite precise owing to the high intraclass correlation of samples in uninfected participants (0.85, 95%CrI: 0.82-0.87). The estimated probability of infection increases with decreasing antibody concentration in the pre-outbreak sample, such that the probability of infection is 0.12 (95%CrI: 0.10-0.13) for the lowest quartile of the pre-outbreak samples and 0.056 (95%CrI: 0.044-0.068) for the highest quartile. We discuss the implications of these insights for the design of booster vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel van Boven
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jantien A Backer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Veldhuijzen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Justin Gomme
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; NHS Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rob van Binnendijk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Kaaijk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Siegfried EC, Wine Lee L, Spergel JM, Prescilla R, Uppal S, Coleman A, Bansal A, Cyr SL, Shumel B. A case series of live attenuated vaccine administration in dupilumab-treated children with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:204-209. [PMID: 38308453 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Current regulatory labeling recommends avoiding live vaccine use in dupilumab-treated patients. Clinical data are not available to support more specific guidance for live or live attenuated vaccines administration in dupilumab-treated patients. METHODS Children (6 months-5 years old) with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) enrolled in a phase 2/3 clinical trial of dupilumab (LIBERTY AD PRESCHOOL Part A/B; NCT03346434) and subsequently participated in the LIBERTY AD PED-OLE (NCT02612454). During these studies, protocol deviations occurred in nine children who received measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine with or without varicella vaccine; five with a ≤12-week gap between dupilumab administration and vaccination and four with a >12-week gap after discontinuing dupilumab. RESULTS Nine children (1 female; 8 male) had severe AD at baseline (8-56 months old). Of the nine children, five had a ≤12-week gap ranged 1-7 weeks between dupilumab administration and vaccination who received MMR vaccine (n = 2) or MMR and varicella vaccines (n = 3); among these, one resumed dupilumab treatment as early as 2 days and four resumed treatment 18-43 days after vaccination. No treatment-emergent adverse events, including serious adverse events and infections, were reported within the 4-week post-vaccination period in any children. CONCLUSIONS In this case series of dupilumab-treated children with severe AD who received MMR vaccine with or without varicella vaccine, no adverse effects (including vaccine-related infection) were reported within 4 weeks after vaccination. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immune response to live attenuated vaccines in dupilumab-treated patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C Siegfried
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lara Wine Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan M Spergel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sumeet Uppal
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | - Ashish Bansal
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Sonya L Cyr
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Brad Shumel
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hueppe K, Ortman J, Gauselmann H, Santibanez S, Mankertz A. Measles vaccination - An underestimated prevention measure: Analyzing a fatal case in Hildesheim, Germany. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151608. [PMID: 38335886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles and rubella are targeted for elimination in the WHO region Europe. To reach the elimination goal, vaccination coverage of 95% must be achieved and sustained, the genotype information has to be provided for 80% of all outbreaks and transmission chains of a certain variant must not be detected for >12 months. The latter information is collected at Germany's National Reference Center Measles, Mumps, Rubella (NRC MMR). We describe here an outbreak of measles occurring in Hildesheim. The outbreak comprised 43 cases and lasted 14 weeks. Surprisingly, a high number of vaccination failures was observed since 11 cases had received two doses of the MMR vaccine and 4 additional cases were vaccinated once. A 33-year-old woman passed away during the outbreak. She was the mother of 5 children between 4 and 16 years of age. Two schoolchildren contracted measles and passed it on to the rest of the family. Due to delivery bottlenecks, the vaccination of the mother was delayed. She developed measles-like symptoms 3 days after vaccination and was found dead on the morning of day 8 after vaccination. A post-mortem examination was done to identify the cause of death. Moreover, molecular characterization of the virus was performed to analyze whether she was infected by the wildtype virus circulating at that time in Hildesheim or whether the vaccine may have been a concomitant and aggravating feature of her death. The result showed that the samples taken from her at the time of death and during necropsy contained the wildtype measles virus variant corresponding to MVs/Gir Somnath.IND/42.16 (WHO Seq-ID D8-4683) that fueled the Hildesheim outbreak and circulated in Germany from March 2018 to March 2020. The vaccine virus was not detected. Moreover, two aspects uncovered by the post-mortem examination were remarkable; the woman died from giant cell pneumonia, which is a complication seen in immune-suppressed individuals and she was actively using cannabis. THC is known to influence the immune system, but literature reports describing the effects are limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hueppe
- Local Health Authority, Hildesheim, Ludolfingerstr. 2, 31137 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Jan Ortman
- Institute for Forensic Medicine, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hannah Gauselmann
- Brandenburgisches Landesinstitut für Rechtsmedizin, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sabine Santibanez
- National Reference Center Measles, Mumps, Rubella; Robert Koch-Institute; Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Mankertz
- National Reference Center Measles, Mumps, Rubella; Robert Koch-Institute; Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soble A, Ko M, Gilchrist S, Malvolti S, Hasso-Agopsowicz M, Giersing B, Amorij JP, Jarrahian C, El Sheikh F, Menozzi-Arnaud M, Scarna T. A review of potential use cases for measles-rubella, measles-mumps-rubella, and typhoid-conjugate vaccines presented on microarray patches. Vaccine 2024; 42:1230-1246. [PMID: 38326130 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
As an innovative vaccine delivery technology, vaccine microarray patches could have a meaningful impact on routine immunization coverage in low- and middle-income countries, and vaccine deployment during epidemics and pandemics. This review of the potential use cases for a subset of vaccine microarray patches in various stages of clinical development, including measles-rubella, measles-mumps-rubella, and typhoid conjugate, highlights the breadth of their applicability to support immunization service delivery and their potential scope of utilization within national immunization programs. Definition and assessment of the use cases for this novel vaccine presentation provide important insights for vaccine developers and policymakers into the strengths of the public health and commercial value propositions, and the preparatory requirements for public health systems for the future rollout of vaccine microarray patches. An in-depth understanding of use cases for vaccine microarray patches serves as a foundational input to overcoming the remaining technical, regulatory, and financial challenges. Additional efforts will help to realize the potential of vaccine microarray patches as part of the global effort to improve the coverage and equity of national immunization programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Soble
- MMGH Consulting GmbH, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Melissa Ko
- MMGH Consulting GmbH, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | - Birgitte Giersing
- Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Prévot-Monsacré P, Hamaide-Defrocourt F, Guyonvarch O, Masse S, Souty C, Mamou T, Hamel J, Antona D, Mathieu P, Vasseur P, Lévy-Bruhl D, Baroux N, Rossignol L, Vaillant L, Guerrisi C, Hanslik T, Dina J, Blanchon T. What is the relevancy of a surveillance of mumps without a systematic laboratory confirmation in highly immunized populations? Epidemiology of suspected and biologically confirmed mumps cases seen in general practice in France between 2014 and 2020. Vaccine 2024; 42:1065-1070. [PMID: 38092609 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In France, mumps surveillance is conducted in primary care by the Sentinelles network, the National Reference Centre for Measles, Mumps and Rubella and Santé publique France. AIM The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of suspected mumps in general practice, the proportion of laboratory confirmed cases and the factors associated with a virological confirmation. METHODS General practitioners (GPs) participating in the Sentinelles network should report all patients with suspected mumps according to a clinical definition in case of parotitis and a serological definition in case of clinical expression without parotitis. All suspected mumps cases reported between January 2014 and December 2020 were included. A sample of these cases were tested by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for mumps biological confirmation. RESULTS A total of 252 individuals with suspected mumps were included in the study. The average annual incidence rate of suspected mumps in general practice in France between 2014 and 2020 was estimated at 11 cases per 100,000 population [CI95%: 6-17]. A mumps confirmation RT-PCR test was performed on 146 cases amongst which 17 (11.5 %) were positive. Age (between 20 and 29 years old), the presence of a clinical complication and an exposure to a suspected mumps case within the 21 days prior the current episode were associated with a mumps biological confirmation. CONCLUSION If these results confirm the circulation of mumps virus in France, they highlight the limits of a surveillance without a systematic laboratory confirmation in highly immunized populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Prévot-Monsacré
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Florent Hamaide-Defrocourt
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Ophélie Guyonvarch
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Shirley Masse
- Laboratoire de Virologie, UR7310, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, 20250 Corte, France
| | - Cécile Souty
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Mamou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Justine Hamel
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR1311, National Reference Center for Measles, Mumps and Rubella, CHU Caen, Virology Department, Caen, France
| | - Denise Antona
- Direction des maladies infectieuses, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Pauline Mathieu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Vasseur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Lévy-Bruhl
- Direction des maladies infectieuses, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Noémie Baroux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Louise Rossignol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France; Département de Médecine Générale, Université Paris Cité, F75018 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Vaillant
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Guerrisi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Hanslik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France; Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP, Boulogne Billancourt, France; Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UVSQ, UFR de Médecine Simone Veil, Versailles, France
| | - Julia Dina
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR1311, National Reference Center for Measles, Mumps and Rubella, CHU Caen, Virology Department, Caen, France
| | - Thierry Blanchon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, F75012 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao YQ, Wu J, Wu H, Guo SC. [Epidemiological characteristics of mumps among people aged 0-14 in Jiangxi Province, 2015-2022]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:225-229. [PMID: 38413061 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230805-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the epidemic characteristics of mumps in people aged 0-14 years in Jiangxi Province and the vaccination situation of mumps-containing vaccines (including mumps vaccines) from 2015 to 2022 to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of mumps epidemic in Jiangxi Province. Methods: The mumps epidemic situation and mumps vaccination data in Jiangxi Province from 2015 to 2022 were obtained from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and Jiangxi Immunization Program Information System and were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. The chi-square test, cluster analysis, and Cochran-Armitage trend test were used for statistical analysis. Results: From 2015 to 2022, a total of 40 734 cases of mumps were reported in people aged 0-14 in Jiangxi Province, with an annual average reported incidence rate of 53.69/100 000, and the peak of incidence occurred in aged 6-7 years group, and the reported incidence rate was 86.43/100 000. The high incidence seasons in 2015-2019 were summer and winter, and there was no significant high incidence season in 2020-2022. Mumps outbreaks mainly occurred in Shangrao, Ganzhou, and Ji'an, and the outbreak sites were mainly reported primary schools. From 2015 to 2019, the 1-year group was the primary age group for vaccination against mumps, while from 2020 to 2021, it was 0 and 1-year groups. Conclusions: From 2015 to 2022, the incidence of mumps in the population aged 0-14 in Jiangxi Province showed a downward trend, and the peak of incidence occurred in age group 6-7 years. It is suggested to continue to strengthen the coverage rate of 2 doses of mumps vaccination for school-age children and, simultaneously, strengthen the monitoring and prevention of mumps in key places to avoid outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Zhao
- Institute of Immunization Programmes, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Immunization Programmes, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - H Wu
- Institute of Immunization Programmes, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - S C Guo
- Institute of Immunization Programmes, Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330029, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Santoro PE, Paladini A, Borrelli I, Amantea C, Rossi MF, Fortunato C, Gualano MR, Marchetti A, Cadeddu C, Moscato U. Vaccine-preventable diseases: Immune response in a large population of healthcare students. Vaccine 2024; 42:930-936. [PMID: 38246845 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students in medicine and other health professions are exposed to numerous occupational hazards, primarily biological hazards, during their academic careers at university. The aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence characteristics of anti-HBsAg, anti-Measles, anti-Mumps, anti-Rubella and anti-Varicella IgG antibodies in healthcare students of a large teaching hospital in Rome. METHODS To accomplish the study's aims, antibody serology data were gathered from students of Medicine and Surgery, Dentistry, and Health Professions at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (Rome Campus) during their first Health Surveillance visit, that took place from 2013 to 2023. RESULTS Our study sample included 2523 students, 44.4 % were protected against Hepatitis B, 87.3 % against measles, 85.5 % against mumps, 94.6 % rubella and 95.2 % against varicella. Differences in antibody coverage between age groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001), except for mumps. It found a lower probability of having seronegative anti-HBVs with an older date since the presumed primary vaccination. CONCLUSION In our sample, seropositivity rate against vaccine-preventable diseases, especially for Hepatitis B, was often inadequate to prevent possible biological risks connected with the activities carried out on the ward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Emilio Santoro
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy; Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Paladini
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Ivan Borrelli
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Carlotta Amantea
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy.
| | - Maria Francesca Rossi
- Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Corinna Fortunato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Gualano
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, UniCamillus, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Marchetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cadeddu
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Umberto Moscato
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy; Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Section of Occupational Health, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mustafa A, Rasool F, Samdani K. Mumps treatment by quacks in Pakistan: A neglected danger to public health. J PAK MED ASSOC 2024; 74:425-426. [PMID: 38419257 DOI: 10.47391/jpma.10182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Dear Editor,
In this letter, we aim to draw attention to mumps treatment through pseudo therapies by quacks in Pakistan. Our goal is to raise awareness and promote the prevention of mistreatment. Pakistan has seen an unprecedented rise in mumps outbreaks after the COVID-19 pandemic. From 1 January to 31 December 2022, a total of 19,444 mumps cases had been recorded from all provinces of the country. [1]
Mumps is a common childhood respiratory infection caused by a paramyxovirus. It can be transmitted through direct contact and droplet spread. Symptoms include swelling of the parotid gland, which occurs in 60-70% of infections and 95% of patients with symptoms. [2] The swelling progresses over 2-3 days and persists for about a week. Sometimes mumps can lead to later complications such as epididymal-orchitis, oophoritis, meningitis, encephalitis, thyroiditis, unilateral deafness, spontaneous abortion, pancreatitis or infertility. Mumps is benign, resolving on its own, requiring only symptomatic relief by proven medical therapies. [3]
Unfortunately, in Pakistan, especially in rural areas, people seek pseudo therapies for various diseases including Mumps from quacks which are found in a significant number of over 600,000 in the country. [4] The harmful effects of such malpractices include abandonment and delays in effective medical treatment, emergence of complications, psychological-physical traumas, and financial burden. [5] For treating Mumps, these mal practitioners offer the "massage" of the parotid gland, which involves rotating the index finger from the centre of the gland towards the outside while blowing on the patient's face. [6] These methods are not scientifically proven and may even be harmful. According to a study, non-medical interventions like acupuncture have also proved to be futile and of no advantage. [7] People often attribute the recovery to the quack's treatment, increasing their trust in these practitioners and propagation of false beliefs. These quacks often charge significant amounts of money, further exploiting their patients.
We urge physicians, public health workers and the general public to prioritise the prevention and control of mumps outbreaks. This will require proactive education to address the misinformation surrounding mumps and quack treatments. Furthermore, research is needed to determine the frequency of mumps complications later in life, which may be associated with these ongoing practices for many years. Finally, the government should take stern action against quack practitioners, and the public needs to be better informed about the harms.
---Continue
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areeba Mustafa
- 4th Year MBBS Student, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Rasool
- Department of Medicine, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Khubaib Samdani
- Department of Surgery, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Keutler A, Lainka E, Posovszky C. Live-attenuated vaccination for measles, mumps, and rubella in pediatric liver transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14687. [PMID: 38317348 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections are a serious short- and long-term problem after pediatric organ transplantation. In immunocompromised patients, they can lead to transplant rejection or a severe course with a sometimes fatal outcome. Vaccination is an appropriate means of reducing morbidity and mortality caused by vaccine-preventable diseases. Unfortunately, due to the disease or its course, it is not always possible to establish adequate vaccine protection against live-attenuated viral vaccines (LAVVs) prior to transplantation. LAVVs such as measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) are still contraindicated in solid organ transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy (IST), thus creating a dilemma. AIM This review discusses whether, when, and how live-attenuated MMR vaccines can be administered effectively and safely to pediatric liver transplant recipients based on the available data. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched PubMed for literature on live-attenuated MMR vaccination in pediatric liver transplantation (LT). RESULTS Nine prospective observational studies and three retrospective case series were identified in which at least 833 doses of measles vaccine were administered to 716 liver transplant children receiving IST. In these selected patients, MMR vaccination was well tolerated and no serious adverse reactions to the vaccine were observed. In addition, an immune response to the vaccine was demonstrated in patients receiving IST. CONCLUSION Due to inadequate vaccine protection in this high-risk group, maximum efforts must be made to ensure full immunization. MMR vaccination could also be considered for unprotected patients after LT receiving IST following an individual risk assessment, as severe harm from live vaccines after liver transplantation has been reported only very rarely. To this end, it is important to establish standardized and simple criteria for the selection of suitable patients and the administration of the MMR vaccine to ensure safe use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Keutler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elke Lainka
- University Children's Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Posovszky
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dyda A, Broome A, Rawlinson W, Mahimbo A, Saha A, Kefalas B, Seale H, Macintyre CR, Zwar N, Gidding HF, Heywood AE. Measles, mumps, rubella and varicella antibodies among international and domestic university students. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taae004. [PMID: 38195239 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine-preventable infections are generally well controlled in Australia. However, gaps in immunity can lead to outbreaks and are important to identify. Young adults are a highly mobile population and a potential source of imported infections. We aimed to evaluate anti- measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMR&V) IgG seroprevalence and explore factors relating to antibody seropositivity. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among students from a large Australian university to collect demographic, vaccination, infection and travel characteristics. Blood samples were collected to measure MMR&V seroprevalence. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. RESULTS Among 804 university students, seroprevalence (positive or equivocal) for measles was 82.3% (95% CI 79.6-84.8%), mumps 79.5% (95% CI 76.7-82.3%), rubella 91.5% (95% CI 89.6-93.5%) and varicella 86.2% (95% CI 84.1-88.8%), with 452 (56.2%, 95% CI 52.8-59.6) seropositive to all four viruses. Varicella seropositivity was highest in the older birth cohort (born 1988-1991). Measles seropositivity was higher for international students compared to domestic students. Among international students, mumps seroprevalence was significantly lower than measles and rubella seroprevalence. International travel in the previous 12 months was reported by 63.1% of students, but only 18.2% of travellers reported seeking pre-travel health advice prior to most recent international travel. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study suggests immunity to MMR&V is sub-optimal. We found the university student population to be highly mobile and unlikely to seek pre-travel advice; thus, they are a potential source of infection importation. The implementation of university immunization policies could address the gaps identified and our findings can inform the development of targeted vaccination campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Dyda
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Audrey Broome
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William Rawlinson
- Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Abela Mahimbo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Amit Saha
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bill Kefalas
- UNSW Health Service, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Holly Seale
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - C Raina Macintyre
- The Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nicholas Zwar
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - Heather F Gidding
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anita E Heywood
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Skirrow H, Foley K, Bedford H, Lewis C, Whittaker E, Costelloe C, Saxena S. Impact of pregnancy vaccine uptake and socio-demographic determinants on subsequent childhood Measles, Mumps and Rubella vaccine uptake: A UK birth cohort study. Vaccine 2024; 42:322-331. [PMID: 38072757 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the association between socio-demographic determinants and uptake of childhood Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR) vaccines and the association between pregnant women's pertussis vaccine uptake and their children's MMR vaccine uptake. METHODS We used nationally-representative linked mother-baby electronic records from the United Kingdom's Clinical-Practice-Research-Datalink. We created a birth cohort of children born between 01.01.2000 and 12.12.2020. We estimated the proportion vaccinated with first MMR vaccine by age 2 years and first and second MMR vaccines by age 5 years. We used survival-analysis and Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between deprivation, ethnicity and maternal age and pertussis vaccination in pregnancy and children's MMR uptake. RESULTS Overall, 89.4 % (710,797/795,497) of children had first MMR by age 2 years and 92.6 % (736,495/795,497) by age 5 years. Among children still in the cohort when second MMR was due, 85.9 % (478,480/557,050) had two MMRs by age 5 years. Children from the most-deprived areas, children of Black ethnicity and children of mothers aged < 20 years had increased risk of being unvaccinated compared with children from the least-deprived areas, White children and children of mothers aged 31-40 years: first MMR by 5 years, adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR):0.86 (CI:0.85-0.87), HR:0.87 (CI:0.85-0.88) & HR:0.89 (CI:0.88-0.90) respectively. Deprivation was the determinant associated with the greatest risk of missed second MMR: adjusted HR:0.82 (CI:0.81-0.83). Children of mothers vaccinated in pregnancy were more likely than children of unvaccinated mothers to have MMR vaccines after adjusting for ethnicity, deprivation, and maternal age (First and Second MMRs adjusted HRs:1.43 (CI:1.41-1.45), 1.49 (CI:1.45-1.53). CONCLUSION Children from most-deprived areas are less likely to have MMR vaccines compared with children from least-deprived areas. Mothers who take up pregnancy vaccines are more likely to have their children vaccinated with MMR. Healthcare services should promote and facilitate access to both maternal and childhood vaccines during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Skirrow
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - K Foley
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - H Bedford
- Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - C Lewis
- Population, Policy and Practice, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom; London North Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Whittaker
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - C Costelloe
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Saxena
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Orhan Kilic B, Baskin E, Gulleroglu K, Kilic S, Aydin B, Akbulut O, Haberal M. Immunity Rates of Live Viral Vaccines in Pediatric Renal Transplant Candidates: A Single-Center Experience. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2024; 22:275-280. [PMID: 38385412 DOI: 10.6002/ect.mesot2023.p79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Solid-organ transplant recipients are at an increased risk of severe infections due to their immunosuppressed state. Despite the recommendation of routine screening and vaccination before transplant to mitigate this danger, vaccination rates in these patients are still below desirable levels. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of positive antibody rates for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella among children who are candidates for renal transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at a single center and included 144 pediatric kidney transplant patients for the past 7 years. We reviewed the medical records of all participants to evaluate their serologic status for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella viruses before kidney transplant. RESULTS In this study, 144 pediatric kidney transplant candidates (mean age 11.5 years, 56.9% male) were enrolled, and the most frequent causes of the chronic renal disease were congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and glomerular diseases (32.6%). Seropositivity rates for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella were 59.0%, 31.9%, 46.5%, and 43.6%, respectively, and all patients who tested negative for antibodies were vaccinated before transplant. Younger age at transplant (OR = 0.909, 95% CI = 0.840-0.923; P = .017) and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.1548-7.735; P = .002) were significantly associated with increased measles seropositivity, although no significant associations were observed for the other viruses. CONCLUSIONS We observed lower seropositivity rates for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in pediatric kidney transplant patients versus healthy children and other previous studies. It is essential to address these suboptimal rates to protect the health of these vulnerable patients. Future research should focus on targeted interventions to improve vaccination rates and outcomes in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betul Orhan Kilic
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Martin LJ, Galanis I, Lepp T, Lindstrand A. Estimated number of reported vaccine-preventable disease cases averted following the introduction of routine vaccination programs in Sweden, 1910-2019. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:1188-1193. [PMID: 37883058 PMCID: PMC10710358 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine childhood vaccination programs have had enormous positive public health impacts worldwide. However, in some areas, these benefits may be impeded by vaccine hesitancy and undervaccination. We estimated the number of reported cases of measles, pertussis, mumps and poliomyelitis averted in Sweden after the introduction of routine childhood vaccination programs. METHODS We used annual national data on population size and the number of reported cases of measles (1911-2019), pertussis (1911-2019), mumps (1914-2019) and poliomyelitis (1910-2019) for Sweden. For each disease, we calculated the median and 95% confidence interval of the annual pre-vaccination incidence to estimate the number of counterfactual cases; that is, the estimated number of cases that would have been observed in the post-vaccination period had no vaccine been introduced (median incidence × average annual population). For the post-vaccination periods, we calculated reported cases averted and assumed all decreases were due to vaccines. RESULTS In total, for all four diseases combined, over 2.1 million cases were reported over the respective surveillance periods. Since the introduction of vaccinations, we estimate that over 1.5 million reported cases of these four diseases combined have been averted: measles (633 091), pertussis (608 670), mumps (262 951) and poliomyelitis (58 240). However, due to underreporting, especially during pre-vaccination years, these are likely underestimates. CONCLUSIONS Since the introduction of these routine childhood vaccination programs in Sweden, a substantial number of reported cases of vaccine-preventable diseases have been averted. Vigilance against both failure to vaccinate and undervaccination is necessary to prevent future increases of these vaccine-preventable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiia Lepp
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Carvajal R, Tur C, Martínez-Gómez X, Bollo L, Esperalba J, Rodriguez M, Pappolla A, Cobo-Calvo A, Carbonell P, Borras-Bemejo B, Río J, Castilló J, Braga N, Mongay-Ochoa N, Rodrigo-Pendás JÁ, Vidal-Jordana Á, Arrambide G, Rodríguez-Acevedo B, Zabalza A, Midaglia L, Galán I, Comabella M, Sastre-Garriga J, Montalban X, Tintoré M, Otero-Romero S. A single-dose strategy for immunization with live attenuated vaccines is an effective option before treatment initiation in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2023; 29:1841-1848. [PMID: 37728389 PMCID: PMC10687797 DOI: 10.1177/13524585231200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mumps-Measles-Rubella (MMR) and Varicella zoster vaccines (VAR) are live attenuated vaccines, usually administered in a two-dose scheme at least 4 weeks apart. However, single-dose immunization schemes may also be effective and can reduce delays in immunosuppressive treatment initiation in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) who need to be immunized. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the immunogenicity of a single-dose attempt (SDA) versus the standard immunization scheme (SIS) with VAR and/or MMR in pwMS. METHODS Retrospective observational study in pwMS vaccinated against VAR and/or MMR. We compared seroprotection rates and antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) between the two strategies. RESULTS Ninety-six patients were included. Thirty-one patients received VAR and 67 MMR. In the SDA group, the seroprotection rate was 66.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 53.3-78.3) versus 97.2% (95% CI: 85.5-99.9) in the SIS (p < 0.001). For the seroprotected patients, GMTs were similar for both schemes. CONCLUSION An SDA of VAR and/or MMR vaccines could be sufficient to protect almost two-thirds of patients. Testing immunogenicity after a single dose of VZ and/or MMR could be included in routine clinical practice to achieve rapid immunization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Carvajal
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d’Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Tur
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Bollo
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Esperalba
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain/CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Pappolla
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Cobo-Calvo
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Carbonell
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Borras-Bemejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Río
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilló
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathane Braga
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Mongay-Ochoa
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ángel Rodrigo-Pendás
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángela Vidal-Jordana
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Arrambide
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Breogán Rodríguez-Acevedo
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Zabalza
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciana Midaglia
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ingrid Galán
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Sastre-Garriga
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain/Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Tintoré
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain/Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Otero-Romero
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain/ Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Garrouste C, Juet A, Samson AL. Direct and crowding-out effects of a Hepatitis B vaccination campaign. Econ Hum Biol 2023; 51:101279. [PMID: 37567047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the direct and spillover causal effects of a Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination campaign in French schools on the vaccination adherence of the targeted pupils. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that this campaign created an exogenous shock on vaccination behavior, increasing the HB vaccination rate for children aged 11 and above. At the same time, we show a drop in the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination rate of the targeted pupils and an increase in the parental belief that measles is a benign disease. We interpret these results as a salience effect: the focus on HB vaccination leads to a decrease in the belief that other vaccines are as important. The effect on MMR vaccination was relatively unexpected and may imply a negative externality. Measles is an extremely contagious disease. If the vaccination rate falls, the disease will spread further, raising the question of the net effect of the HB vaccination campaign on the well-being of the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Garrouste
- Université de Lille, CNRS, IESEG School of Management, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Économie Management, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Arthur Juet
- Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University, CNRS, IRD, LEDa, LEGOS; Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 75016 Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Samson
- Université Paris-Panthéon Assas, LEMMA, 4 rue Blaise Desgoffe, 75006 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deng LL, Han YJ, Li ZW, Wang DY, Chen T, Ren X, He GX. Epidemiological characteristics of seven notifiable respiratory infectious diseases in the mainland of China: an analysis of national surveillance data from 2017 to 2021. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:99. [PMID: 37953290 PMCID: PMC10642048 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs) remain a pressing public health concern, posing a significant threat to the well-being and lives of individuals. This study delves into the incidence of seven primary RIDs during the period 2017-2021, aiming to gain deeper insights into their epidemiological characteristics for the purpose of enhancing control and prevention strategies. METHODS Data pertaining to seven notifiable RIDs, namely, seasonal influenza, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), mumps, scarlet fever, pertussis, rubella and measles, in the mainland of China between 2017 and 2021 were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS). Joinpoint regression software was utilized to analyze temporal trends, while SaTScan software with a Poisson probability model was used to assess seasonal and spatial patterns. RESULTS A total of 11,963,886 cases of the seven RIDs were reported during 2017-2021, and yielding a five-year average incidence rate of 170.73 per 100,000 individuals. Among these RIDs, seasonal influenza exhibited the highest average incidence rate (94.14 per 100,000), followed by PTB (55.52 per 100,000), mumps (15.16 per 100,000), scarlet fever (4.02 per 100,000), pertussis (1.10 per 100,000), rubella (0.59 per 100,000), and measles (0.21 per 100,000). Males experienced higher incidence rates across all seven RIDs. PTB incidence was notably elevated among farmers and individuals aged over 65, whereas the other RIDs primarily affected children and students under 15 years of age. The incidences of PTB and measles exhibited a declining trend from 2017 to 2021 (APC = -7.53%, P = 0.009; APC = -40.87%, P = 0.02), while the other five RIDs peaked in 2019. Concerning seasonal and spatial distribution, the seven RIDs displayed distinct characteristics, with variations observed for the same RIDs across different regions. The proportion of laboratory-confirmed cases fluctuated among the seven RIDs from 2017 to 2021, with measles and rubella exhibiting higher proportions and mumps and scarlet fever showing lower proportions. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of PTB and measles demonstrated a decrease in the mainland of China between 2017 and 2021, while the remaining five RIDs reached a peak in 2019. Overall, RIDs continue to pose a significant public health challenge. Urgent action is required to bolster capacity-building efforts and enhance control and prevention strategies for RIDs, taking into account regional disparities and epidemiological nuances. With the rapid advancement of high-tech solutions, the development and effective implementation of a digital/intelligent RIDs control and prevention system are imperative to facilitate precise surveillance, early warnings, and swift responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-le Deng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ya-Jun Han
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Da-Yan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tao Chen
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Xiang Ren
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning On Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Guang-Xue He
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cardenas-Brown C, Lucas RD, Buttery J, Britton PN, Wood N, Singh-Grewal D, Burgner D. Live vaccines following intravenous immunoglobulin for Kawasaki disease: Are we vaccinating appropriately? J Paediatr Child Health 2023; 59:1217-1222. [PMID: 37664891 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Australian and New Zealand guidelines recommend that live vaccines be postponed for 11 months after treatment of Kawasaki disease (KD) with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). We aimed to describe patterns of live-vaccine administration after KD treatment, focusing on the measles-mumps-rubella/measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMR/MMRV) vaccines, and to compare real-world practice with current recommendations. METHODS We combined data from inpatient Electronic Health Records and the Australian Immunisation Register for all children who received IVIG for the treatment of KD under the age of 5 years at two Australian tertiary children's hospitals over a 12-year period. Children who received IVIG <11 months before a scheduled MMR/MMRV were deemed 'at risk' of breaching the guidelines, and those whose subsequent vaccination occurred <11 months after the IVIG were deemed to have 'breached' the guidelines. RESULTS Of those at risk, three-quarters (76%) breached the guidelines for their first MMR/MMRV. Findings were similar (50%-80%) for the second MMR/MMRV dose. CONCLUSIONS The majority of Australian children treated for KD with IVIG may not be optimally protected by MMRV vaccination. Immunisation systems should address this avoidable risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Cardenas-Brown
- Department of Rheumatology, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Randwick and Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan D Lucas
- Department of General Medicine, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Randwick and Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jim Buttery
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Health Analytics, Melbourne Children's Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip N Britton
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Randwick and Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Wood
- Department of General Medicine, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Randwick and Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Davinder Singh-Grewal
- Department of Rheumatology, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Randwick and Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang M, Yuan Q, Deng PF, Fei Y, Zhang H, Zhou F, Chen WJ, Cao Q, Chen J, Gao YJ. Measles, mumps, and rubella revaccination in children after completion of chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single-center prospective efficacy and safety analysis. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1062-1070. [PMID: 37087716 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can damage the immune system, and may result in a loss of protection from infectious diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these treatments on the decrease in antibody titers of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and seroconversion post-revaccination of MMR. METHODS After completion of treatment for primary diseases, participants received an MMR revaccination. Antibody titers for MMR before revaccination were analyzed for all 110 children. After revaccination, 68 participants received a follow-up evaluation of antibody titer and adverse reaction. RESULTS Multivariable analysis showed that therapeutic schedules were the only factor correlated with lack of antibody titers for measles after completing treatment (P = 0.008), while for mumps and rubella, no statistically significant difference was observed. Importantly, our study clearly demonstrated positive seroconversion rates for measles (97.5%), mumps (81.0%), and rubella (93.2%), with antibody levels rising across the board and peaking at around 6 months following revaccination. However, 6 months after revaccination, a downtrend of antibody titer levels was observed, which is comparatively earlier than the waning immunity observed in healthy children. Furthermore, we found MMR revaccination to be safe, with only a single adverse reaction (local pain at the injection site) reported. CONCLUSIONS MMR revaccination is immunogenic for the population. We suggest periodic monitoring of antibody titers, in addition to a booster vaccination, although the optimal timing of booster vaccination remains to be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Peng-Fei Deng
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Yi Fei
- Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Fudan University Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fen Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wen-Juan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yi-Jin Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1678 Dongfang Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ovsyannikova IG, Haralambieva IH, Schaid DJ, Warner ND, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. Genome-wide determinants of cellular immune responses to mumps vaccine. Vaccine 2023; 41:6579-6588. [PMID: 37778899 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously described genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes that are associated with inter-individual variations in antibody responses to mumps vaccination. To expand upon our previous work, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to discover host genetic variants associated with mumps vaccine-induced cellular immune responses. METHODS We performed a GWAS of mumps-specific immune response outcomes (11 secreted cytokines/chemokines) in a cohort of 1,406 subjects. RESULTS Among the 11 cytokine/chemokines we studied, four (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-1β, and TNFα) demonstrated GWAS signals reaching genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10-8). A genomic region (encoding Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins/SIGLEC) located on chromosome 19q13 (p < 5 × 10-8) was associated with both IL-1β and TNFα responses. The SIGLEC5/SIGLEC14 region contained 11 statistically significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including the intronic SIGLEC5 rs872629 (p = 1.3E-11) and rs1106476 (p = 1.32E-11) whose alternate alleles were significantly associated with decreased levels of mumps-specific IL-1β (rs872629, p = 1.77E-09; rs1106476, p = 1.78E-09) and TNFα (rs872629, p = 1.3E-11; rs1106476, p = 1.32E-11) production. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SNPs in the SIGLEC5/SIGLEC14 genes play a role in cellular and inflammatory immune responses to mumps vaccination. These findings motivate further research into the functional roles of SIGLEC genes in the regulation of mumps vaccine-induced immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel J Schaid
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Warner
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mukasa K, Sugawara T, Okutomi Y. Susceptibility of nursery teachers to measles, rubella, varicella and mumps in Japan. Vaccine 2023; 41:6530-6534. [PMID: 37743115 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A guideline published in 2018 by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare stipulated confirmation of the vaccine history of nursery staff members. OBJECT This study was conducted to elucidate nursery teachers' vaccine and infection histories for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella through survey responses. METHOD After sending questionnaires through the mail to 5000 nursery teachers in November 2022, we received responses through December 2022. We measured the proportion of susceptibility in three ways. Additionally, we compared the proportions of susceptibility by disease by age class. RESULTS After receiving 1620 responses in all, the data of 1229 respondents under 50 years old were analyzed. Under the broad definition by which "no answer" was also regarded as unvaccinated or uinfected as well as "unknown," the proportions of susceptibility for measles, rubella, and varicella were higher: 22-23%. For mumps, the proportion was 42%. For varicella, they were 31% for respondents in their 30 s, and 14% for respondents in their 40 s. For mumps, the respective values were 58% and 26%. DISCUSSION Respondents assessed for this study were less susceptible and unknown in comparison with earlier studies investigating health care workers, school teachers, university students, and pregnant women. CONCLUSION The survey revealed that measles and rubella susceptibility was higher among respondents in their 30 s. However, it was higher for varicella and mumps among respondents in their 20 s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Mukasa
- Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Showa Women's University, Japan.
| | - Tamie Sugawara
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Javaid H, Prasad P, De Golovine A, Hasbun R, Jyothula S, Machicao V, Bynon JS, Ostrosky L, Nigo M. Seroprevalence of Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella-Zoster Virus and Seroresponse to the Vaccinations in Adult Solid Organ Transplant Candidates. Transplantation 2023; 107:2279-2284. [PMID: 37309028 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Updating live vaccines such as measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) is an important step in preparing patients for solid organ transplant (SOT) to prevent morbidity from these preventable diseases. However, data for this approach are scarce. Thus, we aimed to describe the seroprevalence of MMRV and the efficacy of the vaccines in our transplant center. METHODS Pre-SOT candidates >18 y of age were retrospectively retrieved from SOT database in Memorial Hermann Hospital Texas Medical Center. MMRV serologies are routinely screened at the time of pretransplant evaluation. We divided patients into 2 groups: MMRV-positive group versus MMRV-negative group, patients with positive all MMRV serologies and with negative immunity to at least 1 dose of MMRV, respectively. RESULTS A total of 1213 patients were identified. Three hundred ninety-four patients (32.4%) did not have immunity to at least 1 dose of MMRV. Multivariate analysis was conducted. Older age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04) and liver transplant candidates (OR: 1.71) were associated with seropositivity. Previous history of SOT (OR: 0.54) and pancreas/kidney transplant candidates (OR: 0.24) were associated with seronegativity. Among 394 MMRV seronegative patients, 60 patients received 1 dose of MMR vaccine and 14 patients received 1 dose of varicella-zoster virus vaccine without severe adverse events. A total of 35% (13/37) of patients who had follow-up serologies did not have a serological response. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of pre-SOT candidates were not immune to at least 1 dose of MMRV. This highlights the importance of MMRV screening and vaccinations pre-SOT. Postvaccination serological confirmation should be performed to evaluate the necessity for a second dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Javaid
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Pooja Prasad
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Aleksandra De Golovine
- Division of Renal Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Rodrigo Hasbun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Soma Jyothula
- Division of Critical Care, Pulmonary, Sleep and Lung Transplant Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Victor Machicao
- Division of Transplant Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - John S Bynon
- Division of Immunology and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Luis Ostrosky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Masayuki Nigo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ugai S, Ugai T, Kanayama T, Kamiya H, Saitoh A, Slopen N. Mumps vaccine hesitancy: Current evidence and an evidence-based campaign in Japan. Vaccine 2023; 41:6036-6041. [PMID: 37640569 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mumps is still endemic in Japan because mumps vaccination is voluntary. In this study, we investigated associations of parental socioeconomic status, family structure, and knowledge/belief about mumps and mumps vaccine with parental decision to vaccinate their children. We also evaluated effectiveness of a campaign based on survey results. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of parents with children aged 1-6 years attending preschools or kindergartens in Tokamachi City, Japan. We assessed the association of parental factors with their decision to vaccinate their children using multivariable logistic regression analyses. We designed a campaign based on the survey results, and compared the number of annual vaccinations at Tokamachi Hospital per the child population aged 1-6 years in Tokamachi City before and after the campaign using a trend test. RESULTS In total, 1391 of 1617 (86%) eligible parents completed the survey. Among these parents, 229 (16%) vaccinated their children. In multivariable analyses, higher parental education [odds ratio (OR) = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.59-3.08; P < 0.001], greater knowledge about mumps and the mumps vaccine (OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.60-2.21; P < 0.001), and living without grandparents (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05-1.99; P = 0.024) were significantly associated with parental decision to vaccinate their children. The number of annual vaccinations per the child population significantly increased following the campaign (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study showed several sociodemographic factors significantly associated with mumps vaccination. Further research is needed to examine the relevance of our findings to the uptake of other voluntary vaccines among children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Ugai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Tokamachi Hospital, Tokamachi, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tetsuya Kanayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokamachi Hospital, Tokamachi, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hajime Kamiya
- Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Natalie Slopen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Punchhi G, Negus R, Saif H, Pritchard S, Owen O, Sehmbi A, Hamm C. Real-world challenges in eligibility for MMR vaccination two years after autologous and allogeneic HSCT. Vaccine 2023; 41:5936-5939. [PMID: 37652820 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Measles outbreaks have raised concerns of fatal infections in immunocompromised patients. Canadian guidelines advise administration of live vaccines, such as measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), two yearsafter hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) yet studies have not assessed eligibility based on medication contraindications. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 72 autologous (auto-HSCT) and 68 allogeneic (allo-HSCT) recipients at the Windsor Regional Cancer Center to determine MMR reactivity and eligibility based on administration of contraindicated medications two years post-HSCT. Reactivity to measles, mumps, and rubella in auto-HSCT recipients was 49.1 %, 28.8 %, and 52.3 %, respectively, and in allo-HSCT recipients was 75.6 %, 57.8 %, and 64.4 %, respectively. Immunity to all three components was significantly different between transplant types (p = 0.0002). Nearly 80 % of auto-HSCT patients were on a contraindicated medication at two years compared to 45 % of allo-HSCT recipients. Auto-HSCT recipients require MMR revaccination, but it is contraindicated in a large proportion of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopika Punchhi
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rainbow Negus
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hammad Saif
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sharon Pritchard
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia Owen
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aman Sehmbi
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline Hamm
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Windsor Regional Cancer Program, Windsor, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Binyatova AS, Yunasova TN, Volkova RA, Butirskiy AY, Ilyasova TN, Sarkisyan KА, Movsesyants AA. [Experience with the use of pharmacopoeial reference material for the activity of measles vaccine]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:327-333. [PMID: 38156589 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the increased incidence of measles in Russia and in many other regions of the world, vaccines for the measles prevention are especially in demand. Ensuring the quality of the measles vaccine for effective disease prevention is within the scope of the tasks of the state policy of our country. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the experience of using a pharmacopoeial standard material of measles vaccine activity for measurement of the specific activity of the measles virus in vaccines with a measles component that are used in the Russian Federation for measles prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS The object of the study was the Pharmacopoeia reference material (PRM) of the activity of the live measles vaccine of series 10. The activity of PRM was analyzed when determining the specific activity of the measles, mumps-measles and combined vaccines for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps, as well as based on the materials of the summary protocols for the production of these vaccines. RESULTS The titer of the measles virus in the PRM for each determination of the specific activity of the measles virus in vaccines in the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products in 2021-2022, as well as according to the summary production protocols, was within the boundaries of the certified value (4.63 ± 0.5) lgTCD50/0.5 ml, and the test results met the acceptance criteria in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation. During the observation period, the average value of the PRM titer (4.61 lgTCD50/0.5 ml) practically did not differ compared to the average value of the certified characteristics of the PRM, the standard deviation of the mean value of the measles virus titer in the PRM did not exceed 0.15 lgTCD50, which indicated the stability of the analytical work at the enterprise and in IC. CONCLUSION The data obtained indicate the stable activity of PRM, the correctness of the determination of the measles virus titer in the vaccination dose of the vaccine, and the validity of the method for monitoring the specific activity of the measles virus in vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Binyatova
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products
| | - T N Yunasova
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products
| | - R A Volkova
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products
| | - A Y Butirskiy
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products
| | - T N Ilyasova
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products
| | - K А Sarkisyan
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products
| | - A A Movsesyants
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Suffel AM, Walker JL, Williamson E, McDonald HI, Warren-Gash C. Timeliness of childhood vaccination in England: A population-based cohort study. Vaccine 2023; 41:5775-5781. [PMID: 37574342 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine surveillance for children in England focuses on coverage at ages 1, 2, and 5 years. Previous studies exploring vaccine timeliness have used different arbitrary categories to define whether vaccines were received 'late' or 'on time'. This paper aims to provide more detailed and holistic information on timing and patterns of vaccine uptake across the childhood immunisation schedule in England. METHODS We included all children born in England between 2006 and 2014 and registered in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum, a primary care electronic health record. We described vaccine uptake for representative antigens (pertussis, pneumococcus, measles) by age in days and stratified by ethnicity, region and birth cohort. Alluvial diagrams were used to illustrate common journeys through the vaccination schedule, and we applied survival analysis using accelerated failure time models (AFT) to predict age of vaccine receipt based on timing of previous doses. RESULTS 573,015 children were followed up until their fifth birthday, when they had 90.16 % coverage for two doses of measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine and 88.78% coverage for four doses of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Overall, the later the age at which a vaccine was due, the more delay in vaccination. Children of Black Ethnicity or from London showed deviating uptake patterns. If a child received their third DTP dose more than a year later than recommended, they would receive the next dose 2.7 times later than a child who was vaccinated on time. A smaller delay was found for children who did not receive first MMR dose on time. DISCUSSION We showed that the risk of vaccination delay increased with the age of the child and significant delay of previous doses. Primary care data can help to promptly identify children at higher risk of delayed vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Suffel
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Health Protection Research Unit in Vaccines and Immunisation at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
| | - Jemma L Walker
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Health Protection Research Unit in Vaccines and Immunisation at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; UK Health Security Agency, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Williamson
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Helen I McDonald
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Health Protection Research Unit in Vaccines and Immunisation at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Warren-Gash
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pomeroy LW, Magsi S, McGill S, Wheeler CE. Mumps epidemic dynamics in the United States before vaccination (1923-1932). Epidemics 2023; 44:100700. [PMID: 37379775 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2023.100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mumps is a vaccine-preventable, reemerging, and highly transmissible infectious disease. Widespread vaccination dramatically reduced cases; however, case counts have been increasing over the past 20 years. To provide a quantitative overview of historical mumps dynamics that can act as baseline information to help identify causes of mumps reemergence, we analyzed timeseries of cases reported from 1923 to 1932 in the United States. During that time, 239,230 mumps cases were reported in 70 cities. Larger cities reported annual epidemics and smaller cities reported intermittent, sporadic outbreaks. The critical community size above which transmission continuously occurred was likely between 365,583 and 781,188 individuals but could range as high as 3,376,438 individuals. Mumps cases increased as city size increased, suggesting density-dependent transmission. Using a density-dependent SEIR model, we calculated a mean effective reproductive number (Re) of 1.2. Re varied by city and over time, with periodic high values that could characterize short periods of very high transmission known as superspreading events. Case counts most often peaked in March, with higher-than-average transmission from December through April and showed a correlation with weekly births. While certain city pairs in Midwestern states had synchronous outbreaks, most outbreaks were less synchronous and not driven by distance between cities. This work demonstrates the importance of long-term infectious disease surveillance data and will inform future studies on mumps reemergence and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Pomeroy
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Translational Data Analytics Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Senya Magsi
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shannon McGill
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Caroline E Wheeler
- Computer & Information Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Taşar S, Taşar MA, Saç RÜ, Alioğlu B. Catch-up vaccination and enhanced immunization against hepatitis B, hepatitis A, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Trop Pediatr 2023; 69:fmad026. [PMID: 37648424 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exist about the vaccination of children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) against vaccine preventable diseases. This study identified the vaccination status of children with ITP against hepatitis A, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella, completed the immunization of children with inadequate immunization, re-evaluated post-vaccination antibody titers and identified probable vaccination-related complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS All of 46 children had chronic ITP were included. Seroconversion of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, varicella, measles, rubella and mumps vaccines was screened. All children with seronegative antibodies against vaccine preventable disease were given a vaccination appointment. Antibody levels were re-measured during a period ranging from 1 to 6 months. Potential complications were detected. RESULTS There were 46 children with a mean age of 12.25 years. All children had chronic ITP and received intravenous immunoglobulin at least once previously. Considering the vaccination status, 50% (23 children) had vaccinations appropriate for their age, 47.8% (22 children) did not know their vaccination status and 2.2% (1 patient) did not have vaccinations. Seven children (15.2%) were seropositive for all antibody types and the remaining 39 children were scheduled for vaccination. Post-vaccination antibody titers confirmed that all children became seropositive for each disease. There was no complication in any patient. CONCLUSION Immunization against hepatitis B, hepatitis A, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella is insufficient in a considerable number of children with ITP, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) immunization being the most frequently inadequate. After immunization, adequate seroconversion levels were achievable without complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serçin Taşar
- Department of Pediatrics, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Medine Ayşin Taşar
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Ünsal Saç
- Department of Pediatrics, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Bülent Alioğlu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hamad Saied M, van Straalen JW, de Roock S, de Joode-Smink GCJ, Verduyn Lunel FM, Swart JF, Wulffraat NM, Jansen MHA. Long-term immunoprotection after live attenuated measles-mumps-rubella booster vaccination in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Vaccine 2023; 41:5477-5482. [PMID: 37516575 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccines, especially live attenuated vaccines, in children with JIA pose a great challenge due to both potential lower immunogenicity and safety as a result of immunosuppressive treatment. For many years, in the Netherlands, JIA patients receive a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) booster vaccine at the age of nine years as part of the national immunization program. OBJECTIVES To study long-term humoral immunoprotection in a large cohort of JIA patients who received the MMR booster vaccine while being treated with immunomodulatory therapies at the Wilhelmina Children's Hospital in Utrecht, the Netherlands. METHODS MMR-specific IgG antibody concentrations in stored serum samples of vaccinated JIA patients were determined with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays (CMIA). Samples were analyzed five years after MMR booster vaccination and at last available follow-up visit using both crude and adjusted analyses. Additional clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS In total, 236 samples from 182 patients were analyzed, including 67 samples that were available five years post-vaccination, and an additional 169 samples available from last visits with a median duration after vaccination of 6.9 years (IQR: 2.8-8.8). Twenty-eight patients were using biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDS) of whom 96% anti-TNF agents and 4% tocilizumab. Percentages of protective antibody levels against measles after five years were significantly lower for patients who used bDMARD therapy at vaccination compared to patients who did not: 60% versus 86% (P = 0.03). For mumps (80% versus 94%) and rubella (60% versus 83%) this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.11 and P = 0.07, respectively). Antibody levels post-vaccination decreased over time, albeit not significantly different between bDMARD users and non-bDMARD users. CONCLUSION The MMR booster vaccine demonstrated long-term immunogenicity in the majority of children with JIA from a large cohort, although lower percentages of protective measles antibody levels were observed in bDMARD users. Hence, it might be indicated to measure antibody levels at least five years after MMR booster vaccination in the latter group and advice an extra booster accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hamad Saied
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Carmel Medical Center, Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Joeri W van Straalen
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sytze de Roock
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrie C J de Joode-Smink
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans M Verduyn Lunel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost F Swart
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nico M Wulffraat
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc H A Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zibolenová J, Hudečková H, Chladná Z, Malobická E, Novák M, Waczulíková I, Mikas J, Mečochová A. Quantification of Waning Immunity After Measles Vaccination-Evidence From a Seroprevalence Study. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1379-1385. [PMID: 36935110 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to quantify rates of waning immunity after measles vaccination from seroprevalence data collected in a study of a population with high vaccination coverage and a fixed vaccination schedule. Data were collected during a national survey (the Immunological Survey) carried out in the Slovak Republic in 2018. The average rate of waning immunity against measles after the first dose of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine (ages 1.5-10 years) was 9.7% per year from the geometric mean titer value of 2,634 mUI/mL. The average waning rate after the second dose of MMR vaccine (ages 10-33 years) was significantly lower: 4.8% per year from the lower geometric mean titer of 1,331 mUI/mL. This decline in antibody levels suggests that vaccine-induced protection may be compromised and results in an increase in the proportion of seronegative/borderline individuals. These outcomes may provide a valuable source for critical assessment of direct and indirect effects of MMR vaccination.
Collapse
|
35
|
Pedranti M, Isa MB, Riberi MI, Hernandez G, Alfaro J, Tenaglia M, Colazo Salbetti MB, Mladin JJ, Nates S, Adamo MP. Measles and Rubella Seroprevalence Among Children and Adolescents of Córdoba, Argentina: A Cross-Section Study in the Context of the Elimination Program. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:429-434. [PMID: 37102675 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined anti-rubella and anti-measles immunoglobulin G (IgG) in 7- to 19-year-old children and adolescents with vaccine only-induced immunity of Córdoba, Argentina, during a 6-month period over 2021-2022. Of the 180 individuals studied, 92.2% and 88.3% were positive for anti-measles and anti-rubella IgG, respectively. No significant differences were found comparing anti-rubella IgG concentrations (p = 0.144) and anti-measles IgG concentrations (p = 0.105) of individuals classified by age, but anti-measles IgG and anti-rubella IgG levels were significantly higher among female individuals compared with males (p = 0.031 and p = 0.036, respectively). Female subjects in the younger age group had higher concentrations of anti-rubella IgG as well (p = 0.020), even when anti-measles IgG concentrations did not differ among female age-subgroups (p = 0.187). In contrast, age subgroups of male individuals did not have significantly different IgG concentrations for rubella (p = 0.745) or measles (p = 0.124). Among samples with discordant results (22/180, 12.6%), 9.1% were negative for rubella but positive for measles; 13.6% were equivocal for rubella and positive for measles; 22.7% were equivocal for rubella and negative for measles, while 54.5% were positive for rubella but negative for measles. The findings indicate a seroprevalence below recommended for preventing measles in the population studied, while they evidence the need for standardization of serological tests for rubella IgG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Pedranti
- Rubella and Parvovirus Laboratory, Institute of Virology ''Dr. J. M. Vanella,'' Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Virology Department, Foundation for the Progress of Medicine, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Beatriz Isa
- Laboratory of Viral Gastroenteritis and Measles, Institute of Virology ''Dr. J. M. Vanella,'' Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Virology Laboratory, Catholic University of Córdoba, Reina Fabiola University Clinic, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Inés Riberi
- Virology Laboratory, Catholic University of Córdoba, Reina Fabiola University Clinic, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Hernandez
- Virology Laboratory, Catholic University of Córdoba, Reina Fabiola University Clinic, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jimena Alfaro
- Virology Laboratory, Catholic University of Córdoba, Reina Fabiola University Clinic, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Tenaglia
- Virology Laboratory, Catholic University of Córdoba, Reina Fabiola University Clinic, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Belén Colazo Salbetti
- Rubella and Parvovirus Laboratory, Institute of Virology ''Dr. J. M. Vanella,'' Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Silvia Nates
- Director of the Institute of Virology, Institute of Virology ''Dr. J. M. Vanella,'' Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Pilar Adamo
- Rubella and Parvovirus Laboratory, Institute of Virology ''Dr. J. M. Vanella,'' Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kia M, Nekooei F, Alipour AH, Hashemi SMA, Salimi V, Fattahi MJ, Lankarani KB, Sarvari J. Investigation of the Seroprevalence of Antimeasles Immunoglobulin G Antibody in Students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:424-428. [PMID: 37566488 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles is an acute, highly contagious disease with a high mortality rate in children. Although vaccination has reduced measles incidence, outbreaks still occur. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of antimeasles immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (Ab) among students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). Four hundred fifty SUMS students were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Information on demographics and measles vaccination history was collected using a questionnaire. Participants were divided into two groups, including A and B, according to routine doses of measles vaccine and the national measles/rubella immunization program. The antimeasles IgG Abs were tested using a commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 48 years, with a mean age of 22.2 (±4.3). Fifty percent of the subjects were male. Our results showed that 63.6% of the cases were positive for antimeasles IgG Abs. The seroprevalence of IgG Abs between groups A and B did not differ significantly (p = 0.612). There was also no significant correlation between the seroprevalence of antimeasles IgG Abs and the age (p = 0.43) or sex (p = 0.24) of the subjects. The results showed that the frequency of antimeasles IgG Abs is lower than required to prevent the measles virus from circulating. Therefore, a booster vaccination may be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kia
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nekooei
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Alipour
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Fattahi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Haslund MM, Sørensen JK, Graff Stensballe L. Genetics and measles, mumps and rubella vaccine response in childhood and adolescence-A systematic review. Scand J Immunol 2023; 97:e13266. [PMID: 38157324 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) are contagious infectious diseases that can be prevented by immunization. However, MMR infections can occur in previously immunized individuals. The vaccine response is, among other factors, influenced by the combined effects of many genes. This systematic review investigates the genetic influence on measles, mumps and rubella antibody responses after childhood vaccination. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), systematic literature searches were conducted in the medical databases PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Search strings were adjusted for each database. Citations were included if they measured and compared the immune response with immunogenetics after vaccination with a vaccine containing one or more of the following components: measles, mumps and/or rubella, MMR. The measure of vaccine response studied was antibodies after vaccination. Forty-eight articles were included in the final analysis. The results suggest that genetic determinants, including host genes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in immune-related genes influence the MMR antibody responses after vaccination. Specifically, replicated associations were found between HLA, CD46, RARB, IRF9, EIF2AK2, cytokine genes and MMR vaccine-induced humoral immune responses. This knowledge can be useful in understanding and predicting immune responses and may have implications for future vaccine strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mykløy Haslund
- The Child and Adolescent Clinic, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital "Rigshospitalet", 9-Blegdamsvej, DK-2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kiehn Sørensen
- The Child and Adolescent Clinic, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital "Rigshospitalet", 9-Blegdamsvej, DK-2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Lone Graff Stensballe
- The Child and Adolescent Clinic, The Juliane Marie Center, The Danish National University Hospital "Rigshospitalet", 9-Blegdamsvej, DK-2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Doggen K, van Hoek AJ, Luyten J. Accounting for Adverse Events Following Immunization in Economic Evaluation: Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations of Pediatric Vaccines Against Pneumococcus, Rotavirus, Human Papillomavirus, Meningococcus and Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella. Pharmacoeconomics 2023; 41:481-497. [PMID: 36809673 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Economic evaluations of vaccines should accurately represent all relevant economic and health consequences of vaccination, including losses due to adverse events following immunization (AEFI). We investigated to what extent economic evaluations of pediatric vaccines account for AEFI, which methods are used to do so and whether inclusion of AEFI is associated with study characteristics and the vaccine's safety profile. METHODS A systematic literature search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Systematic Reviews and Trials, Database of the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination of the University of York, EconPapers, Paediatric Economic Database Evaluation, Tufts New England Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, Tufts New England Global Health CEA, International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment Database) was performed for economic evaluations published between 2014 and 29 April 2021 (date of search) pertaining to the five groups of pediatric vaccines licensed in Europe and the United States since 1998: the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, the meningococcal vaccines (MCV), the measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) combination vaccines, the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) and the rotavirus vaccines (RV). Rates of accounting for AEFI were calculated, stratified by study characteristics (e.g., region, publication year, journal impact factor, level of industry involvement) and triangulated with the vaccine's safety profile (Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP] recommendations and information on safety-related product label changes). The studies accounting for AEFI were analyzed in terms of the methods used to account for both cost and effect implications of AEFI. RESULTS We identified 112 economic evaluations, of which 28 (25%) accounted for AEFI. This proportion was significantly higher for MMRV (80%, four out of five evaluations), MCV (61%, 11 out of 18 evaluations) and RV (60%, nine out of 15 evaluations) compared to HPV (6%, three out of 53 evaluations) and PCV (5%, one out of 21 evaluations). No other study characteristics were associated with a study's likelihood of accounting for AEFI. Vaccines for which AEFI were more frequently accounted for also had a higher frequency of label changes and a higher level of attention to AEFI in ACIP recommendations. Nine studies accounted for both the cost and health implications of AEFI, 18 studies considered only costs and one only health outcomes. While the cost impact was usually estimated based on routine billing data, the adverse health impact of AEFI was usually estimated based on assumptions. DISCUSSION Although (mild) AEFI were demonstrated for all five studied vaccines, only a quarter of reviewed studies accounted for these, mostly in an incomplete and inaccurate manner. We provide guidance on which methods to use to better quantify the impact of AEFI on both costs and health outcomes. Policymakers should be aware that the impact of AEFI on cost-effectiveness is likely to be underestimated in the majority of economic evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kris Doggen
- Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Belgian Intermutualistic Agency, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Albert Jan van Hoek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Luyten
- Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rana MS, Usman M, Alam MM, Tahir M, Ikram A, Zaidi SSZ, Kashif M, Umair M, Anas M, Ullah N, Salman M. The emergence of mumps after the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan: Time to consider MMR vaccination strategies. J Infect 2023; 86:e133-e134. [PMID: 36709841 PMCID: PMC9897973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman Rana
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Masroor Alam
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Federal General Hospital, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muqarrab Kashif
- World Health Organization, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Massab Umair
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anas
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ullah
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Park Road, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shiga H, Takahashi T, Shiraki M, Kojima Y, Tsuji T, Takagi S, Hiramoto K, Yokoyama N, Sugimura M, Iwabuchi M, Endo K, Onodera M, Sato Y, Shimodaira Y, Nomura E, Kikuchi T, Chiba H, Oomori S, Kudo H, Kumada K, Nagaie S, Ogishima S, Nagami F, Shimoyama Y, Moroi R, Kuroha M, Kakuta Y, Ishige T, Kinouchi Y, Masamune A. Reduced antiviral seropositivity among patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with immunosuppressive agents. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:360-367. [PMID: 36222610 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2132831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although live-attenuated vaccines are contraindicated under immunosuppression, the immune status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully assessed prior to immunosuppressive therapy. AIMS To investigate antiviral serostatus against viruses requiring live vaccines for prevention in IBD patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS This multicenter study included IBD patients who were aged <40 years and were treated with thiopurine monotherapy, molecular-targeted monotherapy, or combination therapy. Gender- and age-matched healthy subjects (HS) living in the same areas were included as control group. Antibody titers against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS A total of 437 IBD patients (163 ulcerative colitis [UC] and 274 Crohn's disease [CD]) and 225 HS were included in the final analysis. Compared with HS, IBD patients had lower seropositivity rates for measles (IBD vs. HS = 83.91% vs. 85.33%), rubella (77.55% vs. 84.89%), mumps (37.50% vs. 37.78%), and varicella (91.26% vs. 96.44%). Gender- and age-adjusted seropositivity rates were lower in UC patients than in both CD patients and HS for measles (UC, CD, and HS = 81.60%, 85.29%, and 85.33%), rubella (76.40%, 78.23%, and 84.89%), mumps (27.16%, 43.70%, and 37.78%), and varicella (90.80%, 91.54%, and 96.44%); the difference was significant for all viruses except measles. Divided by the degree of immunosuppression, there were no significant differences in seropositivity rates among IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS IBD patients, especially those with UC, exhibit reduced seropositivity rates and may benefit from screening prior to the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Shiga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Manabu Shiraki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita City Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Keiichiro Hiramoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, South Miyagi Medical Center, Ohgawara, Japan
| | - Naonobu Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Iwate Prefectural Iwai Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan
| | - Mikako Sugimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, NHO Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwabuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, NHO Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsuya Endo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Onodera
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaki Citizen Hospital, Osaki, Japan
| | - Yuichirou Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaki Citizen Hospital, Osaki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimodaira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Eiki Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Iwate Prefectural Isawa Hospital, Oshu, Japan
| | - Shinya Oomori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Kudo
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kumada
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaie
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Soichi Ogishima
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fuji Nagami
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Iwate Prefectural Isawa Hospital, Oshu, Japan
| | - Rintaro Moroi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masatake Kuroha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishige
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kinouchi
- Student Health Care Center, Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vizzotti C, Harris JB, Aquino A, Rancaño C, Biscayart C, Bonaventura R, Pontoriero A, Baumeister E, Freire MC, Magariños M, Duarte B, Grant G, Reef S, Laven J, Wannemuehler KA, Alvarez AMR, Staples JE. Immune response to co-administration of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), and yellow fever vaccines: a randomized non-inferiority trial among one-year-old children in Argentina. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:165. [PMID: 36932346 PMCID: PMC10021967 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In yellow fever (YF) endemic areas, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), and YF vaccines are often co-administered in childhood vaccination schedules. Because these are live vaccines, we assessed potential immune interference that could result from co-administration. METHODS We conducted an open-label, randomized non-inferiority trial among healthy 1-year-olds in Misiones Province, Argentina. Children were randomized to one of three groups (1:1:1): Co-administration of MMR and YF vaccines (MMR1YF1), MMR followed by YF vaccine four weeks later (MMR1YF2), or YF followed by MMR vaccine four weeks later (YF1MMR2). Blood samples obtained pre-vaccination and 28 days post-vaccination were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against measles, mumps, and rubella, and for YF virus-specific neutralizing antibodies. Non-inferiority in seroconversion was assessed using a -5% non-inferiority margin. Antibody concentrations were compared with Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Of 851 randomized children, 738 were correctly vaccinated, had ≥ 1 follow-up sample, and were included in the intention-to-treat population. Non-inferior seroconversion was observed for all antigens (measles seroconversion: 97.9% in the MMR1YF1 group versus 96.3% in the MMR1YF2 group, a difference of 1.6% [90% CI -1.5, 4.7]; rubella: 97.9% MMR1YF1 versus 94.7% MMR1YF2, a difference of 3.3% [-0.1, 6.7]; mumps: 96.7% MMR1YF1 versus 97.9% MMR1YF2, a difference of -1.3% [-4.1, 1.5]; and YF: 96.3% MMR1YF1 versus 97.5% YF1MMR2, a difference of -1.2% [-4.2, 1.7]). Rubella antibody concentrations and YF titers were significantly lower following co-administration; measles and mumps concentrations were not impacted. CONCLUSION Effective seroconversion was achieved and was not impacted by the co-administration, although antibody levels for two antigens were lower. The impact of lower antibody levels needs to be weighed against missed opportunities for vaccination to determine optimal timing for MMR and YF vaccine administration. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03368495) on 11/12/2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vizzotti
- Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles, Ministerio de Salud de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer B Harris
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Analía Aquino
- Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles, Ministerio de Salud de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Rancaño
- Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles, Ministerio de Salud de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Biscayart
- Dirección de Control de Enfermedades Inmunoprevenibles, Ministerio de Salud de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Bonaventura
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Pontoriero
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elsa Baumeister
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Cecilia Freire
- Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos Malbrán" (ANLIS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Magariños
- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Blanca Duarte
- Programa Provincial Regular de Inmunizaciones, Ministerio de Salud de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Gavin Grant
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan Reef
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Janeen Laven
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kathleen A Wannemuehler
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - J Erin Staples
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim C, Yin Z, Kamdar N, Stidham R. Vaccination Against Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Incident Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a National Cohort of Privately Insured Children. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:430-436. [PMID: 35986719 PMCID: PMC9977230 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection is believed to be a potential trigger for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Whether vaccination against childhood infections including measles, mumps, and rubella may reduce risk of IBD is uncertain. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using de-identified claims data from a national private payer (Optum Clinformatics Data Mart). Eligible infants were born between 2001 and 2018 and were continuously enrolled with medical and pharmacy coverage from birth for at least 2 years (n = 1 365 447). Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination or MMR is administered beginning at 12 months of age. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to compare time with incident disease in children by category of vaccination, after adjustment for sex, birth year, region of country, history of allergy to vaccines, and seizure history. RESULTS The incidence of early pediatric IBD increased between 2001 and 2018. Ten percent (n = 141 230) of infants did not receive MMR, and 90% (n = 1 224 125) received at least 1 dose of MMR. There were 334 cases of IBD, 219 cases of Crohn's disease, and 164 cases of ulcerative colitis. Children who had received at least 1 dose of MMR had lower risk for IBD than children who did not (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.85). These associations did not change after further adjustment for childhood comorbid conditions, preterm birth, or older siblings affected with IBD. Similar associations were observed for MMR with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, although these did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION MMR is associated with decreased risk for childhood IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kim
- Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhe Yin
- Institute for Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Neil Kamdar
- Institute for Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ryan Stidham
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Casabona G, Berton O, Singh T, Knuf M, Bonanni P. Combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine and febrile convulsions: the risk considered in the broad context. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:764-776. [PMID: 37642012 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2252065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies on quadrivalent measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccines have indicated a twofold increased relative risk of febrile convulsion (FC) after the first dose compared to MMR and V administered at the same medical visit (MMR+V). AREAS COVERED This narrative review contextualizes FC occurrence after the first MMRV vaccine dose from a clinical perspective and outlines approaches to attenuate FC occurrence post-vaccination. EXPERT OPINION While the relative FC risk increases after the first dose of MMRV compared to MMR+V vaccine in measles-naïve infants, the attributable risk is low versus the overall FC risk in the pediatric population triggered by other causes, like natural exposure to pathogens or routine vaccination. No increased risk of FC has been reported after MMRV co-administration with other routine vaccines compared to MMRV alone. Based on our findings and considering the MMRV vaccination benefits (fewer injections, higher coverage, better vaccination compliance), the overall benefit-risk profile of MMRV vaccine is considered to remain positive. Potential occurrence of FC in predisposed children (e.g. with personal/family history of FC) may be attenuated if they receive MMR+V instead of MMRV as the first dose. It is also important to monitor vaccinees for fever during the first 2 weeks post-vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Markus Knuf
- Department for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, General Hospital Worms, General Hospital Worms, Worms, Germany
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Medicine, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paolo Bonanni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Çakmak F, Akgün Ö, Demirkan FG, Tanatar A, Kayaalp GK, Keskindemirci G, Guliyeva V, Ömeroğlu RE, Gökçay EG, Ayaz NA. Live-attenuated measles, mumps, and rubella booster vaccine in children diagnosed with rheumatic disease: A single-center study. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:135-140. [PMID: 36224436 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the safety profile of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) booster in children diagnosed with rheumatic diseases receiving biological agents. The study included retrospective safety data of children administered MMR booster dose receiving biologics or biologics with methotrexate. The files of 182 patients were accessed from the pediatric rheumatology biological therapy archive, and the vaccination status of these children was obtained by accessing electronic records. Of 182 patients, 14 patients were vaccinated with MMR booster dose. Thirteen of the patients were followed up with a diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and one with colchicine-resistant familial Mediterranean fever. None of the patients had disease exacerbation after vaccination, and three patients had mild side effects consisting of rash, angioedema, joint pain, and fatigue. Conclusion: This study supports the data regarding evidence of the safety of MMR booster dose administration in children with rheumatic diseases receiving bDMARDs. What is Known: • MMR booster is avoided in immunocompromised pediatric patients receiving bDMARDs except in specific conditions. What is New: • The MMR booster dose may be safe in children with PedRD receiving bDMARDs or bDMARDs with MTX. These bullets can be added to the manuscript.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Figen Çakmak
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Akgün
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gül Demirkan
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Tanatar
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Kavrul Kayaalp
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonca Keskindemirci
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vafa Guliyeva
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Eker Ömeroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Gülbin Gökçay
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuray Aktay Ayaz
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Firman N, Marszalek M, Gutierrez A, Homer K, Williams C, Harper G, Dostal I, Ahmed Z, Robson J, Dezateux C. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on timeliness and equity of measles, mumps and rubella vaccinations in North East London: a longitudinal study using electronic health records. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066288. [PMID: 36456017 PMCID: PMC9723415 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the timeliness of, and geographical and sociodemographic inequalities in, receipt of first measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination. DESIGN Longitudinal study using primary care electronic health records. SETTING 285 general practices in North East London. PARTICIPANTS Children born between 23 August 2017 and 22 September 2018 (pre-pandemic cohort) or between 23 March 2019 and 1 May 2020 (pandemic cohort). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Receipt of timely MMR vaccination between 12 and 18 months of age. METHODS We used logistic regression to estimate the ORs (95% CIs) of receipt of a timely vaccination adjusting for sex, deprivation, ethnic background and Clinical Commissioning Group. We plotted choropleth maps of the proportion receiving timely vaccinations. RESULTS Timely MMR receipt fell by 4.0% (95% CI: 3.4% to 4.6%) from 79.2% (78.8% to 79.6%) to 75.2% (74.7% to 75.7%) in the pre-pandemic (n=33 226; 51.3% boys) and pandemic (n=32 446; 51.4%) cohorts, respectively. After adjustment, timely vaccination was less likely in the pandemic cohort (0.79; 0.76 to 0.82), children from black (0.70; 0.65 to 0.76), mixed/other (0.77; 0.72 to 0.82) or with missing (0.77; 0.74 to 0.81) ethnic background, and more likely in girls (1.07; 1.03 to 1.11) and those from South Asian backgrounds (1.39; 1.30 to 1.48). Children living in the least deprived areas were more likely to receive a timely MMR (2.09; 1.78 to 2.46) but there was no interaction between cohorts and deprivation (Wald statistic: 3.44; p=0.49). The proportion of neighbourhoods where less than 60% of children received timely vaccination increased from 7.5% to 12.7% during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant fall in timely MMR receipt and increased geographical clustering of measles susceptibility in an area of historically low and inequitable MMR coverage. Immediate action is needed to avert measles outbreaks and support primary care to deliver timely and equitable vaccinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Firman
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Milena Marszalek
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ana Gutierrez
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kate Homer
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Crystal Williams
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gill Harper
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Isabel Dostal
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Zaheer Ahmed
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John Robson
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Carol Dezateux
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Krow-Lucal E, Marin M, Shepersky L, Bahta L, Loehr J, Dooling K. Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccine (PRIORIX): Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:1465-1470. [PMID: 36395065 PMCID: PMC9707358 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7146a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the main means for preventing measles, mumps, and rubella virus infections and their related complications (1,2). Achieving and maintaining high 2-dose measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination coverage in the United States has led to elimination of endemic measles in 2000, rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in 2004, and a sharp decrease in mumps cases. However, measles and rubella remain endemic in many countries, leading to importations of cases and occasional local transmission within the United States (3). Reported U.S. mumps cases declined >99% from the prevaccine period (4); however, mumps is endemic worldwide, and since 2006, the number of mumps cases and mumps outbreaks has increased in the United States, with wider geographic spread since 2016 (4). Given the risk for importation of measles and rubella and the resurgence of mumps, maintaining high measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage is important. Since 1978, only one MMR vaccine, M-M-R II (Merck and Co., Inc.), has been available in the United States. On June 6, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration approved a second MMR vaccine, PRIORIX (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals), for the prevention of measles, mumps, and rubella in persons aged ≥12 months. The three live attenuated viruses contained in PRIORIX are genetically similar or identical to the corresponding components in M-M-R II (Table) (5-7). On June 23, 2022, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) unanimously recommended PRIORIX as an option to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella according to the existing recommended schedules and for off-label uses (i.e., indications not included in the package insert)* (1,2). ACIP considered PRIORIX to be safe, immunogenic, and noninferior to M-M-R II. Both PRIORIX and M-M-R II are fully interchangeable for all indications for which MMR vaccination is recommended. This report contains ACIP recommendations specific to PRIORIX and supplements the existing ACIP recommendations for MMR use (1,2).
Collapse
|
47
|
Isba R, Brennan L, Davies N, Knight J. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination coverage in children younger than 5 years attending a paediatric emergency department in Manchester, UK: a cross-sectional observational study. Lancet 2022; 400 Suppl 1:S51. [PMID: 36929997 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2019, the UK lost its WHO measles-free status, due to circulating measles virus and suboptimal coverage with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. The National Health Service (NHS) schedule recommends MMR vaccines at age 12 and 40 months. In England in 2020-21, MMR coverage did not meet the 95% target for herd immunity. This work is part of a project to develop a vaccination intervention delivered in the paediatric emergency department (PED). The aim of this study was to quantify unmet MMR-related vaccination need among PED attendees. METHODS This cross-sectional, single-centre observational study collected data on children (aged 1-5 years) attending a large district general PED in Greater Manchester, UK, from Oct 1 to Oct 31, 2021, with data collected on a single occasion. Ethics approval was for an opt-out approach. Vaccination data were extracted from individual electronic summary care records, as part of the primary care record visible within secondary care. Coverage in the study population was compared with data for the northwest of England from the Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly surveillance scheme for the period April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. χ2 tests were used to examine differences in proportions vaccinated. FINDINGS 1059 children aged 1-5 years attended the PED in October, 2021, and data for 977 children were included in this study. Among all children, 638 (65·3%) had at least one dose of MMR recorded in their summary care record. The most similar regional comparator was first-dose MMR by the age of 5 years, which was administered in 86 678 (95·2%) of 91 023 children in 2020-21 (p<0·0001). In our cohort, among eligible children older than 40 months (n=339), only 66 (19·5%) had received both MMR doses, compared with regional coverage (by age 5 years) in 79 535 (87·4%) of 91 023 children (p<0·0001). A power calculation showed 577 participants were needed to detect a 5% difference in second-dose MMR. INTERPRETATION Children younger than 5 years attending the PED had low rates of age-appropriate MMR vaccination coverage, suggesting considerable unmet need in these PED attendees. Other work within this project looks at tetanus coverage and sources of vaccination data. FUNDING None.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Isba
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK; North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Louise Brennan
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
| | - Nigel Davies
- School of Computing and Communication, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jo Knight
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liman AYJ, Wozniak LJ, de St Maurice A, Dunkel GL, Wanlass EM, Venick RS, McDiarmid SV. Low post-transplant measles and varicella titers among pediatric liver transplant recipients: A 10-year single-center study. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14322. [PMID: 35582739 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine preventable illnesses are important sources of morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs in pediatric LT recipients. Our aim was to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies to measles and VZV in this population. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of 44 patients who received LT before age 18 at UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital from January 2008 to December 2017. RESULTS Median age at transplantation was 2.5 years (IQR 1.2-7.7). Post-transplant measles antibodies were present in 17 of 37 patients (46%); risk factors for seronegativity included younger age at transplant (p = .02) and greater time from transplant to testing (p = .04). Post-transplant VZV antibodies were present in 17 of 39 patients (44%); risk factors for seronegativity included greater time from transplant to testing (p = .04). 6 of 16 patients (38%) who tested positive for pre-transplant VZV antibodies tested negative after transplantation. Fourteen of 20 patients (70%) with at least 1 documented dose of the MMR vaccine tested positive for post-transplant measles antibodies. Ten of 20 of patients (50%) with at least 1 documented dose of the VZV vaccine tested positive for post-transplant VZV antibodies. We also describe 10 patients who received post-transplant measles and VZV vaccines without documented complications. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that pediatric LT patients are at greater risk of contracting measles and VZV despite vaccination status, and that prevalence of measles and VZV antibodies decreases as time from transplantation increases. This should weigh into the institutional risk-benefit assessment when deciding whether or not to administer LAVs to these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y J Liman
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Laura J Wozniak
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Annabelle de St Maurice
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregory L Dunkel
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emy M Wanlass
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert S Venick
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sue V McDiarmid
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yang YY, Tang SW, Tang W, Fan JL, Li Z, Yang JW, Ren J, Li CS. [Antibody levels of measles, rubella and mumps viruses in healthy population in Shanghai from 2010 to 2020]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 56:1095-1100. [PMID: 35922237 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20211116-01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine IgG antibody levels of measles, rubella, mumps in healthy population in Shanghai from 2010 to 2020 and analyze the trend of antibody changes in different age groups. Methods: 10 828 healthy people without measles, rubella and mumps in Shanghai were included in the study from 2010 to 2020. Serum samples were collected from 12 age groups, and the serum IgG antibody of measles, rubella and mumps were detected by ELISA. The difference of antibody positive rates and antibody levels were analyzed. Results: The median age M (Q1, Q3) of 10 828 objects were 8 years old (9 months old, 20 years old). Males accounted for 48.34% (5 234/10 828) and females accounted for 50.92% (5 514/10 828). Unknown gender information accounted for 0.74% (80/10 828), and 27.03% (2 927/10 828) of participants had unknown MMR immunization history. The total positive rates of measles, rubella and mumps IgG antibody were 76.78%, 64.46% and 64.29% and their GMCs were 541.45 mIU/ml, 31.76 IU/ml and 133.73 U/ml respectively. There were significant differences in serum IgG antibody GMC of measles, rubella and mumps in each year (Fmeasles=180.74, P<0.001; Frubella=189.95, P<0.001; Fmumps=122.40, P<0.001). The positive rate of measles antibody was higher than that of rubella and mumps, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=518.09, P<0.001). Conclusion: The level of measles IgG antibody in healthy people in Shanghai is higher, while the level of rubella and mumps IgG antibody is slightly lower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biological Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - S W Tang
- Department of Pathogen Biological Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - W Tang
- Department of Pathogen Biological Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - J L Fan
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai Minhang District Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201101, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Pathogen Biological Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - J W Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biological Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - J Ren
- Department of Pathogen Biological Detection, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - C S Li
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Moyer-Gusé E, Rader K, Lavis S. Transportation into an Entertainment Narrative about the MMR Vaccine: An Investigation of Self-Referencing and Issue-Related Thoughts in Narrative Persuasion. J Health Commun 2022; 27:585-592. [PMID: 36314638 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2138641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study considers how an entertainment narrative about childhood vaccination influences related attitudes. We consider the role of counterarguing in narrative persuasion by integrating extant research and theory to test cognitive mechanisms of narrative persuasion, namely self-referencing and positive issue-related thoughts. Results of this experiment show that exposure to a television narrative depicting the importance of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine led to more favorable attitudes toward childhood vaccination as compared to a control group. As expected by narrative persuasion theorizing, transportation into the narrative predicted vaccine attitudes. In contrast to typical theorizing and some empirical results, counterarguing did not mediate that relationship, however, self-referencing and positive issue-related thinking did. Theoretical contributions and suggestions for future research expanding our understanding of issue-related thoughts are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Moyer-Gusé
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, 43210-1339, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kara Rader
- NORC, The University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Simon Lavis
- Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK
| |
Collapse
|