1
|
Wolfe CM, Barry A, Campos A, Farham B, Achu D, Juma E, Kalu A, Impouma B. Control, elimination, and eradication efforts for neglected tropical diseases in the World Health Organization African region over the last 30 years: A scoping review. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 141:106943. [PMID: 38266976 PMCID: PMC10927616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES NTDs historically receive less attention than other diseases in the same regions. Recent gap analyses revealed notable shortcomings despite NTD elimination progress. This systematic scoping review was conducted to understand NTD control, elimination, and eradication efforts in the WHO African region over the last 30 years. METHODS Peer-reviewed publications from PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases related to NTD control, elimination, and eradication in the WHO African Region from 1990 to 2022 were reviewed. Included articles were categorized based on NTD; study location, type, and period; and topic areas. Technical and guidance documents from WHO, UN, partner, and academic/research institutions were reviewed. Country-specific multi-year NTD master plans were documented. RESULTS Four hundred eighty peer-reviewed articles, six Cochrane reviews, and 134 technical reports were included. MDA and non-interventional/survey-related studies were common topics. Lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, schistosomiasis, and onchocerciasis were the most frequently studied NTDs. Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Nigeria were the most represented countries; multi-country studies were limited. CONCLUSION The review highlights progress made in NTD control, elimination, and eradication efforts in the WHO African Region and can inform national/regional strategies. Disease and geographical disparities were evident, warranting focus and research in certain countries. A standardized approach to NTD control programs is needed for sustained progress. FUNDING There was no funding source for this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Wolfe
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo; University of South Florida College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Abbie Barry
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Adriana Campos
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo; University of South Florida College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bridget Farham
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Dorothy Achu
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Elizabeth Juma
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Akpaka Kalu
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Benido Impouma
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, B.P. 06 Cité de Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adjorlolo S, Adimado EE, Setordzi M, Akorli VV. Prevalence, assessment and correlates of mental health problems in neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review. Int Health 2024; 16:i12-i21. [PMID: 38547348 PMCID: PMC10977955 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of disease conditions that affect the world's poorest people in low- and middle-income countries. NTDs are associated with negative behavioural experiences, including discrimination, rejection and stigmatization, that predisposes those affected to mental health problems. Consequently, researchers have shown profound interest in elucidating the mental health burden associated with NTDs. To address pertinent issues in the burgeoning literature relating to the prevalence, assessment and correlates of mental health problems in NTDs, a systematic review methodology was used. Underpinned by the PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted of electronic databases, individual journals and bibliographies for articles that were screened and subjected to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixteen articles from African, Asian and South American countries were included in the review. Depression was the most widely investigated mental health issue, followed by stress and anxiety, with prevalence estimates of 7-54%, 8-43% and 19-53%, respectively. The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and Self-Reporting Questionnaire were the most widely administered mental health screening tools. The major correlates of mental health problems are lower education and economic status and female gender. We recommend multisectoral and multilayered mental health and related interventions to address the increasing burden of mental health in NTDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adjorlolo
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Research and Grant Institute of Ghana. P.O. Box LG 1004, Legon Post Office, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emma Efua Adimado
- Department of Research, Education and Administration, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mawuko Setordzi
- Department of Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vincent Valentine Akorli
- Department of Nursing, School of Science and Technology, Knutsford University College, Accra, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Satapathy P, Kaur G, Asumah MN, Ainavi II, Rustagi S, Pradhan KB, Al-Qaim ZH, Sah R, Padhi BK. Fighting the neglected tropical disease: Cameroon's battle against river blindness. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:e1-e2. [PMID: 37861331 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prakasini Satapathy
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Gurmanjeet Kaur
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala 147001 Punjab, India
| | - Mubarick Nungbaso Asumah
- Ministry of Health, Nurses' and Midwives' Training College, P.O. Box 565, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
| | - Isah Idris Ainavi
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Keerti Bhusan Pradhan
- Department of Healthcare Management, Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University Punjab, Patiala 140401, India
| | - Zahraa Haleem Al-Qaim
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu 46000, Nepal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411000, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bijaya K Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Berger M. Amidst spreading infectious diseases and climate change, US FDA should renew its focus on neglected tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012005. [PMID: 38512813 PMCID: PMC10956791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Berger
- US Federal Government, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Masiyiwa T, Bockarie MJ. Ending lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis in Africa: Reasons for hope. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 140:102-103. [PMID: 38280664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moses John Bockarie
- College of Medical Sciences, Njala University, Bo Campus, Sierra Leone; International Society for Infectious Diseases.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Long neglected, Lassa fever is surging in West Africa. Researchers want to know why.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nacher M, Françoise U, Adenis A. ChatGPT neglects a neglected disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:e76. [PMID: 38211603 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nacher
- CIC Inserm 1424, Amazonian Institute of Population Health, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana.
| | - Ugo Françoise
- CIC Inserm 1424, Amazonian Institute of Population Health, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Antoine Adenis
- CIC Inserm 1424, Amazonian Institute of Population Health, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Burki T. Noma a neglected tropical disease, says WHO. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:e89-e90. [PMID: 38280401 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
|
9
|
The Lancet Global Health. Noma: neglected no more? Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e170. [PMID: 38245102 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
|
10
|
Oyeyemi OT, Ogundahunsi O, Schunk M, Fatem RG, Shollenberger LM. Neglected tropical disease (NTD) diagnostics: current development and operations to advance control. Pathog Glob Health 2024; 118:1-24. [PMID: 37872790 PMCID: PMC10769148 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2023.2272095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have become important public health threats that require multi-faceted control interventions. As late treatment and management of NTDs contribute significantly to the associated burdens, early diagnosis becomes an important component for surveillance and planning effective interventions. This review identifies common NTDs and highlights the progress in the development of diagnostics for these NTDs. Leveraging existing technologies to improve NTD diagnosis and improving current operational approaches for deployment of developed diagnostics are crucial to achieving the 2030 NTD elimination target. Point-of-care NTD (POC-NTD) diagnostic tools are recommended preferred diagnostic options in resource-constrained areas for mapping risk zones and monitoring treatment efficacy. However, few are currently available commercially. Technical training of remote health care workers on the use of POC-NTD diagnostics, and training of health workers on the psychosocial consequences of these diagnostics are critical in harnessing POC-NTD diagnostic potential. While the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the possibility of achieving NTD elimination in 2030 due to the disruption of healthcare services and dwindling financial support for NTDs, the possible contribution of NTDs in exacerbating COVID-19 pandemic should motivate NTD health system strengthening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oyetunde T. Oyeyemi
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Virginia, USA
| | - Olumide Ogundahunsi
- The Central Office for Research and Development (CORD), University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Mirjam Schunk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU) institution, Munich, Germany
| | - Ramzy G. Fatem
- Schistosome Biological Supply Center, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Molyneux DH. Mental health and neglected tropical diseases - the neglected dimension of burden: identifying the challenges and understanding the burden. Int Health 2023; 15:iii3-iii6. [PMID: 38118153 PMCID: PMC10732677 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health co-morbidity and the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) has been highlighted as a major component of the ill health. The impact of mental illness is considered to be significantly underestimated in the calculations of the overall Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). This commentary discusses the DALY burden of anxiety, depression and associated stigma of NTDs. The economic losses incurred as a result of mental health conditions is assessed, and the impact on caregivers and families. It recommends that mental health care is incorporated into NTDs programme planning and implementation. Priority research is the estimation of the NTD burden of depressive and anxiety disorders and neuropsychiatric conditions of NTDs and an evaluation of the economic costs of mental illness derived from NTDs causation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Molyneux
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seekles ML, Kadima JK, Ding Y, Bulambo CB, Kim JJ, Kukola JK, Omumbu POL, Mulamba RM, Nganda M, Ngenyibungi SM, Ngondu FL, Sabuni LP, Dean L. Mental health, stigma and the quality of life of people affected by neglected tropical diseases of the skin in Kasai Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a sex-disaggregated analysis. Int Health 2023; 15:iii28-iii36. [PMID: 38118158 PMCID: PMC10732685 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, persons affected by skin Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) may experience stigma and discrimination, which could lead to impaired societal functioning and poor mental wellbeing. Evidence of comorbidity of NTDs and mental health conditions is dominated by Leprosy, largely lacking in post-conflict areas, and rarely disaggregated by sex. METHODS This cross-sectional survey is the first to explore depression, anxiety, stigma, and quality of life amongst people affected by Lymphatic Filariasis, Buruli Ulcer, Onchocerciasis or Leprosy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. After a census through active case identification, the survey was completed by 118 persons (response rate 94.4%). RESULTS In total, 58.3% of men and 80.0% of women screened positive for major depressive disorder (PHQ-9). Symptoms indicative of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD-7) were displayed by 54.8% of men and 62.2% of women. Being female, having a disability, experiencing stigma and lower physical quality of life were predictors of depression. Anxiety was predicted by age, physical quality of life, disability (for men only) and environmental quality of life (for women only). CONCLUSIONS Integrated, intersectoral and gender-sensitive initiatives are needed to respond to the many biopsychosocial challenges that persons affected face. CONTEXTE Dans le monde entier, les personnes atteintes de maladies tropicales négligées (MTN) peuvent faire l'objet d'une stigmatisation et d'une discrimination, ce qui peut entraîner une altération du fonctionnement de la société et un mauvais bien-être mental. Les preuves de la comorbidité des MTN et des troubles de la santé mentale sont dominées par la lèpre, manquent largement dans les zones post-conflit et sont rarement ventilées par sexe. MÉTHODES UTILISÉES Cette enquête transversale est la première à explorer la dépression, l'anxiété, la stigmatisation et la qualité de vie chez les personnes atteintes de filariose lymphatique, d'ulcère de Buruli, d'onchocercose ou de lèpre en République démocratique du Congo. Après un recensement par identification active des cas, 118 personnes ont répondu à l'enquête (taux de réponse 94,4%). RÉSULTATS Au total, 58,3% des hommes et 80,0% des femmes ont été dépistés positifs pour un trouble dépressif majeur (PHQ-9). Des symptômes indiquant un trouble anxieux généralisé (GAD-7) ont été observés chez 54,8 % des hommes et 62,2 % des femmes. Le fait d'être une femme, d'avoir un handicap, d'être stigmatisé et d'avoir une qualité de vie physique inférieure était un facteur prédictif de la dépression. L'anxiété était prédite par l'âge, la qualité de vie physique, le handicap (pour les hommes uniquement) et la qualité de vie environnementale (pour les femmes uniquement). CONCLUSIONS Des initiatives intégrées, intersectorielles et sensibles au genre sont nécessaires pour répondre aux nombreux défis biopsychosociaux auxquels sont confrontées les personnes touchées. ANTECEDENTES En todo el mundo, las personas afectadas por Enfermedades Tropicales Desatendidas (ETD) cutáneas pueden sufrir estigmatización y discriminación, lo que podría conducir a un deterioro del funcionamiento social y a un bienestar mental deficiente. La evidencia científica sobre la comorbilidad de las ETD y las afecciones mentales está dominada por la lepra, en general insuficiente en zonas post-conflicto y rara vez se desglosan por sexo. MÉTODOS Esta encuesta transversal es la primera que explora la depresión, la ansiedad, el estigma y la calidad de vida entre las personas afectadas por la filariasis linfática, la úlcera de Buruli, la oncocercosis o la lepra en la República Democrática del Congo. Tras un censo mediante identificación activa de casos, la encuesta fue completada por 118 personas (tasa de respuesta del 94,4%). RESULTADOS En total, el 58,3% de los hombres y el 80,0% de las mujeres arrojaron resultados positivos para el trastorno depresivo mayor (PHQ-9). El 54,8% de los hombres y el 62,2% de las mujeres presentaban síntomas indicativos de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG-7). Ser mujer, tener una discapacidad, sufrir estigmatización y una menor calidad de vida física fueron factores predictivos de la depresión. La edad, la calidad de vida física, la discapacidad (sólo en el caso de los hombres) y la calidad de vida ambiental (sólo en el caso de las mujeres) fueron factores predictivos de la ansiedad. CONCLUSIONES Se necesitan iniciativas integradas, intersectoriales y con perspectiva de género para responder a los numerosos retos biopsicosociales a los que se enfrentan las personas afectadas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaike L Seekles
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Department of International Public Health, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Jacob K Kadima
- The Leprosy Mission DRC, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Yan Ding
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Department of International Public Health, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | | | - Joy J Kim
- Effect: Hope, Program Team, Markham, ON L3R 6G1, Canada
| | - Junior K Kukola
- The Leprosy Mission DRC, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Motto Nganda
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Department of International Public Health, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Stephanie M Ngenyibungi
- University of Kinshasa, Department of Psychology, Kinshasa H8J56PX, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Florent L Ngondu
- Ministry of Health, Leprosy Programme, Kinshasa, M8R29W2, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Louis P Sabuni
- The Leprosy Mission DRC, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Laura Dean
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Department of International Public Health, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eaton J, Afolaranmi T, Tsaku P, Nwefoh E, Ode P, Baird T, Sunday P, Obindo T. Integration of services for Neglected Tropical Diseases and mental health in Nigeria: development of a practical model informed by international recommendations, contextual factors and service-user perspectives. Int Health 2023; 15:iii47-iii58. [PMID: 38118161 PMCID: PMC10732674 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health care is now recognised as essential for people affected by NTDs, but accessible services are rare. This paper presents results of a prevalence study for depression and anxiety among people living with leprosy and lymphatic filariasis, and collation of user perspectives on needs and priorities for a new service. METHODS Prevalence of mental conditions was carried out with 141 people living with leprosy and lymphatic filariasis and matched controls. Those who screened positive for depression or anxiety were interviewed in a qualitative study to understand their experiences of living with the conditions, and what their priorities would be for services and support. Results contributed to the process of developing a contextually adapted collaborative care model for implementation in the primary care system in Nigeria, using a Theory of Change approach. RESULTS We found high rates of depression, anxiety, and reduced wellbeing, with strong correlation across measures. The qualitative study revealed experiences of stigma and exclusion, and concern for financial and economic needs, and a desire for provision of free services and support for livelihoods. CONCLUSION Services should be designed with good understanding of local needs and service user priorities. CONTEXTE Les soins de santé mentale sont désormais reconnus comme essentiels pour les personnes touchées par les MTN, mais les services accessibles sont rares. Cet article présente les résultats d'une étude de prévalence de la dépression et de l'anxiété chez les personnes vivant avec la lèpre et la filariose lymphatique, ainsi que la collecte des points de vue des utilisateurs sur les besoins et les priorités d'un nouveau service. MÉTHODES UTILISÉES Une étude de prévalence des troubles mentaux a été menée auprès de 141 personnes vivant avec la lèpre et la filariose lymphatique et de témoins appariés. Celles qui ont été dépistées positives pour la dépression ou l'anxiété ont été interrogées dans le cadre d'une étude qualitative afin de comprendre leur expérience de la vie avec ces maladies et leurs priorités en matière de services et de soutien. Les résultats ont contribué au processus d'élaboration d'un modèle de soins collaboratifs adapté au contexte et destiné à être mis en œuvre dans le système de soins primaires au Nigeria, à l'aide d'une approche fondée sur la théorie du changement. RÉSULTATS Nous avons constaté des taux élevés de dépression, d'anxiété et de diminution du bien-être, avec une forte corrélation entre les mesures. L'étude qualitative a révélé des expériences de stigmatisation et d'exclusion, des préoccupations concernant les besoins financiers et économiques, ainsi qu'un désir de services gratuits et de soutien aux moyens de subsistance. CONCLUSION Les services doivent être conçus en tenant compte des besoins locaux et des priorités des utilisateurs. ANTECEDENTES Actualmente se reconoce que la atención de salud mental es esencial para las personas afectadas por ETD, pero los servicios accesibles son escasos. los servicios accesibles son escasos. Este documento presenta los resultados de un estudio de prevalencia de depresión y ansiedad entre las personas que viven con lepra y filariasis linfática, y las perspectivas de los usuarios sobre las necesidades y prioridades de un nuevo servicio. MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia de trastornos mentales con 141 personas que vivían con lepra y filariasis linfática y controles emparejados. Los que dieron positivo en depresión o ansiedad fueron entrevistados en un estudio cualitativo para conocer sus de vivir con estas enfermedades y cuáles serían sus prioridades en cuanto a servicios y apoyo. servicios y apoyo. Los resultados contribuyeron al proceso de desarrollo de un modelo de atención para su aplicación en el sistema de atención primaria de Nigeria, utilizando un enfoque basado en la Teoría del Cambio. RESULTADOS Encontramos altas tasas de depresión, ansiedad y reducción del bienestar, con una fuerte correlación entre las medidas. correlación entre las medidas. El estudio cualitativo reveló experiencias de estigmatización y de estigmatización y exclusión, preocupación por las necesidades financieras y servicios gratuitos y apoyo a los medios de subsistencia. CONCLUSIÓN Los servicios deben diseñarse teniendo en cuenta las necesidades locales y las prioridades de los usuarios de los usuarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Eaton
- CBM Global, and Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | - Paul Tsaku
- The Leprosy Mission Nigeria, Fort Royal Homes Estate, 12 King's Drive, 900102 Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Nwefoh
- CBM Global Country Office, 8 Huambo Crescent, Wuse 7, 904101 Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Philip Ode
- CBM Global Country Office, 8 Huambo Crescent, Wuse 7, 904101 Abuja, Nigeria
- CBM UK, Cambridge, CB5 8HY, UK
| | | | - Pius Sunday
- The Leprosy Mission Nigeria, Fort Royal Homes Estate, 12 King's Drive, 900102 Lugbe, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Obindo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Jos, Plateau State 930001, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thapa DK, Dahal HR, Chaulagain DR, Karki A, Sharma N, Baral B, Nepal C, Paudel P, Thapa J. Stigma, depression and quality of life among people affected by neglected tropical diseases in Nepal. Int Health 2023; 15:iii79-iii86. [PMID: 38118156 PMCID: PMC10732665 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma and poor mental health are important factors influencing the quality of life (QOL) of people with neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). This study examines the relationship between stigma, depression and QOL among people affected by leprosy and lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Nepal. METHODS A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted among 102 NTD-affected persons (70 leprosy and 32 LF) using interview-administered questionnaires measuring the level of stigma (5-QSI-AP), symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) and QOL (WHOQOL-8). Three different regression models were developed, each using the ordinary least squares and Poisson regression to evaluate the association between stigma and QOL, depression and QOL, and stigma and depression. RESULTS The mean scores were 21.8±4.4 for QOL, 6.6±5.6 for depression and 3.0±2.8 for stigma. Almost 17% reported the prevalence of depression symptoms. Both stigma (β=-0.65, p<0.001) and depression (β=-0.32, p<0.001) were associated with lower scores for QOL, while there was a significant positive relationship between stigma and depression (β=0.92, p<0.001). Similar results were obtained from the Poisson regression models. CONCLUSIONS The study showed a considerable burden of depression, stigma and poor QOL among study participants with leprosy and LF in Nepal. A holistic package of care that addresses the physical, mental and psychological well-being of people with NTD is required. CONTEXTE La stigmatisation et la mauvaise santé mentale sont des facteurs importants qui influencent la qualité de vie des personnes atteintes de maladies tropicales négligées (MTN). Cette étude examine la relation entre la stigmatisation, la dépression et la qualité de vie chez les personnes atteintes de lèpre et de filariose lymphatique au Népal. MÉTHODES UTILISÉES Une enquête communautaire transversale a été menée auprès de 102 personnes atteintes de MTN (70 de la lèpre et 32 de la filariose lymphatique) à l'aide de questionnaires administrés par entretien mesurant le niveau de stigmatisation (5-QSI-AP), les symptômes de dépression (PHQ-9) et la qualité de vie (WHOQOL-8). Trois modèles de régression différents ont été développés, chacun utilisant les moindres carrés ordinaires et la régression de Poisson pour évaluer l'association entre : (i) la stigmatisation et la QV; (ii) la dépression et la QV; et (iii) la stigmatisation et la dépression. RÉSULTATS Les scores moyens étaient de 21,8±4,4 pour la QV, 6,6±5,6 pour la dépression, et 3,0±2,8 pour la stigmatisation. Près de 17% des personnes interrogées ont signalé la prévalence de symptômes dépressifs. La stigmatisation (β = -0,65, p<0 001) et la dépression (β = -0,32, p<0 001) ont été associées à des scores plus faibles pour la qualité de vie, tandis qu'il existait une relation positive significative entre la stigmatisation et la dépression (β = 0,92, p<0 001). Des résultats similaires ont été obtenus à partir des modèles de régression de Poisson. CONCLUSIONS L'étude a montré une incidence importante de dépression, de stigmatisation et d'une mauvaise qualité de vie parmi les participants atteints de lèpre et de FL au Népal. Il convient donc de mettre en place un ensemble de soins holistiques pour ces patients qui prendrait en compte le bien-être physique, mental et psychologique des personnes atteintes de MTN. ANTECEDENTES La estigmatización y la mala salud mental son factores importantes que influyen en la calidad de vida de las personas con enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. las personas con enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETD). Este estudio examina la relación entre el estigma, la depresión y la CdV entre las personas afectadas por lepra y lepra y la filariasis linfática en Nepal. MÉTODOS Se realizó una encuesta comunitaria transversal entre 102 personas afectadas por ETD (70 de lepra y 32 de filariasis linfática) utilizando cuestionarios entrevistas para medir el nivel de estigma (5-QSI-AP), los síntomas de depresión (PHQ- 9) y la CdV (OMS- 9). 9) y la calidad de vida (WHOQOL-8). Se desarrollaron tres modelos de regresión diferentes regresión de Poisson para evaluar la asociación entre: (i) el estigma y (ii) la depresión. entre: (i) estigma y CdV; (ii) depresión y CdV; y (iii) estigma y depresión. RESULTADOS Las puntuaciones medias fueron 21,8±4,4 para la CdV, 6,6±5,6 para la depresión y 3,0±2,8 para el estigma. Casi el 17% informó de la prevalencia de síntomas de depresión. Tanto el estigma (β = -0,65, p<0 001), como la depresión (β = -0,32, p<0 001) se asociaron con puntuaciones más bajas para la CdV, mientras que hubo una relación positiva significativa entre el estigma y la depresión (β = 0,92, p<0 001). Se obtuvieron resultados similares en los modelos de regresión de Poisson. CONCLUSIONES El estudio mostró una carga considerable de depresión, estigma y mala CdV entre los participantes del estudio con lepra y FL en Nepal. Se requiere un paquete holístico de atención que aborde el bienestar físico, mental y psicológico de las personas con ETD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deependra K Thapa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, INUSA
| | - Harsha R Dahal
- Nepal Public Health Research and Development Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Anjalina Karki
- Nepal Public Health Research and Development Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - Chiranjibi Nepal
- Nepal Public Health Research and Development Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prakriti Paudel
- Nepal Public Health Research and Development Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Janak Thapa
- Nepal Public Health Research and Development Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Kaye PM, Lee BY, Puchner KP. Neglected tropical disease vaccines: hookworm, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis. Vaccine 2023; 41 Suppl 2:S176-S179. [PMID: 38407985 PMCID: PMC10713477 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA.
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Paul M Kaye
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington York, UK
| | - Bruce Y Lee
- Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), Public Health Informatics Computational and Operations Research (PHICOR), and Department of Health Policy and Management, City University of New York, School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fahal AH, Bakhiet SM. Mycetoma and the environment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011736. [PMID: 37971968 PMCID: PMC10653480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycetoma is a chronic, incapacitating, destructive inflammatory disease with many serious damaging impacts. Currently, there is no control or prevention program as many of its epidemiological characteristics, such as the causative organisms' ecological niche, natural habitat, primary reservoir, transmission mode, geographical distribution, incidence, and prevalence, remain unclear. This may be due to a lack of research interest, as mycetoma is still a neglected disease and the scarcity of accurate molecular diagnostic techniques in disease-endemic regions for accurate causative microorganisms identification and mapping. With this background, this study set out to address this knowledge gap by considering the mycetoma environmental occurrence predictors. The medical literature obtained data showed a close association between mycetoma occurrence and its environment. The causative microorganisms are available in the environment in active or dormant forms. Animal dung may be a natural niche and reservoir for these organisms, and thorns may facilitate the subcutaneous inoculation. Some environmental factors, such as the soil type and consistency, temperature, water sources, aridity index, and thorny trees, may be risk factors. The population in endemic areas socioeconomic, hygiene, and health education status are contributory factors for mycetoma. The individual's genetic and immunological backgrounds may determine the disease's susceptibility and resistance. Environmental conditions and personal hygiene improvement are mandatory to reduce disease occurrence. Mycetoma spatial mapping can detect disease cluster areas and then develop public health strategies for early case detection and management to reduce the disease burden. More research interests and facilities are needed to understand disease pathogenesis and appropriate patient management better.
Collapse
|
17
|
Marrone R, Mazzi C, Ouattara H, Cammilli M, Pontillo D, Perandin F, Bisoffi Z. Screening for Neglected Tropical Diseases and other infections in African refugees and asylum seekers in Rome and Lazio region, Italy. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 56:102649. [PMID: 37820947 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few reliable data are available on Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and other infections among African refugees and asylum seekers in Italy. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of NTDs and other infections in a large cohort of African refugees and asylum seekers living in reception centers in Lazio, Italy. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is an observational, prospective prevalence study on infectious diseases in a large population of African refugees and asylum seekers (936 overall) consecutively enrolled for screening purpose at the Infectious and Tropical diseases outpatient clinic of the National Institute of Migrant and Poverty (INMP), Rome from August 2019 to December 2020. RESULTS We found a prevalence of 8.8 % and 31 % for Strongyloides and schistosoma infection, respectively, while the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was 0.7 %, HCV antibodies 2.5%, hepatitis B virus surface antigen 10.8 % and syphilis serological tests 2.9 %. CONCLUSION Strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis are highly prevalent among African refugees and asylum seekers in Italy, in contrast to communicable diseases (with the exception of hepatitis B). Raising awareness of NTDs among health professionals and implementing guidelines seems to be of paramount importance to prevent these diseases and their sufferers from becoming even more "neglected".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Marrone
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, 00153 Roma, Italy.
| | - C Mazzi
- Department of Infectious -Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, 37024 Verona, Italy.
| | - H Ouattara
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, 00153 Roma, Italy.
| | - M Cammilli
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, 00153 Roma, Italy.
| | - D Pontillo
- Department of Infectious -Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, 37024 Verona, Italy.
| | - F Perandin
- Department of Infectious -Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, 37024 Verona, Italy.
| | - Z Bisoffi
- Department of Infectious -Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, 37024 Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Swe MMM, Phyo AP, Cooper BS, White NJ, Smithuis F, Ashley EA. A systematic review of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Myanmar. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011706. [PMID: 37910592 PMCID: PMC10619876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect most impoverished communities in developing countries, like Myanmar in Southeast Asia. NTDs have been understudied and underreported in Myanmar. METHODS A systematic review of published and grey literature (1900-2023) on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Myanmar was conducted. The literature search included five international databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid Global Health, and Web of Science Core Collection and one national database: the Myanmar Central Biomedical Library (locally published papers and grey literature). The selection criteria included articles with all types of study designs of current or previous infections conducted in humans, that reported NTDs, recognised by WHO, US CDC, and listed in PLoS NTDs. We included melioidosis and rickettsioses which we consider also meet the definition of an NTD. RESULTS A total of 5941 records were retrieved and screened, of which, 672 (11%) met the selection criteria and were included in this review. Of the included articles, 449 (65%) were published after 2000 and 369 (55%) were from two regions (Yangon and Mandalay) of Myanmar. Of the included articles, 238 (35%) reported bacterial NTDs, 212 (32%) viral NTDs, 153 (23%) helminth NTDs, 25 (4%) protozoal NTDs and 39 (6%) reported more than one aetiology. Based on reported frequency in descending order, the bacterial NTDs were leprosy, Escherichia coli enteritis, salmonellosis, cholera, shigellosis, melioidosis, leptospirosis and rickettsioses; the viral NTDs were dengue, chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection; the protozoal NTDs were amoebiasis, giardiasis and leishmaniasis, and the helminth NTDs were ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm disease, filariasis and strongyloidiasis. CONCLUSION This review summarises NTDs reported in Myanmar over the past 100 years. The findings suggest that most NTDs are likely to be under reported, especially from the majority of the country which is far from academic centres. Research capacity building together with strengthening of laboratory systems would lead to better understanding of the true burden of NTDs in Myanmar. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42018092627.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myo Maung Maung Swe
- Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit (MOCRU), Yangon, Myanmar
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aung Pyae Phyo
- Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit (MOCRU), Yangon, Myanmar
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU), Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Ben S. Cooper
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicholas J. White
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Frank Smithuis
- Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit (MOCRU), Yangon, Myanmar
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Ashley
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Davis EL, Crump RE, Medley GF, Solomon AW, Pemmaraju VRR, Hollingsworth TD. A modelling analysis of a new multi-stage pathway for classifying achievement of public health milestones for leprosy. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220408. [PMID: 37598707 PMCID: PMC10440169 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several countries have come close to eliminating leprosy, but leprosy cases continue to be detected at low levels. Due to the long, highly variable delay from infection to detection, the relationship between observed cases and transmission is uncertain. The World Health Organization's new technical guidance provides a path for countries to reach elimination. We use a simple probabilistic model to simulate the stochastic dynamics of detected cases as transmission declines, and evaluate progress through the new public health milestones. In simulations where transmission is halted, 5 years of zero incidence in autochthonous children, combined with 3 years of zero incidence in all ages is a flawed indicator that transmission has halted (54% correctly classified). A further 10 years of only occasional sporadic cases is associated with a high probability of having interrupted transmission (99%). If, however, transmission continues at extremely low levels, it is possible that cases could be misidentified as historic cases from the tail of the incubation period distribution, although misleadingly achieving all three milestones is unlikely (less than 1% probability across a 15-year period of ongoing low-level transmission). These results demonstrate the feasibility and challenges of a phased progression of milestones towards interruption of transmission, allowing assessment of programme status. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenges and opportunities in the fight against neglected tropical diseases: a decade from the London Declaration on NTDs'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Davis
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ron E. Crump
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Graham F. Medley
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Anthony W. Solomon
- Global Neglected Tropical Diseases Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | | | - T. Déirdre Hollingsworth
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Forbes K, Basáñez MG, Hollingsworth TD, Anderson RM. Introduction to the special issue: challenges and opportunities in the fight against neglected tropical diseases: a decade from the London Declaration on NTDs. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220272. [PMID: 37598699 PMCID: PMC10440167 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are currently prioritised by the World Health Organization for eradication, elimination as a public health problem, elimination of transmission or control by 2030. This issue celebrates progress made since the 2012 London Declaration on NTDs and discusses challenges currently faced to achieve these goals. It comprises 14 contributions spanning NTDs tackled by intensified disease management to those addressed by preventive chemotherapy. Although COVID-19 negatively affected NTD programmes, it also served to spur new multisectoral approaches to strengthen school-based health systems. The issue highlights the needs to improve impact survey design, evaluate new diagnostics, understand the consequences of heterogeneous prevalence and human movement, the potential impact of alternative treatment strategies and the importance of zoonotic transmission. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenges and opportunities in the fight against neglected tropical diseases: a decade from the London Declaration on NTDs'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Forbes
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Maria-Gloria Basáñez
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (MRC GIDA), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | | | - Roy M. Anderson
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (MRC GIDA), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bundy DAP, Schultz L, Antoninis M, Barry FBM, Burbano C, Croke K, Drake L, Gyapong J, Karutu C, Kihara J, Lo MM, Makkar P, Mwandawiro C, Ossipow SJ, Bento AR, Rollinson D, Shah H, Turner HC. A positive consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic: how the counterfactual experience of school closures is accelerating a multisectoral response to the treatment of neglected tropical diseases. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220282. [PMID: 37598709 PMCID: PMC10440164 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Global access to deworming treatment is one of the public health success stories of low-income countries in the twenty-first century. Parasitic worm infections are among the most ubiquitous chronic infections of humans, and early success with mass treatment programmes for these infections was the key catalyst for the neglected tropical disease (NTD) agenda. Since the launch of the 'London Declaration' in 2012, school-based deworming programmes have become the world's largest public health interventions. WHO estimates that by 2020, some 3.3 billion school-based drug treatments had been delivered. The success of this approach was brought to a dramatic halt in April 2020 when schools were closed worldwide in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These closures immediately excluded 1.5 billion children not only from access to education but also from all school-based health services, including deworming. WHO Pulse surveys in 2021 identified NTD treatment as among the most negatively affected health interventions worldwide, second only to mental health interventions. In reaction, governments created a global Coalition with the twin aims of reopening schools and of rebuilding more resilient school-based health systems. Today, some 86 countries, comprising more than half the world's population, are delivering on this response, and school-based coverage of some key school-based programmes exceeds those from January 2020. This paper explores how science, and a combination of new policy and epidemiological perspectives that began in the 1980s, led to the exceptional growth in school-based NTD programmes after 2012, and are again driving new momentum in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenges and opportunities in the fight against neglected tropical diseases: a decade from the London Declaration on NTDs'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald A. P. Bundy
- Research Consortium for School Health and Nutrition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Linda Schultz
- Research Consortium for School Health and Nutrition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Croke
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - John Gyapong
- University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hugo C. Turner
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Diggle PJ, Fronterre C, Gass K, Hundley L, Niles-Robin R, Sampson A, Morice A, Scholte RC. Modernizing the design and analysis of prevalence surveys for neglected tropical diseases. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220276. [PMID: 37598704 PMCID: PMC10440170 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current WHO guidelines set prevalence thresholds below which a neglected tropical disease can be considered to have been eliminated as a public health problem, and specify how surveys to assess whether elimination has been achieved should be designed and analysed, based on classical survey sampling methods. In this paper, we describe an alternative approach based on geospatial statistical modelling. We first show the gains in efficiency that can be obtained by exploiting any spatial correlation in the underlying prevalence. We then suggest that the current guidelines' implicit use of a significance testing argument is not appropriate; instead, we argue for a predictive inferential framework, leading to design criteria based on controlling the rates at which areas whose true prevalence lies above and below the elimination threshold are incorrectly classified. We describe how this approach naturally accommodates context-specific information in the form of georeferenced covariates that have been shown to be predictive of disease prevalence. Finally, we give a progress report of an ongoing collaboration with the Guyana Ministry of Health Neglected Tropical Disease programme on the design of an IDA (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole) Impact Survey of lymphatic filariasis to be conducted in Guyana in early 2023. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenges and opportunities in the fight against neglected tropical diseases: a decade from the London Declaration on NTDs'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Diggle
- CHICAS, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 3YF, UK
| | - Claudio Fronterre
- CHICAS, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 3YF, UK
| | - Katherine Gass
- Task Force for Global Health, 325 Swanton Way, Decatur, 30030, GA, USA
| | - Lee Hundley
- Task Force for Global Health, 325 Swanton Way, Decatur, 30030, GA, USA
| | - Reza Niles-Robin
- Neglected Tropical Disease Program, Vector Control Services, Ministry of Health, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Annastacia Sampson
- Neglected Tropical Disease Program, Vector Control Services, Ministry of Health, Georgetown, Guyana
| | - Ana Morice
- Neglected, Tropical, and Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, 20037, DC, USA
| | - Ronaldo Carvalho Scholte
- Neglected, Tropical, and Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, 20037, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ledien J, Cucunubá ZM, Parra-Henao G, Rodríguez-Monguí E, Dobson AP, Adamo SB, Castellanos LG, Basáñez MG, Nouvellet P. From serological surveys to disease burden: a modelling pipeline for Chagas disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220278. [PMID: 37598701 PMCID: PMC10440172 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) set the elimination of Chagas disease intradomiciliary vectorial transmission as a goal by 2020. After a decade, some progress has been made, but the new 2021-2030 WHO roadmap has set even more ambitious targets. Innovative and robust modelling methods are required to monitor progress towards these goals. We present a modelling pipeline using local seroprevalence data to obtain national disease burden estimates by disease stage. Firstly, local seroprevalence information is used to estimate spatio-temporal trends in the Force-of-Infection (FoI). FoI estimates are then used to predict such trends across larger and fine-scale geographical areas. Finally, predicted FoI values are used to estimate disease burden based on a disease progression model. Using Colombia as a case study, we estimated that the number of infected people would reach 506 000 (95% credible interval (CrI) = 395 000-648 000) in 2020 with a 1.0% (95%CrI = 0.8-1.3%) prevalence in the general population and 2400 (95%CrI = 1900-3400) deaths (approx. 0.5% of those infected). The interplay between a decrease in infection exposure (FoI and relative proportion of acute cases) was overcompensated by a large increase in population size and gradual population ageing, leading to an increase in the absolute number of Chagas disease cases over time. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenges and opportunities in the fight against neglected tropical diseases: a decade from the London Declaration on NTDs'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ledien
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Zulma M. Cucunubá
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Javeriana, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Parra-Henao
- Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 470002, Santa Marta, Colombia
- National Institute of Health, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eliana Rodríguez-Monguí
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Javeriana, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia
- Independent consultant to the Neglected, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases Program, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Colombia
| | - Andrew P. Dobson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Susana B. Adamo
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia Climate School, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Luis Gerardo Castellanos
- Department of Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - María-Gloria Basáñez
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR) & MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (GIDA), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Pierre Nouvellet
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR) & MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (GIDA), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Borlase A, Prada JM, Crellen T. Modelling morbidity for neglected tropical diseases: the long and winding road from cumulative exposure to long-term pathology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220279. [PMID: 37598702 PMCID: PMC10440174 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the morbidities caused by neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is a central aim of ongoing disease control programmes. The broad spectrum of pathogens under the umbrella of NTDs lead to a range of negative health outcomes, from malnutrition and anaemia to organ failure, blindness and carcinogenesis. For some NTDs, the most severe clinical manifestations develop over many years of chronic or repeated infection. For these diseases, the association between infection and risk of long-term pathology is generally complex, and the impact of multiple interacting factors, such as age, co-morbidities and host immune response, is often poorly quantified. Mathematical modelling has been used for many years to gain insights into the complex processes underlying the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases; however, long-term morbidities associated with chronic or cumulative exposure are generally not incorporated into dynamic models for NTDs. Here we consider the complexities and challenges for determining the relationship between cumulative pathogen exposure and morbidity at the individual and population levels, drawing on case studies for trachoma, schistosomiasis and foodborne trematodiasis. We explore potential frameworks for explicitly incorporating long-term morbidity into NTD transmission models, and consider the insights such frameworks may bring in terms of policy-relevant projections for the elimination era. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenges and opportunities in the fight against neglected tropical diseases: a decade from the London Declaration on NTDs'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Borlase
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Joaquin M. Prada
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Thomas Crellen
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Díaz AV, Walker M, Webster JP. Reaching the World Health Organization elimination targets for schistosomiasis: the importance of a One Health perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220274. [PMID: 37598697 PMCID: PMC10440173 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The past three years has seen the launch of a new World Health Organization (WHO) neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) roadmap, together with revised control and elimination guidelines. Across all, there is now a clear emphasis on the need to incorporate a One Health approach, recognizing the critical links between human and animal health and the environment. Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma spp. trematodes, is a NTD of global medical and veterinary importance, with over 220 million people and untold millions of livestock currently infected. Its burden remains extremely high in certain regions, particularly within sub-Saharan Africa, despite over two decades of mass preventive chemotherapy (mass drug administration), predominantly to school-aged children. In Africa, in contrast to Asia, any zoonotic component of schistosomiasis transmission and its implications for disease control has, until recently, been largely ignored. Here, we review recent epidemiological, clinical, molecular, and modelling work across both Asia and Africa. We outline the evolutionary history and transmission dynamics of Schistosoma species, and emphasize the emerging risk raised by both wildlife reservoirs and viable hybridization between human and animal schistosomes. To achieve the 2030 WHO roadmap elimination targets, a truly multi-disciplinary One Health perspective must be implemented. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenges and opportunities in the fight against neglected tropical diseases: a decade from the London Declaration on NTDs'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana V. Díaz
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Martin Walker
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Joanne P. Webster
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Araújo SCM, Câmara JT, Guedes TB. Snakebites in Northeastern Brazil: accessing clinical-epidemiological profile as a strategy to deal with Neglected Tropical Diseases. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:e02242023. [PMID: 37820102 PMCID: PMC10561396 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0224-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazil ranks first in the number of snakebites in South America. A detailed analysis of these cases is required to improve the public health planning. In this study, we retrospectively examined the clinical and epidemiological profiles of snakebites in Maranhão between January 2009 and December 2019. METHODS Data were obtained from the compulsory notification forms provided by the Health Department of Maranhão. RESULTS A total of 17,658 cases were recorded during the study period. Most of the bites were from snakes belonging to the genus Bothrops. Medical care was mostly within three hours after the bite. Most cases were classified as mild and most victims recovered; however, 139 deaths were recorded. Most bites occurred among people aged 20-39 years, mainly among rural workers. The most frequent local clinical manifestations were pain, edema, and ecchymosis. The most common systemic clinical manifestations include neuroparalysis, vagal syndrome, and myolysis. Most snakebites occurred between January and March. The municipalities with the highest number of notifications were Buriticupu (936 cases), Arame (705 cases), and Grajaú (627 cases). CONCLUSIONS The clinical profile of snakebites in Maranhão is similar to that observed in other states of Northeast Brazil. However, we found that some systemic manifestations are not compatible with the etiology of snakebites, which leads us to believe that the problem could be the lack of knowledge of the health professionals at the site of envenomation, who may not be ready for attendance, and an important lack of health centers with snake antivenom to treat snakebites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sâmia Caroline Melo Araújo
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Caxias, MA, Brasil
| | - Joseneide Teixeira Câmara
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Caxias, MA, Brasil
| | - Thaís B. Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Campinas, SP, Brasil
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center, University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Casulli A, Antinori S, Bartoloni A, D'Amelio S, Gabrielli AF, Gazzoli G, Rinaldi L, Bruschi F. Neglected Tropical Diseases in Italy: introducing IN-NTD, the Italian network for NTDs. Parasitology 2023; 150:1082-1088. [PMID: 37264942 PMCID: PMC10801374 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) as a diverse group of primarily infectious diseases, which disproportionately affect poor and marginalized populations worldwide. In this context, NTDs are responsible for important morbidity and mortality and justify a global response. Moreover, NTDs are relatively neglected by research and development as well as by funding, if compared with the magnitude of the public health problem they represent. This happens even though, unlike other infectious diseases, they can be prevented, controlled and eliminated by targeted public health interventions. NTDs are mainly prevalent in communities from low-income countries in tropical and sub-tropical areas but are also present in upper–middle-income countries, including several in Europe. Here, we provide an update on the most relevant parasitic endemic or imported NTDs in Italy and illustrate the rationale for the establishment of the Italian network on NTDs, an alliance of scientific societies, institutes, foundations, universities and non-profit organizations united to fight NTDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Casulli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Italian Society for Infectious and Tropical Diseases (SIMIT), Prato, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartoloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Amelio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Albis Francesco Gabrielli
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Gazzoli
- Italian Association Amici di Raoul Follereau (AIFO), Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bruschi
- Department of Translational Research, N.T.M.S., School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Italian Society of Parasitology (SoIPa), c/o Department of Public Health, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chandra A, Sreeganga SD, Rath N, Ramaprasad A. Healthcare Policies to Eliminate Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in India: A Roadmap. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6842. [PMID: 37835112 PMCID: PMC10572727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The need for systemic healthcare policies to systematically eliminate NTDs globally and in India has been stressed for more than two decades. Yet, the present policies and the research on them do not meet the need. We present an ontological framework, a research roadmap, and a policy brief to address the gap. The ontology clearly, concisely, and comprehensively represents the combinations of diseases, the objectives regarding the diseases, the entities to address them, the outcomes sought, and the potential policy instruments to invoke. The paper explicates the state of the-policies and state of the research on policies to eliminate NTDs in India. It highlights the significant gaps in the diseases covered, balance in the objectives, comprehensiveness of policies, portfolio of outcomes, and involvement of entities. Last, it presents a set of systemic policies congruent with the ontology to systematically address the gaps. The recommendations are aligned with the present research, policies, practices, and recommendations in India and of the WHO, UN agencies, and other similar bodies. The approach can be generalized to provide roadmaps for other countries facing a similar challenge and for other diseases of similar complexity. The roadmaps, with continuous feedback and learning, can help navigate the challenge efficiently and effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chandra
- School of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Chanakya University, Bengaluru 562110, India;
| | - S. D. Sreeganga
- Jindal School of Government and Public Policy, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat 131001, India;
| | - Nibedita Rath
- Open Source Pharma Foundation, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru 560012, India;
| | - Arkalgud Ramaprasad
- Information and Decision Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Forson AO, Awuah RB, Mohammed AR, Owusu-Asenso CM, Akosah-Brempong G, Abdulai A, Sraku IK, Dhikrullahi SB, Atakora SB, Attah SK, Afrane YA. Coverage of preventive measures and surveillance for neglected tropical diseases in hard-to-reach communities in Ghana. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1784. [PMID: 37710219 PMCID: PMC10500849 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a major public health burden which mainly affects poor populations living in tropical environments and hard-to-reach areas. The study sought to examine coverage of preventive efforts, and case surveillance for NTDs in hard-to-reach communities in Ghana. METHODS The study investigated treatment efforts for lymphatic filariasis (LF), and onchocerciasis and schistosomiasis/soil transmitted helminths (SCH/STH) at household level, in difficult-to-access communities in Ghana. A total of 621 households were sampled from 6 communities in the Western, Oti and Greater Accra regions. RESULTS Over 95% of the households surveyed were covered under mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns for lymphatic filariasis (LF) and onchocerciasis. More than 80% of households had received at least two visits by community drug distributors under the MDA campaigns in the last two years preceding the study. In addition, over 90% of households in the LF and onchocerciasis endemic communities had at least one member using anthelminthic medications under the MDA campaigns in the 12 months preceding the study. However, households where no member had taken anthelminthic medications in 12 months preceding the study were over 6 times likely to have someone in the household with LF. CONCLUSIONS This study determined that SCH/STH, LF and onchocerciasis are of serious public health concern in some communities in Ghana. There is an urgent need for holistic practical disease control plan involving both financial and community support to ensure total control of NTDs in difficult-to-access communities is achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akua Obeng Forson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Raphael Baffour Awuah
- Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, Legon. Accra, Ghana
| | - Abdul Rahim Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christopher Mfum Owusu-Asenso
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gabriel Akosah-Brempong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anisa Abdulai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kwame Sraku
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Shittu B Dhikrullahi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sefa Bonsu Atakora
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Simon K Attah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw Asare Afrane
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Research, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Clark J, Davis EL, Prada JM, Gass K, Krentel A, Hollingsworth TD. How correlations between treatment access and surveillance inclusion impact neglected tropical disease monitoring and evaluation-A simulated study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011582. [PMID: 37672518 PMCID: PMC10506705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) largely impact marginalised communities living in tropical and subtropical regions. Mass drug administration is the leading intervention method for five NTDs; however, it is known that there is lack of access to treatment for some populations and demographic groups. It is also likely that those individuals without access to treatment are excluded from surveillance. It is important to consider the impacts of this on the overall success, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of intervention programmes. We use a detailed individual-based model of the infection dynamics of lymphatic filariasis to investigate the impact of excluded, untreated, and therefore unobserved groups on the true versus observed infection dynamics and subsequent intervention success. We simulate surveillance in four groups-the whole population eligible to receive treatment, the whole eligible population with access to treatment, the TAS focus of six- and seven-year-olds, and finally in >20-year-olds. We show that the surveillance group under observation has a significant impact on perceived dynamics. Exclusion to treatment and surveillance negatively impacts the probability of reaching public health goals, though in populations that do reach these goals there are no signals to indicate excluded groups. Increasingly restricted surveillance groups over-estimate the efficacy of MDA. The presence of non-treated groups cannot be inferred when surveillance is only occurring in the group receiving treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Clark
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
- Big Data Institute, Neglected Tropical Disease Modelling Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Emma L. Davis
- Big Data Institute, Neglected Tropical Disease Modelling Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Joaquin M. Prada
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, England
| | - Katherine Gass
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alison Krentel
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - T. Déirdre Hollingsworth
- Big Data Institute, Neglected Tropical Disease Modelling Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Enbiale W, Bekele A, Manaye N, Seife F, Kebede Z, Gebremeskel F, van Griensven J. Subcutaneous mycoses: Endemic but neglected among the Neglected Tropical Diseases in Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011363. [PMID: 37756346 PMCID: PMC10561858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous (deep) mycoses are a chronic infectious disease of the skin and underlying structures endemic in tropical countries. The disease has serious medical and socioeconomic consequences for patients, communities and health services in endemic areas. The inclusion of mycetoma and other subcutaneous mycoses in the list of Neglected Tropical Diseases by WHO highlights the need to assess the burden of these diseases and establish control programs where necessary. In Ethiopia no strategies can be devised because of a lack of epidemiologic information. To address this evidence gap, we performed a national rapid assessment of the geographic distribution of subcutaneous mycoses. METHODOLOGY We conducted a rapid retrospective assessment using hospital records to identify all suspected and confirmed cases of subcutaneous mycoses in 13 referral hospitals across the country between 2015 and 2022. In each hospital the logbooks were reviewed for diagnoses of subcutaneous mycosess, as diagnosed per routine practice. Descriptive analysis was done. RESULT From 13 hospitals we extracted 143 cases of subcutaneous mycoses, registered from July 2018 to September 2022. 118 (82.5%) patients were diagnosed as mycetoma, 21 (14.7%) as chromoblastomycosis and the remaining 4 (2.8%) as sporotrichosis. The mean age of patients was 35.8 years (SD = 14.5). 101 (70.6%) patients were male and 96 (67.1%) patients were farmers. 64 (44.8%) cases were from the Tigray regional state. 56 (65.9%) patients had information on diagnostic microscopic evaluation: for mycetoma histopathologic evaluation and fine needle aspiration cytology had a higher positivity rate while for chromoblastomycosis potassium hydroxide (KOH) staining had a better yield. The main clinical presentations were nodules, sinuses and infiltrative plaques on the skin. Radiologic findings of bone involvement was present in some. CONCLUSIONS Mycetoma and other subcutaneous mycoses are endemic in Ethiopia, with cases reported from almost all regions with the highest cases numbers reported from the northern part of the country. A routine program and systems should be developed to identify and document the burden of subcutaneous fungal infections in the country. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines should be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendemagegn Enbiale
- Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Bekele
- Arba Minch University Collaborative Research and Training Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Nigus Manaye
- World Health Organization, country office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Zeyede Kebede
- World Health Organization, country office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Filmon Gebremeskel
- Mekele University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mekele, Ethiopia
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cherif MS, Keita M, Dahal P, Guilavogui T, Beavogui AH, Diassy L, Conde M, Touré A, Delamou A. Neglected tropical diseases in Republic of Guinea: disease endemicity, case burden and the road towards the 2030 target. Int Health 2023; 15:490-504. [PMID: 37232124 PMCID: PMC10472893 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) predominantly affect vulnerable and marginalized populations in tropical and subtropical areas and globally affect more than one billion people. In Guinea, the burden of NTDs is estimated to be >7.5 disability-adjusted life years per million inhabitants. Currently the Guinea NTDs master plan (2017-2020) has identified eight diseases as public health problems: onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis, leprosy, human African trypanosomiasis and Buruli ulcer. In this review we discuss the past and the current case burden of the priority NTDs in Guinea, highlight the major milestones and discuss current and future areas of focus for achieving the 2030 target outlined by the World Health Organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahamoud Sama Cherif
- Faculty of Sciences and Health Technics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Direction Regionale de la Santé de Faranah, Ministère de la santé et de l'hygiène publique, Faranah, Guinea
- Service de Pediatrie, Hospital National Ignace Deen, Ministère de la santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mory Keita
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Prabin Dahal
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothé Guilavogui
- Management and Programmes Coordination, Ministry of Health, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Abdoul Habib Beavogui
- Faculty of Sciences and Health Technics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Centre National de Formation et Recherche en Sante Rurale de Maferinyah, Maferinyah, Guinea
| | - Lamine Diassy
- World Health Organization, Guinea office, Landreah, Corniche Nord, Boîte postale 817, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mohamed Conde
- Service de Pediatrie, Hospital National Ignace Deen, Ministère de la santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Abdoulaye Touré
- Faculty of Sciences and Health Technics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Faculty of Sciences and Health Technics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea
- Centre National de Formation et Recherche en Sante Rurale de Maferinyah, Maferinyah, Guinea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Semahegn A, Manyazewal T, Getachew E, Fekadu B, Assefa E, Kassa M, Davey G, Hopkins M, Araya M, Woldehanna T, Hanlon C, Fekadu A. Burden of neglected tropical diseases and access to medicine and diagnostics in Ethiopia: a scoping review. Syst Rev 2023; 12:140. [PMID: 37580784 PMCID: PMC10424375 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 1.7 billion people are affected by neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) worldwide. Forty percent of the NTD-affected people live in Africa with the poorest, most vulnerable, and hard to reach geographical areas. The NTDs cause significant social and economic burden and deepen marginalization and stigmatization. The World Health Organization's current roadmap for NTD aims to prevent, control, eliminate, or eradicate 20 tropical diseases. Ethiopia experiences a high burden of these diseases, but current access to diagnostics, medicine, and/or care has been little explored to inform the country's NTD strategic plan. The overall purpose of the scoping review was to map and characterize the burden of NTDs and challenges in access to diagnostics, medicine, and/or care in Ethiopia. METHODS A systematic search of evidence was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from January 2000 until May 2022, without restrictions of language or study design. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Review was followed for screening of studies. Key findings were extracted and narrated qualitatively. RESULTS The search resulted in 4532 articles, of which 105 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the scoping review under three themes: burden of NTDs, access to diagnostics, medicine and/or care, and key barriers. Although gains have been made in the prevention and control of NTDs in Ethiopia, the burden remains high, and progress in access to diagnostics, medicine/drugs, and/or care is very slow. Poverty, poor quality of life, and underfunding of NTD programs decelerate the process of NTD elimination program in the country. CONCLUSIONS The scoping review identified a considerable number of studies on the burden of NTDs in Ethiopia and strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and/or care; however, there is a paucity of evidence on the suitability and potential benefits of novel diagnostic technologies and medicines in the country. A regular review and analysis of such country-level evidence is important to inform the country NTDs roadmap and local implementation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agumasie Semahegn
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Unversity of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Tsegahun Manyazewal
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyerusalem Getachew
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bethelhem Fekadu
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Esubalew Assefa
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Health Economics and Policy Research Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Munir Kassa
- Ministry of Health of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gail Davey
- Global Health & Infection Department, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Michael Hopkins
- Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Mesele Araya
- College of Business and Economics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Policy Studies Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tassew Woldehanna
- College of Business and Economics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity Building, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Global Health & Infection Department, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity Building, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
O’Bryan E, Imputiua S, Elobolobo E, Nicolas P, Montana J, Jamisse E, Munguambe H, Casellas A, Ruiz-Castillo P, Rabinovich R, Saute F, Sacoor C, Chaccour C. Burden and risk factors of snakebite in Mopeia, Mozambique: Leveraging larger malaria trials to generate data of this neglected tropical disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011551. [PMID: 37590272 PMCID: PMC10464960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snakebite is a neglected disease that disproportionally affects the rural poor. There is a dearth of evidence regarding incidence and risk factors in snakebite-endemic countries. Without this basic data, it will be impossible to achieve the target of a 50% reduction of snakebite morbidity and mortality by 2030 as set by the World Health Organization. METHODS This was a descriptive analysis nested in a 2021 community-based demographic survey of over 70,000 individuals conducted in Mopeia, Mozambique, in preparation for a cluster randomized trial to test an intervention for malaria. We describe the incidence rate, demographics, socioeconomic indicators and outcomes of snakebite in this population. FINDINGS We found the incidence of self-reported snakebite in Mopeia to be 393 bites per 100,000 person-years at risk, with 2% of households affected in the preceding 12 months. Whilst no fatalities were recorded, over 3,000 days of work or school days were lost with an individual household economic impact higher than that of uncomplicated malaria. 1 in 6 of those affected did not fully recover at the time of the study. We found significant relationships between age older than 15, use of firewood for household fuel, and animal possession with snakebite. CONCLUSIONS This study exposes higher than expected incidence and burden of snakebite in rural Mozambique. Whilst snakebite elimination in Mozambique seems unattainable today, it remains a preventable disease with manageable sequelae. We have shown that snakebite research is particularly easy to nest in larger studies, making this a practical and cost-effective way of estimating its incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma O’Bryan
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eldo Elobolobo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Mopeia, Mozambique
| | - Patricia Nicolas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Mopeia, Mozambique
| | - Julia Montana
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Mopeia, Mozambique
| | - Edgar Jamisse
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Mopeia, Mozambique
| | | | - Aina Casellas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Regina Rabinovich
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francisco Saute
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charfudin Sacoor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Chaccour
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hailu M, Chea N, Ali MM, Hailu M. Determinants of Podoconiosis in Bensa District, Sidama Region, Ethiopia: A case control study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011502. [PMID: 37643189 PMCID: PMC10464951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podoconiosis is one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTD) with the greatest potential for elimination. Despite its public health importance, podoconiosis is a poorly understood disease which led to a widespread misconception about its cause, prevention, and treatment. Even though the exact global burden is still to be measured, it is estimated that at least 4 million people are affected with podoconiosis worldwide, of which more than 1.5 million people are in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of podoconiosis in Bensa District, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A community-based unmatched case-control study was used to identify the determinants of podoconiosis. The sample size was estimated using the double population proportion formula. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Blood specimens collected from cases were tested by Filariasis Test Strip to exclude lymphatic filariasis. Data were checked for completeness, coded and entered into Epi-data Version 4.6, and exported to the SPSS version 22 software. Variables with a p<0.2 in the bivariate analysis were further analyzed using multivariable binary logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine determinants that could be associated with podoconiosis with a 95% confidence interval. A total of 459 (153 cases and 306 controls) participants were included with a response rate of 100%. Factors such as the age of participant [AOR = 0.34, 95% CI (0.13-0.87)], being female [AOR = 2.90, 95% CI (1.40-6.10)], age at which shoe wearing started [AOR = 0.7, 95% CI (0.03-0.16)], not wearing shoe daily [AOR = 2.26, 95% CI (1.05-4.86)], wearing hard plastic shoe [AOR = 3.38, 95% CI (1.31-10.89)], and family history with a similar disease (leg swelling) [AOR = 10.2, 95% CI (3.97-26.37)] were significantly associated with the occurrence of podoconiosis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The age of the participants, gender, the age at which shoe wearing started, type of shoe the participants' wear, frequency of shoe wearing, traveling barefoot, and family history with similar disease (leg swelling) were significantly associated with the occurrence of podoconiosis. Sidama regional health bureau along with non-governmental organizations working on the neglected tropical disease should plan modalities on awareness creation and comprehensive health education on shoe wearing and foot hygiene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nana Chea
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Musa Mohammed Ali
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesay Hailu
- Ethiopian Public Health institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nasibi S, Mojarrab S, Lashkarizadeh MR, Shafiei M, Saedi Dezaki E, Mahmoudvand H, Alizadeh A, Mohammadzadeh A, Adnani Sadati SJ, Mirbadie SR, Keighobadi M, Gholami S, Raeghi S, Abbasi M, Mohtasham F, Ravari MS, Dabirzadeh M, Mosavi Anari SA, Mirjalali H, Aliakbarian M, Abbasifard M, Fasihi Harandi M. Iranian Hydatid Disease Registry: Establishment and Implementation of a Neglected Tropical Disease Registry. Arch Iran Med 2023; 26:358-364. [PMID: 38301093 PMCID: PMC10685822 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatid disease is a global public health concern which imposes considerable economic costs on the communities in endemic regions. CE surveillance data are not adequately reliable. The present study reports the development and outcomes of a CE registry in Iran. METHODS Hydatid Registry (HydatidReg) was initially established as a single-center registry in 2014 after the ethical approval of KMU. Following a call from MoHME to promote registry of different diseases and health outcomes, a call for participation was announced and all the Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences were requested to contribute to the registry. Subsequently, a nation-wide registry of hydatid disease was established in 2016. With a global perspective, HydatidReg joined the European Register of Cystic Echinococcosis (ERCE). A data collection form based on minimum dataset was designed and standard operating procedures (SOPs) were prepared to ensure standardized patient enrolment in the registry. A biobank system with two-dimensional barcoding was established along with HydatidReg for management and organization of biological specimens. RESULTS As of March 2021, a total of 690 patients were enrolled in the registry. HydatidReg registered 362 (17.3%) out of the total 2097 patients enrolled in ERCE. Quality control (QC) of the data demonstrated 91.2% completeness and 80% timeliness. In the biobank, 322 biological specimens from 184 CE patients have been deposited including 70 blood, 96 sera and 156 parasite materials. CONCLUSION High-quality data in the HydatidReg registry provided opportunities for health professionals to improve quality of care and organize meaningful research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Nasibi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Mojarrab
- Deputy of Research, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran. Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Saedi Dezaki
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Alizadeh
- Disease and Health Outcomes Registry Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh
- Disease and Health Outcomes Registry Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Seyed Jafar Adnani Sadati
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Keighobadi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shirzad Gholami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Abbasi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohtasham
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Sadat Ravari
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mansour Dabirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mosavi Anari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarian
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn-Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Barazanji M, Ngo JD, Powe JA, Schneider KP, Rychtář J, Taylor D. Modeling the "F" in "SAFE": The dynamic game of facial cleanliness in trachoma prevention. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287464. [PMID: 37352249 PMCID: PMC10289400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Trachoma, a neglected tropical disease (NTDs) caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, is a leading cause of infectious blindness. Efforts are underway to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem by using the "SAFE" strategy. While mathematical models are now standard tools used to support elimination efforts and there are a variety of models studying different aspects of trachoma transmission dynamics, the "F" component of the strategy corresponding to facial cleanliness has received very little attention so far. In this paper, we incorporate human behavior into a standard epidemiological model and develop a dynamical game during which individuals practice facial cleanliness based on their epidemiological status and perceived benefits and costs. We found that the number of infectious individuals generally increases with the difficulty to access a water source. However, this increase happens only during three transition periods and the prevalence stays constant otherwise. Consequently, improving access to water can help eliminate trachoma, but the improvement needs to be significant enough to cross at least one of the three transition thresholds; otherwise the improved access will have no noticeable effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Barazanji
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Janesah D. Ngo
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Jule A. Powe
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Kimberley P. Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Jan Rychtář
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Dewey Taylor
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Itaye T, Matendechero SH, Mbonigaba JB, Gebretsadik FS, Molefi TL, Baayenda G, Ruberanziza E, Kollie KK, Zilabumba J, Dembele M, Deribe K, Adrien EM, Polo MR. "Our interventions are still here to support communities during the pandemic": Resuming mass drug administration for neglected tropical diseases after COVID-19 implementation delays. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011368. [PMID: 37363911 PMCID: PMC10328222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted essential health services, including those provided by national neglected tropical disease (NTD) programs. Most mass drug administration (MDA) programs were postponed for 6-12 months following World Health Organization guidance released in April 2020 to temporarily halt NTD programs and launch necessary COVID-19 precautions. While NTD-endemic countries have since resumed MDA activities, it is critical to understand implementers' perspectives on the key challenges and opportunities for program relaunch, as these insights are critical for maximizing gains towards disease control and elimination during public health emergencies. Using data from using online surveys and focus group discussions, this mixed-methods study sought perspectives from Ministry of Health NTD Program Managers and implementing partners from non-governmental organizations working in sub-Saharan Africa. Data analysis revealed that findings converged around several main themes: disruptions for MDA programs included resource shortages due to prioritization of pandemic response, challenges adhering to COVID-19 safety protocols, and community hesitancy due to coronavirus transmission fears. Identified solutions for restarting MDA programs focused on adapting intervention delivery and packaging to minimize disease transmission, embracing technology to optimize intervention planning and delivery, and identifying opportunities to promote program integration between pandemic response strategies and NTD campaign delivery. Findings identifies key challenges due to disruptions to NTD program delivery and provide strategic recommendations for endemic countries to build resilient programs that can continue to perform during and beyond global pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tikhala Itaye
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | | | - Jean Bosco Mbonigaba
- Rwanda NTD and Other Parasitic Diseases Program, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Massitan Dembele
- National Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program, Ministry of Health, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kebede Deribe
- Expanded Special Project on the Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization -African Region, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Elia Muhima Adrien
- Expanded Special Project on the Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization -African Region, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Maria Rebollo Polo
- Expanded Special Project on the Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization -African Region, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Al-Dabbagh J, Younis R, Ismail N. The current available diagnostic tools and treatments of scabies and scabies variants: An updated narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33805. [PMID: 37233429 PMCID: PMC10219715 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a neglected tropical disease that continues to have global impacts and long-term health consequences. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabei var. hominis, which is an obligate ectoparasite that lives in the epidermis of the human skin. Scabies is common in poor communities due to overcrowding in places like old age homes, prisons, and homeless and displaced children. However, developed countries are also susceptible to scabies infestations, such as in institutional outbreaks or small epidemics under war conditions or during natural disasters. The diagnosis of scabies may be assisted by invasive and noninvasive tools; However, the history and examination findings are usually adequate to confirm the clinical suspicion. Here, we present an updated review of scabies by focusing on the diagnostic approaches, treatment, and prevention of scabies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Razan Younis
- Faculty of Medicine, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria
| | - Nemat Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liverpool L. 'The disease will be neglected': scientists react to the WHO ending mpox emergency. Nature 2023; 617:662-663. [PMID: 37173442 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
|
41
|
Zoerhoff KL, Mbabazi PS, Gass K, Kraemer J, Fuller BB, Blair L, Bougma R, Meite A, Negussu N, Gashaw B, Nash SD, Biritwum NK, Lemoine JF, Ullyartha Pangaribuan H, Wijayanti E, Kollie K, Rasoamanamihaja CF, Juziwelo L, Mkwanda S, Rimal P, Gnandou I, Diop B, Dorkenoo AM, Bronzan R, Tukahebwa EM, Kabole F, Yevstigneyeva V, Bisanzio D, Courtney L, Koroma J, Endayishimye E, Reithinger R, Baker MC, Fleming FM. How well do coverage surveys and programmatically reported mass drug administration coverage match? Results from 214 mass drug administration campaigns in 15 countries, 2008-2017. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e011193. [PMID: 37142297 PMCID: PMC10163531 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delivering preventive chemotherapy through mass drug administration (MDA) is a central approach in controlling or eliminating several neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Treatment coverage, a primary indicator of MDA performance, can be measured through routinely reported programmatic data or population-based coverage evaluation surveys. Reported coverage is often the easiest and least expensive way to estimate coverage; however, it is prone to inaccuracies due to errors in data compilation and imprecise denominators, and in some cases measures treatments offered as opposed to treatments swallowed. OBJECTIVE Analyses presented here aimed to understand (1) how often coverage calculated using routinely reported data and survey data would lead programme managers to make the same programmatic decisions; (2) the magnitude and direction of the difference between these two estimates, and (3) whether there is meaningful variation by region, age group or country. METHODS We analysed and compared reported and surveyed treatment coverage data from 214 MDAs implemented between 2008 and 2017 in 15 countries in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean. Routinely reported treatment coverage was compiled using data reported by national NTD programmes to donors, either directly or via NTD implementing partners, following the implementation of a district-level MDA campaign; coverage was calculated by dividing the number of individuals treated by a population value, which is typically based on national census projections and occasionally community registers. Surveyed treatment coverage came from post-MDA community-based coverage evaluation surveys, which were conducted as per standardised WHO recommended methodology. RESULTS Coverage estimates using routine reporting and surveys gave the same result in terms of whether the minimum coverage threshold was reached in 72% of the MDAs surveyed in the Africa region and in 52% in the Asia region. The reported coverage value was within ±10 percentage points of the surveyed coverage value in 58/124 of the surveyed MDAs in the Africa region and 19/77 in the Asia region. Concordance between routinely reported and surveyed coverage estimates was 64% for the total population and 72% for school-age children. The study data showed variation across countries in the number of surveys conducted as well as the frequency with which there was concordance between the two coverage estimates. CONCLUSIONS Programme managers must grapple with making decisions based on imperfect information, balancing needs for accuracy with cost and available capacity. The study shows that for many of the MDAs surveyed, based on the concordance with respect to reaching the minimum coverage thresholds, the routinely reported data were accurate enough to make programmatic decisions. Where coverage surveys do show a need to improve accuracy of routinely reported results, NTD programme managers should use various tools and approaches to strengthen data quality in order to use data for decision-making to achieve NTD control and elimination goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Zoerhoff
- International Development Group, RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - John Kraemer
- School of Health, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Brian B Fuller
- International Development Group, RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Helen Keller International, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Roland Bougma
- Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Aboulaye Meite
- Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nebiyu Negussu
- Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pradip Rimal
- Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Issa Gnandou
- Ministère de la Santé Publique, de la Population, et des Affaires Sociales, Niamey, Niger
| | - Bocar Diop
- Ministère de la Santé et de l'Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ameyo Monique Dorkenoo
- Ministère de la Santé, de l'Hygiène Publique, et de l'Accès Universel aux Soins, Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Fatima Kabole
- Zanzibar Ministry of Health, Stone Town, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | | | - Donal Bisanzio
- International Development Group, RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Lauren Courtney
- International Development Group, RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Reithinger
- International Development Group, RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Margaret C Baker
- International Development Group, RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- School of Health, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fanelli A, Schnitzler JC, De Nardi M, Donachie A, Capua I, Lanave G, Buonavoglia D, Caceres-Soto P, Tizzani P. Epidemic intelligence data of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, European Region, 2012 to 2022: a new opportunity for risk mapping of neglected diseases. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200542. [PMID: 37078883 PMCID: PMC10283452 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.16.2200542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) system, jointly developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO), the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission and various partners, is a web-based platform that facilitate the monitoring of information on public health threats in near real-time from thousands of online sources.AimsTo assess the capacity of the EIOS system to strengthen data collection for neglected diseases of public health importance, and to evaluate the use of EIOS data for improving the understanding of the geographic extents of diseases and their level of risk.MethodsA Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) model was implemented to map the risk of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) occurrence in 52 countries and territories within the European Region between January 2012 and March 2022 using data on CCHF occurrence retrieved from the EIOS system.ResultsThe model found a positive association between all temperature-related variables and the probability of CCHF occurrence, with an increased risk in warmer and drier areas. The highest risk of CCHF was found in the Mediterranean basin and in areas bordering the Black Sea. There was a general decreasing risk trend from south to north across the entire European Region.ConclusionThe study highlights that the information gathered by public health intelligence can be used to build a disease risk map. Internet-based sources could aid in the assessment of new or changing risks and planning effective actions in target areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | | | | | - Alastair Donachie
- Intelligence Innovation and Integration unit, World Health Organization, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilaria Capua
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Paula Caceres-Soto
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Tizzani
- World Animal Health Information and Analysis Department, World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Anisuzzaman, Hossain MS, Hatta T, Labony SS, Kwofie KD, Kawada H, Tsuji N, Alim MA. Food- and vector-borne parasitic zoonoses: Global burden and impacts. Adv Parasitol 2023; 120:87-136. [PMID: 36948728 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Around 25% of the global population suffer from one or more parasitic infections, of which food- and vector-borne parasitic zoonotic diseases are a major concern. Additionally, zoonoses and communicable diseases, common to man and animals, are drawing increased attention worldwide. Significant changes in climatic conditions, cropping pattern, demography, food habits, increasing international travel, marketing and trade, deforestation, and urbanization play vital roles in the emergence and re-emergence of parasitic zoonoses. Although it is likely to be underestimated, the collective burden of food- and vector-borne parasitic diseases accounts for ∼60 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Out of 20 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 13 diseases are of parasitic origin. There are about 200 zoonotic diseases of which the WHO listed eight as neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) in the year 2013. Out of these eight NZDs, four diseases, namely cysticercosis, hydatidosis, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis, are caused by parasites. In this review, we discuss the global burden and impacts of food- and vector-borne zoonotic parasitic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisuzzaman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sharmin Shahid Labony
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Kofi Dadzie Kwofie
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hayato Kawada
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Melo GBT, Angulo-Tuesta A, da Silva EN, Santos TDS, Uchimura LYT, Obara MT. Evolution of research funding for neglected tropical diseases in Brazil, 2004-2020. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011134. [PMID: 36928796 PMCID: PMC10019684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases are a global public health problem. Although Brazil is largely responsible for their occurrence in Latin America, research funding on the subject does not meet the population's health needs. The present study analyzed the evolution of research funding for neglected tropical diseases by the Ministry of Health and its partners in Brazil, from 2004 to 2020. This is a retrospective study of data from investigations registered on Health Research (Pesquisa Saúde in Portuguese), a public repository for research funded by the Ministry of Health's Department of Science and Technology. The temporal trend of funding and the influence of federal government changes on funding were analyzed using Prais-Winster generalized linear regression. From 2004 to 2020, 1,158 studies were financed (purchasing power parity (PPP$) 230.9 million), with most funding aimed at biomedical research (81.6%) and topics involving dengue, leishmaniasis and tuberculosis (60.2%). Funding was stationary (annual percent change of -5.7%; 95%CI -54.0 to 45.0) and influenced by changes to the federal government. Research funding was lacking for chikungunya, Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, malaria and taeniasis/cysticercosis, diseases with a high prevalence, burden or mortality rates in Brazil. Although the Ministry of Health had several budgetary partners, it was the main funder, with 69.8% of investments. The study revealed that research funding for neglected tropical diseases has stagnated over the years and that diseases with a high prevalence, burden and mortality rate receive little funding. These findings demonstrate the need to strengthen the health research system by providing sustainable funding for research on neglected tropical diseases that is consistent with the population's health needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bardelini Tavares Melo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilândia - University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Health, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Antonia Angulo-Tuesta
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilândia - University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Everton Nunes da Silva
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilândia - University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Thaís da Silva Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilândia - University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Takashi Obara
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilândia - University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fuller BB, Harris V, Parker C, Martinez A, Toubali E, Ebene BC, Asemanyi-Mensah K, Dembele M, Salissou AB, Kabré C, Meite A, Kane NM, Kargbo-Labour I, Batcho W, Diaby A, Yevstigneyeva V, Stukel DM. Contextual determinants of mass drug administration performance: Modelling fourteen years of lymphatic filariasis treatments in West Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011146. [PMID: 36827450 PMCID: PMC9994721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective mass drug administration (MDA) is the cornerstone in the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) and a critical component in combatting all neglected tropical diseases for which preventative chemotherapy is recommended (PC-NTDs). Despite its importance, MDA coverage, however defined, is rarely investigated systematically across time and geography. Most commonly, investigations into coverage react to unsatisfactory outcomes and tend to focus on a single year and health district. Such investigations omit more macro-level influences including sociological, environmental, and programmatic factors. The USAID NTD database contains measures of performance from thousands of district-level LF MDA campaigns across 14 years and 10 West African countries. Specifically, performance was measured as an MDA's epidemiological coverage, calculated as persons treated divided by persons at risk. This analysis aims to explain MDA coverage across time and geography in West Africa using sociological, environmental, and programmatic factors. METHODOLOGY The analysis links epidemiological coverage data from 3,880 LF MDAs with contextual, non-NTD data via location (each MDA was specific to a health district) and time (MDA month, year). Contextual data included rainfall, temperature, violence or social unrest, COVID-19, the 2014 Ebola outbreak, road access/isolation, population density, observance of Ramadan, and the number of previously completed MDAs. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We fit a hierarchical linear regression model with coverage as the dependent variable and performed sensitivity analyses to confirm the selection of the explanatory factors. Above average rainfall, COVID-19, Ebola, violence and social unrest were all significantly associated with lower coverage. Years of prior experience in a district and above average temperature were significantly associated with higher coverage. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These generalized and context-focused findings supplement current literature on coverage dynamics and MDA performance. Findings may be used to quantify typically anecdotal considerations in MDA planning. The model and methodology are offered as a tool for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian B. Fuller
- Helen Keller International, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Vance Harris
- FHI 360, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Caleb Parker
- FHI 360, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Emily Toubali
- Division of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Office of Infectious Diseases, Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Blandine Clarisse Ebene
- National Programme for Onchocerciasis and Lymphatic Filariasis Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kofi Asemanyi-Mensah
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Programme, Disease Control and Prevention Department, Ghana Health Service, Public Health Division, Accra, Ghana
| | - Massitan Dembele
- National Programme for the Elimination of LF, Ministry of Health, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Cathérine Kabré
- Programme national de lutte contre les maladies tropicales négligées, Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Aboulaye Meite
- Programme national de lutte contre les maladies tropicales négligées à chimiothérapie préventive, Ministry of Health, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Ndeye Mbacke Kane
- National Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Program, Ministry of Health, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ibrahim Kargbo-Labour
- Neglected Tropical Disease Programme, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Wilfrid Batcho
- Programme National de Lutte contre les Maladies Transmissibles, Ministry of Health, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Aissatou Diaby
- National Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Program, Ministry of Health, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Violetta Yevstigneyeva
- Division of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Office of Infectious Diseases, Bureau for Global Health, USAID, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Diana Maria Stukel
- Act to End NTDs | West, FHI 360, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aamar H, Siddiqui JA, Siddiqui A, Essar MY. Neglected tropical diseases in Pakistan: challenges, efforts, and recommendations. Int J Surg 2023; 109:143-144. [PMID: 36799830 PMCID: PMC10389540 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Humna Aamar
- Faculty of Medicine, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University
| | | | - Amna Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hassan Fahal
- Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Kannan Omer Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Gezira state, Sudan
| | - Ali Awadallah Saeed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdalla Omer Elkhawad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sahar Mubarak Bakhiet
- Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Department of Molecular biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Saka B, Kassang P, Gnossike P, Head MG, Akakpo AS, Teclessou JN, Elegbede YM, Mouhari-Toure A, Mahamadou G, Tevi K, Katsou K, Kombaté K, Walker SL, Pitché P. Prevalence of skin Neglected Tropical Diseases and superficial fungal infections in two peri-urban schools and one rural community setting in Togo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010697. [PMID: 36534701 PMCID: PMC9810153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), are endemic and under-diagnosed in many lower-income communities. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of skin NTDs and fungal infections in two primary schools and a community setting in rural Togo. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study that took place between June-October 2021. The two primary schools are located on the outskirts of Lomé, the capital city. The community setting was Ndjéi, in north-east Togo. Study sites were purposively selected. Dermatologists examined the skin of study participants. Diagnosis of skin NTDs were made clinically. RESULTS A total of 1401 individuals were examined, 954 (68.1%) from Ndjéi community, and 447 (31.9%) were children in the schools. Cutaneous skin infections were diagnosed in 438 (31.3%) participants, of whom 355 (81%) were in community settings. There were 105 observed skin NTDs (7.5%). Within the school setting, there were 20 individuals with NTDs (4.5% of 447 participants), and 85 NTDs (8.9%) from 954 community participants. Across all settings 68/1020 (6.7%) NTDs were in children, and 37/381 (9.7%) in adults. In addition, there were 333 observed mycoses (23.8% prevalence). The main cutaneous NTDs diagnosed were scabies (n = 86; 6.1%) and suspected yaws (n = 16, 1.1%). The prevalence of scabies in schools was 4.3%, and 7.0% in the rural community. One case of leprosy was diagnosed in each school and the rural community, and one suspected Buruli Ulcer case in the community. In the school setting, five (6%) children with a skin NTD reported being stigmatised, four of whom had refused to attend school because of their dermatosis. In Ndjéi, 44 (4.6%) individuals reported having experienced stigma and 41 (93.2%) of them missed at least one day of school or work. CONCLUSION This study shows that the burden of scabies and skin infections such as superficial mycoses is high in the school and rural community settings in Togo, with associated presence of stigma. Improved health promotion and education across institutional and community settings may reduce stigma and encourage early reporting of skin infection cases to a health facility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bayaki Saka
- Service de dermatologie, CHU de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Michael G. Head
- Clinical Informatics Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kokoé Tevi
- Service de dermatologie, CHU de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | | | - Stephen L. Walker
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Leuenberger A, Koné BV, N’krumah RTAS, Koffi DY, Bonfoh B, Utzinger J, Pluschke G. Perceived water-related risk factors of Buruli ulcer in two villages of south-central Côte d'Ivoire. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010927. [PMID: 36516125 PMCID: PMC9750022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buruli ulcer, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a neglected tropical skin disease that is primarily endemic in West and Central Africa, including Côte d'Ivoire. Studies indicate that M. ulcerans infections are caused by contact with an environmental reservoir of the bacteria, governed by specific human biological conditions. Yet, the nature of this reservoir and the exact mode of transmission remain unknown. METHODOLOGY To identify ecologic risk factors of Buruli ulcer in south-central Côte d'Ivoire, we pursued a qualitative study matched with geo-referencing inquiry. Embedded in a broader integrated wound management research project, we (i) mapped households and water sources of laboratory confirmed Buruli ulcer cases and (ii) interviewed 12 patients and four health care workers to assess exposure to surface water and to deepen the understanding of perceived transmission pathways. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Water availability, accessibility, and affordability were reported as key determinants for choosing water resources. Furthermore, perceived risks were related to environmental, structural, and individual factors. Despite the presence of improved water sources (e.g., drilled wells), communities heavily relied on unprotected surface water for a multitude of activities. The nearby Bandama River and seasonal waterbodies were frequently used for washing, bathing, and collection of water for drinking and cooking. Many residents also reported to cross the river on a daily basis for agricultural chores, and hence, are exposed to stagnant water during farming activities. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study in two Buruli ulcer endemic villages in south-central Côte d'Ivoire revealed a wide range of water-related domestic activities that might expose people to an increased risk of contracting the disease. Environmental, biological, social, and cultural risk factors are closely interlinked and should be considered in future investigations of Buruli ulcer transmission. Active participation of the communities is key to better understand their circumstances to advance research and fight against Buruli ulcer and other neglected tropical diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leuenberger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Bognan V. Koné
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Raymond T. A. S. N’krumah
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Université Peleforo Gon Coulibaly de Korhogo, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Didier Y. Koffi
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Programme National de Lutte contre l’Ulcère de Buruli, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kositz C, Drammeh M, Vasileva H, Houghton J, Ashall J, D'Alessandro U, Marks M, Bradley J. Effects of ivermectin mass drug administration for malaria vector control on ectoparasites and soil-transmitted helminths: a cluster randomized trial. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 125:258-264. [PMID: 36336245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ivermectin, used to control several neglected tropical diseases, may also reduce malaria transmission. Mass drug administration (MDA) for malaria control therefore might have off-target impacts on neglected tropical diseases. METHODS In The Gambia, nested in a trial of ivermectin MDA, cross-sectional surveys measuring ectoparasites and soil-transmitted helminths in children aged 3 to 14 years took place in June and November 2019 and in November 2021. RESULTS After MDA, scabies prevalence was 41.2% (237/576) in the control and 38.2% (182/476) in the intervention arm (odds ratio [OR] 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0 67-1.2), P-value = 0.471) but by 2021, had rebounded to 38.8% (180/464) in the control and 53.2% (245/458) in the intervention arm. After MDA, prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis was 16.8% (87/518) in the control and 9.1% (40/440) in the intervention arm (OR 0.4 (95% CI 0.16-0.94), P-value = 0.039). In 2021, it was 9.2% (38/413) in the control and 11.3% (45/399) in the intervention arm (OR 1.31 (95% CI 0.74-2.28), P-value = 0.35). CONCLUSION Scabies prevalence was similar between the two study arms. S. stercoralis prevalence was reduced. However, this effect did not last long: the prevalence 2 years after MDA was similar between study arms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kositz
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Mariama Drammeh
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hristina Vasileva
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Houghton
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Ashall
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Umberto D'Alessandro
- Disease Control and Elimination, Medical Research Council Unit Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRCG at LSHTM), Bakau, The Gambia
| | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Bradley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|