1
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Chettih SN, Mackevicius EL, Hale S, Aronov D. Barcoding of episodic memories in the hippocampus of a food-caching bird. Cell 2024; 187:1922-1935.e20. [PMID: 38554707 PMCID: PMC11015962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is critical for episodic memory. Although hippocampal activity represents place and other behaviorally relevant variables, it is unclear how it encodes numerous memories of specific events in life. To study episodic coding, we leveraged the specialized behavior of chickadees-food-caching birds that form memories at well-defined moments in time whenever they cache food for subsequent retrieval. Our recordings during caching revealed very sparse, transient barcode-like patterns of firing across hippocampal neurons. Each "barcode" uniquely represented a caching event and transiently reactivated during the retrieval of that specific cache. Barcodes co-occurred with the conventional activity of place cells but were uncorrelated even for nearby cache locations that had similar place codes. We propose that animals recall episodic memories by reactivating hippocampal barcodes. Similarly to computer hash codes, these patterns assign unique identifiers to different events and could be a mechanism for rapid formation and storage of many non-interfering memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selmaan N Chettih
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Emily L Mackevicius
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Basis Research Institute, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Stephanie Hale
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Dmitriy Aronov
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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2
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Sun W, Liu Z, Jiang X, Chen MB, Dong H, Liu J, Südhof TC, Quake SR. Spatial transcriptomics reveal neuron-astrocyte synergy in long-term memory. Nature 2024; 627:374-381. [PMID: 38326616 PMCID: PMC10937396 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-07011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Memory encodes past experiences, thereby enabling future plans. The basolateral amygdala is a centre of salience networks that underlie emotional experiences and thus has a key role in long-term fear memory formation1. Here we used spatial and single-cell transcriptomics to illuminate the cellular and molecular architecture of the role of the basolateral amygdala in long-term memory. We identified transcriptional signatures in subpopulations of neurons and astrocytes that were memory-specific and persisted for weeks. These transcriptional signatures implicate neuropeptide and BDNF signalling, MAPK and CREB activation, ubiquitination pathways, and synaptic connectivity as key components of long-term memory. Notably, upon long-term memory formation, a neuronal subpopulation defined by increased Penk and decreased Tac expression constituted the most prominent component of the memory engram of the basolateral amygdala. These transcriptional changes were observed both with single-cell RNA sequencing and with single-molecule spatial transcriptomics in intact slices, thereby providing a rich spatial map of a memory engram. The spatial data enabled us to determine that this neuronal subpopulation interacts with adjacent astrocytes, and functional experiments show that neurons require interactions with astrocytes to encode long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle B Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Liu
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, CA, USA.
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3
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Ling E, Nemesh J, Goldman M, Kamitaki N, Reed N, Handsaker RE, Genovese G, Vogelgsang JS, Gerges S, Kashin S, Ghosh S, Esposito JM, Morris K, Meyer D, Lutservitz A, Mullally CD, Wysoker A, Spina L, Neumann A, Hogan M, Ichihara K, Berretta S, McCarroll SA. A concerted neuron-astrocyte program declines in ageing and schizophrenia. Nature 2024; 627:604-611. [PMID: 38448582 PMCID: PMC10954558 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Human brains vary across people and over time; such variation is not yet understood in cellular terms. Here we describe a relationship between people's cortical neurons and cortical astrocytes. We used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to analyse the prefrontal cortex of 191 human donors aged 22-97 years, including healthy individuals and people with schizophrenia. Latent-factor analysis of these data revealed that, in people whose cortical neurons more strongly expressed genes encoding synaptic components, cortical astrocytes more strongly expressed distinct genes with synaptic functions and genes for synthesizing cholesterol, an astrocyte-supplied component of synaptic membranes. We call this relationship the synaptic neuron and astrocyte program (SNAP). In schizophrenia and ageing-two conditions that involve declines in cognitive flexibility and plasticity1,2-cells divested from SNAP: astrocytes, glutamatergic (excitatory) neurons and GABAergic (inhibitory) neurons all showed reduced SNAP expression to corresponding degrees. The distinct astrocytic and neuronal components of SNAP both involved genes in which genetic risk factors for schizophrenia were strongly concentrated. SNAP, which varies quantitatively even among healthy people of similar age, may underlie many aspects of normal human interindividual differences and may be an important point of convergence for multiple kinds of pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ling
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - James Nemesh
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Goldman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nolan Kamitaki
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nora Reed
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert E Handsaker
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulio Genovese
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Vogelgsang
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sherif Gerges
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seva Kashin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sulagna Ghosh
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Meyer
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa Lutservitz
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Mullally
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alec Wysoker
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liv Spina
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Neumann
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marina Hogan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiku Ichihara
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabina Berretta
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Gao L, Gao S, Shan H, Wu Y, Zhou Q. GSK-3β inhibitor TWS119 promotes neuronal differentiation after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats. Neuroreport 2024; 35:200-207. [PMID: 38305107 PMCID: PMC10833190 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Brain injury in preterm infants is a major cause of disability and mortality in children. GSK-3β is a common pathogenic factor for cognitive dysfunction and involves in neuronal proliferation and differentiation. However, GSK-3β affected neuronal differentiation and its molecular pathogenesis after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of GSK-3β inhibitor (TWS119) on cell cycle regulatory proteins, a neuronal differentiation factor (CEND1), maturation neurons, T-box brain transcription factor 1 (TBR1)-positive neurons to clarify the mechanisms of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats. We used hypoxic-ischemic Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats with brain damage as models. These rats were used for investigating the effect of GSK-3β on cell cycle regulatory proteins, neuronal differentiation factor (CEND1), maturation neurons, TBR1-positive neurons by western blot and immunofluorescence. Cyclin D1 (a positive cell cycle regulator) expression decreased, and p21 (a negative cell cycle regulator) expression increased in the TWS119 group compared to the hypoxia-ischemia (HI) group 7 days after HI. Additionally, compared to the HI group, TWS119 treatment up-regulated CEND1 expression and promoted neuronal differentiation and cortex development based on NeuN and TBR1 expression. Our study suggests that the GSK-3β inhibitor TWS119 promotes neuronal differentiation after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats by inhibiting cell cycle pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hailei Shan
- Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde City, Hebei Province, China
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5
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Qiu C, Martin BK, Welsh IC, Daza RM, Le TM, Huang X, Nichols EK, Taylor ML, Fulton O, O'Day DR, Gomes AR, Ilcisin S, Srivatsan S, Deng X, Disteche CM, Noble WS, Hamazaki N, Moens CB, Kimelman D, Cao J, Schier AF, Spielmann M, Murray SA, Trapnell C, Shendure J. A single-cell time-lapse of mouse prenatal development from gastrula to birth. Nature 2024; 626:1084-1093. [PMID: 38355799 PMCID: PMC10901739 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The house mouse (Mus musculus) is an exceptional model system, combining genetic tractability with close evolutionary affinity to humans1,2. Mouse gestation lasts only 3 weeks, during which the genome orchestrates the astonishing transformation of a single-cell zygote into a free-living pup composed of more than 500 million cells. Here, to establish a global framework for exploring mammalian development, we applied optimized single-cell combinatorial indexing3 to profile the transcriptional states of 12.4 million nuclei from 83 embryos, precisely staged at 2- to 6-hour intervals spanning late gastrulation (embryonic day 8) to birth (postnatal day 0). From these data, we annotate hundreds of cell types and explore the ontogenesis of the posterior embryo during somitogenesis and of kidney, mesenchyme, retina and early neurons. We leverage the temporal resolution and sampling depth of these whole-embryo snapshots, together with published data4-8 from earlier timepoints, to construct a rooted tree of cell-type relationships that spans the entirety of prenatal development, from zygote to birth. Throughout this tree, we systematically nominate genes encoding transcription factors and other proteins as candidate drivers of the in vivo differentiation of hundreds of cell types. Remarkably, the most marked temporal shifts in cell states are observed within one hour of birth and presumably underlie the massive physiological adaptations that must accompany the successful transition of a mammalian fetus to life outside the womb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiang Qiu
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Beth K Martin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Riza M Daza
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Truc-Mai Le
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xingfan Huang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eva K Nichols
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan L Taylor
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olivia Fulton
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Diana R O'Day
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Saskia Ilcisin
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivatsan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xinxian Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine M Disteche
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William Stafford Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Hamazaki
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Kimelman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junyue Cao
- Laboratory of Single-Cell Genomics and Population dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander F Schier
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and Kiel University, Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Cole Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Hub for Synthetic Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Seattle Hub for Synthetic Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
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6
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Hruska-Plochan M, Wiersma VI, Betz KM, Mallona I, Ronchi S, Maniecka Z, Hock EM, Tantardini E, Laferriere F, Sahadevan S, Hoop V, Delvendahl I, Pérez-Berlanga M, Gatta B, Panatta M, van der Bourg A, Bohaciakova D, Sharma P, De Vos L, Frontzek K, Aguzzi A, Lashley T, Robinson MD, Karayannis T, Mueller M, Hierlemann A, Polymenidou M. A model of human neural networks reveals NPTX2 pathology in ALS and FTLD. Nature 2024; 626:1073-1083. [PMID: 38355792 PMCID: PMC10901740 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Human cellular models of neurodegeneration require reproducibility and longevity, which is necessary for simulating age-dependent diseases. Such systems are particularly needed for TDP-43 proteinopathies1, which involve human-specific mechanisms2-5 that cannot be directly studied in animal models. Here, to explore the emergence and consequences of TDP-43 pathologies, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived, colony morphology neural stem cells (iCoMoNSCs) via manual selection of neural precursors6. Single-cell transcriptomics and comparison to independent neural stem cells7 showed that iCoMoNSCs are uniquely homogenous and self-renewing. Differentiated iCoMoNSCs formed a self-organized multicellular system consisting of synaptically connected and electrophysiologically active neurons, which matured into long-lived functional networks (which we designate iNets). Neuronal and glial maturation in iNets was similar to that of cortical organoids8. Overexpression of wild-type TDP-43 in a minority of neurons within iNets led to progressive fragmentation and aggregation of the protein, resulting in a partial loss of function and neurotoxicity. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed a novel set of misregulated RNA targets in TDP-43-overexpressing neurons and in patients with TDP-43 proteinopathies exhibiting a loss of nuclear TDP-43. The strongest misregulated target encoded the synaptic protein NPTX2, the levels of which are controlled by TDP-43 binding on its 3' untranslated region. When NPTX2 was overexpressed in iNets, it exhibited neurotoxicity, whereas correcting NPTX2 misregulation partially rescued neurons from TDP-43-induced neurodegeneration. Notably, NPTX2 was consistently misaccumulated in neurons from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology. Our work directly links TDP-43 misregulation and NPTX2 accumulation, thereby revealing a TDP-43-dependent pathway of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera I Wiersma
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina M Betz
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Izaskun Mallona
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ronchi
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
- MaxWell Biosystems AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zuzanna Maniecka
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva-Maria Hock
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tantardini
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florent Laferriere
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonu Sahadevan
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Hoop
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Igor Delvendahl
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Beatrice Gatta
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Panatta
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Puneet Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- NCCR RNA and Disease Technology Platform, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura De Vos
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Frontzek
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological diseases, Department of Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Ciceri G, Baggiolini A, Cho HS, Kshirsagar M, Benito-Kwiecinski S, Walsh RM, Aromolaran KA, Gonzalez-Hernandez AJ, Munguba H, Koo SY, Xu N, Sevilla KJ, Goldstein PA, Levitz J, Leslie CS, Koche RP, Studer L. An epigenetic barrier sets the timing of human neuronal maturation. Nature 2024; 626:881-890. [PMID: 38297124 PMCID: PMC10881400 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The pace of human brain development is highly protracted compared with most other species1-7. The maturation of cortical neurons is particularly slow, taking months to years to develop adult functions3-5. Remarkably, such protracted timing is retained in cortical neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) during in vitro differentiation or upon transplantation into the mouse brain4,8,9. Those findings suggest the presence of a cell-intrinsic clock setting the pace of neuronal maturation, although the molecular nature of this clock remains unknown. Here we identify an epigenetic developmental programme that sets the timing of human neuronal maturation. First, we developed a hPSC-based approach to synchronize the birth of cortical neurons in vitro which enabled us to define an atlas of morphological, functional and molecular maturation. We observed a slow unfolding of maturation programmes, limited by the retention of specific epigenetic factors. Loss of function of several of those factors in cortical neurons enables precocious maturation. Transient inhibition of EZH2, EHMT1 and EHMT2 or DOT1L, at progenitor stage primes newly born neurons to rapidly acquire mature properties upon differentiation. Thus our findings reveal that the rate at which human neurons mature is set well before neurogenesis through the establishment of an epigenetic barrier in progenitor cells. Mechanistically, this barrier holds transcriptional maturation programmes in a poised state that is gradually released to ensure the prolonged timeline of human cortical neuron maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ciceri
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona Institutes of Science (BIOS+), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Hyein S Cho
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meghana Kshirsagar
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Microsoft AI for Good Research, Redmond, WA, USA
| | - Silvia Benito-Kwiecinski
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan M Walsh
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Hermany Munguba
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - So Yeon Koo
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Neuroscience PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan Xu
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaylin J Sevilla
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Goldstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina S Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard P Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Nascimento MA, Biagiotti S, Herranz-Pérez V, Santiago S, Bueno R, Ye CJ, Abel TJ, Zhang Z, Rubio-Moll JS, Kriegstein AR, Yang Z, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Huang EJ, Alvarez-Buylla A, Sorrells SF. Protracted neuronal recruitment in the temporal lobes of young children. Nature 2024; 626:1056-1065. [PMID: 38122823 PMCID: PMC10901738 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The temporal lobe of the human brain contains the entorhinal cortex (EC). This region of the brain is a highly interconnected integrative hub for sensory and spatial information; it also has a key role in episodic memory formation and is the main source of cortical hippocampal inputs1-4. The human EC continues to develop during childhood5, but neurogenesis and neuronal migration to the EC are widely considered to be complete by birth. Here we show that the human temporal lobe contains many young neurons migrating into the postnatal EC and adjacent regions, with a large tangential stream persisting until the age of around one year and radial dispersal continuing until around two to three years of age. By contrast, we found no equivalent postnatal migration in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Immunostaining and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of ganglionic eminence germinal zones, the EC stream and the postnatal EC revealed that most migrating cells in the EC stream are derived from the caudal ganglionic eminence and become LAMP5+RELN+ inhibitory interneurons. These late-arriving interneurons could continue to shape the processing of sensory and spatial information well into postnatal life, when children are actively interacting with their environment. The EC is one of the first regions of the brain to be affected in Alzheimer's disease, and previous work has linked cognitive decline to the loss of LAMP5+RELN+ cells6,7. Our investigation reveals that many of these cells arrive in the EC through a major postnatal migratory stream in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Assis Nascimento
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sean Biagiotti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Samara Santiago
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Graduate Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raymund Bueno
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun J Ye
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute of Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taylor J Abel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhuangzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan S Rubio-Moll
- Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arnold R Kriegstein
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhengang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Institute Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eric J Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Shawn F Sorrells
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience Graduate Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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9
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Sepp M, Leiss K, Murat F, Okonechnikov K, Joshi P, Leushkin E, Spänig L, Mbengue N, Schneider C, Schmidt J, Trost N, Schauer M, Khaitovich P, Lisgo S, Palkovits M, Giere P, Kutscher LM, Anders S, Cardoso-Moreira M, Sarropoulos I, Pfister SM, Kaessmann H. Cellular development and evolution of the mammalian cerebellum. Nature 2024; 625:788-796. [PMID: 38029793 PMCID: PMC10808058 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of the neocortex, a hallmark of mammalian evolution1,2, was accompanied by an increase in cerebellar neuron numbers3. However, little is known about the evolution of the cellular programmes underlying the development of the cerebellum in mammals. In this study we generated single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data for around 400,000 cells to trace the development of the cerebellum from early neurogenesis to adulthood in human, mouse and the marsupial opossum. We established a consensus classification of the cellular diversity in the developing mammalian cerebellum and validated it by spatial mapping in the fetal human cerebellum. Our cross-species analyses revealed largely conserved developmental dynamics of cell-type generation, except for Purkinje cells, for which we observed an expansion of early-born subtypes in the human lineage. Global transcriptome profiles, conserved cell-state markers and gene-expression trajectories across neuronal differentiation show that cerebellar cell-type-defining programmes have been overall preserved for at least 160 million years. However, we also identified many orthologous genes that gained or lost expression in cerebellar neural cell types in one of the species or evolved new expression trajectories during neuronal differentiation, indicating widespread gene repurposing at the cell-type level. In sum, our study unveils shared and lineage-specific gene-expression programmes governing the development of cerebellar cells and expands our understanding of mammalian brain evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sepp
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kevin Leiss
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Florent Murat
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- INRAE, LPGP, Rennes, France
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikov
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Developmental Origins of Pediatric Cancer Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evgeny Leushkin
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Spänig
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Developmental Origins of Pediatric Cancer Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Noe Mbengue
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Céline Schneider
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Schmidt
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Trost
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Schauer
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Steven Lisgo
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Giere
- Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena M Kutscher
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Developmental Origins of Pediatric Cancer Junior Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Anders
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ioannis Sarropoulos
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Henrik Kaessmann
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Fonódi M, Thalwieser Z, Csortos C, Boratkó A. TIMAP, a Regulatory Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 1, Inhibits In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17360. [PMID: 38139189 PMCID: PMC10744335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
TIMAP (TGF-β-inhibited membrane associated protein) is abundant in endothelial cells, and it has been regarded as a member of the myosin phosphatase targeting protein (MYPT) family. Our workgroup previously identified several interacting protein partners of TIMAP and proved its regulatory subunit role for protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit (PP1c). TIMAP is also expressed in neuronal cells, but details of its function have not been studied yet. Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of TIMAP in neuronal cells, especially during differentiation. Expression of TIMAP was proved both at mRNA and protein levels in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells was optimized and proved by the detection of neuronal differentiation markers, such as β3-tubulin, nestin and inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) using qPCR and Western blot. We found downregulation of TIMAP during differentiation. In accordance with this, overexpression of recombinant TIMAP attenuated the differentiation of neuronal cells. Moreover, the subcellular localization of TIMAP has changed during differentiation as it translocated from the plasma membrane into the nucleus. The nuclear interactome of TIMAP revealed more than 50 proteins, offering the possibility to further investigate the role of TIMAP in several key physiological pathways of neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anita Boratkó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.F.); (Z.T.); (C.C.)
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11
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Hahn J, Monavarfeshani A, Qiao M, Kao AH, Kölsch Y, Kumar A, Kunze VP, Rasys AM, Richardson R, Wekselblatt JB, Baier H, Lucas RJ, Li W, Meister M, Trachtenberg JT, Yan W, Peng YR, Sanes JR, Shekhar K. Evolution of neuronal cell classes and types in the vertebrate retina. Nature 2023; 624:415-424. [PMID: 38092908 PMCID: PMC10719112 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The basic plan of the retina is conserved across vertebrates, yet species differ profoundly in their visual needs1. Retinal cell types may have evolved to accommodate these varied needs, but this has not been systematically studied. Here we generated and integrated single-cell transcriptomic atlases of the retina from 17 species: humans, two non-human primates, four rodents, three ungulates, opossum, ferret, tree shrew, a bird, a reptile, a teleost fish and a lamprey. We found high molecular conservation of the six retinal cell classes (photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and Müller glia), with transcriptomic variation across species related to evolutionary distance. Major subclasses were also conserved, whereas variation among cell types within classes or subclasses was more pronounced. However, an integrative analysis revealed that numerous cell types are shared across species, based on conserved gene expression programmes that are likely to trace back to an early ancestral vertebrate. The degree of variation among cell types increased from the outer retina (photoreceptors) to the inner retina (RGCs), suggesting that evolution acts preferentially to shape the retinal output. Finally, we identified rodent orthologues of midget RGCs, which comprise more than 80% of RGCs in the human retina, subserve high-acuity vision, and were previously believed to be restricted to primates2. By contrast, the mouse orthologues have large receptive fields and comprise around 2% of mouse RGCs. Projections of both primate and mouse orthologous types are overrepresented in the thalamus, which supplies the primary visual cortex. We suggest that midget RGCs are not primate innovations, but are descendants of evolutionarily ancient types that decreased in size and increased in number as primates evolved, thereby facilitating high visual acuity and increased cortical processing of visual information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aboozar Monavarfeshani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mu Qiao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- LinkedIn, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Allison H Kao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yvonne Kölsch
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vincent P Kunze
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley M Rasys
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rose Richardson
- Division of Neuroscience and Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joseph B Wekselblatt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Herwig Baier
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Robert J Lucas
- Division of Neuroscience and Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Wei Li
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Markus Meister
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Joshua T Trachtenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Rong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Karthik Shekhar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute,Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Center for Computational Biology, Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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12
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Albini M, Krawczun-Rygmaczewska A, Cesca F. Astrocytes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Neurosci Res 2023; 197:42-51. [PMID: 36780947 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are emerging in the neuroscience field as crucial modulators of brain functions, from the molecular control of synaptic plasticity to orchestrating brain-wide circuit activity for cognitive processes. The cellular pathways through which astrocytes modulate neuronal activity and plasticity are quite diverse. In this review, we focus on neurotrophic pathways, mostly those mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Neurotrophins are a well-known family of trophic factors with pleiotropic functions in neuronal survival, maturation and activity. Within the brain, BDNF is the most abundantly expressed and most studied of all neurotrophins. While we have detailed knowledge of the effect of BDNF on neurons, much less is known about its physiology on astroglia. However, over the last years new findings emerged demonstrating that astrocytes take an active part into BDNF physiology. In this work, we discuss the state-of-the-art knowledge about astrocytes and BDNF. Indeed, astrocytes sense extracellular BDNF through its specific TrkB receptors and activate intracellular responses that greatly vary depending on the brain area, stage of development and receptors expressed. Astrocytes also uptake and recycle BDNF / proBDNF at synapses contributing to synaptic plasticity. Finally, experimental evidence is now available describing deficits in astrocytic BDNF in several neuropathologies, suggesting that astrocytic BDNF may represent a promising target for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Italy; IIT Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Genova, Italy
| | - Alicja Krawczun-Rygmaczewska
- IIT Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Genova, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- IIT Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Genova, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy.
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13
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Taylor KR, Barron T, Hui A, Spitzer A, Yalçin B, Ivec AE, Geraghty AC, Hartmann GG, Arzt M, Gillespie SM, Kim YS, Maleki Jahan S, Zhang H, Shamardani K, Su M, Ni L, Du PP, Woo PJ, Silva-Torres A, Venkatesh HS, Mancusi R, Ponnuswami A, Mulinyawe S, Keough MB, Chau I, Aziz-Bose R, Tirosh I, Suvà ML, Monje M. Glioma synapses recruit mechanisms of adaptive plasticity. Nature 2023; 623:366-374. [PMID: 37914930 PMCID: PMC10632140 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of the nervous system in the regulation of cancer is increasingly appreciated. In gliomas, neuronal activity drives tumour progression through paracrine signalling factors such as neuroligin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor1-3 (BDNF), and also through electrophysiologically functional neuron-to-glioma synapses mediated by AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid) receptors4,5. The consequent glioma cell membrane depolarization drives tumour proliferation4,6. In the healthy brain, activity-regulated secretion of BDNF promotes adaptive plasticity of synaptic connectivity7,8 and strength9-15. Here we show that malignant synapses exhibit similar plasticity regulated by BDNF. Signalling through the receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B16 (TrkB) to CAMKII, BDNF promotes AMPA receptor trafficking to the glioma cell membrane, resulting in increased amplitude of glutamate-evoked currents in the malignant cells. Linking plasticity of glioma synaptic strength to tumour growth, graded optogenetic control of glioma membrane potential demonstrates that greater depolarizing current amplitude promotes increased glioma proliferation. This potentiation of malignant synaptic strength shares mechanistic features with synaptic plasticity17-22 that contributes to memory and learning in the healthy brain23-26. BDNF-TrkB signalling also regulates the number of neuron-to-glioma synapses. Abrogation of activity-regulated BDNF secretion from the brain microenvironment or loss of glioma TrkB expression robustly inhibits tumour progression. Blocking TrkB genetically or pharmacologically abrogates these effects of BDNF on glioma synapses and substantially prolongs survival in xenograft models of paediatric glioblastoma and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Together, these findings indicate that BDNF-TrkB signalling promotes malignant synaptic plasticity and augments tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Taylor
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tara Barron
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexa Hui
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Avishay Spitzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Belgin Yalçin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexis E Ivec
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna C Geraghty
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Griffin G Hartmann
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marlene Arzt
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shawn M Gillespie
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samin Maleki Jahan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helena Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kiarash Shamardani
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Minhui Su
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lijun Ni
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter P Du
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pamelyn J Woo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arianna Silva-Torres
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Humsa S Venkatesh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Mancusi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anitha Ponnuswami
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sara Mulinyawe
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael B Keough
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isabelle Chau
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Razina Aziz-Bose
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford California, Stanford, CA, USA.
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14
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Braun E, Danan-Gotthold M, Borm LE, Lee KW, Vinsland E, Lönnerberg P, Hu L, Li X, He X, Andrusivová Ž, Lundeberg J, Barker RA, Arenas E, Sundström E, Linnarsson S. Comprehensive cell atlas of the first-trimester developing human brain. Science 2023; 382:eadf1226. [PMID: 37824650 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The adult human brain comprises more than a thousand distinct neuronal and glial cell types, a diversity that emerges during early brain development. To reveal the precise sequence of events during early brain development, we used single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics and uncovered cell states and trajectories in human brains at 5 to 14 postconceptional weeks (pcw). We identified 12 major classes that are organized as ~600 distinct cell states, which map to precise spatial anatomical domains at 5 pcw. We described detailed differentiation trajectories of the human forebrain and midbrain and found a large number of region-specific glioblasts that mature into distinct pre-astrocytes and pre-oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Our findings reveal the establishment of cell types during the first trimester of human brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Braun
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miri Danan-Gotthold
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars E Borm
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ka Wai Lee
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Vinsland
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lijuan Hu
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoling He
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Žaneta Andrusivová
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundström
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Pandit M, Akhtar MN, Sundaram S, Sahoo S, Manjunath LE, Eswarappa SM. Termination codon readthrough of NNAT mRNA regulates calcium-mediated neuronal differentiation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105184. [PMID: 37611826 PMCID: PMC10506107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Termination codon readthrough (TCR) is a process in which ribosomes continue to translate an mRNA beyond a stop codon generating a C-terminally extended protein isoform. Here, we demonstrate TCR in mammalian NNAT mRNA, which encodes NNAT, a proteolipid important for neuronal differentiation. This is a programmed event driven by cis-acting RNA sequences present immediately upstream and downstream of the canonical stop codon and is negatively regulated by NONO, an RNA-binding protein known to promote neuronal differentiation. Unlike the canonical isoform NNAT, we determined that the TCR product (NNATx) does not show detectable interaction with the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase isoform 2 Ca2+ pump, cannot increase cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, and therefore does not enhance neuronal differentiation in Neuro-2a cells. Additionally, an antisense oligonucleotide that targets a region downstream of the canonical stop codon reduced TCR of NNAT and enhanced the differentiation of Neuro-2a cells to cholinergic neurons. Furthermore, NNATx-deficient Neuro-2a cells, generated using CRISPR-Cas9, showed increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and enhanced neuronal differentiation. Overall, these results demonstrate regulation of neuronal differentiation by TCR of NNAT. Importantly, this process can be modulated using a synthetic antisense oligonucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Pandit
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Md Noor Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Susinder Sundaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lekha E Manjunath
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep M Eswarappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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16
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Hernandez LM, Montersino A, Niu J, Guo S, Faezov B, Sanders SS, Dunbrack RL, Thomas GM. Palmitoylation-dependent control of JAK1 kinase signaling governs responses to neuropoietic cytokines and survival in DRG neurons. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104965. [PMID: 37356718 PMCID: PMC10413081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus Kinase-1 (JAK1) plays key roles during neurodevelopment and following neuronal injury, while activatory JAK1 mutations are linked to leukemia. In mice, Jak1 genetic deletion results in perinatal lethality, suggesting non-redundant roles and/or regulation of JAK1 for which other JAKs cannot compensate. Proteomic studies reveal that JAK1 is more likely palmitoylated compared to other JAKs, implicating palmitoylation as a possible JAK1-specific regulatory mechanism. However, the importance of palmitoylation for JAK1 signaling has not been addressed. Here, we report that JAK1 is palmitoylated in transfected HEK293T cells and endogenously in cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) neurons. We further use comprehensive screening in transfected non-neuronal cells and shRNA-mediated knockdown in DRG neurons to identify the related enzymes ZDHHC3 and ZDHHC7 as dominant protein acyltransferases (PATs) for JAK1. Surprisingly, we found palmitoylation minimally affects JAK1 localization in neurons, but is critical for JAK1's kinase activity in cells and even in vitro. We propose this requirement is likely because palmitoylation facilitates transphosphorylation of key sites in JAK1's activation loop, a possibility consistent with structural models of JAK1. Importantly, we demonstrate a leukemia-associated JAK1 mutation overrides the palmitoylation-dependence of JAK1 activity, potentially explaining why this mutation is oncogenic. Finally, we show that JAK1 palmitoylation is important for neuropoietic cytokine-dependent signaling and neuronal survival and that combined Zdhhc3/7 loss phenocopies loss of palmitoyl-JAK1. These findings provide new insights into the control of JAK signaling in both physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiselys M Hernandez
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Audrey Montersino
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingwen Niu
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuchi Guo
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bulat Faezov
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Shaun S Sanders
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roland L Dunbrack
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gareth M Thomas
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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17
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Caglayan E, Ayhan F, Liu Y, Vollmer RM, Oh E, Sherwood CC, Preuss TM, Yi SV, Konopka G. Molecular features driving cellular complexity of human brain evolution. Nature 2023; 620:145-153. [PMID: 37468639 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Human-specific genomic changes contribute to the unique functionalities of the human brain1-5. The cellular heterogeneity of the human brain6,7 and the complex regulation of gene expression highlight the need to characterize human-specific molecular features at cellular resolution. Here we analysed single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing datasets for human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque brain tissue from posterior cingulate cortex. We show a human-specific increase of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and a decrease of mature oligodendrocytes across cortical tissues. Human-specific regulatory changes were accelerated in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and we highlight key biological pathways that may be associated with the proportional changes. We also identify human-specific regulatory changes in neuronal subtypes, which reveal human-specific upregulation of FOXP2 in only two of the neuronal subtypes. We additionally identify hundreds of new human accelerated genomic regions associated with human-specific chromatin accessibility changes. Our data also reveal that FOS::JUN and FOX motifs are enriched in the human-specifically accessible chromatin regions of excitatory neuronal subtypes. Together, our results reveal several new mechanisms underlying the evolutionary innovation of human brain at cell-type resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Caglayan
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fatma Ayhan
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rachael M Vollmer
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Emily Oh
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Todd M Preuss
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Soojin V Yi
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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18
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Unzueta-Larrinaga P, Barrena-Barbadillo R, Ibarra-Lecue I, Horrillo I, Villate A, Recio M, Meana JJ, Diez-Alarcia R, Mentxaka O, Segarra R, Etxebarria N, Callado LF, Urigüen L. Isolation and Differentiation of Neurons and Glial Cells from Olfactory Epithelium in Living Subjects. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4472-4487. [PMID: 37118325 PMCID: PMC10293402 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The study of psychiatric and neurological diseases requires the substrate in which the disorders occur, that is, the nervous tissue. Currently, several types of human bio-specimens are being used for research, including postmortem brains, cerebrospinal fluid, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and induced neuronal (iN) cells. However, these samples are far from providing a useful predictive, diagnostic, or prognostic biomarker. The olfactory epithelium is a region close to the brain that has received increased interest as a research tool for the study of brain mechanisms in complex neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. The olfactory sensory neurons are replaced by neurogenesis throughout adult life from stem cells on the basement membrane. These stem cells are multipotent and can be propagated in neurospheres, proliferated in vitro and differentiated into multiple cell types including neurons and glia. For all these reasons, olfactory epithelium provides a unique resource for investigating neuronal molecular markers of neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. Here, we describe the isolation and culture of human differentiated neurons and glial cells from olfactory epithelium of living subjects by an easy and non-invasive exfoliation method that may serve as a useful tool for the research in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Unzueta-Larrinaga
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Rocío Barrena-Barbadillo
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Nursery, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Inés Ibarra-Lecue
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Igor Horrillo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor Villate
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- PiE-UPV/EHU, Plentzia, ItsasEstazioa, Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Maria Recio
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - J Javier Meana
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Diez-Alarcia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oihane Mentxaka
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Rafael Segarra
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- PiE-UPV/EHU, Plentzia, ItsasEstazioa, Areatza Pasealekua, 48620, Plentzia, Spain
| | - Luis F Callado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leyre Urigüen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain.
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Middleton RC, Liao K, Liu W, de Couto G, Garcia N, Antes T, Wang Y, Wu D, Li X, Tourtellotte WG, Marbán E. Newt A1 cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote mammalian nerve growth. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11829. [PMID: 37481602 PMCID: PMC10363125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Newts have the extraordinary ability to fully regenerate lost or damaged cardiac, neural and retinal tissues, and even amputated limbs. In contrast, mammals lack these broad regenerative capabilities. While the molecular basis of newts' regenerative ability is the subject of active study, the underlying paracrine signaling factors involved remain largely uncharacterized. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in cell-to-cell communication via EV cargo-mediated regulation of gene expression patterns within the recipient cells. Here, we report that newt myogenic precursor (A1) cells secrete EVs (A1EVs) that contain messenger RNAs associated with early embryonic development, neuronal differentiation, and cell survival. Exposure of rat primary superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons to A1EVs increased neurite outgrowth, facilitated by increases in mitochondrial respiration. Canonical pathway analysis pinpointed activation of NGF/ERK5 signaling in SCG neurons exposed to A1EV, which was validated experimentally. Thus, newt EVs drive neurite growth and complexity in mammalian primary neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Middleton
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd #2900A, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ke Liao
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd #2900A, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Weixin Liu
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd #2900A, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Geoff de Couto
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd #2900A, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Nahuel Garcia
- Gecorp, Av Juan Manuel de Rosas 899, San Miguel del Monte, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Travis Antes
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd #2900A, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd #2900A, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd #2900A, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Xinling Li
- Applied Genomics, Computation and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd #2900A, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Warren G Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd #2900A, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd #2900A, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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20
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Lowenstein ED, Cui K, Hernandez-Miranda LR. Regulation of early cerebellar development. FEBS J 2023; 290:2786-2804. [PMID: 35262281 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The study of cerebellar development has been at the forefront of neuroscience since the pioneering work of Wilhelm His Sr., Santiago Ramón y Cajal and many others since the 19th century. They laid the foundation to identify the circuitry of the cerebellum, already revealing its stereotypic three-layered cortex and discerning several of its neuronal components. Their work was fundamental in the acceptance of the neuron doctrine, which acknowledges the key role of individual neurons in forming the basic units of the nervous system. Increasing evidence shows that the cerebellum performs a variety of homeostatic and higher order neuronal functions beyond the mere control of motor behaviour. Over the last three decades, many studies have revealed the molecular machinery that regulates distinct aspects of cerebellar development, from the establishment of a cerebellar anlage in the posterior brain to the identification of cerebellar neuron diversity at the single cell level. In this review, we focus on summarizing our current knowledge on early cerebellar development with a particular emphasis on the molecular determinants that secure neuron specification and contribute to the diversity of cerebellar neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Cui
- Institut für Zell- and Neurobiologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis Rodrigo Hernandez-Miranda
- Institut für Zell- and Neurobiologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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21
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Teles E Silva AL, Yokota BY, Sertié AL, Zampieri BL. Generation of Urine-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cerebral Organoids for Modeling Down Syndrome. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1116-1123. [PMID: 36652145 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS, or trisomy 21, T21), is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Alterations in the complex process of cerebral cortex development contribute to the neurological deficits in DS, although the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not completely understood. Human cerebral organoids (COs) derived from three-dimensional (3D) cultures of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a new avenue for gaining a better understanding of DS neuropathology. In this study, we aimed to generate iPSCs from individuals with DS (T21-iPSCs) and euploid controls using urine-derived cells, which can be easily and noninvasively obtained from most individuals, and examine their ability to differentiate into neurons and astrocytes grown in monolayer cultures, as well as into 3D COs. We employed nonintegrating episomal vectors to generate urine-derived iPSC lines, and a simple-to-use system to produce COs with forebrain identity. We observed that both T21 and control urine-derived iPSC lines successfully differentiate into neurons and astrocytes in monolayer, as well as into COs that recapitulate early features of human cortical development, including organization of neural progenitor zones, programmed differentiation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and upper-and deep-layer cortical neurons as well as astrocytes. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the suitability of using urine-derived iPSC lines to produce COs for modeling DS.
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22
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Diaz C, Franks KM, Blazing RM. Neuroscience: Seq-ing maps in the olfactory cortex. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R266-R269. [PMID: 37040708 PMCID: PMC10644302 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Many cortical brain regions are spatially organized to optimize sensory representation. Such topographic maps have so far been elusive in the olfactory cortex. A high-throughput tracing study reveals that the neural circuits connecting olfactory regions are indeed topographically organized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Diaz
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Kevin M Franks
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | - Robin M Blazing
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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23
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Adams JW, Negraes PD, Truong J, Tran T, Szeto RA, Guerra BS, Herai RH, Teodorof-Diedrich C, Spector SA, Del Campo M, Jones KL, Muotri AR, Trujillo CA. Impact of alcohol exposure on neural development and network formation in human cortical organoids. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1571-1584. [PMID: 36385168 PMCID: PMC10208963 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the foremost preventable etiology of intellectual disability and leads to a collection of diagnoses known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Alcohol (EtOH) impacts diverse neural cell types and activity, but the precise functional pathophysiological effects on the human fetal cerebral cortex are unclear. Here, we used human cortical organoids to study the effects of EtOH on neurogenesis and validated our findings in primary human fetal neurons. EtOH exposure produced temporally dependent cellular effects on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. In addition, we identified EtOH-induced alterations in post-translational histone modifications and chromatin accessibility, leading to impairment of cAMP and calcium signaling, glutamatergic synaptic development, and astrocytic function. Proteomic spatial profiling of cortical organoids showed region-specific, EtOH-induced alterations linked to changes in cytoskeleton, gliogenesis, and impaired synaptogenesis. Finally, multi-electrode array electrophysiology recordings confirmed the deleterious impact of EtOH on neural network formation and activity in cortical organoids, which was validated in primary human fetal tissues. Our findings demonstrate progress in defining the human molecular and cellular phenotypic signatures of prenatal alcohol exposure on functional neurodevelopment, increasing our knowledge for potential therapeutic interventions targeting FASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Adams
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Justin Truong
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Timothy Tran
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ryan A Szeto
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bruno S Guerra
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Carmen Teodorof-Diedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephen A Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Miguel Del Campo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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24
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Wong HTC, Lukasz D, Drerup CM, Kindt KS. In vivo investigation of mitochondria in lateral line afferent neurons and hair cells. Hear Res 2023; 431:108740. [PMID: 36948126 PMCID: PMC10079644 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
To process sensory stimuli, intense energy demands are placed on hair cells and primary afferents. Hair cells must both mechanotransduce and maintain pools of synaptic vesicles for neurotransmission. Furthermore, both hair cells and afferent neurons must continually maintain a polarized membrane to propagate sensory information. These processes are energy demanding and therefore both cell types are critically reliant on mitochondrial health and function for their activity and maintenance. Based on these demands, it is not surprising that deficits in mitochondrial health can negatively impact the auditory and vestibular systems. In this review, we reflect on how mitochondrial function and dysfunction are implicated in hair cell-mediated sensory system biology. Specifically, we focus on live imaging approaches that have been applied to study mitochondria using the zebrafish lateral-line system. We highlight the fluorescent dyes and genetically encoded biosensors that have been used to study mitochondria in lateral-line hair cells and afferent neurons. We then describe the impact this in vivo work has had on the field of mitochondrial biology as well as the relationship between mitochondria and sensory system development, function, and survival. Finally, we delineate the areas in need of further exploration. This includes in vivo analyses of mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, which will round out our understanding of mitochondrial biology in this sensitive sensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu-Tung C Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Daria Lukasz
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute of Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Catherine M Drerup
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Katie S Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute of Deafness and other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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25
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Galkina OV, Vetrovoy OV, Krasovskaya IE, Eschenko ND. Role of Lipids in Regulation of Neuroglial Interactions. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2023; 88:337-352. [PMID: 37076281 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Lipids comprise an extremely heterogeneous group of compounds that perform a wide variety of biological functions. Traditional view of lipids as important structural components of the cell and compounds playing a trophic role is currently being supplemented by information on the possible participation of lipids in signaling, not only intracellular, but also intercellular. The review article discusses current data on the role of lipids and their metabolites formed in glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia) in communication of these cells with neurons. In addition to metabolic transformations of lipids in each type of glial cells, special attention is paid to the lipid signal molecules (phosphatidic acid, arachidonic acid and its metabolites, cholesterol, etc.) and the possibility of their participation in realization of synaptic plasticity, as well as in other possible mechanisms associated with neuroplasticity. All these new data can significantly expand our knowledge about the regulatory functions of lipids in neuroglial relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Galkina
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Oleg V Vetrovoy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Irina E Krasovskaya
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Nataliya D Eschenko
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Bradlaugh AA, Fedele G, Munro AL, Hansen CN, Hares JM, Patel S, Kyriacou CP, Jones AR, Rosato E, Baines RA. Essential elements of radical pair magnetosensitivity in Drosophila. Nature 2023; 615:111-116. [PMID: 36813962 PMCID: PMC9977682 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Many animals use Earth's magnetic field (also known as the geomagnetic field) for navigation1. The favoured mechanism for magnetosensitivity involves a blue-light-activated electron-transfer reaction between flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and a chain of tryptophan residues within the photoreceptor protein CRYPTOCHROME (CRY). The spin-state of the resultant radical pair, and therefore the concentration of CRY in its active state, is influenced by the geomagnetic field2. However, the canonical CRY-centric radical-pair mechanism does not explain many physiological and behavioural observations2-8. Here, using electrophysiology and behavioural analyses, we assay magnetic-field responses at the single-neuron and organismal levels. We show that the 52 C-terminal amino acid residues of Drosophila melanogaster CRY, lacking the canonical FAD-binding domain and tryptophan chain, are sufficient to facilitate magnetoreception. We also show that increasing intracellular FAD potentiates both blue-light-induced and magnetic-field-dependent effects on the activity mediated by the C terminus. High levels of FAD alone are sufficient to cause blue-light neuronal sensitivity and, notably, the potentiation of this response in the co-presence of a magnetic field. These results reveal the essential components of a primary magnetoreceptor in flies, providing strong evidence that non-canonical (that is, non-CRY-dependent) radical pairs can elicit magnetic-field responses in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Bradlaugh
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Anna L Munro
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Celia Napier Hansen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - John M Hares
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Pelican Healthcare, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sanjai Patel
- Manchester Fly Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Alex R Jones
- Biometrology, Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Ezio Rosato
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Richard A Baines
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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27
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Pfeifer K, Wolfstetter G, Anthonydhason V, Masudi T, Arefin B, Bemark M, Mendoza-Garcia P, Palmer RH. Patient-associated mutations in Drosophila Alk perturb neuronal differentiation and promote survival. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049591. [PMID: 35972154 PMCID: PMC9403751 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mutations occur in pediatric neuroblastoma and are associated with poor prognosis. To study ALK-activating mutations in a genetically controllable system, we employed CRIPSR/Cas9, incorporating orthologs of the human oncogenic mutations ALKF1174L and ALKY1278S in the Drosophila Alk locus. AlkF1251L and AlkY1355S mutant Drosophila exhibited enhanced Alk signaling phenotypes, but unexpectedly depended on the Jelly belly (Jeb) ligand for activation. Both AlkF1251L and AlkY1355S mutant larval brains displayed hyperplasia, represented by increased numbers of Alk-positive neurons. Despite this hyperplasic phenotype, no brain tumors were observed in mutant animals. We showed that hyperplasia in Alk mutants was not caused by significantly increased rates of proliferation, but rather by decreased levels of apoptosis in the larval brain. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified perturbations during temporal fate specification in AlkY1355S mutant mushroom body lineages. These findings shed light on the role of Alk in neurodevelopmental processes and highlight the potential of Alk-activating mutations to perturb specification and promote survival in neuronal lineages. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Pfeifer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Georg Wolfstetter
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vimala Anthonydhason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tafheem Masudi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Badrul Arefin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patricia Mendoza-Garcia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruth H. Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) modulates social behaviors across species and may play a developmental role for these behaviors and their mediating neural pathways. Despite having high, stable levels of OXT receptor (OXTR) ligand binding from birth, endopiriform nucleus (EPN) remains understudied. EPN integrates olfactory and gustatory input and has reciprocal connections with several limbic areas. Because the role of OXTR signaling in EPN is unknown, we sought to provide anatomical and electrophysiological information about OXTR signaling in mouse EPN neurons. Using in situ hybridization, we found that most EPN neurons co-express Oxtr mRNA and the marker for VGLUT1, a marker for glutamatergic cells. Based on high levels of OXTR ligand binding in EPN, we hypothesized that oxytocin application would modulate activity in these cells as measured by whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. Bath application of OXT and an OXTR specific ligand (TGOT) increased the excitability of EPN neurons in wild-type, but not in OXTR-knockout (KO) tissue. These results show an effect of OXT on a mainly VGLUT1+ cell population within EPN. Given the robust, relatively stable OXTR expression in EPN throughout life, OXTR in this multi-sensory and limbic integration area may be important for modulating activity in response to an array of social or other salient stimuli throughout the lifespan and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Biggs
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A D Hammock
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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29
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Green L, Tingley D, Rinzel J, Buzsáki G. Action-driven remapping of hippocampal neuronal populations in jumping rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122141119. [PMID: 35737843 PMCID: PMC9245695 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122141119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current dominant view of the hippocampus is that it is a navigation "device" guided by environmental inputs. Yet, a critical aspect of navigation is a sequence of planned, coordinated actions. We examined the role of action in the neuronal organization of the hippocampus by training rats to jump a gap on a linear track. Recording local field potentials and ensembles of single units in the hippocampus, we found that jumping produced a stereotypic behavior associated with consistent electrophysiological patterns, including phase reset of theta oscillations, predictable global firing-rate changes, and population vector shifts of hippocampal neurons. A subset of neurons ("jump cells") were systematically affected by the gap but only in one direction of travel. Novel place fields emerged and others were either boosted or attenuated by jumping, yet the theta spike phase versus animal position relationship remained unaltered. Thus, jumping involves an action plan for the animal to traverse the same route as without jumping, which is faithfully tracked by hippocampal neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Green
- Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - David Tingley
- Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016
| | - John Rinzel
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003
- Courant Institute for Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012
| | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003
- Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016
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30
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Rubio-Ferrera I, Baladrón-de-Juan P, Clarembaux-Badell L, Truchado-Garcia M, Jordán-Álvarez S, Thor S, Benito-Sipos J, Monedero Cobeta I. Selective role of the DNA helicase Mcm5 in BMP retrograde signaling during Drosophila neuronal differentiation. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010255. [PMID: 35737938 PMCID: PMC9258838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The MCM2-7 complex is a highly conserved hetero-hexameric protein complex, critical for DNA unwinding at the replicative fork during DNA replication. Overexpression or mutation in MCM2-7 genes is linked to and may drive several cancer types in humans. In mice, mutations in MCM2-7 genes result in growth retardation and mortality. All six MCM2-7 genes are also expressed in the developing mouse CNS, but their role in the CNS is not clear. Here, we use the central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila melanogaster to begin addressing the role of the MCM complex during development, focusing on the specification of a well-studied neuropeptide expressing neuron: the Tv4/FMRFa neuron. In a search for genes involved in the specification of the Tv4/FMRFa neuron we identified Mcm5 and find that it plays a highly specific role in the specification of the Tv4/FMRFa neuron. We find that other components of the MCM2-7 complex phenocopies Mcm5, indicating that the role of Mcm5 in neuronal subtype specification involves the MCM2-7 complex. Surprisingly, we find no evidence of reduced progenitor proliferation, and instead find that Mcm5 is required for the expression of the type I BMP receptor Tkv, which is critical for the FMRFa expression. These results suggest that the MCM2-7 complex may play roles during CNS development outside of its well-established role during DNA replication. The MCM2-7 complex plays a critical role in the DNA replication allowing cells to progress throughout the cell cycle and divide. Overexpression or mutation in MCM2-7 genes is linked to and may drive several cancer types in humans. While MCM2-7 complex is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) during development, its role is not yet clear. Here, we use the CNS of Drosophila melanogaster to address the role of the MCM complex, focusing on the specification of a well-studied neuropeptide expressing neuron: the Tv4/FMRFa neuron. We identified that Mcm5 plays a highly specific role in the specification of this neuron, and it involves other components of the MCM2-7 complex. Despite the described importance of this complex on DNA replication, we find no evidence of reduced progenitor proliferation, and instead we find that Mcm5 is required for the expression of the type I BMP receptor Tkv, which is critical for the specification of the Tv4/FMRFa neuron. These results suggest that the MCM2-7 complex may play roles during CNS development outside of its well-established role during DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rubio-Ferrera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Baladrón-de-Juan
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Clarembaux-Badell
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sheila Jordán-Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Thor
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan Benito-Sipos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (JB-S); (IMC)
| | - Ignacio Monedero Cobeta
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (JB-S); (IMC)
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31
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Schaaf ZA, Tat L, Cannizzaro N, Panoutsopoulos AA, Green R, Rülicke T, Hippenmeyer S, Zarbalis KS. WDFY3 mutation alters laminar position and morphology of cortical neurons. Mol Autism 2022; 13:27. [PMID: 35733184 PMCID: PMC9219247 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper cerebral cortical development depends on the tightly orchestrated migration of newly born neurons from the inner ventricular and subventricular zones to the outer cortical plate. Any disturbance in this process during prenatal stages may lead to neuronal migration disorders (NMDs), which can vary in extent from focal to global. Furthermore, NMDs show a substantial comorbidity with other neurodevelopmental disorders, notably autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Our previous work demonstrated focal neuronal migration defects in mice carrying loss-of-function alleles of the recognized autism risk gene WDFY3. However, the cellular origins of these defects in Wdfy3 mutant mice remain elusive and uncovering it will provide critical insight into WDFY3-dependent disease pathology. METHODS Here, in an effort to untangle the origins of NMDs in Wdfy3lacZ mice, we employed mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM). MADM technology enabled us to genetically distinctly track and phenotypically analyze mutant and wild-type cells concomitantly in vivo using immunofluorescent techniques. RESULTS We revealed a cell autonomous requirement of WDFY3 for accurate laminar positioning of cortical projection neurons and elimination of mispositioned cells during early postnatal life. In addition, we identified significant deviations in dendritic arborization, as well as synaptic density and morphology between wild type, heterozygous, and homozygous Wdfy3 mutant neurons in Wdfy3-MADM reporter mice at postnatal stages. LIMITATIONS While Wdfy3 mutant mice have provided valuable insight into prenatal aspects of ASD pathology that remain inaccessible to investigation in humans, like most animal models, they do not a perfectly replicate all aspects of human ASD biology. The lack of human data makes it indeterminate whether morphological deviations described here apply to ASD patients or some of the other neurodevelopmental conditions associated with WDFY3 mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our genetic approach revealed several cell autonomous requirements of WDFY3 in neuronal development that could underlie the pathogenic mechanisms of WDFY3-related neurodevelopmental conditions. The results are also consistent with findings in other ASD animal models and patients and suggest an important role for WDFY3 in regulating neuronal function and interconnectivity in postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Schaaf
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Lyvin Tat
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Noemi Cannizzaro
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Alexios A Panoutsopoulos
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- University of California at Davis, Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ralph Green
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Hippenmeyer
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Konstantinos S Zarbalis
- University of California at Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Yap CC, Digilio L, McMahon LP, Wang T, Winckler B. Dynein Is Required for Rab7-Dependent Endosome Maturation, Retrograde Dendritic Transport, and Degradation. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4415-4434. [PMID: 35474277 PMCID: PMC9172292 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2530-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In all cell types, endocytosed cargo is transported along a set of endosomal compartments, which are linked maturationally from early endosomes (EEs) via late endosomes (LEs) to lysosomes. Lysosomes are critical for degradation of proteins that enter through endocytic as well as autophagic pathways. Rab7 is the master regulator of early-to-late endosome maturation, motility, and fusion with lysosomes. We previously showed that most degradative lysosomes are localized in the soma and in the first 25 µm of the dendrite and that bulk degradation of dendritic membrane proteins occurs in/near the soma. Dendritic late endosomes therefore move retrogradely in a Rab7-dependent manner for fusion with somatic lysosomes. We now used cultured E18 rat hippocampal neurons of both sexes to determine which microtubule motor is responsible for degradative flux of late endosomes. Based on multiple approaches (inhibiting dynein/dynactin itself or inhibiting dynein recruitment to endosomes by expressing the C-terminus of the Rab7 effector, RILP), we now demonstrate that net retrograde flux of late endosomes in dendrites is supported by dynein. Inhibition of dynein also delays maturation of somatic endosomes, as evidenced by excessive accumulation of Rab7. In addition, degradation of dendritic cargos is inhibited. Our results also suggest that GDP-GTP cycling of Rab7 appears necessary not only for endosomal maturation but also for fusion with lysosomes subsequent to arrival in the soma. In conclusion, Rab7-dependent dynein/dynactin recruitment to dendritic endosomes plays multifaceted roles in dendritic endosome maturation as well as retrograde transport of late endosomes to sustain normal degradative flux.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Lysosomes are critical for degradation of membrane and extracellular proteins that enter through endocytosis. Lysosomes are also the endpoint of autophagy and thus responsible for protein and organelle homeostasis. Endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction is linked to neurodegeneration and aging. We identify roles in dendrites for two proteins with links to human diseases, Rab7 and dynein. Our previous work identified a process that requires directional retrograde transport in dendrites, namely, efficient degradation of short-lived membrane proteins. Based on multiple approaches, we demonstrate that Rab7-dependent recruitment of dynein motors supports net retrograde transport to lysosomes and is needed for endosome maturation. Our data also suggest that GDP-GTP cycling of Rab7 is required for fusion with lysosomes and degradation, subsequent to arrival in the soma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Choo Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Laura Digilio
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Lloyd P McMahon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Tuanlao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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Steinbauer P, Monje FJ, Kothgassner O, Goreis A, Eva C, Wildner B, Schned H, Deindl P, Seki D, Berger A, Olischar M, Giordano V. The consequences of neonatal pain, stress and opiate administration in animal models: An extensive meta-analysis concerning neuronal cell death, motor and behavioral outcomes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104661. [PMID: 35427643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association of neonatal exposure to pain, stress, opiate administration alone, as well as opiate administration prior to a painful procedure on neuronal cell death, motor, and behavioral outcomes in rodents. In total, 36 studies investigating the effect of pain (n = 18), stress (n = 15), opiate administration (n = 13), as well as opiate administration prior to a painful event (n = 7) in rodents were included in our meta-analysis. The results showed a large effect of pain (g = 1.37, 95% CI 1.00-1.74, p < .001) on neuronal cell death. Moreover, higher number of neonatal pain events were significantly associated with increased neuronal cell death, increased anxiety (b = -1.18, SE = 0.43, p = .006), and depressant-like behavior (b = 1.74, SE = 0.51, p = .027) in rodents. Both opiates and pain had no impact on motor function (g = 0.26, 95% CI 0.18-0.70, p = .248).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Steinbauer
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Francisco J Monje
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oswald Kothgassner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Goreis
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Outpatient Unit for Research, Teaching and Practice, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chwala Eva
- Information Retrieval Office, University Library of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Wildner
- Information Retrieval Office, University Library of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah Schned
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Deindl
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - David Seki
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science Division of Microbial Ecology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Olischar
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vito Giordano
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Schrötter S, Yuskaitis CJ, MacArthur MR, Mitchell SJ, Hosios AM, Osipovich M, Torrence ME, Mitchell JR, Hoxhaj G, Sahin M, Manning BD. The non-essential TSC complex component TBC1D7 restricts tissue mTORC1 signaling and brain and neuron growth. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110824. [PMID: 35584673 PMCID: PMC9175135 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 1 and 2 proteins associate with TBC1D7 to form the TSC complex, which is an essential suppressor of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), a ubiquitous driver of cell and tissue growth. Loss-of-function mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, but not TBC1D7, give rise to TSC, a pleiotropic disorder with aberrant activation of mTORC1 in various tissues. Here, we characterize mice with genetic deletion of Tbc1d7, which are viable with normal growth and development. Consistent with partial loss of function of the TSC complex, Tbc1d7 knockout (KO) mice display variable increases in tissue mTORC1 signaling with increased muscle fiber size but with strength and motor defects. Their most pronounced phenotype is brain overgrowth due to thickening of the cerebral cortex, with enhanced neuron-intrinsic mTORC1 signaling and growth. Thus, TBC1D7 is required for full TSC complex function in tissues, and the brain is particularly sensitive to its growth-suppressing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schrötter
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Yuskaitis
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R MacArthur
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Osipovich
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret E Torrence
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerta Hoxhaj
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan D Manning
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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35
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Pamidi N, Yap CG, Nayak N. Environmental enrichment preserves hippocampal neurons in diabetes and stressed rats. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:385-395. [PMID: 34978332 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Environmental Enrichment (EE) on neuron morphology in the CA1, CA3 and dentate hilus (DH) regions of the hippocampus by quantitating the total dendritic arborizations. EE is a potential intervention for stress and diabetes. It is capable of mitigating diabetes and stress-induced cognitive and memory deficit. Diabetes and stress were induced in male Wistar rats (4-5 weeks). Diabetic and stressed rats were exposed to EE on Day 2 post STZ injection and subsequently once daily for 30 days. All animals were sacrificed on Day 30. The hippocampus was dissected and processed for Golgi staining to quantitate dendritic arborizations at the CA1, CA2 and DH regions. Diabetes (D) and Diabetes+stress (D+S) groups had significantly fewer apical and basal dendritic branching points (ADBP, BDBP) at CA1 (p<0.01), CA3 (p<0.001) and DH (p<0.001) relative to control group (NC). Diabetes and stressed rats exposed to EE: [D+EE and D+S+EE groups] exhibited significantly denser ADBP and BDBP at all regions relative to D (p<0.001) and (D+S+EE) (p<0.001) groups respectively. EE significantly preserved neuronal arborizations in hippocampus of diabetic and stressed rats, suggesting a potential entity of diabetes and stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pamidi
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C G Yap
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - N Nayak
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Wang G, Zhao Z, Ren B, Yu W, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang L, Si D, Yang M. Exenatide exerts a neuroprotective effect against diabetic cognitive impairment in rats by inhibiting apoptosis: Role of the JNK/c‑JUN signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:111. [PMID: 35119079 PMCID: PMC8845025 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exenatide could reduce blood glucose and alleviate cognitive dysfunction induced by diabetes mellitus (DM). In the present study, a diabetic model was established in Sprague‑Dawley rats to further explore the mechanism of exenatide on diabetes‑induced cognitive impairment. Notably, the model rats performed poorly in the Morris water maze test and had more apoptotic neurons compared with the control rats. By contrast, exenatide attenuated cognitive impairment and inhibited neuronal apoptosis in the DM rat model. To explore the neuroprotective mechanisms of exenatide, western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, including cytochrome c (Cyt‑c), Caspase‑3, JNK and c‑JUN, in hippocampal tissue. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was also performed to measure the mRNA expression levels of Cyt‑c and Caspase‑3. After 16 weeks of treatment, exenatide treatment downregulated Cyt‑c, Caspase‑3, phosphorylated (p)‑JNK and p‑c‑JUN expression in the hippocampal tissue of diabetic rats. Moreover, Cyt‑c, Caspase‑3, JNK and JUN expression levels were detected following treatment with a specific inhibitor of JNK (SP600125). The results revealed that SP600125 had similar inhibitory effects on the JNK pathway and ERS‑related protein expression (Cyt‑t, Caspase‑3, p‑JNK and p‑c‑JUN). These results suggested that exenatide improved cognitive dysfunction in DM rats and that the underlying mechanism may be associated with inhibiting apoptosis by suppressing the activation of JNK/c‑JUN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Zongquan Zhao
- General Practice, Pingjiang Xincheng Community Health Service Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215101, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ren
- Medical Experimental Center, Jitang College of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Wu Yu
- School Hospital, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei 053010, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Daowen Si
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Meiliu Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei 053010, P.R. China
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Hiratani N, Latham PE. Developmental and evolutionary constraints on olfactory circuit selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2100600119. [PMID: 35263217 PMCID: PMC8931209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100600119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceIn this work, we explore the hypothesis that biological neural networks optimize their architecture, through evolution, for learning. We study early olfactory circuits of mammals and insects, which have relatively similar structure but a huge diversity in size. We approximate these circuits as three-layer networks and estimate, analytically, the scaling of the optimal hidden-layer size with input-layer size. We find that both longevity and information in the genome constrain the hidden-layer size, so a range of allometric scalings is possible. However, the experimentally observed allometric scalings in mammals and insects are consistent with biologically plausible values. This analysis should pave the way for a deeper understanding of both biological and artificial networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hiratani
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London W1T 4JG, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E. Latham
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London W1T 4JG, United Kingdom
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38
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Curreli S, Bonato J, Romanzi S, Panzeri S, Fellin T. Complementary encoding of spatial information in hippocampal astrocytes. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001530. [PMID: 35239646 PMCID: PMC8893713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium dynamics into astrocytes influence the activity of nearby neuronal structures. However, because previous reports show that astrocytic calcium signals largely mirror neighboring neuronal activity, current information coding models neglect astrocytes. Using simultaneous two-photon calcium imaging of astrocytes and neurons in the hippocampus of mice navigating a virtual environment, we demonstrate that astrocytic calcium signals encode (i.e., statistically reflect) spatial information that could not be explained by visual cue information. Calcium events carrying spatial information occurred in topographically organized astrocytic subregions. Importantly, astrocytes encoded spatial information that was complementary and synergistic to that carried by neurons, improving spatial position decoding when astrocytic signals were considered alongside neuronal ones. These results suggest that the complementary place dependence of localized astrocytic calcium signals may regulate clusters of nearby synapses, enabling dynamic, context-dependent variations in population coding within brain circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Curreli
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Neural Coding Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Bonato
- Neural Coding Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Neural Computation Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Romanzi
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Neural Coding Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Panzeri
- Neural Coding Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Neural Computation Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
- Department of Excellence for Neural Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Fellin
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Neural Coding Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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He G, Wang XY, Jia Z, Zhou Z. Characterizing neurotrophic factor-induced synaptic growth in primary mouse neuronal cultures. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101112. [PMID: 35098164 PMCID: PMC8783201 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors and their signaling cascades play important roles in synaptic growth, which can be investigated in cultured primary neurons to better control the concentrations and timing of neurotrophic factor treatment. Here, we provide a protocol detailing the preparation of cultured primary mouse neurons and the neurotrophic factor treatment. We then describe electrophysiological recording of synaptic transmission, immunocytochemistry of AMPA receptor expression, and imaging analysis of dendritic spines. This platform enables characterization of synaptic growth at functional and morphological levels. For complete details on the use and execution of this profile, please refer to Zhou et al. (2021). Detailed protocol to characterize synaptic growth in primary mouse neuronal cultures Utilizes electrophysiological recording, fluorescence labeling and confocal imaging Enables assessment of synaptic growth at both functional and morphological levels
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Corresponding author
| | - Zikai Zhou
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528400, China
- Corresponding author
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40
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Równiak M, Bogus‐Nowakowska K, Kalinowski D, Kozłowska A. The evolutionary trajectories of the individual amygdala nuclei in the common shrew, guinea pig, rabbit, fox and pig: A consequence of embryological fate and mosaic-like evolution. J Anat 2022; 240:489-502. [PMID: 34648181 PMCID: PMC8819052 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala primarily evolved as a danger detector that regulates emotional behaviours and learning. However, it is also engaged in stress responses as well as olfactory/pheromonal and reproductive functions. All of these functions are processed by a set of nuclei which are derived from different telencephalic sources (pallial and subpallial) and have a unique cellular structure and specific connections. It is unclear how these individual anatomical and functional units evolved to fit the amygdala to the specific needs of various mammals. Thus, this study provides quantitative data regarding volumes, neuron density and neuron numbers in the main amygdala nuclei of the common shrew, guinea pig, rabbit, fox and pig - species from across the mammalian phylogeny which differ in brain complexity and ecology. The results show that the volume of the amygdala and its individual nuclei scale with negative allometry relative to brain mass (an allometric coefficient below one). However, in relation to the whole amygdala volume, volumes and volumetric percentages of the lateral (LA) and basomedial (BM) nuclei scale with positive allometry, for the medial (ME) and lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) nuclei these parameters scale with negative allometry while the values of these parameters for the basolateral (BL), central (CE) and cortical (CO) nuclei scale with isometry. Moreover, density of neurons scales with strong negative allometry relative to both brain mass and amygdala volume with values of allometric coefficient below zero across studied species. This value for BL is significantly lower than that for the whole amygdala, for ME it is significantly higher while values for NLOT, CE, CO, LA and BM are quite similar to the value for whole amygdala. Finally, neuron numbers in the whole amygdala and its individual nuclei scale with negative allometry in relation to brain mass. However, in relation to the number of neurons in the whole amygdala, neuron numbers and percentages of neurons for LA and BM scale with positive allometry, for BL and NLOT they scale with negative allometry while the values of these parameters for CE, CO and ME scale with isometry. In conclusion, all of these results indicate that each of the nuclei studied displays a different and unique pattern of evolution in relation to brain mass or the whole amygdala volume. These patterns do not match with the various classical concepts of amygdala parcellation; however, in some way, they reflect diversity revealed by the expression of homeobox genes in various embryological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Równiak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and PhysiologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Krystyna Bogus‐Nowakowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and PhysiologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Daniel Kalinowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and PhysiologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology and PathophysiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
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41
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Huang S, Huang F, Zhang H, Yang Y, Lu J, Chen J, Shen L, Pei G. In vivo development and single-cell transcriptome profiling of human brain organoids. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13201. [PMID: 35141969 PMCID: PMC8891563 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human brain organoids can provide not only promising models for physiological and pathological neurogenesis but also potential therapies in neurological diseases. However, technical issues such as surgical lesions due to transplantation still limit their applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Instead of applying mature organoids, we innovatively developed human brain organoids in vivo by injecting small premature organoids into corpus striatum of adult SCID mice. Two months after injection, single-cell transcriptome analysis was performed on 6131 GFP-labeled human cells from transplanted mouse brains. RESULTS Eight subsets of cells (including neuronal cells expressing striatal markers) were identified in these in vivo developed organoids (IVD-organoids) by unbiased clustering. Compared with in vitro cultured human cortical organoids, we found that IVD-organoids developed more supporting cells including pericyte-like and choroid plexus cells, which are important for maintaining organoid homeostasis. Furthermore, IVD-organoids showed lower levels of cellular stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study thus provides a novel method to generate human brain organoids, which is promising in various applications of disease models and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Fei Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell BiologyLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huiying Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell BiologyLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jiadong Chen
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyCenter for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated HospitalMOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain‐Machine IntegrationSchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Li Shen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell BiologyLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Orthopedics SurgerySchool of MedicineThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang University (HIC‐ZJU)HangzhouChina
| | - Gang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchLaboratory of Receptor‐based BiomedicineThe Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Łuczkowska K, Rogińska D, Kulig P, Bielikowicz A, Baumert B, Machaliński B. Bortezomib-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Nerve Cells: Focus on the Mechanisms Contributing to the Peripheral Neuropathy Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052431. [PMID: 35269574 PMCID: PMC8910765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BiPN) occurs in approximately 40% of patients with multiple myeloma. The induction of severe neuropathy entails the dose reduction or complete elimination of bortezomib (BTZ). Interestingly, discontinuation of BTZ mostly results in a reduction or complete resolution of peripheral neuropathy (PN) symptoms. Therefore, it is likely that the BiPN mechanisms are based on temporary/reversible changes such as epigenetic alterations. In this study, we examined the effect of treating nerve cells, differentiated from the Lund human mesencephalic (dLUHMES) cell line, with several low-dose BTZ (0.15 nM) applications. We showed a significant decrease in global histone H3 acetylation as well as histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation. Moreover, analysis of the genetic microarray showed changes mainly in epigenetic processes related to chromatin rearrangement, chromatin silencing, and gene silencing. GSEA analysis revealed three interesting signaling pathways (SIRT1, B-WICH and, b-Catenin) that may play a pivotal role in PN development. We also performed an analysis of the miRNA microarray which showed the interactions of miR-6810-5p with the genes MSN, FOXM1, TSPAN9, and SLC1A5, which are directly involved in neuroprotective processes, neuronal differentiation, and signal transduction. The study confirmed the existence of BTZ-induced complex epigenetic alterations in nerve cells. However, further studies are necessary to assess the reversibility of epigenetic changes and their potential impact on the induction/resolution of PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (D.R.); (P.K.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.Ł.); (B.M.); Tel.: +48-914-661-546 (B.M.); Fax: +48-914-661-548 (B.M.)
| | - Dorota Rogińska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (D.R.); (P.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Piotr Kulig
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (D.R.); (P.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bielikowicz
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (D.R.); (P.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Bartłomiej Baumert
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (D.R.); (P.K.); (A.B.)
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (K.Ł.); (B.M.); Tel.: +48-914-661-546 (B.M.); Fax: +48-914-661-548 (B.M.)
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Su Z, Wang Z, Lindtner S, Yang L, Shang Z, Tian Y, Guo R, You Y, Zhou W, Rubenstein JL, Yang Z, Zhang Z. Dlx1/2-dependent expression of Meis2 promotes neuronal fate determination in the mammalian striatum. Development 2022; 149:dev200035. [PMID: 35156680 PMCID: PMC8918808 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The striatum is a central regulator of behavior and motor function through the actions of D1 and D2 medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), which arise from a common lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) progenitor. The molecular mechanisms of cell fate specification of these two neuronal subtypes are incompletely understood. Here, we found that deletion of murine Meis2, which is highly expressed in the LGE and derivatives, led to a large reduction in striatal MSNs due to a block in their differentiation. Meis2 directly binds to the Zfp503 and Six3 promoters and is required for their expression and specification of D1 and D2 MSNs, respectively. Finally, Meis2 expression is regulated by Dlx1/2 at least partially through the enhancer hs599 in the LGE subventricular zone. Overall, our findings define a pathway in the LGE whereby Dlx1/2 drives expression of Meis2, which subsequently promotes the fate determination of striatal D1 and D2 MSNs via Zfp503 and Six3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Su
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Susan Lindtner
- Department of Psychiatry, Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zicong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan You
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - John L. Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zhengang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Chen J, Akomolafe OI, Dhakal NP, Pujyam M, Skalli O, Jiang J, Peng C. Nematic Templated Complex Nanofiber Structures by Projection Display. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:7230-7240. [PMID: 35084814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oriented arrays of nanofibers are ubiquitous in nature and have been widely used in recreation of the biological functions such as bone and muscle tissue regenerations. However, it remains a challenge to produce nanofiber arrays with a complex organization by using current fabrication techniques such as electrospinning and extrusion. In this work, we propose a method to fabricate the complex organization of nanofiber structures templated by a spatially varying ordered liquid crystal host, which follows the pattern produced by a maskless projection display system. By programming the synchronization of the rotated polarizer and projected segments with different shapes, various configurations of nanofiber organization ranging from a single to two-dimensional lattice of arbitrary topological defects are created in a deterministic manner. The nanofiber arrays can effectively guide and promote neurite outgrowth. The application of nanofibers with arced profiles and topological defects on neural tissue organization is also demonstrated. This finding, combined with the versatility and programmability of nanofiber structures, suggests that they will help solve challenges in nerve repair, neural regeneration, and other related tissue engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Oluwafemi Isaac Akomolafe
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Netra Prasad Dhakal
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Mahesh Pujyam
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Omar Skalli
- Department of Biology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Jinghua Jiang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Chenhui Peng
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
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45
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Khajeh R, Fumarola F, Abbott LF. Sparse balance: Excitatory-inhibitory networks with small bias currents and broadly distributed synaptic weights. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1008836. [PMID: 35139071 PMCID: PMC8827417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical circuits generate excitatory currents that must be cancelled by strong inhibition to assure stability. The resulting excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) balance can generate spontaneous irregular activity but, in standard balanced E-I models, this requires that an extremely strong feedforward bias current be included along with the recurrent excitation and inhibition. The absence of experimental evidence for such large bias currents inspired us to examine an alternative regime that exhibits asynchronous activity without requiring unrealistically large feedforward input. In these networks, irregular spontaneous activity is supported by a continually changing sparse set of neurons. To support this activity, synaptic strengths must be drawn from high-variance distributions. Unlike standard balanced networks, these sparse balance networks exhibit robust nonlinear responses to uniform inputs and non-Gaussian input statistics. Interestingly, the speed, not the size, of synaptic fluctuations dictates the degree of sparsity in the model. In addition to simulations, we provide a mean-field analysis to illustrate the properties of these networks. A class of models in computational neuroscience that have been successful at describing a variety of effects in the neocortex involve a tight balance between excitatory, inhibitory and unrealistically large external input, without which the model cannot produce robust patterns of activity. In this work, we explore what happens when these inputs are smaller in size, and we provide an alternative solution for recovering robust network activity. This solution relies on broadly distributed synaptic strengths and, interestingly, gives rise to sparse subsets of neurons firing at any given time. Unlike the conventional models, the networks exhibit nonlinear responses to uniform external input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Khajeh
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesco Fumarola
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Laboratory for Neural Computation and Adaptation, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - LF Abbott
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
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46
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Lim J, Yoon J, Shin M, Lee KB, Choi JW. Biomolecular Electron Controller Composed of Nanobiohybrid with Electrically Released Complex for Spatiotemporal Control of Neuronal Differentiation. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2100912. [PMID: 35174997 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In vitro spatiotemporal control of cell differentiation is a critical issue in several biomedical fields such as stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine, as it enables the generation of heterogeneous tissue structures similar to those of their native counterparts. However, the simultaneous control of both spatial and temporal cell differentiation poses important challenges, and therefore no previous studies have achieved this goal. Here, the authors develop a cell differentiation biomolecular electron controller ("Biomoletron") composed of recombinant proteins, DNA, Au nanoparticles, peptides, and an electrically released complex with retinoic acid (RA) to spatiotemporally control SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. RA is only released from the Biomoletron when the complex is electrically stimulated, thus demonstrating the temporal control of SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. Furthermore, by introducing a patterned Au substrate that allows controlling the area where the Biomoletron is immobilized, spatiotemporal differentiation of the SH-SY5Y cell is successfully achieved. Therefore, the proposed Biomoletron-mediated differentiation method provides a promising strategy for spatiotemporal cell differentiation control with applications in regenerative medicine and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joungpyo Lim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Minkyu Shin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
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47
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Cote JL, Vander PB, Ellis M, Cline JM, Svezhova N, Doche ME, Maures TJ, Choudhury TA, Kong S, Klaft OGJ, Joe RM, Argetsinger LS, Carter-Su C. The nucleolar δ isoform of adapter protein SH2B1 enhances morphological complexity and function of cultured neurons. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259179. [PMID: 35019135 PMCID: PMC8918807 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adapter protein SH2B1 is recruited to neurotrophin receptors, including TrkB (also known as NTRK2), the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Herein, we demonstrate that the four alternatively spliced isoforms of SH2B1 (SH2B1α-SH2B1δ) are important determinants of neuronal architecture and neurotrophin-induced gene expression. Primary hippocampal neurons from Sh2b1-/- [knockout (KO)] mice exhibit decreased neurite complexity and length, and BDNF-induced expression of the synapse-related immediate early genes Egr1 and Arc. Reintroduction of each SH2B1 isoform into KO neurons increases neurite complexity; the brain-specific δ isoform also increases total neurite length. Human obesity-associated variants, when expressed in SH2B1δ, alter neurite complexity, suggesting that a decrease or increase in neurite branching may have deleterious effects that contribute to the severe childhood obesity and neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with these variants. Surprisingly, in contrast to SH2B1α, SH2B1β and SH2B1γ, which localize primarily in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, SH2B1δ resides primarily in nucleoli. Some SH2B1δ is also present in the plasma membrane and nucleus. Nucleolar localization, driven by two highly basic regions unique to SH2B1δ, is required for SH2B1δ to maximally increase neurite complexity and BDNF-induced expression of Egr1, Arc and FosL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Cote
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul B. Vander
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Ellis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joel M. Cline
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nadezhda Svezhova
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael E. Doche
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Travis J. Maures
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tahrim A. Choudhury
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seongbae Kong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Olivia G. J. Klaft
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ray M. Joe
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lawrence S. Argetsinger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christin Carter-Su
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Sun YY, Chen WJ, Huang ZP, Yang G, Wu ML, Xu DE, Yang WL, Luo YC, Xiao ZC, Xu RX, Ma QH. TRIM32 Deficiency Impairs the Generation of Pyramidal Neurons in Developing Cerebral Cortex. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030449. [PMID: 35159260 PMCID: PMC8834167 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitatory-inhibitory imbalance (E/I) is a fundamental mechanism underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASD). TRIM32 is a risk gene genetically associated with ASD. The absence of TRIM32 causes impaired generation of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, neural network hyperexcitability, and autism-like behavior in mice, emphasizing the role of TRIM32 in maintaining E/I balance, but despite the description of TRIM32 in regulating proliferation and differentiation of cultured mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs), the role of TRIM32 in cerebral cortical development, particularly in the production of excitatory pyramidal neurons, remains unknown. The present study observed that TRIM32 deficiency resulted in decreased numbers of distinct layer-specific cortical neurons and decreased radial glial cell (RGC) and intermediate progenitor cell (IPC) pool size. We further demonstrated that TRIM32 deficiency impairs self-renewal of RGCs and IPCs as indicated by decreased proliferation and mitosis. A TRIM32 deficiency also affects or influences the formation of cortical neurons. As a result, TRIM32-deficient mice showed smaller brain size. At the molecular level, RNAseq analysis indicated reduced Notch signalling in TRIM32-deficient mice. Therefore, the present study indicates a role for TRIM32 in pyramidal neuron generation. Impaired generation of excitatory pyramidal neurons may explain the hyperexcitability observed in TRIM32-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Sun
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.-Y.S.); (Z.-P.H.); (M.-L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen-Jin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China;
| | - Ze-Ping Huang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.-Y.S.); (Z.-P.H.); (M.-L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Lab Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Ming-Lei Wu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.-Y.S.); (Z.-P.H.); (M.-L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - De-En Xu
- Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214001, China;
| | - Wu-Lin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China;
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia;
| | - Ru-Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.-H.M.); (R.-X.X.)
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Y.-Y.S.); (Z.-P.H.); (M.-L.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-H.M.); (R.-X.X.)
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Cho H, Park HJ, Seo YK. Induction of PLXNA4 Gene during Neural Differentiation in Human Umbilical-Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Low-Intensity Sub-Sonic Vibration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031522. [PMID: 35163445 PMCID: PMC8835879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) are a type of mesenchymal stem cells and are more primitive than other MSCs. In this study, we identify novel genes and signal-activating proteins involved in the neural differentiation of hUC-MSCs induced by Low-Intensity Sub-Sonic Vibration (LISSV). RNA sequencing was used to find genes involved in the differentiation process by LISSV. The changes in hUC-MSCs caused by LISSV were confirmed by PLXNA4 overexpression and gene knockdown through small interfering RNA experiments. The six genes were increased among genes related to neurons and the nervous system. One of them, the PLXNA4 gene, is known to play a role as a guide for axons in the development of the nervous system. When the PLXNA4 recombinant protein was added, neuron-related genes were increased. In the PLXNA4 gene knockdown experiment, the expression of neuron-related genes was not changed by LISSV exposure. The PLXNA4 gene is activated by sema family ligands. The expression of SEMA3A was increased by LISSV, and its downstream signaling molecule, FYN, was also activated. We suggest that the PLXNA4 gene plays an important role in hUC-MSC neuronal differentiation through exposure to LISSV. The differentiation process depends on SEMA3A-PLXNA4-dependent FYN activation in hUC-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Cho
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Goyang-si 10326, Korea;
| | - Hee-Jung Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology (BK21 Plus Team), Dongguk University, Goyang-si 10326, Korea;
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology (BK21 Plus Team), Dongguk University, Goyang-si 10326, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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50
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Lin KN, Zhang K, Zhao W, Huang SY, Li H. Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Promotes Cell Proliferation by Downregulation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 17 Expression via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 Signaling in SK-N-SH Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031513. [PMID: 35163437 PMCID: PMC8835821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) not only regulates neuronal function and development but also is neuroprotective in the setting of acute ischemic stroke. G-protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) expression in brain tissue serves as an indicator of brain damage. As whether IGF-1 regulates GPR17 expression remains unknown, the aim of this study is to investigate how IGF-1 regulates GPR17 expression in vitro. Human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells were used. Lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was constructed to mediate the silencing of FoxO1, while adenoviral vectors were used for its overexpression. Verification of the relevant signaling cascade was performed using a FoxO1 inhibitor (AS1842856), a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002), and a GPR17 antagonist (cangrelor). Cell proliferation was analyzed using EdU staining; immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression and subcellular localization of FoxO1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to analyze the binding of FoxO1 to the GPR17 promoter in SK-N-SH cells. The expression of FoxO1, GPR17, and protein kinase B (also known as Akt) mRNA and protein as well as the levels of FoxO1 and Akt phosphorylation were investigated in this study. IGF-1 was found to downregulate FoxO1 and GPR17 expression in SK-N-SH cells while promoting cell viability and proliferation. Inhibition of FoxO1 and antagonism of GPR17 were found to play a role similar to that of IGF-1. Silencing of FoxO1 by lentivirus-mediated shRNA resulted in the downregulation of FoxO1 and GPR17 expression. The overexpression of FoxO1 via adenoviral vectors resulted in the upregulation of FoxO1 and GPR17 expression. Blocking of PI3K signaling by LY294002 inhibited the effect of IGF-1 on GPR17 suppression. Results from chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that IGF-1 promotes FoxO1 nuclear export and reduces FoxO1 binding to the GPR17 promoter in SK-N-SH cells. Here, we conclude that IGF-1 enhances cell viability and proliferation in SK-N-SH cells via the promotion of FoxO1 nuclear export and reduction of FoxO1 binding to the GPR17 promoter via PI3K/Akt signaling. Our findings suggest that the enhancement of IGF-1 signaling to antagonize GPR17 serves as a potential therapeutic strategy in the management of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Na Lin
- Center for Brain Science & Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China;
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China;
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (W.Z.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (W.Z.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Hao Li
- Center for Brain Science & Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China;
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; (W.Z.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Correspondence:
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