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Wu Y, Liu P, Chen W, Bai S, Chen S, Chen J, Xu X, Xia J, Wu Y, Lai J, Sun C, Lao Z, Wan X, Wu Z. Microwave hyperthermia enhances radiosensitization by decreasing DNA repair efficiency and inducing oxidative stress in PC3 prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2024; 41:2335201. [PMID: 38583875 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2024.2335201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy (RT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer (PCa); however, the emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) often leads to treatment failure and cancer-related deaths. In this study, we aimed to explore the use of microwave hyperthermia (MW-HT) to sensitize PCa to RT and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS We developed a dedicated MW-HT heating setup, created an in vitro and in vivo MW-HT + RT treatment model for CRPC. We evaluated PC3 cell proliferation using CCK-8, colony experiments, DAPI staining, comet assay and ROS detection method. We also monitored nude mouse models of PCa during treatment, measured tumor weight, and calculated the tumor inhibition rate. Western blotting was used to detect DNA damage repair protein expression in PC3 cells and transplanted tumors. RESULTS Compared to control, PC3 cell survival and clone formation rates decreased in RT + MW-HT group, demonstrating significant increase in apoptosis, ROS levels, and DNA damage. Lower tumor volumes and weights were observed in treatment groups. Ki-67 expression level was reduced in all treatment groups, with significant decrease in RT + MW-HT groups. The most significant apoptosis induction was confirmed in RT + MW-HT group by TUNEL staining. Protein expression levels of DNA-PKcs, ATM, ATR, and P53/P21 signaling pathways significantly decreased in RT + MW-HT groups. CONCLUSION MW-HT + RT treatment significantly inhibited DNA damage repair by downregulating DNA-PKcs, ATM, ATR, and P53/P21 signaling pathways, leading to increased ROS levels, aggravate DNA damage, apoptosis, and necrosis in PC3 cells, a well-established model of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wu
- Department of TCM Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wendy Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Shiting Bai
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianglin Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jindan Xia
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Wu
- ACS (International) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghong Lao
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Deqing County, Huzhou City, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wan
- Department of TCM Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhibing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Rapuano R, Riccio A, Mercuri A, Madera JR, Dallavalle S, Moricca S, Lupo A. Proliferation and migration of PC-3 prostate cancer cells is counteracted by PPARγ-cladosporol binding-mediated apoptosis and a decreased lipid biosynthesis and accumulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116097. [PMID: 38428827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chemoprevention, consisting of the administration of natural and/or synthetic compounds, appears to be an alternative way to common therapeutical approaches to preventing the occurrence of various cancers. Cladosporols, secondary metabolites from Cladosporium tenuissimum, showed a powerful ability in controlling human colon cancer cell proliferation through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-mediated modulation of gene expression. Hence, we carried out experiments to verify the anticancer properties of cladosporols in human prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer represents one of the most widespread tumors in which several risk factors play a role in determining its high mortality rate in men. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed, by viability assays, PPARγ silencing and overexpression experiments and western blotting analysis, the anticancer properties of cladosporols in cancer prostate cell lines. RESULTS Cladosporols A and B selectively inhibited the proliferation of human prostate PNT-1A, LNCaP and PC-3 cells and their most impactful antiproliferative ability towards PC-3 prostate cancer cells, was mediated by PPARγ modulation. Moreover, the anticancer ability of cladosporols implied a sustained apoptosis. Finally, cladosporols negatively regulated the expression of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, thus enforcing the relationship between prostate cancer development and lipid metabolism dysregulation. CONCLUSION This is the first work, to our knowledge, in which the role of cladosporols A and B was disclosed in prostate cancer cells. Importantly, the present study highlighted the potential of cladosporols as new therapeutical tools, which, interfering with cell proliferation and lipid pathway dysregulation, may control prostate cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rapuano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, 42, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Alessio Riccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, 42, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonella Mercuri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, 42, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Jessica Raffaella Madera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, 42, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Moricca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Angelo Lupo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università del Sannio, Via dei Mulini, 42, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
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Zainodini N, Abolhasani M, Mohsenzadegan M, Farajollahi MM, Rismani E. Overexpression of Transmembrane Phosphatase with Tensin homology (TPTE) in prostate cancer is clinically significant, suggesting its potential as a valuable biomarker. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:165. [PMID: 38546751 PMCID: PMC10978697 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are a family of proteins typically expressed in male testicles but overexpressed in various cancer cell types. Transmembrane Phosphatase with Tensin homology (TPTE) is expressed only in the testis of healthy individuals and is a member of the family of CTAs. The current study, for the first time, examined the significance of TPTE expression in prostate cancer (PCa) tissues by generating a novel antibody marker targeting TPTE protein. METHODS Polyclonal antibodies were prepared for TPTE-p1 and TPTE-p2 peptides, which are derived from the extracellular domains of TPTE. Anti-TPTE-p2 antibody was then used to study the extent and pattern of TPTE expression in 102 PCa and 48 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. The viability of cancer cell lines (PC-3 and MCF-7 cells) was also evaluated in the presence of anti-TPTE-p2 antibody using the MTT test. RESULTS The immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in cytoplasmic and membrane TPTE expression in the PCa samples compared to the BPH group (both P < 0.0001). Cytoplasmic TPTE expression was positively correlated with Gleason score and PSA levels (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, respectively). Significant correlations were identified between the levels of PSA and perineural invasion and the membrane expression (P = 0.01, P = 0.04, respectively). Moreover, anti-TPTE-p2 antibody inhibited PC-3 and MCF-7 cells proliferation compared to the control group for 24 h (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) as well as for 48 h (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that increased TPTE expression is associated with progression of disease. The ability of anti-TPTE-p2 antibody to recognize and target the TPTE protein makes it a potential biomarker to assess and/or target the PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Zainodini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad M Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Rismani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang B, Zhao J, Kang D, Wang Z, Xu L, Zheng R, Liu A. Flubendazole suppresses VEGF-induced angiogenesis in HUVECs and exerts antitumor effects in PC-3 cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14503. [PMID: 38480495 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Flubendazole, an FDA-approved anthelmintic, has been predicted to show strong VEGFR2 inhibitory activity in silico screening combined with in vitro experimental validation, and it has shown anti-cancer effects on some human cancer cell lines, but little is known about the anti-angiogenesis effects and anti-prostate cancer effects. In this study, we analyzed the binding modes and kinetic analysis of flubendazole with VEGFR2 and first demonstrated that flubendazole suppressed VEGF-stimulated cell proliferation, wound-healing migration, cell invasion and tube formation of HUVEC cells, and decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and serine/threonine kinase Akt, which are the downstream proteins of VEGFR2 that are important for cell growth. What's more, our results showed that flubendazole decreased PC-3 cell viability and proliferation ability, and suppressed PC-3 cell wound healing migration and invasion across a Matrigel-coated Transwell membrane in a concentration-dependent manner. The antiproliferative effects of flubendazole were due to induction of G2-M phase cell cycle arrest in PC-3 cells with decreasing expression of the Cyclin D1 and induction of cell apoptosis with the number of apoptotic cells increased after flubendazole treatment. These results indicated that flubendazole could exert anti-angiogenic and anticancer effects by inhibiting cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - De Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lvjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - RuiFang Zheng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uighur Medicines, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumchi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Balijepalli P, Yue G, Prasad B, Meier KE. Global Proteomics Analysis of Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in PC-3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells: Role of CCN1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2067. [PMID: 38396744 PMCID: PMC10889543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich angiogenic factor 61 (CCN1/Cyr61) is a matricellular protein that is induced and secreted in response to growth factors. Our previous work showed that 18:1-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), which activates the G protein-coupled receptor LPAR1, induces CCN1 between 2-4 h in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells in a manner than enhances cell-substrate adhesion. While the time course of induction suggests that CCN1 contributes to intermediate events in LPA action, the roles of CCN1 in LPA-mediated signal transduction have not been fully elucidated. This study utilized a comprehensive global proteomics approach to identify proteins up- or down-regulated in response to treatment of PC-3 cells with LPA for three hours, during the time of peak CCN1 levels. In addition, the effects of siRNA-mediated CCN1 knockdown on LPA responses were analyzed. The results show that, in addition to CCN1, LPA increased the levels of multiple proteins. Proteins up-regulated by LPA included metastasis-associated in colon cancer protein 1 (MACC1) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP1/THBS1); both MACC1 and TSP1 regulated cancer cell adhesion and motility. LPA down-regulated thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). CCN1 knockdown suppressed the LPA-induced up-regulation of 30 proteins; these included MACC1 and TSP1, as confirmed by immunoblotting. Gene ontology and STRING analyses revealed multiple pathways impacted by LPA and CCN1. These results indicate that CCN1 contributes to LPA signaling cascades that occur during the intermediate phase after the initial stimulus. The study provides a rationale for the development of interventions to disrupt the LPA-CCN1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kathryn E. Meier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (P.B.); (G.Y.); (B.P.)
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Tafrihi M, Naeimi A, Eizadifard F. Methanolic extract of Teucrium persicum up-regulates and induces the membrane restoration of E-cadherin protein in PC-3 cells. Int J Environ Health Res 2024; 34:1034-1043. [PMID: 36970877 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2196058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Teucrium persicum Boiss. an Iranian endemic plant is used in Iranian traditional medicine. E-cadherin transmembrane protein participates in adherens junctions and is the main partner for β-catenin protein. The GC-MS analysis was used to detect the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract. Its effects on the transcription of the E-cadherin encoding gene, cellular levels, and localization of E-cadherin protein in PC-3 cells were investigated. About 70 chemical constituents were identified. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and western blotting results revealed the restoration of E-cadherin protein at cell adhesion contact sites in cells treated with T. persicum extract. Gene expression studies revealed that the extract increased the transcription of the E-cadherin encoding gene in PC-3 cells. These results suggest that T. persicum extract may contain potent compounds that provide further support for the anticancer properties of T. persicum. Surely, detailed molecular investigations are needed to find the mechanism(s) behind these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Tafrihi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Anahita Naeimi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Eizadifard
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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Kim S. Inferring Drug Set and Identifying the Mechanism of Drugs for PC3. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:765. [PMID: 38255837 PMCID: PMC10815650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a strategy for discovering new applications of existing drugs for use in various diseases. Despite the use of structured networks in drug research, it is still unclear how drugs interact with one another or with genes. Prostate adenocarcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States, with an estimated incidence of 288,300 new cases and 34,700 deaths in 2023. In our study, we used integrative information from genes, pathways, and drugs for machine learning methods such as clustering, feature selection, and enrichment pathway analysis. We investigated how drugs affect drugs and how drugs affect genes in human pancreatic cancer cell lines that were derived from bone metastases of grade IV prostate cancer. Finally, we identified significant drug interactions within or between clusters, such as estradiol-rosiglitazone, estradiol-diclofenac, troglitazone-rosiglitazone, celecoxib-rofecoxib, celecoxib-diclofenac, and sodium phenylbutyrate-valproic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinuk Kim
- College of Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Republic of Korea
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Huertas-Lárez R, Muñoz-Moreno L, Recio-Aldavero J, Román ID, Arenas MI, Blasco A, Sanchís-Bonet Á, Bajo AM. Induction of more aggressive tumoral phenotypes in LNCaP and PC3 cells by serum exosomes from prostate cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1829-1841. [PMID: 37526104 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent and sixth most fatal cancer in men worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, our understanding of its etiology and the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of the disease is substantially limited. In recent years, the potential participation of exosomes in this process has been suggested. Therefore, we aim to study the effect of exosomes isolated from the serum of patients with PCa on various cellular processes associated with increased tumor aggressiveness in two PCa cell lines: LNCaP-FGC and PC3. The exosomes were isolated by filtration wand ultracentrifugation. Their presence was confirmed by immunodetection of specific markers and their size distribution was analyzed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The results obtained demonstrated that serum exosomes from PCa patients increased migration of PC3 cells and neuroendocrine differentiation of LNCaP-FGC cells regardless of the grade of the tumor. PCa serum exosomes also enhanced the secretion of enzymes related to invasiveness and resistance to chemotherapeutics, such as extracellular matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9, and gamma-glutamyltransferase in both cell lines. Altogether, these findings support the pivotal participation of exosomes released by tumoral cells in the progression of PCa. Future studies on the molecular mechanisms involved in the observed changes could provide crucial information on this disease and help in the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Huertas-Lárez
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Moreno
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Recio-Aldavero
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Dolores Román
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Arenas
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Blasco
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera de Alcalá Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Sanchís-Bonet
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Carretera de Alcalá Meco s/n, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Bajo
- Grupo de Investigación Cánceres de Origen Epitelial, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Científico-Tecnológico, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Yao CJ, Chang CL, Hu MH, Liao CH, Lai GM, Chiou TJ, Ho HL, Kuo HC, Yang YY, Whang-Peng J, Chuang SE. Drastic Synergy of Lovastatin and Antrodia camphorata Extract Combination against PC3 Androgen-Refractory Prostate Cancer Cells, Accompanied by AXL and Stemness Molecules Inhibition. Nutrients 2023; 15:4493. [PMID: 37960146 PMCID: PMC10647293 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in males worldwide. Early-stage PC patients can benefit from surgical, radiation, and hormonal therapies; however, once the tumor transitions to an androgen-refractory state, the efficacy of treatments diminishes considerably. Recently, the exploration of natural products, particularly dietary phytochemicals, has intensified in response to addressing this prevailing medical challenge. In this study, we uncovered a synergistic effect from combinatorial treatment with lovastatin (an active component in red yeast rice) and Antrodia camphorata (AC, a folk mushroom) extract against PC3 human androgen-refractory PC cells. This combinatorial modality resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis, accompanied by a marked reduction in molecules responsible for cellular proliferation (p-Rb/Rb, Cyclin A, Cyclin D1, and CDK1), aggressiveness (AXL, p-AKT, and survivin), and stemness (SIRT1, Notch1, and c-Myc). In contrast, treatment with either AC or lovastatin alone only exerted limited impacts on the cell cycle, apoptosis, and the aforementioned signaling molecules. Notably, significant reductions in canonical PC stemness markers (CD44 and CD133) were observed in lovastatin/AC-treated PC3 cells. Furthermore, lovastatin and AC have been individually examined for their anti-PC properties. Our findings elucidate a pioneering discovery in the synergistic combinatorial efficacy of AC and clinically viable concentrations of lovastatin on PC3 PC cells, offering novel insights into improving the therapeutic effects of dietary natural products for future strategic design of therapeutics against androgen-refractory prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jung Yao
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (M.-H.H.); (G.-M.L.); (T.-J.C.); (J.W.-P.)
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (H.-L.H.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Ming-Hung Hu
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (M.-H.H.); (G.-M.L.); (T.-J.C.); (J.W.-P.)
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (H.-L.H.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Chien-Huang Liao
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (H.-L.H.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Gi-Ming Lai
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (M.-H.H.); (G.-M.L.); (T.-J.C.); (J.W.-P.)
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (H.-L.H.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (M.-H.H.); (G.-M.L.); (T.-J.C.); (J.W.-P.)
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (H.-L.H.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Hsien-Ling Ho
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (H.-L.H.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Hui-Ching Kuo
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (H.-L.H.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Ya-Yu Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Jacqueline Whang-Peng
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (M.-H.H.); (G.-M.L.); (T.-J.C.); (J.W.-P.)
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (H.-L.H.); (H.-C.K.)
| | - Shuang-En Chuang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
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10
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Furuta H, Sheng Y, Takahashi A, Nagano R, Kataoka N, Perks CM, Barker R, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. The IGF-Independent Role of IRS-2 in the Secretion of MMP-9 Enhances the Growth of Prostate Carcinoma Cell Line PC3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15065. [PMID: 37894751 PMCID: PMC10606031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), a substrate of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor, is highly expressed in the prostate cancer cell line, PC3. We recently demonstrated that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2), a kinase downstream of IGF signaling, is activated in PC3 cells under serum starvation, and this activation can be inhibited by IRS-2 knockdown. Here, we observed that adding an IGF-I-neutralizing antibody to the culture medium inhibited the activation of Erk1/2. Suppression of Erk1/2 in IRS-2 knockdown cells was restored by the addition of a PC3 serum-free conditioned medium. In contrast, the IRS-2-silenced PC3 conditioned medium could not restore Erk1/2 activation, suggesting that IRS-2 promotes the secretion of proteins that activate the IGF signaling pathway. Furthermore, gelatin zymography analysis of the conditioned medium showed that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was secreted extracellularly in an IRS-2 dependent manner when PC3 was cultured under serum starvation conditions. Moreover, MMP-9 knockdown suppressed Erk1/2 activation, DNA synthesis, and migratory activity. The IRS-2 levels were positively correlated with Gleason grade in human prostate cancer tissues. These data suggest that highly expressed IRS-2 activates IGF signaling by enabling the secretion of MMP-9, which is associated with hyperproliferation and malignancy of prostate cancer cell line, PC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Furuta
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Yina Sheng
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Ayaka Takahashi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Raku Nagano
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Naoyuki Kataoka
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Claire Marie Perks
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Learning & Research Building, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; (C.M.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Rachel Barker
- IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Learning & Research Building, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK; (C.M.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; (H.F.); (Y.S.); (A.T.); (R.N.); (N.K.)
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11
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de la Torre-Rubio E, Muñoz-Moreno L, Bajo AM, Arias-Pérez MS, Cuenca T, Gude L, Royo E. Carbohydrate effect of novel arene Ru(II) phenanthroline-glycoconjugates on metastatic biological processes. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112326. [PMID: 37478778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Novel water-soluble half-sandwich ruthenium(II) polypyridyl-glycoconjugates [Ru(p-cymene)Cl{N-(1,10-phenanthroline-5-yl)-β-glycopyranosylamine}][Cl] (glycopyranosyl = d-glucopyranosyl (1), D-mannopyranosyl (2), L-rhamnopyranosyl (3) and l-xylopyranosyl (4)) have been synthesized and fully characterized. Their behaviour in water under physiological conditions has been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing their hydrolytic stability. Interactions of the novel compounds with duplex-deoxiribonucleic acid (dsDNA) were investigated by different techniques and the results indicate that, under physiological pH and saline conditions, the metal glycoconjugates bind DNA in the minor groove and/or through external, electrostatic interactions, and by a non-classical, partial intercalation mechanism in non-saline phosphate buffered solution. Effects of compounds 1-4 on cell viability have been assessed in vitro against two human cell lines (androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 and non-tumorigenic prostate RWPE-1), showing moderate cytotoxicities, with IC50 values higher than those found for free ligands [N-(1,10-phenanthroline-5-yl)-β-glycopyranosylamine] (glycopyranosyl = d-glucopyranosyl (a), D-mannopyranosyl (b), L-rhamnopyranosyl (c) and l-xylopyranosyl (d)) or corresponding metal-aglycone. Cell viability was assayed in the presence and absence of the glucose transporters (GLUTs) inhibitor [N4-{1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-7-fluoroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxamide] (BAY-876), and the results point to a negligible impact of the inhibition of GLUTs on the cytotoxicity caused by Ru(II) compounds 1-4. Remarkably, glycoconjugates 1-4 potently affect the migration pattern of PC-3 cells, and the wound healing assay evidence that the presence of the carbohydrate and the Ru(II) center is a requisite for the anti-migratory activity observed in these novel derivatives. In addition, derivatives 1-4 strongly affect the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 activities of PC-3 cells, while proMMP-2 and especially proMMP-9 were influenced to a much lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena de la Torre-Rubio
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Moreno
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Bajo
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Selma Arias-Pérez
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gude
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Royo
- Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Liu CW, Peng HY, Siao AC, Tsuei YW, Lin YY, Shiah SG, Shih LJ, Yeh CC, Lee SW, Kao YH. Resistin stimulates PC-3 prostate cancer cell growth through stimulation of SOCS3 and SOCS5 genes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1695-1707. [PMID: 37646261 PMCID: PMC10792425 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231191206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistin and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCSs) have been reported to regulate prostate cancer (PCa) cell proliferation and survival, respectively. Whether any of the SOCS molecules mediate the mitogenic effect of resistin on PCa cells is unknown. Using PC-3 human PCa cells, we found that resistin upregulates the expression of SOCS3 and SOCS5 mRNA, but not SOCS7 mRNA, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The resistin-induced increases in SOCS3 and SOCS5 expression and cell proliferation were prevented by pretreatment with specific inhibitors of the TLR4, ERK, p38 MAPK, JNK, PI3K, and JAK2 proteins. However, pretreatment with a TLR2 inhibitor had no effect on resistin-mediated SOCS3 and SOCS5 expression. In addition, the effects of resistin on SOCS3, SOCS5, and SOCS7 mRNA levels were cell type-specific. Overexpression of either SOCS3 or SOCS5 enhanced further resistin-stimulated growth of PC-3 cells, whereas silencing SOCS3 or SOCS5 antagonized resistin-increased cell growth. Further PCa tissue analysis demonstrated higher levels of RETN, TLR4, SOCS3, and SOCS5 mRNAs in cancer tissues than benign prostate hyperplasia and indicated positive correlations among RETN, TLR4, and SOCS5. These data suggest that SOCS5, TLR4, and, to a lesser extent, SOCS3 can mediate the mitogenic effect of resistin on PC-3 PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330
| | - Hsuan-Yu Peng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350
| | - An-Ci Siao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320
| | - Yi-Wei Tsuei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325
| | - Yen-Yue Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325
| | - Shine-Gwo Shiah
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350
| | - Li-Jane Shih
- Medical Laboratory, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325
| | - Chien-Chih Yeh
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 325
| | - Shih-Wei Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300
| | - Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 320
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13
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Kwon HH, Ahn CH, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Park JE, Park SY, Kim B, Shim BS, Kim SH. The Apoptotic and Anti-Warburg Effects of Brassinin in PC-3 Cells via Reactive Oxygen Species Production and the Inhibition of the c-Myc, SIRT1, and β-Catenin Signaling Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13912. [PMID: 37762214 PMCID: PMC10530901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Though Brassinin is known to have antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects in colon, prostate, breast, lung, and liver cancers, the underlying antitumor mechanism of Brassinin is not fully understood so far. Hence, in the current study, the apoptotic mechanism of Brassinin was explored in prostate cancer. Herein, Brassinin significantly increased the cytotoxicity and reduced the expressions of pro-Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), pro-caspase 3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in PC-3 cells compared to DU145 and LNCaP cells. Consistently, Brassinin reduced the number of colonies and increased the sub-G1 population and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in the PC-3 cells. Of note, Brassinin suppressed the expressions of pyruvate kinase-M2 (PKM2), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as glycolytic proteins in the PC-3 cells. Furthermore, Brassinin significantly reduced the expressions of SIRT1, c-Myc, and β-catenin in the PC-3 cells and also disrupted the binding of SIRT1 with β-catenin, along with a protein-protein interaction (PPI) score of 0.879 and spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.47 being observed between SIRT1 and β-catenin. Of note, Brassinin significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the PC-3 cells. Conversely, ROS scavenger NAC reversed the ability of Brassinin to attenuate pro-PARP, pro-Caspase3, SIRT1, and β-catenin in the PC-3 cells. Taken together, these findings support evidence that Brassinin induces apoptosis via the ROS-mediated inhibition of SIRT1, c-Myc, β-catenin, and glycolysis proteins as a potent anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (H.H.K.); (C.-H.A.); (H.-J.L.); (D.Y.S.); (J.E.P.); (S.-Y.P.); (B.K.); (B.-S.S.)
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14
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Osorio-Pérez SM, Estrada-Meza C, Ruiz-Manriquez LM, Arvizu-Espinosa MG, Srivastava A, Sharma A, Paul S. Thymoquinone Potentially Modulates the Expression of Key Onco- and Tumor Suppressor miRNAs in Prostate and Colon Cancer Cell Lines: Insights from PC3 and HCT-15 Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1730. [PMID: 37761870 PMCID: PMC10531155 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) and colon cancer significantly contribute to global cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Thymoquinone (TQ), a naturally occurring phytochemical found in black cumin, has shown potential as an anticancer compound. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TQ on the expression profile of key tumor suppressor and onco-suppressor miRNAs in PC3 prostate cancer cells and HCT-15 colon cancer cells. Cell viability assays revealed that TQ inhibited the growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of approximately 82.59 μM for HCT-15 and 55.83 μM for PC3 cells. Following TQ treatment at the IC50 concentrations, miRNA expression analysis demonstrated that TQ significantly downregulated miR-21-5p expression in HCT-15 cells and upregulated miR-34a-5p, miR-221-5p, miR-17-5p, and miR-21-5p expression in PC3 cells. However, no significant changes were observed in the expression levels of miR-34a-5p and miR-200a-5p in HCT-15 cells. The current findings suggest that TQ might exert its antiproliferative effects by modulating specific tumor suppressor and onco-suppressor miRNAs in prostate and colon cancer cells. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the precise underlying mechanisms and to explore the therapeutic potential of TQ in cancer treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the effect of TQ on the miRNA expression profile in colon and prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Madeline Osorio-Pérez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Carolina Estrada-Meza
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Ruiz-Manriquez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
- School of Medicine and Health Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Mexico
| | - María Goretti Arvizu-Espinosa
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Aashish Srivastava
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Sujay Paul
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
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15
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Kang M, Kang JH, Sim IA, Seong DY, Han S, Jang H, Lee H, Kang SW, Kim SY. Glucose Deprivation Induces Cancer Cell Death through Failure of ROS Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11969. [PMID: 37569345 PMCID: PMC10418724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous work, we showed that cancer cells do not depend on glycolysis for ATP production, but they do on fatty acid oxidation. However, we found some cancer cells induced cell death after glucose deprivation along with a decrease of ATP production. We investigated the different response of glucose deprivation with two types of cancer cells including glucose insensitive cancer cells (GIC) which do not change ATP levels, and glucose sensitive cancer cells (GSC) which decrease ATP production in 24 h. Glucose deprivation-induced cell death in GSC by more than twofold after 12 h and by up to tenfold after 24 h accompanied by decreased ATP production to compare to the control (cultured in glucose). Glucose deprivation decreased the levels of metabolic intermediates of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in both GSC and GIC. However, glucose deprivation increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) only in GSC, suggesting that GIC have a higher tolerance for decreased NADPH than GSC. The twofold higher ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in GIS than in GSC correlates closely with the twofold lower ROS levels under glucose starvation conditions. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a precursor to the biologic antioxidant glutathione restored ATP production by 70% and reversed cell death caused by glucose deprivation in GSC. The present findings suggest that glucose deprivation-induced cancer cell death is not caused by decreased ATP levels, but rather triggered by a failure of ROS regulation by the antioxidant system. Conclusion is clear that glucose deprivation-induced cell death is independent from ATP depletion-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Kang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.Y.S.); (H.L.)
- New Cancer Cure Bio Co., Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon H. Kang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.Y.S.); (H.L.)
- New Cancer Cure Bio Co., Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - In A. Sim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.Y.S.); (H.L.)
- New Cancer Cure Bio Co., Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Y. Seong
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.Y.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Suji Han
- Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.H.); (H.J.)
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.Y.S.); (H.L.)
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang W. Kang
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Women’s University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (J.H.K.); (I.A.S.); (D.Y.S.); (H.L.)
- New Cancer Cure Bio Co., Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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16
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Celik A, Bakar-Ates F. Alpha-lipoic acid induced apoptosis of PC3 prostate cancer cells through an alteration on mitochondrial membrane depolarization and MMP-9 mRNA expression. Med Oncol 2023; 40:244. [PMID: 37453954 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Over the past decades, biomedical research revealed insights into the molecular events and signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a diverse family of enzymes that can degrade various components of the extracellular matrix and are considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for many cancer types and cancer stages. Recently, studies on the role of natural-origin active substances in the prevention of cancer development gained importance. Among them, the α-lipoic acid, which is commonly found in plants, displayed potent anti-proliferative effects on cancer cell lines. However, the effect of the compound on the induction of apoptosis and mRNA expression of MMPs in human prostate cancer cells remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity of α-lipoic acid in human PC3 prostate carcinoma cells considering different concentrations and exposure durations. The findings showed that, α-lipoic acid significantly decreased PC3 cell viability with an IC50 value of 1.71 mM at 48 h (p < 0.05). Additionally, the compound significantly increased Annexin-V binding in cells compared to control and induced a significant alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase levels (p < 0.05). Furhermore, the RT-PCR analyses have revealed that α-lipoic acid reduced MMP-9 mRNA expression in PC3 cells compared to the control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study highlights that α-lipoic acid induced apoptosis in human PC3 prostate cancer cells and inhibited the MMP-9 gene at the mRNA level, which is known to play a role in metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybuke Celik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Anadolu, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Bakar-Ates
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Anadolu, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
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17
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Musikavanhu B, Zhu D, Tang M, Xue Z, Wang S, Zhao L. A naphthol hydrazone Schiff base bearing benzothiadiazole unit for fluorescent detection of Fe 3+ in PC3 cells. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 289:122242. [PMID: 36542920 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Naphthol hydrazone derivatives are recognized as efficient chelating agents for both qualitative and quantitative detection of metal ions. Here we design a naphthol hydrazine-based chemosensor with covalently linking a strong electron-withdrawing benzothiadiazole group to modulate the molecular electronic structure, nominated as NtHzBtd. The fluorescent probe performs excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ with 1:1 binding stoichiometry, while exhibiting a quick response at 55 s with a relatively low limit of detection of 0.036 µM. A series of spectroscopic measurements in tandem with theoretical calculations suggest that the probe undergoes both intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and chelation enhanced quenching (CHEQ) processes. Successful color rendering of paper strips and bioimaging in PC3 cells demonstrate the promising applicability of NtHzBtd for portable Fe3+ detection in real samples and biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Musikavanhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mengran Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Zhang GW, Zhan MW, Zhan XX, Yu Y, Liu PF, Wang L, Wu H, He CQ, Lou Q, Shang XJ. [Biological mechanisms of Oxalis corniculata regulating human prostate cancer PC-3 cells: An investigation based on the NF-κB pathway]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2023; 29:202-209. [PMID: 38597700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the biological mechanisms underlying the effect of the Chinese herbal medicine Oxalis corniculata on human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. METHODS Through in vitro experiment, we treated human prostate cancer PC-3 cells with different concentrations of Oxalis corniculata, assessed the viability of the cells by MTT assay, examined their apoptosis by flow cytometry, evaluated their migration and invasiveness by Transwell assay, and determined the expressions of the proteins p65, p-p65, IκBα and p-IκBα in the NF-κB pathway using protein imprinting technology. RESULTS Compared with the blank control, Oxalis corniculata significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of the PC-3 cells (P< 0.05), suppressed their migration and invasiveness in a dose-dependent manner (P< 0.05), and upregulated the expression of IκBα and downregulated those of p-p65 and p-IκBα in the NF-κB pathway (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION Oxalis corniculata can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasiveness and induce the apoptosis of human prostate cancer PC cells, which may be attributed to its abilities of inhibiting the expressions of p-p65 and p-IκBα and regulating the activity of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| | - Ming-Wei Zhan
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine / General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Xu-Xin Zhan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Xi'an Peoples' Hospital / Xi'an Fourth Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yi Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital Of Ningbo University Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000; 5.Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine / General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; 6.Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Can-Qin He
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine / General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Qiang Lou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Xue-Jun Shang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine / General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
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Wakisaka Y, Minami K, Okada N, Tsubouchi T, Hamatani N, Yagi M, Takashina M, Kanai T. Treatment planning of carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate cancer based on cellular experiments with PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Phys Med 2023; 107:102537. [PMID: 36780791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Treatment plans for carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) in Japan are designed to uniformly deliver the prescribed clinical dose based on the radiosensitivity of human salivary gland (HSG) cells to the planning target volume (PTV). However, sensitivity to carbon beams varies between cell lines, that is, it should be checked that the clinical dose distribution based on the cell radiosensitivity of the treatment site is uniform within the PTV. [Methods] We modeled the linear energy transfer (LET) dependence of the linear-quadratic (LQ) coefficients specific to prostate cancer, which accounts for the majority of CIRT. This was achieved by irradiating prostate cancer cells (PC3) with X-rays from a 4 MV-Linac and carbon beams with different LETs of 11.1-214.3 keV/μm. By using the radiosensitivity of PC3 cells derived from cellular experiments, we reconstructed prostate-cancer-specific clinical dose distributions on patient computed tomography (CT). [Results] The LQ coefficient, α, of PC3 cells was larger than that of HSG cells at low (<50 keV/μm) LET and smaller at high (>50 keV/μm) LET, which was validated by cellular experiments performed on rectangular SOBPs. The reconstructed dose distribution on patient CT was sloped when 1 fraction incident from the one side of the patient was considered, but remained uniform from the sum of 12 fractions of the left-right opposing beams (as is used in clinical practice). [Conclusion] Our study reveals the inhomogeneity of clinical doses in single-field plans calculated using the PC3 radiosensitivity data. However, this inhomogeneity is compensated by using the combination of left-right opposing beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Wakisaka
- Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Minami
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nao Okada
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Masashi Yagi
- Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuaki Kanai
- Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City, Osaka, Japan
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Zhang R, Zhang Z, Wu W, Shi J, Berk E, Li W, Deng Y, Wang Z, Hou J, Long H, Lei M, Wu W. Multi-omics profiling of PC-3 cells reveals bufadienolides-induced lipid metabolic remodeling by regulating long-chain lipids synthesis and hydrolysis. Metabolomics 2023; 19:6. [PMID: 36645548 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid metabolism participates in various biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and maintenance of membrane homeostasis of prostate tumor cells. Bufadienolides, the active ingredients of Chansu, show a robust anti-proliferative effect against prostate cancer cells in vitro, but whether bufadienolides could regulate the lipid metabolism in prostate cancer has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES Our study explored the regulatory effects of bufadienolides on lipid metabolism in human prostate carcinoma cells (PC-3). METHODS Untargeted lipidomics and transcriptomics were combined to study the effect of different bufadienolides interventions on lipid and gene changes of PC-3 cells. The key genes related to lipid metabolism and prostate cancer development were verified by qPCR and western blotting. RESULTS Lipidomic analysis showed that the active bufadienolides significantly downregulated the content of long-chain lipids of PC-3 cells. Based on transcriptomic and qPCR analyses, many genes related to lipid metabolism were significantly regulated by active bufadienolides, such as ELOVL6, CYP2E1, GAL3ST1, CERS1, PLA2G10, PLD1, SPTLC3, and GPX2. Bioinformatics analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas database and literature retrieval showed that elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (ELOVL6) and phospholipase D1 (PLD1) might be important regulatory genes. Western blot analysis revealed that active bufadienolides could downregulate PLD1 protein levels which might promote anti-prostate cancer effect. CONCLUSIONS All these findings support that bufadienolides might induce lipid metabolic remodeling by regulating long-chain lipids synthesis and phospholipid hydrolysis to achieve an anti-prostate cancer effect, and PLD1 would probably be the key protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jingying Shi
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Entezar Berk
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Deng
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Long
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Jeon D, Jo M, Lee Y, Park SH, Phan HTL, Nam JH, Namkung W. Inhibition of ANO1 by Cis- and Trans-Resveratrol and Their Anticancer Activity in Human Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021186. [PMID: 36674697 PMCID: PMC9862168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel, is involved in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of various cancer cells including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. Inhibition of ANO1 activity or downregulation of ANO1 expression in these cancer cells is known to exhibit anticancer effects. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol abundant in wines, grapes, berries, soybeans, and peanuts, shows a wide variety of biological effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of two stereoisomers of resveratrol on ANO1 activity and found that cis- and trans-resveratrol inhibited ANO1 activity with different potencies. Cis- and trans-resveratrol inhibited ANO1 channel activity with IC50 values of 10.6 and 102 μM, respectively, and had no significant effect on intracellular calcium signaling at 10 and 100 μM, respectively. In addition, cis-resveratrol downregulated mRNA and protein expression levels of ANO1 more potently than trans-resveratrol in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Cis- and trans-resveratrol significantly reduced cell proliferation and cell migration in an ANO1-dependent manner, and both resveratrol isomers strongly increased caspase-3 activity, PARP cleavage, and apoptotic sub-G1 phase ratio in PC-3 cells. These results revealed that cis-resveratrol is a potent inhibitor of ANO1 and exhibits ANO1-dependent anticancer activity against human metastatic prostate cancer PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkyu Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Jo
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Yechan Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Thi Lam Phan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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22
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Maleki F, Sadeghian H, Bahrami AR, Goftari SN, Matin MM. Investigating the Anti-tumor and Apoptosis-inducing Effects of Coumarin Derivatives as Potent 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors on PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:1722-1730. [PMID: 37171011 DOI: 10.2174/1871520623666230511102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among men. Despite different treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy and immunotherapy for this disease, patients ultimately progress to advanced states. Thus, there is a need for new treatment options targeting cell growth and apoptosis to better control the proliferation and metastasis of these cells. There are many reports indicating overexpression of the 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) enzyme in prostate tumors. Studies have also shown that inhibition of this enzyme prevents the progression of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to assess the anti-cancer properties of some coumarin derivatives as possible 15- LOX-1 inhibitors, on PC-3 prostate cancer cells. METHODS In this study, the activity of 15-LOX-1 was evaluated in PC-3 cells by a spectrophotometric assay. In addition, due to high similarity between the 15-LOX-1 and soybean 15-lipoxygenase (SLO) (L1; EC 1, 13, 11, 12) active sites, the soybean SLO was used to investigate inhibitory effects of synthetic coumarin compounds 8- isopentenyloxycoumarin (8-IC), 8-isopentenyloxy-3-carboxycoumarin (8-ICC), 8-geranyloxycoumarin (8-GC), 8- geranyloxy-3-carboxycoumarin (8-GCC), and 8-farnesyloxy-3-carboxycoumarin (8-FCC) on this enzyme. Moreover, the cytotoxic and anticancer effects of the coumarin compounds were examined on PC-3 (Prostate Cancer) and HDF-1 (Human Dermal Fibroblast) cells by alamarBlue assay. Finally, apoptosis-inducing effects of all synthetic compounds were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS The IC50 values obtained by the alamarBlue test revealed that 8-IC, 8-GC and 8-GCC had cytotoxic effects on PC-3 cells. Treating both PC-3 and HDF-1 cells with 8-ICC and 8-FCC did not significantly reduce cell number. Furthermore, the IC50 values of 8-IC on HDF-1 cells showed cytotoxic effects, while treating these cells with 8-GC and 8- GCC did not show any significant cytotoxicity on these normal human fibroblasts. Assessing the ability of 4-MMPB (as a specific inhibitor of 15-LOX-1), 8-GC, and 8-GCC compounds to inhibit SLO revealed that these compounds exerted strong 15-LOX-1 inhibitory activity, while 8-IC and 8-FCC had a weak inhibitory effect and also 8-ICC showed no inhibitory effect on SLO enzyme. In addition, flow cytometric analysis by FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate)- annexin V and propidium iodide showed that treatment with IC50 values of 8-GC and 8-GCC induced apoptosis in 35.2% and 30.8% of PC-3 cells, respectively. CONCLUSION Thus, 8-GC and 8-GCC can be introduced as effective anticancer agents with apoptosis-inducing properties. Furthermore, our results suggest that the cytotoxic effects of these compounds might be related to the inhibition of 15-LOX-1 enzyme in PC-3 cells. On the other hand, the cytotoxic effects of 8-IC might be due to the inhibition of other signaling pathways in PC-3 cells. However, further in vivo experiments are required to determine the exact mechanisms involved in the anticancer effects of these coumarin compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Maleki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Sadeghian
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Navid Goftari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghaddam Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Pszczółkowska B, Olejarz W, Filipek M, Tartas A, Kubiak-Tomaszewska G, Żołnierzak A, Życieńska K, Ginter J, Lorenc T, Brzozowska B. Exosome secretion and cellular response of DU145 and PC3 after exposure to alpha radiation. Radiat Environ Biophys 2022; 61:639-650. [PMID: 36098819 PMCID: PMC9630248 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are spherical membrane nanovesicles secreted from cells, and they play an important role in tumor immune response, metastasis, angiogenesis, and survival. Studies investigating exosomes isolated from cells exposed to photon radiation commonly used in conventional radiotherapy demonstrate the influence of this type of radiation on exosome characteristics and secretion. There is currently no research investigating the effects of densely ionizing particles such as protons and alpha radiation on exosomes. Thus we have evaluated the cellular response of human prostate cancer cells exposed to 0, 2, and 6 Gy of alpha radiation emitted from the Am-241 source. Irradiated PC3 and DU145 cell lines, characterized by differences in radiosensitivity, were studied using apoptosis, LDH, and IL-6 assays. Additionally, the corresponding concentration and size of isolated exosomes were measured using NTA. We found that exposure to ionizing radiation resulted in gross changes in viability and cell damage. There were increased amounts of apoptotic or necrotic cells as a function of radiation dose. We demonstrated that irradiated PC3 cells secrete higher quantities of exosomes compared to DU145 cells. Additionally, we also found no statistical difference in exosome size for control and irradiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pszczółkowska
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093 Poland
| | - Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw, 02-097 Poland
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw, 02-097 Poland
| | - Mateusz Filipek
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093 Poland
| | - Adrianna Tartas
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093 Poland
| | - Grażyna Kubiak-Tomaszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw, 02-097 Poland
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw, 02-097 Poland
| | - Aleksandra Żołnierzak
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw, 02-097 Poland
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, Warsaw, 02-097 Poland
| | - Katarzyna Życieńska
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093 Poland
| | - Józef Ginter
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093 Poland
| | - Tomasz Lorenc
- 1st Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubińskiego Street, Warsaw, 02-004 Poland
| | - Beata Brzozowska
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093 Poland
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Jiang M, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Wang J. Suncheonosides E-M and Benzothioate Derivatives from the Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. ZSN77. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:1771-1778. [PMID: 35762988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen new compounds, including suncheonosides E-M (1-9), four benzothioate derivatives (10-13), and one known compound (14), were identified from the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. ZSN77. Suncheonosides E-M incorporate β-d-glucose, while the reported suncheonosides (A-D) incorporate only l-rhamnose. All of the structures were determined by extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS data. Bioactivity evaluation of these compounds showed that 6 had significant activity against PC3 cells with an IC50 value of 4.1 ± 0.1 μM, while compounds 12 and 14 exhibited cytotoxicity against HCT116 cells with IC50 values of 7.3 ± 0.4 and 3.9 ± 0.3 μM, respectively. In addition, compounds 1, 2, 6, 10, and 14 displayed potent in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy with inhibition of NO production in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Jiang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Ma
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China
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Habbit NL, Anbiah B, Anderson L, Suresh J, Hassani I, Eggert M, Brannen A, Davis J, Tian Y, Prabhakarpandian B, Panizzi P, Arnold RD, Lipke EA. Tunable three-dimensional engineered prostate cancer tissues for in vitro recapitulation of heterogeneous in vivo prostate tumor stiffness. Acta Biomater 2022; 147:73-90. [PMID: 35551999 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript we report the establishment and characterization of a three-dimensional in vitro, coculture engineered prostate cancer tissue (EPCaT) disease model based upon and informed by our characterization of in vivo prostate cancer (PCa) xenograft tumor stiffness. In prostate cancer, tissue stiffness is known to impact changes in gene and protein expression, alter therapeutic response, and be positively correlated with an aggressive clinical presentation. To inform an appropriate stiffness range for our in vitro model, PC-3 prostate tumor xenografts were established. Tissue stiffness ranged from 95 to 6,750 Pa. Notably, xenograft cell seeding density significantly impacted tumor stiffness; a two-fold increase in the number of seeded cells not only widened the tissue stiffness range throughout the tumor but also resulted in significant spatial heterogeneity. To fabricate our in vitro EPCaT model, PC-3 castration-resistant prostate cancer cells were co-encapsulated with BJ-5ta fibroblasts within a poly(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen matrix augmented with excess poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate to modulate the matrix mechanical properties. Encapsulated cells temporally remodeled their in vitro microenvironment and enrichment of gene sets associated with tumorigenic progression was observed in response to increased matrix stiffness. Through variation of matrix composition and culture duration, EPCaTs were tuned to mimic the wide range of biomechanical cues provided to PCa cells in vivo; collectively, a range of 50 to 10,000 Pa was achievable. Markedly, this also encompasses published clinical PCa stiffness data. Overall, this study serves to introduce our bioinspired, tunable EPCaT model and provide the foundation for future PCa progression and drug development studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of cancer models that mimic the native tumor microenvironment (TME) complexities is critical to not only develop effective drugs but also enhance our understanding of disease progression. Here we establish and characterize our 3D in vitro engineered prostate cancer tissue model with tunable matrix stiffness, that is inspired by this study's spatial characterization of in vivo prostate tumor xenograft stiffness. Notably, our model's mimicry of the TME is further augmented by the inclusion of matrix remodeling fibroblasts to introduce cancer-stromal cell-cell interactions. This study addresses a critical unmet need in the field by elucidating the prostate tumor xenograft stiffness range and establishing a foundation for recapitulating the biomechanics of site-of-origin and soft tissue metastatic prostate tumors in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Habbit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Benjamin Anbiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Luke Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Joshita Suresh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Iman Hassani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Matthew Eggert
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 362 Thach Concourse, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Andrew Brannen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 362 Thach Concourse, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Joshua Davis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 362 Thach Concourse, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Peter Panizzi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 362 Thach Concourse, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 362 Thach Concourse, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Lee J, Olivieri C, Ong C, Masterson LR, Gomes S, Lee BS, Schaefer F, Lorenz K, Veglia G, Rosner MR. Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein regulates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway through a positive feedback loop. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121867119. [PMID: 35696587 PMCID: PMC9231499 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121867119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP) maintains cellular robustness and prevents the progression of diseases such as cancer and heart disease by regulating key kinase cascades including MAP kinase and protein kinase A (PKA). Phosphorylation of RKIP at S153 by Protein Kinase C (PKC) triggers a switch from inhibition of Raf to inhibition of the G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), enhancing signaling by the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) that activates PKA. Here we report that PKA-phosphorylated RKIP promotes β-AR-activated PKA signaling. Using biochemical, genetic, and biophysical approaches, we show that PKA phosphorylates RKIP at S51, increasing S153 phosphorylation by PKC and thereby triggering feedback activation of PKA. The S51V mutation blocks the ability of RKIP to activate PKA in prostate cancer cells and to induce contraction in primary cardiac myocytes in response to the β-AR activator isoproterenol, illustrating the functional importance of this positive feedback circuit. As previously shown for other kinases, phosphorylation of RKIP at S51 by PKA is enhanced upon RKIP destabilization by the P74L mutation. These results suggest that PKA phosphorylation at S51 may lead to allosteric changes associated with a higher-energy RKIP state that potentiates phosphorylation of RKIP at other key sites. This allosteric regulatory mechanism may have therapeutic potential for regulating PKA signaling in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Lee
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Cristina Olivieri
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Colin Ong
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Larry R. Masterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Suzana Gomes
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Bok-Soon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037
- George Washington University Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Florian Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Veglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Marsha Rich Rosner
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Yamaguchi M, Murata T, Ramos JW. Overexpression of regucalcin blocks the migration, invasion, and bone metastatic activity of human prostate cancer cells: Crosstalk between cancer cells and bone cells. Prostate 2022; 82:1025-1039. [PMID: 35365850 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a bone metastatic cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Prolonged progression-free survival of prostate cancer patients is associated with high regucalcin expression in the tumor tissues. This study investigates the underlying mechanism by which regucalcin prevents bone metastatic activity of prostate cancer cells. METHODS Human prostate cancer PC-3 or DU-145 wild-type cells or regucalcin-overexpressing PC-3 or DU-145 cells (transfectants) were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. RESULTS Overexpressed regucalcin suppressed the migration and invasion of bone metastatic human prostate cancer cells in vitro, and it reduced the levels of key proteins in metastasis including Ras, Akt, MAPK, RSK-2, mTOR, caveolin-1, and integrin β1. Invasion of prostate cancer cells was promoted by coculturing with preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 or preosteoclastic RAW264.7 cells. Coculturing with cancer cells and bone cells repressed the growth of preosteoblastic cells and enhanced osteoclastogenesis of preosteoclastic cells, and these alterations were caused by a conditioned medium from cancer cell culture. Disordered differentiation of bone cells was prevented by regucalcin overexpression. Production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in cancer cells was blocked by overexpressed regucalcin. Of note, the effects of conditioned medium on bone cells were prevented by NF-κB inhibitor. TNF-α may be important as a mediator in the crosstalk between cancer cells and bone cells. CONCLUSION Overexpression of regucalcin suppressed the migration, invasion, and bone metastatic activity of human prostate cancer cells. This study may provide a new strategy for therapy with the regucalcin gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii, USA
| | - Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Joe W Ramos
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii, USA
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28
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Yamaguchi M, Yosiike K, Watanabe H, Watanabe M. The marine factor 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol suppresses growth, migration and invasion and stimulates death of metastatic human prostate cancer cells: targeting diverse signaling processes. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:424-436. [PMID: 35324521 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is metastatic cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. It is needed to develop more effective treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. The present study investigates whether the novel factor 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (DHMBA), which was isolated from marine oyster, suppresses the activity of metastatic human prostate cancer PC-3 or DU-145 cells. Culture of DHMBA (1 or 10 µM) suppressed colony formation and growth of PC-3 or DU-145 cells in vitro. Suppressive effects of DHMBA on cell proliferation were not occurred by culturing with intracellular signaling inhibitors. Mechanistically, DHMBA (10 µM) reduced the levels of key proteins linked to promotion of cell growth, including Ras, PI3K, Akt, MAPK, and mTOR in PC-3 cells. Interestingly, DHMBA increased the levels of cancer suppressor p53, p21, Rb, and regucalcin. Moreover, culture of DHMBA simulated the death of PC-3 and DU-145 cells. This effect was implicated to caspase-3 activation in cells. Interestingly, the effects of DHMBA on cell proliferation and death were blocked by culturing with an inhibitor of aryl hydrocarbon receptor linked to transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, culture of DHMBA inhibited production of reactive oxygen species in PC-3 or DU-145 cells. Of note, DHMBA blocked migration and invasion by diminishing their related protein levels, including NF-κB 65, caveolin-1 and integrin β1. The novel marine factor DHMBA was demonstrated to suppress metastatic prostate cancer cells via targeting diverse signaling pathways. This study may provide a new strategy for prostate cancer therapy with DHMBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kenji Yosiike
- Department of Research and development, Watanabe Oyster Laboratory Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Watanabe
- Department of Research and development, Watanabe Oyster Laboratory Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Watanabe
- Department of Research and development, Watanabe Oyster Laboratory Co. Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Shafiee G, Saidijam M, Tayebinia H, Khodadadi I. Beneficial effects of genistein in suppression of proliferation, inhibition of metastasis, and induction of apoptosis in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:694-702. [PMID: 31985311 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1717541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Beneficial effects of genistein have been studied in various cancer types but the underlying molecular mechanisms of its actions have not been well established. This study investigated the effects of genistein on caspase-3 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) as main cellular signalling targets in PC3 prostate cancer cells. METHODS Caspase-3 and p38MAPK gene expression and intracellular protein levels were determined. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) gelatinase activity and caspase-3 enzyme activity were measured and PC3 cell migration and proliferation potencies were assessed. RESULTS Genistein induced apoptosis by enhancing the gene expression, intracellular protein level, and enzyme activity of caspase-3. Genistein also inhibited cell proliferation by reducing p38MAPK gene expression and protein level and strongly suppressed metastatic potency of PC3 cells by reducing MMP2 activity. CONCLUSION Genistein exhibits its beneficial anticancer properties on PC3 cells by reducing metastatic potency and regulating caspase-3 and p38MAPK pathways at different transcriptional and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Shafiee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tayebinia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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30
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Ossoli A, Giorgio E, Cetti F, Ruscica M, Rabacchi C, Tarugi P, Parini P, Pedrelli M, Gomaraschi M. HDL-mediated reduction of cholesterol content inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer cells induced by LDL: Role of ABCA1 and proteasome inhibition. Biofactors 2022; 48:707-717. [PMID: 35579277 PMCID: PMC9325382 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are well known for their atheroprotective function, mainly due to their ability to remove cell cholesterol and to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Through the same mechanisms HDL could also affect the development and progression of tumors. Cancer cells need cholesterol to proliferate, especially in hormone-dependent tumors, as prostate cancer (PCa). Aim of the study was to investigate the ability of HDL to modulate cholesterol content and metabolism in androgen receptor (AR)-positive and AR-null PCa cell lines and the consequences on cell proliferation. HDL inhibited colony formation of LNCaP and PC3 cells. HDL reduced cell cholesterol content and proliferation of LNCaP cells loaded with low-density lipoproteins but were not effective on PC3 cells. Here, the expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) was markedly reduced due to proteasome degradation. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, restored ABCA1 expression and HDL ability to promote cholesterol removal from PC3; consequently, HDL inhibited the proliferation of PC3 cells induced by LDL only after bortezomib pre-treatment. In conclusion, the antiproliferative activity of HDL on AR-positive and AR-null PCa cells also rely on cholesterol removal, a process in which the ABCA1 transporter plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ossoli
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Eleonora Giorgio
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Federica Cetti
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Claudio Rabacchi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Patrizia Tarugi
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Medicine Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and AgeingKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Monica Gomaraschi
- Centro Enrica Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e BiomolecolariUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
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31
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Coley AB, Stahly AN, Kasukurthi MV, Barchie AA, Hutcheson SB, Houserova D, Huang Y, Watters BC, King VM, Dean MA, Roberts JT, DeMeis JD, Amin KV, McInnis CH, Godang NL, Wright RM, Haider DF, Piracha NB, Brown CL, Ijaz ZM, Li S, Xi Y, McDonald OG, Huang J, Borchert GM. MicroRNA-like snoRNA-Derived RNAs (sdRNAs) Promote Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081302. [PMID: 35455981 PMCID: PMC9032336 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified 38 specifically excised, differentially expressed snoRNA fragments (sdRNAs) in TCGA prostate cancer (PCa) patient samples as compared to normal prostate controls. SnoRNA-derived fragments sdRNA-D19b and -A24 emerged among the most differentially expressed and were selected for further experimentation. We found that the overexpression of either sdRNA significantly increased PC3 (a well-established model of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)) cell proliferation, and that sdRNA-D19b overexpression also markedly increased the rate of PC3 cell migration. In addition, both sdRNAs provided drug-specific resistances with sdRNA-D19b levels correlating with paclitaxel resistance and sdRNA-24A conferring dasatinib resistance. In silico and in vitro analyses revealed that two established PCa tumor suppressor genes, CD44 and CDK12, represent targets for sdRNA-D19b and sdRNA-A24, respectively. This outlines a biologically coherent mechanism by which sdRNAs downregulate tumor suppressors in AR-PCa to enhance proliferative and metastatic capabilities and to encourage chemotherapeutic resistance. Aggressive proliferation, rampant metastasis, and recalcitrance to chemotherapy are core characteristics of CRPC that synergize to produce a pathology that ranks second in cancer-related deaths for men. This study defines sdRNA-D19b and -A24 as contributors to AR-PCa, potentially providing novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets of use in PCa clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Coley
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
| | - Ashlyn N. Stahly
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Mohan V. Kasukurthi
- School of Computing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (M.V.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Addison A. Barchie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA;
| | - Sam B. Hutcheson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
| | - Dominika Houserova
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
| | - Yulong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
| | - Brianna C. Watters
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
| | - Valeria M. King
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Meghan A. Dean
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA;
| | - Justin T. Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. DeMeis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA;
| | - Krisha V. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
| | - Cameron H. McInnis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA;
| | - Noel L. Godang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA;
| | - Ryan M. Wright
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA;
| | - David F. Haider
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA;
| | - Neha B. Piracha
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA;
| | - Cana L. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
| | - Zohaib M. Ijaz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
| | - Shengyu Li
- School of Computing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (M.V.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Yaguang Xi
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Oliver G. McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Jingshan Huang
- School of Computing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (M.V.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Glen M. Borchert
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (A.B.C.); (A.A.B.); (S.B.H.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (B.C.W.); (M.A.D.); (J.T.R.); (J.D.D.); (K.V.A.); (C.H.M.); (N.L.G.); (R.M.W.); (D.F.H.); (N.B.P.); (C.L.B.); (Z.M.I.)
- School of Computing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, USA; (M.V.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-251-461-1367
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Sienkiewicz K, Yang C, Paschal BM, Ratan A. Genomic analyses of the metastasis-derived prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, VCaP, and PC3-AR. Prostate 2022; 82:442-451. [PMID: 34951700 PMCID: PMC8792310 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lymph node metastasis-derived LNCaP, the bone metastasis-derived PC3 (skull), and VCaP (vertebral) cell lines are widely used as preclinical models of human prostate cancer (CaP) and have been described in more than 19,000 publications. Here, we report on short-read whole-genome sequencing and genomic analyses of LNCaP, VCaP, and PC3 cells stably transduced with WT AR (PC3-AR). METHODS LNCaP, VCaP, and PC3-AR cell lines were sequenced to an average depth of more than 30-fold using Illumina short-read sequencing. Using various computational methods, we identified and compared the single-nucleotide variants, copy-number profiles, and the structural variants observed in the three cell lines. RESULTS LNCaP cells are composed of multiple subpopulations, which results in nonintegral copy number states and a high mutational load when the data is analyzed in bulk. All three cell lines contain pathogenic mutations and homozygous deletions in genes involved in DNA mismatch repair, along with deleterious mutations in cell-cycle, Wnt signaling, and other critical cellular processes. PC3-AR cells have a truncating mutation in TP53 and do not express the p53 protein. The VCaP cells contain a homozygous gain-of-function mutation in TP53 (p.R248W) that promotes cancer invasion, metastasis, and progression and has also been observed in prostate adenocarcinomas. In addition, we detect the signatures of chromothripsis of the q arms of chromosome 5 in both PC3-AR and VCaP cells, strengthening the association of TP53 inactivation with chromothripsis reported in other systems. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides a resource for genetic, genomic, and biological studies employing these commonly-used prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunsong Yang
- Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Bryce M. Paschal
- Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
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Cao X, Shang Y, Kong W, Jiang S, Liao J, Dai R. Flavonoids derived from Anemarrhenae Rhizoma ameliorate inflammation of benign prostatic hyperplasia via modulating COX/LOX pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 284:114740. [PMID: 34737006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Flavonoids are the main components of the traditional Chinese medicine Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (dried rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.), which has been reported to possess activity against inflammation and tumor. AIM OF STUDY Regulation of the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade through cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) represent the two major pathways to treat inflammatory of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma flavonoids and its main compounds (mangiferin, neomangiferin and isomangiferin) were investigated for effects on AA metabolism. METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to monitor AA metabolites in BPH rats and in PC-3 cells. COX-2 and 5-LOX protein and mRNA levels were measured by Western blot and qPCR, respectively, along with histopathological assessment of prostate tissues. RESULTS Treatment with flavonoids significantly ameliorated BPH-associated prostate inflammation and inhibited the expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX at the protein and mRNA levels. Quantitative metabolomic analysis of blood plasma showed flavonoids treatment decreased AA levels and its metabolites associated with the COX and LOX pathways. Further exploration of the flavonoid compounds mangiferin, neomangiferin and isomangiferin showed they inhibited AA metabolism to varying degrees in PC-3 cell cultures. CONCLUSION Anemarrhenae Rhizoma flavonoids act to inhibit BPH-related inflammation in vivo and in vitro by targeting AA metabolism and interfering with COX and LOX pathways. The identification of mangiferin, neomangiferin and isomangiferin as anti-inflammatory components suggests flavonoids interventions represent a promising therapeutic approach for BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Ying Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Weigui Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Shuqing Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Ronghua Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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34
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Schwarz FM, Schniewind I, Besso MJ, Lange S, Linge A, Patil SG, Löck S, Klusa D, Dietrich A, Voss-Böhme A, Nowrouzi A, Krause M, Dubrovska A, Kurth I, Peitzsch C. Plasticity within aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cells determines prostate cancer radiosensitivity. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:794-809. [PMID: 35135863 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity and cellular plasticity are key determinants of tumor progression, metastatic spread and therapy response driven by the cancer stem cell (CSC) population. Within the present study, we analyzed irradiation-induced plasticity within the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive population in prostate cancer (PCa). The radiosensitivity of xenograft tumors derived from ALDH+ and ALDH- cells was determined with local tumor control analyses and demonstrated different dose-response profiles, time to relapse and focal adhesion signaling. The transcriptional heterogeneity was analyzed in pools of ten DU145 and PC3 cells with multiplex gene expression analyses and illustrated a higher degree of heterogeneity within the ALDH+ population that even increases upon irradiation in comparison to ALDH- cells. Phenotypic conversion and clonal competition were analyzed with fluorescence protein-labeled cells to distinguish cellular origins in competitive 3D cultures and xenograft tumors. We found that the ALDH+ population outcompetes ALDH- cells and drives tumor growth, in particular upon irradiation. The observed dynamics of the cellular state compositions between ALDH+ and ALDH- cells in vivo before and after tumor irradiation was reproduced by a probabilistic Markov compartment model that incorporates cellular plasticity, clonal competition and phenotype-specific radiosensitivities. Transcriptional analyses indicate that the cellular conversion from ALDH- into ALDH+ cells within xenograft tumors under therapeutic pressure was partially mediated through induction of the transcriptional repressor SNAI2. In summary, irradiation-induced cellular conversion events are present in xenograft tumors derived from PCa cells and may be responsible for radiotherapy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Schwarz
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iñaki Schniewind
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria J Besso
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Lange
- Faculty of Informatics/Mathematics, University of Applied Science, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shivaprasad G Patil
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daria Klusa
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Dietrich
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Voss-Böhme
- Faculty of Informatics/Mathematics, University of Applied Science, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ali Nowrouzi
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Kurth
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, National Center for Radiation Oncology (NCRO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Yan Y, Zhou B, Qian C, Vasquez A, Kamra M, Chatterjee A, Lee YJ, Yuan X, Ellis L, Di Vizio D, Posadas EM, Kyprianou N, Knudsen BS, Shah K, Murali R, Gertych A, You S, Freeman MR, Yang W. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) stabilizes c-Myc and is a therapeutic target in prostate cancer metastasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:669. [PMID: 35115556 PMCID: PMC8813925 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in prostate cancer (PC) therapeutics, distant metastasis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality from PC. Thus, there is growing recognition that preventing or delaying PC metastasis holds great potential for substantially improving patient outcomes. Here we show receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a clinically actionable target for inhibiting PC metastasis. RIPK2 is amplified/gained in ~65% of lethal metastatic castration-resistant PC. Its overexpression is associated with disease progression and poor prognosis, and its genetic knockout substantially reduces PC metastasis. Multi-level proteomics analyses reveal that RIPK2 strongly regulates the stability and activity of c-Myc (a driver of metastasis), largely via binding to and activating mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7), which we identify as a direct c-Myc-S62 kinase. RIPK2 inhibition by preclinical and clinical drugs inactivates the noncanonical RIPK2/MKK7/c-Myc pathway and effectively impairs PC metastatic outgrowth. These results support targeting RIPK2 signaling to extend metastasis-free and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwu Yan
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- InterVenn Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex Vasquez
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohini Kamra
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Avradip Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yeon-Joo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaopu Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beatrice S Knudsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kavita Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arkadiusz Gertych
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Wang J, Du X, Wang X, Xiao H, Jing N, Xue W, Dong B, Gao WQ, Fang YX. Tumor-derived miR-378a-3p-containing extracellular vesicles promote osteolysis by activating the Dyrk1a/Nfatc1/Angptl2 axis for bone metastasis. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:76-90. [PMID: 34801597 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Most prostate cancer (PCa)-related deaths are caused by progression to bone metastasis. Recently, the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in pre-metastatic niche formation has been reported. However, whether and how tumor-derived EVs interact with bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) to release EV-delivered microRNAs to promote osteolysis and induce pre-metastatic niche formation for PCa bone metastasis remain unclear. Our in vitro and in vivo functional and mechanistic assays revealed that EV-mediated release of miR-378a-3p from tumor cells was upregulated in bone-metastatic PCa, maintaining low intracellular miR-378a-3p concentration to promote proliferation and MAOA-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, miR-378a-3p enrichment in tumor-derived EVs was induced by hnRNPA2B1 (a transfer chaperone) overexpression. After tumor-derived EVs were taken in by BMMs, enriched miR-378a-3p promoted osteolytic progression by inhibiting Dyrk1a to improve Nfatc1 (an osteolysis-related transcription factor) nuclear translocation, to activate the expression of downstream target gene Angptl2. As a feedback, increased Angptl2 secretion into the tumor environment promoted PCa progression. In conclusion, tumor-derived miR-378a-3p-containing EVs play a significant role in PCa bone metastasis by activating the Dyrk1a/Nfatc1/Angptl2 axis in BMMs to induce osteolytic progression, making miR-378a-3p a potential predictor of metastatic PCa. Reducing the release of miR-378a-3p-containing EVs or inhibiting the recruitment of miR-378a-3p into EVs can be a therapeutic strategy against PCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinxing Du
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huixiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Nan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Sahyon HAE, Ramadan ENM, Althobaiti F, Mashaly MMA. Anti-proliferative effects of the combination of Sulfamethoxazole and Quercetin via caspase3 and NFkB gene regulation: an in vitro and in vivo study. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:227-246. [PMID: 34994822 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy comprising natural polyphenols and anticancer drugs has been used to decrease the adverse effects and increase the effectiveness and antioxidant activities of the drugs. The antioxidant and anticancer effects of quercetin (Q), a nutritive polyphenol, have been observed both in vitro and in vivo. Likewise, the anticancer activity of sulfamethoxazole (S) has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of Q alone and in combination with S. The in vitro effects of S, Q, and S + Q on HCT-116, HepG2, MCF-7, and PC3 cell lines were examined. Additionally, the in vivo effects of these drugs were evaluated using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor-bearing mice. The in vitro data revealed the potent anticancer activity of S + Q through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The EAC-inoculated mice treated with S + Q presented with elevated SOD, GSH, CAT, and TAC levels and decreased malondialdehyde levels compared with the untreated EAC group, thus revealing the antioxidant and protective actions of S + Q against EAC cell invasion. Furthermore, the downregulation of NFkB and upregulation of the caspase3 gene in the EAC-inoculated mice treated with the S + Q indicated the induction of the apoptotic pathway and decrease in both cell proliferation and metastasis. In conclusion, the combination of S and Q might exert anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and exhibiting selective toxicity against the cancer cells and thereby protecting the vital organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Abd Elghany Sahyon
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Elgiesh Street , Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Eman N M Ramadan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Fayez Althobaiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Collage of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M A Mashaly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, 34518, Egypt
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38
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Lamprou I, Kakouratos C, Tsolou A, Pavlidis P, Xanthopoulou ET, Nanos C, Tsaroucha A, Sivridis E, Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI. Lipophagy-related protein perilipin-3 (PLIN3) and resistance of prostate cancer to radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:401-414. [PMID: 35121129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is a principal treatment modality for localized and locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Metabolic alterations, including lipid metabolism, may reduce treatment efficacy resulting in tumor relapse and poor therapeutic outcome. In the current study, we investigated the role of the lipophagy-related protein perilipin-3 (PLIN3) and the lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) in PCa response to radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS We explored the in vitro and xenograft (in NOD.SCID and R2G2 mice) response to radiation of either PLIN3-depleted or LAL-depleted hormone-refractory (DU145, PC3), and hormone-responsive 22Rv1 PCa cell lines. Moreover, we evaluated the clinical role of PLIN3 and LAL protein expression in a series of PCa tissue specimens from patients treated with radical radiotherapy. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo experiments showed reduced proliferation and strong radiosensitization of all studied PCa cell lines upon PLIN3 depletion. In vivo experiments demonstrated the significantly augmented radiotherapy efficacy upon PLIN3 depletion, resulting in extensive tissue necrosis. PLIN3 overexpression in tissue specimens was correlated with increased MIB1 proliferation index, increased autophagy flux, reduced response to radiotherapy and poor prognosis. The impact of LAL depletion on radiotherapy was of lesser importance. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of PLIN3 expression may identify subgroups of PCa patients less responsive to radiotherapy, and at high risk of relapse post irradiation. Whether radiotherapy efficacy may be enhanced by concurrent autophagy or PLIN3 inhibition in this sub-group of patients demands clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Efthimios Sivridis
- Department of Pathology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Shimoda A, Miura R, Tateno H, Seo N, Shiku H, Sawada SI, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Assessment of Surface Glycan Diversity on Extracellular Vesicles by Lectin Microarray and Glycoengineering Strategies for Drug Delivery Applications. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2100785. [PMID: 35174988 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all types of mammalian cells for cell-cell communication. In this study, surface glycans on EVs are compared in terms of their cell type, size, and isolation method to examine whether EV glycan profiles by lectin microarray can be used to define EV subpopulations. Moreover, EVs are glycoengineered with four distinctive surface glycan patterns and evaluated their cellular uptake efficiencies for potential drug delivery applications. Both similarities and differences in glycan patterns are identified on EVs obtained under each experimental condition. EV size- and isolation method-dependent lectin-binding patterns are observed. Moreover, cellular uptake behaviors of EVs are affected by EV glycan profiles and acceptor cells. The in vivo biodistribution of EVs is also dependent on their glycan profile. These results suggest that EV surface glycans are a potential novel indicator of EV heterogeneity, and glycoengineering is a useful approach to regulate cell-EV interactions for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Risako Miura
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Naohiro Seo
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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40
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Lu JF, Zhu MQ, Xie BC, Shi XC, Liu H, Zhang RX, Xia B, Wu JW. Camptothecin effectively treats obesity in mice through GDF15 induction. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001517. [PMID: 35202387 PMCID: PMC8870521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated circulating levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) have been shown to reduce food intake and lower body weight through activation of hindbrain receptor glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) in rodents and nonhuman primates, thus endogenous induction of this peptide holds promise for obesity treatment. Here, through in silico drug-screening methods, we found that small molecule Camptothecin (CPT), a previously identified drug with potential antitumor activity, is a GDF15 inducer. Oral CPT administration increases circulating GDF15 levels in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and genetic ob/ob mice, with elevated Gdf15 expression predominantly in the liver through activation of integrated stress response. In line with GDF15's anorectic effect, CPT suppresses food intake, thereby reducing body weight, blood glucose, and hepatic fat content in obese mice. Conversely, CPT loses these beneficial effects when Gdf15 is inhibited by a neutralizing antibody or AAV8-mediated liver-specific knockdown. Similarly, CPT failed to reduce food intake and body weight in GDF15's specific receptor GFRAL-deficient mice despite high levels of GDF15. Together, these results indicate that CPT is a promising anti-obesity agent through activation of GDF15-GFRAL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao Cai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Chen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Zdrowowicz M, Spisz P, Hać A, Herman-Antosiewicz A, Rak J. Influence of Hypoxia on Radiosensitization of Cancer Cells by 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031429. [PMID: 35163354 PMCID: PMC8836255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a crucial cancer treatment, but its outcome is still far from satisfactory. One of the reasons that cancer cells show resistance to ionizing radiation is hypoxia, defined as a low level of oxygenation, which is typical for solid tumors. In the hypoxic environment, cancer cells are 2–3 times more resistant to ionizing radiation than normoxic cells. To overcome this important impediment, radiosensitizers should be introduced to cancer therapy. When modified with an electrophilic substituent, nucleosides may undergo efficient dissociative electron attachment (DEA) that leaves behind nucleoside radicals, which, in secondary reactions, are able to induce DNA damage, leading to cancer cell death. We report the radiosensitizing effect of one of the best-known DEA-type radiosensitizers—5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)—on breast (MCF-7) and prostate (PC3) cancer cells under both normoxia and hypoxia. MCF-7 and PC3 cells were treated with BrdU to investigate the effect of hypoxia on cell proliferation, incorporation into DNA and radiosensitivity. While the oxygen concentration did not significantly affect the efficiency of BrdU incorporation into DNA or the proliferation of tumor cells, the radiosensitizing effect of BrdU on hypoxic cells was more evident than on normoxic cells. Further mechanistic studies performed with the use of flow cytometry showed that under hypoxia, BrdU increased the level of histone H2A.X phosphorylation after X-ray exposure to a greater extent than under normal oxygenation conditions. These results confirm that the formation of double-strand breaks in hypoxic BrdU-treated cancer cells is more efficient. In addition, by performing stationary radiolysis of BrdU solution in the presence of an ●OH radical scavenger, we compared the degree of its electron-induced degradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It was determined that radiodegradation under anaerobic conditions was almost twice as high as that under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zdrowowicz
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Paulina Spisz
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Hać
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.-A.)
| | - Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.-A.)
| | - Janusz Rak
- Laboratory of Biological Sensitizers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.Z.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-523-51-18
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Abstract
Sp1 transcription factor regulates genes involved in various phenomena of tumor progression. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the alternative neovascularization by aggressive tumor cells. However, there is no evidence of the relationship between Sp1 and VM. This study investigated whether and how Sp1 plays a crucial role in the process of VM in human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines, PC-3 and DU145. A cell viability assay and three-dimensional culture VM tube formation assay were performed. Protein and mRNA expression levels were detected by Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The nuclear twist expression was observed by immunofluorescence assay. A co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed. Mithramycin A (MiA) and Sp1 siRNA significantly decreased serum-induced VM, whereas Sp1 overexpression caused a significant induction of VM. Serum-upregulated vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) protein and mRNA expression levels were decreased after MiA treatment or Sp1 silencing. The protein expression and the nuclear localization of twist were increased by serum, which was effectively inhibited after MiA treatment or Sp1 silencing. The interaction between Sp1 and twist was reduced by MiA. On the contrary, Sp1 overexpression enhanced VE-cadherin and twist expressions. Serum phosphorylated AKT and raised matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and laminin subunit 5 gamma-2 (LAMC2) expressions. MiA or Sp1 silencing impaired these effects. However, Sp1 overexpression upregulated phosphor-AKT, MMP-2 and LAMC2 expressions. Serum-upregulated Sp1 was significantly reduced by an AKT inhibitor, wortmannin. These results demonstrate that Sp1 mediates VM formation through interacting with the twist/VE-cadherin/AKT pathway in human PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Soo Han
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Eun-Ok Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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43
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Zhu W, Sheng D, Shao Y, Zhang Q, Peng Y. STAT3-regulated LncRNA LINC00160 mediates cell proliferation and cell metabolism of prostate cancer cells by repressing RCAN1 expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:865-875. [PMID: 35067783 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) LINC00160 was reported to be associated with cancer progression and mediates drug resistance. However, the role of LINC00160 in prostate cancer remains unclear. The study sought to study the function of LINC00160 in prostate cancer. Moreover, the potential mechanism was investigated. Silence of LINC00160 inhibited proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells, retarded the glycolysis of prostate cancer cells. By acting as a transcription activator, STAT3 induced LINC00160 expression, which regulated RCAN1 transcription epigenetically via binding to EZH2. Mechanically, LINC00160 mediated prostate cell proliferation and metabolism by repressing RCAN1 expression. In summary, LINC00160 may function as the novel marker for prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhu
- Department of Urology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Dongya Sheng
- Department of Urology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yiqun Shao
- Department of Urology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Urology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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Wróbel TM, Rogova O, Sharma K, Rojas Velazquez MN, Pandey AV, Jørgensen FS, Arendrup FS, Andersen KL, Björkling F. Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships of Novel Non-Steroidal CYP17A1 Inhibitors as Potential Prostate Cancer Agents. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020165. [PMID: 35204665 PMCID: PMC8961587 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty new compounds, targeting CYP17A1, were synthesized, based on our previous work on a benzimidazole scaffold, and their biological activity evaluated. Inhibition of CYP17A1 is an important modality in the treatment of prostate cancer, which remains the most abundant cancer type in men. The biological assessment included CYP17A1 hydroxylase and lyase inhibition, CYP3A4 and P450 oxidoreductase (POR) inhibition, as well as antiproliferative activity in PC3 prostate cancer cells. The most potent compounds were selected for further analyses including in silico modeling. This combined effort resulted in a compound (comp 2, IC50 1.2 µM, in CYP17A1) with a potency comparable to abiraterone and selectivity towards the other targets tested. In addition, the data provided an understanding of the structure–activity relationship of this novel non-steroidal compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Wróbel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (O.R.); (F.S.J.); (F.B.)
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-814487273
| | - Oksana Rogova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (O.R.); (F.S.J.); (F.B.)
| | - Katyayani Sharma
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (K.S.); (M.N.R.V.); (A.V.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Natalia Rojas Velazquez
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (K.S.); (M.N.R.V.); (A.V.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amit V. Pandey
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (K.S.); (M.N.R.V.); (A.V.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Flemming Steen Jørgensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (O.R.); (F.S.J.); (F.B.)
| | - Frederic S. Arendrup
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (F.S.A.); (K.L.A.)
| | - Kasper L. Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (F.S.A.); (K.L.A.)
| | - Fredrik Björkling
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (O.R.); (F.S.J.); (F.B.)
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Safwan S, Wang SW, Hsiao G, Hsiao SW, Hsu SJ, Lee TH, Lee CK. New Trichothecenes Isolated from the Marine Algicolous Fungus Trichoderma brevicompactum. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020080. [PMID: 35200610 PMCID: PMC8875558 DOI: 10.3390/md20020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight trichothecenes, including four new compounds 1–4 and four known entities 5–8, together with one known cyclonerane (9) were isolated from the solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma brevicompactum NTU439 isolated from the marine alga Mastophora rosea. The structures of 1–9 were determined by 1D/2D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), MS (mass spectrometry), and IR (infrared spectroscopy) spectroscopic data. All of the compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against HCT-116, PC-3, and SK-Hep-1 cancer cells by the SRB assay, and compound 8 showed promising cytotoxic activity against all three cancer cell lines with the IC50 values of 3.3 ± 0.3, 5.3 ± 0.3, and 1.8 ± 0.8 μM, respectively. Compounds 1–2, 4–6, and 7–8 potently inhibited LPS-induced NO production, and compounds 5 and 8 showed markedly inhibited gelatinolysis of MMP-9 in S1 protein-stimulated THP-1 monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwan Safwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram 83127, Indonesia
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Wen Hsiao
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Su-Jung Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-H.L.); (C.-K.L.); Tel.: +886-2-33661828 (T.-H.L.); +886-2-27361661 (C.-K.L.)
| | - Ching-Kuo Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (T.-H.L.); (C.-K.L.); Tel.: +886-2-33661828 (T.-H.L.); +886-2-27361661 (C.-K.L.)
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Sommer U, Siciliano T, Ebersbach C, Beier AMK, Stope MB, Jöhrens K, Baretton GB, Borkowetz A, Thomas C, Erb HHH. Impact of Androgen Receptor Activity on Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031046. [PMID: 35162969 PMCID: PMC8835452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an essential molecular regulator of prostate cancer (PCa) progression coded by the FOLH1 gene. The PSMA protein has become an important factor in metastatic PCa diagnosis and radioligand therapy. However, low PSMA expression is suggested to be a resistance mechanism to PSMA-based imaging and therapy. Clinical studies revealed that androgen receptor (AR) inhibition increases PSMA expression. The mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of activation and inhibition of androgen signaling on PSMA expression levels in vitro and compared these findings with PSMA levels in PCa patients receiving systemic therapy. To this end, LAPC4, LNCaP, and C4-2 PCa cells were treated with various concentrations of the synthetic androgen R1881 and antiandrogens. Changes in FOLH1 mRNA were determined using qPCR. Open access databases were used for ChIP-Seq and tissue expression analysis. Changes in PSMA protein were determined using western blot. For PSMA staining in patients’ specimens, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed. Results revealed that treatment with the synthetic androgen R1881 led to decreased FOLH1 mRNA and PSMA protein. This effect was partially reversed by antiandrogen treatment. However, AR ChIP-Seq analysis revealed no canonical AR binding sites in the regulatory elements of the FOLH1 gene. IHC analysis indicated that androgen deprivation only resulted in increased PSMA expression in patients with low PSMA levels. The data demonstrate that AR activation and inhibition affects PSMA protein levels via a possible non-canonical mechanism. Moreover, analysis of PCa tissue reveals that low PSMA expression rates may be mandatory to increase PSMA by androgen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (U.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.)
| | - Tiziana Siciliano
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Celina Ebersbach
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (A.B.); (C.T.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alicia-Marie K. Beier
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (A.B.); (C.T.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Stope
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- UroFors Consortium (Natural Scientists in Urological Research), German Society of Urology, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (U.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.)
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (U.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angelika Borkowetz
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Christian Thomas
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (A.B.); (C.T.)
| | - Holger H. H. Erb
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (A.B.); (C.T.)
- UroFors Consortium (Natural Scientists in Urological Research), German Society of Urology, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Schröder SK, Pinoé-Schmidt M, Weiskirchen R. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) Deficiency Leads to Cellular Changes in Highly Metastatic Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line PC-3. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020260. [PMID: 35053376 PMCID: PMC8773519 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transporter protein lipocalin-2 (LCN2) also termed neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has pleiotropic effects in tumorigenesis in various cancers. Since the precise role of LCN2 in prostate cancer (PCa) is poorly understood, we aimed to elucidate its functions in PCa in vitro. For this purpose, LCN2 was transiently suppressed or permanently depleted in human PC-3 cells using siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout. Effects of LCN2 suppression on expression of different tumorigenic markers were investigated by Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. LCN2 knockout cells were analyzed for cellular changes and their ability to cope endoplasmic stress compared to parenteral PC-3 cells. Reduced LCN2 was accompanied by decreased expression of IL-1β and Cx43. In PC-3 cells, LCN2 deficiency leads to reduced proliferation, diminished expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, lower adhesion, and disrupted F-actin distribution. In addition, IL-1β expression strongly correlated with LCN2 levels. LCN2 knockout cells showed enhanced and sustained activation of unfolded protein response proteins when treated with tunicamycin or cultured under glucose deprivation. Interestingly, an inverse correlation between phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α subunit (p-eIF2α) and LCN2 expression was observed suggesting that LCN2 triggers protein synthesis under stress conditions. The finding that LCN2 depletion leads to significant phenotypic and cellular changes in PC-3 cells adds LCN2 as a valuable target for the treatment of PCa.
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Yao J, Shen Q, Huang M, Ding M, Guo Y, Chen W, Lin Y, Zheng Y, Yu S, Yan W, Su T, Liu Z, Lu L. Screening tumor specificity targeted by arnicolide D, the active compound of Centipeda minima and molecular mechanism underlying by integrative pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 282:114583. [PMID: 34487850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herb-derived anti-tumor agents, such as paclitaxel and vincristine, exert significant but varied effectivenesses towards different cancer types. Similarly, Centipeda minima (CM) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat rhinitis, relieve pain and reduce swelling, and recently found to exert overwhelming anti-tumor effects against breast cancer, colon cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma with different response rates. However, what is the optimizing cancer model that benefits most from CM, and what is the specific target underlying still require more exclusive and profound investigations. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the dominant tumor model and specific target of CM by integrative pharmacology and biological experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The most predominant and specific cancer types that are sensitive to CM were screened and identified based on a combination network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis. Compound-target network and protein-protein interaction of CM-related cancer targets were carried out to determine the most abundant active compound. Simultaneously, the priority target responsible for CM-related anti-tumor efficacy was further validated by molecular docking and in vitro experiments. RESULTS In total, approximately 42% (8/19) of the targets were enriched in prostate cancer (p = 1.25E-09), suggesting prostate cancer would be the most sensitive tumor response to CM-related efficacy. Furthermore, we found that arnicolide D (ARD), the most abundant and representative active compound of CM, could directly bind to Src with binding energy of -7.3 kcal/mol, implying Src would be the priority target responsible for CM-related anti-tumor efficacy. Meanwhile, the results were further validated by solvent-induced protein precipitation (SIP) assay. In addition, PCR and WB results also revealed that either CM or ARD could not influence the gene expression of Src, while significantly decreased its protein expression instead, which further suggested that ARD might markedly shortene the Src protein half-life to promote Src protein degradation, thereby achieving significant anti-prostate cancer efficacy. CONCLUSION Our findings not only suggest CM as a promising Src-targeting candidate for prostate cancer treatment, but also bring up a strategy for understanding the personalization of herbal medicines by using integrative pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qinghong Shen
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Min Huang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yajuan Guo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yuefang Lin
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yaqiu Zheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Shaofang Yu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Tao Su
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China.
| | - Linlin Lu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China.
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Nong S, Wang Z, Wei Z, Ma L, Guan Y, Ni J. HN1L promotes stem cell-like properties by regulating TGF-β signaling pathway through targeting FOXP2 in prostate cancer. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:83-95. [PMID: 34519127 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated hematological and neurological expressed 1-like (HN1L) has been implicated in carcinogenesis of difference cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer. However, the role of HN1L in the progression of prostate cancer (PCA) remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of HN1L in stemness and progression of PCA. The expression of HN1L in PCA tissues and cells was determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, and/or immunohistochemistry (IHC). CD133+ cells were sorted from PCA cells using magnetic fluorescence cell sorting technology and were considered as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Sphere formation assays, transwell assays, and animal experiments were conducted to assess cell stemness, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumorigenesis, respectively. The results showed that HN1L expression was higher in PCA tissues and cells as compared with normal tissues and cells, as well as in CD133+ cells as compared with CD133- cells. HN1L knockdown significantly decreased the expression levels of CSC markers including OCT4 (POU class 5 homeobox 1), CD44, and SRY-box transcription factor 2, inhibited cell migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis and decreased the number of tumor spheroids and CD133+ cell population. Furthermore, we found that HN1L could bind to forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) and positively regulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression via upregulation of FOXP2. In addition, the overexpression of TGF-β in HN1L-knockdown PCA cells increased the number of tumor spheroids and CD133+ cell population, as well as enhanced cell migration and invasion. Collectively, this study demonstrates that HN1L promotes stem cell-like properties and cancer progression by targeting FOXP2 through TGF-β signaling pathway in PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Nong
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongqing Wei
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Limin Ma
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yangbo Guan
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ikeuchi W, Wakita Y, Zhang G, Li C, Itakura K, Yamakawa T. AT-rich interaction domain 5A regulates the transcription of interleukin-6 gene in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2022; 82:97-106. [PMID: 34633095 PMCID: PMC8665135 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that confers androgen-independence and aggressiveness in prostate cancer (PCa); however, the molecular mechanisms regulating IL-6 expression remain unclear. The expression of ARID5A, an AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) DNA-binding motif-containing transcription factor is positively correlated with IL-6 expression in human PCa. We, therefore, hypothesized that ARID5A could regulate IL-6 expression in PCa. METHODS The relationship between ARID5A and IL-6 in PCa patients was analyzed using statistical analyses of multiple clinical microarray data sets. To investigate whether ARID5A regulates IL-6 expression, CRISPR-driven ARID5A knockout clones were established in DU145 and PC-3 cells. RESULTS Analysis of three microarray data sets showed a positive correlation between ARID5A and IL-6 expression. The expression of IL-6 in ARID5A knockout clones was significantly reduced compared with control clones in both PCa cell lines. Knockout of ARID5A did not result in any loss of IL-6 mRNA stability. Instead, we observed a significant decrease in the occupancy of both active RNA Polymerase II and the active histone mark, H3K4me3 at the IL-6 transcriptional start site in ARID5A knockout PCa cells, suggesting a role for transcriptional regulation. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that loss of ARID5A downregulates the expression of IL-6 at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yuriko Wakita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Keiichi Itakura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Takahiro Yamakawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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