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Da Silva VC, Guerra GCB, Araújo DFDS, De Araújo ER, De Araújo AA, Dantas-Medeiros R, Zanatta AC, Da Silva ILG, De Araújo Júnior RF, Esposito D, Moncada M, Zucolotto SM. Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of phenolic-rich extract of Commiphora leptophloeos against inflammatory bowel disease: Preclinical evidence. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 328:118025. [PMID: 38458342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B. Gillet (Burseraceae) is a medicinal plant native to Brazil, popularly known as "imburana". Homemade leaf decoction and maceration were used to treat general inflammatory problems in the Brazilian Northeast population. Our previous research confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of the C. leptophloeos hydroalcoholic leaf extract. AIM OF THE STUDY Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gut with no ideal treatment to maintain the remissive status. This work aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition and physicochemical properties of the C. leptophloeos hydroalcoholic leaf extract and its efficacy in chemopreventive and immunomodulatory responses in inflammatory bowel disease in non-clinical models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mass spectrometry and physicochemical tests determined the phytochemical profile and physicochemical characteristics of the Commiphora leptophloeos (CL) extract. The chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of CL extract (50 and 125 μg/mL) were evaluated in vitro in the RAW 264.7 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cell assay and in vivo in the model of intestinal inflammation induced by 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS) in mice when they were treated with CL extract by intragastric gavage (i.g.) at doses of 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg. RESULTS Phytochemical annotation of CL extract showed a complex phenolic composition, characterized as phenolic acids and flavonoids, and satisfactory physicochemical characteristics. In addition, CL extract maintained the viability of RAW macrophages, reduced ROS and NO production, and negatively regulated COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 (p < 0.05). In the intestinal inflammation model, CL extract was able to downregulate NF-κB p65/COX-2, mTOR, iNOS, IL-17, decrease levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase and cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on these findings, CL extract reduced inflammatory responses by down-regulating pro-inflammatory markers in macrophages induced by LPS and DNBS-induced colitis in mice through NF-κB p65/COX-2 signaling. CL leaf extract requires further investigation as a candidate for treating inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Costa Da Silva
- Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Edilane Rodrigues De Araújo
- Health Sciences Center, Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | | | - Renato Dantas-Medeiros
- Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Ana Caroline Zanatta
- Research Center for Natural and Synthetic Products, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Isadora Luisa Gomes Da Silva
- Biosciences Center, Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | | | - Debora Esposito
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Marvin Moncada
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA; Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Lu Y, Wu Z, Du Z, Lin X, Tian E, Zhang F, Chao Z. The anti-urolithiasis activity and safety of strangury-relieving herbs: A comparative study based on fruit fly kidney stone model. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 326:117968. [PMID: 38428655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Urolithiasis is one of the oldest and most widespread urological diseases suffered globally. In the long history of Traditional Chinese Medicine, there're numerous herbs documented with strangury-relieving properties playing crucial roles in treating various urological disorders, including dysuria, hematuria, and renal colic, etc., which may be caused by urolithiasis. Exploring these herbs may reveal safer, more effective, and cost-efficient drugs and therapies for urolithiasis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to assess the anti-urolithiasis efficacy and safety of 46 Chinese traditional and folk herbal drugs using the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) kidney stone model, in order to identify the most valuable ethnomedicinal materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water extract and 50% ethanol extract of each herb were prepared respectively. 0.2% (w/w) sodium oxalate was chosen as appropriate lithogenic agent through fruit fly life span study. Male fruit-flies within three days of emergence were aged for an additional three days, then were randomly divided into experimental groups, model group and control groups (n = 20). The flies in blank control group, model group and positive control group were fed with standard food, standard food containing 0.2% sodium oxalate, standard food containing 0.2% sodium oxalate and 3% (w/w) Garcinia cambogia extract, respectively. Meanwhile, flies in the experimental groups were raised on standard food containing 0.2% sodium oxalate and 3% (w/w) herbal extract. The anti-urolithiasis capability of the extracts was evaluated using stone area ratio (the stone area divided by the area of the Malpighian tubule) and stone-clearing rate. Additionally, the 7-day mortality rate was employed as an indicator of safety. RESULTS Out of the 46 herbs, 24 exhibited significant anti-urolithiasis effects in their water extracts. Among them, Herba Nephrolepidis, Herba Humuli, Herba Desmodii Styracifolii, Cortex Plumeriae Rubrae, and Herba Mimosae Pudicae showed us a low 7-day mortality rate of fruit-flies as well. However, only a limited number of herbal extracts (8 out of 46) showed obvious anti-urolithiasis activity in their 50% ethanol extracts. CONCLUSION Highly potential anti-urolithiasis candidates were discovered from strangury-relieving herbs recorded in classical Traditional Chinese Medicine works, highlighting the significant value of traditional and folk ethnopharmacological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Faculty of Medicinal Plant and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zeliang Wu
- Faculty of Medicinal Plant and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhengxi Du
- Faculty of Medicinal Plant and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaozhu Lin
- Faculty of Medicinal Plant and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Enwei Tian
- Faculty of Medicinal Plant and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fujian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, 510515, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhi Chao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Faculty of Medicinal Plant and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Mehta N, Ahuja R, Bhari N, Verma K. A comparison of parthenium 15% in Indian Standard Series versus acetone extract 2% of parthenium plant in diagnosing contact allergy to parthenium. Contact Dermatitis 2024; 90:538-540. [PMID: 38316109 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mehta
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rhea Ahuja
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Bhari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaushal Verma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Dawood HM, Barghouth NM, El-Mezayen NS, Ibrahim RS, Shawky E. Metabolomic insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of costus (Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.) root extract in propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism rat model. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 324:117784. [PMID: 38253277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipschitz. is one of the most reputed medicinal plants as a traditional medicine in the Arab and Middle East regions in the treatment of thyroid disorders, however, more investigations are needed to fully understand its effectiveness and mechanism of action. AIM OF THE STUDY The primary objective of the study was to assess the impact of Saussurea costus (COST) on the metabolic profiles of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism in rats. This involves a comprehensive examination of serum metabolites using UPLC/QqQ-MS analysis aiming to identify differential metabolites, elucidate underlying mechanisms, and evaluate the potential pharmacological effect of COST in restoring metabolic homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypothyroidism was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats by oral administration of propylthiouracil (PTU). UPLC/QqQ MS analysis of serum samples from normal, PTU, and PTU + COST rats was utilized for annotation of intrinsic metabolites with the aid of online Human metabolome database (HMDB) and extensive literature surfing. Multivariate statistical analyses, including orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), discerned variations between the different groups. Serum levels of T3, T4 and TSH in addition to arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in thyroid gland tissues; Phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in liver tissues were assessed by specific ELISA kits. Gene expression for key proteins of the primary evolved pathwayswere quantified by one-step qRT-PCR technique. Histopathological evaluation of thyroid gland tissue was performed by an investigator blinded to the experimental group using light microscope. RESULTS Distinct clustering in multivariate statistical analysis models indicated significant variations in serum chemical profiles among normal, disease, and treated groups. VIP values guided the selection of differential metabolites, revealing significant changes in metabolite concentrations. Subsequent to COST treatment, 43 differential intrinsic metabolites exhibited a notable tendency to revert towards normal levels. Annotated metabolites, such as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), L-acetylcarnitine, gamma-glutamylserine, and others, showed differential regulation in response to PTU and subsequent S. costus treatment. Notably, 21 metabolites were associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) biosynthesis, arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism exhibited significant changes on conducting metabolic pathway analysis. CONCLUSIONS COST improves PTU-induced hypothyroidism by regulating biosynthesis of PUFAs signified by n-3/n-6, ARA and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The study provides us a novel mechanism to explain the improvement of hypothyroidism and associated dyslipidemia by COST, depicts a metabolic profile of hypothyroidism, and gives us another point cut for further exploring the biomarkers and pathogenesis of hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend M Dawood
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Neveen M Barghouth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Nesrine S El-Mezayen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reham S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Eman Shawky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
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Sousa AKD, Brito MVD, Prudêncio RDS, Sousa SG, Carvalho ADS, Silva TMLD, Almeida VPAD, Sousa JJDS, Gomes PRC, Marques RDA, Brito TVD, Vasconcelos DFP, Junior EBDN, Oliveira MDCFD, Magalhães DDA, Barbosa ALDR. The annonalide diterpene extracted from Casimirella ampla (Miers) reduces inflammatory and antinociceptive events in general models of inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 324:117707. [PMID: 38232858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants of the genus Casimirella ampla (Miers) (C. ampla) are extensively used in folk medicine. For a long time, rural communities have been using extracts from its roots for food and therapeutic purposes. The extract is rich in diterpenoid annonalide (Annona), which has antiophidic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. Inflammation is the body's primary defense mechanism against cell damage and invasion by pathogens, which can trigger acute and chronic inflammatory processes. The first line of treatment for this condition consists of the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but these have numerous associated collateral damages, based on scientific knowledge about diterpenoids from C. ampla, as well as their already reported antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. AIMS OF THE STUDY Evaluate the effect of Annona in classic models of inflammation and pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were pretreated with Annona (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/kg), or Tween 80 (2%), or indomethacin (Indo) (10 mg/kg) orally in the paw edema tests induced by carrageenan (Cg), serotonin (5-HT), histamine, bradykinin, 48/80 and, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), evaluating microscopic lesion scores, migration of leukocytes to the peritoneal cavity, concentration of myeloperoxide (MPO), malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), abdominal contortion test by acetic acid and formalin test. RESULTS Treatment with Annona compound at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg was more effective in reducing inflammatory, oxidant and nociceptive parameters, as it reduced paw edema induced by carrageenan, through different mediators and migration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, it worked by reducing the concentration of MPO, MDA, preserving GSH levels and reducing nociception caused by formalin and acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Kleiton de Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC) Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Maria Vieira de Brito
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Silva Prudêncio
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC) Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Stefany Guimarães Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - André Dos Santos Carvalho
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Tino Marcos Lino da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC) Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | | | - João Janilson da Silva Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Carneiro Gomes
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBIOTEC) Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Laboratory of Analysis and Histological Processing (LAPHIS), Department of Biomedicine - Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Araújo Marques
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Tarcisio Vieira de Brito
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Diva de Aguiar Magalhães
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Dos Reis Barbosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Parnaiba Delta Federal University, (UFDPar), Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
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He X, Liu D, Ni S, Li Z, Li S, Wu T, Dong X, Zhang X, Tang Y, Ling Y, Liao H, Kang J, Li Y, Wu H, Luo J, Wan X, Zhang D, Lu L, Long W, Yang Z. Efficacy and safety evaluation of Ginkgo biloba dropping pill (GBDP) on stable angina pectoris complicated with depression: A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. Phytomedicine 2024; 126:155264. [PMID: 38430820 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stable angina pectoris (SAP) is a clinical condition characterized by reversible and temporary myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. A majority of SAP patients also experience depressive disorders, which adversely affect their disease prognosis and overall quality of life. However, the clinical utility of existing antidepressants is constrained by their side effects. Ginkgo biloba dropping pill (GBDP), a Chinese patented medication, has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of both coronary heart disease and mental disorders. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of GBDP as an adjuvant therapy for SAP complicated by depression. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either GBDP or a placebo (5 pills, three times a day) in addition to standard therapy for a duration of 12 weeks. The Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) was administered every 4 weeks during the treatment, and angina event frequency was assessed weekly. The 36-item Short-Form (SF-36) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores were measured both before and after the treatment. RESULTS Out of the 72 patients, 68 (n = 34 per group) completed the entire study. At the first visit (4 weeks ± 3 days), the SAQ-Angina Stability score in the GBDP group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group (p < 0.05). While the average weekly frequency of angina episodes in the placebo group notably increased after 12 weeks of treatment (p < 0.05), it displayed an improving trend in the GBDP group (p > 0.05). By the endpoint, each subcategory score of SF-36 in the GBDP group exhibited significant improvement compared to baseline (p < 0.05). The comparison of score improvement between the two groups revealed that the SF-PCS score of the GBDP group was higher than that of the placebo group (p < 0.05). HAMD scores in both groups significantly increased after treatment (p < 0.05). No discernible difference in the incidence of adverse reactions was observed between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In patients with SAP complicated by depression, GBDP, when combined with standard treatment, rapidly and safely alleviates angina pectoris symptoms. It demonstrates therapeutic potential in enhancing the quality of life and alleviating depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingling He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shihao Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Ziru Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Sijing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Tingchun Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Xiaoming Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yaqin Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yan Ling
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Huili Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jinhua Kang
- Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - Yue Li
- Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518067, China
| | - Xianming Wan
- Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518067, China
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Wenjie Long
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Zhongqi Yang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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Mendoza-Madrigal R, González-Trujano ME, Onofre-Campos D, Moreno-Pérez GF, Castellanos-Mijangos JG, Martínez-Vargas D. Electroencephalographic profile of Salvia amarissima Ortega and amarisolide A in the absence and presence of PTZ-induced seizures in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116352. [PMID: 38417289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Salvia amarissima Ortega is a plant used in traditional medicine to treat CNS's affections. Despite its depressant properties in anxiety and fibromyalgia, there is no scientific evidence about its capability to control seizure activity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the S. amarissima aqueous extract (SAAE) and its metabolite amarisolide A (AMA) on the electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity. The ECoG profiles were previously and concurrently analyzed to the pentylenetetrazole (85 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced seizure behavior after thirty min of the administration of several doses of the SAAE (1, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) and two doses of AMA (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.). A dosage of AMA (1 mg/kg,i.p.) was selected to explore a possible mechanism of action by using antagonists of inhibitory receptors such as GABAA (picrotoxin, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) or 5-HT1A of serotonin (WAY100635, 1 mg/kg, i.p.). Significant changes in the frequency bands and the spectral power were observed after the treatment alone. Additionally, SAAE and AMA produced significant and dose-dependent anticonvulsant effects by reducing the incidence and severity of seizures and increasing latency or survival. Both antagonists prevented the effects of AMA in the severity score of seizures and survival during the tonic-clonic seizures. In conclusion, our preclinical data support that S. amarissima possesses anticonvulsant properties, in part due to the presence of amarisolide A, mediated by different inhibitory mechanisms of action. Our scientific evidence suggests that this Salvia species and amarisolide A are potential neuroprotective alternatives to control seizures in epilepsy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Mendoza-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección deInvestigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de laFuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección deInvestigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de laFuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, 4360, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección deInvestigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de laFuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico.
| | - Daniela Onofre-Campos
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección deInvestigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de laFuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección deInvestigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de laFuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Fernando Moreno-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección deInvestigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de laFuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
| | - Jazmin Guadalupe Castellanos-Mijangos
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección deInvestigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de laFuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección deInvestigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de laFuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Rafael Matos Escobedo, Mérida, Yucatán, 97160, Mexico
| | - David Martínez-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Control y la Regulación, Dirección deInvestigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de laFuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico.
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Wise LD, DeSesso JM. Comments on "Maternal-fetal safety evaluation of an aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris [AECS] leaves in rats" (Nagaoka et al., 2023 [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2257]). Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2326. [PMID: 38520210 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L David Wise
- Independent Teratologist, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Scipione C, Scipione V, Dugall M, Hu S, Feragalli B, Cotellese R. Xerostomia and prevention of dryness with a Pycnogenol® mouth spray: a pilot study. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2024; 70:36-41. [PMID: 37162467 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this pilot, supplement study was the evaluation of primary, idiopathic mucosal mouth dryness (xerostomia or dry mouth) in subjects without systemic diseases. METHODS Subjects with xerostomia were managed either with standard management (SM) or with SM and a Pycnogenol® mouth spray (Hankintatukku Oy, Karkkila, Finland), at the dosage of 60 mg/day in 30 spurts, for 2 weeks. RESULTS A total of 50 subjects were included in the study: 25 controls using only standard management (SM) and 25 subjects using the Pycnogenol® mouth spray. No side effects and no tolerability problems were observed with the Pycnogenol® mouth spray. The groups were comparable for characteristics and symptoms at baseline. These otherwise healthy subjects had a BMI<26. After 2 weeks, salivary flow and salivary oxidative stress (in Carr Units) were improved significantly with Pycnogenol® mouth spray as compared to controls (P<0.05), whereas minimal improvements in salivary flow were seen with SM. The subjective symptomatic dry mouth score and the number of mucosal breaks and ulcerations (all minimal, <1 mm in length or diameter) were significantly decreased with the Pycnogenol® mouth spray supplement compared to SM controls (P<0.05). The Pycnogenol® mouth spray led to significant improvement in salivary lysozyme levels, compared to controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on these preliminary results, Pycnogenol® mouth spray could be a new supplementary option for the management of primary xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Cesarone
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, and International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements (IA-PSS), Pescara, Italy
| | - Gianni Belcaro
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, and International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements (IA-PSS), Pescara, Italy -
| | - Claudia Scipione
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, and International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements (IA-PSS), Pescara, Italy
| | - Valeria Scipione
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, and International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements (IA-PSS), Pescara, Italy
| | - Mark Dugall
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, and International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements (IA-PSS), Pescara, Italy
| | - Shu Hu
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project, and International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements (IA-PSS), Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Cotellese
- DSMO-Biotec, Pescara, Italy
- School of General Surgery, Department of Outpatients Vascular Surgery, Chieti-Pescara University, Pescara, Italy
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Shareef SM, Khaleel RA, Maryoosh TM. Nephroprotective effect of cranberry ( Vaccinium oxycoccos) in streptozocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in mice. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2024; 39:35-45. [PMID: 38469711 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2023-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic nephropathy is a chief reason of mortality particularly in individuals with renal dysfunction. The current research was aimed to assess the nephroprotective portion of Vaccinium oxycoccos toward mice diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin (STZ). V. oxycoccos was purchased and used for hydroalcoholic extraction. METHODS Sixty male mice were subjected to STZ-intraperitoneal injection (45 mg/kg). After diabetes induction, mice were divided into five groups of diabetic control (received only STZ), non-diabetic control (received only citrate buffer), two V. oxycoccos treatment (received V. oxycoccos extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) oral daily by gavage), and metformin treatment (received metformin (500 mg/kg) oral daily by gavage). Glucose and weight of mice were checked weekly. RESULTS After 28 days, the effect of V. oxycoccos extract on serum and urine parameters were assessed. STZ caused significant decreased in the mice body weight. Mice treated with the V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) harbored the lowest weight loss at day 28 (70.2±1.38 g). STZ caused significant increase in the mice FBS. Mice treated with the V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) harbored the lowest FBS at day 28 (189.2±1.20 mg/dL). Treatment of mice with V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) caused the lowest increase in the levels of cholesterol, HbA1c and triglycerides compared to the diabetic control mice. Compared to the diabetic control group, mice treated with V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) had the highest HDL, insulin, SOD, and GSH (p<0.05). The lowest serum BUN, CR, and UR were found in mice treated with V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg). Anti-inflammatory effects of V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg) was shown by the lowest TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β1 concentration in mice treated with V. oxycoccos (400 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS The current study disclosed that treatment with V. oxycoccos resulted in substantial development in the serum and urine parameters and also antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response of STZ-induced diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saja Majeed Shareef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Collage of Pharmacy, 554706 Al-Esraa University , Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Taif M Maryoosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Kut University Collage, Wasit, Iraq
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Ly HT, Pham KD, Le PH, Do THT, Nguyen TTH, Le VM. Pharmacological properties of Ensete glaucum seed extract: Novel insights for antidiabetic effects via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and MAPK signaling pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 320:117427. [PMID: 37992883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHAMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants are increasingly making important contributions to diabetic treatment. Ensete glaucum seeds have been widely used in folk medicine to treat diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY The study was aimed to investigate the protective effect and active mechanisms of E. glaucum seed extract (EGSE) against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hyperglycemic mice were treated with EGSE (25 and 50 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) once daily for 7 d. The effects of these treatments on changes in blood biochemical parameters, pancreatic, liver, and kidney histopathology, oxidative stress and inflammatory marker levels in pancreatic, hepatic, and renal tissues were assessed. Expression of several proteins in MAPK signaling pathway related to apoptosis in pancreatic tissue were investigated. Furthermore, ex vivo, in vitro, and in silico biological activities of EGSE and its compounds were also examined. RESULTS EGSE and glibenclamide increased notably insulin, reduced significantly glucose, AST, ALT, BUN and creatinine levels in blood. Pancreatic islets, hepatic and renal tissue structure were restored by EGSE or glibenclamide. EGSE showed significant anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects by enhancing GSH level and dropping MDA, NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in these tissues. Particularly, EGSE exhibited pancreatic protective effect against STZ-induced apoptosis through the MAPK signaling pathway by down-regulation of p-p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK1, p-AMPK, Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, cytochrome c, cleaved-caspase 3 and PARP expression, and slight up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, EGSE inhibited intestinal glucose absorption, PTP1B, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase activities. Its isolated compounds (Afzelechin and coniferaldehyde) showed PTP1B and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and potent structure-activity relationships. CONCLUSION These findings indicated the hypoglycemic and protective effects of E. glaucum seed extract against the STZ diabetogenic action. E. glaucum seed is a potential candidate for further studies to confirm its activities as a therapeutic agent for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Trieu Ly
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials (NIMM), Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam; Research Center of Ginseng and Medicinal Materials (CGMM), National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Khuong Duy Pham
- Research Center of Ginseng and Medicinal Materials (CGMM), National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Phung Hien Le
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Thi Hong Tuoi Do
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Thi Thu Huong Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hong Bang International University (HIU), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Van Minh Le
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials (NIMM), Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam; Research Center of Ginseng and Medicinal Materials (CGMM), National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam.
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Sharma VK, Prateeksha P, Singh SP, Rao CV, Singh BN. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis bioactive extract ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation through the inhibition of NF-κB signalling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 320:117382. [PMID: 37925001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. is a mythical plant used in traditional Indian medicinal systems for the treatment of inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, and pain-related responses. However, its bioactive compounds and underlying mechanism of action have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This investigation aimed to study the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of the bioactive extract of N. arbor-tristis (NATE), both in vitro and in vivo, elucidate the possible mechanism of action, and determine its chemicals. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of NATE on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, paw-ear edema, and acetic acid-induced pain in rats and analysed its chemical components using Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS). RESULTS NATE efficiently reduced the production of various inflammatory mediators and factors, such as free radicals, lipid peroxidation, nitrous oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-10, as well as their corresponding mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.001). Furthermore, NATE inhibited the activation of a key signaling pathway, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), as it caused a decrease in the degradation of inhibitor of kB alpha (IkBa). Administration of NATE significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema (p < 0.001), TPA-induced ear edema, and the production of inflammatory factors (p < 0.01). NATE revealed anti-nociceptive impacts in acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion experiments (p < 0.001) as well as no toxicity signs. A total of six compounds, namely iridoid glycoside (6,7-di-O-benzonylnyctanthoside), arborsides A, arborsides C, betulinic acid, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, were characterized through the examination of their mass spectra in correlation with those documented in a database of mass spectra. CONCLUSIONS The present study furnishes scientific corroboration of the inhibitory potency of N. arbor-tristis as a promising herbal treatment for inflammation and pain responses without toxicity, offering a scientific basis for future drug development strategies aimed at ameliorating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Sharma
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Prateeksha Prateeksha
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Shailendra P Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Chandana V Rao
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Brahma N Singh
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Boarescu I, Boarescu PM, Pop RM, Bocșan IC, Gheban D, Bulboacă AE, Buzoianu AD, Bolboacă SD. Zingiber officinale Root Capsule Extract Synergistically Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1781. [PMID: 38339059 PMCID: PMC10855350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) root capsule extract (GRCE) in doses of 100 mg/kg b.w. (body weight) and 200 mg/kg b.w. alone and in combination with a low dose (5 mg/kg b.w.) of diclofenac sodium (D) on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation (AI). The association of GRCE in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. with D offered the highest inhibition percentage for edema, reaching the maximum level of inhibition (95%) after 24 h. The association of GRCE in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. with D showed the ability to reduce tissue inflammatory changes when compared to D alone, while GRCE alone did not exhibit such properties. The association of both doses of GRCE with D showed significantly lower plasma and tissue levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by up to 55% (p ≤ 0.0317), with the best results obtained by the group who received GRCE in the higher dose. These associations reduced the serum and tissue levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) by up to 71% (p ≤ 0.0371). In conclusion, the association of GRCE with a low dose of D could be an appropriate combination to decrease the dose used to reduce serum and tissue levels of inflammatory molecules, edema, and histological changes in acute inflammation. Further research will be necessary to achieve clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Boarescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul-Mihai Boarescu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Corina Bocșan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Gheban
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor Street, No. 3–5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Elena Bulboacă
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, No. 2–4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Inprasit J, Itharat A, Ruangnoo S, Thisayakorn K, Sukkasem K, Prommee N, Khoenok W, Sriyam K, Pahusee D, Davies NM. Ethnopharmacological analysis based on Thai traditional medicine theory and anti-inflammatory activity of Sa-Tri-Lhung-Klod remedy as a post-partum anti-inflammatory drug. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117207. [PMID: 37739101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sa-Tri-Lhung-Klod (ST) remedy is a Thai traditional remedy used in obstetrics and gynecology to reduce inflammation and nourish the body post-partum. In Thai traditional medicine (TTM), there is a theory of formulating drugs based on the four elements and the tastes of herbs for use in treating diseases. AIMS OF STUDY To determine relationships between taste theory and pharmacological properties for the anti-inflammatory effect of ST remedy and its chemical constituent components. To evaluate anti-inflammatory activity and also investigate the HPLC fingerprint of ST extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS ST remedy was extracted by maceration in 95% ethanol (STE) and decoction in distilled water (STW). ST extracts were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by nitric oxide inhibitory assay in RAW264.7 cells, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, and prostaglandin E2 inhibitory assay in inflamed rat paw tissue. In addition, the chemical constituent fingerprints of ST extracts were examined using HPLC. RESULTS STE contained seven main chemical compounds, and STW demonstrated only one identifiable chemical compound. The STE and STW displayed potent NO inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 20.59 ± 0.03 and 52.93 ± 0.90 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the STE and STW (at doses of 100 - 400 mg/kg) promoted significant inhibition of inflammation in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats (20.81 - 38.25%). Additionally, the STE (200 - 400 mg/kg) and STW (100 - 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced PGE2 levels in inflamed rat paw tissue. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the spicy, astringent, sweet, and fragrant taste of the ST remedy used to treat post-partum inflammation encompass constituents with potent anti-inflammatory activity. STE and STW possess anti-inflammatory properties and effectively inhibit the production of NO and PGE2. Results confirm the use of the ST remedy for treating inflammatory diseases in the post-partum period according to TTM knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janjira Inprasit
- Graduate School, Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Arunporn Itharat
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research (CEATMR), Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Srisopa Ruangnoo
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Krittiya Thisayakorn
- Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Kanmanee Sukkasem
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Nuntika Prommee
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klongluang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Wicheian Khoenok
- Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Kanjana Sriyam
- Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Darunee Pahusee
- Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Neal M Davies
- Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katz Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada.
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Araujo DFD, Holanda BF, Nascimento FLFD, Martins AB, Silva ALM, Pereira MG, Freitas Pires AD, Assreuy AMS. Polysaccharide-rich extract of Genipa americana leaves exerts anti-inflammatory effects modulated by platelet mediators. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117234. [PMID: 37793578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Genipa americana L. (Rubiaceae) leaves are traditionally used to treat fever, pharyngitis, healing, luxation and bruises. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the polysaccharide-rich extract of G. americana leaves (PE-Ga) in acute inflammation models and underlying mechanisms associated with platelet activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats received PE-Ga (0.3-3.0 mg/kg; IV) 30 min before injection (IP or SC) of zymosan, serotonin, PGE2, PLA2, PAF or L-arginine, and evaluated in the models of paw edema and acute peritonits. The blockage of plasma serotonin reuptake into platelets was performed with fluoxetine (40 mg/kg; IP). RESULTS In vitro, PE-Ga inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation up to 49%. In the edema model, PE-Ga reduced (41%) the time-course of the edema induced by zymosan, mainly the last phase (62%), as well as that induced by PLA2 (32%), PAF (35%), L-arginine (36%), PGE2 (49%) or serotonin (54% AUC); and reversed paw hypernociception induced by PGE2 or serotonin. In the peritonitis model, PE-Ga reversed abdominal hypernociception and reduced leukocyte migration induced by zymosan to blood (38%) and peritoneal cavity (55%), mainly neutrophils (70%). PE-GA also decreased leukocyte rolling (32%) and adhesion (47%), and increased the rolling velocity 2.2-fold. In the peritoneal fluid, PE-Ga reversed P-selectin and reduced total proteins (17%), MDA (40%), NO2-/NO3- (27%), and MPO activity (43%) but increased catalase activity 3.3-fold compared to zymosan. In addition, fluoxetine reversed PE-Ga anti-inflammatory effect on leukocyte migration and adhesion. CONCLUSIONS PE-Ga exerts antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects in acute inflammation induced by zymosan, being modulated by P-selectin and platelet serotonin, among other inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Freitas de Araujo
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil
| | - Bianca Feitosa Holanda
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Brito Martins
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Estácio Do Ceará, Unidade Centro, Av. Duque de Caxias 101, Fortaleza, CE, 60035-111, Brazil
| | - Alefe Lopes Macario Silva
- Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras Do Sertão Central, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Rua José de Queiroz 2554, Quixadá, CE, 63900-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Gonçalves Pereira
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil; Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras Do Sertão Central, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Rua José de Queiroz 2554, Quixadá, CE, 63900-000, Brazil
| | - Alana de Freitas Pires
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Estácio Do Ceará, Unidade Centro, Av. Duque de Caxias 101, Fortaleza, CE, 60035-111, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Sampaio Assreuy
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil.
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Cui M, Cheng L, Zhou Z, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Li C, Liao B, Fan M, Duan B. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety concerns of hawthorn (Crataegus genus): A comprehensive review. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117229. [PMID: 37788786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Crataegus (hawthorn), a member of the Rosaceae family, encompasses several species with broad geographical distribution across the Northern Hemisphere, including Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Hawthorn is recognized as an edible medicinal plant with applications related to strengthening the digestive system, promoting blood circulation, and resolving blood stasis. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study critically summarized the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties to provide a theoretical basis for further studies on hawthorn and its applications in medicine and food. MATERIALS AND METHODS The available information on hawthorn was gathered from scientific databases (including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, online ethnobotanical databases, and ethnobotanical monographs, and considered data from 1952 to 2023). Information about traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety concerns of the collected data is comprehensively summarized in this paper. RESULTS The literature review revealed that hawthorn includes more than 1000 species primarily distributed in the northern temperate zone. Traditional uses of hawthorn have lasted for millennia in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Within the past decade, 337 chemical compounds, including flavonoids, lignans, fatty acids and organic acids, monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, terpenoids and steroids, have been identified from hawthorn. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed numerous bioactivities, such as cardiovascular system influence, antitumor activity, hepatoprotective activity, antimicrobial properties, immunomodulatory functions, and anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, evaluations have indicated that hawthorn lacks toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Based on its traditional uses, chemical composition, and pharmacological studies, hawthorn has significant potential as a medicinal and edible plant with a diverse range of pharmacological activities. Traditional uses of the hawthorn include the treatment of indigestion, dysmenorrhea, and osteoporosis. However, modern pharmacological research primarily focuses on its cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system effects, antitumor effects, and liver protection properties. Currently, there is a lack of correlative research involving its traditional uses and pharmacological activities. Moreover, phytochemical and pharmacological research has yet to focus on many types of hawthorn with traditional applications. Therefore, it is imperative to research the genus Crataegus extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Zemei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Yinglin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Chaohai Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Binbin Liao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Min Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China.
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China.
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Sukkasem K, Itharat A, Thisayakorn K, Tangsuphoom N, Panthong S, Makchuchit S, Inprasit J, Prommee N, Khoenok W, Sriyam K, Pahusee D, Tasanarong A, Ooraikul B, Davies NM. Exploring in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of the Thai traditional remedy Kheaw-Hom and its bioactive compound, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, and ethnopharmacological analysis. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117131. [PMID: 37689327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kheaw-Hom (KH) remedy, a Thai traditional medicine (TTM) on the National List of Essential Medicines, has long been clinically used to treat fever and inflammation in children. However, no in vitro or in vivo anti-inflammatory or bioactive compound studies are published in the literature. AIMS OF THE STUDY To explore the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of KH remedy and its bioactive compound and analyze relationships between flavor and ethnopharmacological activities of plant components in KH remedy according to TTM theory. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC), a bioactive compound of KH remedy was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract (KHE), aqueous extract (KHA), acid-hydrolysis of KHA (KHA-h), acid-hydrolysis of KH powder (KHP-h), and EPMC were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo anti-inflammatory activities of KH powder (KHP) and KHE were determined using carrageenan-induced paw edema and ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema in rats and PGE2 production in tissue samples was examined. RESULTS KHP-h showed the highest EPMC content (21.33 ± 1.08 mg/g of extract) and inhibited PGE2, NO, and TNF-α production with IC50 values of 11.92 ± 0.21, 30.61 ± 3.12, and 56.71 ± 2.91 μg/mL, respectively, followed by KHE and KHA-h while KHA did not. EPMC, a bioactive compound of KH remedy showed high anti-inflammatory activities through three pathways. KHP oral administration (100 mg/kg) significantly minimized rat paw inflammation at 1, 2, and 3 h while KHE (100 mg/kg) noticeably reduced at 2 and 3 h. KHP (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and KHE (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited PGE2 production. KHP (1% w/v) notably reduced rat ear edema at 30, 60, and 120 min whereas KHE at all concentrations decreased swelling at 120 min. KHP and KHE at all doses significantly inhibited PGE2 production. Cool flavor was the main KH remedy flavor. Spicy plant components and some fragrant components showed high anti-inflammatory activity. CONCLUSIONS Results from the in vivo study strongly paralleled the in vitro study. These findings support the rational use of KH remedy according to TTM theory for fever treatment and inflammation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmanee Sukkasem
- Student of Doctor of Philosophy (Applied Thai Traditional Medicine), Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Arunporn Itharat
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research (CEATMR), Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Krittiya Thisayakorn
- Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | | | - Sumalee Panthong
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research (CEATMR), Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Sunita Makchuchit
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research (CEATMR), Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Janjira Inprasit
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Nuntika Prommee
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Wicheian Khoenok
- Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Kanjana Sriyam
- Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Darunee Pahusee
- Expert Center of Innovative Herbal Products (InnoHerb), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Technopolis, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Adis Tasanarong
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Buncha Ooraikul
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada; Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Neal M Davies
- Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katz Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2E1, Canada.
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Adeniyi IA, Oregbesan PO, Adesanya A, Olubori MA, Olayinka GS, Ajayi AM, Onasanwo SA. Olax subscorpioidea prevented scopolamine-induced memory impairment through the prevention of oxido-inflammatory damage and modulation of cholinergic transmission. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:116995. [PMID: 37541399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Olax subscorpioidea oliv. is a shrub plant of the Olacaceae family with reported usage in ethnomedicine as a nootropic agent for the management of Alzheimer's-like dementia. AIM The aim of this study is to investigate the nootropic potential of methanol extract of Olax subscorpioidea (MEOS) in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's-like dementia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male mice, assigned into six groups (n = 8), were used for this study. Group, I received distilled water, group II received scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), groups iii-v received 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o. of MEOS and scopolamine (1 mg/kg/i.p.), and group vi received donepezil 5 mg/kg, p.o.and scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were pre-treated with MEOS and Donepezil for 14 days, and scopolamine from the 8th to 14th day. Followed by cognitive, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and histology assessments. RESULTS 100 mg/kg MEOS significantly reduced transfer latency and increased discrimination index in the elevated plus maze and novel object recognition test cognitive assessments. 100 mg/kg MEOS, significantly reduced oxidative stress, protect endogenous antioxidants, suppressed neuroinflammation, and acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) activity. The histomorphometry study of the hippocampus revealed that MEOS prevented extensive pyknosis, karyolysis, chromatolysis, and loss of hippocampal neurons that accompanied scopolamine treatment. CONCLUSION MEOS protected against Alzheimer's-like dementia via the suppression of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with scopolamine-induced amnesic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaheel Akinwale Adeniyi
- Neuroscience and Oral Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | | | - Adegboyega Adesanya
- Neuroscience and Oral Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | | | - Gbenga Stanley Olayinka
- Neuroscience and Oral Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | | | - Samuel Adetunji Onasanwo
- Neuroscience and Oral Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Li Q, Xiang Y, Zhang Z, Qu X, Wu J, Fu J, Zhu F, Tang H. An integrated RNA-Seq and network pharmacology approach for exploring the preventive effect of Corydalis bungeana Turcz. Extract and Acetylcorynoline on LPS-induced acute lung injury. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:117048. [PMID: 37586441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Corydalis bungeana Turcz. (KDD) is a Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory, lung cleansing, detoxification and other functions. Clinically, it is commonly used to treat respiratory infections. This study uses ALI as the research model, which is consistent with the clinical use of KDD. Acetylcorynoline (AC) is the main alkaloid component of the KDD extracts, and network pharmacology studies suggest that it may be the main active ingredient in the prevention of ALI. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to explore the underlying mechanisms and to study the efficacy material basis of KDD in anti-ALI effect by LPS-induced mice and using a combination of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology and network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Establish a mouse model of ALI by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5 mg/kg). The main active ingredients of KDD were identified and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS) and network pharmacology. IL-18, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung histopathological changes, and lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were assessed. We investigated the possible molecular mechanisms of KDD and AC in an LPS-induced mouse ALI models with RNA-Seq technology. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of AC was verified in vitro by establishing an LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 inflammation model. Molecular docking further validated AC as the efficacy material basis of KDD in anti-ALI. RESULTS Based on HPLC-QTOF-MS technology and network pharmacology, KDD is more strongly associated with lung tissue, and that AC may be the main active ingredient of KDD. Subsequently, in vivo experiments results showed that KDD and AC reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and BALF, reduced MPO levels and reduced inflammatory damage in the lungs. To elucidate its underlying mechanism, based on RNA-Seq analysis techniques performed in lung tissue, enrichment analysis showed that KDD and AC intervened through the NLR signaling pathway, thereby mitigating LPS-induced ALI. Then, RT-qPCR, IF, WB and other technologies were used to verify the anti-ALI core difference genes of KDD and AC from the gene transcription and protein expression levels of the NLR signaling pathway, and confirmed the anti-ALI. In vitro experimental results also showed that AC has anti-inflammatory effects in RAW264.7. Finally, the biotransformation and molecular docking results also further indicated that AC is the active ingredient of KDD in anti-ALI. CONCLUSIONS Studies have shown that KDD has a good therapeutic effect on ALI, and AC is the main pharmacodynamic material basis for its therapeutic effect in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinning Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Zhenxu Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xiaoyang Qu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Fenxia Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Zavala-Ocampo LM, López-Camacho PY, Aguirre-Hernández E, Cárdenas-Vázquez R, Bonilla-Jaime H, Basurto-Islas G. Neuroprotective effects of Petiveria alliacea on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment mouse model. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:116881. [PMID: 37460029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Petiveria alliacea L., commonly known as macura and gully root, is an important medicinal plant used in the Caribbean and Central America to treat ailments associated to the central nervous system, including poor memory. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effects of the P. alliacea leaves methanol fraction (PMF) on a scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment mouse model related to acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS After PMF administration at doses of 500 or 900 mg/kg, cognitive ability was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM), Y-maze (YM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. The mouse brain tissue was further assessed for acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant activity. Levels of oxidative stress were also evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione activity. Acute toxicity was also evaluated. RESULTS PMF led to memory improvement in the behavioral tests in mice with scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Moreover, PMF inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and showed antioxidant potential that in turn attenuated cholinergic degradation. Additionally, PMF increased glutathione levels and glutathione reductase activity and reduced MDA levels in the brain. Moreover, no acute toxicity was detected with the use of PMF. CONCLUSION In a mouse model of scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit, PMF exhibited protective effects, decreasing oxidative damage and regulating cholinergic function in the brain bearing significant memory enhancing potency. These data suggest that PMF is a promising candidate for developing therapies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth M Zavala-Ocampo
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Perla Y López-Camacho
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - René Cárdenas-Vázquez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Basurto-Islas
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Du K, Zheng C, Kuang Z, Sun Y, Wang Y, Li S, Meng D. Gastroprotective effect of eupatilin, a polymethoxyflavone from Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot, in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury via NF-κB signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:116986. [PMID: 37536645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot (AA) has been extensively utilized as an important medicine and food homology in China, Japan, Korea, and eastern parts of Russia, owing to its pharmacological effects, which include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitussive, and antiallergic properties. Despite the extract of AA can significantly alleviate gastric mucosal injury, its precise material basis for effectiveness is not yet clear. As one of the polymethoxy flavonoids with high content in AA, the gastroprotective activity and molecular mechanism of eupatilin (EUP) require further investigation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the gastroprotective effects and possible mechanisms of EUP by using an ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS EUP was isolated from 95% ethanol extract of AA using a systematic phytochemical method. The gastroprotective activity of EUP was evaluated using a male SD rat model with ethanol-induced gastric mucosa injury. Histopathology evaluation of gastric tissues was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The levels of cytokines in the plasma and tissues were tested using the ELISA kits, while western blot analysis was employed to assess the expressions of COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB pathway proteins. RESULTS A sufficient amount of EUP was obtained from AA through chromatographic methods and identified by NMR experiment. In vivo, experimental results proved that EUP could significantly alleviate pathological features, increased SOD, GSH, and IL-10 levels, and decreased the contents of MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Further in vitro and in vivo Western blot experimental results showed that EUP significantly down-regulates the expressions of the NF-κB signal pathway to relieve inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that EUP could exert gastroprotective effects by inhibiting inflammation, enhancing gastric mucosal defense, and ameliorating oxidative stress, which is beneficial for providing scientific data for the development of gastric protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Changwei Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Zhulingzhi Kuang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yiwei Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Dali Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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Rajiv C, Sanjita Devi H, Devi AK, Tamreihao K, Kshetri P, Tania C, Singh TS, Sonia C, Singh MN, Sen A, Sharma SK, Roy SS. Pharmacological potential of Jussiaea repens L. against CuSO 4 and bacterial lipopolysaccharide O55:B5 induced inflammation using in-vivo zebrafish models. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:116932. [PMID: 37473823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Northeastern state of India is known for its remarkable biodiversity and untapped medicinal resources. Jussiaea repens L., commonly known as water primrose, is a plant found in this region that has been traditionally used by indigenous communities for various purposes. It has been employed to treat skin ulcerations, bone fractures, rheumatism, stomach pain, and intestinal worms. Despite its long-standing ethnopharmacological usage, there is limited scientific research on the bioactivity of Jussiaea repens L. However, preliminary studies have shown its potential antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Further exploration of its medicinal properties, particularly its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent, is warranted. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of Jussiaea repens L., a plant species found in the biodiverse Northeastern region of India. The plant has been traditionally used by indigenous communities for various ailments. By utilizing zebrafish as an animal model and evaluating its effects in different inflammation models, the study aimed to uncover the plant's potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. The research contributes to the scientific understanding of this traditional remedy and its potential therapeutic applications. METHODS Jussiaea repens L. extract was obtained from the stem and leaves using methanol as the solvent. Zebrafish embryos were used for in vivo assays. The anti-inflammatory study included two models: CuSO4-induced inflammation and tail wounding followed by bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. The activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in CuSO4-induced inflammation. Leukocyte migration at the injury site was observed in the tail wounding model. The extract's inhibition of the 15-LOX enzyme was assessed. All procedures followed established protocols and ethical guidelines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Jussiaea repens L. extract exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in two in vivo zebrafish models: CuSO4-induced inflammation and tail wounding combined with bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. The extract reduced mortality rates and showed antioxidant effects by increasing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the CuSO4 model. In the tail wounding model, the extract reduced leukocyte migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the extract demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of the 15-LOX enzyme in the in vitro assay. These results suggest that Jussiaea repens L. extract possesses anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits the 15-LOX enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongtham Rajiv
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | | | - Asem Kajal Devi
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - K Tamreihao
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; St. Joseph College, Ukhrul, 795142, Manipur, India
| | - Pintubala Kshetri
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; Yairipok Universal College, Yairipok, 795138, Manipur, India
| | - Chongtham Tania
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Thangjam Surchandra Singh
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; TS Paul Women's College, Mongsangei, 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Chongtham Sonia
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | | | - Arnab Sen
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Susheel Kumar Sharma
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Subhra Saikat Roy
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Imphal, 795004, India; ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, 440033, Maharashtra, India.
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Chandra Shekhar H, Joshua L, Thomas JV. Standardized Extract of Valeriana officinalis Improves Overall Sleep Quality in Human Subjects with Sleep Complaints: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Study. Adv Ther 2024; 41:246-261. [PMID: 37899385 PMCID: PMC10796483 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep deficit or poor sleep leads to ill-health, whereas sleep deprivation for longer periods of time increases the risk of developing adverse conditions associated with poor quality of life, and high socioeconomic impact. The treatments for sleep disturbances include melatonin and over-the-counter medicines like diphenhydramine and doxylamine, all of which have negative side effects. Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) is a traditional herb and the most preferred alternate sleep solution to manage sleep complaints. METHODS Eighty adult subjects with sleep complaints were randomized in 1:1 ratio to receive either V. officinalis extract (VE) or placebo for 8 weeks in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, clinical study. Primary efficacy endpoints included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep latency using wrist actigraphy (WA), as well as a number of secondary endpoints, including sleep parameters such as actual sleep time and sleep efficiency using WA, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for the feeling of waking up refreshed, and a tertiary endpoint of sleep parameters using polysomnography (PSG) in a subset of 20 subjects per group. Safety parameters included physical examination, vital sign measurements, hematology, and clinical chemistry tests. Adverse events and serious adverse events were monitored throughout the study period. RESULTS Seventy-two subjects (35 and 37 subjects in the placebo and VE groups, respectively) completed the study and were included in the efficacy assessments. On Days 14, 28, and 56, the PSQI Total Score in the VE group decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the placebo group. Further, the VE group showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in sleep latency and actual sleep time on Days 3, 14, 28, and 56, and sleep efficiency on Days 14, 28, and 56, as evaluated by WA. There was a decrease (p < 0.05) in anxiety (BAI) on Days 14, 28, and 56, daytime drowsiness (ESS) on Days 28 and 56, and an increased feeling of waking up refreshed (VAS) on Days 28 and 56 compared to placebo. PSG results carried out in subset of subjects revealed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in total sleep time, sleep latency, and sleep efficiency on Day 56 in the VE group compared to the placebo group. No safety concerns were observed throughout the study. CONCLUSION VE supplementation significantly improved various subjective and objective parameters of sleep in young subjects with mild insomnia symptoms, such as overall sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and total sleep time. We also observed decreased anxiety and daytime sleepiness, and improved feeling of being refreshed after waking up with VE supplementation. VE was found to be safe and well tolerated throughout the study. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry of India: CTRI/2022/05/042818.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshith Chandra Shekhar
- BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, No. 67, BGS Health and Education City, Uttarahalli Road, Kengeri, Bengaluru, 560060, Karnataka, India
| | - Lincy Joshua
- Leads Clinical Research and Bio Services Pvt. Ltd., No. 9, 1st Floor Mythri Legacy, Kalyan Nagar, Chelekere Main Road, Bengaluru, 560043, Karnataka, India
| | - Jestin V Thomas
- Leads Clinical Research and Bio Services Pvt. Ltd., No. 9, 1st Floor Mythri Legacy, Kalyan Nagar, Chelekere Main Road, Bengaluru, 560043, Karnataka, India.
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Singh PA, Bajwa N. Is Tinospora cordifolia Responsible for Drug-induced Liver Injury? Curr Drug Saf 2024; 19:8-10. [PMID: 36803756 DOI: 10.2174/1574886318666230220120343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
A number of journal articles written by researchers claiming Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) is to blame for liver damage have sparked a wide range of debates between Ayush and the allopathic medical community, particularly in India. Some even argue that promoting Giloy-based formulations to the general public is a bad idea. In this backdrop, the purpose of this essay is to provide a counter-narrative based on some of the major gaps in the research that implicated Giloy in Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI). Time-tested herb, Giloy, which has been used for pharmacological benefits since antiquity, as well as clinical and toxicological evidence suggest that Giloy is safe, and the observed negative effects can be attributed to Tinospora crispa, a herb that resembles Tinospora cordifolia in appearance. Holding Giloy species to be detrimental is unjustifiable unless other variables such as authentication, standardization, Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), regularization of the market are considered. This article emphasizes the importance of strategic collaboration between plants and contemporary medicine in order to eliminate concerns about the use of Giloy by the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preet Amol Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Bajwa
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Okuda H, Fukushima H, Nakatsukasa T, Yamamoto K, Kaizaki-Mitsumoto A, Numazawa S, Kamijo Y. Fatal poisoning due to ingestion of boiled oleander leaf extract. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:351-354. [PMID: 37753820 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Nerium oleander is an ornamental evergreen shrub belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The Apocynaceae family includes the attractive evergreen shrub known as oleander. The cardiotoxic glycoside, oleandrin, is present in all portions of the common oleander plant. Oleander consumption can result in deadly situations accidentally or as a suicide attempt. After consuming kettle-boiled oleander leaf extract as part of a suicide attempt, an 80-year-old man was discovered comatose in his home and taken to our emergency room. The patient's heart rate was 30 beats per minute, and he had hypotension. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed remarkable metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia (K: 7.7 mEq/L). An electrocardiogram showed a wide QRS wave, similar to a sine curve. The patient collapsed following cardiac arrest soon after hospital arrival. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated; however, the patient eventually died. The serum level of oleandrin at hospital arrival, subsequently measured by LC-MS/MS, was found to be 33.4 ng/mL, far above the levels reported in previous fatal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirozumi Okuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan
| | - Hidetada Fukushima
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nakatsukasa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara, Japan
| | - Asuka Kaizaki-Mitsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Numazawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kamijo
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
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Jana S, Gayen S, Gupta BD, Singha S, Mondal J, Kar A, Nepal A, Ghosh S, Rajabalaya R, David SR, Balaraman AK, Bala A, Mukherjee PK, Haldar PK. Investigation on Anti-diabetic Efficacy of a Cucurbitaceae Food Plant from the North-East Region of India: Exploring the Molecular Mechanism through Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c). Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:220-234. [PMID: 37691221 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230907115818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medicinal plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, such as Solena heterophylla Lour. fruits, have significant ethnobotanical value and are readily accessible in North East India. AIMS We conducted a study on Solena heterophylla Lour. fruits to evaluate their anti-diabetic activity in vivo, standardize their HPTLC, and profile their metabolites using LC-QTOF-MS. We aimed to explore the molecular mechanism behind their effects on oxidative stress and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). METHODS Firstly, the ethyl acetate fraction of Solena heterophylla Lour. fruits was standardized using Cucurbitacin B as a standard marker by conducting HPTLC evaluation. Next, we delved into analyzing metabolite profiling. In addition, the standardized fraction was utilized in an experimental study to investigate the molecular mechanism of action in an in vivo high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic model. RESULTS We have reportedly identified 52 metabolites in the ethyl acetate fraction of Solena heterophylla (EASH). In the in vitro tests, it has been observed that this extract from plants possesses notable inhibitory properties against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Solena heterophylla fruits with high levels of Cucurbitacin B (2.29% w/w) helped lower FBG levels in animals with EASH treatment. EASH treatment reduced HbA1c levels and normalized liver lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels. SGOT, SGPT, and SALP serum enzyme levels also returned to normal. CONCLUSION Based on the current evaluation, it was found that EASH exhibited encouraging hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats induced by a low dose of STZ and high-fat diet, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Jana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Srijon Gayen
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Barun Das Gupta
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Seha Singha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Jayashree Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, 795001, India
| | - Abhimanyu Nepal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Rajan Rajabalaya
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE 1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Sheba R David
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar Balaraman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asis Bala
- Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), An Autonomous Institute under - Department of Science & Technology (Govt. of India) Vigyan Path, Guwahati, PIN- 781035, Assam, India
| | | | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Zhou HB, Lu SZ, Yu ZS, Zhang JL, Mei ZN. Mechanisms for the biological activity of Gastrodia elata Blume and its constituents: A comprehensive review on sedative-hypnotic, and antidepressant properties. Phytomedicine 2024; 123:155251. [PMID: 38056151 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia and depressive disorder are two common symptoms with a reciprocal causal relationship in clinical practice, which are usually manifested in comorbid form. Several medications have been widely used in the treatment of insomnia and depression, but most of these drugs show non-negligible side effects. Currently, many treatments are indicated for insomnia and depressive symptom, including Chinese herbal medicine such as Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata), which has excellent sedative-hypnotic and antidepressant effects in clinical and animal studies. PURPOSE To summarize the mechanisms of insomnia and depression and the structure-activity mechanism for G. elata to alleviate these symptoms, particularly by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and intestinal flora, aiming to discover new approaches for the treatment of insomnia and depression. METHODS The following electronic databases were searched from the beginning to November 2023: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Wanfang Database, and CNKI. The following keywords of G. elata were used truncated with other relevant topic terms, such as depression, insomnia, antidepressant, sedative-hypnotic, neuroprotection, application, safety, and toxicity. RESULTS Natural compounds derived from G. elata could alleviate insomnia and depressive disorder, which is involved in monoamine neurotransmitters, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and gut microbes, etc. Several clinical trials showed that G. elata-derived natural compounds that treat depression and insomnia have significant and safe therapeutic effects, but further well-designed clinical and toxicological studies are needed. CONCLUSION G. elata exerts a critical role in treating depression and insomnia due to its multi-targeting properties and fewer side effects. However, more clinical and toxicological studies should be performed to further explore the sedative-hypnotic and antidepressant mechanisms of G. elata and provide more evidence and recommendations for its clinical application. Our review provides an overview of G. elata treating insomnia with depression for future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Sheng-Ze Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Zhong-Shun Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China
| | - Jiu-Liang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Mei
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Kim M, Yuk HJ, Min Y, Kim DS, Sung YY. Securinega suffruticosa extract alleviates atopy-like lesions in NC/Nga mice via inhibition of the JAK1-STAT1/3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115903. [PMID: 37979381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Securinega suffruticosa (SS) has well-known antioxidant, anti-vascular inflammation, and anti-bone resorption effects; however, the effects of SS in atopic dermatitis (AD) remain unknown. We examined the effects of SS on AD via application of Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DfE) to the ears and skin of NC/Nga mice. As a result of SS administration, DfE-induced AD mice had reduced ear thickness, epidermal thickness, scratching behavior, and transepidermal water loss. The serum levels of immunoglobulin E and thymic interstitial lymphopoietin (TSLP) were reduced by SS application. SS decreased mast cell and eosinophil recruitment to skin lesions. Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3, and Janus kinase 1 were reduced in the skin tissue of SS-administered mice, and downregulated filaggrin was restored. SS reduced the levels of interleukin-6, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted chemokine, and TSLP in interferon-γ/tumor necrosis factor-α-induced keratinocytes. The main components of SS were rutin and geraniin. These study results indicated that SS extract attenuated AD and has potential as a therapeutic natural product candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Kim
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Heung Joo Yuk
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Yueun Min
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea; Korean Convergence Medical Science Major KIOM, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea; Korean Convergence Medical Science Major KIOM, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, South Korea.
| | - Yoon-Young Sung
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea.
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Wang Y, Tian Z, Huang S, Dang N. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. and Its Extracts for Psoriasis: Efficacy and Mechanism. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3767-3781. [PMID: 38144417 PMCID: PMC10749103 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s439534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory autoimmune skin condition that is clinically marked by chronic erythema and scaling. The traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TwHF) is commonly used in the treatment of immune-related skin illnesses, such as psoriasis. In clinical studies, PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) were dramatically decreased by TwHF and its extracts. Their benefits for psoriasis also include relief from psoriasis symptoms such as itching, dryness, overall lesion scores and quality of life. And the pathological mechanisms include anti-inflammation, immunomodulation and potentially signaling pathway modulations, which are achieved by modulating type-3 inflammatory cytokines including IL-22, IL-23, and IL-17 as well as immune cells like Th17 lymphocytes, γδT cells, and interfering with IFN-SOCS1, NF-κB and IL- 36α signaling pathways. TwHF and its extracts may cause various adverse drug reactions, such as gastrointestinal responses, aberrant hepatocytes, reproductive issues, and liver function impairment, but at adequate doses, they are regarded as an alternative therapy for the treatment of psoriasis. In this review, the effectiveness and mechanisms of TwHF and its extracts in psoriasis treatment are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaochun Tian
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Huang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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de Jesus ENS, Tavares MS, Barros PAC, Miller DC, da Silva PIC, Freitas JJS, de Lima AB, Setzer WN, da Silva JKR, Figueiredo PLB. Chemical composition, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the curzerene type essential oil of Eugenia uniflora from Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 317:116859. [PMID: 37390874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Eugenia uniflora leaf infusion is widely used in folk medicine to treat gastroenteritis, fever, hypertension, inflammatory and diuretic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This work evaluated the acute oral toxic, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of the curzerene chemotype of Eugenia uniflora essential oil (EuEO). MATERIAL AND METHODS EuEO was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antinociceptive action in mice was evaluated for the peripheral and central analgesic activity using abdominal contortion and hot plate tests (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg); xylene-induced ear swelling was carried out for the nociception test, and carrageenan-induced cell migration test. Spontaneous locomotor activity was assessed in the open field test to rule out any nonspecific sedative or muscle relaxant effects of EuEO. RESULTS The EuEO displayed a yield of 2.6 ± 0.7%. The major compounds classes were oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (57.3 ± 0.2%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (16.4 ± 2.6). The chemical constituents with the highest concentrations were curzerene (33.4 ± 8.5%), caryophyllene oxide (7.6 ± 2.8%), β-elemene (6.5 ± 1.8%), and E-caryophyllene (4.1 ± 0.3%). Oral treatment with EuEO, at doses of 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg, did not change the behavior patterns or mortality of the animals. EuEO (300 mg/kg) did not cause a reduction in the number of crossings in the open field compared to the vehicle group. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was higher in EuEO-treated groups (50 and 2000 mg/kg) when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). EuEO, at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, reduced the number of abdominal writhings by 61.66%, 38.33%, and 33.33%. EuEO did not show increased hot plate test time latency in any of the intervals analyzed. At 200 mg/kg, EuEO decreased paw licking time, with inhibition of 63.43%. In formalin-induced acute pain, EuEO decreased paw licking time at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg in the first phase, with inhibition of 30.54%, 55.02%, and 80.87%. The groups treated with EuEO at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg showed ear edema reduction of 50.26%, 55.17%, and 51.31%, respectively. Moreover, EuEO inhibited leukocyte recruitment only at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The inhibitory values of leukocyte recruitment after 4 h of carrageenan application were 4.86%, 4.93%, and 47.25% for 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of essential oil, respectively. CONCLUSION The EuEO, curzerene chemotype, has significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and low acute oral toxicity. This work confirms the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory of this species as the traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Nayara Silva de Jesus
- Laboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil; Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada a Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - Mateus Silva Tavares
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada a Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Aníbal C Barros
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada a Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Carvalho Miller
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada a Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil; Programa de Pós- Graduação em Química Medicinal e Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Iuri C da Silva
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada a Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Jofre Jacob S Freitas
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada a Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - Anderson B de Lima
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada a Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - William N Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT, 84043, USA.
| | - Joyce Kelly R da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Brazil; Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT, 84043, USA.
| | - Pablo Luis B Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.
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Garang Z, Feng Q, Luo R, La M, Zhang J, Wu L, Wang Z, Zeweng Y, Jiangyong S. Commiphora mukul (Hook. ex Stocks) Engl.: Historical records, application rules, phytochemistry, pharmacology, clinical research, and adverse reaction. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 317:116717. [PMID: 37301302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Commiphora mukul (Hook. ex Stocks) Engl. (also known as Guggulu) is one of the oldest and most prominent herb used in Ayurvedic medicine. Commiphora mukul plants have traditionally been used to treat inflammation, diabetes, rheumatism, arthritis, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. It has long been used in China, India, Greece, and other countries. Commiphora mukul is an over-the-counter dietary supplement in the United States and Western countries. Commiphora mukul has excellent medicinal and commercial value and deserves further investigation. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper systematically reviews the historical records, application rules, phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, clinical research, and adverse reactions of C. mukul and provides a reference for its comprehensive application in basic research, new drug development, and clinical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature were collected from databases such as PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, TBRC, and other sources such as ancient books on traditional medicine, classic books on herbal medicine, and modern monographs. In this study, the application history and modern pharmacological research on C. mukul in the medicine of all ethnic groups were comprehensively and systematically reviewed. RESULTS According to the vast literature, the varieties, morphological characteristics, distribution, and description of C. mukul used in Unani medicine, Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, and Uygur medicine are highly consistent. Commiphora mukul is mainly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease, obesity, hemorrhoids, urinary system diseases, skin diseases, inflammation, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, tumors, and other diseases. The core medicinal material combination in different ethnic medical preparations was C. mukul-Terminalia chebula Retz. (101 times), C. mukul-Moschus (55 times), C. mukul-Aucklandia lappa (Decne.) Decne. (52 times), and C. mukul-Acorus calamus L (27 times). Phytochemical studies confirmed that 150 components with different structures had been isolated and identified. Z-and E-guggulsterone are the main isomers in C. mukul. C. mukul has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, bone resorption, nervous system protection, myocardial protection, antibacterial, and other pharmacological properties. Clinical studies have only identified the role of C. mukul in treating hemorrhoids and lowering blood lipids. CONCLUSIONS As an essential traditional medicine, C. mukul is widely used in the national traditional medicine system, and rich in chemical constituents and exhibit pharmacological activities. This study found that current research on C. mukul mainly focuses on its chemical composition and pharmacological properties. However, scientific research on the quality control of medicinal materials, identification of original plants, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology are relatively weak, and research in this area needs to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoma Garang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Rizhun Luo
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mejia La
- School of Foreign Language and Literature, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yongzhong Zeweng
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Silang Jiangyong
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Ali A, Saqib F. Ethnopharmacological basis and pharmacodynamics prospectives for folkloric claims of Rosa webbiana wall. Ex. Royle in diarrhea and asthma via In vitro, In vivo and In silico techniques. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 317:116696. [PMID: 37315649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rosa webbiana (Family: Rosaceae) is used by South Asian herbalists to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY This research aimed at multiple targets to verify R. webbiana for treating diarrhea and asthma. In vitro, in vivo, and in silico experiments were planned to demonstrate the antispasmodic and bronchodilator potential of R. webbiana. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bioactive compounds of R. webbiana were identified and quantified through LC ESI-MS/MS and HPLC. These compounds were predicted for muti-mechanisms of bronchodilator and antispasmodic potential in network pharmacology and molecular docking. In vitro methods (isolated rabbit trachea, bladder, and jejunum tissues) confirmed these multi-mechanisms for antispasmodic and bronchodilator effects. Antiperistalsis, antidiarrheal, and antisecretory experiments were conducted in in-vivo experiments. RESULTS The phytochemical analysis indicates the presence of rutin (742.91 μg/g), kaempferol (726.32 μg/g), and quercitrin (688.20 μg/g) in Rw. EtOH. These bioactive compounds in network pharmacology interfere with the pathogenic genes of diarrhea and asthma, which are the members of calcium-mediated signaling pathways and showed the stronger binding affinity towards voltage-gated L-type calcium channels, myosin light chain-kinase, Calcium calmodulin-dependent-kinase, Phosphodiesterase-4, and phosphoinositide phospholipase-C in molecular docking. Rw. EtOH elicited a spasmolytic response in isolated jejunum, trachea, and urine preparations by relaxing K+ (80 mM) and CCh (1 μM) spastic contractions. Additionally, it suppressed calcium concentration-response curves to the right, like verapamil. Like dicyclomine, it caused a rightward parallel shift of the CCh curves, followed by a non-parallel shift at higher concentrations with suppression of the maximal response. Like papaverine, it also caused isoprenaline-induced inhibitory CRCs to shift to the left. Verapamil did not potentiate isoprenaline-induced inhibitory CRCs, although it was more efficacious against K+ (80 mM) than CCh (1 μM)-induced contractions. R. webbiana EtOH extract exhibited complete antiperistalsis (21.55%), antidiarrheal (80.33%), and antisecretory (82.59±0.60) activities in vivo experiments at the dose of 300 mg/kg. CONCLUSION Thus, Rw. EtOH modulated multiple pathways, produced calcium antagonistic, anticholinergic, and phosphodiesterase inhibitory actions, and had antidiarrheal and bronchodilator effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60000) Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (60000) Pakistan.
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Grundmann O, Hill K, Al Barzanji E, Hazrat NG, Kaur G, Negeve RE, Shade S, Weber S, Veltri CA. Correlations of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) tea bag preparations and reported pharmacological effects. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 317:116779. [PMID: 37364801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of herbal tea infusions is widespread in ethnomedicine throughout the world. One such ethnobotanical is kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth., Rubiaceae) which has gained considerable interest as an herbal supplement in recent years in the West beyond its native Southeast Asia. Traditional, kratom leaves are either chewed fresh or made into a tea infusion to treat fatigue, pain, or diarrhea. However, dried kratom leaf powder and hydroalcoholic extracts are more commonly used in Western countries, raising the question of exposure to kratom alkaloids and related effects. AIM OF THE STUDY A specific kratom tea bag product was analyzed for mitragynine content using tea infusion preparation and methanolic extraction. Consumers of both the tea bag product and other kratom products completed an online anonymous survey to determine demographics, kratom use patterns, and self-reported beneficial and detrimental effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kratom tea bag samples were extracted using pH-adjusted water or methanol and analyzed using an established LC-QTOF method. A modified kratom survey was distributed to consumers of the kratom tea bag products and other kratom products over a 14-month period. RESULTS Tea infusion extraction of tea bag samples resulted in lower mitragynine levels (0.062-0.131% (w/w)) compared to methanolic extraction (0.485-0.616% (w/w)). Kratom tea bag consumers did report similar, although often milder beneficial effects compared to consumers using other kratom products. Overall self-reported health was better among kratom tea bag consumers whereas improvement of a diagnosed medical condition was less in tea bag consumers compared to those using other kratom products. CONCLUSIONS Traditional tea infusions of Mitragyna speciosa dried leaves provide benefits to consumers despite substantially lower mitragynine content. These effects may be less pronounced but indicate that tea infusions provide a potentially safer formulation compared to more concentrated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grundmann
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA.
| | - Katherine Hill
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Everest Al Barzanji
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Nilofar Ghulam Hazrat
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Gurnoor Kaur
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Ryan Einstein Negeve
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | | | - Sam Weber
- Top Tree Herbs, Denver, CO, 80222, USA
| | - Charles A Veltri
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
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Olatunji OJ, Zuo J, Olatunde OO. Securidaca inappendiculata stem extract confers robust antioxidant and antidiabetic effects against high fructose/streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Exploration of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1187-1199. [PMID: 33983859 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1921811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most deadly and most prevalent metabolic disease of contemporary times. This study evaluated the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and pancreato-protective effects of Securidaca inappendiculata extract (SIE) in high-fructose/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes. SIE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was administered to diabetic rats for 8 weeks, thereafter glycaemic parameters, pancreatic β cell function, lipid profile, hepatorenal function, and antioxidant parameters were evaluated in diabetic rats treated SIE. The results indicated that treatment with SIE markedly lowered blood glucose, lipid parameters, hepatorenal function parameters, and lipid peroxidation at the end of the intervention. Additionally, serum insulin levels were significantly increased as supported by restoration of pancreatic β-cell cells in the H&E staining. Moreover, SIE also upregulated serum antioxidant enzyme activities in the treated diabetic rats. The results revealed that SIE possesses potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects with the considerable restoration of pancreatic β-cells function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, China
| | - Oladipupo Odunayo Olatunde
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Schober A, Chinn G, Eichbaum Y, Dudley M, Sall JW. A Randomized Phase 2 Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of AR36 for Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness. Wilderness Environ Med 2023; 34:498-508. [PMID: 37923683 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AR36 is a pharmaceutical-grade plant extract used to support cardiovascular health in traditional Chinese medicine. Studies suggest that AR36 may prevent acute mountain sickness (AMS) during gradual ascent to high altitude. This randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial aimed to evaluate dosing regimens and assess efficacy and safety of AR36 for AMS prevention during rapid ascent. METHODS Participants received placebo, low-dose AR36 (225 mg twice daily for 14 d prior and 5 d at altitude), or high-dose AR36 (12 d placebo, 300 mg twice daily for 2 d prior and 5 d at altitude). The primary efficacy outcome was 1993 Lake Louise Scoring System (LLSS) score on the morning after ascent. Safety was assessed through the proportion of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). RESULTS One hundred thirty-two participants were randomized. Mean±SD age was 31.4±8.6 (range, 19-54) y. Baseline characteristics did not differ across groups. Lake Louise Scoring System scores on Day 16 in the placebo, low-dose, and high-dose groups were 4.03 (2.88), 4.42 (3.17), and 3.5 (2.31), respectively (placebo versus low-dose, P=0.462; placebo versus high-dose, P=0.574; n=110). The incidence of AMS on Day 16 was 66.7% in the placebo, 61.1% in the low-dose, and 55.3% in the high-dose group (P=0.66). The proportion of TEAEs in the placebo, low-dose, and high-dose groups was 38.4% (81), 28.4% (60), and 33.2% (70), respectively (P=0.205; n=127). There was no statistical difference between groups in LLSS, incidence of AMS, or TEAEs. CONCLUSIONS AR36 did not improve LLSS or AMS incidence using the current regimens. AR36 was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Schober
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Gregory Chinn
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yasmine Eichbaum
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Matthew Dudley
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeffrey W Sall
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
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Madjo KKY, Mbiantcha M, Fagni LZN, Matah Marthe VM, Ngoufack EA, Tsafack GE, Djuichou Nguemnang SF, Adjouzem CF, Ateufack G. Gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects of Nauclea pobeguinii (Rubiaceae) on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in male Wistar rats. J Complement Integr Med 2023; 20:729-739. [PMID: 37382892 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we determined the gastroprotective and ulcer-healing effects of extracts (aqueous and methanolic) of Nauclea pobeguinii stem-back. METHODS Gastroprotective and healing activity were evaluated following a HCl/ethanol and an indomethacin-induced acute ulcers models; acetic acid, pylorus-ligature, pylorus ligature/histamine and pylorus ligature/acetylcholine-induced chronic ulcers models. RESULTS It emerges from this study that, at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, the extracts significantly reduced the various ulceration parameters. Compared to negative control male rats, the aqueous (100 mg/kg) and methanolic (400 mg/kg) extracts of Nauclea pobeguinii inhibited the ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol by 80.76 % and 100 % respectively, as well as ulcers induced by indomethacin by 88.28 % and 93.47 % respectively. Animals that received 200 mg/kg of both extracts showed a significant reduction in the levels of monocytes, lymphocytes, nitric oxide, MDA and a significant increase in the activities of SOD and catalase. Histological analysis showed repaired mucous epithelium at all doses of both extracts. Aqueous and methanol extracts inhibited ulceration indices by 89.33 % and 88.53 % for pylorus ligature, 83.81 % and 61.07 % for pylorus ligature/acetylcholine and 87.29 % and 99.63 % for pylorus ligature/histamine respectively. Both extracts protected the stomach lining with percentages inhibition of 79.49 % and 81.73 %, respectively in the ethanol test. The extracts induced a significant increase in mucus mass (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The aqueous and methanol extracts of Nauclea pobeguinii healed ulcers thanks to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-secretory and cytoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karelle Kouam Yacine Madjo
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Marius Mbiantcha
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Linda Zenab Njoya Fagni
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Vanessa Mba Matah Marthe
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Elvira Azanze Ngoufack
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gonzal Eric Tsafack
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Carine Flore Adjouzem
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gilbert Ateufack
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Ajiboye BO, Dada S, Fatoba HO, Lawal OE, Oyeniran OH, Adetuyi OY, Olatunde A, Taher M, Khotib J, Susanti D, Oyinloye BE. Dalbergiella welwitschia (Baker) Baker f. alkaloid-rich extracts attenuate liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115681. [PMID: 37837880 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the Dalbergiella welwitschia alkaloid-rich extracts on liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hence, to induce diabetes, 45 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin was intraperitoneally injected into the Wistar rats. Subsequently, 5 % (w/v) of glucose water was given to the induced animals for 24 h. Thus, the animals (48) were grouped into five groups (n = 8), containing normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic rats placed on low (50 mg/kg body weight) and high (100 mg/kg body weight) doses of D. welwitschi alkaloid-rich leaf extracts (i.e. DWL and DWH respectively), and diabetic rats administered 200 mg/kg body weight of metformin (MET). The animals were sacrificed on the 21st day of the experiment, blood and liver were harvested, and different liver damage biomarkers were evaluated. The results obtained demonstrated that diabetic rats administered DWL, DWH and MET significantly (p < 0.05) increased hepatic AST, ALT, albumin, SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPX levels when compared to DC with no significant (p > 0.05) different when compared with NC. Also, diabetic rats administered DWL, DWH and MET revealed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in GGT and MDA levels, as well as, fragmented DNA and protein carbonyl levels when compared to DC with no significant (p > 0.05) different when compared with NC. In addition, histological examination revealed that diabetic rats placed on DWL, DWH and MET normalized the hepatocytes. Consequently, it can be inferred that alkaloid-rich extracts from D. welwitschi leaf could be helpful in improving liver damage associated with diabetes mellitus rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
| | - S Dada
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - H O Fatoba
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O E Lawal
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O H Oyeniran
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O Y Adetuyi
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - A Olatunde
- Phytomedicine and Natural Products Drug Discovery, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
| | - M Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Pharmaceutics and Translational Research Group, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - J Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, 60115 Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - D Susanti
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - B E Oyinloye
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, South Africa
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Ameri A, Farashahinejad M, Davoodian P, Safa O, Kusha A, Dadvand H, Hassanipour S, Fathalipour M. Efficacy and safety of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) in moderately ill patients with COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3037-3045. [PMID: 37847472 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Licorice extract (glycyrrhizin), a potent antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant remedy, is a potential therapeutic option for COVID-19. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of licorice in patients with moderate COVID-19. In this study, 60 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive licorice (at a dose of 760 mg three times a day for seven days) or control groups. The primary outcomes were SPO2, body temperature, and respiratory rate (RR) after the end of the intervention. The findings indicated that SPO2, body temperature, and RR had no significant difference between the groups at the end of the intervention. However, CRP and ALT improved in the licorice group toward the baseline. The number of patients with worse prognoses, LOS, mortality, and the incidence of adverse events were not different between the groups at the end of the study. Licorice had no beneficial effect on the clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Moreover, this intervention demonstrated a safe profile of adverse events. The confirmation of the results of this preparatory trial requires more detailed multiple-center trials with a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ameri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farashahinejad
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Parivash Davoodian
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Omid Safa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amin Kusha
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Habib Dadvand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathalipour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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Kim SB, Ryu HY, Nam W, Lee SM, Jang MR, Kwak YG, Kang GI, Song KS, Lee JW. The Neuroprotective Effects of Dendropanax morbifera Water Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16444. [PMID: 38003650 PMCID: PMC10671129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Dendropanax morbifera leaves and stems (DMLS) water extract on scopolamine (SCO)-induced memory impairment in mice. First, we conducted experiments to determine the protective effect of DMLS on neuronal cells. Treatment with DMLS showed a significant protective effect against neurotoxicity induced by Aβ(25-35) or H2O2. After confirming the neuroprotective effects of DMLS, we conducted animal studies. We administered DMLS orally at concentrations of 125, 250, and 375 mg/kg for 3 weeks. In the Y-maze test, SCO decreased spontaneous alternation, but treatment with DMLS or donepezil increased spontaneous alternation. In the Morris water-maze test, the SCO-treated group showed increased platform reach time and decreased swim time on the target platform. The passive avoidance task found that DMLS ingestion increased the recognition index in short-term memory. Furthermore, memory impairment induced by SCO reduced the ability to recognize novel objects. In the Novel Object Recognition test, recognition improved with DMLS or donepezil treatment. In the mouse brain, except for the cerebellum, acetylcholinesterase activity increased in the SCO group and decreased in the DMLS and donepezil groups. We measured catalase and malondialdehyde, which are indicators of antioxidant effectiveness, and found that oxidative stress increased with SCO but was mitigated by DMLS or donepezil treatment. Thus, our findings suggest that ingestion of DMLS restored memory impairment by protecting neuronal cells from Aβ(25-35) or H2O2-induced neurotoxicity, and by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bae Kim
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Hyun Yeoul Ryu
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Woo Nam
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
| | - So Min Lee
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Mi Ran Jang
- Huons Foodience Co., Ltd., Geumsan-gun 32724, Republic of Korea; (M.R.J.); (Y.G.K.)
| | - Youn Gil Kwak
- Huons Foodience Co., Ltd., Geumsan-gun 32724, Republic of Korea; (M.R.J.); (Y.G.K.)
| | - Gyoo Il Kang
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Kyung Seok Song
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; (S.B.K.); (H.Y.R.); (W.N.); (S.M.L.); (G.I.K.); (K.S.S.)
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Petridis PD, Jaffe AB, Kantrowitz JT, Grinband J. Tardive Dyskinesia Suppressed With Ginkgo Biloba. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 43:549-551. [PMID: 37930215 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
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Crescioli G, Maggini V, Raschi E, Gonella LA, Luxi N, Ippoliti I, Di Giovanni V, Bonaiuti R, Firenzuoli N, Gallo E, Menniti-Ippolito F, Moretti U, Trifirò G, Vannacci A, Firenzuoli F, Lombardi N. Suspected adverse reactions to medications and food supplements containing Serenoa repens: A worldwide analysis of pharmacovigilance and phytovigilance spontaneous reports. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5289-5299. [PMID: 37463655 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The safety of Serenoa repens (SR)-containing products was evaluated conducting a retrospective worldwide analysis of pharmaco- and phytovigilance report forms of suspected adverse reactions (SARs) collected up to 31 January 2022. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of serious SAR. A total of 1810 report forms were analysed; 92% of subjects were males, with a median age of 69 years; 44% of cases were defined as serious. Subjects exposed to dietary supplements had a higher risk of developing serious SARs (OR: 1.60 [95% CI: 1.20-2.15]), as subjects exposed to 2-5 (OR: 1. 83 [95% CI: 1.30-2.58]) or more than 5 (OR: 3.45 [95% CI: 2.36-5.06]) suspect/interacting products. The probability of experiencing serious SAR was higher for subjects exposed to concomitant products (OR: 1.55 [95% CI: 1.15-2.08]), to more than four active compounds (OR: 4.38 [95% CI: 3.21-5.99]) and to SR for more than 14 days (OR: 1.89 [95% CI: 1.10-3, 22]), and lower for subjects exposed to higher doses of SR (OR: of 0.34 [95% CI: 0.20-0.58]). This evidence improves awareness on safety of SR containing products, suggesting the need of a further update of periodic reviews by national and international regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Crescioli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Maggini
- CERFIT, Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuel Raschi
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Luxi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ippoliti
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Bonaiuti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Firenzuoli
- Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eugenia Gallo
- CERFIT, Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Moretti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Vannacci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- CERFIT, Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Lombardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, Florence, Italy
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Smith SJ, Lopresti AL, Fairchild TJ. Exploring the efficacy and safety of a novel standardized ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera) root extract (Witholytin®) in adults experiencing high stress and fatigue in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:1091-1104. [PMID: 37740662 PMCID: PMC10647917 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a state of homeostasis in the body being challenged, resulting in a systemic response. It has become more prevalent in recent years and affects mental and physical health. AIMS Evaluate the effects of ashwagandha on stress, fatigue, and sex hormones in overweight or mildly obese men and women with self-reported stress and fatigue. METHODS Two-arm, parallel-group, 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on overweight or mildly obese men and women aged 40-75 years, supplementing with 200 mg of an ashwagandha root extract (Witholytin®) twice daily. RESULTS/OUTCOMES Supplementation with ashwagandha was associated with a significant reduction in stress levels based on the Perceived Stress Scale (primary outcome); however, the improvements were not significantly different to the placebo group (p = 0.867). Based on the Chalder Fatigue Scale, there was a statistically significant reduction in fatigue symptoms in the ashwagandha group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.016), and participants taking ashwagandha also experienced a significant increase in heart rate variability (p = 0.003). However, there were no significant between-group differences in other self-report outcome measures. In the men taking ashwagandha, there was a significant increase in the blood concentrations of free testosterone (p = 0.048) and luteinizing hormone (p = 0.002) compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results of this study suggest that in overweight middle-to-older age adults experiencing high stress and fatigue, compared to the placebo, ashwagandha did not have a significantly greater impact on perceived stress levels. However, based on secondary outcome measures, it may have anti-fatigue effects. This may be via its impact on the autonomic nervous system. However, further research is required to expand on these current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Smith
- Clinical Research Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Adrian L Lopresti
- Clinical Research Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Timothy J Fairchild
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Chen LM, Cong Q, Wu D, Chen Y, Qiu LH, Hong ZB, Yang YB, Xu L, Wang LF, Huang LX, Li WR, Tang JP, Cao YG, Sui L. A prospective multicentre controlled study of Gaoweikang (Chinese multiherb extract-based tincture) used in high-risk HPV infections. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:8985-8992. [PMID: 37843310 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202310_33922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the safety and antiviral efficacy of a Chinese multiherb extract-based tincture (GWK) on a population of patients with high-risk human papilloma (hrHPV) infections and hrHPV-caused cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with persistent hrHPV infection were enrolled in Group A, including A1 subjects, who received the intervention, and A2 subjects, who received the control. Patients with hrHPV infection causing cervical LSIL were enrolled in Group B, which included B1 subjects, who received the intervention, and B2 subjects, who served as the control. For Groups A1 and B1, hrHPV was tested at 3 months (M3) and 6 months (M6) after the intervention. The side effects were also analyzed. RESULTS At baseline (D0), a total of 99 patients were enrolled in Group A, with 50 subjects in Group A1 and 49 subjects in Group A2. A total of 91 patients were enrolled in Group B, with 45 subjects in Group B1 and 46 subjects in Group B2. There was no significant difference in the characteristics, including average age, age stratification, and HPV genotype. At M6, both Group A1 and Group B1 had a higher hrHPV clearance rate than the control group (A1/A2: 80.0% vs. 20.4%; B1/B2: 64.4% vs. 15.2%, p<0.001). At M6, the effective rates of Group A1 and Group B1 were 84% (42/50) and 68.9% (31/45), respectively. The side effect rates of Groups A1 and B1 were 11.5% (6/52) and 11.1% (5/45), respectively. Most adverse reactions involved local discomfort, including vulvar erythema, vulvar itch, increased vaginal discharge, cervical bleeding, and mild pain in the lower abdomen. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the intervention had an OR of 12 (95% CI 4.431-32.50) for clearing persistent HPV infection (p<0.001). For cervical LSIL, the intervention had an OR of 10.1 for clearing persistent HPV infection (95% CI 3.68-27.7) (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the Chinese multiherb extract-based tincture GWK is safe and well tolerated. Furthermore, this preliminary study showed that this Chinese multiherb extract-based tincture is helpful for promoting HPV clearance in cases of persistent HPV and HPV-induced LSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-M Chen
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Hedaoo M, Patil-Bhole T, Sharma R, Mahajan M. Exploratory quasi-experimental study of anti-arthritic activity of Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, Abha Guggulu in osteoarthritis patients. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2023; 38:281-288. [PMID: 36919259 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2022-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abha Guggulu (AG) is a traditional Ayurvedic herbal formulation used for treating joint disorders and bone fractures. Individually, the ingredients are known for their promising anti-inflammatory and rejuvenating actions. The present study attempts to explore the anti-arthritic potential of AG through an exploratory clinical trial. METHODS The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental model. The clinical trial has been registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India (registration number: CTRI/2019/09/021354). Osteoarthritis patients of both genders (n=12, 40-70 years age group), meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were recruited in the single arm study. AG was administered in tablet form in a dose of 1.5 g, twice daily. The WOMAC score was used as a primary outcome measure. The WOMAC scale of patients was recorded on 0th, 15th and 30th days of treatment. RESULTS At the end of treatment, there was a significant difference in the scores of the outcome measure. As per WOMAC total score, participants were significantly improved (p=0.002) after consuming the drug for 1 month. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data indicates significant improvement of subjects in both scales and objective measures used for assessment purposes. There were no adverse drug reactions reported during the trial. AG may be used as a safe and effective supplement to reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis. The clinical efficacy of the formulation might be mediated through the synergistic blend of herbal bioactive compounds from AG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trupti Patil-Bhole
- Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, College of Ayurved, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhavi Mahajan
- Department of Kayachikitsa, College of Ayurved, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
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Mahnashi MH, Ashraf M, Alhasaniah AH, Ullah H, Zeb A, Ghufran M, Fahad S, Ayaz M, Daglia M. Polyphenol-enriched Desmodium elegans DC. ameliorate scopolamine-induced amnesia in animal model of Alzheimer's disease: In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115144. [PMID: 37437376 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to quantify HPLC-DAD polyphenolics in the crude extracts of Desmodium elegans, evaluating its cholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant, molecular docking and protective effects against scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. A total of 16 compounds were identified which include gallic acid (239 mg g-1), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (11.2 mg g-1), coumaric acid (10.0 mg g-1), chlorogenic acid (10.88 mg g-1), caffeic acid (13.9 mg g-1), p-coumaroylhexose (41.2 mg g-1), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (22.4 mg g-1), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6.16 mg g-1), (+)-catechin (71.34 mg g-1), (-)-catechin (211.79 mg g-1), quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (17.9 mg g-1), kaempferol-7-O-glucuronide (13.2 mg g-1), kaempferol-7-O-rutinoside (53.67 mg g-1), quercetin-3-rutinoside (12.4 mg g-1), isorhamnetin-7-O-glucuronide (17.6 mg g-1) and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (15.0 mg g-1). In a DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the chloroform fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 31.43 µg mL-1. In an AChE inhibitory assay, the methanolic and chloroform fractions showed high inhibitory activities causing 89% and 86.5% inhibitions with IC50 values of 62.34 and 47.32 µg mL-1 respectively. In a BChE inhibition assay, the chloroform fraction exhibited 84.36% inhibition with IC50 values of 45.98 µg mL-1. Furthermore, molecular docking studies revealed that quercetin-3-rutinoside and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide fit perfectly in the active sites of AChE and BChE respectively. Overall, the polyphenols identified exhibited good efficacy, which is likely as a result of the compounds' electron-donating hydroxyl groups (-OH) and electron cloud density. The administration of methanolic extract improved cognitive performance and demonstrated anxiolytic behavior among tested animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mater H Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Dir (L), Chakdara 18000, KP, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Hassan Alhasaniah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alam Zeb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (L), Chakdara 18000, KP, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ghufran
- Department of Pathology, Medical Teaching Institution Bacha Khan Medical College (BKMC) Mardan, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Dir (L), Chakdara 18000, KP, Pakistan.
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Yoon EJ, Ahn JW, Kim HS, Choi Y, Jeong J, Joo SS, Park D. Improvement of Cognitive Function by Fermented Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer Berries Extracts in an AF64A-Induced Memory Deficit Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:3389. [PMID: 37571326 PMCID: PMC10421307 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential therapeutic properties of fermented ginseng berry extract (GBE) for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fermented GBE was examined for its ginsenoside content and physiological properties, which have been suggested to have neuroprotective effects and improve cognitive function. The results showed that fermented GBE contains high levels of major active ginsenosides and exhibits antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. Post-fermented GBE demonstrated therapeutic potential in AF64A-induced damaged neural stem cells and an animal model of AD. These findings suggest that fermented GBE may hold promise as a candidate for developing new therapeutic interventions for memory deficits and cognitive disorders associated with AD and other neurodegenerative conditions. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fermented GBE in human subjects and to determine its clinical applications. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that fermented GBE has potential as a natural product for the prevention and treatment of AD. The high levels of active ginsenosides and antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of fermented GBE suggest that it may be a promising therapeutic agent for improving cognitive function and reducing neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Yoon
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Biology Education, Republic of Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Jeong-Won Ahn
- College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.A.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.A.); (H.-S.K.)
| | - Yunseo Choi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Biology Education, Republic of Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Jiwon Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Biology Education, Republic of Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.Y.); (J.J.)
| | - Seong-Soo Joo
- College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.A.); (H.-S.K.)
- Huscion MAJIC R&D Center, 331 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam 13488, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsun Park
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Biology Education, Republic of Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.Y.); (J.J.)
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Franco JV, Trivisonno L, Sgarbossa NJ, Alvez GA, Fieiras C, Escobar Liquitay CM, Jung JH. Serenoa repens for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 6:CD001423. [PMID: 37345871 PMCID: PMC10286776 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001423.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate, which can lead to obstructive and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The pharmacologic use of plants and herbs (phytotherapy) for the treatment of LUTS associated with BPH is common. The extract of the berry of the American saw palmetto or dwarf palm plant, Serenoa repens (SR), which is also known by its botanical name of Sabal serrulatum, is one of several phytotherapeutic agents available for the treatment of BPH. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of Serenoa repens in the treatment of men with LUTS consistent with BPH. SEARCH METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of multiple databases (the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS), trials registries, other sources of grey literature, and conference proceedings published up to 16 September 2022, with no restrictions on language or publication status. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials of participants with BPH who were treated with Serenoa repens or placebo/no treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion at each stage and undertook data extraction and risk of bias assessment and GRADE assessment of the certainty of the evidence. We considered review outcomes measured up to 12 months after randomization as short term, and beyond 12 months as long term. Our main outcomes included urologic symptom scores, quality of life, and adverse events. MAIN RESULTS For this update, we narrowed the review question to only comparisons with placebo. We included 27 studies (of which 9 were new) involving a total of 4656 participants, 19 studies comparing Serenoa repens with placebo, and 8 studies comparing Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapeutic agents versus placebo. Most studies included men aged > 50 (mean age range 52 to 68) with moderate urologic symptoms (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] range 8 to 19). Ten studies were funded by the pharmaceutical industry; two studies were funded by government agencies; and the remaining studies did not specify funding sources. Serenoa repens versus placebo or no intervention Results for this comparison are based on predefined sensitivity analyses limited to studies at low risk of bias. Serenoa repens results in little to no difference in urologic symptoms at short-term follow-up (3 to 6 months; IPSS score range 0 to 35, higher scores indicate worse symptoms; mean difference (MD) -0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.74 to -0.07; I2 = 68%; 9 studies, 1681 participants; high-certainty evidence). Serenoa repens results in little to no difference in the quality of life at short-term follow-up (3 to 6 months; IPSS quality of life domain range 0 to 6, higher scores indicate worse quality of life; MD -0.20, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.00; I2 = 39%; 5 studies, 1001 participants; high-certainty evidence). Serenoa repens probably results in little to no difference in adverse events (1 to 17 months; risk ratio (RR) 1.01, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.31; I2 = 18%; 12 studies, 2399 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Based on 164 cases per 1000 men in the placebo group, this corresponds to 2 more (38 fewer to 51 more) per 1000 men in the Serenoa repens group. Serenoa repens results in little to no difference in urologic symptoms at long-term follow-up (12 to 17 months, IPSS score, MD 0.07, 95% CI -0.75 to 0.88; I2 = 34%; 3 studies, 898 participants; high-certainty evidence). Serenoa repens results in little to no difference in quality of life at long-term follow-up (12 to 17 months, IPSS quality of life, MD -0.11, 95% CI -0.41 to 0.19; I2 = 65%; 3 studies, 882 participants; high-certainty evidence). There were no data on long-term adverse events for this comparison. Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy versus placebo or no intervention Different phytotherapeutic agents that include Serenoa repens may result in little to no difference in urologic symptoms compared to placebo at short-term follow-up (12 to 24 weeks, IPSS score, MD -2.41, 95% CI -4.54 to -0.29; I2 = 67%; 4 studies, 460 participants; low-certainty evidence). We are very uncertain about the effects of these agents on quality of life (very low-certainty evidence). These agents may result in little to no difference in the occurrence of adverse events; however, the CIs included substantial benefits and harms (12 to 48 weeks, RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.41; I2 = 0%; 4 studies, 481 participants; low-certainty evidence). Based on 132 cases per 1000 men in the placebo group, this corresponds to 12 fewer (55 fewer to 54 more) per 1000 men in the combined phytotherapeutic agents with Serenoa repens group. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Serenoa repens alone provides little to no benefits for men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement. There is more uncertainty about the role of Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Va Franco
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonel Trivisonno
- Department of Health Science, Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Argentina
| | - Nadia J Sgarbossa
- Department of Health Science, Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Ariel Alvez
- Medical School, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Fieiras
- Medical School, Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jae Hung Jung
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea, South
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Nawaz I, Tahir A, Iqbal SM, Anjum F, Naseem M, Aslam MI, Hussain M, Jamil QA, Shirazi JH, Jamil Q. Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic activities of Cenchrus ciliaris L. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 309:116332. [PMID: 36868441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cenchrus ciliaris L. belongs to the family Poaceae and is found all over the world. It is native to the Cholistan desert of Pakistan where it is locally known as 'Dhaman'. Owing to high nutritional value, C. ciliaris is used as fodder while seeds are used for bread making which are consumed by locals. It also possesses medicinal value and is extensively employed to treat pain, inflammation, urinary tract infection, and tumors. AIM OF STUDY Studies on the pharmacological activities of C. ciliaris are scarce in spite of its several traditional uses. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive study has been conducted on anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activity of C. ciliaris until now. Here we employed an integrative phytochemical and in - vivo framework to evaluate the potential biological activities of C. ciliaris against inflammation, nociception and pyrexia experimentally induced in rodents. MATERIAL AND METHODS C. ciliaris was collected from the desert of Cholistan, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Phytochemical profiling of C. ciliaris was done by employing GC-MS analysis. Anti-inflammatory activity of plant extract was initially determined by various in - vitro assays including albumin denaturation assay and RBC membrane stabilization assays. Finally, rodents were utilized to evaluate in - vivo anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and anti-nociceptive activities. RESULTS Our data revealed the presence of 67 phytochemicals in methanolic extract of C. ciliaris. The methanolic extract of C. ciliaris provided RBC membrane stabilization by 65.89 ± 0.32% and protection against albumin denaturation by 71.91 ± 3.42% at 1 mg/ml concentration. In in - vivo acute inflammatory models, C. ciliaris exhibited 70.33 ± 1.03, 62.09 ± 8.98, 70.24 ± 0.95% anti-inflammatory activity at concentration of 300 mg/ml against carrageenan, histamine and serotonin induced inflammation. In CFA induced arthritis, inhibition of inflammation was found to be 48.85 ± 5.11% at 300 mg/ml dose after 28 days of treatment. In anti-nociceptive assays C. ciliaris exhibited significant analgesic activity in both peripheral and centrally mediated pain. The C. ciliaris also reduced the temperature by 75.26 ± 1.41% in yeast induced pyrexia. CONCLUSION C. ciliaris exhibited anti-inflammatory effect against acute and chronic inflammation. It also showed significant anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic activity which endorses its traditional use in the management of pain and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Nawaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Ayma Tahir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Fayyaz Anjum
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Mahrukh Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87550, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfan Aslam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Qazi Adnan Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Jafir Hussain Shirazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - QurratUlAin Jamil
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
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49
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Hsieh CY, Wang CC, Tayo LL, Deng SX, Tsai PW, Lee CJ. In vitro and in vivo anti-osteoarthritis effects of tradition Chinese prescription Ji-Ming-San. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 305:116084. [PMID: 36584922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ji-Ming-Shan (JMS) is a traditional herbal prescription consisting of seven herbs including Areca cathechu Burm.f., Citrus reticulata Blanco, Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai, Euodia ruticarpa (A. Juss.) Benth., Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.). It was first recorded during the Song dynasty and has been used extensively for protection against rheumatism, treatment of swelling of tendons, relief from foot pain, gout and diuresis and other forms of inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoarthritis activity of JMS extracts with the use of different cell lines (RAW 264.7 cells, SW1353 cells and primary cultured rat chondrocytes). MIA-induced rat animal models were used to assess the anti-osteoarthritis activity of the extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of JMS-95E on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. For the in vivo study, male Wistar rats were used and they were randomly assigned in different groups: blank, control, positive control and three different JMS-95E treatment groups (200, 400, 800 mg/kg/d). Paw edema, hind-limb weight bearing, serum inflammatory cytokines including hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining experiments were used to assess the efficacy of the extract in the rat model. RESULT JMS 95% ethanol extract (JMS-95E, marker substance: narirutin (5.10 mg/g) and hesperidin (11.33 mg/g) has been identified in the extract using high pressure liquid chromatography. For in vitro assays, JMS-95E did not exhibit cytotoxicity and was able to downregulate the protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 and MMP-13. The production of inflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2 were also reduced with an increase in dose-dependent manner in various cell lines. Inhibitory activity on the key enzyme xanthine oxidase was also observed in this study. In rat animal models, JMS-95E reduced the inflammatory responses such as acute swelling, chondrocyte degradation and pain section of paw edema in rat model. Molecular marker studies of inflammation demonstrated that JMS-95E significantly decrease PGE2 expression in MIA model. CONCLUSION JMS-95E inhibited the inflammatory pathway leading to the production or expression levels of NO, iNOS, COX-2 and PGE2 in macrophage cells. In primary cultured rat chondrocytes iNOS and SW1353 MMP-13 expression were downregulated after JMS-95E treatment. For the in vivo study JMS-95E significantly reduced the paw volume of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema through each dose and significantly inhibited paw volume, counterweight the distribution of hind-paw weight bearing through the MIA model which means JMS-95E could promote recovery of the acute swelling and chondrocyte degradation of the ankle joints. The above results provided the multiple mechanism of JMS-95E in OA treatment of the scientific founding which supported the description of JMS in traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Hsieh
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila, 1002, Metro Manila, Philippines.
| | - Shun-Xin Deng
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 711, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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50
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Pineda-Peña EA, Capistran-Amezcua D, Reyes-Ramírez A, Xolalpa-Molina S, Chávez-Piña AE, Figueroa M, Navarrete A. Gastroprotective effect methanol extract of Caesalpinia coriaria pods against indomethacin- and ethanol-induced gastric lesions in Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 305:116057. [PMID: 36574790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd is widely used as a traditional medinal plant in Mexico for protective and healing purposes and the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the gastroprotective effect of extract of Caesalpinia coriaria pods against ethanol-induced and indomethacin-induced gastric lesion models, its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities, and its main compounds through LC-MS analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were orally administered a methanol extract obtained from the pods of C. coriaria at doses of 10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg prior to inducing gastric lesions with ethanol or indomethacin. Gastric mucosal lesions were evaluated by macroscopic and histopathological alterations. Determination of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), nitrites/nitrates, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and H2S gastric levels were investigated. Its main compounds of the active extract through LC-MS analysis. RESULTS Phenolic compounds were identified as major components of methanol extract. LC-MS analysis identified 15 constituents, and the significant compounds were gallic acid, 3-O-galloylquinic acid, digalloylglucose, tetragalloylglucose, valoneic acid dilactone, pentagalloylglucose, digalloylshikimic acid, and ellagic acid. Pretreatment with the extract at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg significantly reduced gastric ulcer lesions in both models. Compared with the reference drugs (omeprazole or ranitidine, respectively), no significant difference was found (p < 0.05). The extract's gastroprotective effect was accompanied by significant decreases in leukocyte recruitment, and gastric levels of TNF-α and LTB4 by two to fourfold (p < 0.05). Also, gastric levels of PGE2 gastric levels were maintained and the antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD and nitrate/nitrite in the gastric tissue were improved (p < 0.05). The LC-MS analysis indicated the presence of hydrolyzable tannins (mainly gallic acid derivatives). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the gastroprotective effect of the methanol extract of C. coriaria pods occurs through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and NO modulation properties, and gallic acid derivatives may be the main possible compounds responsible for its actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Arlen Pineda-Peña
- Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus I, Av. Guelatao, No. 66, Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P, 09230, CDMX, Mexico; Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIEZ), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Batalla 5 de mayo esquina Fuerte de Loreto, Ejército de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P, 09230, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - David Capistran-Amezcua
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, C.P, 04510, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Adelfo Reyes-Ramírez
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIEZ), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Batalla 5 de mayo esquina Fuerte de Loreto, Ejército de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P, 09230, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Santiago Xolalpa-Molina
- Herbario Medicinal del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Aracely Evangelina Chávez-Piña
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMyH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera, No. 239, Fracc. La Escalera, Ticomán, C.P, 07320, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, C.P, 04510, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental (UMIEZ), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Batalla 5 de mayo esquina Fuerte de Loreto, Ejército de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P, 09230, CDMX, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, C.P, 04510, CDMX, Mexico.
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