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de O Caretta T, I Silveira VA, Andrade G, Macedo F, P C Celligoi MA. Antimicrobial activity of sophorolipids produced by Starmerella bombicola against phytopathogens from cherry tomato. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:1245-1254. [PMID: 34378222 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytopathogenic microorganisms are the main cause of plant diseases, generating significant economic losses for the agricultural and food supply chain. Cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) are very perishable plants and highly demanding in the use of pesticides; therefore, alternative solutions such as biosurfactants have aroused as a potent substituent. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of sophorolipids against the phytopathogens Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. RESULTS The biosurfactant inhibited the mycelial growth in vitro with a minimum concentration of 2 mg mL-1 . The application of sophorolipids at 1, 2 and 4 mg mL-1 in detached leaves of tomato before the inoculation of the fungus B. cinerea was the best treatment, reducing leaf necrosis by up to 76.90%. The use of sophorolipids for washing tomato fruits before the inoculation of B. cinerea was able to inhibit the development of gray mold by up to 96.27%. CONCLUSION The results for tomato leaves and fruits revealed that the biosurfactant acts more effectively when used preventively. Sophorolipids are stable molecules that show promising action for the potential replacement of pesticides in the field and the post-harvest process against the main tomato phytopathogens. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita de O Caretta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Victória A I Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Galdino Andrade
- Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fernando Macedo
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Agboola JO, Mensah DD, Hansen JØ, Lapeña D, Mydland LT, Arntzen MØ, Horn SJ, Øyås O, Press CM, Øverland M. Effects of Yeast Species and Processing on Intestinal Health and Transcriptomic Profiles of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) Fed Soybean Meal-Based Diets in Seawater. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1675. [PMID: 35163597 PMCID: PMC8836103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of yeasts on intestinal health and transcriptomic profiles from the distal intestine and spleen tissue of Atlantic salmon fed SBM-based diets in seawater. Cyberlindnera jadinii (CJ) and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (WA) yeasts were heat-inactivated with spray-drying (ICJ and IWA) or autolyzed at 50 °C for 16 h (ACJ and AWA), followed by spray-drying. Six diets were formulated, one based on fishmeal (FM), a challenging diet with 30% soybean meal (SBM) and four other diets containing 30% SBM and 10% of each of the four yeast fractions (i.e., ICJ, ACJ, IWA and AWA). The inclusion of CJ yeasts reduced the loss of enterocyte supranuclear vacuolization and reduced the population of CD8α labeled cells present in the lamina propria of fish fed the SBM diet. The CJ yeasts controlled the inflammatory responses of fish fed SBM through up-regulation of pathways related to wound healing and taurine metabolism. The WA yeasts dampened the inflammatory profile of fish fed SBM through down-regulation of pathways related to toll-like receptor signaling, C-lectin receptor, cytokine receptor and signal transduction. This study suggests that the yeast species, Cyberlindnera jadinii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus are novel high-quality protein sources with health-beneficial effects in terms of reducing inflammation associated with feeding plant-based diets to Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeleel O. Agboola
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - Dominic D. Mensah
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - Jon Ø. Hansen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - David Lapeña
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Liv T. Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
| | - Magnus Ø. Arntzen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Svein J. Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Ove Øyås
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.L.); (M.Ø.A.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Charles McL. Press
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway;
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (D.D.M.); (J.Ø.H.); (L.T.M.); (O.Ø.)
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Aguirre-Güitrón L, Calderón-Santoyo M, Lagarón JM, Prieto C, Ragazzo-Sánchez JA. Formulation of the biological control yeast Meyerozyma caribbica by electrospraying process: effect on postharvest control of anthracnose in mango (Mangifera indica L.) and papaya (Carica papaya L.). J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:696-706. [PMID: 34173241 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microorganism for biological control of fruit diseases is an eco-friendly alternative to the use of chemical fungicides. RESULTS This is the first study evaluating the electrospraying process to encapsulate the biocontrol yeast Meyerozyma caribbica. The effect of encapsulating material [Wey protein concentrate (WPC), Fibersol® and Trehalose], its concentration and storage temperature on the cell viability of M. caribbica, and in vitro and in vivo control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was evaluated. The processing with commercial resistant maltodextrin (Fibersol®) 30% (w/v) as encapsulating material showed the highest initial cell viability (95.97 ± 1.01%). The storage at 4 ± 1 °C showed lower losses of viability compared to 25 ± 1 °C. Finally, the encapsulated yeast with Fibersol 30% w/v showed inhibitory activity against anthracnose in the in vitro and in vivo tests, similar to yeast fresh cells. CONCLUSION Electrospraying was a highly efficient process due to the high cell viability, and consequently, a low quantity of capsules is required for the postharvest treatment of fruits. Additionally, the yeast retained its antagonistic power during storage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizet Aguirre-Güitrón
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Calderón-Santoyo
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic, Mexico
| | | | - Cristina Prieto
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, IATA-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Arturo Ragazzo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic, Mexico
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Challa K, Seebacher J, Gasser SM. Sucrose gradient chromatin enrichment for quantitative proteomics analysis in budding yeast. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100825. [PMID: 34568845 PMCID: PMC8449121 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a fractionation protocol optimized to quantify changes in relative abundance of the chromatin-bound proteome (chromatome) by tandem mass tag multiplexing-based tandem mass spectrometry. It has been applied to yeast cells before and after exposure to DNA-damaging drugs to characterize changes in chromatin composition induced by the DNA damage response. We detail steps for stringent chromatin fractionation, sample preparation for mass spectrometry, and its evaluation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Challa et al. (2021). Protocol for yeast chromatin-associated proteome isolation and analysis TMT multiplex mass tag labeling of chromatin-bound proteome Sample preparation for mass spectrometry and proteomics data analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Challa
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
| | - Jan Seebacher
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susan M. Gasser
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
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Wang S, Xu Y, Yu XW. Micro-Aqueous Organic System: A Neglected Model in Computational Lipase Design? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060848. [PMID: 34200257 PMCID: PMC8226779 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Water content is an important factor in lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic media but is frequently ignored in the study of lipases by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In this study, Candida antarctica lipase B, Candida rugosa lipase and Rhizopus chinensis lipase were used as research models to explore the mechanisms of lipase in micro-aqueous organic solvent (MAOS) media. MD simulations indicated that lipases in MAOS systems showed unique conformations distinguished from those seen in non-aqueous organic solvent systems. The position of water molecules aggregated on the protein surface in MAOS media is the major determinant of the unique conformations of lipases and particularly impacts the distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids on the lipase surface. Additionally, two maxima were observed in the water-lipase radial distribution function in MAOS systems, implying the formation of two water shells around lipase in these systems. The energy landscapes of lipases along solvent accessible areas of catalytic residues and the minimum energy path indicated the dynamic open states of lipases in MAOS systems differ from those in other solvent environments. This study confirmed the necessity of considering the influence of the microenvironment on MD simulations of lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic media.
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Jiaojiao X, Bin Z, Ruoyu Z, Onyinye AI. Lipase nanogel catalyzed synthesis of vitamin E succinate in non-aqueous phase. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3186-3192. [PMID: 33216351 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve the stability of vitamin E and broaden its scope of application, an effective solution is to convert vitamin E into its derivatives. This work developed a new Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) nanogel based on modification of ionic liquid with vinyl functional groups. This novel CRL nanogel was used in the preparation process of vitamin E succinate based on the principle of non-aqueous enzymology. At the same time, various factors including enzyme concentration, substrate molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time, that affect the yield of vitamin E succinate were optimized and analyzed. RESULTS Different solvents with various hydrophobicity parameters (LogP values) from -1.3 to 3.5 were studied, it was found that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) had the lowest LogP value among organic solvents but vitamin E succinate had the highest yield in DMSO. Furthermore, the effect of different operating conditions, such as molar ratios of substrate, enzyme concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time was studied. Under the optimal process conditions (enzyme concentration 6 mg mL-1 , substrate molar ratio 4:1, reaction temperature 55 °C and reaction time 15 h), the product yield was 62.58 ± 1.16%. CRL and CRL nanogel were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that CRL nanogel influenced the catalytic behavior of lipase significantly by changing the structure and surface properties of CRL. CONCLUSION Novel lipase nanogel was an excellent biocatalyst for enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E succinate. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiaojiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zou Bin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhou Ruoyu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Adesanya I Onyinye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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7
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Arbeitman CR, Auge G, Blaustein M, Bredeston L, Corapi ES, Craig PO, Cossio LA, Dain L, D’Alessio C, Elias F, Fernández NB, Gándola YB, Gasulla J, Gorojovsky N, Gudesblat GE, Herrera MG, Ibañez LI, Idrovo T, Rando MI, Kamenetzky L, Nadra AD, Noseda DG, Paván CH, Pavan MF, Pignataro MF, Roman E, Ruberto LAM, Rubinstein N, Santos J, Velazquez F, Zelada AM. Structural and functional comparison of SARS-CoV-2-spike receptor binding domain produced in Pichia pastoris and mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21779. [PMID: 33311634 PMCID: PMC7732851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Pichia pastoris is a cost-effective and easily scalable system for recombinant protein production. In this work we compared the conformation of the receptor binding domain (RBD) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein expressed in P. pastoris and in the well established HEK-293T mammalian cell system. RBD obtained from both yeast and mammalian cells was properly folded, as indicated by UV-absorption, circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence. They also had similar stability, as indicated by temperature-induced unfolding (observed Tm were 50 °C and 52 °C for RBD produced in P. pastoris and HEK-293T cells, respectively). Moreover, the stability of both variants was similarly reduced when the ionic strength was increased, in agreement with a computational analysis predicting that a set of ionic interactions may stabilize RBD structure. Further characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed a higher heterogeneity of RBD expressed in P. pastoris relative to that produced in HEK-293T cells, which disappeared after enzymatic removal of glycans. The production of RBD in P. pastoris was scaled-up in a bioreactor, with yields above 45 mg/L of 90% pure protein, thus potentially allowing large scale immunizations to produce neutralizing antibodies, as well as the large scale production of serological tests for SARS-CoV-2.
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Junges DSB, Delabeneta MF, Rosseto LRB, Nascimento BL, Paris AP, Persel C, Loth EA, Simão RCG, Menolli RA, Paula CR, Gandra RF. Antibiotic Activity of Wickerhamomyces anomalus Mycocins on Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Microb Ecol 2020; 80:278-285. [PMID: 32072187 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the susceptibility of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii to mycocins produced by Wickerhamomyces anomalus and to verify the cytotoxicity of these compounds. Three culture supernatants of W. anomalus (WA40, WA45, and WA92), containing mycocins (WA40M1, WA45M2, and WA92M3), were tested on A. baumannii using broth microdilution methods, solid medium tests, and cytotoxicity tests in human erythrocytes and in Artemia saline Leach. W. anomalus was able to produce high antimicrobial mycocins, as even at high dilutions, they inhibited A. baumannii. In a solid medium, it was possible to observe the inhibition of A. baumannii, caused by the diffusion of mycocins between agar. Finally, the three supernatants were not cytotoxic when tested on human erythrocytes and Artemia salina. According to the evidence in this study, the mycocins of W. anomalus have been effective and could be used in the development of new antimicrobial substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele S B Junges
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Mateus F Delabeneta
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Lana Rubia B Rosseto
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Bruna L Nascimento
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Paris
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Persel
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Loth
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Rita C G Simão
- Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Menolli
- Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Claudete R Paula
- Faculty of Odontology, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo F Gandra
- Western Paraná University Hospital, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, Paraná, 85806-470, Brazil.
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Gao YQ, Du ST, Xiao J, Wang DC, Han WB, Zhang Q, Gao JM. Isolation and Characterization of Antifungal Metabolites from the Melia azedarach-Associated Fungus Diaporthe eucalyptorum. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:2418-2425. [PMID: 32011876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two biosynthetically related new metabolites, eucalyptacid A (1) and eucalactam B (2), along with six known compounds (3-8), eugenitol (3), cytosporone C (4), 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (5), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol (6), N-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)acetamide (7), and phomopene (8), were isolated from the solid rice cultures of the endophytic fungus Diaporthe eucalyptorum KY-9 that had been isolated from Melia azedarach. Also, two further new derivatives (2a, 2b) were prepared from 2. The structures were elucidated by exhaustive analysis of NMR and ESIMS data and chemical methods such as Marfey's protocol. Compound 1 was identified as a rare polyketide fatty acid, (8E)-3,5,11-trihydroxy-2,10,12-trimethyltetradecenoic acid, and 2 was determined to be the first cyclic depsipeptide containing the same fatty acid unit as 1 and a Gly-Gly-Thr tripeptide chain. Its N-terminal end is N-acylated by an 11-hydroxy fatty acid with a branch alkyl chain of 14:1. The 11-hydroxyl group connects to the carboxylic group of the C-terminal amino acid to form a 22-membered lactone ring. A hypothetical biosynthetic pathway for the new polyketides is proposed. The isolated compounds were assayed for their inhibition against four plant pathogenic fungi, Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Gibberella saubinettii. Compounds 1, 4, 6, and 7 exhibited antifungal activities against Alternaria solani, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values from 6.25 to 50 μM. Thus, strain KY-9 represents an untapped source for the development of biological control agents to prevent the infection of pathogenic fungus A. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qi Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Tian Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Cheng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bo Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , People's Republic of China
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Pârvu M, Moţ CA, Pârvu AE, Mircea C, Stoeber L, Roşca-Casian O, Ţigu AB. Allium sativum Extract Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Antifungal Effect against Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Causing Onychomycosis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213958. [PMID: 31683743 PMCID: PMC6865177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a major health problem due to its chronicity and resistance to therapy. Because some cases associate paronychia, any therapy must target the fungus and the inflammation. Medicinal plants represent an alternative for onychomycosis control. In the present work the antifungal and antioxidant activities of Alium sativum extract against Meyerozyma guilliermondii (Wick.) Kurtzman & M. Suzuki and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (A. Jörg.) F.C. Harrison, isolated for the first time from a toenail onychomycosis case, were investigated. The fungal species were confirmed by DNA molecular analysis. A. sativum minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and ultrastructural effects were examined. At the MIC concentration (120 mg/mL) the micrographs indicated severe structural alterations with cell death. The antioxidant properties of the A. sativum extract were evaluated is a rat turpentine oil induced inflammation, and compared to an anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, and the main compound from the extract, allicin. A. sativum reduced serum total oxidative status, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide production, and increased total thiols. The effects were comparable to those of allicin and diclofenac. In conclusion, the garlic extract had antifungal effects against M. guilliermondii and R. mucilaginosa, and antioxidant effect in turpentine-induced inflammation. Together, the antifungal and antioxidant activities support that A. sativum is a potential alternative treatment in onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Pârvu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cătălin A Moţ
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alina E Pârvu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3 Victor Babeş Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Mircea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Leander Stoeber
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3 Victor Babeş Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Oana Roşca-Casian
- Alexandru-Borza Botanical Garden, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian B Ţigu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 42 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Yu JJ, Holbrook E, Liao YR, Zarnowski R, Andes DR, Wheat LJ, Malo J, Hung CY. Characterization of an Uncinocarpus reesii-expressed recombinant tube precipitin antigen of Coccidioides posadasii for serodiagnosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221228. [PMID: 31412087 PMCID: PMC6693751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early and accurate diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley fever, is critical for appropriate disease treatment and management. Current serodiagnosis is based on the detection of patient serum antibodies that react with tube precipitin (TP) and complement fixation (CF) antigens of Coccidioides. IgM is the first class of antibodies produced by hosts in response to coccidioidal insults. The highly glycosylated β-glucosidase 2 (BGL2) is a major active component of the TP antigen that stimulates IgM antibody responses during early Coccidioides infection. The predominant IgM epitope on BGL2 is a unique 3-O-methyl-mannose moiety that is not produced by commonly used protein expression systems. We genetically engineered and expressed a recombinant BGL2 (rBGL2ur), derived from Coccidioides, in non-pathogenic Uncinocarpus reesii, a fungus phylogenetically related to the Coccidioides pathogen. The rBGL2ur protein was purified from the culture medium of transformed U. reesii by nickel affinity chromatography, and the presence of 3-O-methyl mannose was demonstrated by gas chromatography. Seroreactivity of the purified rBGL2ur protein was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using sera from 90 patients with coccidioidomycosis and 134 control individuals. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay with rBGL2ur were 78.8% and 87.3%, respectively. These results were comparable to those obtained using a proprietary MiraVista Diagnostic (MVD) IgM (63.3% sensitivity; 96.3% specificity), but significantly better than the ID-TP assay using non-concentrated patient sera (33.3% sensitivity; 100% specificity). Expression of rBGL2ur in U. reesii retains its antigenicity for coccidioidomycosis serodiagnosis and greatly reduces biosafety concerns for antigen production, as Coccidioides spp. are biological safety level 3 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieh-Juen Yu
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Disease and Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric Holbrook
- MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yu-Rou Liao
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Disease and Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert Zarnowski
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David R. Andes
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - L. Joseph Wheat
- MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joshua Malo
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Chiung-Yu Hung
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Disease and Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Lai YT, Cheng KC, Lai CN, Lai YJ. Isolation and identification of aroma producing strain with esterification capacity from yellow water. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211356. [PMID: 30763353 PMCID: PMC6375555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaoliang is a refreshing fragranced type of Chinese spirits with slight apple fragrance that comes from ethyl acetate (EA). Special aromas are produced by esterification microorganisms, which affect the taste and quality of the wine. In this study, new yeast strains were isolated from yellow water, a by-product during fermentation process. Meanwhile, the optimal culture condition was determined for its growth and EA production. Three new strains, Kazachstaniaexigua, Candida humilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were identified from yellow water. Among these strains, S. cerevisiae S5 was the new and dominant strain. Results from response surface methodology showed that S. cerevisiae S5 produced 161.88 ppm of EA, in the medium with 4.91% yeast extract, 9.82% peptone, and 20.91% glucose after 96 hours of cultivation at 27.53°C. GC analysis showed that aroma compounds, such as EA, isoamyl acetate and 2-phenylethanol increased from the sample of optimal condition when compared to the one from initial fermentation condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Tso Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Nuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jang Lai
- Department of Food Science, National Quemoy University, Kinmen, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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13
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Olajuyigbe FM, Adetuyi OY, Fatokun CO. Characterization of free and immobilized laccase from Cyberlindnera fabianii and application in degradation of bisphenol A. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:856-864. [PMID: 30557644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recovery difficulty and inactivation of laccases are major challenges that hamper their application in biotechnology. In this study, laccase was purified from Cyberlindnera fabianii using ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography with homogeneity confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purified laccase of 52 kDa was immobilized on calcium and copper alginate beads by entrapment method. Free and immobilized enzymes were characterized, and efficiency of bisphenol A (BPA) degradation was determined. pH optima for free and immobilized laccases were 5.0 and 6.0, respectively. Ca and Cu alginate immobilized laccase (Ca-AIL and Cu-AIL) had optimum activity at 60 °C and 50 °C, respectively while free laccase (FL) was at 40 °C. Km and Vmax of FL, Ca-AIL and Cu-AIL were 0.032 mM and 15 mM/min, 0.078 mM and 6.98 mM/min, and 0.091 mM and 5.61 mM/min, respectively. Remarkably, immobilized laccases had higher operational stability than FL over 21 d at 4°C. Reusability of immobilized laccase was effective for 3 cycles with residual activity above 70%. Notably, Ca-AIL and Cu-AIL exhibited 71% and 65.5% BPA degradation efficiency on 14 d. Results reveal good kinetic parameters, improved thermal stability and enhanced reusability of immobilized laccase from C. fabianii with potentials for various industrial applications and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folasade M Olajuyigbe
- Enzyme Biotechnology and Environmental Health Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwafijimi Y Adetuyi
- Enzyme Biotechnology and Environmental Health Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Cornelius O Fatokun
- Enzyme Biotechnology and Environmental Health Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Ondo State, Nigeria
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14
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Babcock T, Borden J, Gries R, Carroll C, Moore M, Gries G. Lachancea thermotolerans, a Yeast Symbiont of Yellowjackets, Enhances Attraction of Three Yellowjacket Species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) to Fruit Powder. Environ Entomol 2018; 47:1553-1559. [PMID: 30239659 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that the symbiotic yeast Lachancea thermotolerans (Filippov) (Saccharomycetales: Saccharomycetaceae) is attractive to its Vespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) yellowjacket hosts when grown on media supplemented with grape juice. We hypothesized that "Concerto", a commercial strain of this yeast, could be combined with fruit powder to form a shelf-stable bait for trapping yellowjackets. Using molecular techniques, we first confirmed that Concerto yeast is indeed the species L. thermotolerans. We then tested whether: 1) Concerto yeast produces volatiles similar to those produced by L. thermotolerans isolated from yellowjackets, 2) Concerto yeast enhances attraction of yellowjackets to fruit powder, 3) a Concerto yeast/fruit powder bait interacts synergistically with a yellowjacket semiochemical lure, and 4) a synthetic analog blend of Concerto-produced volatiles attracts yellowjackets. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that the chemical composition of Concerto-produced volatiles closely resembles that produced by a yellowjacket-isolated strain of L. thermotolerans. In field experiments, addition of Concerto to fruit powder doubled its attractiveness to yellowjackets. Addition of the Concerto/fruit powder bait to a heptyl butyrate-based wasp lure revealed a weak additive effect. A three-component synthetic analog blend of volatiles identified from the Concerto/fruit powder bait attracted Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure), but no other yellowjacket species. Our results suggest that commercial L. thermotolerans in combination with fruit powder could be used as a yellowjacket bait, and that addition of yeast-produced volatiles to a commercial wasp lure may improve its attractiveness to V. pensylvanica. Further research should determine why the synthetic volatile blend failed to attract Vespula species other than V. pensylvanica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Babcock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - John Borden
- JHB Consulting, 6552 Carnegie Street, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Regine Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Cassandra Carroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Margo Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Gerhard Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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15
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Asri M, El Ghachtouli N, Elabed S, Ibnsouda Koraichi S, Elabed A, Silva B, Tavares T. Wicherhamomyces anomalus biofilm supported on wood husk for chromium wastewater treatment. J Hazard Mater 2018; 359:554-562. [PMID: 30114632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A Wickeramomyces anomalus biofilm supported on wood husk was used to remediate water bodies contaminated with chromium (Cr), in batch and open systems. The favorable adhesion ability of the chromium-resistant yeast strain on the wood husk was predicted by XDLVO theory and confirmed by environmental scanning electronic microscopy. The chromium decontamination was then optimized in a batch mode using a central composite design (CCD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.93-0.91 for Cr(VI) and total Cr removal, respectively, ensuring a satisfactory fitting of the second-order regression model to the experimental data. In batch system, the concentration of biomass exhibited the minimal effect on the process. An acidic pH of 3.72 and 5.48, an initial chromium concentration of 10 and 16.91 mg/L and a support dose of 6.95 and 8.20 g/L were optimal for Cr(VI) and total Cr removal, respectively. The breakthrough curves were determined in open system for different initial chromium concentrations. The study of glucose concentration effect on the yeast extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production showed that a medium exempt of glucose allowed maximal EPS production and minimal chromium removal efficiency, while 20 g/L glucose concentration of presented the optimal condition for chromium removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Asri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco
| | - Naïma El Ghachtouli
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco.
| | - Soumya Elabed
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco
| | - Saad Ibnsouda Koraichi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco; Centre Universitaire Régional d'Interface, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco
| | - Alae Elabed
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Morocco
| | - Bruna Silva
- CEB-IBB- Centre of Biological Engineering, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Tavares
- CEB-IBB- Centre of Biological Engineering, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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16
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Jiang L, Wang L, Fang T, Papadopoulos V. Disruption of ergosterol and tryptophan biosynthesis, as well as cell wall integrity pathway and the intracellular pH homeostasis, lead to mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate toxicity in budding yeast. Chemosphere 2018; 206:643-654. [PMID: 29783050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances in the environment, food, and consumer products that interfere with hormone homeostasis, metabolism or reproduction in humans and animals. One such EDC, the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), exerts its function through its principal bioactive metabolite, mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP). To fully understand the effects of MEHP on cellular processes and metabolism as well as to assess the impact of genetic alteration on the susceptibility to MEHP-induced toxicity, we screened MEHP-sensitive mutations on a genome-scale in the eukaryotic model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identified a total of 96 chemical-genetic interactions between MEHP and gene mutations in this study. In response to MEHP treatment, most of these gene mutants accumulated higher intracellular MEHP content, which correlated with their MEHP sensitivity. Twenty-seven of these genes are involved in the metabolism, twenty-two of them play roles in protein sorting, and ten of them regulate ion homeostasis. Functional categorization of these genes indicated that the biosynthetic pathways of both ergosterol and tryptophan, as well as cell wall integrity and the intracellular pH homeostasis, were involved in the protective response of yeast cells to the MEHP toxicity. Our study demonstrated that a collection of yeast gene deletion mutants is useful for a functional toxicogenomic analysis of EDCs, which could provide important clues to the effects of EDCs on higher eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghuo Jiang
- Laboratory for Yeast Molecular and Cell Biology, The Research Center of Fermentation Technology, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China.
| | - Litong Wang
- Laboratory for Yeast Molecular and Cell Biology, The Research Center of Fermentation Technology, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Tianshu Fang
- Laboratory for Yeast Molecular and Cell Biology, The Research Center of Fermentation Technology, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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17
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Guo LX, Zhang GW, Wang JT, Zhong YP, Huang ZG. Determination of Arsenic Species in Ophiocordyceps sinensis from Major Habitats in China by HPLC-ICP-MS and the Edible Hazard Assessment. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051012. [PMID: 29701658 PMCID: PMC6100492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to determine the concentration and distribution of arsenic (As) species in Ophiocordyceps sinensis (O. sinensis), and to assess its edible hazard for long term consumption. The total arsenic concentrations, measured through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ranged from 4.00 mg/kg to 5.25 mg/kg. As determined by HPLC-ICP-MS, the most concerning arsenic species—AsB, MMAV, DMAV, AsV, and AsШ—were either not detected (MMAV and DMAV) or were detected as minor As species (AsB: 1.4⁻2.9%; AsV: 1.3⁻3.2%, and AsШ: 4.1⁻6.0%). The major components were a cluster of unknown organic As (uAs) compounds with AsШ, which accounted for 91.7⁻94.0% of the As content. Based on the H₂O₂ test and the chromatography behavior, it can be inferred that, the uAs might not be toxic organic As. Estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and cancer risk (CR) caused by the total As content; the sum of inorganic As (iAs) and uAs, namely i+uAs; and iAs exposure from long term O. sinensis consumption were calculated and evaluated through equations from the US Environmental Protection Agency and the uncertainties were analyzed by Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS). EDItotal As and EDIi+uAs are approximately ten times more than EDIiAs; HQtotalAs and HQi+uAs > 1 while HQiAs < 1; and CRtotal As and CRi+uAs > 1 × 10−4 while CRiAs < 1 × 10−4. Thus, if the uAs is non-toxic, there is no particular risk to local consumers and the carcinogenic risk is acceptable for consumption of O. sinensis because the concentration of toxic iAs is very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Xian Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Gui-Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Jia-Ting Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Yue-Ping Zhong
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Huang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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18
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Qi Q, Yang WJ, Zhou HJ, Ming DM, Sun KL, Xu TY, Hu XJ, Lv H. The structure of a complex of the lactonohydrolase zearalenone hydrolase with the hydrolysis product of zearalenone at 1.60 Å resolution. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:376-381. [PMID: 28695844 PMCID: PMC5505240 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17007713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone hydrolase (ZHD) is an α/β-hydrolase that detoxifies and degrades the lactone zearalenone (ZEN), a naturally occurring oestrogenic mycotoxin that contaminates crops. Several apoenzyme and enzyme-substrate complex structures have been reported in the resolution range 2.4-2.6 Å. However, the properties and mechanism of this enzyme are not yet fully understood. Here, a 1.60 Å resolution structure of a ZHD-product complex is reported which was determined from a C-terminally His6-tagged ZHD crystal soaked with 2 mM ZEN for 30 min. It shows that after the lactone-bond cleavage, the phenol-ring region moves closer to residues Leu132, Tyr187 and Pro188, while the lactone-ring region barely moves. Comparisons of the ZHD-substrate and ZHD-product structures show that the hydrophilic interactions change, especially Trp183 Nℇ1, which shifts from contacting O2 to O12', suggesting that Trp183 is responsible for the unidirectional translational movement of the phenol ring. This structure provides information on the final stage of the catalytic mechanism of zearalenone hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu-Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deng-Ming Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai-Lei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
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Flores M, Moncunill D, Montero R, López-Díez JJ, Belloch C. Screening of Debaryomyces hansenii Strains for Flavor Production under a Reduced Concentration of Nitrifying Preservatives Used in Meat Products. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:3900-3909. [PMID: 28447463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 15 Debaryomyces hansenii strains from different food origins were genetically characterized and tested on a culture medium resembling the composition of fermented sausages but different concentrations of nitrifying preservatives. Genetic typing of the D. hansenii strains revealed two levels of discrimination: isolation source or strain specific. Different abilities to proliferate on culture media containing different concentrations of nitrate and nitrite, as sole nitrogen sources and in the presence of amino acids, were observed within D. hansenii strains. Overall metabolism of amino acids and generation of aroma compounds were related to the strain origin of isolation. The best producers of branched aldehydes and ethyl ester compounds were strains isolated from pork sausages. Strains from cheese and llama sausages were good producers of ester compounds and branched alcohols, while vegetable strains produced mainly acid compounds. Nitrate and nitrite reduction affected in different ways the production of volatiles by D. hansenii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Flores
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Moncunill
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Montero
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Javier López-Díez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmela Belloch
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Huang LH, Chen YX, Yu JC, Yuan J, Li HJ, Ma WZ, Watanapokasin R, Hu KC, Niaz SI, Yang DP, Lan WJ. Secondary Metabolites from the Marine-Derived Fungus Dichotomomyces sp. L-8 and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030444. [PMID: 28287456 PMCID: PMC6155177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-guided isolation of the secondary metabolites from the fungus Dichotomomyces sp. L-8 associated with the soft coral Lobophytum crassum led to the discovery of two new compounds, dichotones A and B (1 and 2), together with four known compounds including dichotocejpin C (3), bis-N-norgliovictin (4), bassiatin (5) and (3R,6R)-bassiatin (6). The structures of these compounds were determined by 1D, 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. (3R,6R)-bassiatin (6) displayed significant cytotoxic activities against the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435 and the human lung cancer cell line Calu3 with IC50 values of 7.34 ± 0.20 and 14.54 ± 0.01 μM, respectively, while bassiatin (5), the diastereomer of compound 6, was not cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yan-Xiu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jian-Chen Yu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jie Yuan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hou-Jin Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Wen-Zhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa 519020, Macau (SAR), China.
| | - Ramida Watanapokasin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
| | - Kun-Chao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shah Iram Niaz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, D.I.Khan 29050, Pakistan.
| | - De-Po Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wen-Jian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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21
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Lo YT, Huang HW, Huang YC, Chan JF, Hsu YHH. Elucidation of tRNA-cytochrome c interactions through hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2017; 1865:539-546. [PMID: 28242466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (cyt c) is a mitochondrial protein responsible for transferring electrons between electron transport chain complexes III and IV. The release of cyt c from the mitochondria has been considered as a commitment step in intrinsic apoptosis. Transfer RNA (tRNA) has recently been found to interact with the released cyt c to prevent the formation of the apoptosome complex, thus preventing cell apoptosis. To understand the molecular basis of tRNA-cyt c interactions, we applied hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDXMS) to analyze the interactions between tRNA and cyt c. tRNAPhe binding to cyt c reduced the deuteration level of cyt c in all analyzed regions, indicating that tRNA binding blocks the solvent-accessible regions and results in the formation of a more compact conformation. Substitution of the tRNAPhe with the total tRNA from brewer's yeast in the HDXMS experiment significantly reduced deuteration in the N-terminus and the region 18-32 residue of cyt c, where all tRNAs are bound. To clarify the cause of binding, we used synthesized single-stranded oligonucleotides of 12-mer dA and dT to form complexes with cyt c. The exchange of the nucleotide bases between adenine and thymine did not affect the deuteration level of cyt c. However, the regions 1-10 and 65-82 showed minor decreases after unstructured dA or dT DNA binding. Collectively, these results reveal that cyt c maintains its globular structure to interact with tRNA. The region 18-32 selectively interacts with tRNA, and N-terminal 1-10 interacts with oligonucleotides electrostatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lo
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fen Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Howard Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Biological Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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22
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Siddiqui M, Ahmad MS, Wahab AT, Yousuf S, Fatima N, Naveed Shaikh N, Rahman AU, Choudhary MI. Biotransformation of a potent anabolic steroid, mibolerone, with Cunninghamella blakesleeana, C. echinulata, and Macrophomina phaseolina, and biological activity evaluation of its metabolites. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171476. [PMID: 28234904 PMCID: PMC5325191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven metabolites were obtained from the microbial transformation of anabolic-androgenic steroid mibolerone (1) with Cunninghamella blakesleeana, C. echinulata, and Macrophomina phaseolina. Their structures were determined as 10β,17β-dihydroxy-7α,17α-dimethylestr-4-en-3-one (2), 6β,17β-dihydroxy-7α,17α-dimethylestr-4-en-3-one (3), 6β,10β,17β-trihydroxy-7α,17α-dimethylestr-4-en-3-one (4), 11β,17β-dihydroxy-(20-hydroxymethyl)-7α,17α-dimethylestr-4-en-3-one (5), 1α,17β-dihydroxy-7α,17α-dimethylestr-4-en-3-one (6), 1α,11β,17β-trihydroxy-7α,17α-dimethylestr-4-en-3-one (7), and 11β,17β-dihydroxy-7α,17α-dimethylestr-4-en-3-one (8), on the basis of spectroscopic studies. All metabolites, except 8, were identified as new compounds. This study indicates that C. blakesleeana, and C. echinulata are able to catalyze hydroxylation at allylic positions, while M. phaseolina can catalyze hydroxylation of CH2 and CH3 groups of substrate 1. Mibolerone (1) was found to be a moderate inhibitor of β-glucuronidase enzyme (IC50 = 42.98 ± 1.24 μM) during random biological screening, while its metabolites 2–4, and 8 were found to be inactive. Mibolerone (1) was also found to be significantly active against Leishmania major promastigotes (IC50 = 29.64 ± 0.88 μM). Its transformed products 3 (IC50 = 79.09 ± 0.06 μM), and 8 (IC50 = 70.09 ± 0.05 μM) showed a weak leishmanicidal activity, while 2 and 4 were found to be inactive. In addition, substrate 1 (IC50 = 35.7 ± 4.46 μM), and its metabolite 8 (IC50 = 34.16 ± 5.3 μM) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cell line (human cervical carcinoma). Metabolite 2 (IC50 = 46.5 ± 5.4 μM) also showed a significant cytotoxicity, while 3 (IC50 = 107.8 ± 4.0 μM) and 4 (IC50 = 152.5 ± 2.15 μM) showed weak cytotoxicity against HeLa cancer cell line. Compound 1 (IC50 = 46.3 ± 11.7 μM), and its transformed products 2 (IC50 = 43.3 ± 7.7 μM), 3 (IC50 = 65.6 ± 2.5 μM), and 4 (IC50 = 89.4 ± 2.7 μM) were also found to be moderately toxic to 3T3 cell line (mouse fibroblast). Interestingly, metabolite 8 showed no cytotoxicity against 3T3 cell line. Compounds 1–4, and 8 were also evaluated for inhibition of tyrosinase, carbonic anhydrase, and α-glucosidase enzymes, and all were found to be inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish Siddiqui
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Malik Shoaib Ahmad
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Atia-tul- Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Narjis Fatima
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Naveed Shaikh
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Atta-ur- Rahman
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Cdc42 is a small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) that plays a central role in polarity development in diverse cell types. Since the activity of Cdc42 is dynamically controlled in time and space, it is required to develop a biosensor to monitor its activation in vivo. In this chapter, we describe the construction and usage of a simple and robust biosensor for monitoring active Cdc42 in budding yeast. This affinity-based biosensor uses a red fluorescent protein fused to a Cdc42- and Rac-interactive binding motif from one of the Cdc42 effector proteins. Because it binds specifically to the GTP-bound Cdc42, this biosensor can be used to monitor Cdc42 activation in vivo. This or similar biosensors can be widely used for studying GTPase signaling in other cell types because of the conserved CRIB motif present among GTPase targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okada
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mid Eum Lee
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Erfei Bi
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Hay-Oak Park
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Zhao L, Kim JC, Paik MJ, Lee W, Hur JS. A Multifunctional and Possible Skin UV Protectant, (3R)-5-Hydroxymellein, Produced by an Endolichenic Fungus Isolated from Parmotrema austrosinense. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010026. [PMID: 28035958 PMCID: PMC6155896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens are considered a great bio-resource because they produce large numbers of secondary metabolites with many biological activities; however, they have not been cultivated under artificial conditions to date. As a result, lichen substances from natural sources are limited and have not been widely utilized in commercial applications. Accordingly, interest in lichen-associated fungi, especially endogenic fungi, has increased. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight is harmful to human health, resulting in demand for effective UV filtering agents for use in sunscreen. In this study, we purified (3R)-5-hydroxymellein, which has UVA absorption activity, from the secondary metabolites of an endolichenic fungus (ELF000039). The antioxidant properties were then assessed by in vitro tests. The antioxidant activity of (3R)-5-hydroxymellein was high when compared to the recognized antioxidants ascorbic acid (ASA) and butyl hydroxyl anisole (BHA). Moreover, the compound exhibited no cytotoxicity toward mouse melanoma cell lines, B16F1 and B16F10, or the normal cell line, HaCaT. Furthermore, (3R)-5-hydroxymellein recovered the damage caused by UVB irradiation and inhibited melanin synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that (3R)-5-hydroxymellein could have an interesting and vital profile to go further development as a multifunctional skin UV protectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
| | - Wonjae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea.
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25
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Eisenreichova A, Klima M, Boura E. Crystal structures of a yeast 14-3-3 protein from Lachancea thermotolerans in the unliganded form and bound to a human lipid kinase PI4KB-derived peptide reveal high evolutionary conservation. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:799-803. [PMID: 27827352 PMCID: PMC5101580 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16015053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins bind phosphorylated binding partners to regulate several of their properties, including enzymatic activity, stability and subcellular localization. Here, two crystal structures are presented: the crystal structures of the 14-3-3 protein (also known as Bmh1) from the yeast Lachancea thermotolerans in the unliganded form and bound to a phosphopeptide derived from human PI4KB (phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase B). The structures demonstrate the high evolutionary conservation of ligand recognition by 14-3-3 proteins. The structural analysis suggests that ligand recognition by 14-3-3 proteins evolved very early in the evolution of eukaryotes and remained conserved, underlying the importance of 14-3-3 proteins in physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Eisenreichova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Klima
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Boura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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26
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Paris AP, Persel C, Serafin CF, de Cássia Garcia Simão R, Gandra RF. Susceptibility of Candida albicans Isolated from Blood to Wickerhamomyces anomalous Mycocins. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:878-884. [PMID: 27638312 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of infections caused by Candida albicans in developed and developing countries and their resistance to some available antifungal drugs have been viewed as causing a great problem to human health worldwide. In order to find new researched molecules, there are some mycoses secreted by yeasts, especially mycocins produced by Wickerhamomyces anomalus with a broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity. Thus, this trial aimed at evaluating mycocins' activity obtained from environmental W. anomalus cell wall compared to thirty C. albicans strains isolated from blood. Mycocins were extracted from cell walls of three W. anomalus strains (WA40, WA45, and WA92). The 400 μg mL-1 concentration of WA40M1, WA45M2, and WA92M3 mycocin extracts showed the following respective activity results: 96.6, 96.6, and 90.0 % C. albicans strains. WA45M2 and WA92M3 mycocin extracts showed some activity in 3.3 % of C. albicans strains at 50 μg mL-1 concentration. Mycocins extracted from cell walls of three W. anomalus strains named as WA40, WA45, and WA92 showed antifungal activity compared to C. albicans and low degree of hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Paris
- Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná,Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná-UNIOESTE, Av. Tancredo Neves, 3224, Cascavel, PR, 85806-470, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Persel
- Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná,Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná-UNIOESTE, Av. Tancredo Neves, 3224, Cascavel, PR, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Cleber Fernando Serafin
- Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná,Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná-UNIOESTE, Av. Tancredo Neves, 3224, Cascavel, PR, 85806-470, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Garcia Simão
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Ferreira Gandra
- Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná,Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná-UNIOESTE, Av. Tancredo Neves, 3224, Cascavel, PR, 85806-470, Brazil
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27
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Sipiczki M, Pfliegler WP, Safar SVB, Morais PB, Rosa CA. Metahyphopichia laotica gen. nov., sp. nov., a polymorphic yeast related to Hyphopichia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:2550-2557. [PMID: 27088571 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Four strains alternating between yeast and filamentous growth morphologies were isolated from flowers in two regions of Laos. In liquid environment the isolates propagated by budding and developed irregularly shaped pseudohyphae. On solid media, their yeast cells switched to hyphal growth which could return to the yeast phase by developing lateral blastoconidia. The sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) 26S rRNA genes, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the small subunit (SSU) 18S rRNA genes were identical in the four strains and differed from the corresponding sequences of other yeast species available in databases by at least 11 % (D1/D2), 13 % (ITS) and 7 % (SSU). In an independent project, two strains with D1/D2 and ITS sequences very similar to those of the Laotian strains were found in bark samples collected in Brazil. The six strains also differed from the closest yeast species in physiological properties, indicating that they represented a hitherto undescribed species. Phylogenetic analysis of the D1/D2 sequences, and the concatenated sequences of the SSU rRNA genes, D1/D2 domains of LSU rRNA genes as well as the protein-encoding genes ACT1 and TEF1 placed thestrains close to Hyphopichia. To reflect this position, the novel genus name Metahyphopichia gen. nov. and the novel species name Metahyphopichia laotica gen. nov., sp. nov. are proposed for them. The type strain of the type species is 11-1006T(=CBS 13022T=CCY 092-001-001T=NCAIM Y.02126T) and was isolated in Luang Prabang (Laos). MycoBank registration numbers are MB 808253 (Metahyphopichia) and MB 808254 (Metahyphopichia laotica).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Sipiczki
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Walter P Pfliegler
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Silvana V B Safar
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paula B Morais
- Laboratorio de Microbiologia Ambiental e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO 77020-220, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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28
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Cui J, Guo T, Chao J, Wang M, Wang J. Potential of the Endophytic Fungus Phialocephala fortinii Rac56 Found in Rhodiola Plants to Produce Salidroside and p-Tyrosol. Molecules 2016; 21:502. [PMID: 27092483 PMCID: PMC6273359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ehyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (salidroside) and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol (p-tyrosol) are famous food and medicine additives originally derived from alpine Rhodiola plants. Salidroside or p-tyrosol production by the endophytic fungus Rac56 (Phialocephala fortinii) was confirmed by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS and ¹H-NMR. The fermentation conditions were optimized by orthogonal design using data processing system software. The broth fermentation results showed that salidroside and p-tyrosol extraction yields from Rac56 were stable and reached 1.729 ± 0.06 mg and 1.990 ± 0.05 mg per mL of culture medium, respectively. The optimal conditions for salidroside and p-tyrosol production in fermentation culture of Rac56 were determined to be 25 °C, pH values of 7 and 5, Czapek-Dox culture medium volumes of 150 mL and 50 mL in 250 mL flasks, rotation speeds of 100× g and 200× g, and fermentation durations of 7 and 15 days, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, stable yields of 2.339 ± 0.1093 mg and 2.002 ± 0.0009 mg per mL of culture medium of salidroside and p-tyrosol, respectively, were obtained, indicating that the P. fortinii Rac56 strain is a promising source of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Cui
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Tingting Guo
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Jianbin Chao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Mengliang Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Junhong Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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29
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Zhao DL, Shao CL, Wang CY, Wang M, Yang LJ, Wang CY. Naphthalenones and Depsidones from a Sponge-Derived Strain of the Fungus Corynespora cassiicola. Molecules 2016; 21:160. [PMID: 26828473 PMCID: PMC6273126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new naphthalenones, corynenones A and B (1 and 2), and one new depsidone, corynesidone E (3), together with one known depsidone, corynesidone A (4) and two known diphenyl ethers, corynethers A (5) and B (6), were isolated from the sponge-derived fungus Corynespora cassiicola XS-20090I7. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compounds 4 and 5 showed cytotoxicity against human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 and human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chao-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Lu-Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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30
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Banjara N, Nickerson KW, Suhr MJ, Hallen-Adams HE. Killer toxin from several food-derived Debaryomyces hansenii strains effective against pathogenic Candida yeasts. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 222:23-9. [PMID: 26828815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Candida yeasts are the dominant fungi in the healthy human microbiome, but are well-known for causing disease following a variety of perturbations. Evaluation of fungal populations from the healthy human gut revealed a significant negative correlation between the foodborne yeast, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Candida species. D. hansenii is reported to produce killer toxins (mycocins) effective against other yeast species. In order to better understand this phenomenon, a collection of 42 D. hansenii isolates was obtained from 22 cheeses and evaluated for killer activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis over a range of temperatures and pH values. Twenty three strains demonstrated killer activity against both C. albicans and C. tropicalis, which was pH- and temperature-dependent, with no killer activity observed for any strain at pH6.5 or higher, or at ≥ 35 °C (physiological conditions in the human gastrointestinal tract). A cell-free mycocin preparation showed transient killer activity against C. albicans at 35 °C and a cheese sample containing a killer D. hansenii strain demonstrated sustained killer activity against both C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Together, these observations raise the possibility that D. hansenii could influence Candida populations in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabaraj Banjara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 North 21st St, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA
| | - Kenneth W Nickerson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE 68588-0665, USA
| | - Mallory J Suhr
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 North 21st St, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA
| | - Heather E Hallen-Adams
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1901 North 21st St, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA.
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31
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Zhang H, Elbaum-Garfinkle S, Langdon EM, Taylor N, Occhipinti P, Bridges AA, Brangwynne CP, Gladfelter AS. RNA Controls PolyQ Protein Phase Transitions. Mol Cell 2016; 60:220-30. [PMID: 26474065 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Compartmentalization in cells is central to the spatial and temporal control of biochemistry. In addition to membrane-bound organelles, membrane-less compartments form partitions in cells. Increasing evidence suggests that these compartments assemble through liquid-liquid phase separation. However, the spatiotemporal control of their assembly, and how they maintain distinct functional and physical identities, is poorly understood. We have previously shown an RNA-binding protein with a polyQ-expansion called Whi3 is essential for the spatial patterning of cyclin and formin transcripts in cytosol. Here, we show that specific mRNAs that are known physiological targets of Whi3 drive phase separation. mRNA can alter the viscosity of droplets, their propensity to fuse, and the exchange rates of components with bulk solution. Different mRNAs impart distinct biophysical properties of droplets, indicating mRNA can bring individuality to assemblies. Our findings suggest that mRNAs can encode not only genetic information but also the biophysical properties of phase-separated compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Shana Elbaum-Garfinkle
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Erin M Langdon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Nicole Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Patricia Occhipinti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Andrew A Bridges
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Clifford P Brangwynne
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Amy S Gladfelter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Lawrimore J, Aicher JK, Hahn P, Fulp A, Kompa B, Vicci L, Falvo M, Taylor RM, Bloom K. ChromoShake: a chromosome dynamics simulator reveals that chromatin loops stiffen centromeric chromatin. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:153-66. [PMID: 26538024 PMCID: PMC4694754 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-08-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ChromoShake is a three-dimensional simulator designed to find the thermodynamically favored states for given chromosome geometries. The simulator has been applied to a geometric model based on experimentally determined positions and fluctuations of DNA and the distribution of cohesin and condensin in the budding yeast centromere. Simulations of chromatin in differing initial configurations reveal novel principles for understanding the structure and function of a eukaryotic centromere. The entropic position of DNA loops mirrors their experimental position, consistent with their radial displacement from the spindle axis. The barrel-like distribution of cohesin complexes surrounding the central spindle in metaphase is a consequence of the size of the DNA loops within the pericentromere to which cohesin is bound. Linkage between DNA loops of different centromeres is requisite to recapitulate experimentally determined correlations in DNA motion. The consequences of radial loops and cohesin and condensin binding are to stiffen the DNA along the spindle axis, imparting an active function to the centromere in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Lawrimore
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Joseph K Aicher
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Patrick Hahn
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Alyona Fulp
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Ben Kompa
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Leandra Vicci
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Michael Falvo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Russell M Taylor
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Kerry Bloom
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
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Chen YM, Yang YH, Li XN, Zou C, Zhao PJ. Diterpenoids from the Endophytic Fungus Botryosphaeria sp. P483 of the Chinese Herbal Medicine Huperzia serrata. Molecules 2015; 20:16924-32. [PMID: 26393542 PMCID: PMC6331882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new tetranorlabdane diterpenoids, named botryosphaerins G (1) and H (2), were isolated from the solid fermentation products of Botryosphaeria sp. P483 along with seven known tetranorlabdane diterpenes (3-9). Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). Their absolute configuration was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses using the anomalous scattering of Cu Kα radiation. All of the isolated compounds were tested for activity against phytopathogenic fungi and nematodes. Compounds 2 and 3 showed antifungal activity and compound 2 showed weak nematicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yin-He Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Cheng Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Pei-Ji Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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Chang CP, Chang CY, Lee YH, Lin YS, Wang CC. Divergent Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase Genes of Vanderwaltozyma polyspora Descended from a Common Ancestor through Whole-Genome Duplication Followed by Asymmetric Evolution. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2242-53. [PMID: 25896914 PMCID: PMC4456443 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00018-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms of a eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) are generally encoded by two distinct nuclear genes, one of eukaryotic origin and the other of mitochondrial origin. However, in most known yeasts, only the mitochondrial-origin alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) gene is retained and plays a dual-functional role. Here, we present a novel scenario of AlaRS evolution in the yeast Vanderwaltozyma polyspora. V. polyspora possesses two significantly diverged AlaRS gene homologues, one encoding the cytoplasmic form and the other its mitochondrial counterpart. Clever selection of transcription and translation initiation sites enables the two isoforms to be localized and thus functional in their respective cellular compartments. However, the two isoforms can also be stably expressed and function in the reciprocal compartments by insertion or removal of a mitochondrial targeting signal. Synteny and phylogeny analyses revealed that the AlaRS homologues of V. polyspora arose from a dual-functional common ancestor through whole-genome duplication (WGD). Moreover, the mitochondrial form had higher synonymous (1.6-fold) and nonsynonymous (2.8-fold) substitution rates than did its cytoplasmic counterpart, presumably due to a lesser constraint imposed on components of the mitochondrial translational apparatus. Our study suggests that asymmetric evolution confers the divergence between the AlaRS paralogues of V. polyspora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Pei Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jungli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jungli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jungli, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shin Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chia Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jungli, Taiwan
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Abstract
Introns in protein-coding genes are very rare in hemiascomycetous yeast genomes. It has been suggested that these species have experienced extensive intron loss during their evolution from the postulated intron-rich fungal ancestor. However, no intron-devoid yeast species have been identified and some of the introns remaining within the genomes of intron-poor species, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, appear to be beneficial during growth under stress conditions. In order to reveal the pattern of intron retention within intron-poor yeast species and better understand the mechanisms of intron evolution, we generated a comprehensive set of 250 orthologous introns in the 20 species that comprise the Saccharomycetaceae, by analyzing RNA deep-sequencing data and alignments of intron-containing genes. Analysis of these intron sets shows that intron loss is at least two orders of magnitude more frequent than intron gain. Fine mapping of intron positions shows that intron sliding is rare, and that introns are almost always removed without changing the primary sequence of the encoded protein. The latter finding is consistent with the prevailing view that homologous recombination between reverse-transcribed mature mRNAs and the corresponding genomic locus is the primary mechanism of intron loss. However, we also find evidence that loss of a small number of introns is mediated by micro-homology, and that the number of intron losses is diminished in yeast species that have lost the microhomology end joining and nonhomologous end joining machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna B. Hooks
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- U1053 INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniela Delneri
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Griffiths-Jones
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Corresponding author: E-mail:
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Avtonomova AV, Krasnopolskaya LM, Shuktueva MI, Isakova EB, Bukhman VM. [Assessment of Antitumor Effect of Submerged Culture of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris]. Antibiot Khimioter 2015; 60:14-17. [PMID: 26863737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris metabolites showed a high potential in the treatment of tumors as well as some other diseases. Antitumor properties of O. sinensis and C. militaris submerged mycelium were investigated. It was found that the O. sinensis dry biomass in a dose of 50 mg/kg administered once a day to the mice with subcutaneously inoculated P388 lympholeucosis lowered the tumor growth by 65% vs. 54% for the C. militaris dry biomass. The water extract of O. sinensis submerged culture however accelerated the growth of the P388 lympholeucosis tumor node in the mice almost two times, compared to the control. A greater caution in using this fungus as a source of biologically active substances is required since unwanted tumor-stimulating effects can arise.
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Huang L, Zhang T, Li S, Duan J, Ye F, Li H, She Z, Gao G, Yang X. Anthraquinone G503 induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108286. [PMID: 25268882 PMCID: PMC4182468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
G503 is an anthraquinone compound isolated from the secondary metabolites of a mangrove endophytic fungus from the South China Sea. The present study elucidates the anti-tumor activity and the underlying mechanism of G503. Cell viability assay performed in nine cancer cell lines and two normal cell lines demonstrated that the gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 is the most G503-sensitive cancer cells. G503 induced SGC7901 cell death via apoptosis. G503 exposure activated caspases-3, -8 and -9. Pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK and caspase-9 inhibitor Z-LEHD-FMK, but not caspase-8 inbibitor Z-IETD-FMK, attenuated the effect of G503. These results suggested that the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, rather than the extrinsic pathway, was involved in G503-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, G503 increased the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 in the mitochondria and decreased the ratio in the cytosol. G503 treatment resulted in mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c release and the subsequent cleavage of caspase -9 and -3. Moreover, it is reported that the endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis pathway may also be activated by G503 by inducing capase-4 cleavage. In consideration of the lower 50% inhibitory concentration for gastric cancer cells, G503 may serve as a promising candidate for gastric cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junting Duan
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hanxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms (Sun Yat-sen University), Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhigang She
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms (Sun Yat-sen University), Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms (Sun Yat-sen University), Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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38
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Khasanova LM, Il'ina AV, Varlamov VP, Sinitsyna OA, Sinitsyn AP. [Hydrolysis of chitozan with an enzyme complex from Myceliophthora sp]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2014; 50:422-428. [PMID: 25707119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Samples of low-molecular weight chitosan with molecular masses of 8-24 kDa, identical deacetylation degrees (85%), and polydispersity indexes soluble at pH 5-7 were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using an enzyme complex from the micelial fungi Myceliophthora fergusii with yields of 50-80%. The optimal conditions for hydrolysis were found (pH 5.6, 37 degrees C, an enzyme/substrate ratio 1/800, 15-60 min). The obtainment of chitosan sample sets with different characteristics will enable the selection of the most efficient ones for comparison in in vitro/in vivo experiments.
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Todea A, Badea V, Nagy L, Kéki S, Boeriu CG, Péter F. Biocatalytic synthesis of δ-gluconolactone and ε-caprolactone copolymers. Acta Biochim Pol 2014; 61:205-210. [PMID: 24904930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradability and biocompatibility properties of ε-caprolactone homopolymers place it as a valuable raw material, particularly for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. However, the usefulness of such materials is limited by their low hydrophilicity and slow biodegradation rate. In order to improve polycaprolactone properties and functionalities, copolymerization of ε-caprolactone with δ-gluconolactone was investigated. Since enzymatic reactions involving sugars are usually hindered by the low solubility of these compounds in common organic solvents, finding the best reaction medium was a major objective of this research. The optimal copolymerization conditions were set up by using different organic media (solvent and solvents mixtures), as well as solvent free systems that are able to dissolve (completely or partially) sugars, and are nontoxic for enzymes. Native and immobilized lipases by different immobilization techniques from Candida antarctica B and Thermomyces lanuginosus have been used as biocatalyst at 80°C. Although the main copolymer amount was synthesized in DMSO:t-BuOH (20:80) medium, the highest polymerization degrees, up to 16 for the copolymer product, were achieved in solventless conditions. The products, cyclic and linear polyesters, have been characterized by FT-IR and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The reaction product analysis revealed the formation of cyclic products that could be the major impediment of further increase of the chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Todea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University "Politehnica" of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Valentin Badea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University "Politehnica" of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lajos Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Carmen G Boeriu
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francisc Péter
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University "Politehnica" of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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40
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Kar PK, Murmu S, Saha S, Tandon V, Acharya K. Anthelmintic efficacy of gold nanoparticles derived from a phytopathogenic fungus, Nigrospora oryzae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84693. [PMID: 24465424 PMCID: PMC3897398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring a green chemistry approach, this study brings to the fore, the anthelmintic efficacy of gold nanoparticles, highlighting the plausible usage of myconanotechnology. Gold nanoparticles of ∼6 to ∼18 nm diameter were synthesized by treating the mycelia-free culture filtrate of the phytopathogenic fungus with gold chloride. Their size and morphology were confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS data, AFM and TEM images. The XRD studies reveal a crystalline nature of the nanoparticles, which are in cubic phase. The FTIR spectroscopic studies before and after the formation of nanoparticles show the presence of possible functional groups responsible for the bio-reduction and capping of the synthesized gold nanoparticles. The latter were tested as vermifugal agents against a model cestode Raillietina sp., an intestinal parasite of domestic fowl. Further, ultrastructural and biochemical parameters were used to corroborate the efficacy study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Kumar Kar
- Parasitology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram, West Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanatan Murmu
- Parasitology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram, West Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Saswati Saha
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Veena Tandon
- Parasitology Laboratory, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Ando M, Hamaguchi HO. Molecular component distribution imaging of living cells by multivariate curve resolution analysis of space-resolved Raman spectra. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:011016. [PMID: 24108582 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.1.011016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Label-free Raman microspectroscopy combined with a multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis can be a powerful tool for studying a wide range of biomedical molecular systems. The MCR with the alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) technique, which retrieves the pure component spectra from complicatedly overlapped spectra, has been successfully applied to in vivo and molecular-level analysis of living cells. The principles of the MCR-ALS analysis are reviewed with a model system of titanium oxide crystal polymorphs, followed by two examples of in vivo Raman imaging studies of living yeast cells, fission yeast, and budding yeast. Due to the non-negative matrix factorization algorithm used in the MCR-ALS analysis, the spectral information derived from this technique is just ready for physical and/or chemical interpretations. The corresponding concentration profiles provide the molecular component distribution images (MCDIs) that are vitally important for elucidating life at the molecular level, as stated by Schroedinger in his famous book, "What is life?" Without any a priori knowledge about spectral profiles, time- and space-resolved Raman measurements of a dividing fission yeast cell with the MCR-ALS elucidate the dynamic changes of major cellular components (lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides) during the cell cycle. The MCR-ALS technique also resolves broadly overlapped OH stretch Raman bands of water, clearly indicating the existence of organelle-specific water structures in a living budding yeast cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ando
- Waseda University, Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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42
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Li HX, Xiao Y, Cao LL, Yan X, Li C, Shi HY, Wang JW, Ye YH. Cerebroside C increases tolerance to chilling injury and alters lipid composition in wheat roots. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73380. [PMID: 24058471 PMCID: PMC3772805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chilling tolerance was increased in seed germination and root growth of wheat seedlings grown in media containing 20 µg/mL cerebroside C (CC), isolated from the endophytic Phyllosticta sp. TG78. Seeds treated with 20 µg/mL CC at 4 °C expressed the higher germination rate (77.78%), potential (23.46%), index (3.44) and the shorter germination time (6.19 d); root growth was also significantly improved by 13.76% in length, 13.44% in fresh weight and 6.88% in dry mass compared to controls. During the cultivation process at 4 °C for three days and the followed 24 h at 25 °C, lipid peroxidation, expressed by malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative membrane permeability (RMP) was significantly reduced in CC-treated roots; activities of lipoxygenase (LOX), phospholipid C (PLC) and phospholipid D (PLD) were inhibited by 13.62-62.26%, 13.54-63.93% and 13.90-61.17%, respectively; unsaturation degree of fatty acids was enhanced through detecting the contents of CC-induced linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid using GC-MS; capacities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were individually increased by 7.69-46.06%, 3.37-37.96%, and -7.00-178.07%. These results suggest that increased chilling tolerance may be due, in part, to the reduction of lipid peroxidation and alternation of lipid composition of roots in the presence of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Wen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Hao Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Tigre RC, Silva NH, Santos MG, Honda NK, Falcão EPS, Pereira EC. Allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential of Cladonia verticillaris on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2012; 84:125-32. [PMID: 22835725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Responses to germination and initial growth of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) submitted to organic extracts and purified compounds of Cladonia verticillaris ("salambaia") were analyzed in this work. The experiments were conducted in laboratory conditions using extracts and pure compounds at different concentrations. None of the assays showed any influence on the germination of L. sativa seeds using C. verticillaris extracts; however, modifications in leaf area and seedling hypocotyl and root development occurred. In the growth experiments, seedlings exposed to ether or acetone extract showed diminished hypocotyl growth in detriment to the root stimulus, compared to controls. Increases in extract concentrations led to the formation of abnormal seedlings. To determine the allelochemicals of C. verticillaris, its principal components, fumarprotocetraric and protocetraric acids, were isolated and then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When the seedlings were exposed to the two acids separately, presented increased leaf area at all concentrations. In contrast, hypocotyl and root stimulus was observed only in the presence of protocetraric acid at different concentrations. Fumarprotocetraric as well as protocetraric acids, isolated and purified from C. verticillaris and Parmotrema dilatatum respectively, influenced the development of L. sativa seedlings at high concentrations, indicating a possible bioherbicide potential of these acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Tigre
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Biochemistry, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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44
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Biswas D, Pandya V, Singh AK, Mondal AK, Kumaran S. Co-factor binding confers substrate specificity to xylose reductase from Debaryomyces hansenii. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45525. [PMID: 23049810 PMCID: PMC3458928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of substrates into the active site, often through complementarity of shapes and charges, is central to the specificity of an enzyme. In many cases, substrate binding induces conformational changes in the active site, promoting specific interactions between them. In contrast, non-substrates either fail to bind or do not induce the requisite conformational changes upon binding and thus no catalysis occurs. In principle, both lock and key and induced-fit binding can provide specific interactions between the substrate and the enzyme. In this study, we present an interesting case where cofactor binding pre-tunes the active site geometry to recognize only the cognate substrates. We illustrate this principle by studying the substrate binding and kinetic properties of Xylose Reductase from Debaryomyces hansenii (DhXR), an AKR family enzyme which catalyzes the reduction of carbonyl substrates using NADPH as co-factor. DhXR reduces D-xylose with increased specificity and shows no activity towards "non-substrate" sugars like L-rhamnose. Interestingly, apo-DhXR binds to D-xylose and L-rhamnose with similar affinity (K(d)∼5.0-10.0 mM). Crystal structure of apo-DhXR-rhamnose complex shows that L-rhamnose is bound to the active site cavity. L-rhamnose does not bind to holo-DhXR complex and thus, it cannot competitively inhibit D-xylose binding and catalysis even at 4-5 fold molar excess. Comparison of K(d) values with K(m) values reveals that increased specificity for D-xylose is achieved at the cost of moderately reduced affinity. The present work reveals a latent regulatory role for cofactor binding which was previously unknown and suggests that cofactor induced conformational changes may increase the complimentarity between D-xylose and active site similar to specificity achieved through induced-fit mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Biswas
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vaibhav Pandya
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Appu Kumar Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alok K. Mondal
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - S. Kumaran
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Precision frequency detection has enabled the suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) to weigh single living cells, single nanoparticles, and adsorbed protein layers in fluid. To date, the SMR resonance frequency has been determined optically, which requires the use of an external laser and photodiode and cannot be easily arrayed for multiplexed measurements. Here we demonstrate the first electronic detection of SMR resonance frequency by fabricating piezoresistive sensors using ion implantation into single crystal silicon resonators. To validate the piezoresistive SMR, buoyant mass histograms of budding yeast cells and a mixture of 1.6, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 µm diameter polystyrene beads are measured. For SMRs designed to weigh micron-sized particles and cells, the mass resolution achieved with piezoresistive detection (∼3.4 fg in a 1 kHz bandwidth) is comparable to what can be achieved by the conventional optical-lever detector. Eliminating the need for expensive and delicate optical components will enable new uses for the SMR in both multiplexed and field deployable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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46
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Gunisova S, Elboher E, Nosek J, Gorkovoy V, Brown Y, Lucier JF, Laterreur N, Wellinger RJ, Tzfati Y, Tomaska L. Identification and comparative analysis of telomerase RNAs from Candida species reveal conservation of functional elements. RNA 2009; 15:546-559. [PMID: 19223441 PMCID: PMC2661832 DOI: 10.1261/rna.1194009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The RNA component of telomerase (telomerase RNA; TER) varies substantially both in sequence composition and size (from approximately 150 nucleotides [nt] to >1500 nt) across species. This dramatic divergence has hampered the identification of TER genes and a large-scale comparative analysis of TER sequences and structures among distantly related species. To identify by phylogenetic analysis conserved sequences and structural features of TER that are of general importance, it is essential to obtain TER sequences from evolutionarily distant groups of species, providing enough conservation within each group and enough variation among the groups. To this end, we identified TER genes in several yeast species with relatively large (>20 base pairs) and nonvariant telomeric repeats, mostly from the genus Candida. Interestingly, several of the TERs reported here are longer than all other yeast TERs known to date. Within these TERs, we predicted a pseudoknot containing U-A.U base triples (conserved in vertebrates, budding yeasts, and ciliates) and a three-way junction element (conserved in vertebrates and budding yeasts). In addition, we identified a novel conserved sequence (CS2a) predicted to reside within an internal-loop structure, in all the budding yeast TERs examined. CS2a is located near the Est1p-binding bulge-stem previously identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutational analyses in both budding yeasts S. cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis demonstrate that CS2a is essential for in vivo telomerase function. The comparative and mutational analyses of conserved TER elements reported here provide novel insights into the structure and function of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex.
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47
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Zhao L, Yu J, Zhang X, Tan T. The ethanol tolerance of Pachysolen tannophilus in fermentation on xylose. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 160:378-85. [PMID: 18651246 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The influence of ethanol on fermentation by Pachysolen tannophilus was studied. When xylose utilization rate was 80%, ethanol concentration began to decline. Fermentation of P. tannophilus was affected by ethanol addition in the beginning of fermentation; average xylose consumption rate was 0.065 g.l(-1).h(-1), and maximum specific growth rate was 0.07 h(-1) at 28 g.l(-1) ethanol, comparing with the average xylose consumption rate of 0.38 g.l(-1).h(-1) and maximum specific growth rate of 0.14 h(-1) in fermentation with no ethanol addition; P. tannophilus stopped growth at 40 g.l(-1) ethanol. When the initial ethanol concentration was 30 g.l(-1), the addition of glucose in xylose media made the growth of P. tannophilus better, and the most favorable glucose concentration was 15 g.l(-1) with the highest biomass of 1.51 g.l(-1) as compared with that of 0.95 g.l(-1) in pure xylose media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China
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48
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Turk M, Montiel V, Žigon D, Plemenitaš A, Ramos J. Plasma membrane composition of Debaryomyces hansenii adapts to changes in pH and external salinity. Microbiology (Reading) 2007; 153:3586-3592. [PMID: 17906155 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/009563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii is a marine yeast that has to cope with different stress situations. Since changes in membrane properties can play an important function in adaptation, we have examined the fluidity and lipid composition of purified plasma membranes of D. hansenii grown at different external pH values and salt concentrations. Growth at low pH caused an increase in the sterol-to-phospholipid ratio and a decrease in fatty acid unsaturation which was reflected in decreased fluidity of the plasma membrane. High levels of NaCl increased the sterol-to-phospholipid ratio and fatty acid unsaturation, but did not significantly affect fluidity. The sterol-to-phospholipid ratios obtained in D. hansenii grown under any of these conditions were similar to the ratios that have been reported for halophilic/halotolerant black yeasts, but much smaller than those observed in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Turk
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vera Montiel
- Department of Microbiology, ETSIAM, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Dušan Žigon
- J. Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Plemenitaš
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - José Ramos
- Department of Microbiology, ETSIAM, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, Spain
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Kurtzman CP, Albertyn J, Basehoar-Powers E. Multigene phylogenetic analysis of the Lipomycetaceae and the proposed transfer of Zygozyma species to Lipomyces and Babjevia anomala to Dipodascopsis. FEMS Yeast Res 2007; 7:1027-34. [PMID: 17498213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships among species assigned to genera of the family Lipomycetaceae were determined from analysis of the nearly entire large, subunit rRNA gene, the small subunit rRNA gene, mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene and the translation elongation factor-1alpha gene. Monophyly of the Lipomycetaceae was strongly supported, and currently described species appear genetically unique. The multigene analysis provided no support for maintaining the genera Kawasakia, Smithiozyma, Waltomyces or Zygozyma, and it is proposed that species in these genera be assigned to the genus Lipomyces. The monotypic genus Babjevia is a member of the Dipodascopsis clade and it is proposed to reassign Babjevia anomala to Dipodascopsis. The proposed changes will result in the Lipomycetaceae having two ascosporic genera, Lipomyces and Dipodascopsis, and the anamorphic genus Myxozyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cletus P Kurtzman
- Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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50
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Toshima J, Toshima JY, Duncan MC, Cope MJT, Sun Y, Martin AC, Anderson S, Yates JR, Mizuno K, Drubin DG. Negative regulation of yeast Eps15-like Arp2/3 complex activator, Pan1p, by the Hip1R-related protein, Sla2p, during endocytosis. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 18:658-68. [PMID: 17151356 PMCID: PMC1783767 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-09-0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of actin assembly nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex plays a crucial role during budding yeast endocytosis. The yeast Eps15-related Arp2/3 complex activator, Pan1p, is essential for endocytic internalization and proper actin organization. Pan1p activity is negatively regulated by Prk1 kinase phosphorylation after endocytic internalization. Phosphorylated Pan1p is probably then dephosphorylated in the cytosol. Pan1p is recruited to endocytic sites approximately 25 s before initiation of actin polymerization, suggesting that its Arp2/3 complex activation activity is kept inactive during early stages of endocytosis by a yet-to-be-identified mechanism. However, how Pan1p is maintained in an inactive state is not clear. Using tandem affinity purification-tagged Pan1p, we identified End3p as a stoichiometric component of the Pan1p complex, and Sla2p, a yeast Hip1R-related protein, as a novel binding partner of Pan1p. Interestingly, Sla2p specifically inhibited Pan1p Arp2/3 complex activation activity in vitro. The coiled-coil region of Sla2p was important for Pan1p inhibition, and a pan1 partial loss-of-function mutant suppressed the temperature sensitivity, endocytic phenotypes, and actin phenotypes observed in sla2DeltaCC mutant cells that lack the coiled-coil region. Overall, our results establish that Sla2p's regulation of Pan1p plays an important role in controlling Pan1p-stimulated actin polymerization during endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Toshima
- *Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Junko Y. Toshima
- *Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mara C. Duncan
- *Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202
| | - M. Jamie T.V. Cope
- *Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202
| | - Yidi Sun
- *Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202
| | - Adam C. Martin
- *Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202
| | - Scott Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - David G. Drubin
- *Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202
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