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Sebastian F, Vargas AI, Clarin J, Hurgoi A, Amini R. Meta Data Analysis of Sex Distribution of Study Samples Reported in Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering, and Biotransport Annual Conference Abstracts. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:060906. [PMID: 37943115 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The biased use of male subjects in biomedical research has created limitations, underscoring the importance of including women to enhance the outcomes of evidence-based medicine and to promote human health. While federal policies (e.g., the 1993 Revitalization Act and the 2016 Sex as a Biological Variable Act) have aimed to improve sex balance in studies funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), data on sex inclusivity in non-NIH funded research remain limited. The objective of this study was to analyze the trend of sex inclusion in abstracts submitted to the Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering, & Biotransport Conference (SB3C) over 7 years. We scored every abstract accepted to SB3C, and the findings revealed that approximately 20% of total abstracts included sex-related information, and this trend remained stable. Surprisingly, there was no significant increase in abstracts, including both sexes and those with balanced female and male samples. The proportion of abstracts with balanced sexes was notably lower than those including both sexes. Additionally, we examined whether the exclusion of one sex from the corresponding studies was justified by the research questions. Female-only studies had a 50% justification rate, while male-only studies had only 2% justification. Disparity in sex inclusion in SB3C abstracts was apparent, prompting us to encourage scientists to be more mindful of the sex of the research samples. Addressing sex inclusivity in biomechanics and mechanobiology research is essential for advancing medical knowledge and for promoting better healthcare outcomes for everyone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana I Vargas
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02120
| | - Julia Clarin
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02120
| | - Anthony Hurgoi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
- Northeastern University
| | - Rouzbeh Amini
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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Nguyen M, Gonzalez L, Stain SC, Dardik A, Chaudhry SI, Desai MM, Boatright D, Butler PD. Association of Socioeconomic Status, Sex, Racial, and Ethnic Identity With Sustained and Cultivated Careers in Surgery. Ann Surg 2024; 279:367-373. [PMID: 37470162 PMCID: PMC10799171 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the association between sex, race, ethnicity, and family income, and the intersectionality between these identities, and sustained or cultivated paths in surgery in medical school. METHODS This retrospective cohort study examines US medical students who matriculated in academic years 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Data were provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges, including self-reported sex, race, ethnicity, family income, interest in surgery at matriculation, and successful placement into a surgical residency at graduation. This study examined 2 outcomes: (1) sustained path in surgery between matriculation and graduation for students who entered medical school with an interest in surgery and (2) cultivated path in surgery for students who entered medical school not initially interested in surgery and who applied to and were successfully placed into a surgical residency at graduation. RESULTS Among the 5074 students who reported interest in surgery at matriculation, 2108 (41.5%) had sustained path in surgery. Compared to male students, female students were significantly less likely to have sustained path in surgery [adjusted relative risk (aRR): 0.92 (0.85-0.98)], while Asian (aRR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.91), Hispanic (aRR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.59-0.83), and low-income (aRR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78-0.92) students were less likely to have a sustained path in surgery compared to their peers. Among the 17,586 students who reported an initial interest in a nonsurgical specialty, 1869 (10.6%) were placed into a surgical residency at graduation. Female students, regardless of race/ethnic identity and income, were significantly less likely to have cultivated paths in surgery compared to male students, with underrepresented in medicine female students reporting the lowest rates. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study demonstrates the significant disparity in sustained and cultivated paths in surgery during undergraduate medical education. Innovative transformation of the surgical learning environment to promote surgical identity development and belonging for females, underrepresented in medicine, and low-income students is essential to diversify the surgical workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven C Stain
- Department of Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Alan Dardik
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Sarwat I Chaudhry
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mayur M Desai
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Dowin Boatright
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Paris D Butler
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Gitto L, Tarozzi I, Arunkumar P. Female Homicide Victims in Cook County, Illinois: A Retrospective Review. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2024; 45:15-19. [PMID: 38228311 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Female homicide is a broad term that includes any homicide in which the victim is a female, representing the most extreme form of violence against women. This study investigated the characteristics of female homicides to determine the types and characteristics of injury, circumstances of the events, and other aspects in this specific population. The Cook County Medical Examiner's Office files were searched for homicides in female subjects between January 2017 and January 2022, with no limits for age, race, or cause of death. A total of 527 cases met the criteria. Most homicides occurred in Chicago during the summer. The most common cause of death was firearm(s) wounds, followed by sharp force traumas, asphyxia, and blunt force injuries. The remaining deaths were due to combined and "other" mechanisms. Different patterns of injuries were observed at the autopsy. Alleged offenders were mostly male subjects and were frequently in a romantic relationship with the victim, and the reasons for homicide were related to jealousy and personal conflicts. This study offers an overview of homicidal deaths in female subjects in a large metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Gitto
- From the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office, Chicago, IL
| | - Ilaria Tarozzi
- Department of Legal Medicine and Risk Management, Modena Local Health Agency, Modena, Italy
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Martin CL, Richey M, Richardson DB, Nocera M, Cantrell J, McClure ES, Martin AT, Marshall SW, Ranapurwala SI. 25-Year fatal workplace suicide trends in North Carolina: 1992-2017. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:214-223. [PMID: 38197263 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a serious public health problem in the United States, but limited evidence is available investigating fatal suicides at work. There is a substantial need to characterize workplace suicides to inform suicide prevention interventions and target high-risk settings. This study aims to examine workplace suicide rates in North Carolina (NC) by worker characteristics, means of suicide used, and industry between 1992 and 2017. METHODS Fatal workplace suicides were identified from records of the NC Office of the Chief Medical Examiner system and the NC death certificate. Sex, age, race, ethnicity, class of worker, manner of death, and industry were abstracted. Crude and age-standardized homicide rates were calculated as the number of suicides that occurred at work divided by an estimate of worker-years (w-y). Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and trends over calendar time for fatal workplace suicides were examined overall and by industry. RESULTS 81 suicides over 109,464,430 w-y were observed. Increased rates were observed in workers who were male, self-employed, and 65+ years old. Firearms were the most common means of death (63%) followed by hanging (16%). Gas service station workers experienced the highest fatal occupational suicide rate, 11.5 times (95% CI: 3.62-36.33) the overall fatal workplace suicide rate, followed by Justice, Public Order, and Safety workers at 3.23 times the overall rate (95% CI: 1.31-7.97). CONCLUSION Our findings identify industries and worker demographics that were vulnerable to workplace suicides. Targeted and tailored mitigation strategies for vulnerable industries and workers are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Morgan Richey
- Department of Population Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David B Richardson
- Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Maryalice Nocera
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John Cantrell
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth S McClure
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amelia T Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen W Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shabbar I Ranapurwala
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Tailor PD, Xu TT, Tailor S, Asheim C, Olsen TW. Trends in Myopia and High Myopia from 1966 to 2019 in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 259:35-44. [PMID: 37890689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of myopia and high myopia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1966 to 2019. DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional, trend study. METHODS Manifest refractions or lens prescription were converted to spherical equivalent (SE) to estimate the prevalence of adult myopia and high myopia. Age, sex, race, and visual acuity were recorded. Subjects with an SE of -0.5 diopters (D) or less were considered to have myopia; those with an SE of -6.0 D or less were considered to have high myopia. Exclusion criteria included visually significant cataract, pseudophakia, prior refractive surgery, or age less than 18 years. RESULTS Among 81,706 sampled subjects, the myopia prevalence increased from 33.9% (95% CI, 31.1-36.8) in the 1960s to 57.1% (95% CI, 56.6-57.6) in the 2010s (P < .001). The high myopia prevalence increased from 2.8% (95% CI, 1.95-3.98) in the 1960s to 8.3% (95% CI, 8.08-8.62) in the 2010s (P < .001). Both male (32.0%-55.1%, P < .001) and female (40.6%-58.5%, P < .001) subjects experienced increasing myopia prevalence from the 1960s to the 2010s; both male (2.6%-7.4%, P < .001) and female (3.4%-9.1%, P < .001) subjects also had higher high myopia prevalence rates from the 1960s through the 2010s. Increasing myopia and high myopia prevalence was detected by decade in nearly all age groups (excluding 18- to 24-year-old high myopia subjects). White and Asian subjects had the highest myopia prevalence, whereas Black subjects had the lowest. From the 2000s to the 2010s, White (53.3%-57.0%, P < .001) and Black (41.0%-47.0%, P = .001) subjects had significant increases in myopia prevalence. The mean SE decreased from the 1960s (-0.42 D; 95% CI, -0.59 to +2.49) to the 2010s (-1.85 D; 95% CI, -1.88 to +2.96) (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS From 1966 to 2019 in Olmsted County, Minnesota, there was a 68% and 199% increase in myopia and high myopia prevalence, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant D Tailor
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (P.D.T., T.T.X., C.A., T.W.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy T Xu
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (P.D.T., T.T.X., C.A., T.W.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shreya Tailor
- Rollins School of Public Health (S.T.), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Collin Asheim
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (P.D.T., T.T.X., C.A., T.W.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy W Olsen
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (P.D.T., T.T.X., C.A., T.W.O.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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Özeren Keşkek C, Yılancı HÖ, Akçiçek G. Sex estimation by volumetric evaluation of the maxillary canine using cone-beam computed tomographic images. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:194. [PMID: 38321411 PMCID: PMC10845570 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teeth can be a reasonable part of sex estimation in case of being the single evidence available or in doubt although they are not as accurate as bones in sex estimation. The size of teeth is greater in males than in females. In this study, it was aimed to determine cut-off values of the tooth volume (TV) and root volume (RV) of the maxillary canines and to evaluate the validity of the method for discriminating between males and females. METHODS Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 250 individuals aged 18 to 63 years with equal age and sex distribution were assessed retrospectively. The sample divided into reference set including 168 images of 84 females and 84 males and validation set including 82 images of 48 females and 34 males. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and Youden's index were used to determine cut-off values of the volumetric measurements and to test the discriminative performance of the method. RESULTS The optimal cut-off values of TV ≥ 581 mm3 and RV ≥ 334 mm3 for estimating sex were established from the reference set. The sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and accuracy (Ac) were 0.77 for TV ≥ 581 mm3 while they were 0.82, 0.77, and 0.79 for RV ≥ 334 mm3. When we tested the previously derived cut-off values of TV of the maxillary canine, the Se, Sp, and Ac were found to be respectively 0.71, 0.90, and 0.82 for TV ≥ 619 mm3 and 0.97, 0.27, and 0.56 for TV ≥ 510 / 460 mm3 (right/left). CONCLUSIONS The identified cut-off values of TV and RV of the maxillary canines can be used to estimate sex with moderate accuracy when the only evidence available is teeth or in case of doubt. The method's applicability should be assessed for different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Özeren Keşkek
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Democracy University, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Hümeyra Özge Yılancı
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Democracy University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gökçen Akçiçek
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Rodrigues E, Umeh E, Aishwarya, Navaratnarajah N, Cole A, Moy K. Incidence and prevalence of myasthenia gravis in the United States: A claims-based analysis. Muscle Nerve 2024; 69:166-171. [PMID: 38040629 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare neuromuscular disorder with geographically variable prevalence and incidence rates. A global trend of increasing prevalence of MG has been observed in the last few decades, and this study aimed to assess the current prevalence and incidence rates of MG in the United States. METHODS Data were extracted from the Clarivate Real-World Data Repository (2016-2021), a US claims and electronic health records database. The prevalence and incidence of MG were calculated for the year 2021 for males and females who were <2, 2-5, 6-11, 12-17, 18-49, 50-64, and ≥65 years of age, using population estimates from the US Census. RESULTS The diagnosed prevalence and incidence of MG in the United States in 2021 were calculated to be 37.0 per 100,000 persons and 3.1 per 100,000 persons, respectively. While the incidence and prevalence of MG increased with age in both men and women, higher prevalence and incidence of MG were observed in younger women (<50 years) compared with men of matching age, and in older men (≥65 years) compared with women of the same age group. DISCUSSION The updated prevalence and incidence of MG in the United States in 2021 are higher than previous reports from the 1980s and early 2000s, following a global trend of increased prevalence and incidence for this disorder in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Rodrigues
- Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emeka Umeh
- Clarivate Analytics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aishwarya
- Clarivate Analytics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Alexander Cole
- Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristin Moy
- Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Dolgin E. Why autoimmune disease is more common in women: X chromosome holds clues. Nature 2024; 626:466. [PMID: 38302704 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
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Liu Z, Wei P, Jiang H, Zhang F, Ouyang W, Wang S, Fang F, Pan X. Alerting trends in epidemiology for non-rheumatic degenerative mitral valve disease, 1990-2019: An age-period-cohort analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Int J Cardiol 2024; 395:131561. [PMID: 37913964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global and national burden of rheumatic mitral valve disease (MVD) has been well studied and estimated before. However, little is known about non-rheumatic degenerative MVD. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the trends in non-rheumatic degenerative MVD (NRDMVD) epidemiology, with an emphasis on NRDMVD mortality, leading risk factors, and their associations with age, period, and birth cohort. METHODS Using the data derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, including prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years, we analyzed the burden of NRDMVD and the detailed trends of NRDMVD mortality over the past 30 years in 204 countries and territories by implementing the age-period-cohort framework. RESULTS Globally, the number of deaths due to NRDMVD increased from 5695.89 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 5405.19 to 5895.4) × 1000 in 1990 to 9137.79 (95% UI: 8395.68 to 9743.55) × 1000 in 2019. The all-age mortality rate increased from 106.47 (95% UI: 101.03 to 110.2) per 100,000 to 118.1 (95% UI: 108.51 to 125.93) per 100,000, whereas the age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 170.45 (95% UI: 159.61 to 176.94) per 100,000 to 117.95 (95% UI: 107.83 to 125.92) per 100,000. The estimated net drift of mortality per year was -1.1% (95% confidence interval: -1.17 to -1.04). The risk of death due to NRDMVD increased with age, reaching its peak after 85 years old globally. Despite female patients being associated with lower local drift than male patients, no significant gender differences were observed in the age effect across countries and regions for all sociodemographic index (SDI) levels, except low-SDI regions. CONCLUSIONS We estimated the global disease prevalence of and mortality due to NRDMVD over approximately a 30-year period. The health-related burden of NRDMVD has declined worldwide; however, the condition persisted in low-SDI regions. Moreover, higher attention should be paid to female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeye Liu
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peijian Wei
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwen Zhang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Ouyang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shouzheng Wang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbin Pan
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Talebi M, Taghipour A, Raouf-Rahmati A, Farokhani EM, Ghaffariyan-Jam S, Samarghandi A, Nemati M, Nemati A. Prevalence of mental disorders among middle-aged population of primary healthcare centers in Northeastern Iran. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:80. [PMID: 38172756 PMCID: PMC10763134 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary healthcare centers (PHCs) serve as the cornerstone of accessible medical services in society, playing a crucial role in screening, detecting, and treating various health issues. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in middle-aged individuals who refer to PHCs and the potential of PHCs in diagnosing mental disorders. METHODS This cross-sectional study was implemented at PHCs under the supervision of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) in northeast Iran in 2018. The enrolled subjects were middle-aged adults who had electronic medical records in SINA, an integrated health management system, and the electronic medical records of MUMS. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders by type and their relationship with demographic information was evaluated by a Chi-square test using SPSS 22. RESULTS This study involved 218,341 middle-aged participants. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 8.59%, and depression (53.72%) and anxiety (42.02%) were the most common psychiatric disorders in both males and females. The prevalence of mental disorders was significantly higher in females than in males (88.18% vs. 18.81%; P < 0.0001). Indeed, a significant higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatoform, childhood psychiatric disorder, and bipolar disorders was observed in females compared to males (P < 0.05). In addition, individuals between the age of 45-60 years, and those from rural areas showed more prevalence of mental disorders than others, but these differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Considering the previous studies in Iran, the prevalence of mental disorders among patients presenting to PHCs was noticeably lower than expected rates. It seems probable that this huge difference is due to poor screening and detection of mental illness in PHCs of MUMS. It is recommended that health policymakers pursue specific measures to make PHCs more helpful for people with mental health problems in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Talebi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amene Raouf-Rahmati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Azadeh Samarghandi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes Optum, Laguna Niguel, Ca, USA
| | - Ahmad Nemati
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Tsiogka A, Rubin AI, Gregoriou S, Soulaidopoulos S, Belyayeva H, Rigopoulos D. Prevalence of subungual melanoma in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:77-83. [PMID: 37644688 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subungual melanoma (SUM) is a rare type of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) associated with poor prognosis, while data regarding its prevalence are scarce. OBJECTIVES We sought to provide a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence rates of SUM among all types of CMM, considering certain demographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS The MEDLINE electronic database was searched systematically to identify eligible studies providing prevalence rate estimates of SUM in patients with CMM. Included studies were further analysed to estimate the relative prevalences of SUM according to study design, study years, geographical region and sex distribution. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall SUM prevalence was 1.9% (95% CI [1.5%-2.3%]). The prevalence of SUM did not differ significantly between population- and hospital-based studies and remained stable over time. However, it was found to be significantly higher in Asians compared to patients of other geographical regions as well as in studies with more men than women compared to those with female preponderance (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In all, the overall SUM prevalence among all subtypes of CMM was estimated at 1.9%, without significant changes over time, and was found to exhibit significant variability between subgroups of different geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Tsiogka
- Faculty of Medicine, First Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Adam I Rubin
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stamatios Gregoriou
- Faculty of Medicine, First Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Helena Belyayeva
- Faculty of Medicine, First Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Rigopoulos
- Faculty of Medicine, First Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Chandler MD, Schnitzer PG, Dykstra HK, MacKay JM. Pediatric vehicular heatstroke: An analysis of 296 cases from the National Fatality Review Case Reporting System. Traffic Inj Prev 2023; 25:400-406. [PMID: 38108664 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2290454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the National Fatality Review Case Reporting System (NFR-CRS) as a new data source to (1) characterize pediatric vehicular heatstroke (PVH) deaths among children <15 years of age reviewed by Child Death Review teams, and (2) identify factors independently associated with common PVH scenarios and incident locations. METHODS Data for 2005-2019 were used to characterize 296 PVH deaths. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to describe child, supervisor, and incident characteristics. Multiple logistic regression with and without imputation were carried out to identify factors associated with the two outcomes of interest: PVH scenario (left in vehicle vs. gained access) and incident place (supervisor workplace vs. other locations). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS Most children had been left unattended in vehicles (N = 225, 76.0%) and 13.5% (N = 40) had gained access independently. Children were most often male (N = 168, 56.8%), non-Hispanic White (N = 131, 44.3%), and <2 years of age (N = 172, 58.1%). Disability or chronic illness was noted for 4.7% (N = 14), 13.9% (N = 41) had a history of maltreatment, and 6.1% (N = 18) an open CPS case at the time of incident. Children left unattended were more likely to be <2 years of age (adjusted imputed OR 26.7, CI 7.3-97.2) and less likely to have an open CPS case (0.2, 0.0-0.4) and for the incident to occur at home (0.2, 0.1-0.9) compared to children who gained access. PVH deaths occurring at the supervisor's workplace were more likely to be <2 years of age (6.2, 2.4-15.8), to have occurred on a weekday (5.9, 1.7-20.9), and to have been supervised by their parent at the incident time (2.7, 1.1-6.7) compared to other locations. CONCLUSIONS The results align with previous PVH findings and added new information on child race/ethnicity, CPS action, disability/chronic illness, and maltreatment. With the exception of parents being more likely to be the supervisor in incidents occurring at home, which was expected, neither supervisor characteristics nor child race/ethnicity or sex were independently significant in multiple regression, suggesting that PVH is pervasive and that education campaigns should be similarly broad.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia G Schnitzer
- National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention, Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, Michigan
| | - Heather K Dykstra
- National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention, Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, Michigan
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13
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Watt RG, Heilmann A, Conway DI. Oral cancers are rising in the UK. BMJ 2023; 383:2907. [PMID: 38086551 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p2907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
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14
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Vahl JM, Nagel G, Abou Kors T, Brand M, von Witzleben A, Sonntag M, Grages A, Theodoraki MN, Greve J, Denkinger M, Dallmeier D, Idel C, Stilgenbauer S, Hoffmann TK, Laban S. Regional outcome disparities in German head and neck cancer patients: Shorter survival in Eastern Germany. Cancer Med 2023; 12:21426-21435. [PMID: 38037808 PMCID: PMC10726835 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Demographics are important prognostic factors in malignant diseases. A nationwide analysis concerning the prognostic impact of demographics in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients (HNCP) has not been performed previously. METHODS A retrospective analysis of data from the Center for Cancer Registry Data (ZfKD) and the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) between 2002 and 2017 was performed. A total of 212'920 HNCP were included. Incidence, tumor stage, age development, sex distribution, age-, residence-, and diagnosis-time-specific survival were examined. RESULTS Mean age of HNCP increased more rapidly than in the general population (slope coefficient: 0.29 vs. 0.20; p < 0.0001). Higher age and male sex were associated with a worse prognosis. Whereas overall survival (OS) increased from the early to the later observation period for HNCP <70 years, no OS improvement for HNCP >70 years was found. Furthermore, an OS disadvantage was observed for East Germany compared to West Germany (median 47 vs. 60 months; p < 0.0001). This disparity was associated with a disproportionately high ratio of men in East Germany (men/women: 4.4 vs. 3.1; p < 0.0001) and a lower mean age (61 vs. 63 years; p < 0.0001). In addition to stage, age and sex, residence in East Germany were confirmed as an independent factor for OS in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Finally, three decades after the German reunion, a survival disadvantage for patients in East Germany still exists. This discrepancy may be a result of socioeconomic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius M. Vahl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical BiometryUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Tsima Abou Kors
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Matthias Brand
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Adrian von Witzleben
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Michael Sonntag
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Ayla Grages
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Marie N. Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Jens Greve
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Michael Denkinger
- Agaplesion Bethesda UlmInstitute of Geriatric Research at Ulm University Medical Center and Geriatric CenterUlmGermany
| | - Dhayana Dallmeier
- Agaplesion Bethesda UlmInstitute of Geriatric Research at Ulm University Medical Center and Geriatric CenterUlmGermany
| | - Christian Idel
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyUniversity Hospital Schleswig‐HolsteinLübeckGermany
| | | | - Thomas K. Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center UlmUniversity Medical Center UlmUlmGermany
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Wang JC, Chang SW, Nwachuku I, Hill W, Munger AM, Suleiman LI, Heckmann ND. The Intersection of Race and Sex: A New Perspective Into Diversity Trends in Orthopaedic Surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2023; 31:1197-1204. [PMID: 37703543 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-23-00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies on diversity in orthopaedic surgery have exclusively examined challenges from a race or sex perspective. This study examines trends in the diversity of entering orthopaedic surgery residents from the intersection of race and sex. METHODS The American Association of Medical Colleges was queried for individuals entering orthopaedic surgery residencies in the United States from 2001 to 2020. Deidentified data on self-reported sex and race were collected. Proportions by the intersection of sex and race were calculated for 5-year intervals. RESULTS From 2001 to 2020, most of the new female residents identified as White (mean, 71.0%). The average proportion of White female residents was lower in 2016 to 2020 than in 2001 to 2005 (71.0% vs. 73.2%) but higher than that in 2011 to 2015 (66.8%). The 2016 to 2020 average was lower than that of 2001 to 2005 for those who identified as Asian (11.7% vs. 14.9%), Black (4.1% vs. 4.8%), Hispanic (3.0% vs. 4.4%), and American Indian/Alaska Native (0.0% vs. 1.5%). Most of the new male orthopaedic surgery residents from 2001 to 2020 identified as White (mean, 74.1%), but the average decreased across every 5-year interval from 2001 to 2005 (76.1%) to 2016 to 2020 (71.1%). The 2016 to 2020 average was lower than that of 2001 to 2005 for those who identified as Asian (12.2% vs. 13.6%), Black (3.5% vs. 4.2%), Hispanic (3.0% vs. 3.4%), American Indian/Alaska Native (0.0% vs. 0.6%), and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (0.1% vs. 0.3%). In 2020, White male residents made up to 54.2% of new residents. White female residents were the second highest group represented (12.1%). CONCLUSION Increases in representation were observed for some subgroups of new orthopaedic surgery residents from 2001 to 2020. Although the proportion of both White female and male residents decreased by 11.5% during the 20-year study period, these individuals still made up most of the trainees in 2020. These results underscore the need for conversations and recruitment practices to take into consideration the intersectionality of identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Wang
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA (Wang, Chang, Nwachuku, Hill, and Heckmann), the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (Munger), and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Medical Education, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (Suleiman)
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Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the temporal trend in suicide mortality for Chinese adolescents aged 10 to 19 years from 2008 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Tian
- National Management Office of Neonatal Screening Project for Congenital Heart Disease (CHD), Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Luan
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Mental Health Center, Fourth People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Junguo Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Fourth People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Arya V, Page A, Vijayakumar L, Onie S, Tapp C, John A, Pirkis J, Armstrong G. Changing profile of suicide methods in India: 2014-2021. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:420-426. [PMID: 37573889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restricting access to suicide methods is one of the most effective suicide prevention approaches. METHODS Trends in method specific suicide rates (2014-2021) in India were calculated using National Crime Records Bureau data (NCRB) by sex and geographical region. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to empirically identify any changes in suicide trends. RESULTS Suicide rates by hanging increased from 6.08 to 10.0 per 100,000 population among males and from 2.55 to 3.56 per 100,000 among females over the study period. Insecticide poisoning suicide rates also increased from 1.51 to 2.73 per 100,000 among males and from 0.74 to 1.14 per 100,000 among females. Suicide by self-immolation decreased over the study period among both sexes. In general, these national trends were mirrored among different regions. Joinpoint regression indicated an increase in suicide by hanging (annual percentage change (APC) of 12.3 among males between 2018 and 2021 and 4.9 among females between 2014 and 2021) and an increase in male suicide by insecticide poisoning between 2014 and 2021 (APC of 4.2) while a decrease in self-immolation rates was noted among males (APC of -12.7 between 2014 and 2021) and females (APC of -16.5 between 2016 and 2021). LIMITATION The NCRB data might underestimate true suicide rates. CONCLUSION Hanging suicides and insecticides poisoning suicides observed an increasing trend between 2014 and 2021. Self-immolation rates decreased during the study period which might be, in part, associated with the initiative to provide clean cooking fuel to households. Ban on lethal pesticides must be prioritised which might help lower insecticide poisoning suicide rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Arya
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Andrew Page
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | | | | | - Caley Tapp
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ann John
- Swansea University Medical School, UK
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gregory Armstrong
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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Larchet K, Langlade A, Lacambre M. The specifics of homicide-suicide in France. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 100:102596. [PMID: 37839362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homicide and suicide are two causes of violent death. This study focuses on situations in which these two types of violent death occur at the same time, known as homicide-suicide. AIM The aim of this study is to review the circumstances surrounding homicide-suicides as well as the features of the victims and perpetrators in France at a recent period. The article characterizes homicide-suicides by comparing them with simple homicides in order to determine whether they exhibit distinctive characteristics and significant links. METHODOLOGY The data analyzed are based on detailed police operational information collected about 1622 homicides that occurred in France in 2019 and 2020. After presenting the characteristics of all homicide-suicides, this article specifically compares those that take place within the family, whether they result in the suicide of the perpetrator or not, using bivariate tests (chi-square). The tests are based on a distinction between domestic homicide-suicides within a couple and between other family members. RESULTS Analysis shows that 7 % of them were followed by the suicide of the perpetrator (203 cases). Almost all of them take place within family (91 %), and most often within the couple (60 %). Apart from couple configurations, familial homicide-suicides target the children (21 %) or parents (5 %) of the perpetrators. The perpetrators are mainly men, while most of the victims are women. Analysis revealed significant links between certain variables and suicide (or attempted suicide by the alleged perpetrator) in the context of couple homicide: the modus operandi, the spatio-temporal setting, the gender and average age of the victim and history of domestic violence suffered by the victim, as well as all the variables relating to the alleged perpetrator (age, gender, police and psychiatric history, alcohol consumption, etc.). Among other family members, these variables do not have a significant influence on whether the perpetrator commits suicide following the homicide. Perpetrators of domestic homicide-suicides are less likely to be under the influence of alcohol (8 %), to be known to the police (19 %), and to have a psychiatric history (11 %) than those who do not commit suicide following the homicide (respectively 41 %, 54 %, 22 %). There is also less record of domestic violence when the perpetrator commits suicide (20 %) than when they do not (48 %). CONCLUSIONS Homicide-suicides are to some extent similar to simple couple homicides. Women are therefore overrepresented among domestic homicide victims; likewise, they are also overrepresented among the victims of homicide-suicides, which are mostly committed in family circumstances. The most significant risk factors are the presence of firearms in the household and history of domestic violence within the couple. RECOMMENDATIONS The results suggest two areas for action: the screening (interpersonal conflicts, alcohol, depression, domestic violence, presence of a firearm) and the prevention of intra-family homicides. Prevention should focus on screening specific elements: the presence of a firearm, domestic violence, interpersonal conflicts, depression, and alcohol. Prevention could also take place with elderly people at the end of their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keltoume Larchet
- Department of Criminological Research, Sub-Directorate of Strategy and Local Streering, National Directorate of the Judicial Police, 101 Rue des Trois Fontanot, 92000, Nanterre, France.
| | - Aurélien Langlade
- Department of Criminological Research, Sub-Directorate of Strategy and Local Streering, National Directorate of the Judicial Police, 101 Rue des Trois Fontanot, 92000, Nanterre, France.
| | - Mathieu Lacambre
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU, Hopital Lapeyronie, INSERM Unit 1061, University of Montpellier, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34090, Montpellier, France.
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Toffoli M, Schapira AHV, Proukakis C. Sex Distribution of GBA1 Variants Carriers with Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:2137-2139. [PMID: 37736925 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Toffoli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Christos Proukakis
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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Alicandro G, La Vecchia C, Islam N, Pizzato M. A comprehensive analysis of all-cause and cause-specific excess deaths in 30 countries during 2020. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:1153-1164. [PMID: 37684387 PMCID: PMC10663248 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 on mortality from specific causes of death remains poorly understood. This study analysed cause-of-death data provided by the World Health Organization from 2011 to 2019 to estimate excess deaths in 2020 in 30 countries. Over-dispersed Poisson regression models were used to estimate the number of deaths that would have been expected if the pandemic had not occurred, separately for men and women. The models included year and age categories to account for temporal trends and changes in size and age structure of the populations. Excess deaths were calculated by subtracting observed deaths from expected ones. Our analysis revealed significant excess deaths from ischemic heart diseases (IHD) (in 10 countries), cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) (in 10 countries), and diabetes (in 19 countries). The majority of countries experienced excess mortality greater than 10%, including Mexico (+ 38·8% for IHD, + 34·9% for diabetes), Guatemala (+ 30·0% for IHD, + 10·2% for CVD, + 39·7% for diabetes), Cuba (+ 18·8% for diabetes), Brazil (+ 12·9% for diabetes), the USA (+ 15·1% for diabetes), Slovenia (+ 33·8% for diabetes), Poland (+ 30·2% for IHD, + 19·5% for CVD, + 26 1% for diabetes), Estonia (+ 26·9% for CVD, + 34·7% for diabetes), Bulgaria (+ 22·8% for IHD, + 11·4% for diabetes), Spain (+ 19·7% for diabetes), Italy (+ 18·0% for diabetes), Lithuania (+ 17·6% for diabetes), Finland (+ 13·2% for diabetes) and Georgia (+ 10·7% for IHD, + 19·0% for diabetes). In 2020, 22 out of 30 countries had a significant increase in total mortality. Some of this excess was attributed to COVID-19, but a substantial increase was also observed in deaths attributed to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Alicandro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Margherita Pizzato
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Hou Y, Wang L, Luo C, Tang W, Dai R, An Y, Tang X. Clinical characteristics of early-onset paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus in a single centre in China. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3373-3381. [PMID: 36810668 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the sex distribution, clinical presentations, disease outcomes and genetic background of early-onset paediatric SLE (eo-pSLE) in a single centre in China to help enable early diagnosis and timely treatment. METHODS The clinical data of children aged less than 5 years old with SLE (n = 19) from January 2012 to December 2021 were reviewed and analysed. We performed DNA sequencing in 11 out of 19 patients to survey the genetic aetiologies. RESULTS Our study included 6 males and 13 females. The mean age at onset was 3.73 years. The median diagnostic delay was 9 months and was longer in male patients (P = 0.02). Four patients had an SLE-relevant family history. The most common clinical manifestations at diagnosis were fever, rash and hepatosplenomegaly. ANA positivity and low C3 were identified in all children. The renal (94.74%), mucocutaneous (94.74%), haematological (89.47%), respiratory (89.47%), digestive (84.21%), cardiovascular (57.89%) and neuropsychiatric (52.63%) systems were involved to varying degrees. We identified 13 SLE-associated gene mutations in 9 out of 11 patients: TREX1, PIK3CD, LRBA, KRAS, STAT4, C3, ITGAM, CYBB, TLR5, RIPK1, BACH2, CFHR5 and SYK. One male patient showed a 47, XXY chromosomal abnormality. CONCLUSION Early-onset (<5 years) pSLE is characterized by an insidious onset, typical immunological patterns, and the involvement of multiple organs. Immunological screening and genetic testing should be performed as soon as feasible in patients with an early onset of multisystemic autoimmune diseases to confirm the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongxin Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfei An
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Paediatrics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
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Jiang L, Jiang C, Wang Y, Song T, Yin N. Heterogeneity of Orofacial Clefts and Associated Anomalies in China. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:e698-e701. [PMID: 37594258 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the large number of affected individuals in China, information on the descriptive epidemiology of orofacial clefts in the Chinese population remains limited. Therefore, the authors aimed to report a detailed clinical classification of orofacial clefts, including microform cleft lip (CL), and associated malformations in patients from a major cleft surgical unit in China. The authors reviewed the medical records of 718 patients who underwent primary cleft repair surgery at their center between December 2016 and April 2023. The sex distribution varied with cleft type and extent, and males had a higher proportion of clefts with increased severity than females. In patients with a unilateral CL, the ratio of left-to-right-sided clefts was 1.85:1. The frequency of associated congenital malformations in patients with microform CL only, overt CL only, CL and palate, and cleft palate only was 8.0%, 7.6%, 14.9%, and 30.9%, respectively. A total of 98 malformations were observed in 69 patients with congenital anomalies of unknown origin. Among these, cardiovascular anomalies were the most common, identified in 27 patients (39.1%), followed by head and neck and musculoskeletal anomalies. The high risk of heart defects highlights the importance of routine echocardiography. Microform CL exhibited increased prevalence and a similar frequency of associated malformations with overt CL, suggesting that this mild phenotype requires further attention by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leheng Jiang
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Ishikawa KM, Matsunaga M, Ahn HJ, Siriwardhana C, Chen JJ. Age and Sex Distributions of 31 Common Racial Groups in Hawai'i: A Shiny Web Application. Hawaii J Health Soc Welf 2023; 82:89-96. [PMID: 37901668 PMCID: PMC10612410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Hawai'i is the most ethnically diverse state with the highest proportion of multiracial individuals in the United States. The Stepwise Proportional Weighting Algorithm (SPWA) was developed to bridge the categorization of multiracial Census data into single-race population estimates for common races in Hawai'i. However, these estimates have not been publicly available. A Shiny web application, the Hawai'i Single-Race Categorization Tool, was developed as a user friendly research tool to obtain the age and sex distributions of single-race estimates for common racial groups in Hawai'i. The Categorization Tool implements the SPWA and presents the results in tabular and graphic formats, stratified by sex and age. It also allows the categorization of partial Native Hawaiians as Native Hawaiians in the population estimation. Using this tool, the current paper reports population estimates and distributions for 31 common racial groups using Hawai'i Census 2010 data. Among the major Census races, Asian had the largest population (631 881; 46.5%) in Hawai'i, followed by White (431 635; 31.7%) and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (227 588; 16.7%). Among Census detailed races within Asian, Filipino had the largest population estimate (244 730; 18.0%), followed by Japanese (227 165; 16.7%) and Chinese (103 600; 7.6%). Native Hawaiian accounted for 12.3% of the Hawai'i population (166 944). After recategorizing part-Native Hawaiians as Native Hawaiians, Native Hawaiian increased by 150.0%, with the greatest increase among the young. This publicly available tool would be valuable for race-related resource allocation, policy development, and health disparities research in Hawai'i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Ishikawa
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘I, Honolulu, HI
| | - Masako Matsunaga
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘I, Honolulu, HI
| | - Hyeong Jun Ahn
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘I, Honolulu, HI
| | - Chathura Siriwardhana
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘I, Honolulu, HI
| | - John J. Chen
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘I, Honolulu, HI
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Shayan NA, Rahimi A, Özcebe H. Cancer prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates in Afghanistan in 2020: A review study. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1873. [PMID: 37574721 PMCID: PMC10480416 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afghanistan is in an epidemiological transition, as cancer is the second leading cause of mortality due to non-communicable diseases. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive perspective on the overall cancer situation in Afghanistan by discussing the top five most common cancers, their incidence variations, risk factors, and preventive measures. The limited number of cancer studies conducted in Afghanistan highlights the importance of the present review. RECENT FINDINGS This article provides an overview of cancer burden in Afghanistan in 2020. It utilizes IARC-generated GLOBOCAN 2020 data for one, three, and five-year prevalence rates, the estimated number of new cancer cases, and mortality rates by age group in Afghanistan. According to GLOBOCAN, the top five common cancers in both sexes in Afghanistan were breast (n = 3173, 14.3%), stomach (n = 2913, 7.8%), lung (n = 1470, 6.6%), cervix uteri (n = 1200, 5.4%), and colorectum (n = 1084, 4.9%). CONCLUSION This study provides a brief overview of the general cancer situation in Afghanistan, and a more in-depth analysis of the five common cancers identified. Effective therapies, awareness, and prevention initiatives targeting lifestyle, immunization, early diagnosis, and environmental risk factors are essential for addressing the impact of population growth and aging on cancer incidence in Afghanistan. Further research and extensive studies are needed to better understand cancer burden in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasar Ahmad Shayan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Ali Rahimi
- Scientific Research CenterJami UniversityHeratAfghanistan
| | - Hilal Özcebe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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Philipp K, Anja Q, Boris S, Johanna K, Susanne W, Adam S, Philipp MM, Henning S. Epidemiological and clinical evaluation of patients with a cleft in lower saxony Germany: a mono-center analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5661-5670. [PMID: 37542681 PMCID: PMC10492882 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to provide epidemiological and clinical data on patients with orofacial clefts in Lower Saxony in Germany. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of 404 patients with orofacial clefts treated surgically at the University Medical Center Goettingen from 2001 to 2019 were analyzed in this retrospective study. Prevalence of orofacial clefts in general, orofacial clefts as manifestation of a syndrome, sex distribution, and prevalence of different cleft types was evaluated and associated with the need for corrective surgery, family history, pregnancy complications, and comorbidities. RESULTS The prevalence of orofacial clefts for Goettingen in Lower Saxony was 1:890. 231 patients were male and 173 were female. CLP was most common (39.1%) followed by CP (34.7%), CL (14.4%), CLA (9.9%), and facial clefts (2%). The left side was more frequently affected and unilateral cleft forms occurred more often than bilateral ones. Almost 10% of the population displayed syndromic CL/P. 10.9% of all patients had a positive family history regarding CL/P, predominantly from the maternal side. Pregnancy abnormalities were found in 11.4%, most often in the form of preterm birth. Comorbidities, especially of the cardiovascular system, were found in 30.2% of the sample. 2.2% of patients treated according to the University Medical Center Goettingen protocol corrective surgery was performed in form of a velopharyngoplasty or residual hole closure. CONCLUSIONS The epidemiological and clinical profile of the study population resembled the expected distributions in Western populations. The large number of syndromic CL/P and associated comorbidities supports the need for specialized cleft centers and interdisciplinary cleft care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauffmann Philipp
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, D-37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Quast Anja
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Schminke Boris
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, D-37099, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kolle Johanna
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, D-37099, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfer Susanne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, D-37099, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stepniewski Adam
- Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Schliephake Henning
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, D-37099, Göttingen, Germany
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Lego VD. Uncovering the gender health data gap. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00065423. [PMID: 37585901 PMCID: PMC10494683 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen065423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa di Lego
- Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Madu CT, Nwokeji I, Adeoye O. Incidence and distribution of ocular disorders in the first year of life. J AAPOS 2023; 27:243. [PMID: 37516306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chisom T Madu
- City University of New York School of Medicine, Ophthalmology Specialty Interest Group, New York, NY
| | - Imani Nwokeji
- City University of New York School of Medicine, Ophthalmology Specialty Interest Group, New York, NY
| | - Oluwafisayo Adeoye
- City University of New York School of Medicine, Ophthalmology Specialty Interest Group, New York, NY
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Mazumdar D, Sarma A, Medhi D, Dutta R, Kataki M, Baishya L, Dutta BS, Saikia L. Capsular typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens in Gauhati Medical College and hospital, Assam, India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 44:100350. [PMID: 37356826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human respiratory tract pathogen causing pneumococcal diseases in majority of children and adults. The capsule is a significant virulence factor of Pneumococci which determines the bacterial serotype and is the component used for synthesis of pneumococcal vaccines. This cross-sectional study aimed to isolate Streptococcus pneumoniae from clinical samples and determine the occurrence of its circulating serotypes in Assam, North East India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 80 clinical samples were collected from June 2019 to May 2020 from patients clinically suspected from pneumococcal infection and also included samples routinely sent to bacteriology laboratory. Isolation and identification of S. pneumoniae was performed using conventional culture and molecular methods. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were monitored. Capsular serotyping was performed using PCR of cpsA gene followed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS Majority of the cases suspected of pneumococcal infection belong to the paediatric group aged less than 5 years. Out of 80 samples, 10 (12.50%) were found to be positive by PCR of recP gene. Culture was positive in 80% (8/10) of the total positives. Co-trimoxazole resistance was seen in 33.33% of the isolate from sputum. Serotypes 6A, 6B, 6C and 19F were detected in our region, out of which 6C is a non-vaccine serotype. CONCLUSION Continued surveillance is needed to monitor trends in non-vaccine serotypes that may emerge as highly associated with antibiotic resistance. Also, the need to continuous monitoring of the antibiotic susceptibility of S. pneumoniae in North eastern parts of India is of outmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikshita Mazumdar
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Anisha Sarma
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Devyashree Medhi
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Ridip Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Manjuri Kataki
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Lakshyasri Baishya
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Bornali Sharma Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, 781032, Assam, India.
| | - Lahari Saikia
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, 781032, Assam, India.
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QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Percentage* of Adults Aged 50-75 Years Who Received the Recommended Colorectal Cancer Screening,(†) by Sex and Family Income(§) - National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2021(¶). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023; 72:699. [PMID: 37347714 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7225a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
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Páramo-Rodríguez L, Moreno-Marro S, Guardiola-Vilarroig S, Zurriaga O, Cavero-Carbonell C. [Huntington disease in the Valencian Region]. Rev Neurol 2023; 76:343-350. [PMID: 37231547 PMCID: PMC10478134 DOI: 10.33588/rn.7611.2022088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Huntington disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by unwanted choreatic movements, behavioral and psychiatric disturbances and dementia. OBJECTIVE Describe the geographical, age and sex distribution of HD in the Valencia Region (VR) and determine its prevalence and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study for the period 2010-2018. Confirmed cases of HD were identified through the Rare Disease Information System of the VR. Sociodemographic characteristics were described, and the prevalence and mortality rate were obtained. RESULTS 225 cases were identified, 50.2% women. 52.0% lived in the province of Alicante. 68.9% were verified by their clinical diagnosis. The median age at diagnosis was 54.1 years, 54.7 years in men and 53.0 years in women. The prevalence in 2018 was 1.97/100,000 inhabitants (95%; CI: 0.39-2.37), showing a no significant increasing trend, overall and by sex. 49.8% died, 51.8% men. The median age at death was 62.7 years, being lower in men than in women. The mortality rate in 2018 was 0.32/100,000 inhabitants (95%; CI: 0.32-2.28), with no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence obtained was within the range estimated by Orphanet (1-9/100,000). A difference between sexes was observed in the diagnosis age. Men are the group with the highest mortality and the earliest age of death. It is a disease with high mortality with an average of 6.5 years between diagnosis and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Páramo-Rodríguez
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, España
| | - S Moreno-Marro
- Universitat de València, 46071 Valencia, España
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, España
| | - S Guardiola-Vilarroig
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, España
- Conselleria de Sanitat de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, España
| | - O Zurriaga
- Universitat de València, 46071 Valencia, España
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, España
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - C Cavero-Carbonell
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, España
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Adams LB, Thorpe RJ. Achieving mental health equity in Black male suicide prevention. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1113222. [PMID: 37064715 PMCID: PMC10098101 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1113222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a steady decrease in suicide rates in the United States, the rate among Black males has increased in recent decades. Moreover, suicide is now positioned as the third leading cause of death in this population, signaling a public health crisis. Enhancing the ability for future suicide prevention scholars to fully characterize and intervene on suicide risk factors is an emerging health equity priority, yet there is little empirical evidence to robustly investigate the alarming trends in Black male suicide. We present fundamental areas of expansion in suicide prevention research focused on establishing culturally responsive strategies to achieve mental health equity. Notably, we identify gaps in existing research and offer future recommendation to reduce suicide death among Black males. Our perspective aims to present important and innovative solutions for ensuring the inclusion of Black males in need of suicide prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B. Adams
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Program for Research on Men's Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Mujica OJ, Zhang D, Hu Y, Espinosa IC, Araneda N, Dragomir A, Luta G, Sanhueza A. Inequalities in Violent Death across Income Levels among Young Males and Females in Countries of the Americas. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5256. [PMID: 37047871 PMCID: PMC10094469 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violent deaths (i.e., those due to road traffic injury, homicide, and suicide) are among the most important causes of premature and preventable mortality in young people. This study aimed at exploring inequalities in violent death across income levels between males and females aged 10 to 24 years from the Americas in 2015, the SDG baseline year. METHODS In a cross-sectional ecological study design, eleven standard summary measures of health inequality were calculated separately for males and females and for each cause of violent death, using age-adjusted mortality rates and average income per capita for 17 countries, which accounted for 87.9% of the target population. RESULTS Premature mortality due to road traffic injury and homicide showed a pro-poor inequality pattern, whereas premature mortality due to suicide showed a pro-rich inequality pattern. These inequalities were statistically significant (p < 0.001), particularly concentrated among young males, and dominated by homicide. The ample array of summary measures of health inequality tended to generate convergent results. CONCLUSIONS Significant inequalities in violent death among young people seems to be in place across countries of the Americas, and they seem to be socially determined by both income and gender. These findings shed light on the epidemiology of violent death in young people and can inform priorities for regional public health action. However, further investigation is needed to confirm inequality patterns and to explore underlying mechanisms, age- and sex-specific vulnerabilities, and gender-based drivers of such inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dihui Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Isabel C. Espinosa
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nelson Araneda
- Department of Education, University of La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Anca Dragomir
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - George Luta
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Balint L, Osvath P, Kapitany B, Rihmer Z, Nemeth A, Dome P. Suicide in Hungary during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Subgroup investigations. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:453-458. [PMID: 36642307 PMCID: PMC9836994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 may unfavourably affect the mental health of individuals in various ways. Accordingly, the concern has been raised that national suicide rates will increase in the wake of the outbreak of the pandemic. METHODS In the current study, we tested this conjecture in three age groups (<25; 25-64; ≥65) of the Hungarian total population and the male and female populations. In addition, we assessed whether the pandemic had different effects on counts of suicides committed by violent or non-violent methods. Finally, by comparing the monthly suicide rates in 2020 and the corresponding monthly rates in 2019, we also investigated the "pulling together" hypothesis that postulates that a temporary decrease in suicides may occur after large-scale catastrophic events. RESULTS With regard to the total population only the suicide counts of individuals aged 25-64 rose significantly (p < 0.05) during the COVID months of 2020. Similar patterns, but at lower levels of significance (0.05 < p < 0.1), were found in those members of the total population aged 65 or older and among males aged between 25 and 64. Furthermore, we found that the number of violent suicides increased significantly (p < 0.05) during the COVID months. Finally, our results have not confirmed the existence of a "pulling together" phenomenon in association with the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary. LIMITATIONS We used non-individual level data and were therefore unable to control suicide risk factors at the level of individuals. DISCUSSION The number of suicides rose significantly in some subgroups of the Hungarian population during the COVID months of 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Balint
- Demographic Research Institute of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Sociology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Osvath
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Kapitany
- Demographic Research Institute of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Rihmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Nemeth
- National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Dome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary.
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Deshmukh AA, Damgacioglu H, Georges D, Sonawane K, Ferlay J, Bray F, Clifford GM. Global burden of HPV-attributable squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in 2020, according to sex and HIV status: A worldwide analysis. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:417-428. [PMID: 36054026 PMCID: PMC9771908 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is caused by HPV, and is elevated in persons living with HIV (PLWHIV). We aimed to estimate sex- and HIV-stratified SCCA burden at a country, regional and global level. Using anal cancer incidence estimates from 185 countries available through GLOBOCAN 2020, and region/country-specific proportions of SCCA vs non-SCCA from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) Volume XI database, we estimated country- and sex-specific SCCA incidence. Proportions of SCCA diagnosed in PLWHIV, and attributable to HIV, were calculated using estimates of HIV prevalence (UNAIDS 2019) and relative risk applied to SCCA incidence. Of 30 416 SCCA estimated globally in 2020, two-thirds occurred in women (19 792) and one-third among men (10 624). Fifty-three percent of male SCCA and 65% of female SCCA occurred in countries with a very high Human Development Index (HDI). Twenty-one percent of the global male SCCA burden occurred in PLWHIV (n = 2203), largely concentrated in North America, Europe and Africa. While, only 3% of global female SCCA burden (n = 561) occurred in PLWHIV, mainly in Africa. The global age-standardized incidence rate of HIV-negative SCCA was higher in women (0.55 cases per 100 000) than men (0.28), whereas HIV-positive SCCA was higher in men (0.07) than women (0.02). HIV prevalence reached >40% in 22 countries for male SCCA and in 10 countries for female SCCA, mostly in Africa. Understanding global SCCA burden by HIV status can inform SCCA prevention programs (through HPV vaccination, screening and HIV control) and help raise awareness to combat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish A. Deshmukh
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haluk Damgacioglu
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Damien Georges
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Kalyani Sonawane
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacques Ferlay
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Gary M. Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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Pan R, dos Santos PMF, Resende IL, do Nascimento KG, Adorno J, da Cunha MTR, Freitas NDO. Domestic burns that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a descriptive cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2023; 141:4-11. [PMID: 36102454 PMCID: PMC9808995 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0888.r1.22022022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to "stay at home" restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people spent more time at home leading to an increase in home accidents, including burns. OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiology of burns that occurred within homes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTINGS This was a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample. METHODS Data were collected through the distribution of survey links on social networking sites and websites, and through email between December 2020 and February 2021. Participants were over 18 years of age, living in Brazil. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and dispersion statistics. RESULTS A total of 939 adults (aged > 18 years) participated in this study. The mean age was 37.2 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.5), 75.6% were female, 70.0% self-reported white skin color, 74% had completed higher education, and 28.1% had an income of 3 to 6 times the monthly minimum wage. A total of 21.6% suffered burns during the pandemic, 44.3% from a hot object. Approximately 49.3% never had access to a burn prevention campaign. CONCLUSION It is necessary to develop burn prevention strategies that reach a wider population and to strengthen public policies to reduce the prevalence of domestic burns, especially during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pan
- PhD. Adjunct Professor, Department of Nursing in Hospital Assistance, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba (MG), Brazil
| | - Paola Maria Freitas dos Santos
- RN. Resident, Program of Multiprofessional Integrated Residency in Health of Elderly, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba (MG), Brazil
| | - Isabella Luiz Resende
- RN. Master Student, Health Care Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba (MG), Brazil
| | - Kleiton Gonçalves do Nascimento
- PhD. Administrative Nurse Technician, Department of Nursing in Hospital Assistance, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba (MG), Brazil
| | - José Adorno
- MSc. Coordinator, Burns and Plastic Surgery Service, Santa Lucia Hospital, Brasilia (DF), Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio Rodrigues da Cunha
- PhD. Adjunct Professor, Department of Clinical Surgery, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba (MG), Brazil
| | - Noélle de Oliveira Freitas
- PhD. Professor, Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Universidade de Guarulhos (UNG), Guarulhos (SP), Brazil
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Young LJ, Xiang H. US racial and sex-based disparities in firearm-related death trends from 1981-2020. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278304. [PMID: 36516140 PMCID: PMC9749976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Firearms cause the most suicides (60%) and homicides (36%) in the US. The high lethality and availability of firearms make them a particularly dangerous method of attempted violence. The aim of this study was to study US trends in firearm suicide and homicide mortality and years of potential life lost before age 75 (YPLL-75) between 1981 and 2020. METHODS Data in this cross-sectional study were collected between 1981 and 2020 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s WISQARS database for fatal injury and violence. Data from the US population were considered for all age groups and were divided by racial groups and sex for analysis. RESULTS Those most heavily impacted by firearm homicide were Black, with homicide age-adjusted death rates almost seven times higher than White people. A spike in firearm homicide deaths occurred between 2019 and 2020, with Black people having the largest increase (39%). White people had the highest rates of firearm suicide, and suicide death rates increased between 2019 and 2020. Increases in homicide and suicide YPLL-75 between 2011 and 2020 had most heavily impacted minority populations. Men had a firearm suicide rate that was seven times higher than women, and a firearm homicide rate that was five times higher than women. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Black and White men were most impacted by firearm deaths, and that firearm homicide and suicide rates increased between 2019 and 2020 for all racial groups except Asian/Pacific Islander. Our results suggest that prevention efforts should focus on specific demographic factors and articulate the urgency to mitigate firearm-related deaths in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J. Young
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Henry Xiang
- Center for Pediatric Trauma Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hawley S, Dela S, Burton A, Paruk F, Cassim B, Gregson CL. Incidence and number of fragility fractures of the hip in South Africa: estimated projections from 2020 to 2050. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:2575-2583. [PMID: 35962821 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing rapid population ageing and better understanding of the burden of musculoskeletal conditions is needed. We have estimated a large increase in the burden of hip fractures for South Africa over the coming decades. These findings should support preparation of hip fracture services to meet this demand. INTRODUCTION A better understanding of the burden of fragility fractures in sub-Saharan Africa is needed to inform healthcare planning. We aimed to use recent hip fracture incidence data from South Africa (SA) to estimate the future burden of hip fracture for the country over the next three decades. METHODS Hip fracture incidence data within the Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape provinces of SA were obtained from patients aged ≥ 40 years with a radiograph-confirmed hip fracture in one of 94 included hospitals. Age-, sex- and ethnicity-specific incidence rates were generated using the 2011 SA census population for the study areas. Incidence rates were standardised to United Nations (UN) population projections, for the years 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050, and absolute numbers of hip fractures derived. RESULTS The 2767 hip fracture patients studied had mean (SD) age 73.7 (12.7) years; 69% were female. Estimated age- and ethnicity-standardised incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years) for the overall SA population in 2020 were 81.2 for females and 43.1 for males. Overall projected incidence rates were discernibly higher by the year 2040 and increased further by the year 2050 (109.0 and 54.1 for females and males, respectively). Estimates of the overall annual number of hip fractures for SA increased from approximately 11,000 in 2020 to approximately 26,400 by 2050. CONCLUSION The hip fracture burden for SA is expected to more than double over the next 30 years. Significant investment in fracture prevention services and inpatient fracture care is likely to be needed to meet this demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hawley
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Learning and Research Building, Level 1, BS10 5NB, Bristol, UK.
| | - Sapna Dela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Anya Burton
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Learning and Research Building, Level 1, BS10 5NB, Bristol, UK
| | - Farhanah Paruk
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bilkish Cassim
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Learning and Research Building, Level 1, BS10 5NB, Bristol, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Melki S, Mizouni G, Chebil D, Ben Abdelaziz A. Tuberculosis epidemiological trend in Sousse, Tunisia during twenty years (2000-2019). Libyan J Med 2022; 17:2003968. [PMID: 34802395 PMCID: PMC8635596 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2021.2003968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the last two decades (2000-2019) in the East region of Tunisia (city of Sousse). This was a descriptive retrospective analysis of notified incident cases of tuberculosis from 2000 to 2019 in Sousse Governorate, Tunisia. The data collection was done via the regional registry of tuberculosis. Stata software was used to characterize the socio-demographic and clinical profile of tuberculosis, to calculate its incidence, mortality and fatality rates and to determine predictive factors of mortality. R software was used to analyze the chronological trend of tuberculosis incidence and mortality. A total of 2606 incident cases of tuberculosis were declared from 2000 to 2019 in Sousse. The mean age was 39 ± 19 years with a sex ratio (male/female) of 1.19. Only one case was HIV positive among the total 2606 incident cases. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis was the most recorded (1,534 cases, 58.9%). The mean annual case notification and deaths were 130 and four respectively. After adjusting for confounders, individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis were 1.9 significantly more likely to die from tuberculosis compared to those suffering from extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. There was a trend of increasing mortality with increasing age. The association was statistically significant only for those above 60 years' old who had 12.5 times higher odds of dying compared to those below 60 years. After adjusting for age and gender, with every year there was an increase in the total incidence rate (+0.35 per 100,000) with p = 0.005 and in the extra-pulmonary incidence (+0.27 per 100,000), with p = 0.001. This study demonstrated the increasing trend of tuberculosis in Sousse, Tunisia from 2000 to 2019. The national program against tuberculosis should enhance community knowledge and centralize the national and regional epidemiological information for better epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Melki
- Resident of Preventive and Community Medicine, Information System Department, University Hospital of Sahloul, SousseTunisia
| | - Ghodhbani Mizouni
- Director of the Regional Directorate of Basic Healthcare, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Dhekra Chebil
- Associate Professor of Community and Preventive Medicine, Hospital Hygiene Service, Kairouan University Hospital, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Ben Abdelaziz
- Professor of Preventive and Community Medicine, Information System Department, University Hospital of Sahloul, Tunisia
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Watson AS, Goutam S, Stukalin I, Ewanchuk BW, Sander M, Meyers DE, Pabani A, Cheung WY, Heng DYC, Cheng T, Monzon JG, Navani V. Association of Immune-Related Adverse Events, Hospitalization, and Therapy Resumption With Survival Among Patients With Metastatic Melanoma Receiving Single-Agent or Combination Immunotherapy. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2245596. [PMID: 36480204 PMCID: PMC9856439 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.45596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) have been shown to be positively associated with survival. Among patients with metastatic melanoma, evidence supporting this association has been conflicting, while ipilimumab-nivolumab combination ICB has been examined only in small clinical cohorts. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between irAEs and survival among patients with metastatic melanoma, in particular for those receiving combination ICB. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective cohort of 492 consecutive patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ICB at 2 tertiary and 4 regional cancer centers in Alberta, Canada, from August 1, 2013, to May 31, 2020, was observed. Patients were aged 18 years or older with metastatic melanoma agnostic to primary site, who received 1 or more doses of an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 agent as single or combination ICB. Clinically significant irAEs requiring systemic corticosteroids and/or treatment delay were captured. To minimize immortal time bias, only patients surviving 12 weeks after ICB initiation were included in survival analyses. Statistical analysis was conducted on December 10, 2021. EXPOSURES Development of irAEs requiring systemic corticosteroids and/or treatment delay. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), with the association of irAE development with OS assessed via Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. The association of hospitalization for irAEs and ICB resumption after irAE with OS was examined. RESULTS Among 492 patients, the median age of those with irAEs was 61.8 years (IQR, 52.9-72.1 years), and the median age of those without irAEs was 65.5 years (IQR, 56.5-76.9 years), while sex distribution was comparable (137 of 198 men [69.2%] with irAEs vs 183 of 294 men [62.2%] without irAEs). There was an association between irAEs and OS both in the overall cohort (with irAEs: median OS, 56.3 months [95% CI, 38.2 months to not evaluable] vs without irAEs: median OS, 18.5 months [95% CI, 14.4-23.2 months]; P < .001) and in the 124 patients (25.2%) receiving combination ICB (with irAEs: median OS, 56.2 months [95% CI, 52.2 months to not evaluable] vs without irAEs: median OS, 19.0 months [95% CI, 6.6 months to not evaluable]; P < .001). Hospitalization for irAE did not alter this positive association with OS compared with outpatient treatment (median OS, not evaluable [95% CI, 31.5 months to not evaluable] vs median OS, 52.2 months [95% CI, 35.2 months to not evaluable]; P = .53), while resumption of ICB was associated with longer OS than not resuming ICB (median, 56.3 months [95% CI, 40.8 months to not evaluable] vs 31.5 months [95% CI, 21.0 months to not evaluable]; P = .009). A favorable independent association of irAEs with OS was confirmed in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio for death, 0.382 [95% CI, 0.254-0.576]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study suggests an association between irAEs and OS for patients with metastatic melanoma, including those treated with combination ICB and those with severe irAEs requiring hospitalization. The potential benefit associated with ICB resumption after irAEs warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Watson
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Siddhartha Goutam
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Igor Stukalin
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Michael Sander
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel E. Meyers
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aliyah Pabani
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Winson Y. Cheung
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Y. C. Heng
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tina Cheng
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jose G. Monzon
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vishal Navani
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Spark TL, Adams RS, Hoffmire CA, Forster JE, Brenner LA. Are We Undercounting the True Burden of Mortality Related to Suicide, Alcohol-Related, or Drug Use? An Analysis Using Veteran Colorado Death Certificate Data. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 192:720-731. [PMID: 36331287 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Knowledge regarding deaths due to suicide, alcohol-related, or drug-related causes may be limited by inconsistent and/or restrictive case definitions, resulting in concerns regarding validity of findings and underestimates of burden. In this proof-of-concept study, we assessed varying case definitions (suicide, alcohol-related, drug-related mortality using underlying cause of death [UCOD] versus multiple cause of death [MCOD]) based on counts and rates among Colorado Veterans who died (2009-2020). Suicide, alcohol-related, or drug-related ICD-10 codes were identified, and two case definitions were compared: UCOD; qualifying ICD-10 code listed as the UCOD; and MCOD; qualifying ICD-10 code in any cause of death field. Of 109,314 decedents, the number and age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 persons) significantly increased when including MCOD: UCOD, n=4,930 (110.3/100,000) versus MCOD, n= 6,954 (138.4/100,000). While rates of suicide mortality did not change, alcohol-related mortality doubled with the more inclusive case-definition: UCOD 1,752 (27.3/100,000) versus MCOD 3,847 (59.8/100,000). Alcohol use disorder codes accounted for 71% of additional alcohol-related deaths captured with the MCOD definition. Studies that rely on UCOD codes may be underestimating the burden of deaths, especially alcohol-related deaths. Increased effort is required to reevaluate current classifications of deaths associated with suicide, alcohol-use, or drug-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia L Spark
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Injury and Violence Prevention Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel Sayko Adams
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Institute for Behavioral Health, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claire A Hoffmire
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jeri E Forster
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Anschutz School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Injury and Violence Prevention Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Psychiatry, Anschutz School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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Joachim MV, Abdo M, Alkeesh K, Oettinger-Barak O, Abozaid S, El-Naaj IA. Factors associated with prolonged hospitalizations from odontogenic infections in children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 46:40-44. [PMID: 36624903 DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2022.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oro-facial infections are common pathologies comprising a substantial health concern in the pediatric population. Incorrect or late treatment may lead to serious and possibly life-threatening complications. The aim of this study is to analyze variables associated with prolonged length of hospital stays (LOS) due to odontogenic infections in children. STUDY DESIGN Data was collected from the records of patients (age <15 years) hospitalized due to odontogenic infections at Poriya Medical Center during the period of 1/2010-12/2015. Patients with oro-facial infections originating from other organs were excluded from the study as well as children with underlying systemic medical conditions that may affect recovery. RESULTS A total of 411 patients (mean age 6.5 ± 2 years) were included in this study, with 58.4% being male. There were significantly higher (p < 0.05) values of white blood cell (WBC) counts in patients with >3 days LOS. Patients with >3 days LOS were also significantly older (8.4 vs. 6.3 years). There were no significant differences in sex distribution or other clinical or laboratory parameters between the groups. CONCLUSION Older child age and higher WBC counts on admission are indicators for prolonged LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Joachim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Mary Abdo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
| | - Kutaiba Alkeesh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
| | | | - Said Abozaid
- Department of Pediatrics, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
| | - Imad Abu El-Naaj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Cai Y, Shen X, Lu L, Yan H, Huang H, Gaule P, Muca E, Theriot CM, Rattray Z, Rattray NJW, Lu J, Ahuja N, Zhang Y, Paty PB, Khan SA, Johnson CH. Bile acid distributions, sex-specificity, and prognosis in colorectal cancer. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:61. [PMID: 36274154 PMCID: PMC9590160 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids are known to be genotoxic and contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the link between CRC tumor bile acids to tumor location, patient sex, microbiome, immune-regulatory cells, and prognosis is not clear. METHODS We conducted bile acid analysis using targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) on tumor tissues from CRC patients (n = 228) with survival analysis. We performed quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) on tumors to examine immune cells. RESULTS Twelve of the bile acids were significantly higher in right-sided colon tumors compared to left-sided colon tumors. Furthermore, in male patients, right-sided colon tumors had elevated secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid) compared to left-sided colon tumors, but this difference between tumors by location was not observed in females. A high ratio of glycoursodeoxycholic to ursodeoxycholic was associated with 5-year overall survival (HR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.17 to 12.1, P = 0.026), and a high ratio of glycochenodeoxycholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid was associated with 5-year recurrence-free survival (HR = 3.61, 95% CI = 1.10 to 11.84, P = 0.034). We also show correlation between these bile acids and FoxP3 + T regulatory cells. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the distribution of bile acid abundances in colon cancer patients is tumor location-, age- and sex-specific, and are linked to patient prognosis. This study provides new implications for targeting bile acid metabolism, microbiome, and immune responses for colon cancer patients by taking into account primary tumor location and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Cai
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
- grid.422150.00000 0001 1015 4378Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xinyi Shen
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Hong Yan
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Huang Huang
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Patricia Gaule
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Engjel Muca
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Zahra Rattray
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE UK
| | - Nicholas J. W. Rattray
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE UK
| | - Jun Lu
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Nita Ahuja
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Philip B. Paty
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Sajid A. Khan
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Caroline H. Johnson
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
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Longwill S, Moore M, Flitcroft DI, Loughman J. Using electronic medical record data to establish and monitor the distribution of refractive errors . J Optom 2022; 15 Suppl 1:S32-S42. [PMID: 36220741 PMCID: PMC9732486 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the baseline distribution of refractive errors and associated factors amongst a population that attended primary care optometry clinics. DESIGN Retrospective cross sectional cohort study of electronic medical records (EMR). METHODS Electronic medical record data was extracted from forty optometry clinics, representing a mix of urban and rural areas in Ireland. The analysis was confined to demographic and clinical data gathered over a sixty-month period between 2015 and 2019. Distribution rates were calculated using the absolute and relative frequencies of refractive error in the dataset, stratified for age and gender using the following definitions: high myopia ≤ -6.00 D, myopia ≤ -0.50 D, hyperopia ≥ +0.50 D, astigmatism ≤ -0.75 DC and anisometropia ≥ 1.00 D. Visual acuity data was used to explore vision impairment rates in the population. Further analysis was carried out on a gender and age-adjusted subset of the EMR data, to match the proportion of patients in each age grouping to the population distribution in the most recent (2016) Irish census. RESULTS 153,598 clinic records were eligible for analysis. Refractive errors ranged from -26.00 to +18.50 D. Myopia was present in 32.7%, of which high myopia represented 2.4%, hyperopia in 40.1%, astigmatism in 38.3% and anisometropia in 13.4% of participants. The clinic distribution of hyperopia, astigmatism and anisometropia peaked in older age groups, whilst the myopia burden was highest amongst people in their twenties. A higher proportion of females were myopic, whilst a higher proportion of males were hyperopic and astigmatic. Vision impairment (LogMAR > 0.3) was present in 2.4% of participants. In the gender and age- adjusted distribution model, myopia was the most common refractive state, affecting 38.8% of patients. CONCLUSION Although EMR data is not representative of the population as a whole, it is likely to provide a reasonable representation of the distribution of clinically significant (symptomatic) refractive errors. In the absence of any ongoing traditional epidemiological studies of refractive error in Ireland, this study establishes, for the first time, the distribution of refractive errors observed in clinical practice settings. This will serve as a baseline for future temporal trend analysis of the changing pattern of the distribution of refractive error in EMR data. This methodology could be deployed as a useful epidemiological resource in similar settings where primary eyecare coverage for the management of refractive error is well established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán Longwill
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Michael Moore
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Ian Flitcroft
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Loughman
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Wiem BA, Hela S, Malek Z, Narjes K, Zouhir H, Samir M. Patterns of homicide in Sfax, Tunisia: A 9-year cohort study (2011-2019). Crim Behav Ment Health 2022; 32:350-357. [PMID: 36128605 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Tunisia, since the January 2011 revolution, there has been considerable media interest in violence, particularly homicides. A popular perspective is, aside from any politically motivated killings, of a rise in homicides from year to year. In the absence of Tunisian national homicide statistics, a more accurate picture may be obtainable from area pathologist records. AIMS To examine annual homicide rates from post-mortem data for the second largest administrative area of Tunisia, Sfax, with a mixed urban-rural population of about one million people. METHODS All victims of common law homicide for the region are taken to the forensic department of one hospital in Sfax. We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study of all such cases of homicide for the 9 year period from the date of the fall of the Tunisian government in 14 January 2011 to 31 December 2019 and linked these data to those from earlier studies in the same department. RESULTS One hundred and nine victims of unlawful homicide were identified during this nine year period, with an average of 12 cases per year and a peak of 17 cases in 2016, yielding a broadly consistent rate of 1.2 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants and no consistent pattern in fluctuations. Just over two-thirds of the victims were men. Mean age of victims was 34.85 years (range 8-90 years). Just under half were married (45%); largest employment groups were of low-paid casual workers (40%) or unemployed (28%). One third of the killings had taken place in a private residence, with interpersonal conflict given as the largest explanatory category; over one quarter were intra-familial and 14% between intimate partners. There was some seasonal variation, with nearly two-thirds of homicides occurring in the spring and summer months. CONCLUSION Contrary to press hype, we found no evidence of rising homicide rates in Southern Tunisia, although this does represent a different picture from that in the north of the country. The seasonal variation would merit further exploration as it raises questions around impact of fluctuations in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Amar Wiem
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Forensic Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Siala Hela
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Forensic Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zribi Malek
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Forensic Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Karray Narjes
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Forensic Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hammami Zouhir
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Forensic Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Maatoug Samir
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Forensic Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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Grigoriev P, Klüsener S, van Raalte A. Quantifying the contribution of smoking to regional mortality disparities in Germany: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064249. [PMID: 36180117 PMCID: PMC9528608 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Substantial regional variation in smoking behaviour in Germany has been well documented. However, little is known about how these regional differences in smoking affect regional mortality disparities. We aim to assess the contribution of smoking to regional mortality differentials in Germany over the last four decades. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using official cause-specific mortality data by German Federal State aggregated into five macro-regions: East, North, South, West-I and West-II. PARTICIPANTS The entire population of Germany stratified by sex, age and region during 1980-2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Smoking-attributable fraction estimated using the Preston-Glei-Wilmoth method; life expectancy at birth before and after the elimination of smoking-attributable deaths. RESULTS In all macro-regions, the burden of past smoking has been declining among men but growing rapidly among women. The hypothetical removal of smoking-attributable deaths would eliminate roughly half of the contemporary advantage in life expectancy of the vanguard region South over the other macro-regions, apart from the East. In the latter, smoking only explains around a quarter (0.5 years) of the 2-year difference in male life expectancy compared with the South observed in 2019. Among women, eliminating smoking-attributable deaths would put the East in a more disadvantageous position compared with the South as well as the other macro-regions. CONCLUSION While regional differences in smoking histories explain large parts of the regional disparities in male mortality, they are playing an increasingly important role for female mortality trends and differentials. Health policies aiming at reducing regional inequalities should account for regional differences in past smoking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Grigoriev
- Demographic Change and Longevity, Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klüsener
- Demographic Change and Longevity, Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), Wiesbaden, Germany
- Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Wilson MM, Pollock NJ, Power ND, Karaivanov Y, Mulay S, Reccord C. Sex differences in suicide mortality in Newfoundland and Labrador: An observational study with medical examiner data from 1997 to 2016. Health Rep 2022; 33:31-38. [PMID: 35984952 DOI: 10.25318/82-003-x202200800003-eng] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the suicide rate is two times higher for males than for females. Previous studies in Newfoundland and Labrador did not examine age-specific rates by sex. The objectives of this study were to determine suicide rates by sex and age group and to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of males and females who died by suicide. DATA AND METHODS This observational study analyzed a routinely collected dataset based on all medical examiner-determined suicide deaths among people aged 10 years and older in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, between 1997 and 2016. Age-standardized and age-specific suicide rates and rate ratios were calculated based on the number of deaths during the period, and descriptive statistics were used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics between males and females. RESULTS The age-standardized suicide rate was 4.6 times higher among males than females and was higher for males in most age groups. Rates were highest in the young adult age groups for males (20 to 24 years) and females (35 to 39 years). Males who died by suicide were more likely to be from a rural community and to have died by firearm; females were more likely to die by self-poisoning and to have had a mental illness or substance use history. INTERPRETATION The results are broadly consistent with previous research, though this is the first study to report age-specific suicide rates among females across the life course in Newfoundland and Labrador. The results underscore the need to design public health and clinical interventions that account for sex differences in suicide risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo M Wilson
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
| | - Nathaniel J Pollock
- Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
- School of Arctic and Subarctic Studies, Labrador Campus, Memorial University, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Nicole D Power
- Planning, Privacy, and Performance Department, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
| | - Yordan Karaivanov
- Medical Services, Labrador Health Centre, Labrador-Grenfell Health
- Northern Family Medicine Program, Discipline of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
| | - Shree Mulay
- Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
| | - Charlene Reccord
- Department of Research and Innovation, Eastern Health, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
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Garcia EC, Vieira PSC, de Andrade Viana RC, Mariano FC, de Brito MIB, de Araújo Feitosa Neto J, Lima NNR, Neto MLR. Domestic violence and suicide in India. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 127:105573. [PMID: 35220073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
India has the highest number of suicides in the world. Indian men account for a quarter of global suicides, while Indian women account for 36% of all global suicides in the 15-39 age group. One suicide every 25 min. These are not isolated incidents. Mental health experts say that one of the main reasons for this situation is rampant domestic violence. India's official data are hugely underestimated and do not convey the true scale of the problem. Women from this country are responsible for 36% of global female suicide deaths. In a country like India, with its wide sociocultural variations, there can be multiple risk factors: hanging, pesticide consumption, drug overdose, and self-immolation. Access to these "lethal" resources is an important factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Cruz Garcia
- Resident in Gynecology at the School of Medicine of the Federal University of Carri - UFCA, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Suyã Costa Vieira
- Resident in Gynecology at the School of Medicine of the Federal University of Carri - UFCA, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Cardoso Mariano
- Resident in Gynecology at the School of Medicine of the Federal University of Carri - UFCA, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mara Iany Braga de Brito
- Resident in Gynecology at the School of Medicine of the Federal University of Carri - UFCA, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jose de Araújo Feitosa Neto
- Resident in Gynecology at the School of Medicine of the Federal University of Carri - UFCA, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nadia Nara Rolim Lima
- Specialist in Psychoanalysis and Researcher at the Postgraduate Course in Neuropsychiatry at the Universidae Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Modesto Leite Rolim Neto
- Coordinator of the Laboratory of Narrativity, Vulnerabilities and Clinical Decisions, at the School of Medidina, Universidade Federal do Cariri - UFCA, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil.
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Noorbala AA, Maleki A, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh E, Hoseinzadeh Z, Hajibabaei M, Sharafi SE, Kamali K. Survey on Mental Health Status in Iranian Population Aged 15 and Above One Year after the Outbreak of COVID-19 Disease: A Population-Based Study. Arch Iran Med 2022; 25:201-208. [PMID: 35942991 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are the most common health problems that affect different population groups. According to the national survey in 2015 based on General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), 23.44% of Iranians older than 15 years were suspected of having a mental disorder. The study aimed to determine the mental health status of the population over 15 years of age in the Islamic Republic of Iran, one year after the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020. METHODS The population-based study was performed on 24584 individuals over 15 years of age in Iran between December and February, 2020. The GHQ-28 was completed through telephone interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent t-test, and multiple logistic regression at 95% confidence level. RESULTS The results showed that the mean age of participants was 44.18±16.47 years. The prevalence of mental disorders was 29.7%. Mental disorder was associated with female gender (OR=1.195, 95% CI 1.10-1.29), 25-44 years (OR=1.206, 95% CI 1.06-1.36), urban life (OR=1.116, 95% CI 1.04-1.19), illiteracy (OR=1.286, 95% CI 1.11-1.48), being divorced (OR=1.924, 95% CI 1.50- 2.45), and unemployment (OR=1.657, 95% CI 1.40-1.94). Among the participants and their families, 14.7% and 32.3% were infected with the disease, respectively. The COVID-19 mortality rate in their families was 13.2%. The prevalence of mental disorders in infected people (40% vs. 27.3%) and bereaved families (39.6% vs. 35.3%) was more than the non-infected groups. CONCLUSION Our results showed that in Iran, the mental health of the general population had a rising trend compared to 2015, especially in people infected with COVID-19 and bereaved families. The observed difference may be due to the prevalence of the COVID-19 epidemic and rapid demographic, social, and economic changes in Iran. Planning to improve mental health in the mentioned population should be considered for the post COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali Noorbala
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Maleki
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Elham Faghihzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zarrintag Hoseinzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Hajibabaei
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elham Sharafi
- Psychosomatic Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Abstract
Epidemiological aspects of explosion-related deaths in a civilian setting may bring comprehensive knowledge that is important for prevention efforts. This Swedish national study aimed to describe the extent of such deaths, circumstances and fatal injuries. Data, including all explosion-related deaths in Sweden from 2000 through 2018, were retrieved from the register of the National Board of Forensic Medicine. Among all 87 cases found, accidental deaths accounted for 62%, suicides for 21%, homicides for 7% and undetermined manner of death for the remaining 10% of cases. Most victims died on site. Adult males dominated in the study material, but explosions also killed four children. Explosives were most commonly involved in occupational blast deaths, suicides and homicides, followed by flammable gases and fluids. The incidence showed a significant decrease since the 1980s, based on the incidence rate from this study and a previous Swedish study (1979-1984). As already rare occurrences, blast-related deaths are challenging to prevent. Prevention efforts are needed to restrict the availability of explosives and focus on lowering the occupational risk for injury. In addition, child deaths must not be neglected. A vision of no fatalities is an appropriate goal for acting against explosion-related deaths in a civilian setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mensura Junuzovic
- Mensura Junuzovic, Department of Community
Medicine and Rehabilitation, Forensic Medicine, Umeå University, SE-907 12 Umeå, Sweden.
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Mevorach D, Anis E, Cedar N, Hasin T, Bromberg M, Goldberg L, Parnasa E, Dichtiar R, Hershkovitz Y, Ash N, Green MS, Keinan-Boker L, Alroy-Preis S. Myocarditis after BNT162b2 Vaccination in Israeli Adolescents. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:998-999. [PMID: 35081295 PMCID: PMC8823652 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2116999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilia Anis
- Israeli Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Cedar
- Israeli Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Hasin
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Rita Dichtiar
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Nachman Ash
- Israeli Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
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