1
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Wolf N. The role of the concept of solidarity for just distribution of bioethical goods in the international area. Bioethics 2024; 38:344-350. [PMID: 38367213 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This analysis investigates whether solidarity is an appropriate concept for thinking about justifications for a just distribution of bioethical goods in the international arena. This will be explored by looking at the national origins of the idea of justifying solidarity in the form of the health care that welfare states offer. Following that, 'life' and 'health' will be placed within a philosophical context by focusing on the main arguments of John Rawls and Amartya Sen and the role of solidarity in these two theories of justice will be analysed. It will be shown that these theories assume that solidarity is not a prerequisite for just international structures. Finally, the possibility will be discussed, that there is a degree of uncertainty surrounding justifications for fair distribution in the international context that can result when the concepts of solidarity and justice are handled imprecisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Wolf
- Hochschule Fresenius München-University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
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2
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Baker R. Anchor bias, autonomy, and 20th-century bioethicists' blindness to racism. Bioethics 2024; 38:275-281. [PMID: 38165654 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The central thesis of this article is that by anchoring bioethics' core conceptual armamentarium in a four-principled theory emphasizing autonomy and treating justice as a principle of allocation, theorists inadvertently biased 20th-century bioethical scholarship against addressing such subjects as ableism, anti-Black racism, classism, and other forms of discrimination, placing them outside of the scope of bioethics research and scholarship. It is also claimed that these scope limitations can be traced to the displacement of the nascent concept of respect for persons-a concept designed to address classist and racist discrimination-with the morally solipsistic concept of autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Baker
- Department of Philosophy, William D. William Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, Union College, Schenectady, New York, USA
- Bioethics Department, Lewis School of Health Sciences, Clarkson University, Capital Region Campus, Schenectady, New York
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3
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Ferreira A, Gotschall JW, Grant-Kels JM. Ethical concerns of direct-to-consumer genetic testing. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:1117-1118. [PMID: 37024050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alana Ferreira
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeromy W Gotschall
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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4
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Correia I, Carvalho H, Otto K, Nudelman G. Justice perceptions and well-being: Belief in a just world is a personal resource and a coping resource. Br J Psychol 2024; 115:324-344. [PMID: 38049953 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the perception of justice is a core need of all individuals, the adaptive value of belief in a just world (BJW)-in everyday life and when facing severe distress-has been typically investigated in separate studies. In this article, we tested, in only one study, the possibility that BJW can be a personal resource and a coping resource. We analysed data from the European Social Survey comprised of random representative samples of 27 European countries (N = 24,776 participants). We considered distressing circumstances both at an individual level (health impairment and financial difficulty) and at a macroeconomic contextual level. The results showed that for people both facing and not facing financial or health-related distress, BJW was positively associated with well-being, supporting BJW as a personal resource. Furthermore, we found that the decrease of well-being of people facing distress, both at an individual level and at a contextual level, compared to people not facing distress, was lower for individuals with higher BJW than for individuals with lower BJW, supporting BJW as a coping resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Correia
- Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Percival CS, Martin PC, Maggio LA, Wyatt TR. When I say … epistemic injustice. Med Educ 2024; 58:497-498. [PMID: 38195251 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In the latest "When I Say…" Percival et al. analyze the term 'epistemic injustice' to outline how it impacts medical learners, teachers, patients and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace S Percival
- Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paolo C Martin
- Department of Medicine, Center for Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren A Maggio
- Department of Medicine, Center for Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tasha R Wyatt
- Department of Medicine, Center for Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Räsänen J, Bengtson A, Cossette-Lefebvre H, Lippert-Rasmussen K. A critical take on procreative justice. Bioethics 2024; 38:367-374. [PMID: 38384173 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Herjeet Kaur Marway recently proposed the Principle of Procreative Justice, which says that reproducers have a strong moral obligation to avoid completing race and colour injustices through their selection choices. In this article, we analyze this principle and argue, appealing to a series of counterexamples, that some of the implications of Marway's Principle of Procreative Justice are difficult to accept. This casts doubt on whether the principle should be adopted. Also, we show that there are some more principled worries regarding Marway's idea of a strong pro tanto duty not to complete injustices through one's procreative choices. Nonetheless, we believe Marway's arguments point in the right general direction regarding duties and structural injustice. Thus, in the final part, we suggest a positive proposal on how it would be possible to respond to the cases we raise. More specifically, we explore the suggestion that agents have a pro tanto duty to participate in eliminating structural injustice. Importantly, this duty can be satisfied, not only in procreation choices but in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joona Räsänen
- Department of Philosophy, Contemporary History and Political Science, and Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andreas Bengtson
- CEPDISC-Centre for the Experimental-Philosophical Study of Discrimination, Department of Political Science, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hugo Cossette-Lefebvre
- CEPDISC-Centre for the Experimental-Philosophical Study of Discrimination, Department of Political Science, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen
- CEPDISC-Centre for the Experimental-Philosophical Study of Discrimination, Department of Political Science, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Williams PJ, Buttery SC, Laverty AA, Hopkinson NS. Lung Disease and Social Justice: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Manifestation of Structural Violence. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:938-946. [PMID: 38300144 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202309-1650ci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung health, the development of lung disease, and how well a person with lung disease is able to live all depend on a wide range of societal factors. These systemic factors that adversely affect people and cause injustice can be thought of as "structural violence." To make the causal processes relating to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) more apparent, and the responsibility to interrupt or alleviate them clearer, we have developed a taxonomy to describe this. It contains five domains: 1) avoidable lung harms (processes impacting lung development, processes that disadvantage lung health in particular groups across the life course), 2) diagnostic delay (healthcare factors; norms and attitudes that mean COPD is not diagnosed in a timely way, denying people with COPD effective treatment), 3) inadequate COPD care (ways in which the provision of care for people with COPD falls short of what is needed to ensure they are able to enjoy the best possible health, considered as healthcare resource allocation and norms and attitudes influencing clinical practice), 4) low status of COPD (ways COPD as a condition and people with COPD are held in less regard and considered less of a priority than other comparable health problems), and 5) lack of support (factors that make living with COPD more difficult than it should be, i.e., socioenvironmental factors and factors that promote social isolation). This model has relevance for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public as an educational resource to change clinical practices and priorities and stimulate advocacy and activism with the goal of the elimination of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony A Laverty
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Prasad A. Allan Maleche: legal advocate for health justice and human rights. Lancet 2024; 403:1327. [PMID: 38583447 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
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9
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Sitthiyot T, Holasut K. Quantifying fair income distribution in Thailand. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301693. [PMID: 38573990 PMCID: PMC10994331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Given a vast concern about high income inequality in Thailand as opposed to empirical findings around the world showing people's preference for fair income inequality over unfair income equality, it is therefore important to examine whether inequality in income distribution in Thailand over the past three decades is fair, and what fair inequality in income distribution in Thailand should be. To quantitatively measure fair income distribution, this study employs the fairness benchmarks that are derived from the distributions of athletes' salaries in professional sports which satisfy the concepts of distributive justice and procedural justice, the no-envy principle of fair allocation, and the general consensus or the international norm criterion of a meaningful benchmark. By using the data on quintile income shares and the income Gini index of Thailand from the National Social and Economic Development Council, this study finds that, throughout the period from 1988 to 2021, the Thai income earners in the bottom 20%, the second 20%, and the top 20% receive income shares more than the fair shares whereas those in the third 20% and the fourth 20% receive income shares less than the fair shares. Provided that there are infinite combinations of quintile income shares that can have the same value of income Gini index but only one of them is regarded as fair, this study demonstrates the use of fairness benchmarks as a practical guideline for designing policies with an aim to achieve fair income distribution in Thailand. Moreover, a comparative analysis is conducted by employing the method for estimating optimal (fair) income distribution representing feasible income equality in order to provide an alternative recommendation on what optimal (fair) income distribution characterizing feasible income equality in Thailand should be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitithep Sitthiyot
- Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Holasut
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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10
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Kapadia F. Social Justice and Public Health: A Public Health of Consequence, April 2024. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:364-365. [PMID: 38478860 PMCID: PMC10937613 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2024.307610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Kapadia
- Farzana Kapadia is AJPH deputy editor, and professor of epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York
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11
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Sajber K, Khaleefah S. Culturally competent respect for the autonomy of Muslim patients: fostering patient agency by respecting justice. Theor Med Bioeth 2024; 45:133-149. [PMID: 38324110 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-023-09655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Although Western biomedical ethics emphasizes respect for autonomy, the medical decision-making of Muslim patients interacting with Western healthcare systems is more likely to be motivated by relational ethical and religious commitments that reflect the ideals of equity, reciprocity, and justice. Based on an in-depth cross-cultural comparison of Islamic and Western systems of biomedical ethics and an assessment of conceptual alignments and differences, we argue that, when working with Muslim patients, an ethics of respect extends to facilitating decision-making grounded in the patient's justice-related customs, beliefs, and obligations. We offer an overview of the philosophical contestations of autonomy-enhancing practices from the Islamic tradition of biomedical ethics, and examples that demonstrate a recommended shift of emphasis from an autonomy-centered to a justice-focused approach to culturally competent agency-promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriszta Sajber
- University of Michigan-Dearborn College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA.
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12
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Arnold L, Palokas M, Christian R. Reproductive justice in pediatric health care: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2024; 22:737-743. [PMID: 38015098 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-23-00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to identify the barriers and facilitators of reproductive justice in pediatric health care. INTRODUCTION Reproductive justice is defined as the right to maintain personal bodily autonomy, to have or not have children, and to parent children in safe and sustainable communities. The reproductive justice framework is often applied to adult women in conventional care settings; however, the need for health care guided by the framework should extend to all females of reproductive age in all care settings, including pediatric settings. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider studies from 1994 to the present that report on the barriers and facilitators of reproductive justice in pediatric health care. Studies from any setting or geographic location will be included. This scoping review will include pediatric patients up to 21 years of age of any gender identity or sexual orientation who may birth a child, and their health care providers. METHODS Database searches will include CINAHL (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), and Web of Science Core Collection. Sources of unpublished studies and gray literature to be searched include MedNar and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Science and Engineering Collection (ProQuest). The JBI methodology for scoping reviews will be followed. Data extracted will include details about the title, authors, year of publication, type of evidence, participants, context, and concept. The extracted data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular format in a manner that aligns with the objective and questions of the scoping review. REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework https://osf.io/d5vf9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Arnold
- School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Mississippi Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michelle Palokas
- School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Mississippi Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Robin Christian
- School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Mississippi Centre for Evidence Based Practice: A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Jackson, MS, USA
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13
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Stuebe A, Creegan A, Knox-Kazimierczuk F, Smith MC, Wade S, Tully K. Cultivating Vital Conditions For Perinatal Well-Being And A Sustained Commitment To Reproductive Justice. Health Aff (Millwood) 2024; 43:470-476. [PMID: 38560799 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Perinatal mental illness is a leading cause of death during pregnancy and the first postpartum year in the United States. Although better acute care services for mental health conditions are desperately needed, urgent services alone cannot create the conditions to thrive. Cultivating well-being requires a sustained commitment to reproductive justice, "the human right to maintain personal bodily autonomy, have children, not have children, and parent the children we have in safe and sustainable communities." To support reproductive justice for pregnant and birthing people, the Rippel Foundation's Vital Conditions for Health and Well-Being framework offers a holistic approach comprising seven domains: a thriving natural world; basic needs for health and safety; humane housing; meaningful work and wealth; lifelong learning; reliable transportation; and, central to all of these, belonging and civic muscle. Here we review the evidence for each of the vital conditions as key drivers of perinatal mental health, and we outline how this public health approach can advance well-being across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Stuebe
- Alison Stuebe , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anna Creegan
- Anna Creegan, Rippel Foundation, Morristown, New Jersey
| | | | - Meredith C Smith
- Meredith C. Smith, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sabia Wade
- Sabia Wade, The Black Doula, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristin Tully
- Kristin Tully, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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14
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Rutt L, Springer V, Geib K, Middlekauff E, San E, Eby J. Occupational Justice: Staff Member's Understanding of the Role of Occupational Therapy within Organizations Serving Persons Experiencing Homelessness. Occup Ther Health Care 2024; 38:400-413. [PMID: 37916783 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2023.2243512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore the understanding of occupational justice and occupational therapy's role among staff members working within organizations serving persons experiencing homelessness. A survey was developed to determine if staff (N = 43) understood what occupational therapists can do to help persons experiencing homelessness. Responses were split almost equally between agree/strongly agree and disagree/strongly disagree. Most or 95% (n = 38) of respondents stated their organization would be interested in increasing programming to support the ideas of occupational justice. This suggests that occupational therapy can fill a need in these organizations to promote occupational justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Rutt
- Master of Occupational Therapy, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
| | - V Springer
- Master of Occupational Therapy, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
| | - K Geib
- Master of Occupational Therapy, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
| | - E Middlekauff
- Master of Occupational Therapy, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
| | - E San
- Master of Occupational Therapy, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
| | - J Eby
- Master of Occupational Therapy, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
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15
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Chrisphonte P, Bath E. Overturning Roe v Wade and Planned Parenthood v Casey: An Assault to Reproductive and Racial Justice and the Mental Health of Youth. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:393-395. [PMID: 37678665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
On June 24, 2022, the Supreme Court of the United States overturned Roe v Wade and Planned Parenthood v Casey, ending a woman's constitutional right to access abortion. Child and adolescent psychiatrists should be gravely concerned about these decisions. Youth with mental health disorders are an at-risk population. Lack of access to reproductive care, including abortion, will adversely impact the physical and mental health of teens,2 exerting a disproportionate impact on Black and Brown youth, many of whom experience systemic racism and are in systems that leave them structurally vulnerable (ie, in foster care or legal system). These decisions will have a lasting, negative impact on medical, social, and economic outcomes of youth for generations to come. Thus, we make the case that access to reproductive care is a matter of reproductive and racial justice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eraka Bath
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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16
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Comas-Diaz L. Multiculturalism: A paradigmatic force in psychology. J Consult Clin Psychol 2024; 92:199-201. [PMID: 38573712 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Prior to the advent of multiculturalism, mainstream psychology mirrored the Euro-American culture. In contrast, multiculturalism acts as a prism that reveals the diversity in the human condition. Since most empirical research is still conducted on Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic populations, we need to construct a representative map of the human psychological and behavioral phenome. To work toward this goal, multicultural psychologists go beyond personal transformation and openness to the other. They question power relations, oppose oppressive systems, address psychology's fallacy of neutrality, and engage in social justice action. Specifically, multicultural psychologists work to restore the humanity of both the oppressed and the oppressor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Comas-Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University
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17
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Salloch S. Green Conferencing, Justice and the "Global South". Am J Bioeth 2024; 24:44-45. [PMID: 38529977 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2308138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
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18
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Rau A, Grant-Kels JM. Dear Dr. Dermatoethics: Why is diversity in clinical trials important? J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:875-876. [PMID: 36754088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Rau
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
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19
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Huang L, Liu L, Dang J, Wei C, Miao X. Efficiency or equality? The utilitarianism-egalitarianism trade-off determines carbon allocation preference. Br J Soc Psychol 2024; 63:745-766. [PMID: 38010867 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
International carbon allocation confronts the conflict between efficiency and equality. Previous research based on the intergroup bias perspective has attributed carbon allocation preference to the defence of ingroup interests (i.e., national interests) while overlooking the critical role of trade-offs between competing moral values. Integrating the contingency theory of justice and moral philosophical theories of utilitarianism and egalitarianism, we proposed that the moral-values trade-off between utilitarianism and egalitarianism determines carbon allocation preference through justice reasoning. Analysis of large-scale survey datasets (Study 1) revealed that aggregated national endorsement of utilitarianism over egalitarianism predicted greater efficiency preference in total and per capita carbon emission levels. Study 2 demonstrated that experimentally manipulating endorsement of utilitarianism versus egalitarianism boosted efficiency (vs. equality) preference in carbon allocation, and justice reasoning characterized by enhanced efficiency-focused justice and diminished equality-focused justice accounted for these effects. Using a 'manipulation-of-mediator' design, Study 3 further confirmed the causal link in the mediation model. By highlighting the significance of moral trade-offs in shaping carbon allocation preference, this research not only provides a novel moral perspective in understanding debates on international carbon allocation but also has important implications for fostering international carbon abatement cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianning Dang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Miao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Silver IA, DeMichele M, Dole JL, Labrecque RM, Dawes D. Justice involvement prediction as individuals age: An age-graded evaluation of the public safety assessment. Law Hum Behav 2024; 48:148-161. [PMID: 38602807 DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some scholars have criticized pretrial assessments for perpetuating racial bias in the criminal legal system by offering biased predictions of future legal system outcomes. Although these critiques have some empirical support, the scholarship has yet to examine the predictive validity and differential prediction of pretrial assessments across individuals by their age. Following the guidance of the life-course literature, the present study serves as the first age-graded evaluation of the Public Safety Assessment (PSA) focused on assessing whether the predictive validity and scoring predictions of the tool vary across the lifespan. HYPOTHESES We expected that the predictive validity of the PSA scores would vary across the lifespan, such that the PSA underpredicts for younger individuals and overpredicts for older individuals. METHOD The present study relied on pretrial information collected from 31,527 individuals during the Advancing Pretrial Policy and Research project. Logistic regression models were estimated to evaluate the differential prediction of the PSA for individuals ranging from 18 to 68 years of age. The results of bivariate models were used to produce area under the curve estimates at each year of age. RESULTS The results of the present study provided some evidence that the PSA differentially predicted pretrial outcomes for individuals from 18 to 68 years of age. Specifically, the predictive validity of the New Criminal Arrest and the New Violent Criminal Arrest scales appears to improve as individuals become older, suggesting that these instruments are better able to predict pretrial outcomes for older individuals relative to younger individuals. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the PSA is a valid predictor of pretrial outcomes and that the predictive validity of some PSA scores is impacted by age. These findings suggest that the age of the defendant should be accounted for when interpreting the new criminal arrest and new violent criminal arrest scores. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Silver
- Center for Legal Systems Research, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park
| | - Matthew DeMichele
- Center for Legal Systems Research, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park
| | - Jenna L Dole
- Center for Legal Systems Research, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park
| | - Ryan M Labrecque
- Center for Legal Systems Research, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park
| | - Debbie Dawes
- Center for Legal Systems Research, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park
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Wheeler MA, Wilson SG, Baes N, Demsar V. A search for commonalities in defining the common good: Using folk theories to unlock shared conceptions. Br J Soc Psychol 2024; 63:956-974. [PMID: 38168870 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Throughout the course of scholarly history, some concepts have been notoriously hard to define. The 'common good' is one such concept. While the common good has a long and contested scholarly history, social psychology research on folk theories - lay beliefs that represent an individual's informal and subjective understanding of the world - may provide a key for unlocking this nebulous concept. In the current paper, we analysed lay definitions of the common good using the linguistic inquiry and word count's meaning extraction method. From a nationally representative Australian sample of open-ended text responses (n = 14,303), we uncovered a consistent conceptual structure, with nine themes corresponding to three core aspects: (i) outcomes and objects, (ii) principles and processes and (iii) stakeholders and beneficiaries. From this, we developed a working definition of the folk concept of the common good: 'achieving the best possible outcome for the largest number of people, which is underpinned by decision-making that is ethically and morally sound and varies by the context in which the decisions are made'. A working definition benefits the academic community and society more broadly, particularly when diverse stakeholders come together to act for the common good to address shared challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Wheeler
- Graduate School of Business and Law, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel G Wilson
- Department of Management and Marketing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naomi Baes
- Department of Management and Marketing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vlad Demsar
- Department of Management and Marketing, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Three years ago, addressing racial justice in the United States moved firmly into the mainstream. Following the murder of George Floyd, the ongoing struggle for social justice was again laid bare, and pledges to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) began sprouting everywhere. Now, the pendulum is swinging back on these commitments. A backlash against DEI initiatives is rising across all sectors, especially at the state level. Last year's decision by the US Supreme Court to strike down the consideration of students' racial status in college admissions has emboldened many who oppose any advancement of DEI. Although there has been specific attention to higher education, other sectors have also been attacked. The retreat includes recent anti-DEI legislation that would affect structures, programs, practices, and curricula that aim to support success for all, including persons who have been historically excluded from or marginalized within science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM). Before this backlash worsens, DEI advocates, the scientific community, universities, and federal agencies need to collectively call out the dangers of setting aside DEI and come up with robust ways to demonstrate its value to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Malcom
- Shirley Malcom is a senior advisor and director of the STEM Equity Achievement (SEA) Change initiative at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS, the publisher of Science), Washington, DC, USA
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Khanam Z, Khan Z, Arwab M, Khan A. Assessing the mediating role of organizational justice between the responsible leadership and employee turnover intention in health-care sector. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl) 2024; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 38520672 DOI: 10.1108/lhs-06-2023-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which organizational justice (OJ) mediates between responsible leadership (RL) and employee turnover intention (TI). DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Both online and offline questionnaire was used to collect the data from 387 Indian health-care employees, and the data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 4. FINDINGS The study's findings demonstrated a significant positive association between RL and OJ and a negative association between OJ and employee TI. Furthermore, results also confirmed the mediating role of OJ between RI and TI. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS The generalizability of the study's data collection is limited because it is based on the responses of Indian health-care sector employees to an online and offline survey. The authors propose that the health-care sector uses RL as an approach that takes a broad view of the parties with a stake and focuses on creating fairness in acts and justice at the workplace to address the major issue of employee turnover. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This study expanded on previous research by demonstrating that the influence of responsible leadership on employee TI is mediated by OJ in the context of India's health-care sector. It also contributes to the literature regarding RI, OJ and TI. The study also enriched the body of knowledge about using the PLS-SEM approach to predict employee TI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Khanam
- Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Zebran Khan
- Department of Commerce and Business Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Arwab
- Department of Management, Institute of Professional Excellence and Management (IP EM), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ariba Khan
- Department of Commerce and Business Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia Central University, New Delhi, India
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Rueda J. Understanding genetic justice in the post-enhanced world: a reply to Sinead Prince. J Med Ethics 2024; 50:287-288. [PMID: 37845015 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In her recent article, Prince has identified a critical challenge for those who advocate genetic enhancement to reduce social injustices. The gene-environment interaction prevents genetic enhancement from having equitable effects at the phenotypic level, even if enhancement were available to the entire population. The poor would benefit less than the rich from their improved genes because their genotypes would interact with more unfavourable socioeconomic environments. Therefore, Prince believes that genetic enhancement should not be used to combat social inequalities, since it can likely aggravate them. In this article, I raise various objections to this conclusion. I argue first that genetic enhancement need not necessarily magnify social injustices. I then show that genetic enhancement can play a modest but not insignificant role in the quest for social justice in the future. Finally, I conclude by arguing for the need to consider the complex interplay between the social lottery and the natural lottery in our aspirations for justice linked to genetic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Rueda
- Department of Philosophy 1, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Practical Ethics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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25
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Frith L. Medical ethics, equity and social justice. J Med Ethics 2024; 50:221. [PMID: 38443164 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Frith
- Centre for Social Ethics & Policy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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26
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Fuentes A. Statements by scientific organizations can, and should, shape society. Science 2024; 383:eado7084. [PMID: 38484061 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado7084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Statements based on the best current scientific data and analyses that bear directly on societal issues, especially ones that are critical to societal justice, equity, and health, are practical responsibilities of professional scientific organizations. And they often have impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Fuentes
- Agustín Fuentes is a professor in the Department of Anthropology at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Ranieri V, Gordon C, Kamboj SK, Edwards SJ. Pandemic lockdowns: who feels coerced and why? - a study on perceived coercion, perceived pressures and procedural justice during the UK COVID-19 lockdowns. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:793. [PMID: 38481190 PMCID: PMC10938678 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined perceptions of coercion, pressures and procedural injustice and how such perceptions influenced psychological well-being in those who experienced a UK COVID-19 lockdown, with a view to preparing for the possibility of future lockdowns. METHODS 40 individuals categorised as perceiving the lockdown(s) as either highly or lowly coercive took part in one of six asynchronous virtual focus groups (AVFGs). RESULTS Using thematic analysis, the following key themes were identified in participants' discussions: (1) Choice, control and freedom; (2) threats; (3) fairness; (4) circumstantial factors; and (5) psychological factors. CONCLUSIONS As the first qualitative study to investigate the psychological construct of perceived coercion in relation to COVID-19 lockdowns, its findings suggest that the extent to which individuals perceived pandemic-related lockdowns as coercive may have been linked to their acceptance of restrictions. Preparing for future pandemics should include consideration of perceptions of coercion and efforts to combat this, particularly in relation to differences in equity, in addition to clarity of public health messaging and public engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ranieri
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy (STEaPP), University College London, London, UK.
| | - C Gordon
- Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy (STEaPP), University College London, London, UK
| | - S K Kamboj
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - S J Edwards
- Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy (STEaPP), University College London, London, UK.
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Setrini A. Using Racial Justice Principles in Medical-Legal Partnership Design and Implementation. J Law Med Ethics 2024; 51:757-763. [PMID: 38477268 PMCID: PMC10937169 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2023.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) have the potential to address racial health disparities by improving the conditions that constitute the social determinants of health. In order to live up to this potential, these partnerships must intentionally incorporate seven core racial justice principles into their design and implementation. Otherwise, they are likely to replicate the systemic barriers that lead to racialized health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Setrini
- LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO SCHOOL OF LAW, CHICAGO, IL, USA
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29
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Prasad A. Ngozi Erondu: pursuing justice, equity, and dignity in global health. Lancet 2024; 403:799. [PMID: 38431341 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
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30
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Gordon R, Zelikoff JT. Fertility in indigenous communities: An environmental justice perspective. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:271-273. [PMID: 38171982 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gordon
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY, NY, United States.
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31
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Santos MPAD, Bastos JL. Antiracist ethos and the collective oral health as a pathway for life. Cien Saude Colet 2024; 29:e06732023. [PMID: 38451647 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024293.06732023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This article proposes a reflection on the imperative of antiracism in collective oral health, which, as a science, field, core, and praxis, contributes significantly to the reconstruction of an ethos that considers equity and enables citizenship and democracy. As a paradigm, we assumed the concept of "Buccality" and the guidelines of the National Comprehensive Health Policy for the Black Population, emphasizing the defense of the right to health as a prerogative of the right to life and the combat against racism and all forms of discrimination systematically. As a critical exercise, we discussed the status quo of collective oral health. We pointed to adopting a racial pro-equity perspective as an intentional, political choice socially agreed upon with all of society for social justice. Finally, we propose recommendations for dismantling systemic racism in collective oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Pereira Alves Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. R. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 325, Ilha da Cidade Universitária. 21941-913 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - João Luiz Bastos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University. Burnaby BC Canada
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32
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Ray K, Cooper JF. The Bioethics of Environmental Injustice: Ethical, Legal, and Clinical Implications of Unhealthy Environments. Am J Bioeth 2024; 24:9-17. [PMID: 37104666 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2023.2201192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental health remains a niche topic in bioethics, despite being a prominent social determinant of health. In this paper we argue that if bioethicists are to take the project of health justice as a serious one, then we have to address environmental injustices and the threats they pose to our bioethics principles, health equity, and clinical care. To do this, we lay out three arguments supporting prioritizing environmental health in bioethics based on bioethics principles including a commitment to vulnerable populations and justice. We also highlight and advocate for environmental law efforts that align with these priorities, focusing specifically on the need for a right to a healthy environment. Our intention is to draw attention to the legal and ethical concepts that underlie the importance of a healthy environment, and urge bioethicists to prioritize both legal and ethical advocacy against environmental injustices in their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha Ray
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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33
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HANSMANN KELLIAJ, RAZON NA. Transportation Justice and Health. Milbank Q 2024; 102:11-27. [PMID: 37814523 PMCID: PMC10938933 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points The health care sector is increasingly investing in social conditions, including availability of safe, reliable, and adequate transportation, that contribute to improving health. In this paper, we suggest ways to advance the impact of transportation interventions and highlight the limitations of how health services researchers and practitioners currently conceptualize and use transportation. Incorporating a transportation justice framework offers an opportunity to address transportation and mobility needs more comprehensively and equitably within health care research, delivery, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- KELLIA J. HANSMANN
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans HospitalMadisonWI
- Department of Family Medicine and Community HealthUniversity of Wisconsin
| | - NA'AMAH RAZON
- Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavis
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34
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Foley W. Can cognitive dissonance explain beliefs regarding meritocracy? Soc Sci Res 2024; 119:102980. [PMID: 38609301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Why do economically disadvantaged people often regard inequality as fair? The literature on deliberative justice suggests that people regard inequality as fair when it is proportional to inequality in effort or other inputs - i.e. when it is meritocratic. But in the real-world there is substantial uncertainty over the distribution of income and merit - so what compels disadvantaged people to legitimate their own disadvantage? This paper suggests it is a reaction to cognitive dissonance. When inequality is high, and when people lack control, their only way to reduce dissonance is to convince themselves the distribution is fair. I implement an online experiment to test this theory. Results do not support a cognitive dissonance mechanism behind meritocracy. But they do indicate that disadvantaged individuals are more likely to regard inequality as fair when they lack control. Analysis of qualitative data indicates that deprivation of control engenders a fatalistic response to inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Foley
- Department of Social Sciences, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Getafe, Spain.
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35
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Kiepek N. Occupation in the Anthropocene and Ethical Relationality. Can J Occup Ther 2024; 91:44-55. [PMID: 37072931 PMCID: PMC10903124 DOI: 10.1177/00084174231169390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. Occupations have "implications for individuals, societies, and the earth". This article focusses on implications of occupation in relation to the earth and examines the potential to expand occupational justice beyond anthropocentric viewpoints to honour interspecies justice. Approach. A 'theory as method' approach is used to explore the literature. Transgressive decolonial hermeneutics informs analysis. Key issues. The discussion advances understandings about human occupation in relation to more-than-humans, intersections with human occupations and animals, and ethical relationality. Implications. Occupational justice includes honouring interdependence of species, engaging in occupations in ways that are sustainable, considering future generations, and refraining from occupations that have a destructive or detrimental impact on the earth and more-than-humans. The profession has a collective responsibility to honour Indigenous worldviews and Indigenous sovereignty, recognising and welcoming the potential for Western conceptualisations of occupation to be transformed.
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Felig RN, Courtney EP, Ligman KM, Lee KJ, Goldenberg JL. Objects Do Not Suffer: An Impact of Mechanistic Dehumanization on Perceptions of Women's Suffering and Lack of Justice in Domestic Assault. J Interpers Violence 2024; 39:1245-1267. [PMID: 37815050 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231204897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Women constitute an overwhelming majority of those who experience domestic violence; furthermore, the vast majority of perpetrators of domestic violence go unsentenced. The objectification of women innately implies the denial of humanness, and dehumanization is known to play a role in willingness to engage in and acceptance of interpersonal harm. Yet, important questions remain. The current study examines the type of humanness objectified women are being denied, and how that denial implicates perceptions surrounding domestic assault. We predict that associating women with objects, and not animals, may be uniquely implicated in the lack of consequences for perpetrators-for objects cannot feel pain. In the current study (N = 319), we manipulated the presentation of a woman as sexualized or not and purported that she had been involved in a domestic violence incident. We found that when the target woman was sexualized (and thus objectified), participants associated her with an inert, non-human object (i.e., mechanistically dehumanized her) more than when she was not sexually objectified, but we found no effect of sexualization on animalistic dehumanization. Furthermore, mechanistic dehumanization mediated decreases in perceptions of the sexually objectified woman's suffering as a result of the domestic violence, which decreased the severity of the punishment participants recommended for the perpetrator, while also, increasing victim, and decreasing perpetrator, blame. We discuss critical considerations of the role of dehumanization in domestic violence directed toward women and the lack of consequences for perpetrators of these crimes.
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37
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Eisen AM, Abdul-Rahman AQ, Dykes S, Driessnack M, Taha AA. An Innovative Educational Intervention for Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Faculty to Meet Social Justice Curriculum Standards. J Pediatr Health Care 2024; 38:248-252. [PMID: 38429037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The association between adverse childhood experiences and negative health outcomes is a public health concern, particularly affecting disadvantaged groups and contributing to health disparities. Pediatric nurse practitioners are well-positioned to address this issue, emphasizing the importance of incorporating social justice concepts into nursing education to develop a pediatric workforce with the necessary skills to curb health disparities. However, evidence-based approaches to incorporating these concepts into pediatric nursing education are limited. To address this gap, we describe an innovative educational intervention that harnesses the power of narratives to empower future pediatric nurse practitioners as champions of social justice and health equity.
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38
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Grant N, Merrin GJ, April K, April-Sandars A, Arora I, Gordon D. A prospective study of sexual risk patterns associated with delinquency and justice involvement among child welfare system-involved male adolescents in the United States. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2024; 56:30-40. [PMID: 38439212 DOI: 10.1111/psrh.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early sexual activity and teen pregnancy are known risk factors for delinquency and justice involvement among male adolescents. However, less is known about these patterns among child welfare system (CWS)-involved boys who face significant social barriers and past/current traumatic experiences. METHODS We prospectively examined these associations among male adolescents who identified as low and high risk for child-maltreatment via a secondary data analysis of the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect dataset-a large scale assessment of children, their parents, and their teachers in the United States to understand issues of child abuse and neglect. We extracted and examined data from 657 boys who were identified as at-risk for maltreatment or with histories of substantiated maltreatment at ages 6, 8, 12, 14, and 16. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between sexual activity (i.e., age of sexual debut, actively having sex, and sex resulting in a child) and changes in delinquency and justice involvement. RESULTS Male adolescents who have engaged in sex and/or have fathered a child had greater increases in delinquency over time compared to those who have not had sex. Further, fathering a child was significantly associated with justice involvement, especially for the high-risk group. CONCLUSION Results indicate that greater efforts should be taken to ascertain CWS-involved male adolescents' sexual health practices and parenting status. Male adolescents in the CWS require support with accessing developmentally appropriate sexual health education and family services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickholas Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, The Consultation Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gabriel J Merrin
- Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University of Illinois, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Keisha April
- School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Ishita Arora
- Department of Psychiatry, The Consultation Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Derrick Gordon
- Department of Psychiatry, The Consultation Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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39
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Oliveira RF, Ottoni FP, Vieira LO, Obando GN, Sáenz R, Campos DS. Nicaraguan government puts mining over justice. Science 2024; 383:958. [PMID: 38422127 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael F Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Ottoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65085-580, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Lucas O Vieira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65085-580, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Grettel N Obando
- Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad de Chile, 8320000 Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Ronald Sáenz
- Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, CAT, Spain
| | - Diego S Campos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65085-580, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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Beltrami EJ, Grant-Kels JM. The doctor will see (all of) you now: Ethical dilemmas in double-booking patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:673-674. [PMID: 36462632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Beltrami
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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41
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Dobai J, Riemer M. Closing the equity deficit: Sustainability justice in municipal climate action planning in Waterloo region. Am J Community Psychol 2024; 73:118-132. [PMID: 37058358 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
There is growing recognition that often well-intended climate action solutions perpetuate and exacerbate manifestations of colonialism and racism due to the lack of equity and justice considerations in designing and implementing these solutions. There is limited research exploring why the integration of these considerations are lacking in municipal climate action planning. This exploratory descriptive qualitative study explored how municipal actors perceive and understand equity and justice in municipal climate action planning as a step toward addressing this issue. Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven members of the core management group from ClimateAction Waterloo region, and a template analysis of the interview data resulted in six themes. Findings suggested that those involved in municipal climate action planning understand and perceive justice and equity considerations as important to their work, however, translating this understanding to practice is a challenge due to structural (governmental and societal) and capacity (limited time, funding, resources, and knowledge) barriers. By better understanding how key actors consider justice and equity, we identify shifting colonial mental models as a potential pathway for transformative change given the central role of these actors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dobai
- Viessmann Centre for Engagement and Research in Sustainability (VERiS), Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Riemer
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Resnik DB. Environmental Justice: More Hard Work yet to Be Done. Am J Bioeth 2024; 24:18-20. [PMID: 38394000 PMCID: PMC10901456 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2303167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
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43
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Shaw J, Sekalala S, Fiske A. The Urgent Need for Health Data Justice in Precision Medicine. Am J Bioeth 2024; 24:101-103. [PMID: 38394009 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2303141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- James Shaw
- University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics
| | | | - Amelia Fiske
- Technical University of Munich School of Medicine and Health
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44
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Esposito F, Rebelo D, Olanrewaju M, Vine M, Fernandes-Jesus M, Bodden D, Kalokoh A, Olson B. A community psychology for migrant justice: Critically examining border violence and resistance during the COVID-19 syndemic. Am J Community Psychol 2024; 73:27-43. [PMID: 37126214 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the magnifying lenses of the COVID-19 syndemic to highlight how people racialized as migrants and refugees have been-and continue to be-disproportionally harmed. We use empirical evidence collected in our scholarly/activist work in Europe, Africa, South Asia, and the United States to examine migrant injustice as being produced by a combination of power structures and relations working to maintain colonial global orders and inequalities. This is what has been defined as "border imperialism." Our data, complemented by evidence from transnational solidarity groups, show that border imperialism has further intersected with the hygienic-sanitary logics of social control at play during the COVID-19 period. This intersection has resulted in increasingly coercive methods of restraining people on the move, as well as in increased-and new-forms of degradation of their lives, that is, an overall multiplication of border violences. At the same time, however, COVID-19 has provided a unique opportunity for grassroot solidarity initiatives and resistance led by people on the move to be amplified and extended. We conclude by emphasizing the need for community psychologists to take a more vigorous stance against oppressive border imperialist regimes and the related forms of violence they re/enact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Esposito
- School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dora Rebelo
- CIS-Iscte, University Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Moshood Olanrewaju
- School of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, National Louis University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Megan Vine
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maria Fernandes-Jesus
- School of Education, Language and Psychology, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Debi Bodden
- School of Social Work, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aminata Kalokoh
- Association of Visitors to Immigration Detainees (AVID), Nottingham, UK
| | - Bradley Olson
- School of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, National Louis University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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45
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Workneh R, Abadi M, Perez K, Rent S, Weiss EM, Kukora S, Brandon O, Barbut G, Rahiem S, Wallie S, Mhango J, Shayo BC, Saidi F, Metaferia G, Abayneh M, Valentine GC. Environmental Justice: A Missing Core Tenet of Global Health. Am J Bioeth 2024; 24:20-23. [PMID: 38394016 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2303132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elliott Mark Weiss
- University of Washington School of Medicine
- Seattle Children's Hospital
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph Mhango
- Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation-Malawi
| | - Benjamin C Shayo
- Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation-Malawi
- Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Gregory C Valentine
- University of Washington School of Medicine
- University of Washington School of Dentistry
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Szocik K. Bioethics Interested in Environmental Justice Should First and Foremost Criticize Capitalism. Am J Bioeth 2024; 24:57-59. [PMID: 38393994 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2303129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Szocik
- University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow
- Yale University
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47
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Chapman AR. Addressing Environmental Injustices Requires a Public Health Ethics and/or Human Rights Perspective. Am J Bioeth 2024; 24:33-34. [PMID: 38394023 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2303151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
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48
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Limbo R. Authentic Allyship: Standing in Solidarity. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2024; 49:65. [PMID: 38403906 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Limbo
- Rana Limbo is the Director Emerita and Co-founder, Resolve Through Sharing, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, WI. Dr. Limbo can be reached at
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Abstract
Early in 2022 the first pig to human cardiac xenotransplant was performed. The graft initially performed well, and rejection was well controlled. However, the graft failed, and the patient died 60 days after the procedure. The ethical issues relating to xenotransplantation include the risk/benefit to the individual, the risk of porcine-derived infectious agents crossing into humans, animal welfare and rights, issues of human and animal identity and concerns relating to fair allocation of organs and appropriate use of resources.These ethical issues are often addressed using emotional arguments, or through consequentialist or deontological lens. An alternative is to use approaches based on virtue ethics to understand the moral purpose (telos) of the research and the virtues (character traits) needed to be a good research clinician. In this review we will consider the virtues of justice, courage, temperance and practical wisdom, as well as the role of clinical curiosity, and their application to xenotransplantation. This provides an alternative approach for the clinical academic and others involved in the research to reflect on their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jt George
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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50
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Dancis J. Being fractal: Embodying antiracism values in course-based participatory action research. Am J Community Psychol 2024; 73:234-249. [PMID: 37957834 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In the winter and spring of 2021, I-a White, female, graduate student-taught a six-month course surrounding the theme: Disrupting Systemic Racism at our University Through Action Research. I was challenged to lead a meaningful course in a two-dimensional virtual space, amidst rising death tolls of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rhythmic beat of calls for racial justice pulsing through our Zoom class periods. This experience opened my eyes as an educator, budding community psychologist, and an antiracist White accomplice. In this critical autoethnographic case study, I recount my experience adapting the community organizing principle of fractals into a pedagogical framework that guided my instructional practices in a community psychology course. In doing so, I echo the call for community psychologists to connect our work more tightly to Black, Indigenous, and people of Color social justice organizers and movements to fortify the field's relevance in the struggle for racial justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dancis
- Division of Social, Behavioral, and Human Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington, USA
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