1
|
Abstract
Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have become popular recently. People with chronic disease, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer, should quit smoking for treatment and recurrence of tobacco-related diseases. However, they have difficulty in quitting smoking, and they may start HTPs use to quit smoking. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of HTPs in people with chronic disease. We used data from an internet study, the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey (JASTIS). We analyzed 9,008 respondents aged 15-73 years in 2019 using logistic regression. Current use of tobacco products was defined as use within the previous 30 days. Prevalence of current HTP use including dual use and dual use with cigarettes was 9.0% and 6.1% respectively in total. By disease: hypertension 10.2% and 7.4%, diabetes 15.9% and 12.3%, CVD 19.2% and 15.7%, COPD 40.5% and 33.3%, and cancer 17.5% and 11.9%. Diabetes, CVD, COPD, and cancer were positively associated with current use of HTPs (odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.48 (1.06, 2.07), 2.29 (1.38, 3.80), 3.97(1.73, 9.11), and 3.58(1.99, 6.44), respectively) and dual use of cigarettes and HTPs (ORs and 95% CIs: 2.23 (1.61, 3.09), 3.58 (2.29, 5.60), 7.46 (3.76, 14.80), and 2.57 (1.46, 4.55), respectively) after adjusting for confounders. People with chronic disease were more likely to use HTPs and HTPs together with cigarettes. Further research on the smoking situation of HTPs in patients with chronic diseases is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Nakama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata-shi, Osaka, Japan
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Demiguel V, Blondel B, Bonnet C, Nguyen-Thanh V, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Regnault N. Trends in Tobacco Smoking in Pregnant Women: Data From French National Perinatal Surveys. Int J Public Health 2021; 66:602873. [PMID: 34744568 PMCID: PMC8565271 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.602873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To describe maternal smoking trends in France between 1972 and 2016, and identify whether maternal characteristics associated with smoking in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy evolved between 2010 and 2016. Methods: Using French National Perinatal Surveys, we estimated proportions of smokers and the number of cigarettes smoked both just before pregnancy and during the 3rd trimester from 1972 to 2016. We used a Poisson model with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios for smoking during pregnancy. Results: Proportions of mothers quitting smoking were relatively stable (46.0% in 1972 and 45.8% in 2016). The number of cigarettes smoked just before pregnancy and in the 3rd trimester decreased from 1995 onward. However, proportions of smokers remained high before (30.1%) and during the 3rd trimester in 2016 (16.2%). Smoking in the 3rd trimester was associated with a lower education level and lower income in both 2010 and 2016, whereas the association with age, country of birth and parity varied according to the survey year. Conclusion: Early targeted interventions are needed for smokers who plan to have a child and must take smokers' characteristics during pregnancy into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Demiguel
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Béatrice Blondel
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
- INSERM U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Paris, France
| | - Camille Bonnet
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
- INSERM U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Paris, France
| | - Viêt Nguyen-Thanh
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Marie-Josèphe Saurel-Cubizolles
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRA, Paris, France
- INSERM U1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé), Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Regnault
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality rates of smoking-associated lung cancer are high among Chinese immigrant smokers. Coming from a country with different smoking policies, culture, and economic background than the U.S., Chinese smokers may change their smoking behaviors after immigrating to the U.S. OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the trajectory of smoking behavior change among Chinese immigrant smokers migrating to the U.S. METHODS This qualitative study was guided by the Grounded theory. Semi-structured intensive individual interviews were conducted among 10 eligible participants. A purposive theoretical sampling method was used to recruit participants through a website. Individual interviews were conducted online, via telephone, or in-person in Mandarin. Data were transcribed verbatim in Mandarin, translated into English, and triangulated with follow-up interviews and dialogues among authors to enhance trustworthiness and consistency of the study. Process coding and content analysis were used to analyze data. RESULTS A total of 10 participants, 7 males and 3 females, were interviewed. Results showed the trajectory of smoking behavior change among Chinese immigrant smokers went through three phases: 1) Beginning to smoke, which included learning to smoke from others, trying to smoke and learning to smoke, and hiding their smoking behaviors from others; 2) maintaining smoking, which included setting boundary around smoking, smoking as a facilitator or barrier to social interaction, feeling pressures related to smoking behavior, and making others happy: Collective smoking and controlling smoking desire; and 3) changing smoking behaviors, which included experiencing life events that were triggers to changing smoking behavior, boredom as a reason for relapses, personal will as a key to quitting smoking, and quitting smoking for a loved one. Although some differences existed between male and female Chinese immigrant smokers' smoking behaviors, their trajectories of smoking behavior change were generally similar. DISCUSSION Findings from this study can help health care providers to extend their understanding toward smoking behavior change among Chinese immigrant smokers across different socio-cultural contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Eunice Lee
- School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Health Care Quality Improvement, Shenzhen Nanshan Medical Group Headquarter, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Backman H, Vanfleteren L, Lindberg A, Ekerljung L, Stridsman C, Axelsson M, Nilsson U, Nwaru BI, Sawalha S, Eriksson B, Hedman L, Rådinger M, Jansson SA, Ullman A, Kankaanranta H, Lötvall J, Rönmark E, Lundbäck B. Decreased COPD prevalence in Sweden after decades of decrease in smoking. Respir Res 2020; 21:283. [PMID: 33115506 PMCID: PMC7594463 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD has increased in prevalence worldwide over several decades until the first decade after the millennium shift. Evidence from a few recent population studies indicate that the prevalence may be levelling or even decreasing in some areas in Europe. Since the 1970s, a substantial and ongoing decrease in smoking prevalence has been observed in several European countries including Sweden. The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors for COPD in the Swedish general population. A further aim was to estimate the prevalence trend of COPD in Northern Sweden from 1994 to 2009. METHODS Two large random population samples were invited to spirometry with bronchodilator testing and structured interviews in 2009-2012, one in south-western and one in northern Sweden, n = 1839 participants in total. The results from northern Sweden were compared to a study performed 15 years earlier in the same area and age-span. The diagnosis of COPD required both chronic airway obstruction (CAO) and the presence of respiratory symptoms, in line with the GOLD documents since 2017. CAO was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.70, with sensitivity analyses based on the FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN) criterion. RESULTS Based on the fixed ratio definition, the prevalence of COPD was 7.0% (men 8.3%; women 5.8%) in 2009-2012. The prevalence of moderate to severe (GOLD ≥ 2) COPD was 3.5%. The LLN based results were about 30% lower. Smoking, occupational exposures, and older age were risk factors for COPD, whereof smoking was the most dominating risk factor. In northern Sweden the prevalence of COPD, particularly moderate to severe COPD, decreased significantly from 1994 to 2009, and the decrease followed a decrease in smoking. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of COPD has decreased in Sweden, and the prevalence of moderate to severe COPD was particularly low. The decrease follows a major decrease in smoking prevalence over several decades, but smoking remained the dominating risk factor for COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Backman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health/the OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Lowie Vanfleteren
- COPD Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anne Lindberg
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Ekerljung
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Stridsman
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Dept of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Malin Axelsson
- Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulf Nilsson
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bright I Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sami Sawalha
- Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Berne Eriksson
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Halmstad Central County Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Linnea Hedman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health/the OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Dept of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sven-Arne Jansson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health/the OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Ullman
- COPD Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eva Rönmark
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health/the OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundbäck
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reducing tobacco-related health disparities has been a public health priority for more than 2 decades, yet disparities in cigarette use have remained steady or worsened. Less is known about how disparities in other tobacco products have changed over time. Our study examined trends in cigarette and other tobacco product use in Minnesota with the goal of informing efforts aimed at reducing disparities. METHODS We examined tobacco use disparities as a function of education, income, and race across the Minnesota Adult Tobacco Survey results in 2010 (N = 7,057), 2014 (N = 9,304), and 2018 (N = 6,055). Tobacco use was captured by assessing past 30-day use of 4 tobacco products: cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco, plus combustibles (ie, cigarettes and/or cigars) and any tobacco (ie, use of any of the 4 products). RESULTS At each wave, those with lower income and education reported greater use of cigarettes, combustibles, and any tobacco than those with higher income and education. Black respondents were more likely to report cigar and combustibles use than White respondents in 2018, whereas White respondents were more likely to report smokeless tobacco use in 2014. We saw no significant wave-by-demographic interactions, suggesting that the magnitude of the disparity remained unchanged over time for any tobacco product. CONCLUSION Substantial disparities in tobacco use remain across education, income, and race, even in a state such as Minnesota with a strong tobacco control program. Additional efforts are needed to close disparity gaps and reach endgame tobacco use targets for all subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Kingsbury
- Minnesota Department of Health, 85 7th Place East, St. Paul, MN 55101.
| | - J D'Silva
- ClearWay Minnesota, Bloomington, Minnesota
| | - E O'Gara
- ClearWay Minnesota, Bloomington, Minnesota
| | - M J Parks
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - R G Boyle
- University of California, Office of the President, Oakland, California
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
We used data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey to examine patterns of cigarette smoking behavior and tobacco use. In light of the recent upsurge in e-cigarette use, we modeled current use and future intentions to use vape products along with combustible cigarette smoking and other tobacco products (i.e., cigars, cigarillos, chew, snuff, and dip). Latent class analyses indicated four discrete classes of smokers including a nominally involved class with very modest levels of tobacco product use, a class blending e-cigarette and cigars, a class of youth who predominantly use combustible cigarettes, and a group reporting indiscriminate use of almost all tobacco products excluding chew. Tests of invariance in item response probabilities and latent class proportions showed little variation across race and gender, albeit a new class of combustible cigarette and e-cigarette users emerged when examined by grade. Members of the heavy smoking and tobacco use class were more likely to be male, White, and older. Predictors of class membership included expectancies (perceived benefits of use), perceived harm (risk), media exposure, tobacco dependence, and the desire to quit. Findings are discussed in terms of characterizing risk among already smoking youth and how actionable prevention measures can be incorporated into existing universal and indicated programs that target reducing tobacco use and smoking behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Komarc
- Department of Kinanthropology and Humanities, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Higuchi Y, Fujiwara M, Nakaya N, Fujimori M, Yamada Y, Wada R, Etoh T, Kakeda K, Uchitomi Y, Yamada N, Inagaki M. Trends in smoking rates among individuals with serious psychological distress: Analysis of data from a Japanese national survey, 2007-2016. Psychiatry Res 2020; 291:113225. [PMID: 32599444 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the downward trend in the smoking rate over time in Japan differs between individuals with and without serious psychological distress (SPD), we used nationally representative data sets from the 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2016 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of Japan. SPD was defined as a score ≥ 13 on the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. We conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses including the interaction terms between SPD and survey year. A total 187,685 participants were included. The interaction terms between SPD and survey year among men were significant for 2010 and 2016 but not for 2013. Among women, the interaction terms between SPD and survey year were not significant for any year. In conclusion, we confirmed that the gap in the rate of smoking between men with SPD and those without SPD decreased from 2007 to 2016. Among women, the gap in the smoking rate between those with SPD and those without SPD remained unchanged. Our findings suggest a need for specific support strategies including pharmacological interventions, especially for women smokers with SPD. Further studies are warranted to identify factors contributing to these sex differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Higuchi
- Taiyo Hills Hospital, 2200 Abe, Ochiaicho, Takahashi City, Okayama 716-0061, Japan
| | - Masaki Fujiwara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, 820 Sannomiya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama 343-8540, Japan; Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Maiko Fujimori
- Division of Health Care Research, Behavioral Sciences and Survivorship Research Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Division of Cohort Consortium Research, Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamada
- Sekizen Hospital, 140, Ippo, Tsuyama 708-0883, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Riho Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Etoh
- Department of Nursing, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kakeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yosuke Uchitomi
- Innovation Center for Supportive, Palliative and Psychosocial Care, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Psycho-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Norihito Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inagaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Opazo Breton M, Britton J, Bogdanovica I. Changes in roll-your-own tobacco and cigarette sales volume and prices before, during and after plain packaging legislation in the UK. Tob Control 2020; 29:263-268. [PMID: 31073097 PMCID: PMC7231459 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plain packaging and minimum pack size legislation for tobacco products was introduced in the UK in May 2016, with a 1-year sell-off period until May 2017, during which both fully branded and plain packs of various sizes were legally available. This study investigates trends in prices of roll-your-own tobacco (RYO) before, during and after implementation of this legislation, and compares trends with those observed in the cigarette market. METHODS We used Nielsen Scantrack data for the period from March 2013 to June 2018 to describe trends in UK inflation-adjusted prices and volumes of both RYO and cigarettes, and linear regression to estimate changes in prices associated with the introduction of plain packaging and the minimum pack sizes of 30 g RYO and 20 cigarettes. RESULTS In contrast to a downward trend in cigarette sales volumes, RYO volumes rose throughout the study period. By the time plain packs accounted for 75% or more of sales, the average price of products sold in equivalent pack sizes had increased, relative to average prices in the year before implementation and with adjustment for tax changes, from 34.9 to 38.8 pence per gram for RYO (mean difference 4.26, 95% CI 3.99 to 4.53 pence, 12% increase), and from 38.6 to 41.13 pence for cigarettes (mean difference 2.53, 95% CI 2.24 to 2.83 pence, 7% increase) per cigarette. CONCLUSIONS New legislation resulted in higher prices for RYO and manufactured cigarettes. However, sales volumes of RYO continued to increase throughout the study period, perhaps because RYO remains a less expensive means of smoking tobacco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Opazo Breton
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - John Britton
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ilze Bogdanovica
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shkolnikov VM, Churilova E, Jdanov DA, Shalnova SA, Nilssen O, Kudryavtsev A, Cook S, Malyutina S, McKee M, Leon DA. Time trends in smoking in Russia in the light of recent tobacco control measures: synthesis of evidence from multiple sources. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:378. [PMID: 32293365 PMCID: PMC7092419 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims at identifying long-term trends and patterns of current smoking by age, gender, and education in Russia, including the most recent period from 2008 during which tobacco control policies were implemented, and to estimate the impact on mortality of any reductions in prevalence. We present an in-depth analysis based on an unprecedentedly large array of survey data. METHODS We examined pooled micro-data on smoking from 17 rounds of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Study of 1996-2016, 11 other surveys conducted in Russia in 1975-2017, and two comparator surveys from England and the USA. Standardization by age and education, regression and meta-analysis were used to estimate trends in the prevalence of current smoking by gender, age, and educational patterns. RESULTS From the mid-1970s to the mid-2000s smoking prevalence among men was relatively stable at around 60%, after which time prevalence declined in every age and educational group. Among women, trends in smoking were more heterogeneous. Prevalence more than doubled above the age of 55 years from very low levels (< 5%). At younger ages, there were steep increases until the mid-2000s after which prevalence has declined. Trends differed by educational level, with women in the lowest educational category accounting for most of the long-term increase. We estimate that the decline in male smoking may have contributed 6.2% of the observed reduction in cardiovascular deaths among men in the period 2008-16. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of an effective tobacco control strategy in Russia starting in 2008 coincided with a decline in smoking prevalence among men from what had been stable, high levels over many decades regardless of age and education. Among women, the declines have been more uneven, with young women showing recent downturns, while the smoking prevalence in middle age has increased, particularly among those with minimal education. Among men, these positive changes will have made a small contribution to the reduction in mortality seen in Russia since 2005.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir M Shkolnikov
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Bolshoy Trekhsvyatitelsiy pereulok 3, Moscow, Russian Federation, 109038.
| | - Elena Churilova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Bolshoy Trekhsvyatitelsiy pereulok 3, Moscow, Russian Federation, 109038
| | - Dmitry A Jdanov
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Bolshoy Trekhsvyatitelsiy pereulok 3, Moscow, Russian Federation, 109038
| | - Svetlana A Shalnova
- National Medical Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy pereulok 10, Moscow, Russian Federation, 101990
| | - Odd Nilssen
- UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Alexander Kudryavtsev
- Northern State Medical University, Troitskiy Avenue 51, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation, 163000
| | - Sarah Cook
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladimirovsky spusk 2a, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630003
| | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - David A Leon
- UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ratajczak A, Jankowski P, Strus P, Feleszko W. Heat Not Burn Tobacco Product-A New Global Trend: Impact of Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Products on Public Health, a Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17020409. [PMID: 31936252 PMCID: PMC7014072 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The use of heat-not-burn tobacco products (HnB) is being adopted increasingly as an alternative to smoking combusted products, primarily cigarettes. Substantial controversy has accompanied their marketing and use in the public health context. In this study, we aimed to consider the probable impacts of HnB tobacco products use on public health. Methods: In May 2019, we conducted a systematic review of 15 studies concerning awareness and use of IQOS (abbrv. I Quit Ordinary Smoking) selected from three databases: Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase regarding public health. Results: All key outcomes varied by smoking status: more young adults who were currently smoking reported being aware of, interested in trying, and prone to trying heat-not-burn tobacco products. Interest in trying HnB products was also present among non-smokers, which raises concerns regarding new smokers. Interestingly, susceptibility to trying IQOS (25.1%) was higher than for traditional cigarettes (19.3%), but lower than for e-cigarettes (29.1%). Conclusions: Present studies suggest that HnB tobacco products have the potential to be a reduced risk product for public health compared to conventional cigarettes, considering indirectly the potential effects on the chronic diseases which are traditionally linked to traditional cigarette use as well as second hand exposure, but further studies are needed to determine whether this potential is likely to be realized. The process of HnB tobacco products becoming increasingly popular is of a global scale. Only small differences between countries on different continents regarding popularity and use of HnB tobacco products have been reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ratajczak
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, PL-02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, PL-02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Strus
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, PL-02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63A, PL-02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-223-199-417
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Collins BN, Nair US, DiSantis KI, Hovell MF, Davis SM, Rodriguez D, Audrain-McGovern J. Long-term Results From the FRESH RCT: Sustained Reduction of Children's Tobacco Smoke Exposure. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:21-30. [PMID: 31759804 PMCID: PMC6960012 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Standard care interventions to reduce children's tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) may not be sufficient to promote behavior change in underserved populations. A previous study demonstrated the short-term efficacy of an experimental counseling intervention, Family Rules for Establishing Smokefree Homes (FRESH) compared with standard care on boosting low-income children's TSE reduction and maternal smoking at 16-week end of treatment (EOT). This study tested long-term posttreatment efficacy of this treatment through a 12-month follow-up. STUDY DESIGN This study was a two-arm RCT. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Maternal smokers (n=300) not seeking cessation treatment were recruited from low-income, urban communities. Participants exposed their <4-year-old children to tobacco smoke daily. Data collection and analyses occurred from 2006 to 2018. INTERVENTION The FRESH behavioral intervention included 2 home visits and 7 phone sessions. FRESH used cognitive behavioral skills training, support, problem-solving, and positive social reinforcement to facilitate the adoption of increasingly challenging TSE-protection behaviors. No nicotine-replacement therapy or medication was provided. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were child cotinine (TSE biomarker) and reported TSE from EOT through 12 months after treatment. A secondary outcome was bioverified maternal smoking cessation. RESULTS Compared with controls, children in FRESH had significantly lower cotinine (β= -0.31, p<0.01) and lower maternal-reported TSE (β= -1.48, p=0.001) through the 12-month follow-up. A significant effect of time (β= -0.03, p=0.003) reflected a posttreatment decrease in cotinine. There was no treatment × time interaction, suggesting the treatment effect at EOT was sustained after treatment. Compared with controls, FRESH mothers maintained significantly higher odds of quitting smoking from EOT through 12-month follow-up (OR=8.87, 95% CI=2.33, 33.75). CONCLUSIONS Study results with a sample of underserved maternal smokers demonstrated that the short-term effect of FRESH counseling at 16-week EOT was maintained through 12 months after treatment-for both bioverified child TSE reduction and maternal smoking cessation. Smokers in low-income communities demonstrate elevated challenges to success in standard smoking treatment. FRESH follow-up results suggest the high potential value of more-intensive behavioral intervention for vulnerable smokers. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02117947.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N Collins
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Uma S Nair
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Katie I DiSantis
- Department of Public Health, Arcadia University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melbourne F Hovell
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Samantha M Davis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Rodriguez
- Department of Urban Public Health and Nutrition, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Janet Audrain-McGovern
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
East KA, Hitchman SC, McNeill A, Thrasher JF, Hammond D. Social norms towards smoking and vaping and associations with product use among youth in England, Canada, and the US. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107635. [PMID: 31765990 PMCID: PMC6905149 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assesses differences in social norms towards smoking and vaping among youth across countries (England, Canada, US) and smoking and vaping status. METHODS Data are from the 2017 ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey, among youth age 16-19 in England (N = 3444), Canada (N = 3327), and US (N = 3509). Prevalence of friend smoking, friend vaping, peer approval of smoking, and peer approval of vaping were estimated. Adjusted logistic regression models were estimated for each norm to assess associations with country, smoking status, and vaping status, adjusting for sociodemographics, alcohol use, and marijuana use. RESULTS 47% and 52% reported friend smoking and vaping respectively. Perceived peer approval of vaping (44%) was almost double that of smoking (23%). Compared with England, fewer Canadian and US youth reported friend smoking (Canada: AOR = 0.71 [95% CI = 0.62-0.82]; US: AOR = 0.54 [0.47-0.62]) and peer approval of smoking (Canada: AOR = 0.74 [0.63-0.87]; US: AOR = 0.78 [0.67-0.91]), yet more reported peer approval of vaping (Canada: AOR = 1.23 [1.08-1.41]; US: AOR = 1.30 [1.14-1.48]). More Canadian than English youth reported friend vaping (AOR = 1.17 [1.02-1.36]). Friend smoking, peer approval of smoking, and friend vaping were more common among smokers and vapers (all p < .02). Peer approval of vaping was more common among vapers but less common among smokers (all p < .044). CONCLUSIONS Youth had more positive vaping than smoking norms. English youth reported the most pro-smoking but least pro-vaping norms in adjusted models; this was unexpected given country differences in regulatory environments. Norms towards both products were associated with use, with some evidence of cross-product associations between norms and behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A East
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, UK.
| | - Sara C Hitchman
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, UK.
| | - Ann McNeill
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, UK.
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA; Department of Tobacco Research, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico.
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thomas T, Chandan JS, Li VSW, Lai CY, Tang W, Bhala N, Kaplan GG, Ng SC, Ghosh S. Global smoking trends in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of inception cohorts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221961. [PMID: 31545811 PMCID: PMC6756556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The effect of smoking on the risk of developing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) may be heterogeneous across ethnicity and geography. Although trends in smoking for the general population are well described, it is unknown whether these can be extrapolated to the IBD cohort. Smoking prevalence trends specific to the global IBD cohort over time have not been previously reported. This is a systematic review of smoking prevalence specific to the IBD cohort across geography. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted on Medline and Embase from January 1st 1946 to April 5th 2018 to identify population-based studies assessing the prevalence of smoking at diagnosis in inception cohorts of Crohn’s disease(CD) or ulcerative colitis(UC). Studies that did not report smoking data from time of diagnosis or the year of IBD diagnosis were excluded. Prevalence of smoking in IBD was stratified by geography and across time. Results We identified 56 studies that were eligible for inclusion. Smoking prevalence data at diagnosis of CD and UC was collected from twenty and twenty-five countries respectively. Never-smokers in the newly diagnosed CD population in the West has increased over the last two decades, especially in the United Kingdom and Sweden; +26.6% and +11.2% respectively. Never-smokers at CD diagnosis in newly industrialised nations have decreased over the 1990s and 2000s; China (-19.36%). Never-smokers at UC diagnosis also decreased in China; -15.4%. The former-smoker population at UC diagnosis in China is expanding; 11%(1990–2006) to 34%(2011–2013). Conclusion There has been a reduction in the prevalence of smoking in the IBD cohort in the West. This is not consistent globally. Although, smoking prevalence has decreased in the general population of newly industrialised nations, this remains an important risk factor with longer term outcomes awaiting translation in both UC and CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Thomas
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Joht Singh Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Venice Sze Wai Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Yin Lai
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Whitney Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Neeraj Bhala
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gilaad G. Kaplan
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Siew C. Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Birmingham, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
van Beek KNJ, Kuipers MAG, Lignac O, Kunst AE. Smoking in bars in eight European countries in 2010 and 2016: an observational comparative study. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:159-163. [PMID: 29982399 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most European countries established laws against smoking in public places. We aimed to describe the prevalence of smoking in bars in 2010 and 2016 in eight European countries and to characterise those bars in which smoking still occurred in 2016. Methods Smoking in bars was studied in 16 cities in 8 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Germany and the Netherlands). In 2010, 96 bars were visited. In 2016, 51 bars were revisited and 45 new bars were visited. Smoking indoors and characteristics of bars, terrace and customers were observed using a standard observation template. Associations between bar characteristics and smoking were analyzed using logistic regression. Results Overall prevalence of in-bar smoking was 39.6% in 2010 and 34.4% in 2016. Prevalence in bars covered by smoke-free legislation decreased from 24.2 to 13.0% between 2010 and 2016 whereas prevalence in bars where smoking was legally allowed increased from 73.3 to 88.9%. In-bar smoking almost exclusively occurred in countries with partial smoke-free legislation compared with more comprehensive legislation. Smoking was more prevalent in bars for locals, with a counter for drinks, slot-machines, no outside seating and no food service. Size of the bar, comfort of the terrace and the presence of cigarette vending machines were not associated with in-bar smoking. Conclusions Whereas comprehensive smoke-free legislation resulted in high compliance, smoking increased in bars in countries with partial or no smoke-free legislation. This study confirms that comprehensive smoke-free legislation is needed to protect customers and personnel against second-hand-smoke exposure in all bars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kolja N J van Beek
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirte A G Kuipers
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno Lignac
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roche DJO, Bujarski S, Green R, Hartwell EE, Leventhal AM, Ray LA. Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana consumption is associated with increased odds of same-day substance co- and tri-use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 200:40-49. [PMID: 31085377 PMCID: PMC6675401 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about event-level patterns of marijuana co- or tri-use with alcohol and tobacco. Thus, the study goal was to examine patterns of same-day alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana co- and tri-use at the individual level in non-treatment-seeking alcohol users. METHODS Participants (N = 551) completed an in-person interview for alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use over the previous 30 days, and the event-level substance use patterns of n = 179 participants who reported using each of these substances at least once per month were analyzed. RESULTS The use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes independently increased the probability of subsequent, simultaneous co-use of one of the two remaining substances. The co-use of alcohol with cigarettes and marijuana with cigarettes produced generally additive effects on the odds of same day tri-use of marijuana and alcohol, respectively. Conversely, the co-use of alcohol and marijuana produced sub-additive effects on likelihood of cigarette use. Sex moderated several of the observed patterns of co- and tri-use: the relationship between alcohol or cigarette use predicting marijuana co-use was stronger in men, whereas the observed additive relationships between drug co-use leading to tri-use was stronger in women. CONCLUSIONS The presented results may aid in the understanding of how simultaneous co-use of marijuana with alcohol and/or tobacco relates to the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of comorbid and trimorbid substance use disorder. Replication and extension of the results in treatment seeking populations using more fine-grained analysis approaches, e.g. ecological momentary assessment, is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J O Roche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Bujarski
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Green
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E E Hartwell
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - A M Leventhal
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Psychpology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gentry S, Forouhi N, Notley C. Are Electronic Cigarettes an Effective Aid to Smoking Cessation or Reduction Among Vulnerable Groups? A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:602-616. [PMID: 29608714 PMCID: PMC6697178 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking prevalence remains high in some vulnerable groups, including those who misuse substances, have a mental illness, are homeless, or are involved with the criminal justice system. E-cigarette use is increasing and may support smoking cessation/reduction. METHODS Systematic review of quantitative and qualitative data on the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation/reduction among vulnerable groups. Databases searched were MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, ASSIA, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Open Grey. Narrative synthesis of quantitative data and thematic synthesis of qualitative data. RESULTS 2628 records and 46 full texts were screened; 9 studies were identified for inclusion. Due to low quality of evidence, it is uncertain whether e-cigarettes are effective for smoking cessation in vulnerable populations. A moderate quality study suggested that e-cigarettes were as effective as nicotine replacement therapy. Four studies suggested significant smoking reduction; however, three were uncontrolled and had sample sizes below 30. A prospective cohort study found no differences between e-cigarette users and nonusers. No significant adverse events and minimal side effects were identified. Qualitative thematic synthesis revealed barriers and facilitators associated with each component of the COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior) model, including practical barriers; perceptions of effectiveness for cessation/reduction; design features contributing to automatic and reflective motivation; smoking bans facilitating practical opportunity; and social connectedness increasing social opportunity. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to identify the most appropriate device types for practicality and safety, level of support required in e-cigarette interventions, and to compare e-cigarettes with current best practice smoking cessation support among vulnerable groups. IMPLICATIONS Smoking prevalence among people with mental illness, substance misuse, homelessness, or criminal justice system involvement remains high. E-cigarettes could support cessation. This systematic review found limited quantitative evidence assessing effectiveness. No serious adverse events were identified. Qualitative thematic synthesis revealed barriers and facilitators mapping to each component of the COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior) model, including practical barriers; perceived effectiveness; design features contributing to automatic and reflective motivation; smoking bans facilitating practical opportunity; and social connectedness increasing social opportunity. Further research should consider appropriate devices for practicality and safety, concurrent support, and comparison with best practice smoking cessation support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gentry
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SR
| | - Nita Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin Notley
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
DeHart WB, Mellis AM, Kaplan BA, Pope DA, Bickel WK. The Experimental Tobacco Marketplace: Narratives engage cognitive biases to increase electronic cigarette substitution. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 197:203-211. [PMID: 30849645 PMCID: PMC6447076 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Experimental Tobacco Marketplace (ETM) is a digital storefront in which participants can purchase tobacco products using an account balance that reflects their typical tobacco product purchasing. The ETM is also an ideal resource to investigate the harm-reduction potential of alternative nicotine products such as e-cigarettes. In a series of experiments, we explored the effects of harm-reduction narratives that encouraged e-cigarette substitution of conventional cigarettes in the ETM. These narratives incorporated different cognitive biases in order to determine which strategy is most effective. METHODS In both experiments, participants, recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk, read a narrative about a friend that either falls ill or faces financial difficulties and then made purchases in the ETM. Some of these narratives specifically incorporated different cognitive biases including trusting authority. Across ETM trials, the price of conventional cigarettes increased while the price of the alternative products, including e-cigarettes, remained constant. RESULTS Across both experiments, a general pattern emerged supporting the effectiveness of narratives in increasing e-cigarette purchasing. Importantly, from a harm-reduction perspective, this increase in e-cigarette substitution frequently corresponded with a decrease in conventional cigarette purchasing. CONCLUSIONS Narratives can decrease conventional cigarette and increase e-cigarette purchasing in an ETM that mimics real-world marketplaces. Invoking different cognitive biases may bolster this effect. Narratives can be a valuable harm-reduction tool because they are cost-effective, can be widely disseminated, and can be personalized to individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Brady DeHart
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | - Alexandra M Mellis
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Brent A Kaplan
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | - Derek A Pope
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA.
| | - Warren K Bickel
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Faculty of Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bae RE, Maloney EK, Albarracín D, Cappella JN. Does Interest in Smoking Affect Youth Selection of Pro-smoking Videos? A Selective Exposure Experiment. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:539-546. [PMID: 29529271 PMCID: PMC6476236 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many pro-smoking videos on YouTube reach view counts in the hundreds of thousands and more. Yet, there is limited information on who is viewing these potentially misleading videos. This study attempts to understand the viewership of online pro-smoking videos to examine if youth at high risk for smoking are more likely to watch these videos. METHODS We conducted a selective exposure experiment with a national sample of youths (ages 15-21 years; n = 614) to identify characteristics that make individuals more likely to select pro-smoking videos. During a 10-min browsing session, participants were given a set of 16 videos (eight smoking and eight nonsmoking) and were asked to view video(s) of their choice. Exposure to videos was unobtrusively logged. View count was manipulated such that smoking videos had either high or low views. RESULTS Behavioral data revealed that youth with higher interest in smoking were more likely to select and spend more time watching pro-smoking videos than youth with lower interest in smoking. The view count manipulation did not affect selection patterns. However, exposure to high view count smoking videos was associated with more positive attitudes toward smoking. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study call into question the existence and prominence of pro-smoking videos on YouTube and bring to attention the need for regulatory or monitoring efforts of such content. IMPLICATIONS Given the presence and prevalence of misleading pro-smoking videos online, this is the first study to ask the practical and important question of who is viewing these videos. Using behavioral data, we are able to demonstrate that youth who are high at risk for smoking are more susceptible to select and spend more time viewing pro-smoking videos than youth who are low at risk for smoking. Findings also show that when pro-smoking videos appear to be "popular," they affect attitudes toward smoking. Our findings provide policy implications regarding regulation of smoking promotion videos online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Eungyuhl Bae
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Erin K Maloney
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dolores Albarracín
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Joseph N Cappella
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Minardi V, Ferrante G, D'Argenio P, Masocco M, Spizzichino L, Bietta C, Contoli B, Gallus S. Roll-your-own cigarette use in Italy: sales and consumer profile-data from PASSI surveillance, 2015-2016. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:423-430. [PMID: 30683951 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of roll-your-own (RYO) cigarette has substantially increased in most high-income countries recently. This work aims to update Italian trends on loose tobacco sales and to describe the consumer profile of predominant RYO users. METHODS Data from the Italian Agency of Customs and State Monopolies and from PASSI (Italian behavioral risk factor surveillance system) were used. Information on 16,858 interviews to current smokers aged 18-69 was analyzed. RESULTS Sales of loose tobacco increased more than sevenfold between 2004 and 2017. In 2015-2016, 11.6% of smokers reported smoking predominantly RYO cigarettes, with higher percentages among the youngest where a significant association between use of RYO and education was observed, unlike what happened in older adults. The association between economic difficulties and use of RYO was observed only in older adults. CONCLUSIONS A growing trend in RYO cigarette sales was registered between 2004 and 2017. In young smokers, the greater use of RYO was observed among the most educated regardless of financial strain, while in older ones among those with economic difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Minardi
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Ferrante
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Masocco
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spizzichino
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Italian Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Bietta
- Local Health Unit 2 of Umbria, Prevention Department, Epidemiology Unit, Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Contoli
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mínguez-Alarcón L, Chavarro JE, Gaskins AJ. Caffeine, alcohol, smoking, and reproductive outcomes among couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatments. Fertil Steril 2018; 110:587-592. [PMID: 30196942 PMCID: PMC11002791 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, as the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has continued to increase worldwide, research investigating whether modifiable lifestyle factors, such as alcohol, caffeine, and smoking, may affect ART outcomes has grown. Despite the vast literature, there is still uncertainty regarding the effects of some of these exposures on ART outcomes. The objective of this review is to summarize the epidemiologic literature on intakes of caffeine and alcohol, smoking, and reproductive outcomes among women undergoing ART. Of the five epidemiologic studies on caffeine intake and ART outcomes, only one found a significant negative effect of caffeine intake on live birth following ART. There have been six epidemiologic studies exploring whether alcohol intake is associated with fertility outcomes among women undergoing ART. Three studies assessed current alcohol consumption and observed a negative effect on outcomes such as fertilization, embryo quality, and implantation. When alcohol intake in the year before treatment was assessed, no relationships were observed with clinical outcomes following ART. Finally, numerous epidemiologic studies and a handful of meta-analyses have confirmed that female current smokers have worse ART outcomes compared with nonsmokers. Although former smokers tend to have better ART outcomes than current smokers, very few individual studies have investigated the influence of smoking cessation on ART outcomes. Literature on male smoking, drinking, and caffeine habits in relation to ART outcomes is even sparser and inconsistent, making it difficult to draw strong conclusions on that topic. In summary, there is little evidence supporting a detrimental effect of moderate caffeine intake on ART outcomes. Current consumption of alcohol may have a negative effect on ART outcomes, but at present the evidence is limited. Women who currently smoke cigarettes have been consistently found to have poorer ART outcomes, including reduced live birth rates, but a quantification of the benefits of smoking cessation is lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stanfield K, Rodgers S. A Multi-Year Study of Tobacco Control in Newspaper Editorials Using Community Characteristic Data and Content Analysis Findings. Health Commun 2018; 33:842-850. [PMID: 28467107 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1315679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We content analyzed 1,473 newspaper editorials for topic, tone, and slant, and connected the results to community characteristic data: clean indoor air ordinance status for cities, and official smoking rates for counties. The analysis occurred during a multi-year project aimed at prompting communities to adopt clean indoor air policies. The results showed that most editorials were about tobacco restrictions or ordinances, were neutral in tone, and provided factual information about tobacco control. More editorials were negatively slanted vs. positively slanted toward tobacco control. Most editorials with positive tones were published in newspapers in towns that already had clean indoor air policies. We concluded that editorials might hold increased weight in spurring change, as the percentage of smokers in a city is unrelated to the town enacting a clean indoor air ordinance.
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
McKeganey N, Barnard M. Change and Continuity in Vaping and Smoking by Young People: A Qualitative Case Study of A Friendship Group. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15051008. [PMID: 29772812 PMCID: PMC5982047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a qualitative case study of a small friendship group (n = 8) in Glasgow, Scotland. Interviewed twice at six months apart, these 16 to 17 year olds reported a substantial change in their use of and attitudes towards e-cigarettes and tobacco. At time 1, vaping generated much excitement and interest, with six out of eight individuals having their own vape device. At time 2, only two young people still vaped, with the others no longer professing any interest in continued vaping. The two regular smokers, who had been smoking before they first vaped, now only vaped privately and to reduce their tobacco intake. This small case study illustrates plasticity in the use of these devices; just as young people can move into their use, so too can they move away from them. This small study underscores the importance of differentiating between long-term, frequent, consistent use and more episodic, experimental and infrequent use by young people and for undertaking a measurement of actual e-cigarette use at multiple time points in both quantitative and qualitative studies. In addition, the case study illustrates the powerful impact which peers can have on teenagers use of e-cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil McKeganey
- Centre for Substance Use Research, Block 3/2 West of Scotland Science Park, Kelvin Campus, Maryhill Road, Glasgow G20 0SP, UK.
| | - Marina Barnard
- Centre for Substance Use Research, Block 3/2 West of Scotland Science Park, Kelvin Campus, Maryhill Road, Glasgow G20 0SP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stokes A, Collins JM, Berry KM, Reynolds LM, Fetterman JL, Rodriguez CJ, Siegel MB, Benjamin EJ. Electronic Cigarette Prevalence and Patterns of Use in Adults with a History of Cardiovascular Disease in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e007602. [PMID: 29700041 PMCID: PMC6015295 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterizing electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use patterns is important for guiding tobacco regulatory policy and projecting the future burden of tobacco-related diseases. Few studies have examined patterns of e-cigarette use in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS We examined e-cigarette use in adults aged 18 to 89 years with a history of CVD, using data from the 2014 National Health Interview Survey. We investigated associations between ever and current e-cigarette use and smoking with multivariable logistic regression. In a secondary analysis, we modeled the association between e-cigarette use and a quit attempt over the past year. Former smokers with CVD who quit smoking within the past year showed 1.85 (95% confidence interval, 1.03, 3.33) times the odds of having ever used e-cigarettes as compared with those who reported being "some days" current smokers. Current smokers who attempted to quit smoking within the past year showed significantly increased odds of ever having used e-cigarettes (odds ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.25, 2.30) and currently using e-cigarettes (odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.32, 2.95) as compared with smokers who had not attempted to quit over the past year. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with CVD who recently quit smoking or reported a recent quit attempt were significantly more likely to use e-cigarettes than current smokers and those who did not report a quit attempt. Our findings may indicate that this population is using e-cigarettes as an aid to smoking cessation. Characterizing emerging e-cigarette use behaviors in adults with CVD may help to inform outreach activities aimed at this high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stokes
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jason M Collins
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kaitlyn M Berry
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lindsay M Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Carlos J Rodriguez
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Michael B Siegel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
El-Awa FMS, El Naga RA, Labib S, Latif NA. Tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship in entertainment media: a phenomenon requiring stronger controls in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. East Mediterr Health J 2018; 24:72-76. [PMID: 29658623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use and placement of tobacco products in television (TV) productions and movies is a way to promote tobacco use while avoiding tobacco advertising bans that exist in most countries. The fact that such productions are broadcast widely and viewed by millions, including children and young people, is of concern. This paper reviews the evidence on the use of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) in TV and films in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and the ways to combat it. Evidence from Egypt shows considerable and increasing use of tobacco products by actors on screen, including female actors, in programmes aired during Ramadan in 2015-2017. A study of Iranian movies in 2015 showed that tobacco scenes in Iranian movies were increasing. In 2014, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean held a consultative meeting on TAPS in drama. The consultation recommended regulating the tobacco presence in movies and TV through complete implementation of Article 13 of the WHO FCTC, and raising the issue to the WHO FCTC Conference of the Parties. In 2016, the Conference of the Parties called on parties to consider scaling up the implementation of WHO FCTC Article 13 and monitoring the use of TAPS in entertainment media in accordance with national legislation. A comprehensive approach is essential to end the tobacco industry's use of TV productions and movies to promote their products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah M S El-Awa
- Tobacco Free Initiative, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar Labib
- Tobacco Control Department, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nisreen Abdel Latif
- Noncommunicable Diseases & Mental Health, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cole AG, Qian W, Leatherdale ST. Changing the Smoking Trajectory: Evaluating the Impact of School-Based Tobacco Interventions on Changes to Susceptibility to Future Smoking. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14101182. [PMID: 28981472 PMCID: PMC5664683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
School-based programs and policies can reduce student smoking rates. However, their impact on never-smoking students has not been investigated despite the clear transition between non-susceptible, susceptible, and ever tried smoking statuses. The objective of this paper was to examine the longitudinal student-level impact of six changes in school-based tobacco control programs and policies on student transitions in susceptibility to smoking over one year. Two multinomial logistic regression models identified the relative risk of a change in self-reported susceptibility to smoking or in trying a cigarette among never-smoking students in each of the six intervention schools compared to the relative risk among never-smoking students in control schools. Model 1 identified the relative risk of a change in smoking susceptibility status among baseline non-susceptible never smoking students, while Model 2 identified the relative risk of a change in smoking susceptibility status among baseline susceptible never smoking students. Students at some intervention schools were at increased risk of becoming susceptible to or trying a cigarette at one year follow-up. Intervention studies should examine changes to susceptibility to future smoking when evaluating impact to ensure that school-based tobacco control programs and policies do not negatively change the risk status of never-smoking students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Cole
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mazur J, Dzielska A, Kowalewska A, Fijałkowska A. Current trends in tobacco smoking among 15-year-old adolescents in Poland in the background of 30 countries. Przegl Lek 2016; 73:685-689. [PMID: 29688683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The international HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children) survey has enabled the comparison of the patterns of changes with respect to a number of health indicators in adolescence. The aim of the study was to show international trends and how the position of Poland in international rankings of smoking prevalence has changed since 2002. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study comprised 30 countries for which data was available from four rounds of HBSC survey (2002-2014). In total, 218 759 15-year-olds were surveyed, including 7289 in Poland. For each country a linear trend was estimated, separately for boys and girls, to describe changes in regular smoking (daily or at least once a week). RESULTS In the investigated period, the percentage of 15-year-old boys who smoke every week fell in Poland from 26.2% to 15.5%, and the respective percentage in girls decreased from 17.2% to 14.7%. This means annual decrease of 0.88% in boys and 0.24% in girls. In a combined international sample, exactly the same as in Poland rate of change was noted in boys; however, a definitely faster in girls (0.95% a year). The highest rate of change was observed in Ukraine, Germany and Norway, while the lowest in Greece, Croatia and Israel. Poland’s position in the international ranking moved from 8th to 24th, providing that the countries are listed according to the growing percentage of 15-year-olds of both genders who smoke regularly. CONCLUSIONS Decrease in the prevalence of smoking among Polish adolescents, observed from the beginning of this century, has been undoubtedly a success related to the implemented preventive measures. However, attention should be drawn to the strategies launched in countries which achieved better results than Poland, as well as to the reasons of less positive trends among Polish girls.
Collapse
|