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Tang R, Gasvoda KL, Rabin J, Alsberg E. Protein conformation stabilized by newly formed turns for thermal resilience. Biophys J 2023; 122:82-89. [PMID: 36419349 PMCID: PMC9822789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermally stable or resilient proteins are usually stabilized at intermediate states during thermal stress to prevent irreversible denaturation. However, the mechanism by which their conformations are stabilized to resist high temperature remains elusive. Herein, we investigate the conformational and thermal stability of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a key signaling molecule in numerous biological pathways. We report that the TGF-β1 molecule is thermally resilient as it gradually denatures during thermal treatment when the temperature increases to 90°C-100°C but recovers native folding when the temperature decreases. Using this protein as a model, further studies show the maintenance of its bioactive functional properties after thermal stress, as demonstrated by differentiation induction of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells into myofibroblasts and chondrocytes, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that although the protein's secondary structure is unstable under thermal stress, its conformation is partially stabilized by newly formed turns. Given the importance and/or prevalence of TGF-β1 in biological processes, potential therapeutics, and the human diet, our findings encourage consideration of its thermostability for biomedical applications and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tang
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Kaelyn L Gasvoda
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jacob Rabin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Orthopedics, and Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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2
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Fang P, Han L, Liu C, Deng S, Zhang E, Gong P, Ren Y, Gu J, He L, Yuan ZX. Dual-Regulated Functionalized Liposome-Nanoparticle Hybrids Loaded with Dexamethasone/TGFβ1-siRNA for Targeted Therapy of Glomerulonephritis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:307-323. [PMID: 34968038 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesangial cell (MC)-mediated glomerulonephritis is a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease, with immune inflammatory damage and fibrosis as its basic pathological processes. However, the treatment of glomerulonephritis remains challenging owing to limited drug accumulation and serious side effects. Hence, the specific codelivery of "anti-inflammatory/antifibrosis" drugs to the glomerular MC region is expected to yield better therapeutic effects. In this study, liposome-nanoparticle hybrids (Au-LNHy) were formed by coating the surface of gold nanoparticles with a phospholipid bilayer; the Au-LNHys formed were comodified with PEG and α8 integrin antibodies to obtain gold nanoparticle immunoliposomes (Au-ILs). Next, the Au-ILs were loaded with dexamethasone and TGFβ1 siRNA to obtain DXMS/siRNA@Au-ILs. Our results showed that the functionalized nanoparticles had a core-shell structure, a uniform and suitable particle size, low cytotoxicity, and good MC entry, and lysosomal escape abilities. The nanoparticles were found to exhibit enhanced retention in glomerular MCs due to anti-α8 integrin antibody mediation. In vivo and in vitro pharmacodynamic studies showed the enhanced efficacy of DXMS/siRNA@Au-ILs modified with α8 integrin antibodies in the treatment of glomerulonephritis. In addition, DXMS/siRNA@Au-ILs were capable of effectively reducing the expression levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and other cytokines, thereby improving pathological inflammatory and fibrotic conditions in the kidney, and significantly mediating the dual regulation of inflammation and fibrosis. In summary, our results demonstrated that effectively targeting the MCs of the glomerulus for drug delivery can inhibit local inflammation and fibrosis and produce better therapeutic effects, providing a new strategy and promising therapeutic approach for the development of targeted therapies for glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
- Lab of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chunping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Shichen Deng
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - E Zhang
- Officers College of PAP, Chengdu 610213, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yan Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lili He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
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3
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Cirera A, Sevilla P, Manzanares MC, Franch J, Galindo-Moreno P, Gil J. Osseointegration around dental implants biofunctionalized with TGFβ-1 inhibitor peptides: an in vivo study in beagle dogs. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2020; 31:62. [PMID: 32696084 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofunctionalization with two TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides, P17 and P144, on osseointegration of CP-Ti dental implants. A total of 36 implants (VEGA, Klockner®) with 3.5 × 8 mm internal connection were used in this study, divided in three groups: (1) control group (n = 12), (2) implants which surfaces were biofunctionalized with P17 peptide inhibitor (n = 12), (3) implants with surfaces biofunctionalized by P144 peptide (n = 12). Three implants, one from each group, were inserted in both hemimandibles of 6 beagle dogs, 2 months after tooth extraction. Two animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks post implant insertion, respectively. The samples were analyzed by Backscattering Scanning Electron Microscopy (BS-SEM) and histological analysis. Histomorphometric analysis of bone to implant contact (BIC), peri-implant bone fraction (BF) and interthread bone (IB) were carried out. Bone formation around implants measured by quantitative analysis, BS-SEM, was significantly higher in the P17-biofunctionalized implants, 4 and 8 weeks after the implantation. Histomorphometric analysis of BIC, BF and IB showed higher values in the P17-biofunctionalized group at initial stages of healing (2 weeks) and early osseointegration both at 4 and 8 weeks. For P144 biofunctionalized implants, the histomorphometric values obtained are also higher than control group. Accordingly, better results in the experimental groups were proven both by the quantitative and the qualitative analysis. Surface biofunctionalization with TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides, P17 and P144, resulted in better quantitative and qualitative parameters relative to implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cirera
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario La Cartuja s/n, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Sevilla
- Escola Universitària Salesiana de Sarrià - EUSS Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, DPyTEx, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Franch
- Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Choi KM, Yoo HS. Amelioration of Hyperglycemia-Induced Nephropathy by 3,3'-Diindolylmethane in Diabetic Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244474. [PMID: 31817632 PMCID: PMC6943523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes) is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by an insulin deficiency. Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of hyperglycemia. 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In this study, we investigated whether DIM could improve insulin-dependent diabetes and nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. In mice, STZ induced hyperglycemia, hunger, thirst, and abnormally increased kidney weight and serum creatinine, which is a renal functional parameter. DIM decreased STZ-increased high blood glucose levels and food and water intake in diabetic mice. DIM also improved diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the expression of PKC-α, the marker of albuminuria, and TGF-β1, an indicator of renal hypertrophy, in diabetic mice. Our findings suggest that DIM may ameliorate hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy through the inhibition of PKC-α and TGF-β1 signaling.
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5
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Stachowski T, Grant TD, Snell EH. Structural consequences of transforming growth factor beta-1 activation from near-therapeutic X-ray doses. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:967-979. [PMID: 31274418 PMCID: PMC6613122 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519005113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dissociation of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1) from the inhibitory protein latency-associated peptide (LAP) can occur from low doses of X-ray irradiation of the LAP-TGFβ-1 complex, resulting in the activation of TGFβ-1, and can have health-related consequences. Using the tools and knowledge developed in the study of radiation damage in the crystallographic setting, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and complementary techniques suggest an activation process that is initiated but not driven by the initial X-ray exposure. LAP is revealed to be extended when not bound to TGFβ-1 and has a different structural conformation compared to the bound state. These studies pave the way for the structural understanding of systems impacted at therapeutic X-ray doses and show the potential impact of radiation damage studies beyond their original intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Stachowski
- Hauptman–Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Thomas D. Grant
- Hauptman–Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Edward H. Snell
- Hauptman–Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Materials Design and Innovation, State University of New York at Buffalo, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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6
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Kudva AK, Dikina AD, Luyten FP, Alsberg E, Patterson J. Gelatin microspheres releasing transforming growth factor drive in vitro chondrogenesis of human periosteum derived cells in micromass culture. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:287-299. [PMID: 30905864 PMCID: PMC6597958 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For cartilage tissue engineering, several in vitro culture methodologies have displayed potential for the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Micromasses, cell aggregates or pellets, and cell sheets are all structures with high cell density that provides for abundant cell-cell interactions, which have been demonstrated to be important for chondrogenesis. Recently, these culture systems have been improved via the incorporation of growth factor releasing components such as degradable microspheres within the structures, further enhancing chondrogenesis. Herein, we incorporated different amounts of gelatin microspheres releasing transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) into micromasses composed of human periosteum derived cells (hPDCs), an MSC-like cell population. The aim of this research was to investigate chondrogenic stimulation by TGF-β1 delivery from these degradable microspheres in comparison to exogenous supplementation with TGF-β1 in the culture medium. Microscopy showed that the gelatin microspheres could be successfully incorporated within hPDC micromasses without interfering with the formation of the structure, while biochemical analysis and histology demonstrated increasing DNA content at week 2 and accumulation of glycosaminoglycan and collagen at weeks 2 and 4. Importantly, similar chondrogenesis was achieved when TGF-β1 was delivered from the microspheres compared to controls with TGF-β1 in the medium. Increasing the amount of growth factor within the micromasses by increasing the amount of microspheres added did not further improve chondrogenesis of the hPDCs. These findings demonstrate the potential of using cytokine releasing, gelatin microspheres to enhance the chondrogenic capabilities of hPDC micromasses as an alternative to supplementation of the culture medium with growth factors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Gelatin microspheres are utilized for growth factor delivery to enhance chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in high cell density culture systems. Herein, we employ a new combination of these microspheres with micromasses of human periosteum-derived cells, which possess ease of isolation, excellent expansion potential, and MSC-like differentiation capabilities. The resulting localized delivery of transforming growth factor β1 increases glycosaminoglycan and collagen production within the micromasses without exogenous stimulation in the medium. This unique combination is able to drive chondrogenesis up to similar levels as seen in micromasses that do receive exogenous stimulation. The addition of growth factor releasing microspheres to high cell density micromasses has the potential to reduce costs associated with this strategy for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijith K Kudva
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anna D Dikina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jennifer Patterson
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 813, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 block a, box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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7
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Tang RZ, Gu SS, Chen XT, He LJ, Wang KP, Liu XQ. Immobilized Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 in a Stiffness-Tunable Artificial Extracellular Matrix Enhances Mechanotransduction in the Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:14660-14671. [PMID: 30973698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is regulated by multiple factors of extracellular matrix (ECM). Understanding how cancer cells integrate multiple signaling pathways to achieve specific behaviors remains a challenge because of the lack of appropriate models to copresent and modulate ECM properties. Here we proposed a strategy to build a thin biomaterial matrix by poly(l-lysine) and hyaluronan as an artificial stiffness-tunable ECM. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) was used as a biochemical cue to present in an immobilized and spatially controlled manner, with a high loading efficiency of 90%. Either soft matrix with immobilized TGF-β1 (i-TGF) or bare stiff matrix could only promote HCC cells to form the epithelial phenotype, whereas stiff matrix with i-TGF was the only condition to induce the mesenchymal phenotype. Further investigation revealed that i-TGF increased the specific TGF-β1 receptor (TβRI) expression to activate PI3K pathway. i-TGF-TβRI interactions also promoted HCC cell adhesion to enlarge contact area for stiffness sensing, resulting in the raising expression of the mechano-sensor (β1 integrin). Mechanotransduction would then be enhanced by the β1 integrin/vinculin/p-FAK pathway, leading to a noble PI3K activation. Using our model, a novel mechanism was discovered to elucidate regulation of cell fates by coupling mechanotransduction and biochemical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li-Jie He
- Graphitene Ltd. , Flixborough , North Lincolnshire DN15 8SJ , United Kingdom
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8
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Chen Y, Wu T, Huang S, Suen CWW, Cheng X, Li J, Hou H, She G, Zhang H, Wang H, Zheng X, Zha Z. Sustained Release SDF-1α/TGF-β1-Loaded Silk Fibroin-Porous Gelatin Scaffold Promotes Cartilage Repair. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:14608-14618. [PMID: 30938503 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Continuous delivery of growth factors to the injury site is crucial to creating a favorable microenvironment for cartilage injury repair. In the present study, we fabricated a novel sustained-release scaffold, stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-loaded silk fibroin-porous gelatin scaffold (GSTS). GSTS persistently releases SDF-1α and TGF-β1, which enhance cartilage repair by facilitating cell homing and chondrogenic differentiation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that GSTS is a porous microstructure and the protein release assay demonstrated the sustainable release of SDF-1α and TGF-β1 from GSTS. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) maintain high in vitro cell activity and excellent cell distribution and phenotype after seeding into GSTS. Furthermore, MSCs acquired enhanced chondrogenic differentiation capability in the TGF-β1-loaded scaffolds (GSTS or GST: loading TGF-β1 only) and the conditioned medium from SDF-1α-loaded scaffolds (GSTS or GSS: loading SDF-1α only) effectively promoted MSCs migration. GSTS was transplanted into the osteochondral defects in the knee joint of rats, and it could promote cartilage regeneration and repair the cartilage defects at 12 weeks after transplantation. Our study shows that GSTS can facilitate in vitro MSCs homing, migration, chondrogenic differentiation and SDF-1α and TGF-β1 have a synergistic effect on the promotion of in vivo cartilage forming. This SDF-1α and TGF-β1 releasing GSTS have promising therapeutic potential in cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Chen
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Shusen Huang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Chun-Wai Wade Suen
- Department of Genetics , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 3EH , United Kingdom
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , Guangdong , P. R. China
| | - Jieruo Li
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Huige Hou
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Guorong She
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Huantian Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
| | - Zhengang Zha
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases and Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , P. R. China
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9
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Dai G, Sun B, Gong T, Pan Z, Meng Q, Ju W. Ginsenoside Rb2 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer cells by suppressing TGF-β/Smad signaling. Phytomedicine 2019; 56:126-135. [PMID: 30668333 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treating colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a clinical challenge. Studies have shown that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in tumor progression and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling has been shown to play a crucial role in EMT. Here, we investigate the inhibition effect of Ginsenoside Rb2, main bioactive component of ginseng, in human colorectal cancer cells via TGF-β1. PURPOSE The current study aims to study the inhibitory effect of Ginsenoside Rb2 on HCT116 and SW620 cells and its anti-tumor mechanism. METHODS Histomorphological analysis and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate expression of TGF-β1 in human cancerous colon samples and the adjacent normal samples. The docking simulation assay were performed to explore the potential mode of binding of Ginsenoside Rb2 to the TGF-β1 protein. CCK8, adhesion and invasion assay were used to assess the effects of Ginsenoside Rb2 in HCT116 and SW620 cells. RT-PCR, Western blot and Immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect the TGF-β1-related signaling pathways in the colon cancer cells and/or xenograft mice. RESULTS The expression of TGF-β1 in human cancerous colon samples was significantly increased compared with the adjacent normal samples. Ginsenoside Rb2 inhibit the growth, adhesion, EMT and metastasis of human colorectal cancer cells. The docking simulation assay confirmed that Ginsenoside Rb2 bound to the hydrophobic pocket of TGF-β1, which partially overlaps with the binding sites on TGF-β1, and thus disrupted TGF-β1 dimerization. Western Blot analysis further confirmed that Ginsenoside Rb2 could inhibit the expression of TGF-β1 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Ginsenoside Rb2 could inhibit the expression of Smad4 and phosphorylated Smad2/3. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rb2 could inhibit EMT of colorectal cancer cells through the TGF-β1/Smad signaling, and might be a potential candidate for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bingting Sun
- TCM Research Institution, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Oncology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinghai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenzheng Ju
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
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10
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Teyra J, Singer AU, Schmitges FW, Jaynes P, Kit Leng Lui S, Polyak MJ, Fodil N, Krieger JR, Tong J, Schwerdtfeger C, Brasher BB, Ceccarelli DFJ, Moffat J, Sicheri F, Moran MF, Gros P, Eichhorn PJA, Lenter M, Boehmelt G, Sidhu SS. Structural and Functional Characterization of Ubiquitin Variant Inhibitors of USP15. Structure 2019; 27:590-605.e5. [PMID: 30713027 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The multi-domain deubiquitinase USP15 regulates diverse eukaryotic processes and has been implicated in numerous diseases. We developed ubiquitin variants (UbVs) that targeted either the catalytic domain or each of three adaptor domains in USP15, including the N-terminal DUSP domain. We also designed a linear dimer (diUbV), which targeted the DUSP and catalytic domains, and exhibited enhanced specificity and more potent inhibition of catalytic activity than either UbV alone. In cells, the UbVs inhibited the deubiquitination of two USP15 substrates, SMURF2 and TRIM25, and the diUbV inhibited the effects of USP15 on the transforming growth factor β pathway. Structural analyses revealed that three distinct UbVs bound to the catalytic domain and locked the active site in a closed, inactive conformation, and one UbV formed an unusual strand-swapped dimer and bound two DUSP domains simultaneously. These inhibitors will enable the study of USP15 function in oncology, neurology, immunology, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Teyra
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Alex U Singer
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Frank W Schmitges
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Patrick Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah Kit Leng Lui
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maria J Polyak
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Corbin Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Corbin Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Krieger
- SPARC BioCentre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jiefei Tong
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | | | - Bradley B Brasher
- Boston Biochem, a Bio-Techne Brand, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Derek F J Ceccarelli
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael F Moran
- SPARC BioCentre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pieter J A Eichhorn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Lenter
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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11
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Albright V, Xu M, Palanisamy A, Cheng J, Stack M, Zhang B, Jayaraman A, Sukhishvili SA, Wang H. Micelle-Coated, Hierarchically Structured Nanofibers with Dual-Release Capability for Accelerated Wound Healing and Infection Control. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800132. [PMID: 29683273 PMCID: PMC6347427 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring nanofibrous matrices-a material with much promise for wound healing applications-to simultaneously mitigate bacterial colonization and stimulate wound closure of infected wounds is highly desirable. To that end, a dual-releasing, multiscale system of biodegradable electrospun nanofibers coated with biocompatible micellar nanocarriers is reported. For wound healing, transforming growth factor-β1 is incorporated into polycaprolactone/collagen (PCL/Coll) nanofibers via electrospinning and the myofibroblastic differentiation of human dermal fibroblasts is locally stimulated. To prevent infection, biocompatible nanocarriers of polypeptide-based block copolymer micelles are deposited onto the surfaces of PCL/Coll nanofibers using tannic acid as a binding partner. Micelle-modified fibrous scaffolds are favorable for wound healing, not only supporting the attachment and spreading of fibroblasts comparable to those on noncoated nanofibers, but also significantly enhancing fibroblast migration. Micellar coatings can be loaded with gentamicin or clindamycin and exhibit antibacterial activity as measured by Petrifilm and zone of inhibition assays as well as time-dependent reduction of cellular counts of Staphylococcus aureus cultures. Moreover, delivery time of antibiotic dosage is tunable through the application of a novel modular approach. Altogether, this system holds great promise as an infection-mitigating, cell-stimulating, biodegradable skin graft for wound management and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Albright
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 575 Ross Street, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Anbazhagan Palanisamy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 575 Ross Street, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Mary Stack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Beilu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University
| | - Svetlana A. Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 575 Ross Street, College Station, TX 77843, USA,
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA,
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12
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Sevilla P, Cirera A, Dotor J, Gil FJ, Galindo-Moreno P, Aparicio C. In vitro cell response on CP-Ti surfaces functionalized with TGF-β1 inhibitory peptides. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2018; 29:73. [PMID: 29796827 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegration of implants is conversely related to the generation of a fibrous tissue capsule around the implant by the host environment. Although TGF-β1 plays many roles in regeneration processes, it is the cytokine to be mostly associated to the production of fibrotic tissue and thus, its inhibition has demonstrated to be beneficial to prevent several fibrotic reactions. Surface biofunctionalization enables the immobilization of biologically active molecules on an implant surface to tailor the biological response of the host. Here, we studied in vitro biological effects of biofunctionalized CP-Ti surfaces with a TGF-β1 inhibitor peptide, P144. A reliable biofunctionalization process that tethers P144 peptides to commercially pure titanium was developed. Differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and fibroblasts on P144-functionalized and control surfaces was assessed at the gene expression and protein production levels. Results showed that P144-functionalized surfaces reduced expression and production of fibrotic differentiation markers and increased osteoblastic differentiation markers. Therefore, biofunctionalization of surfaces with TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides are an alternative promising strategy for inducing osseointegration around medical devices and implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sevilla
- Escola Universitària Salesiana de Sarrià, Pg. Sant Joan Bosco 74, 08017,, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering group, Technical University of Catalonia, Pav. E, Av. Diagonal 647,, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrea Cirera
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071,, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier Gil
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering group, Technical University of Catalonia, Pav. E, Av. Diagonal 647,, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/ Inmaculada 22,, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071,, Granada, Spain
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Department of Restorative Sciences, MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, 16-250A Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455,, USA
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13
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Hsieh YH, Shen BY, Wang YH, Lin B, Lee HM, Hsieh MF. Healing of Osteochondral Defects Implanted with Biomimetic Scaffolds of Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite and Glycidyl-Methacrylate-Modified Hyaluronic Acid in a Minipig. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1125. [PMID: 29642550 PMCID: PMC5979374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a structure lack of vascular distribution. Once the cartilage is injured or diseased, it is unable to regenerate by itself. Surgical treatments do not effectively heal defects in articular cartilage. Tissue engineering is the most potential solution to this problem. In this study, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) and hydroxyapatite at a weight ratio of 2:1 were mixed via fused deposition modeling (FDM) layer by layer to form a solid scaffold. The scaffolds were further infiltrated with glycidyl methacrylate hyaluronic acid loading with 10 ng/mL of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and photo cross-linked on top of the scaffolds. An in vivo test was performed on the knees of Lanyu miniature pigs for a period of 12 months. The healing process of the osteochondral defects was followed by computer tomography (CT). The defect was fully covered with regenerated tissues in the control pig, while different tissues were grown in the defect of knee of the experimental pig. In the gross anatomy of the cross section, the scaffold remained in the subchondral location, while surface cartilage was regenerated. The cross section of the knees of both the control and experimental pigs were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. The cartilage of the knee in the experimental pig was partially matured, e.g., few chondrocyte cells were enclosed in the lacunae. In the knee of the control pig, the defect was fully grown with fibrocartilage. In another in vivo experiment in a rabbit and a pig, the composite of the TGF-β1-loaded hydrogel and scaffolds was found to regenerate hyaline cartilage. However, scaffolds that remain in the subchondral lesion potentially delay the healing process. Therefore, the structural design of the scaffold should be reconsidered to match the regeneration process of both cartilage and subchondral bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ho Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Min-Sheng General Hospital, 168, Ching Kuo Road, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan.
| | - Bo-Yuan Shen
- Mater Program for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Horng Wang
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, 306, Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Bojain Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 168, Zhongxing Road, Longtan District, Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Maan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi General Hospital, No. 707, Sec. 3, Chung Yang Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Fa Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan.
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14
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Venkataraman L, Sivaraman B, Vaidya P, Ramamurthi A. Nanoparticulate delivery of agents for induced elastogenesis in three-dimensional collagenous matrices. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 10:1041-1056. [PMID: 24737693 PMCID: PMC4440849 DOI: 10.1002/term.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of elastic matrix in the infrarenal aortic wall is a critical parameter underlying the formation and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms. It is mediated by the chronic overexpression of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, leading to a progressive loss of elasticity and weakening of the aortic wall. Delivery of therapeutic agents to inhibit MMPs, while concurrently coaxing cell-based regenerative repair of the elastic matrix represents a potential strategy for slowing or arresting abdominal aortic aneurysm growth. Previous studies have demonstrated elastogenic induction of healthy and aneurysmal aortic smooth muscle cells and inhibition of MMPs, following exogenous delivery of elastogenic factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, as well as MMP-inhibitors such as doxycycline (DOX) in two-dimensional culture. Based on these findings, and others that demonstrated elastogenic benefits of nanoparticulate delivery of these agents in two-dimensional culture, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles were developed for localized, controlled and sustained delivery of DOX and TGF-β1 to human aortic smooth muscle cells within a three-dimensional gels of type I collagen, which closely simulate the arterial tissue microenvironment. DOX and TGF-β1 released from these nanoparticles influenced elastogenic outcomes positively within the collagen constructs over 21 days of culture, which were comparable to that induced by exogenous supplementation of DOX and TGF-β1 within the culture medium. However, this was accomplished at doses ~20-fold lower than the exogenous dosages of the agents, illustrating that their localized, controlled and sustained delivery from nanoparticles embedded within a three-dimensional scaffold is an efficient strategy for directed elastogenesis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Venkataraman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | | | - Pratik Vaidya
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - Anand Ramamurthi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
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15
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Zhang X, Huang WJ, Chen WW. TGF-β1 factor in the cerebrovascular diseases of Alzheimer's disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:5178-5185. [PMID: 28051272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor betas (TGF-βs) belong to three isoforms (TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3) members of a large pleiotropic superfamily of around 100 distinct proteins participating in the regulation of key events of development and disease, and tissue repair. In the central nervous system (CNS), all the three isoforms are produced by both glial and neuronal cells and are involved in essential tissue functions such as cell-cycle control, regulation of early development and differentiation, neuronal survival and astrocytes differentiation. Recent findings have shown abnormally increase of the levels of TGF-β1 in the brain of patients suffering Alzheimer's disease (AD), an elderly pathology reaching individuals over 65-years-old which present well-known hallmarks, including cerebrovascular deficiency, abnormal deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ), cholinergic denervation, neuroinflammation, neurofibrillary tangles and progressive loss of memory. However, related to the pathological features of AD, the brain overexpression of TGF-β1 was associated with neuroinflammation, accumulation of extracellular matrix compounds and cerebrovascular stiffness, neuronal apoptosis along with the development of vascular hypertrophy. Consistent with these observations, transgenic mice model (TGF mice) overexpressing constitutively TGF-β1 fully mimicked AD-like cerebrovascular pathology. Taken altogether, these data suggest the involvement of TGF-β1in the pathogenesis of AD, particularly in the cerebrovascular pathology which is of interest in the present review that will discuss the contribution of TGF-β1 in the cerebrovascular physiopathology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- The Third Department of Neurology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Abstract
Platelets contain an abundance of growth factors that mimic the composition of the wound healing milieu, and platelet-derived VEGF in particular can negatively influence wound healing if unregulated. Here, we sought to capture and regulate the activity of VEGF factor from human platelets using poly(ethylene glycol) microspheres. In this communication, we demonstrate that platelet freeze/thaw produced significantly higher levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) than either calcium chloride treatment, protease activated receptor 1 activating peptide (PAR1AP) treatment, or thrombin treatment. PEG microspheres containing a VEGF-binding peptide (VBP), derived from VEGFR2, sequestered VEGF from platelet concentrate, prepared via freeze/thaw, and reduced the bioactivity of platelet concentrate in HUVEC culture, which suggests that VBP microspheres sequestered and reduced the activity of VEGF from patient-derived platelets. Here, we demonstrate the ability of VEGF sequestering microspheres to regulate the activity of VEGF derived from a growth factor-rich autologous human blood product.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Belair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Ngoc Nhi Le
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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17
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Floren M, Bonani W, Dharmarajan A, Motta A, Migliaresi C, Tan W. Human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on silk hydrogels with variable stiffness and growth factor differentiate into mature smooth muscle cell phenotype. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:156-166. [PMID: 26621695 PMCID: PMC4728007 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-matrix and cell-biomolecule interactions play critical roles in a diversity of biological events including cell adhesion, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Evidence suggests that a concise crosstalk of these environmental factors may be required to direct stem cell differentiation toward matured cell type and function. However, the culmination of these complex interactions to direct stem cells into highly specific phenotypes in vitro is still widely unknown, particularly in the context of implantable biomaterials. In this study, we utilized tunable hydrogels based on a simple high pressure CO2 method and silk fibroin (SF) the structural protein of Bombyx mori silk fibers. Modification of SF protein starting water solution concentration results in hydrogels of variable stiffness while retaining key structural parameters such as matrix pore size and β-sheet crystallinity. To further resolve the complex crosstalk of chemical signals with matrix properties, we chose to investigate the role of 3D hydrogel stiffness and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), with the aim of correlating the effects on the vascular commitment of human mesenchymal stem cells. Our data revealed the potential to upregulate matured vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype (myosin heavy chain expression) of hMSCs by employing appropriate matrix stiffness and growth factor (within 72h). Overall, our observations suggest that chemical and physical stimuli within the cellular microenvironment are tightly coupled systems involved in the fate decisions of hMSCs. The production of tunable scaffold materials that are biocompatible and further specialized to mimic tissue-specific niche environments will be of considerable value to future tissue engineering platforms. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This article investigates the role of silk fibroin hydrogel stiffness and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), with the aim of correlating the effects on the vascular commitment of human mesenchymal stem cells. Specifically, we demonstrate the upregulation of mature vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype (myosin heavy chain expression) of hMSCs by employing appropriate matrix stiffness and growth factor (within 72h). Moreover, we demonstrate the potential to direct specialized hMSC differentiation by modulating stiffness and growth factor using silk fibroin, a well-tolerated and -defined biomaterial with an impressive portfolio of tissue engineering applications. Altogether, our study reinforce the fact that complex differentiation protocols may be simplified by engineering the cellular microenvironment on multiple scales, i.e. matrix stiffness with growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Floren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Industrial Engineering and Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Walter Bonani
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Anirudh Dharmarajan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Migliaresi
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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18
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Castro NJ, O'Brien J, Zhang LG. Integrating biologically inspired nanomaterials and table-top stereolithography for 3D printed biomimetic osteochondral scaffolds. Nanoscale 2015; 7:14010-22. [PMID: 26234364 PMCID: PMC4537413 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03425f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The osteochondral interface of an arthritic joint is notoriously difficult to regenerate due to its extremely poor regenerative capacity and complex stratified architecture. Native osteochondral tissue extracellular matrix is composed of numerous nanoscale organic and inorganic constituents. Although various tissue engineering strategies exist in addressing osteochondral defects, limitations persist with regards to tissue scaffolding which exhibit biomimetic cues at the nano to micro scale. In an effort to address this, the current work focused on 3D printing biomimetic nanocomposite scaffolds for improved osteochondral tissue regeneration. For this purpose, two biologically-inspired nanomaterials have been synthesized consisting of (1) osteoconductive nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA) (primary inorganic component of bone) and (2) core-shell poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanospheres encapsulated with chondrogenic transforming growth-factor β1 (TGF-β1) for sustained delivery. Then, a novel table-top stereolithography 3D printer and the nano-ink (i.e., nHA + nanosphere + hydrogel) were employed to fabricate a porous and highly interconnected osteochondral scaffold with hierarchical nano-to-micro structure and spatiotemporal bioactive factor gradients. Our results showed that human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteochondral differentiation were greatly improved in the biomimetic graded 3D printed osteochondral construct in vitro. The current work served to illustrate the efficacy of the nano-ink and current 3D printing technology for efficient fabrication of a novel nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold. In addition, tissue-specific growth factors illustrated a synergistic effect leading to increased cell adhesion and directed stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Castro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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19
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Vaz ER, Fujimura PT, Araujo GR, da Silva CAT, Silva RL, Cunha TM, Lopes-Ferreira M, Lima C, Ferreira MJ, Cunha-Junior JP, Taketomi EA, Goulart LR, Ueira-Vieira C. A Short Peptide That Mimics the Binding Domain of TGF-β1 Presents Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136116. [PMID: 26312490 PMCID: PMC4552549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple roles in development, wound healing, and immune regulation. TGF-β1-mediated immune dysfunction may lead to pathological conditions, such as inflammation. Chronic inflammatory process is characterized by a continuous release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the inhibition or the blockage of these cytokines signaling pathways are considered a target treatment. In this context, despite the high numbers of TGF-β-targeted pathways, the inducible regulatory T cells (iTreg) to control inflammation seems to be a promising approach. Our aim was to develop novel peptides through phage display (PhD) technology that could mimic TGF-β1 function with higher potency. Specific mimetic peptides were obtained through a PhD subtraction strategy from whole cell binding using TGF-β1 recombinant as a competitor during elution step. We have selected a peptide that seems to play an important role on cellular differentiation and modulation of TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines. The synthetic pm26TGF-β1 peptide tested in PBMC significantly down-modulated TNF-α and up-regulated IL-10 responses, leading to regulatory T cells (Treg) phenotype differentiation. Furthermore, the synthetic peptide was able to decrease leukocytes rolling in BALB/C mice and neutrophils migration during inflammatory process in C57BL/6 mice. These data suggest that this peptide may be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, especially because it displays potent anti-inflammatory properties and do not exhibit neutrophils’ chemoattraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília R. Vaz
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrícia T. Fujimura
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Galber R. Araujo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. T. da Silva
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rangel L. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxicology (CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxicology (CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Márcio J. Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit, Special Laboratory of Applied Toxicology (CEPID/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Jair P. Cunha-Junior
- Laboratory of Immunotechnology and Immunochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ernesto A. Taketomi
- Laboratory of Immunotechnology and Immunochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Carlos Ueira-Vieira
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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20
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Abstract
Understanding transport of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and other nanocarriers within tissues is essential for biomedical imaging and drug delivery using these carriers. Compared to traditional cell cultures in animal studies, three-dimensional tissue replicas approach the complexity of the actual organs and enable high temporal and spatial resolution of the carrier permeation. We investigated diffusional transport of CNTs in highly uniform spheroids of hepatocellular carcinoma and found that apparent diffusion coefficients of CNTs in these tissue replicas are anomalously high and comparable to diffusion rates of similarly charged molecules with molecular weights 10000× lower. Moreover, diffusivity of CNTs in tissues is enhanced after functionalization with transforming growth factor β1. This unexpected trend contradicts predictions of the Stokes-Einstein equation and previously obtained empirical dependences of diffusivity on molecular mass for permeants in gas, liquid, solid or gel. It is attributed to the planar diffusion (gliding) of CNTs along cellular membranes reducing effective dimensionality of diffusional space. These findings indicate that nanotubes and potentially similar nanostructures are capable of fast and deep permeation into the tissue, which is often difficult to realize with anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Wang
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan , North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joong Hwan Bahng
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan , North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | | | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan , North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Pellicciotta I, Marciscano AE, Hardee ME, Francis D, Formenti S, Barcellos-Hoff MH. Development of a novel multiplexed assay for quantification of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Growth Factors 2015; 33:79-91. [PMID: 25586866 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2014.999367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in activity or levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are associated with a variety of diseases; however, measurement of TGF-β in biological fluids is highly variable. TGF-β is biologically inert when associated with its latency-associated peptide (LAP). Most available immunoassays require exogenous activation by acid/heat to release TGF-β from the latent complex. We developed a novel electrochemiluminescence-based multiplexed assay on the MesoScale Discovery® platform that eliminates artificial activation, simultaneously measures both active TGF-β1 and LAP1 and includes an internal control for platelet-derived TGF-β contamination in blood specimens. We optimized this assay to evaluate plasma levels as a function of activation type and clinical specimen preparation. We determined that breast cancer patients' plasma have higher levels of circulating latent TGF-β (LTGF-β) as measured by LAP1 than healthy volunteers (p < 0.0001). This assay provides a robust tool for correlative studies of LTGF-β levels with disease, treatment outcomes and toxicity with a broad clinical applicability.
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Chen C, Xie J, Deng L, Yang L. Substrate stiffness together with soluble factors affects chondrocyte mechanoresponses. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:16106-16116. [PMID: 25162787 DOI: 10.1021/am504135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue cells sense and respond to differences in substrate stiffness. In chondrocytes, it has been shown that substrate stiffness regulates cell spreading, proliferation, chondrogenic gene expression, and TGF-β signaling. But how the substrate stiffness together with soluble factors influences the mechanical properties of chondrocyte is still unclear. In this study, we cultured goat articular chondrocytes on polyacrylamide gels of 1, 11, and 90 kPa (Young's modulus), and measured cellular stiffness, traction force, and response to stretch in the presence of TGF-β1 or IL-1β. We found that TGF-β1 increased cellular stiffness and traction force and enhanced the response to stretch, while IL-1β increased cellular stiffness, but lowered traction force and weakened the response to stretch. Importantly, the effects of TGF-β1 on chondrocyte mechanics were potent in cells cultured on 90 kPa substrates, while the effects of IL-1β were potent on 1 kPa substrates. We also demonstrated that such changes of chondrocyte mechanoresponse were due to not only the changes of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion, but also the alteration of chondrocyte extracellular matrix synthesis. Taken together, these results provide insights into how chondrocytes integrate physical and biochemical cues to regulate their biomechanical behavior, and thus have implications for the design of optimized mechanical and biochemical microenvironments for engineered cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing 400038, China
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Makris EA, MacBarb RF, Paschos NK, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Combined use of chondroitinase-ABC, TGF-β1, and collagen crosslinking agent lysyl oxidase to engineer functional neotissues for fibrocartilage repair. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6787-96. [PMID: 24840619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from damaged or diseased fibrocartilages currently have no effective long-term treatment options. Despite their potential, engineered tissues suffer from inferior biomechanical integrity and an inability to integrate in vivo. The present study identifies a treatment regimen (including the biophysical agent chondroitinase-ABC, the biochemical agent TGF-β1, and the collagen crosslinking agent lysyl oxidase) to prime highly cellularized, scaffold-free neofibrocartilage implants, effecting continued improvement in vivo. We show these agents drive in vitro neofibrocartilage matrix maturation toward synergistically enhanced Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength values, which were increased 245% and 186%, respectively, over controls. Furthermore, an in vitro fibrocartilage defect model found this treatment regimen to significantly increase the integration tensile properties between treated neofibrocartilage and native tissue. Through translating this technology to an in vivo fibrocartilage defect model, our results indicate, for the first time, that a pre-treatment can prime neofibrocartilage for significantly enhanced integration potential in vivo, with interfacial tensile stiffness and strength increasing by 730% and 745%, respectively, compared to integration values achieved in vitro. Our results suggest that specifically targeting collagen assembly and organization is a powerful means to augment overall neotissue mechanics and integration potential toward improved clinical feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios A Makris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Trauma, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Regina F MacBarb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, United States
| | - Nikolaos K Paschos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, United States
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, United States
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, United States.
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Tsai YS, Chen YH, Cheng PC, Tsai HT, Shiau AL, Tzai TS, Wu CL. TGF-β1 conjugated to gold nanoparticles results in protein conformational changes and attenuates the biological function. Small 2013; 9:2119-28. [PMID: 23335450 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used as carriers or therapeutic agents due to their great biocompatibility and unique physical properties. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), a member of the cysteine-knot structural superfamily, plays a pivotal role in many diseases and is known as an immunosuppressive agent that attenuates immune response resulting in tumor growth. The results reported herein reflect strong interactions between TGF-β1 and the surface of AuNPs when incubated with serum-containing medium, and demonstrate a time- and dose-dependent pattern. Compared with other serum proteins that can also bind to the AuNP surface, AuNP-TGFβ1 conjugate is a thermodynamically favored compound. Epithelial cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) upon treatment with TGF-β1; however, treatment with AuNPs reverses this effect, as detected by cell morphology and expression levels of EMT markers. TGF-β1 is found to bind to AuNPs through S-Au bonds by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is employed to analyze the conformational changes of TGF-β1 on the surface of AuNPs. The results indicate that TGF-β1 undergoes significant conformational changes at both secondary and tertiary structural levels after conjugation to the AuNP surface, which results in the deactivation of TGF-β1 protein. An in vivo experiment also shows that addition of AuNPs attenuates the growth of TGF-β1-secreting murine bladder tumor 2 cells in syngeneic C3H/HeN mice, but not in immunocompromised NOD-SCID mice, and this is associated with an increase in the number of tumor-infiltrating CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes and a decrease in the number of intrasplenic Foxp3(+) lymphocytes. The findings demonstrate that AuNPs may be a promising agent for modulating tumor immunity through inhibiting immunosuppressive TGF-β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Shyan Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Wu SM, Li CE, Cai RP, Zhang Q, Xu YJ. [Airway remodeling assessed by high-resolution computed tomography in patients with asthma: relationship to biological markers in induced sputum]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2012; 35:892-896. [PMID: 23328178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the significance of assessing asthma control by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and biological markers in induced sputum. METHODS Forty-eight patients with asthma (asthma group) and 10 healthy subjects (control group) were retrospectively analyzed. The asthma patients were divided into 4 groups based on severity: 6 with near-fatal attacks, 12 with severe, 14 with moderate and 16 with mild asthma. These patients received step therapy for 6 months based on the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of asthma. After achieving asthma control or partial control, HRCT, lung function and cytokine levels in induced sputum were measured. The ratio of wall area to total airway area (WA%), the ratio of 2 airway wall thickness to outer diameter (2T/D) and lung densities in both the inspiratory and expiratory phases were measured. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), and transformation growth factor-β(1) (TGF-β(1)) levels in the sputum were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS There were significant differences in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second as the percentage of predicted value (FVC% and FEV(1)%, respectively), the ratio of FEV(1)/FVC, and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(LCO)) among groups (F = 5.526, 15.064, 16.326, 2.945, respectively, P < 0.05). Sputum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TGF-β(1) were significantly increased in the near-fatal asthma, severe asthma, moderate asthma and mild asthma groups [MMP-9: (80 ± 16), (70 ± 9), (59 ± 6), and (52 ± 7) µg/L, respectively; TIMP-1: (212 ± 95), (258 ± 167), (28 ± 51), and 98 ± 60 µg/L, respectively; TGF-β(1): (586 ± 81), (513 ± 54), (401 ± 45) and (351 ± 57) µg/L, respectively]compared with the control group [MMP9: (46 ± 5) µg/L; TIMP: (19 ± 13) µg/L; and TGF-β(1): (258 ± 29) µg/L]. These parameters were progressively increased in the asthma groups with the severity of disease (F = 11.179, 49.914, 9.286, respectively, P < 0.05). The ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in sputum was decreased in the near-fatal attack, severe, moderate and mild asthma groups (0.50 ± 0.28, 0.34 ± 0.13, 0.53 ± 0.22, and 0.87 ± 0.75, respectively) compared with the control group (2.93 ± 1.13). The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in the severe asthma group was lowest among the asthma groups (F = 43.335, P < 0.05). 2T/D and WA% were higher in both the near-fatal asthma group (0.51 ± 0.01 and 0.75 ± 0.01, respectively) and the severe asthma group (0.53 ± 0.03 and 0.77 ± 0.03, respectively) as compared to the moderate asthma group (0.43 ± 0.04 and 0.67 ± 0.04, respectively) or the mild group (0.42 ± 0.04 and 0.66 ± 0.04, respectively). 2T/D and WA% were higher in the asthma groups than in the control group (0.35 ± 0.03 and 0.57 ± 0.04, respectively), (F = 40.224, 41.294, respectively, P < 0.05). Lung densities in both the inspiratory and expiratory phases were lower in the near-fatal attack group as compared to those in the other asthma groups or the control group; and the lung density differences between the two phases in the near-fatal attack group were smaller than those in the other asthma groups or the control group (F = 5.048, 13.247, 11.541, respectively, P < 0.05). 2T/D and WA% were correlated positively with MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TGF-β(1) levels, but negatively with the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HRCT and biological markers in induced sputum could be used to accurately evaluate asthma control. These findings suggest that the severity of asthma, especially, near-fatal attack of asthma, is correlated not only with the degree of airway remodeling, but also with the degree of air trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-man Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Yuan SM. Transforming growth factor β1/Smad signalling pathway of aortic disorders: histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2012; 71:31-38. [PMID: 22532183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expressions and biological functions of the TGF-β(1)/Smad signalling pathway of aortic disorders by way of histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Aortic specimens of 20 patients with aortic dissection, 9 patients with aortic aneurysm, 9 patients with coronary artery disease, and 5 deceased healthy adults were collected. The samples were stained with haematoxylin -eosin, Masson's trichrome, van Gieson, and alcian blue, and with immunohistochemical stainings to detect TGF-β(1), type I receptor (TβRI), Smad2/3, Smad4, and Smad7. RESULTS Masson's trichrome and van Gieson stainings showed attenuated collagens in the aorta of the patients with aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm. TGF-β(1), TβRI, and Smad2/3 mainly showed a cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in the aortic media, Smad4 immunoreactivity was predominantly located in the cytoplasm and/or the nucleus of the aortic media, and Smad7 immunoreactivity was present in the nucleus of the aortic media and intima. The TGF-β(1) signalling pathway proteins were similarly expressed in the aorta of aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm patients, while they were less pronounced in the aorta of coronary artery disease patients, and weak or negative in the aorta of healthy control individuals. CONCLUSIONS These observations support the notion that there is an association between the TGF-β(1)/Smad pathway and the pathological events of the aorta. Dysregulation of the TGF-β(1)/Smad pathway may predispose the pathologenesis of aortic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Yuan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Jenkins RH, Bennagi R, Martin J, Phillips AO, Redman JE, Fraser DJ. A conserved stem loop motif in the 5'untranslated region regulates transforming growth factor-β(1) translation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12283. [PMID: 20865036 PMCID: PMC2928724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) regulates cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. The human TGF-β1 transcript is inherently poorly translated, and translational activation has been documented in relation to several stimuli. In this paper, we have sought to identify in cis regulatory elements within the TGF-β1 5′Untranslated Region (5′UTR). In silico analysis predicted formation of stable secondary structure in a G/C-rich element between nucleotides +77 to +106, and demonstrated that this element is highly conserved across species. Circular dichroism spectroscopy confirmed the presence of secondary structure in this region. The proximal 5′UTR was inhibitory to translation in reporter gene experiments, and mutation of the secondary structure motif increased translational efficiency. Translational regulation of TGF-β1 mRNA is linked to altered binding of YB-1 protein to its 5′UTR. Immunoprecipitation-RT-qPCR demonstrated a high basal association of YB-1 with TGF-β1 mRNA. However, mutation of the secondary structure motif did not prevent interaction of YB-1 with the 5′UTR, suggesting that YB-1 binds to this region due to its G/C-rich composition, rather than a specific, sequence-dependent, binding site. These data identify a highly conserved element within the TGF-β1 5′UTR that forms stable secondary structure, and is responsible for the inherent low translation efficiency of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Jenkins
- Institute of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Rasha Bennagi
- Institute of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - John Martin
- Institute of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Aled O. Phillips
- Institute of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Redman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Donald J. Fraser
- Institute of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Shah RN, Shah NA, Del Rosario Lim MM, Hsieh C, Nuber G, Stupp SI. Supramolecular design of self-assembling nanofibers for cartilage regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:3293-8. [PMID: 20133666 PMCID: PMC2840471 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906501107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and supramolecular design of bioactive biomaterials could have a significant impact on regenerative medicine. Ideal regenerative therapies should be minimally invasive, and thus the notion of self-assembling biomaterials programmed to transform from injectable liquids to solid bioactive structures in tissue is highly attractive for clinical translation. We report here on a coassembly system of peptide amphiphile (PA) molecules designed to form nanofibers for cartilage regeneration by displaying a high density of binding epitopes to transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1). Growth factor release studies showed that passive release of TGFbeta-1 was slower from PA gels containing the growth factor binding sites. In vitro experiments indicate these materials support the survival and promote the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. We also show that these materials can promote regeneration of articular cartilage in a full thickness chondral defect treated with microfracture in a rabbit model with or even without the addition of exogenous growth factor. These results demonstrate the potential of a completely synthetic bioactive biomaterial as a therapy to promote cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramille N. Shah
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street 11th floor, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Nirav A. Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 N. Saint Clair, Suite 1350, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Marc M. Del Rosario Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Caleb Hsieh
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street 11th floor, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Gordon Nuber
- Northwestern Orthopaedic Institute, 680 N. Lakeshore Dr., Suite 1028, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street 11th floor, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208; and
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron Street, Suite 3-150, Chicago, IL 60611
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Abstract
Radiation induced lung damage is a main dose limiting factor when irradiating the thorax. Although Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a valuable tool for studying the mechanisms in pulmonary disorders, there are only a few studies about the BAL findings of radiation-induced lung damage. We evaluate the BAL findings for the evaluation of radiation-induced lung damage. Sprague-Dawley rats received 20 Gy of radiation to the right lung and control group were sham irradiated. BAL was performed for the right and left lungs separately 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days after radiation. The cells in the BAL fluid were counted and the concentrations of protein, NO, and TGF-beta in the BAL fluid were measured. Lung tissues were removed after BAL and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and trichrome. From 2 weeks, histological findings showed definite lung damage. The protein level and TGF-beta in BAL fluid from the irradiated lung peaked at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, after radiation. Total cell count in BAL fluid from both sides of lungs was increased from 2 weeks and continued to increase at 8 weeks after irradiation. NO in BAL fluid from both sides of lungs peaked at 4 weeks after irradiation. The protein level and TGF-beta were increased in BAL fluid from irradiated lungs. However, alveolar cells and NO increased in BAL fluid from both irradiated and non-irradiated lungs. BAL is a valuable tool for the evaluation of radiation induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Joo Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pulmononary Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Zhang W, Walboomers XF, Jansen JA. The formation of tertiary dentin after pulp capping with a calcium phosphate cement, loaded with PLGA microparticles containing TGF-β1. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 85:439-44. [PMID: 17701971 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a calcium phosphate material equipped with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for pulp capping, and to measure the dentin bridge formation, when using various concentrations of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1. Preset samples were made (2 mm diameter; 2 mm height), containing 0 (controls), 20, or 400 ng TGF-beta1. These were placed in goat incisors. Incisors capped with glass-ionomer cement only were used as negative controls. Twelve weeks after pulp capping, the incisors were retrieved, processed for histology, and graded on basis of tertiary dentin formation. The results showed that new dentin formation was seen in all samples, except the negative controls. The histological grading indicated significant differences between the samples loaded with high amount of TGF-beta1 versus the three other groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the composite with 400 ng TGF-beta1 was able to trigger resident stem cells in the pulp to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and to induce the formation of tertiary dentin. The material might be a good candidate for vital pulp therapy. Production and manipulation methods could be improved for follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Zhang
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Metzger W, Grenner N, Motsch SE, Strehlow R, Pohlemann T, Oberringer M. Induction of Myofibroblastic DifferentiationIn Vitroby Covalently Immobilized Transforming Growth Factor-β1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:2751-60. [PMID: 17760560 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2007.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors are an important tool in tissue engineering. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) are used to provide bioactivity to surgical implants and tissue substitute materials. Mostly growth factors are used in soluble or adsorbed form. However, simple adsorption of proteins to surfaces is always accompanied by reduced stability and undefined pharmacokinetics. This study aims to prove that TGF-beta(1) can be covalently immobilized to functionalized surfaces, maintaining its ability to induce myofibroblastic differentiation of normal human dermal fibroblasts. In vivo, fibroblasts differentiate to myofibroblasts (MFs) during soft tissue healing by the action of TGF-beta(1). As surfaces for our experiments, we used slides bearing aldehyde, epoxy, or amino groups. For our in vitro cell culture experiments, we used the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin as a marker for MFs after immunochemical staining. Using the aldehyde and the epoxy slides, we were able to demonstrate the activity of immobilized TGF-beta(1) through a significant increase in MF differentiation rate. A simple immunological test was established to detect TGF-beta(1) on the surfaces. This technology enables the creation of molecular "landscapes" consisting of several factors arranged in a distinct spatial pattern and immobilized on appropriate surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Metzger
- Clinic of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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Mao HX, Yi ZW, Wu XC, Dang XQ, He XJ, Cao Y, Mo SH. [Effects of siRNAs silencing transforming growth factor-beta1 on fibronectin in SD rat masangial cells]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2007; 45:494-497. [PMID: 17953803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate fibronectin synthesis in SD rat mesangial cells after transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is silenced by the short interfering RNA (siRNA) expressed by reconstructed pGEFP-C1 vectors. METHODS Depending upon the 538th - 556th (A) and 895th - 913th (B) nucleotides of rat TGF-beta1 gene, a nucleotide (A or B) was constructed into a small hairpin nucleotide which was separately (A or B) or together (A plus B) inserted into a pGEFP-C1 vector with three reconstructed pGEFP-C1 vectors separately expressing the siRNAs for A or/and B. TGF-beta1 and fibronectin were dynamically investigated for their interrelationship by ELISA in the supernatant and RT-PCR in their extracted total RNA. RESULTS The siRNA hairpin-like molecules were constructed according to the 538th - 556th nucleotides of rat TGF-beta1 gene were able to markedly silence the expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA (P < 0.01) and protein (P < 0.01) at 48 h. Lipfectamin 2000 transfection stimulated the peak secretion of fibronectin at 24 h in the control and the experimental group whose TGF-beta1 was not silenced, but the silence of TGF-beta1 in both experimental groups delayed the top values of fibronectin to 48 h (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The silence of TGF-beta1 by siRNA decreased the fibronectin expression, but the latter was possibly not completely TGF-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-xiong Mao
- Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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Cheng XQ, Bao HY, Chen Y, Pan XQ, Fei L, Chen RH. [Effects of core proteoglycan on the transdifferentiation of human renal tubular epithelial cell induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 in vitro]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2007; 45:490-493. [PMID: 17953802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of core proteoglycan on the transdifferentiation of human renal tubular epithelial cell induced by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) in vitro. METHOD The cultured HK-2 cells were divided into six groups: A. negative control group; B. 10 ng/ml TGF-beta1 group; C. 10 ng/ml core proteoglycan treated group; D. 100 ng/ml core proteoglycan treated group; E. 10 ng/ml TGF-beta1 + 10 ng/ml core proteoglycan group; F. 10 ng/ml TGF-beta1 + 100 ng/ml core proteoglycan group. The changes in configuration of HK-2 cells were inspected 48 hours after adding the stimulating factor. At the same time, changes in mRNA of keratin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with group A, group B showed great changes in the morphology of cells, most cells converted into spindle shape, like fibroblast; groups E and F, especially group F showed significantly reduced spindle shape cells. Compared with group A, groups C and D had no significant changes in morphology of cells Compared with 10 ng/ml TGF-beta1 group and negative control, the mRNA expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin had significant increase, but that of keratin reduced (P < 0.05). However, after combined treatment with TGF-beta1 and core proteoglycan, alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin expression were reduced significantly, while expression of keratin was up-regulated. Single core proteoglycan treated group and negative control group had no dramatic differences (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION TGF-beta1 can induce the transdifferentiation of human renal tubular epithelial cell and core proteoglycan has some inhibitory effect on transdifferentiation of human renal tubular epithelial cell induced by TGF-beta1 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-qin Cheng
- Nanjing Children Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Yang Z, Mu Z, Dabovic B, Jurukovski V, Yu D, Sung J, Xiong X, Munger JS. Absence of integrin-mediated TGFbeta1 activation in vivo recapitulates the phenotype of TGFbeta1-null mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 176:787-93. [PMID: 17353357 PMCID: PMC2064053 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200611044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 is secreted in a latent complex with its processed propeptide (latency-associated peptide [LAP]). TGFβ1 must be functionally released from this complex before it can engage TGFβ receptors. One mechanism of latent TGFβ1 activation involves interaction of the integrins αvβ6 and αvβ8 with an RGD sequence in LAP; other putative latent TGFβ1 activators include thrombospondin-1, oxidants, and various proteases. To assess the contribution of RGD-binding integrins to TGFβ1 activation in vivo, we created a mutation in Tgfb1 encoding a nonfunctional variant of the RGD sequence (RGE). Mice with this mutation (Tgfb1RGE/RGE) display the major features of Tgfb1−/− mice (vasculogenesis defects, multiorgan inflammation, and lack of Langerhans cells) despite production of normal levels of latent TGFβ1. These findings indicate that RGD-binding integrins are requisite latent TGFβ1 activators during development and in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Park H, Temenoff JS, Tabata Y, Caplan AI, Mikos AG. Injectable biodegradable hydrogel composites for rabbit marrow mesenchymal stem cell and growth factor delivery for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2007; 28:3217-27. [PMID: 17445882 PMCID: PMC2964378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the development of an injectable, biodegradable hydrogel composite of oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) with encapsulated rabbit marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and gelatin microparticles (MPs) loaded with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Rabbit MSCs and TGF-beta1-loaded MPs were mixed with OPF, a poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate crosslinker and the radical initiators ammonium persulfate and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, and then crosslinked at 37 degrees C for 8 min to form hydrogel composites. Three studies were conducted over 14 days in order to examine the effects of: (1) the composite formulation, (2) the MSC seeding density, and (3) the TGF-beta1 concentration on the chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated rabbit MSCs. Bioassay results showed no significant difference in DNA amount between groups, however, groups with MPs had a significant increase in glycosaminoglycan content per DNA starting at day 7 as compared to controls at day 0. Chondrocyte-specific gene expression of type II collagen and aggrecan were only evident in groups containing TGF-beta1-loaded MPs and varied with TGF-beta1 concentration in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, type II collagen gene expression exhibited a 161+/-49-fold increase and aggrecan gene expression a 221+/-151-fold increase after 14 days with the highest dose of TGF-beta1 (16 ng/ml). These results indicate that encapsulated rabbit MSCs remained viable over the culture period and differentiated into chondrocyte-like cells, thus suggesting the potential of OPF composite hydrogels as part of a novel strategy for localized delivery of stem cells and bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansoo Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX, 77251-1892
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332-0535
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Arnold I. Caplan
- Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX, 77251-1892
- Corresponding Author: Antonios G. Mikos, Professor, Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251-1892, Tel: (713) 348-5355,
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Sohier J, Hamann D, Koenders M, Cucchiarini M, Madry H, van Blitterswijk C, de Groot K, Bezemer JM. Tailored release of TGF-β1 from porous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Int J Pharm 2007; 332:80-9. [PMID: 17056215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In view of cartilage tissue engineering, the possibility to prepare porous scaffolds releasing transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) in a well controlled fashion was investigated by means of an emulsion-coating method. Poly(ether-ester) multiblock copolymers were used to prepare emulsions containing TGF-beta(1) which were subsequently applied onto prefabricated scaffolds. This approach resulted in defined porous structures (66%) with interconnected porosity, suitable to allow tissue ingrowth. The scaffolds were effectively associated with TGF-beta(1) and allowed to tailor precisely the release of the growth factor from 12 days to more than 50 days by varying the copolymer composition of the coating. An incomplete release was measured by ELISA, possibly linked to the rapid concentration decrease of the protein in solution. The released growth factor retained its biological activity as was assessed by a cell proliferation assay and by the ability of the released protein to induce chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. However, exact bioactivity quantification was rendered difficult by the protein concentration decrease during storage. Therefore, this study confirms the interest of poly(ether-ester) multiblock copolymers for controlled release of growth factors, and indicates that emulsion-coated scaffolds are promising candidates for cartilage tissue engineering applications requiring precise TGF-beta(1) release rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sohier
- OctoPlus, Zernikedreef 12, 2333 CL, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Cai DZ, Zeng C, Quan DP, Bu LS, Wang K, Lu HD, Li XF. Biodegradable chitosan scaffolds containing microspheres as carriers for controlled transforming growth factor-beta1 delivery for cartilage tissue engineering. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007; 120:197-203. [PMID: 17355821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural articular cartilage has a limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration. Controlled release of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) to cartilage defects can enhance chondrogenesis. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using biodegradable chitosan microspheres as carriers for controlled TGF-beta1 delivery and the effect of released TGF-beta1 on the chondrogenic potential of chondrocytes. METHODS Chitosan scaffolds and chitosan microspheres loaded with TGF-beta1 were prepared by the freeze-drying and the emulsion-crosslinking method respectively. In vitro drug release kinetics, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was monitored for 7 days. Lysozyme degradation was performed for 4 weeks to detect in vitro degradability of the scaffolds and the microspheres. Rabbit chondrocytes were seeded on the scaffolds containing TGF-beta1 microspheres and incubated in vitro for 3 weeks. Histological examination and type II collagen immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate the effects of released TGF-beta1 on cell adhesivity, proliferation and synthesis of the extracellular matrix. RESULTS TGF-beta1 was encapsulated into chitosan microspheres and the encapsulation efficiency of TGF-beta1 was high (90.1%). During 4 weeks of incubation in lysozyme solution for in vitro degradation, the mass of both the scaffolds and the microspheres decreased continuously and significant morphological changes was noticed. From the release experiments, it was found that TGF-beta1 could be released from the microspheres in a multiphasic fashion including an initial burst phase, a slow linear release phase and a plateau phase. The release amount of TGF-beta1 was 37.4%, 50.7%, 61.3%, and 63.5% for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days respectively. At 21 days after cultivation, type II collagen immunohistochemical staining was performed. The mean percentage of positive cells for collagen type II in control group (32.7% +/- 10.4%) was significantly lower than that in the controlled TGF-beta1 release group (92.4% +/- 4.8%, P < 0.05). Both the proliferation rate and production of collagen type II in the transforming growth factor-beta1 microsphere incorporated scaffolds were significantly higher than those in the scaffolds without microspheres, indicating that the activity of TGF-beta1 was retained during microsphere fabrication and after growth factor release. CONCLUSION Chitosan microspheres can serve as delivery vehicles for controlled release of TGF-beta1, and the released growth factor can augment chondrocytes proliferation and synthesis of extracellular matrix. Chitosan scaffolds incorporated with chitosan microspheres loaded with TGF-beta1 possess a promising potential to be applied for controlled cytokine delivery and cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-zhang Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Pastorino L, Soumetz FC, Ruggiero C. Nanostructured thin films for the development of piezoelectric immunosensors. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2007:2257-2260. [PMID: 18002440 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies were immobilized onto the surface of quartz crystals for the development of piezoelectric biosensors by means of the Layer by Layer self assembly technique (LBL). Specifically, the immobilization of immunoglobulins specific to the human cytokine Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 and to taxol was investigated. To this purpose multilayered ultra-thin films composed by precursor layers of cationic poly(dimethyldiallylammonium) chloride and anionic poly(styrenesulfonate) followed by a monolayer of antibodies were assembled by LBL. A quartz crystal microbalance was used to monitor and optimize the assembly process and to test the immunological activity of the deposited antibody molecules. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterize the surface roughness of the multilayers before and after the deposition of the immunoglobulins. The results confirmed the successful deposition of the proposed immunosensors and demonstrated their high potential for the measurement of analytes of clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pastorino
- Department of Communication, Computer and System Sciences, University of Genova, Italy
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Kusakabe M, Cheong PL, Nikfar R, McLennan IS, Koishi K. The structure of the TGF-β latency associated peptide region determines the ability of the proprotein convertase furin to cleave TGF-βs. J Cell Biochem 2007; 103:311-20. [PMID: 17516499 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The TGF-beta family members are generated as latent pre-pro-polypeptides. The active mature peptides are cleaved from the latent forms by cellular proteases. TGF-beta 1, for instance, is predominantly processed by a substilisin-like proprotein convertase, furin. TGF-beta 2 has a consensus cleavage site for furin and therefore has been presumed to be cleaved by furin. However, TGF-beta 2 is often secreted as the latent form, which appears to be inconsistent with its postulated sensitivity to furin. We report here that both the regular (short) form of TGF-beta2 and its spliced variant with an additional exon (long form) are insensitive to furin. NIH 3T3 and CHO cells were transfected with expression vectors containing the short or long form of TGF-beta 2 or a chimeric TGF-beta consisting of the TGF-beta1 LAP region, the TGF-beta 2 cleavage site and the TGF-beta 2 mature peptide. The constructs included a c-myc epitope tag in the N-terminal region of the mature peptide. The TGF-betas produced by the transfected cells were analyzed with Western blots and immunocytochemistry. The intracellular proteins harvested from these cells were incubated with furin. Furin only inefficiently cleaved both the long and short forms of TGF-beta 2, but efficiently processed the chimeric TGF-beta. This indicates that the insensitivity of both forms of TGF-beta 2 to furin is a consequence of the tertiary structure of their LAP regions rather than their cleavage site. This differential processing of TGF-beta1 and -beta 2 may be part of the mechanism that generates isoform-specific functions of the TGF-betas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kusakabe
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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