1
|
Kadhim LF, Gany SN, Qassam H, Hadi NR, Kadhim S. Potential nephroprotective effects of angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist Compound 21 in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Med Life 2023; 16:1428-1432. [PMID: 38107718 PMCID: PMC10719785 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the reno-protective potential of Compound 21 during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the PI3K expression. 20 adult male Swiss-albino mice, aged 8-12 weeks and weighing 20-30g, were randomly assigned to four equal groups: sham, control, vehicle, and Compound 21. Serum urea, creatinine, inflammatory mediators, tissue 8-isoprostane, and myeloperoxidase were quantified using ELISA. Compared to the sham group, blood levels of urea, creatinine, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly higher in the ischemia-reperfusion group than in the sham group (p<0.05). However, these indicators were significantly lower in the Compound 21 group (p<0.05). Histological analysis revealed significant renal tissue damage in the ischemia-reperfusion group (p<0.05), which was significantly reduced in the Compound 21 group (p<0.05). PCR results showed that PI3K expression was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the control group compared to the sham group but significantly higher in the Compound 21 group (p<0.05). Furthermore, P-AKT expression levels in the control group were considerably lower than in the sham group (p<0.05). On the other hand, the level of P-AKT expression in the Compound 21 group was significantly upregulated compared to the control group (p<0.05). The findings revealed that Compound 21 could mitigate renal dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in male mice through modulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, resulting in decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and renal oxidative stress markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heider Qassam
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Najah Rayish Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Salim Kadhim
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Kafeel University, Al-Najaf, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A, Khater SI, Metwally MMM, Bin Emran T, Nassan MA, Abd El-Emam MM, Mostafa-Hedeab G, El-Shetry ES. TGF-β1, NAG-1, and antioxidant enzymes expression alterations in Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in a rat model: Comparative modulating role of Melatonin, Vit. E and Ozone. Gene 2022; 820:146293. [PMID: 35143943 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is an anticancer medication that is commonly used to treat solid tumors. Its use is, however, dose-restricted due to nephrotoxicity. We planned to compare the nephroprotective effects of three major compounds, including melatonin (MN), Ozone, or vitamin E, against the CP-induced renal damage in rats. CP was given once intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg,) eliciting acute kidney injury as assured by several adverse histological changes; glomerulopathy, tubulopathy, and vasculopathy, an inflammatory response including elevated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Furthermore, biochemical alterations including, elevated plasma levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine, phosphorous, decreased plasma calcium levels, and gene expression abnormalities; upregulation of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) and Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), downregulation of CAT and SOD. Concurrent supplementation with either MN (10 mg/kg per os) or Ozone (1.1 mg/kg ip) and Vit E given by oral gavage (1 g/kg) for five consecutive days prior to CP injection and five days afterward displayed variable significant nephroprotective effects by mitigating the pro-inflammatory secretion, augmenting antioxidant competence, and modulating the gene expression in the renal tissue. The obtained biochemical, histological, and gene expression data suggested that MN had foremost rescue effects followed by Ozone then Vit E. MN's ameliorative effect was augmented in many indices including TNF-α, IL-6 , IL1-β, uric acid, creatinine, sNGAL and GGT, more than observed in Ozone, and Vit E therapy. A combination of these medications is expected to be more useful in relieving the damaging renal effects of CP given to cancer patients, pending further toxicological and pharmacological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Safaa I Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahran M Abd El-Emam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology department & Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Eman S El-Shetry
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carmona MD, Paco-Meza LM, Ortega R, Cañadillas S, Caballero-Villarraso J, Blanco A, Herrera C. Hypoxia preconditioning increases the ability of healthy but not diabetic rat-derived adipose stromal/stem cells (ASC) to improve histological lesions of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 230:153756. [PMID: 35032832 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have demonstrated ability to improve diabetic nephropathy (DN) in experimental models, as well as by improving kidney endogenous progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation. Many studies have demonstrated the effect of hypoxia on MSC improving their functionality but the potential enhancement of the nephroprotective properties of MSC cultured under low oxygen concentration has been explored in few studies, none of them in the context of DN. On the other hand, diabetes is associated with abnormalities in MSCs functionality. These findings related to the hypoxia preconditioning ability to enhance adipose-tissue derived-MSC (ASC) performance have led us to wonder if hypoxia could increase the known beneficial effect of normal ASC in DN and if it could correct the expected inability of diabetic rat-derived ASC to exert this effect in vivo. To answer these questions, in the present study we have used ASC from healthy and diabetic-induced rats, cultured under standard conditions or hypoxia preconditioned, in a DN rat model induced by streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS Diabetes was induced in Wistar-rats by 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection. Fifteen days thereafter, five diabetic-induced rats and five healthy, previously injected with saline, were sacrificed and used as ASC donors . Both healthy and diabetic rat-derived ASC (cASC and dASC, respectively) were cultured under standard conditions (21%O2)(N) or were subjected to a 48 h conditioning period in hypoxia (3%O2)(H). Thus, four types of cells were generated depending on their origin (healthy or diabetic-induced rats) and the culture conditions(N or H):cASC-N, cASC-H, dASC-N and dASC-H. DN experimental study were carried out fifteen days after STZ induction of diabetes in fifty-two healthy rats. DN-induced-animals were randomly assigned to be injected with 200 µL saline as placebo or with 3 × 106 cASC-N, cASC-H, dASC-N or dASC-H, according to the study group. Serum glucose, urea and creatinine, and urine albumin levels were measured at 2-weeks intervals until day+ 45 after ND-induction.Animals were sacrificed and kidneys extracted for histopathological and transmission electron microcopy analysis RESULTS: None of the four study groups that received cell treatment showed significant changes in serum glucose, urea and creatinine levels, urine albumin concentration and body weight compared to placebo ND-induced group. Interestingly, only the group that received cASC-H showed a reduction in glucose and creatinine levels although it did not reach statistical significance.All DN-induced groups treated with ASC reduced significantly renal lesions such as mesangial expansion, mesangiolysis, microaneurysms and acute tubular necrosis compared to ND-induced placebo group (p ≤ 0.05). Renal injuries such as clear tubular cell changes, thickening of tubular basement membrane, tubular cysts and interstitial fibrosis significantly showed reduction in ND-induced rats treated with cASC-H regarding to their received cASCN (p ≤ 0.05). Non statistical differences were observed in the improvement capacity of cASC and dASC culture under standard condition.However, hypoxia preconditioning reduces the presence of tubular cysts (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia preconditioning enhances the ability of healthy rat-derived ASC to improve kidney injury in a rat model of DN. Moreover, diabetic-derived ASC exhibits a similar ability to healthy ASC which is clearly more than expected, but it is not significantly modified by hypoxia preconditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MDolores Carmona
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Cellular Therapy Unit and Hematology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Luis-Miguel Paco-Meza
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Rosa Ortega
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Anatomy Pathology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Sagrario Cañadillas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Javier Caballero-Villarraso
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Clinical Analysis Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Anatomy and Comparative Pathological Anatomy Department, University of Cordoba, Carretera Nacional IV Km. 396, CP 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Concha Herrera
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Cordoba, Spain; Cellular Therapy Unit and Hematology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, CP 14004 Cordoba, Spain; University of Cordoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ajirioghene AE, Ghasi SI, Ewhre LO, Adebayo OG, Asiwe JN. Anti-diabetogenic and in vivo antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Dryopteris dilatata in alloxan-induced male Wistar rats. Biomarkers 2021; 26:718-725. [PMID: 34612093 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1990408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxido-inflammatory stress has been implicated as the main targets in alleviating diabetic complications induced by hyperglycaemia. Dryopteris dilatata: a bioactive plant serves great medicinal benefits in ethnopharmacology to ameliorate pathological conditions. This study investigated the protective effects of ethanol extract of Dryopteris dilatata (EEDD) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats through mechanism involving inhibition of oxidative stress and liver and kidney inflammatory markers. METHODOLOGY Male Wistar rats were made diabetic via alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/kg) administration intraperitoneally. Diabetic rats were post-treated with EEDD (800 mg/kg) and Metformin (50 mg/kg) orally for two weeks. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), body and organ weight change, markers of oxidative stress, liver and kidney inflammation were evaluated. RESULTS Our results revealed that EEDD significantly reduced alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia in the diabetic rats after 5, 10 and 15 days of treatment. Markers of oxidative injury were also significantly ameliorated in the pancreas, liver and kidney of the diabetic rats following treatment with EEDD. However, liver and kidney injury markers were significantly attenuated with marked decreased organ weight in the diabetic rats after treatment with EEDD. CONCLUSION Here in, we found that Dryopteris dilatata could be used as nutraceuticals in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its related complications through positively modulating oxidative stress and liver and kidney inflammatory markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akpotu E Ajirioghene
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Samuel I Ghasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsuka, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence O Ewhre
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Jerome N Asiwe
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang HJ, Zhou CY, Su YD, Gou KF, Geng XN, Qiu XJ. The Pharmacokinetic Effect of Itraconazole and Voriconazole on Ripretinib in Beagle Dogs by UPLC-MS/MS Technique. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4865-4873. [PMID: 34876808 PMCID: PMC8643159 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s337864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new UPLC-MS/MS technique for the determination of ripretinib in beagle dog plasma was developed, and the pharmacokinetic effects of voriconazole and itraconazole on ripretinib in beagle dogs were studied. METHODS After extraction with ethyl acetate under alkaline conditions, ripretinib was detected using avapritinib as the internal standard (IS). The mobile phases were 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile. The scanning method was multi-reaction monitoring using ESI+ source, and the ion pairs for ripretinib and IS were m/z 509.93→416.85 and 499.1→482.09, respectively. This animal experiment adopted a three period self-control experimental design. In the first period, ripretinib was orally administered to six beagle dogs at a dose of 5 mg/kg. In the second period, the same six beagle dogs were orally given itraconazole at a dose of 7 mg/kg, after 30 min, ripretinib was orally given. In the third period, voriconazole at a dose of 7 mg/kg was given orally, and then ripretinib was orally given. At different time points, the blood samples were collected. The concentration of ripretinib was detected, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of ripretinib were calculated. RESULTS Ripretinib had a good linear relationship in the range of 1-1000 ng/mL. The precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability met the requirements of the guiding principles. After erdafitinib combined with itraconazole, the Cmax and AUC0→t of ripretinib increased by 38.35% and 36.36%, respectively, and the t1/2 was prolonged to 7.53 h. After ripretinib combined with voriconazole, the Cmax and AUC0→t of ripretinib increased by 37.44% and 25.52%, respectively, and the t1/2 was prolonged to 7.33 h. CONCLUSION A new and reliable UPLC-MS/MS technique was fully optimized and developed to detect the concentration of ripretinib in beagle dog plasma. Itraconazole and voriconazole could inhibit the metabolism of ripretinib in beagle dogs and increase the plasma exposure of ripretinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-yan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-ding Su
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai-feng Gou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-nan Geng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-jun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People’s Republic of China
- Functional Experiment Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Shi C, Shi J, Song J, Wang N. Determination of risk factors for fever after transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads for hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27636. [PMID: 34871232 PMCID: PMC8568383 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was to identify risk factors affecting postembolization fever (PEF) of CalliSpheres drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) in the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).One hundred eighty-eight consecutive patients with HCC who underwent DEB-TACE with fever between June 2017 and May 2019 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into 4 groups based on the severity of posttransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) fever according to the degrees of body temperature. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistics regression were performed to identify potential risk factors for post-TACE fever.In the stepwise multiple regression analysis, pre-TACE blood urea, small particle size and Cental liqefction (P < .05) were independent risk factors of severe post-TACE fever (P < .05, respectively). Portal vein thrombosis (P < .01), Child-Pugh stage (P < .01), and cycles of DEB-TACE (P < .05) were independent risk factors for clinical death, PEF was not associated with clinical death (P = .754) and 6-month survival (P = .524) in the univariate analysis. Moreover, multivariate Cox regression was performed, and Child-Pugh stage (B vs A) (P = .040) and portal vein thrombosis (yes vs no) (P = .033) were independent factors predicting unfavorable overall survival in HCC patients.Pre-TACE blood urea, small particle size, and Cental liqefction were significantly correlated with the occurrence fever after DEB-TACE. Therefore, these factors should be taken into full consideration for the relief of fever. However, PEF after D-TACE was not associated with clinical death and 6-month survival rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- Intervention Ward One, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Congcong Shi
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jutian Shi
- Intervention Ward One, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinlong Song
- Intervention Ward One, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sciascia QL, Prehn C, Adamski J, Daş G, Lang IS, Otten W, Görs S, Metges CC. The Effect of Dietary Protein Imbalance during Pregnancy on the Growth, Metabolism and Circulatory Metabolome of Neonatal and Weaned Juvenile Porcine Offspring. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093286. [PMID: 34579160 PMCID: PMC8471113 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein imbalance during pregnancy affects women in underdeveloped and developing countries and is associated with compromised offspring growth and an increased risk of metabolic diseases in later life. We studied in a porcine model the glucose and urea metabolism, and circulatory hormone and metabolite profile of offspring exposed during gestation, to maternal isoenergetic low-high (LP-HC), high-low (HP-LC) or adequate (AP) protein-carbohydrate ratio diets. At birth, LP-HC were lighter and the plasma acetylcarnitine to free carnitine ratios at 1 day of life was lower compared to AP offspring. Plasma urea concentrations were lower in 1 day old LP-HC offspring than HP-LC. In the juvenile period, increased insulin concentrations were observed in LP-HC and HP-LC offspring compared to AP, as was body weight from HP-LC compared to LP-HC. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were lower in 80 than 1 day old HP-LC offspring, and glucagon concentrations lower in 80 than 1 day old AP and HP-LC offspring. Plasma urea and the ratio of glucagon to insulin were lower in all 80 than 1 day old offspring. Aminoacyl-tRNA, arginine and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism, histidine and beta-alanine metabolism differed between 1 and 80 day old AP and HP-LC offspring. Maternal protein imbalance throughout pregnancy did not result in significant consequences in offspring metabolism compared to AP, indicating enormous plasticity by the placenta and developing offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin L. Sciascia
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Q.L.S.); (G.D.); (I.S.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core (MPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gürbüz Daş
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Q.L.S.); (G.D.); (I.S.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Iris S. Lang
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Q.L.S.); (G.D.); (I.S.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Winfried Otten
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;
| | - Solvig Görs
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Q.L.S.); (G.D.); (I.S.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Cornelia C. Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Q.L.S.); (G.D.); (I.S.L.); (S.G.)
- Chair of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38208-68-650
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Newton-Tanzer E, Demmelmair H, Horak J, Holdt L, Koletzko B, Grote V. Acute Metabolic Response in Adults to Toddler Milk Formulas with Alternating Higher and Lower Protein and Fat Contents, a Randomized Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093022. [PMID: 34578900 PMCID: PMC8472683 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein intake in early life influences metabolism, weight gain, and later obesity risk. As such, a better understanding of the effects of protein intake on the postprandial metabolism and its dynamics over time may elucidate underlying mechanisms. In a randomized crossover study, we observed fasted adults who consumed two isocaloric toddler milk formulas concentrated as meals of 480 kcal with 67 g of carbohydrates 30 g (HP) or 7 g (LP) protein, and 10 g or 20 g fat, respectively. Anthropometry and body plethysmography were assessed, and blood samples collected at baseline and over five hours. Time-specific concentrations, areas under concentration curves (AUC), and maximum values of metabolites were compared by paired t-tests to examine the effects of protein content of toddler milks on postprandial plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), urea and triglycerides. Twenty-seven men and women aged 26.7 ± 5.0 years (BMI: 22.2 ± 2.5 kg/m2) (mean ± SD) participated. BCAA AUC, and Cmax values were significantly higher with HP than LP (144,765 ± 21,221 vs. 97,089 ± 14,650 µmol·min/L, p < 0.001; 656 ± 120 vs. 407 ± 66 µmol/L, p < 0.001), as were insulin AUC and Cmax values (6674 ± 3013 vs. 5600 ± 2423 µmol·min/L, p = 0.005; 71 ± 37 vs. 55 ± 28 µmol/L, p = 0.001). Higher glucose, urea, and triglyceride concentrations occurred in the late postprandial phase (≥180 min) with HP. In conclusion, we noted that higher milk protein intake induces increased postprandial BCAA concentrations for at least 5 h and led to higher initial insulin secretion. Gluconeogenesis due to an influx of amino acids and their degradation after HP meal might explain the late effects of protein intake on glucose and insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Newton-Tanzer
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.N.-T.); (H.D.); (J.H.); (V.G.)
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.N.-T.); (H.D.); (J.H.); (V.G.)
| | - Jeannie Horak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.N.-T.); (H.D.); (J.H.); (V.G.)
| | - Lesca Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.N.-T.); (H.D.); (J.H.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)89-4400-52826
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.N.-T.); (H.D.); (J.H.); (V.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schindler MSZ, Calisto JFF, Marins K, Regginato A, Mezzomo H, Zanatta AP, Radunz AL, Mariot MP, Dal Magro J, Zanatta L. Characterization of the chemical profile and the effects of ethanolic extracts of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek on glucose metabolism in normal hyperglycemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 276:114173. [PMID: 33932519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek, Celastraceae, is popularly known as "espinheira-santa" and used to treat pathologies related to the stomach. However, in popular culture, this species has also been used to treat other disorders such as diabetes, but without scientific evidence, requiring more phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the plant. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aims to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic potential of ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves from two different accessions of Maytenus ilicifolia (MIA and MIB) in normal hyperglycemic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided into different experimental groups: normal hyperglycemic (negative control); MIA (treatment of Maytenus ilicifolia extract from access 116); MIB (treatment with Maytenus ilicifolia extract from access 122; and glipizide (positive control). At 30 min after treatment, all animals received glucose overload orally. Blood collection occurred at different periods for the assessment of blood glucose (0, 60, 90 and 210 min after treatment) and at the end of the experiment blood was collected through cardiac puncture and the liver, muscle, pancreas and intestine were dissected for further analysis. RESULTS Chromatographic analysis identified oleic and palmitic acid as the most common constituents, and both extracts of Maytenus ilicifolia caused a reduction in blood glucose levels within 60 min after administration of glucose overload when compared to the normal hyperglycemic group. No significant changes were observed in hepatic and muscular glycogen levels, plasma insulin concentration and disaccharidases activity with none of the extracts in the model employed. However, hyperglycemic rats treated with the extracts showed a marked increase in triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Maytenus ilicifolia extracts from different locations showed differences in chemical composition which did not reflect significant differences in the results of biological tests. In addition, it was possible to conclude that the treatment with Maytenus ilicifolia had a discreet anti-hyperglycemic effect; however, it was not possible to identify the responsible mechanism, being necessary, therefore, new studies using different technologies in order to determine the possible mechanisms of action of the extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katiuska Marins
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of the Region of Chapecó - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Alissara Regginato
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of the Region of Chapecó - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Hemilli Mezzomo
- Pharmacy Course, Community University of Chapecó Region - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Zanatta
- Pharmacy Course, Community University of Chapecó Region - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Andre Luiz Radunz
- Agronomy Course - Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Brazil.
| | - Márcio Paim Mariot
- Agronomy Course - Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFSul), Brazil.
| | - Jacir Dal Magro
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of the Region of Chapecó - Unochapecó, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Course, Community University of Chapecó Region - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Leila Zanatta
- Western Higher Education Center, Santa Catarina State University - UDESC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Owumi S, Bello T, Oyelere AK. N-acetyl cysteine abates hepatorenal toxicities induced by perfluorooctanoic acid exposure in male rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 86:103667. [PMID: 33933708 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) elicits toxicities in the hepatorenal system. We investigated the effect of PFOA and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the hepatorenal function of rats treated thus: control, PFOA (5 mg/kg), NAC (50 mg/kg), PFOA + NAC (5 and 25 mg/kg), and PFOA + NAC (5 and 50 mg/kg). We observed that NAC significantly (p < 0.05) reduced PFOA-induced increase in hepatic and renal function biomarkers of toxicities relative to PFOA alone and alleviated (p < 0.05) decreases in antioxidant status. Increases in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in PFOA-treated rats were reverted to normal by NAC and abated increased pro-inflammatory mediators, and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine both in the hepatorenal system PFOA treated rats. Histology of the kidney and liver indicated that NAC, abated the severity of PFOA-induced damage significantly. Our findings affirm further that oxido-inflammatory mediators involved in PFOA-mediated toxicity can be effectively blocked by NAC through its antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Owumi
- CRMB Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200004, Nigeria.
| | - Taofeek Bello
- CRMB Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200004, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Eloot S, De Rudder J, Verloo P, Dhont E, Raes A, Van Biesen W, Snauwaert E. Towards an Algorithm-Based Tailored Treatment of Acute Neonatal Hyperammonemia. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:484. [PMID: 34357956 PMCID: PMC8309957 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute neonatal hyperammonemia is associated with poor neurological outcomes and high mortality. We developed, based on kinetic modeling, a user-friendly and widely applicable algorithm to tailor the treatment of acute neonatal hyperammonemia. A single compartmental model was calibrated assuming a distribution volume equal to the patient's total body water (V), as calculated using Wells' formula, and dialyzer clearance as derived from the measured ammonia time-concentration curves during 11 dialysis sessions in four patients (3.2 ± 0.4 kg). Based on these kinetic simulations, dialysis protocols could be derived for clinical use with different body weights, start concentrations, dialysis machines/dialyzers and dialysis settings (e.g., blood flow QB). By a single measurement of ammonia concentration at the dialyzer inlet and outlet, dialyzer clearance (K) can be calculated as K = QB∙[(Cinlet - Coutlet)/Cinlet]. The time (T) needed to decrease the ammonia concentration from a predialysis start concentration Cstart to a desired target concentration Ctarget is then equal to T = (-V/K)∙LN(Ctarget/Cstart). By implementing these formulae in a simple spreadsheet, medical staff can draw an institution-specific flowchart for patient-tailored treatment of hyperammonemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Eloot
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.R.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Jonathan De Rudder
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.R.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Patrick Verloo
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Disease, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Evelyn Dhont
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Ann Raes
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.D.R.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Evelien Snauwaert
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.R.); (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ali O, Mézes M, Balogh K, Kovács M, Szabó A. The Effects of Mixed Fusarium Mycotoxins at EU-Permitted Feed Levels on Weaned Piglets' Tissue Lipids. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:444. [PMID: 34199083 PMCID: PMC8309798 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At exactly the individual permitted EU-tolerance dietary limits, fumonisins (FB: 5 mg/kg diet) and mixed fusariotoxins (DZ: 0.9 mg deoxynivalenol + 0.1 mg zearalenone/kg diet, and FDZ: 5 mg fumonisins + 0.9 mg deoxynivalenol + 0.1 mg zearalenone/kg diet) were administered to piglets (n = 6/group) for three weeks. Bodyweights of intoxicated piglets increased, while feed conversion ratios decreased. In FDZ, both the absolute and relative weight of the liver decreased. In the renal-cellular membrane, the most pronounced alterations were in FDZ treatment, followed by individual FB exposure. In both treatments, high proportions of C20:0 and C22:0 with low fatty acid (FA) unsaturation were found. In hepatocyte phospholipids, FDZ toxins exerted antagonistic interactions, and FB had the strongest increasing effect on FA monounsaturation. Among all investigated organs, the spleen lipids were the least responsive, in which FDZ expressed synergistic reactions on C20:0 (↑ FDZ vs. FB) and C22:0 (↓ FDZ vs. DZ). The antioxidant defense of the kidney was depleted (↓ glutathione concentration by FB-exposure). Blood plasma indicated renal injury (profound increase of urea and creatinine in FB vs. DZ and FDZ). FB strongly increased total-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein concentrations, whereas FDZ synergistically increased gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline-phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus levels. Summarized, individual and combined multiple fusariotoxins modified the membrane lipid profile and antioxidant defense of splanchnic organs, and serum biochemicals, without retarding growth in piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omeralfaroug Ali
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40., 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (M.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Miklós Mézes
- Department of Feed Toxicology, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő Campus, Páter K. u. 1., 2053 Gödöllő, Hungary; (M.M.); (K.B.)
| | - Krisztián Balogh
- Department of Feed Toxicology, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő Campus, Páter K. u. 1., 2053 Gödöllő, Hungary; (M.M.); (K.B.)
| | - Melinda Kovács
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40., 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (M.K.); (A.S.)
- MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40., 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - András Szabó
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40., 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (M.K.); (A.S.)
- MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40., 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mardhiah K, Wan-Arfah N, Naing NN, Hassan MRA, Chan HK. The Cox model of predicting mortality among melioidosis patients in Northern Malaysia: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26160. [PMID: 34160382 PMCID: PMC8238369 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Melioidosis is an infectious disease that is initiated by a bacteria recognized as Burkholderia pseudomallei. Despite the high fatality rate from melioidosis, there is a minimal published study about the disease in Malaysia.This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors of mortality among melioidosis patients in northern Malaysia.All inpatient patients who were admitted to Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah and Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis with culture-confirmed melioidosis during the period 2014 to 2017 were included in the study. The study retrospectively collected 510 melioidosis patients from the Melioidosis Registry. Hazard ratio (HR) used in advanced multiple Cox regression was used to obtain the final model of prognostic factors of melioidosis. The analysis was performed using STATA/SE 14.0 for Windows software.From the results, among the admitted patients, 50.1% died at the hospital. The mean age for those who died was 55 years old, and they were mostly male. The most common underlying disease was diabetes mellitus (69.8%), followed by hypertension (32.7%). The majority of cases (86.8%) were bacteremic. The final Cox model identified 5 prognostic factors of mortality among melioidosis patients. The factors were diabetes mellitus, type of melioidosis, platelet count, white blood cell count, and urea value. The results showed that bacteremic melioidosis increased the risk of dying by 3.47 (HR: 3.47, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.67-7.23, P = .001) compared to non-bacteremic melioidosis. Based on the blood investigations, the adjusted HRs from the final model showed that all 3 blood investigations were included as the prognostic factors for the disease (low platelet: HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.22-2.54, P = .003; high white blood cell: HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.06-2.11, P = .023; high urea: HR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.76-4.85, P < .001; and low level of urea: HR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.69-4.29, P < .001). By contrast, melioidosis patients with diabetic had 30.0% lower risk of dying from melioidosis compared to those with non-diabetic (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52-0.94, P = .016).Identifying the prognostic factors of mortality in patients with melioidosis allows a guideline of early management in these patients, which may improve patient's survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamaruddin Mardhiah
- Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Kelantan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus
| | - Nadiah Wan-Arfah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus
| | - Nyi Nyi Naing
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
| | - Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Huan-Keat Chan
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bakour M, Hammas N, Laaroussi H, Ousaaid D, Fatemi HEL, Aboulghazi A, Soulo N, Lyoussi B. Moroccan Bee Bread Improves Biochemical and Histological Changes of the Brain, Liver, and Kidneys Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:6632128. [PMID: 34258274 PMCID: PMC8249149 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6632128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were used in various fields such as food industry, cosmetics, medicine, and agriculture. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology, the adverse effects of nanoparticles are inevitable. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of bee bread on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle toxicity. Male rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 received daily by gavage (10 mL/kg bw) of distilled water, Group 2 received bee bread ethanolic extract (100 mg/kg bw), Group 3 received TiO2 (100 mg/kg bw) and distilled water (10 mL/kg bw), and Group 4 received TiO2 (100 mg/kg bw) and bee bread ethanolic extract (100 mg/kg bw). All treatments were given daily by gavage during 30 days. At the end of the experiment period, blood samples were collected to analyze fasting blood glucose, lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and VLDL-C), liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and LDH), total protein, urea, albumin, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chloride ions. In addition, histological examinations of the kidneys, liver, and brain were investigated. The results showed that the subacute administration of TiO2 alone (100 mg/kg bw) had induced hyperglycemia (309 ± 5 mg/dL) and elevation of hepatic enzyme levels, accompanied by a change in both lipid profile and renal biomarkers as well as induced congestion and dilatation in the hepatic central vein and congestion in kidney and brain tissues. However, the cotreatment with bee bread extract restored these biochemical parameters and attenuated the deleterious effects of titanium nanoparticles on brain, liver, and kidney functions which could be due to its rich content on functional molecules. The findings of this paper could make an important contribution to the field of using bee bread as a detoxifying agent against titanium dioxide nanoparticles and other xenobiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Bakour
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Nawal Hammas
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Hassan Laaroussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Driss Ousaaid
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hinde EL Fatemi
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Abderrazak Aboulghazi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Najoua Soulo
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nna VU, Abu Bakar AB, Zakaria Z, Othman ZA, Jalil NAC, Mohamed M. Malaysian Propolis and Metformin Synergistically Mitigate Kidney Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113441. [PMID: 34198937 PMCID: PMC8201379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is reported to occur as a result of the interactions between several pathophysiological disturbances, as well as renal oxidative stress and inflammation. We examined the effect of Malaysian propolis (MP), which has anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on diabetes-induced nephropathy. Diabetic rats were either treated with distilled water (diabetic control (DC) group), MP (300 mg/kg b.w./day), metformin (300 mg/kg b.w./day) or MP + metformin for four weeks. We found significant increases in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid levels, decreases in serum sodium and chloride levels, and increase in kidney lactate dehydrogenase activity in DC group. Furthermore, malondialdehyde level increased significantly, while kidney antioxidant enzymes activities, glutathione level and total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly in DC group. Similarly, kidney immunoexpression of nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and caspase-3 increased significantly, while IL-10 immunoexpression decreased significantly in DC group relative to normal control group. Histopathological observations for DC group corroborated the biochemical data. Intervention with MP, metformin or both significantly mitigated these effects and improved renal function, with the best outcome following the combined therapy. MP attenuates diabetic nephropathy and exhibits combined beneficial effect with metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115 Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria;
| | - Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.B.A.B.); (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.)
| | - Zaida Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.B.A.B.); (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.)
| | - Zaidatul Akmal Othman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (A.B.A.B.); (Z.Z.); (Z.A.O.)
- Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyilla Che Jalil
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115 Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria;
- Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Soltani Hekmat A, Chenari A, Alipanah H, Javanmardi K. Protective effect of alamandine on doxorubicin‑induced nephrotoxicity in rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:31. [PMID: 34049594 PMCID: PMC8164237 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of alamandine, a new member of the angiotensin family, against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. METHODS Rats were intraperitoneally injected with DOX (3.750 mg/kg/week) to reach a total cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg by day 35. Alamandine (50 µg/kg/day) was administered to the rats via mini-osmotic pumps for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, rats were placed in the metabolic cages for 24 h so that their water intake and urine output could be measured. After scarification, the rats' serum and kidney tissues were collected, and biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies were carried out. RESULTS DOX administration yielded increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, pro-fibrotic proteins transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear kappa B (NF-κB), kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and water intake. On the other hand, the DOX-treated group exhibited decreased renal superoxide dismutase (SOD), renal glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and urinary output. Alamandine co-therapy decreased these effects, as confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that alamandine can prevent nephrotoxicity induced by DOX in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ava Soltani Hekmat
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Ebn-E-Sina SQ, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ameneh Chenari
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Ebn-E-Sina SQ, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hiva Alipanah
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Ebn-E-Sina SQ, Fasa, Iran
| | - Kazem Javanmardi
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Ebn-E-Sina SQ, Fasa, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fatimah SN, Usman SM. Protective role of salicylic acid in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:869-874. [PMID: 34602408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid, a phenolic compound, found in plants, possesses free radical scavenging and iron chelation properties. The present study is designed to study the antioxidant effect of salicylic acid in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. For this purpose twenty four male albino rabbits were divided into 4 groups (n=6); control group, healthy untreated rabbits, gentamicin group, received only gentamicin (80mg/kg), gentamicin + salicylic acid group, received gentamicin (80mg/kg) + salicylic acid (80mg/kg) and salicylic acid group, received only salicylic acid (80mg/kg) via intra peritoneal route for 21 consecutive days. Biochemical evaluation was carried out by assessment of body weights and by estimating renal function tests (plasma urea, plasma creatinine and plasma uric acid), tissue antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD) and MDA level. Gentamicin induction resulted in decreased body weights, increased plasma urea, plasma creatinine, plasma uric acid, tissue MDA level and decreased tissue SOD and tissue catalase activity in gentamicin treated group which was restored by supplementation with salicylic acid in gentamicin + salicylic acid group. Our data suggests that supplementation of salicylic acid can be useful in reducing gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Nuzhat Fatimah
- Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Federal Urdu University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Muhammad Usman
- Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Federal Urdu University, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of mercury in the environment is a worldwide concern. Inorganic mercury is present in industrial materials, is employed in medical devices, is widely used in batteries, is a component of fluorescent light bulbs, and it has been associated with human poisoning in gold mining areas. The nephrotoxicity induced by inorganic mercury is a relevant health problem mainly in developing countries. The primary mechanism of mercury toxicity is oxidative stress. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is an anti-ischemic drug, which inhibits cellular oxidative stress, eliminates oxygen-free radicals, and improves lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the administration of TMZ protects against mercuric chloride (HgCl2) kidney damage. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats received only HgCl2 (4 mg/kg bw, sc) (Hg group, n = 5) or TMZ (3 mg/kg bw, ip) 30 min before HgCl2 administration (4 mg/kg bw, sc) (TMZHg group, n = 7). Simultaneously, a control group of rats (n = 4) was studied. After 4 days of HgCl2 injection, urinary flow, urea and creatinine (Cr) plasma levels, Cr clearance, urinary glucose, and sodium-dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 (NaDC1) in urine were determined. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in kidney homogenates. RESULTS Rats only treated with HgCl2 showed an increase in urea and Cr plasma levels, urinary flow, fractional excretion of water, glucosuria, and NaDC1 urinary excretion as compared with the control group and a decrease in Cr clearance. TMZHg group showed a decrease in urea and Cr plasma levels, urinary flow, fractional excretion of water, glucosuria, NaDC1 urinary excretion, and an increase in Cr clearance when compared to the Hg group. Moreover, MDA and GSH levels observed in Hg groups were decreased and increased, respectively, by TMZ pretreatment. CONCLUSION TMZ exerted a renoprotective action against HgCl2-induced renal injury, which might be mediated by the reduction of oxidative stress. Considering the absence of toxicity of TMZ, its clinical application against oxidative damage due to HgCl2-induced renal injury should be considered. The fact that TMZ is commercially available should simplify and accelerate the translation of the present data "from bench to bedside." In this context, TMZ become an interesting new example of drug repurposing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Herminia Hazelhoff
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. National University of Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Romina Paula Bulacio
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. National University of Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Adriana Monica Torres
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. National University of Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sochorova L, Baron M, Dadakova K, Kasparovsky T, Sochor J. Health Beneficial Properties of Grapevine Seed Extract and Its Influence on Selected Biochemical Markers in the Blood, Liver and Kidneys of Rattus norvegicus. Molecules 2021; 26:2099. [PMID: 33917585 PMCID: PMC8038788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs in all areas of the environment, including the food chain. In the body, it causes oxidative stress by producing free radicals that are harmful to the cells. Grape seed extract (GSE) contains a wide range of biologically active components that help to neutralize the adverse effects of free radicals. In this study, the effects of GSE prepared form semi-resistant grapevine cultivar Cerason, which is rich in phenolics, on biochemical markers of brown rats exposed to the effects of cadmium were monitored. GSE increased the plasma antioxidant activity and, in the kidneys and the liver, Cd content was significantly lowered by GSE co-administration. Accordingly, the increase in creatinine content and alanine aminotransferase activity and the decrease of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities caused by cadmium were slowed down by GSE co-administration. The results of this work reveal that grape seed extract offers a protective effect against the intake of heavy metals into the organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Sochorova
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmir Baron
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Dadakova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kasparovsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mikkelsen ACD, Thomsen KL, Vilstrup H, Aamann L, Jones H, Mookerjee RP, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Frystyk J, Aagaard NK. Potassium deficiency decreases the capacity for urea synthesis and markedly increases ammonia in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G474-G483. [PMID: 33404376 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00136.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Our study provides novel findings of experimental hypokalemia reducing urea cycle functionality and thereby severely increasing plasma ammonia. This is pathophysiologically interesting because plasma ammonia increases during hypokalemia by a hitherto unknown mechanism, which may be particular important in relation to the unexplained link between hypokalemia and hepatic encephalopathy. Potassium deficiency decreases gene expression, protein synthesis, and growth. The urea cycle maintains body nitrogen homeostasis including removal of toxic ammonia. Hyperammonemia is an obligatory trait of liver failure, increasing the risk for hepatic encephalopathy, and hypokalemia is reported to increase ammonia. We aimed to clarify the effects of experimental hypokalemia on the in vivo capacity of the urea cycle, on the genes of the enzymes involved, and on ammonia concentrations. Female Wistar rats were fed a potassium-free diet for 13 days. Half of the rats were then potassium repleted. Both groups were compared with pair- and free-fed controls. The following were measured: in vivo capacity of urea-nitrogen synthesis (CUNS); gene expression (mRNA) of urea cycle enzymes; plasma potassium, sodium, and ammonia; intracellular potassium, sodium, and magnesium in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues; and liver sodium/potassium pumps. Liver histology was assessed. The diet induced hypokalemia of 1.9 ± 0.4 mmol/L. Compared with pair-fed controls, the in vivo CUNS was reduced by 34% (P < 0.01), gene expression of argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) was decreased by 33% (P < 0.05), and plasma ammonia concentrations were eightfold elevated (P < 0.001). Kidney and muscle tissue potassium contents were markedly decreased but unchanged in liver tissue. Protein expressions of liver sodium/potassium pumps were unchanged. Repletion of potassium reverted all the changes. Hypokalemia decreased the capacity for urea synthesis via gene effects. The intervention led to marked hyperammonemia, quantitatively explainable by the compromised urea cycle. Our findings motivate clinical studies of patients with liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Louise Thomsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Luise Aamann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Helen Jones
- UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeshwar P Mookerjee
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Kristian Aagaard
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Y, Li J, Qu Z, Yang Z, Jia X, Lin Y, He Q, Zhang L, Luo Y. Causal Associations between Serum Urea and Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040498. [PMID: 33805346 PMCID: PMC8066321 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Urea is largely derived from the urea cycle reactions through hepatic detoxification of free ammonia and cleared by urination, and the serum urea level is a crucial medical indicator for measuring the kidney function in patients with nephropathy; however, investigative revelations pointing to the serum urea level as a risk factor for cancer are very scarce, and relevant studies are restricted by potential biases. We aimed to explore the causal relationships of the serum urea level with cancer development by focusing on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using the Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Summary estimates were collected from the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method based on six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The selected SNPs related to the serum urea were obtained from a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 13,312 European participants. The summary statistics of RCC were also available from public databases (IARC, n = 5219 cases, n = 8011 controls). Sensitivity analyses included the weighted median and MR-Egger methods. Serum urea was inversely associated with RCC in females (effect = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.24 to 3.01; p = 0.004) but exhibited null association with RCC in males, breast cancer (BRCA) in both genders and prostate cancer (PCa) in males. Similar conclusions were also drawn from the weighted median and MR-Egger. These findings reveal an intriguing link between serum urea and cancer risks for the very first time. Without ambiguity, the serum urea is causatively related to RCC specifically in females, although the mechanism(s) by which urea is involved in RCC development remains to be experimentally/clinically investigated. Our studies may well provide novel insights for RCC diagnosis, intervention and/or therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yandi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingjia Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zihao Qu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ze Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueyao Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yindan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (L.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1875-713-6369
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baltadzhiev I, Zaprianov Z, Baltadjiev A. Renal Involvement in Mediterranean Spotted Fever: Clinical and Histopathological Data. Med Princ Pract 2021; 30:369-375. [PMID: 33780958 PMCID: PMC8436609 DOI: 10.1159/000516167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is a tick-borne rickettsial infection endemic to the Mediterranean coastline countries. As a result of growing tourism, imported cases have been registered in many nonendemic countries and regions. We present clinical laboratory parameters and histopathological data on renal impairment in patients with MSF. The study meets our goal of identifying kidney involvement and detecting renal damage in people with MSF. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three hundred fifty patients with MSF with a diagnosis confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis were tested for serum urea, creatinine, and albumin. Fifty-five patients with malignant form of MSF were divided into 2 groups: 19 fatalities and 36 survivors. The percentage of patients with acute renal failure (ARF) was compared in both groups. RESULTS Subjects with elevated urea and creatinine levels increased from 5.21 to 3.47% in mild to 48.78 and 29.26% in severe MSF, respectively. Loss of serum albumin also increased from mild to severe MSF. Renal impairment comprised 60% of the cohort of 55 patients with malignant MSF: 89.4% in the group of deaths and almost twice less in the survivors. ARF developed in 84.2% of fatal cases and was >2 times less in survivors. Postmortem light microscopy of renal samples of 9 fatal cases revealed perivascular mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates, vasculitis with fibrinoid necrosis, acute tubular necrosis, interstitial edema, hemorrhage, and thrombosis. CONCLUSION Renal pathology associated with MSF rickettsial infection consists of systemic small vessel vasculitis and vascular injury, leading to ARF in the most severe cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Baltadzhiev
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University and Infectious Disease Clinic, University Hospital St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zaprian Zaprianov
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University and General and Clinical Pathology Clinic, University Hospital St. George, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Atanas Baltadjiev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Mercury is a widespread pollutant. Mercuric ions uptake into tubular cells is supported by the Organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1) and 3 (Oat3) and its elimination into urine is through the Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2). We investigated the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo) on renal function and on renal expression of Oat1, Oat3, and Mrp2 in a model of mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced renal damage. Four experimental groups of adult male Wistar rats were used: Control, Epo, HgCl2, and Epo + HgCl2. Epo (3000 IU/kg, b.w., i.p.) was administered 24 h before HgCl2 (4 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.). Experiments were performed 18 h after the HgCl2 dose. Parameters of renal function and structure were evaluated. The protein expression of Oat1, Oat3 and Mrp2 in renal tissue was assessed by immunoblotting techniques. Mercury levels were determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Pretreatment with Epo ameliorated the HgCl2-induced tubular injury as assessed by histopathology and urinary biomarkers. Immunoblotting showed that pretreatment with Epo regulated the renal expression of mercury transporters in a way to decrease mercury content in the kidney. Epo pretreatment ameliorates HgCl2-induced renal tubular injury by modulation of mercury transporters expression in the kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Hazelhoff
- Área Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, 63029Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - A M Torres
- Área Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, 63029Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dhouibi R, Affes H, Salem MB, Moalla D, Marekchi R, Charfi S, Hammami S, Sahnoun Z, Jamoussi K, Zeghal KM, Ksouda K. Creation of an adequate animal model of hyperuricemia (acute and chronic hyperuricemia); study of its reversibility and its maintenance. Life Sci 2021; 268:118998. [PMID: 33417953 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hyperuricemia is defined by the European Rheumatology Society as a uric acid level greater than 6 mg/dl (60 mg/l or 360 μmol/l). Our goal was to evaluate the hypouricemic effect of nettle. For this reason, we have first of all try to create an hyperuricemic animal model which is very suitable because at the level of literature there is not an exact model, there are many models and our objective is to set an adequate model. MATERIALS AND METHODS An attempt has been made to test acute and chronic hyperuricemia by varying the duration and method of induction of potassium oxonate. Similarly, attempts have been made to induce chronic hyperuricemia through an animal and vegetable diet. The reversibility of hyperuricemia was tested with a maintenance protocol. KEY FINDINGS For the creation of the hyperuricemia model, it has been shown that acute hyperuricemia cannot be induced by short administration of potassium oxonate and persistent chronic hyperuricemia can be induced only after daily administration of oxonate of potassium by intraperitoneal injection for 15 days. Indeed, hyperuricemia was reversible after stopping the administration of potassium oxonate. The high-purine diet is also capable of inducing chronic hyperuricemia but to a less extent. SIGNIFICANCE After creating an adequate model of hyperuricemia while setting the dose of potassium oxonate, route of administration and duration. A maintenance protocol was followed which subsequently made it possible to deduce that the daily administration of potassium oxonate must be continued to maintain the hyperuricemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raouia Dhouibi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Hanen Affes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Maryem Ben Salem
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dorsaf Moalla
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rim Marekchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Hedi Cheker of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Charfi
- Department of Anatomopathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Serria Hammami
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Hedi Cheker of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Mounir Zeghal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kamilia Ksouda
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Al Za'abi M, Al Salam S, Al Suleimani Y, Ashique M, Manoj P, Nemmar A, Ali BH. Effects of repeated increasing doses of cisplatin as models of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:249-259. [PMID: 32936352 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is nephrotoxic, and this side effect is used as an animal model for acute kidney injury (AKI). Earlier research has been focused on CP-induced AKI, with relatively little attention being paid to its ability to progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) on repeated administration. We aimed here to test the dose dependency of its nephrotoxic actions by comparing various physiological, biochemical, molecular, and histopathological indices using repeated increasing doses of CP in rats. Furthermore, we investigated whether these doses of CP would result in the development of CKD. Biochemical, molecular, and histopathological measurements were conducted in plasma, urine, and/or kidneys of rats treated with increasing doses of CP at 1.6, 3.2, and 4.8 mg kg-1 weekly for four consecutive weeks. These doses induced significant and dose-dependent elevations in most of the measured renal indices. These included increased renal fibrosis, as suggested histopathologically and biochemically by the significant increase in transforming growth factor-β1, significant decrease in actin alpha 2, and variable actions of collagen I and IV. CP also dose-dependently increased nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and caspase-3. Multiple repeated doses of CP (1.6 to 4.8 mg kg-1) induced multiple episodes of AKI, leading to CKD after the 4th weekly dose and confirmed that this dosage regimen could be used as an experimental animal model of AKI progressing to CKD. These actions were driven by inflammation, oxidative, and nitrosative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Za'abi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Suhail Al Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yousuf Al Suleimani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Ashique
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Priyadarsini Manoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lorente L, Martín MM, Argueso M, Solé-Violán J, Perez A, Marcos Y Ramos JA, Ramos-Gómez L, López S, Franco A, González-Rivero AF, Martín M, Gonzalez V, Alcoba-Flórez J, Rodriguez MÁ, Riaño-Ruiz M, Guillermo O Campo J, González L, Cantera T, Ortiz-López R, Ojeda N, Rodríguez-Pérez A, Domínguez C, Jiménez A. Association between red blood cell distribution width and mortality of COVID-19 patients. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2021; 40:100777. [PMID: 33171297 PMCID: PMC7648194 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have previously reported an association between high red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and mortality in septic and brain infarction patients. However, no association between RDW and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been reported so far; thus, the objective of this study was to determine if that association exists. METHODS Prospective and observational study carried out in 8 Intensive Care Units from 6 hospitals of Canary Islands (Spain) including COVID-19 patients. We recorded RDW at ICU admission and 30-day survival. RESULTS We found that patients who did not survive (n=25) compared to surviving patients (n=118) were older (p=0.004), showed higher RDW (p=0.001), urea (p<0.001), APACHE-II (p<0.001) and SOFA (p<0.001), and lower platelet count (p=0.007) and pH (p=0.008). Multiple binomial logistic regression analysis showed that RDW was associated with 30-day mortality after controlling for: SOFA and age (OR=1.659; 95% CI=1.130-2.434; p=0.01); APACHE-II and platelet count (OR=2.062; 95% CI=1.359-3.129; p=0.001); and pH and urea (OR=1.797; 95% CI=1.250-2.582; p=0.002). The area under the curve (AUC) of RDW for mortality prediction was of 71% (95% CI=63-78%; p<0.001). We did not find significant differences in the predictive capacity between RDW and SOFA (p=0.66) or between RDW and APACHE-II (p=0.12). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new information regarding the ability to predict mortality in patients with COVID-19. There is an association between high RDW and mortality. RDW has a good performance to predict 30-day mortality, similar to other severity scores (such as APACHE II and SOFA) but easier and faster to obtain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n. La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - María M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Crta del Rosario s/n, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Mónica Argueso
- Intensive Care Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain
| | - Jordi Solé-Violán
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35010, Spain
| | - Alina Perez
- Internal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - José Alberto Marcos Y Ramos
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Doctor José Molina Orosa, Ctra. Arrecife-Tinajo, km 1.300, Arrecife, Lanzarote 35550, Spain
| | - Luis Ramos-Gómez
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General La Palma, Buenavista de Arriba s/n, Breña Alta, La Palma 38713, Spain
| | - Sergio López
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35010, Spain
| | - Andrés Franco
- Immunology Unit of Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n. La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Agustín F González-Rivero
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n. La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n. La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Verónica Gonzalez
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n. La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Julia Alcoba-Flórez
- Microbiology Unit of Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Crta del Rosario s/n, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodriguez
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Crta del Rosario s/n, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - Marta Riaño-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain
| | - Juan Guillermo O Campo
- Intensive Care Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain
| | - Lourdes González
- Internal Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Tamara Cantera
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Doctor José Molina Orosa, Ctra. Arrecife-Tinajo, km 1.300, Arrecife, Lanzarote 35550, Spain
| | - Raquel Ortiz-López
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General La Palma, Buenavista de Arriba s/n, Breña Alta, La Palma 38713, Spain
| | - Nazario Ojeda
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35010, Spain
| | - Aurelio Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35010, Spain
| | - Casimira Domínguez
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35010, Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Olawale OO, Adekanmbi AF, Sonuga AA, Sonuga OO, Akodu SO, Ogundeyi MM. Assessment of Renal Function Status in Steady-State Sickle Cell Anaemic Children Using Urine Human Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Albumin:Creatinine Ratio. Med Princ Pract 2021; 30:557-562. [PMID: 34348300 PMCID: PMC8740162 DOI: 10.1159/000518458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sickle cell anaemia is characterized by defective haemoglobin synthesis and is associated with both endocrine and metabolic alterations. The effects of this clinical condition on kidney function are multifactorial and often begin early in childhood. This study aims to assess renal function in children with sickle cell anaemia using urine albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) and urine human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 200 children aged 5-15 years in 2 tertiary hospitals in South West Nigeria: 150 were of haemoglobin S genotype and 50 were of haemoglobin A genotype. Serum urea, creatinine, urine albumin, and NGAL were assayed by known standard methods. eGFR, urine ACR, and urine NGAL/creatinine ratio (urine NCR) were calculated. RESULTS The weight, height, BMI, systolic blood pressure, plasma urea, plasma creatinine, and spot urine creatinine of the HbS genotype children were significantly lower compared to that of the HbA genotype children. The eGFR, spot urine albumin, and urine ACR were significantly higher in the HbS group compared to the HbA group. There was no significant difference in the spot urine NGAL and urine NCR between the 2 groups, though both were higher in the HbS group compared to the HbA group. CONCLUSIONS Kidney injury probably starts early in childhood in sickle cell individuals as indicated by the higher urine ACR detected in them. We infer that urine NGAL and uNCR are not sensitive markers of kidney disease especially in young sickle cell individuals possibly because of the hyperfiltration present at this age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Olufemi Akodu
- Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Iheanyichukwu W, Adegoke AO, Adebayo OG, Emmanuel U M, Egelege AP, Gona JT, Orluwene FM. Combine colorants of tartrazine and erythrosine induce kidney injury: involvement of TNF-α gene, caspase-9 and KIM-1 gene expression and kidney functions indices. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:67-72. [PMID: 32981412 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1828523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five male Wistar rats (140-170 g) were partitioned into 5 groups (n = 5). 2.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of combine Tartrazine and Erythrosine (T+E; 50:50) were administered for 23 days. Serum urea and creatinine, gene expression and profiling of pro-inflammatory cytokine (Tumor Necrosis Factor- α gene), Caspase-9 and Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and histomorphological examination of the kidney were investigated. The fold change of relative gene expression of TNF-α gene showed significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulation in all the treated rats except for the 10 mg/kg T+E treated rats when compared to control rats. Casp-9 and KIM-1 genes were significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated in low dose treatment (2.5 mg/kg T+E and 5 mg/kg T+E) and down-regulated in high dose treatment (10 mg/kg T+E and 20 mg/kg T+E). However, there was significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum urea concentration in the rats treated with 5 mg/kg T+E and 20 mg/kg T+E while the rats treated with 10 mg/kg T+E indicated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease. Conversely, serum creatinine concentration indicated significant (p < 0.05) increase in10mg/kg T+E and 20 mg/kg T+E treated rats versus the control. From the histomorphological examination of the kidney, there was hypertrophy of the glomeruli in relation to the size of Bowman's capsule in the 10 mg/kg T+E and 20 mg/kg T+E treated rats. Kidney function was impaired as evident in up-regulation of TNF-α gene, KIM-1 gene, and serum urea and creatinine concentration with down-regulation of Casp-9 gene. The combined treatment also tampers with the architecture of the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wopara Iheanyichukwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Adebayo O Adegoke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Madonna University, Okija, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Modo Emmanuel U
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Madonna University, Okija, Nigeria
| | - Aziemeola Pius Egelege
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Jeremiah T Gona
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Madonna University, Okija, Nigeria
| | - Fortune M Orluwene
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Madonna University, Okija, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schneider C, Wiewelhove T, McLaren SJ, Röleke L, Käsbauer H, Hecksteden A, Kellmann M, Pfeiffer M, Ferrauti A. Monitoring training and recovery responses with heart rate measures during standardized warm-up in elite badminton players. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244412. [PMID: 33347512 PMCID: PMC7751974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate short-term training and recovery-related effects on heart rate during a standardized submaximal running test. Methods Ten elite badminton players (7 females and 3 males) were monitored during a 12-week training period in preparation for the World Championships. Exercise heart rate (HRex) and perceived exertion were measured in response to a 5-min submaximal shuttle-run test during the morning session warm-up. This test was repeatedly performed on Mondays after 1–2 days of pronounced recovery (‘recovered’ state; reference condition) and on Fridays following 4 consecutive days of training (‘strained’ state). In addition, the serum concentration of creatine kinase and urea, perceived recovery–stress states, and jump performance were assessed before warm-up. Results Creatine kinase increased in the strained compared to the recovered state and the perceived recovery–stress ratings decreased and increased, respectively (range of average effects sizes: |d| = 0.93–2.90). The overall HRex was 173 bpm and the observed within-player variability (i.e., standard deviation as a coefficient of variation [CV]) was 1.3% (90% confidence interval: 1.2% to 1.5%). A linear reduction of -1.4% (-3.0% to 0.3%) was observed in HRex over the 12-week observational period. HRex was -1.5% lower (-2.2% to -0.9%) in the strained compared to the recovered state, and the standard deviation (as a CV) representing interindividual variability in this response was 0.7% (-0.6% to 1.2%). Conclusions Our findings suggest that HRex measured during a standardized warm-up can be sensitive to short-term accumulation of training load, with HRex decreasing on average in response to consecutive days of training within repeated preparatory weekly microcycles. From a practical perspective, it seems advisable to determine intra-individual recovery–strain responses by repeated testing, as HRex responses may vary substantially between and within players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schneider
- Department of Training & Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Thimo Wiewelhove
- Department of Training & Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Shaun J. McLaren
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Röleke
- Department of Medicine, Training and Health, Institute of Sport Science and Motology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Anne Hecksteden
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Kellmann
- Unit of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Mark Pfeiffer
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sports, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Ferrauti
- Department of Training & Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Perez-Cornago A, Fensom GK, Andrews C, Watts EL, Allen NE, Martin RM, Van Hemelrijck M, Key TJ, Travis RC. Examination of potential novel biochemical factors in relation to prostate cancer incidence and mortality in UK Biobank. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1808-1817. [PMID: 32963348 PMCID: PMC7722733 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, its aetiology is not well understood. We aimed to identify novel biochemical factors for prostate cancer incidence and mortality in UK Biobank. METHODS A range of cardiovascular, bone, joint, diabetes, renal and liver-related biomarkers were measured in baseline blood samples collected from up to 211,754 men at recruitment and in a subsample 5 years later. Participants were followed-up via linkage to health administrative datasets to identify prostate cancer cases. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression corrected for regression dilution bias. Multiple testing was accounted for by using a false discovery rate controlling procedure. RESULTS After an average follow-up of 6.9 years, 5763 prostate cancer cases and 331 prostate cancer deaths were ascertained. Prostate cancer incidence was positively associated with circulating vitamin D, urea and phosphate concentrations and inversely associated with glucose, total protein and aspartate aminotransferase. Phosphate and cystatin-C were the only biomarkers positively and inversely, respectively, associated with risk in analyses excluding the first 4 years of follow-up. There was little evidence of associations with prostate cancer death. CONCLUSION We found novel associations of several biomarkers with prostate cancer incidence. Future research will examine associations by tumour characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Georgina K Fensom
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colm Andrews
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor L Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naomi E Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology & Urology Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zingerman B, Ziv D, Feder Krengel N, Korzets A, Matok I. Cessation of Bezafibrate in patients with chronic kidney disease improves renal function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19768. [PMID: 33188240 PMCID: PMC7666122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bezafibrate (BzF) is eliminated by renal excretion and dosage must be reduced in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is a concern that BzF causes a further deterioration in renal function in patients with CKD. This study assessed whether BzF discontinuation or dose reduction in CKD patients improves renal function. 117 CKD patients treated with BzF between 2009 and 2014 were studied for demographics, comorbid conditions and laboratory variables. Data compared 2 groups: an intervention group of 64 patients where recommendations regarding BzF administration was implemented and a control group of 37 patients. Follow-up was maintained for 12 months. In the intervention group, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased from 38 to 42 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.01); blood urea levels decreased from 81 to 77 mg/dL (p = 0.04). Serum creatinine decreased by more than 0.2 mg/dL in 45% of the intervention group, as compared to 19% of the control group (p < 0.01). Improvement in eGFR was seen exclusively in patients who stopped BzF completely (eGFR increased from 38 to 44 mL/min/1.73 m2). In the intervention group, TG level increased from 183 to 220 mg/dL (p < 0.001). BzF cessation in approximately 50% of patients with CKD was associated with an increase in eGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Zingerman
- Community Nephrology Clinic, Clalit Health Services, Kiryat Ono, Israel.
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Danny Ziv
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Asher Korzets
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, 4941492, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ilan Matok
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Viana Nunes AM, das Chagas Pereira de Andrade F, Filgueiras LA, de Carvalho Maia OA, Cunha RLOR, Rodezno SVA, Maia Filho ALM, de Amorim Carvalho FA, Braz DC, Mendes AN. preADMET analysis and clinical aspects of dogs treated with the Organotellurium compound RF07: A possible control for canine visceral leishmaniasis? Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 80:103470. [PMID: 32814174 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tellurium compounds have been described as potential leishmanicides, bearing promising leishmanicidal and antimalarial effects. Therefore, the present study investigated the pharmacological potential of the organotellurane compound RF07 through preADMET parameters, such as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. After studying the pharmacokinetic properties of RF07, studies were carried out on dogs naturally infected with visceral leishmaniasis after the administration of RF07, in order to assess pathophysiological parameters. Thus, dogs were divided into 4 groups with administration of daily intraperitoneal injections for 3 weeks (containing RF07 or placebo). During the trial, hematological parameters, renal and hepatic toxicity were evaluated. Serum urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, transaminases (GOT and GPT), as well as hemogram results, were evaluated before the first administration and during the second and third weeks after the start of the treatment. In dogs with VL, RF07 improved liver damage, regulated GPT levels and significantly decreased leukocyte count, promoting its regularization. These phenomena occurred at the end of the third week of treatment. The administration of RF07 promoted a significant decrease in the average levels of GOT and GPT after the third week of treatment and did not significantly alter the hematological parameters. The application of RF07 in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis suggests that it is an alternative to the disease, since the reversal of clinical signs in dogs with VL requires the use of 0.6 mg/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lívia Alves Filgueiras
- Departament of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo L O R Cunha
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sindy V A Rodezno
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim YJ, Park SY. Optical Multisensor Array with Functionalized Photonic Droplets by an Interpenetrating Polymer Network for Human Blood Analysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:47342-47354. [PMID: 33030883 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photonic solid-state cholesteric liquid crystal (CLCsolid) droplets intertwined with a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) network that has an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure (referred to as photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets) were used as individual sensors in the dots of a PAA-patterned array film after functionalization via immobilization of the receptors and a metal-ion treatment. The photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets in the PAA-patterned array film were pH-responsive and showed an observable change in the reflected central color. This "smart" property, coupled with the photonic color response, makes these devices ideal photonic sensors. The immobilization of urease and phenylboronic acid on the PAA network allowed for the application of several 10 μm photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets to the optical photonic biosensors through facilitated volumetric changes in the PAA network in response to urea and glucose analytes, with high selectivity for major components in human serum, acceptable sensitivity for use with human serum, and extreme stability due to a solid-state structure. The blueshift of the reflected color of the KOH-treated photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets could be used for divalent metal-ion detection. The compartmentalized photonic IPN CLCsolid-PAA droplets in the patterned array film could be used for multiple detection applications, as evidenced by the ability to conduct pH, divalent metal ion, urea, and glucose detections in one patterned array film. This new platform opens the door for many interesting applications with numerous combinations of responsive hydrogel matrices and receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Kim
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Park
- School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Polymeric Nano Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Siwinska N, Zak A, Slowikowska M, Niedzwiedz A, Paslawska U. Serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration in healthy horses and horses with acute kidney injury. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:396. [PMID: 33081772 PMCID: PMC7576750 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited options to diagnose acute kidney injury (AKI) in horses. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is routinely used in human and small animal medicine. The aim of this study was to assess serum SDMA concentrations in healthy horses and horses with AKI. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of: 1) age, 2) sex, 3) body weight and 4) serum creatinine and urea levels on serum SDMA concentrations. Fifty-three healthy horses, including 17 foals (2-6 months of age) and 36 adult horses (3-29 years of age), and 23 horses with AKI were included in the study based on history, physical examination, blood analysis, urinalysis and an ultrasonographic examination of the urinary tract. Serum SDMA concentrations were measured using a non-species specific commercial ELISA test. RESULTS In healthy adult horses, the value of SDMA was 0.53 ± 0.14 μmol/L. The value was higher in foals (1.5 ± 0.4 μmol/L, P < 0.001). Horses with AKI had significantly higher concentrations of SDMA compared to healthy horses (1.76 ± 1.05 μmol/L, P < 0.001). In the healthy adult horses, there was no association of sex, age or body weight on SDMA. However, a significant positive relationship was found between serum creatinine and SDMA concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Healthy adult horses had SDMA values similar to those of other species. Foals had higher SDMA values. Therefore, different reference values should be created for them. The study confirmed an increased SDMA in horses with AKI. This, as well as the low influence of extrarenal factors on the SDMA values, may confirm its usefulness in the diagnosis of kidney dysfunction. Higher SDMA values may also indicate a more advanced degree of kidney dysfunction. Further research is required to determine whether SDMA could be used to detect kidney dysfunction in the asymptomatic stage of AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Siwinska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Slowikowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Niedzwiedz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Paslawska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
- Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun ul, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Torun, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Caputo C, Ciabattoni M, Garneri D, Repetto M, Santoni O, Tarroni A, Tosetti F, Vigo EC, Mancuso G. [Multidisciplinary management of a typical case of acute kidney failure in the course of COVID-19 infection]. G Ital Nefrol 2020; 37:37-5-2020-6. [PMID: 33026202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a 68-year-old patient who arrived at the hospital with a fever and a cough for 7 days, a history of high blood pressure and chronic kidney failure stage 2 according to CKD-EPI (GFR: 62 ml/minute with creatinine: 1.2 mg/dl). Home therapy included lercanidipine and clonidine. A chest radiograph performed in the emergency department immediately showed images suggestive of pneumonia from COVID-19, confirmed in the following days by a positive swab for coronavirus. Kidney function parameters progressively deteriorated towards a severe acute kidney failure on the 15th day, with creatinine values of 6.6 mg/dl and urea of 210 mg/dl. The situation was managed first in the intensive care unit with CRRT cycles (continuous renal replacement therapy) and then in a "yellow area" devoted to COVID patients, where the patient was dialyzed by us nephrologists through short cycles of CRRT. In our short experience we have used continuous techniques (CRRT) in positive patients hemodynamically unstable and intermittent dialysis (IRRT) in our stable chronic patients with asymptomatic COVID -19. We found CRRT to be superior in hemodynamically unstable patients hospitalized in resuscitation and in the "yellow area". Dialysis continued with high cut-off filters until the normalization of kidney function; the supportive medical therapy has also improved the course of the pathology and contributed to the favorable outcome for our patient. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our Nephrology Group at Savona's San Paul Hospital has reorganized the department to better manage both chronic dialyzed patients and acute patients affected by the new coronavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Caputo
- S.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi Ospedale San Paolo Savona, Italy
| | | | - Debora Garneri
- S.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi Ospedale San Paolo Savona, Italy
| | - Monica Repetto
- S.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi Ospedale San Paolo Savona, Italy
| | - Oscar Santoni
- S.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi Ospedale San Paolo Savona, Italy
| | - Alice Tarroni
- S.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi Ospedale San Paolo Savona, Italy
| | - Fanny Tosetti
- S.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi Ospedale San Paolo Savona, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Berzuini C, Hannan C, King A, Vail A, O'Leary C, Brough D, Galea J, Ogungbenro K, Wright M, Pathmanaban O, Hulme S, Allan S, Bernardinelli L, Patel HC. Value of dynamic clinical and biomarker data for mortality risk prediction in COVID-19: a multicentre retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041983. [PMID: 32967887 PMCID: PMC7513423 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Being able to predict which patients with COVID-19 are going to deteriorate is important to help identify patients for clinical and research practice. Clinical prediction models play a critical role in this process, but current models are of limited value because they are typically restricted to baseline predictors and do not always use contemporary statistical methods. We sought to explore the benefits of incorporating dynamic changes in routinely measured biomarkers, non-linear effects and applying 'state-of-the-art' statistical methods in the development of a prognostic model to predict death in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. DESIGN The data were analysed from admissions with COVID-19 to three hospital sites. Exploratory data analysis included a graphical approach to partial correlations. Dynamic biomarkers were considered up to 5 days following admission rather than depending solely on baseline or single time-point data. Marked departures from linear effects of covariates were identified by employing smoothing splines within a generalised additive modelling framework. SETTING 3 secondary and tertiary level centres in Greater Manchester, the UK. PARTICIPANTS 392 hospitalised patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19. RESULTS 392 patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis were identified. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased from 0.73 using admission data alone to 0.75 when also considering results of baseline blood samples and to 0.83 when considering dynamic values of routinely collected markers. There was clear non-linearity in the association of age with patient outcome. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that clinical prediction models to predict death in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 can be improved by taking into account both non-linear effects in covariates such as age and dynamic changes in values of biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Berzuini
- Centre for Biostatistics, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Cathal Hannan
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Andrew King
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Andy Vail
- Centre for Biostatistics, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire O'Leary
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Galea
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kayode Ogungbenro
- Department of Pharmacy and Optometry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Megan Wright
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Omar Pathmanaban
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Sharon Hulme
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart Allan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Luisa Bernardinelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hiren C Patel
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li Y, Pi HC, Yang ZK, Dong J. Associations between small and middle molecules clearance and the change of cognitive function in peritoneal dialysis. J Nephrol 2020; 33:839-848. [PMID: 31643008 PMCID: PMC7381472 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-019-00661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uremic toxins have been suspected as potential contributors for cognitive impairment in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, associations between the clearance of serum small and middle molecules and the change of cognitive function were not fully explored and then we explored this issue in the present study. METHOD A total of clinically-stable 222 patients on PD were enrolled and then followed up for 2 years in this single-center prospective cohort study. Small and middle molecules clearances were examined by urea clearance (Kt/V), creatinine clearance (Ccr) and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) clearance via dialysate and urine at baseline and after 2 years. Global and specific cognitive impairment were measured at baseline and after 2 years. Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) was assessed for global cognitive function, trail-making tests A and B for executive function and subtests of the battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status for immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial skills and language ability. RESULTS The median of total Kt/V, Ccr and B2M clearance were 1.89, 53.2 l/w/1.73 m2 and 17.5 l/w/1.73 m2, respectively at baseline. The prevalence of global cognitive impairment was 12.3% for 222 patients and 15.4% for the remained 130 patients after 2 years. At baseline, total Kt/V was independently positively associated with delayed memory function. Total and dialysate beta-2 microglobulin clearance was positively associated with 3MS scores and negatively with completion time on trail A after multivariate adjustment. At 2 years, we observed a significant difference in the changing trend of 3MS scores between groups divided by total B2M clearance (P = 0.033), which still maintained to be meaningful after multivariate adjustment (P = 0.024). Patients with total B2M clearance > 19.0 l/w/1.73 m2 got significant improvement on their 3MS scores (P = 0.005). Patients divided by total Kt/V or Ccr were not significantly different in the trends of general and any specific cognitive function during the follow up. CONCLUSION The higher middle molecules clearance independently correlated to better performance on general cognitive and executive function in PD patients, which also predict an improvement in general cognitive function during the follow up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
- Renal Division, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Chen Pi
- Emergency Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Kai Yang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zaazaa AM, Motelp BAAE, Aniss NND. Potential Protective Role of Rutin and Alpha-lipoic Acid Against Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 22:361-371. [PMID: 31930824 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.361.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is a serious complication that restricts its utilization in cancer treatment. Rutin and alpha-lipoic acid have antioxidant effectiveness, anti-inflammatory efficacy and prevent oxidative stress. Therefore, the current study planned to investigate the potential defensive impacts of rutin and alpha-lipoic acid on cisplatin-induced renal damage in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into seven groups. Rats of group 1: Treated with saline as the control. Group 2: Orally received rutin daily for 2 weeks. Group 3: Rats were orally administered with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) daily for 2 weeks. Group 4: Rats were intraperitoneal (i.p.) injected with cisplatin to develop the acute renal injury. Group 5: Rats injected with cisplatin then treated orally with RT. Group 6: Rats were injected i.p., with cisplatin then treated orally with ALA. Group 7: Rats injected with cisplatin then treated orally with RT and ALA daily for 2 weeks. RESULTS The cisplatin administration to rats induced nephrotoxicity associated with a significant increase in serum urea, creatinine, albumin and significantly reduce haemoglobin and red blood cells count. The animal treated with cisplatin showed a significant increase in the level of renal malondialdehyde associated with reduction in the levels of glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione reductase and catalase compared to control group. Moreover, cisplatin treated group recorded significant increase in nuclear factor kappa B, IL-6 and p53 levels compared to control group. Additionally, histopathological examination showed that cisplatin-induced interstitial congestion, focal mononuclear cell inflammatory, cell infiltrate and acute tubular injury. In correlation with the cisplatin group, Rutin and alpha-lipoic acid ameliorated cisplatin-induction increase in serum urea, creatinine, albumin, oxidative stress and inflammation were observed. Moreover, rutin and alpha-lipoic acid showed an enhancement in haematological and histopathological structures. CONCLUSION These results indicated that rutin and alpha-lipoic acid showed a protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Collapse
|
39
|
Neamatallah T, El-Shitany N, Abbas A, Eid BG, Harakeh S, Ali S, Mousa S. Nano Ellagic Acid Counteracts Cisplatin-Induced Upregulation in OAT1 and OAT3: A Possible Nephroprotection Mechanism. Molecules 2020; 25:E3031. [PMID: 32630784 PMCID: PMC7411712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an anticancer drug commonly used for solid tumors. However, it causes nephrotoxicity. OAT1 and OAT3 are organic anion transporters known to contribute to the uptake of cisplatin into renal tubular cells. The present study was designed to examine the protective role of ellagic acid nanoformulation (ellagic acid nano) on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, and the role of OAT1/OAT3 in this effect. Four groups of male Wistar rats were used (n = 6): (1) control, (2) cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg single dose, intraperitoneal), (3) cisplatin + ellagic acid nano (1 mg/kg), and (4) cisplatin + ellagic acid nano (2 mg/kg). Nephrotoxic rats treated with ellagic acid nano exhibited a significant reduction in elevated serum creatinine, urea, and oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, ellagic acid nano restored renal glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Ellagic acid nano improved the histopathological changes induced by cisplatin, such as tubular dilatation, necrosis, and degeneration. Interestingly, OAT1 and OAT3 showed significantly lower expression at both mRNA and protein levels following ellagic acid nano treatment relative to the cisplatin-exposed group. These findings reveal a potential inhibitory role of ellagic acid antioxidant on OAT1 and OAT3 expression and thus explains its nephroprotective effect against cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thikryat Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (T.N.); (B.G.E.)
| | - Nagla El-Shitany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (T.N.); (B.G.E.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Aymn Abbas
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.H.)
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Gastroenterology Surgery Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt
| | - Basma G. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (T.N.); (B.G.E.)
| | - Steve Harakeh
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.H.)
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Soad Ali
- Anatomy Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaker Mousa
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hejazian SM, Rahbar Saadat Y, Bahmanpour Z, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Ardalan M, Zununi Vahed S. Dicer and Drosha expression in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Biofactors 2020; 46:645-652. [PMID: 32412691 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes play an essential role in the regulation of glomerular filtration and the appropriate function of the kidney. Podocytes injury is involved in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome (NS), a common renal glomerulus dysfunction characterized by proteinuria. Some in vivo studies in Dicer/Drosha knockout mice indicate the importance of Dicer, Drosha, and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of NS. In the present study, the expression levels of Dicer and Drosha along with miR-30 family, miR-186, miR-193, and miR-217 were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples of patients with NS (N = 60) using real-time PCR. Dicer expression level in NS patients was significantly upregulated when compared to healthy controls (p = .008). No significant change was observed in the Drosha expression level in the NS group. Upregulated levels of the studied microRNAs were observed in NS group in comparison to controls, the miR-30c-5p (p = .005) and miR-193-3p (p = .041) were statistically significant. In conclusion, dysregulation in expression level of Dicer and Drosha and consequently, alteration in miRNA levels are involved in the pathophysiology of NS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyedeh Mina Hejazian
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yalda Rahbar Saadat
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahmanpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fukunaga M, Kadowaki D, Mori M, Hagiwara S, Narita Y, Saruwatari J, Tanaka R, Watanabe H, Yamasaki K, Taguchi K, Ito H, Maruyama T, Otagiri M, Hirata S. In vivo evaluation of drug dialyzability in a rat model of hemodialysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233925. [PMID: 32530952 PMCID: PMC7292355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to calculate the drug removal by hemodialysis (HD) for drug dosing regimens in HD patients. However, there are limited and inconsistent information about the dialyzability of drugs by HD. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate drug removal by utilizing a rat model of HD (HD rat) and to extrapolate this result to the drug removal rate in HD patients. HD rats received bilateral nephrectomy and HD for 2 h. The dialysis removal of 6 drugs was evaluated in HD rats. Dialysis efficiency, plasma protein binding rate (PBR) and distribution volume (Vd) of drugs were also measured. Furthermore, we examined the correlation between the dialyzability of drug in HD rats and humans and constructed the prediction formula of the drug dialyzability in HD patients. The clearance of urea and creatinine and normalized dialysis dose in HD rats were 0.83 ± 0.07 mL/min, 0.70 ± 0.08 mL/min, and 0.13 ± 0.06, respectively. The drug dialyzability in HD rats was similar to reported clinical data except for doripenem. A higher correlation was observed between drug dialyzability in reported clinical data and HD rats which were adjusted for PBR (r2 = 0.936; p < 0.001) compared to unadjusted (r2 = 0.812; p = 0.009). Therefore, we constructed the prediction formula of the drug dialyzability in HD patients by utilizing the HD rat model and PBR. This study is useful for evaluating the dialyzability of high-risk drugs in a clinical setting and might provide appropriate preclinical dialyzability data for new drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Fukunaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kadowaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mika Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satomi Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Narita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Ito
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sumio Hirata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Colussi G, Brunati CCM, Gervasi F, Montoli A, Vergani D, Curci F, Minetti E. A simple method for the calculation of dialysis Kt factor as a quantitative measure of removal efficiency of uremic retention solutes: Applicability to high-dialysate vs low-dialysate volume technologies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233331. [PMID: 32469929 PMCID: PMC7259768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialysis urea removal metrics may not translate into proportional removal efficiency of non-urea solutes. We show that the Kt factor (plasma volume totally cleared of any solutes) differentiates removal efficiency of non-urea solutes in different technologies, and can easily be calculated by instant blood-dialysate collections. We performed mass balances of urea, creatinine, phosphorus and beta2-microglobulin by whole dialysate collection in 4 low-flux and 3 high-flux hemodialysis, 2 high-volume post-hemodiafiltration and 7 short-daily dialysis with the NxStage-One system. Instant dialysate/blood determinations were also performed at different times, and Kt was calculated as the product of the D/P ratio by volume of delivered dialysate plus UF. There were significant differences in single session and weekly Kt (whole dialysate and instant calculations) between methodologies, most notably for creatinine, phosphorus and beta2-microglobulin. Urea Kt messured in balance studies was almost equal to that derived from the usual plasma kinetic model-based Daugirdas’ equation (eKt/V) and independent V calculation, indicating full correspondence. Non-urea solute Kt as a fraction of urea Kt (i.e. fractional removal relative to urea) showed significant differences between technologies, indicating non-proportional removal of non-urea solutes and urea. Instant Kt was higher than that in full balances, accounting for concentration disequilibrium between arterial and systemic blood, but measured and calculated quantitative solute removal were equal, as were qualitative Kt comparisons between technologies. Thus, we show that urea metrics may not reliably express removal efficiency of non-urea solutes, as indicated by Kt. Kt can easily be measured without whole dialysate collection, allowing to expand the metrics of dialytic efficiency to almost any non-urea solute removed by dialysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Colussi
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Ambrosiana Clinic-Sacra Famiglia Foundation, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: ,
| | | | - Francesca Gervasi
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Nephrology School, Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Montoli
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Denise Vergani
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Curci
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Minetti
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, ASST GOM Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Giretti I, Correani A, Antognoli L, Monachesi C, Marchionni P, Biagetti C, Bellagamba MP, Cogo P, D'Ascenzo R, Burattini I, Carnielli VP. Blood urea in preterm infants on routine parenteral nutrition: A multiple linear regression analysis. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:153-156. [PMID: 32423698 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood urea is considered a marker of amino acid utilization in preterm infants on routine parenteral nutrition. However, the association between blood urea and intravenous amino acid intake remains debated. AIMS To evaluate the association between blood urea and both nutrition and clinical data, in a large cohort of preterm infants. METHODS Consecutively admitted preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks and a birth weight lower than 1250 g on routine parenteral nutrition from the first hour of life were studied. Clinical and nutrition data collected hourly during the hospitalization were used in multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS We studied 674 patients and 1863 blood urea determinations. Blood urea concentration was positively associated with blood creatinine concentration, intravenous amino acid intake, patent ductus arteriosus and respiratory distress syndrome, and negatively associated with intravenous non-protein energy intakes, daily weight change, gestational age, being small for gestational age, antenatal steroids therapy and reverse flow in the umbilical artery (p < 0.001; R = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS From a nutrition perspective, in our large cohort of small preterm infants blood urea was positively correlated with intravenous amino acid intake and negatively correlated with intravenous non-protein energy intake. This is in line with current knowledge in human physiology and suggest that a reduction of intravenous amino acid intake based on blood urea concentrations was justified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Giretti
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I - G. M. Lancisi - G. Salesi, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessio Correani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Antognoli
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I - G. M. Lancisi - G. Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Monachesi
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I - G. M. Lancisi - G. Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchionni
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Biagetti
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Bellagamba
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Cogo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Rita D'Ascenzo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Burattini
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Virgilio P Carnielli
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I - G. M. Lancisi - G. Salesi, Ancona, Italy; Division of Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche and Salesi Children's Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sulistyani N, Nurkhasanah . Screening of anticancer, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of ethanol extract of Elephantopus scaber L. Pak J Pharm Sci 2020; 33:901-907. [PMID: 33191211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
7.12-dimethylbenz (α)anthracene (DMBA) is a carcinogenic compound. It is metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzyme into 7.12-dimethylbenz (α) anthracene-3.4-diol-1.2-epoxide (DMBA-DE) which is more reactive and can damage the hepatic cell. Furthermore, DMBA also can damage the kidneys and cause Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation resulting in oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the activity of Elephantopus scaber L as anticancer, hepatoprotector and nephroprotector. Forty female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into five groups: One control group and four treatment groups. Treatment group II was given 20mg/kg body weight (BW) of DMBA. Groups III, IV, and V were given DMBA and E. scaber extract at 50mg/kg BW, 100mg/kg BW and 200mg/kgBW, respectively. Those treatments were orally administered for 5 weeks. Week 6-15 is a time to observe the appearance of nodules and body weight. At the beginning of the 16th week, blood was collected to calculate the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea and creatinine. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA method with 95% confidence level. Based on the AUC value, body weight showed no significant difference in each group (p>0.05). The highest potential for tumor inhibition was obtained at the dose of 200mg/kg BW. The results of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine levels showed a significant difference between all dose treatment groups with negative controls (p<0.05). Ethanol extract of E. scaber possibly inhibits the appearance of nodules, protects liver and kidneys cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanik Sulistyani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - - Nurkhasanah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of berberine (BBR) against D-galactose (D-gal)-induced renal aging in rats, pointing to its ability to modulate phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN)/Akt signalling, and to attenuate oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Renal aging was induced by subcutaneous injection of D-gal for six consecutive weeks along with simultaneous oral administration of BBR and compared to control rats and rats received individual doses of either drug. BBR treatment significantly reduced the serum levels of urea and creatinine, retrieved the alterations in kidney histopathology, and restored redox balance evidenced by alleviations of the level of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and activating heme oxygenase-1 enzyme. Moreover, it markedly reduced the serum levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, along with down-regulation of PTEN expression, enhanced Akt activity, as well as significantly higher immunostaining of the anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-2). These findings hold a great promise for the use of BBR as a protecting agent against renal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Duaa Samir Helal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histopathology,Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Olusola BA, Kabelitz D, Olaleye DO, Odaibo GN. Early HIV infection is associated with reduced proportions of gamma delta T subsets as well as high creatinine and urea levels. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12868. [PMID: 32052490 PMCID: PMC7335456 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Renal dysfunctions are major predictors of co-morbidities and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. Unconventional T cells have been shown to regulate kidney functions. However, there is dearth of information on the effect of HIV-associated nephropathies on γδ and DN T cells. It is also not clear whether γδ T cell perturbations observed during the early stages of HIV infection occur before immune activation. In this study, we investigated the relationship between creatinine and urea on the number of unconventional T cells in HIV-infected individuals at the early and chronic stages of infection. Persons in the chronic stage of infection were divided into treatment naïve and exposed groups. Treatment exposed individuals were further subdivided into groups with undetectable and detectable HIV-1RNA in their blood. Creatinine and urea levels were significantly higher among persons in the early HIV infection compared with the other groups. Proportions of γδ T, γδ + CD8, γδ + CD16 cells were also significantly reduced in the early stage of HIV infection (P < .01). Markers of immune activation, CD4 + HLA-DR and CD8 + HLA-DR, were also significantly reduced during early HIV infection (P < .01). Taken together, our findings suggest that high levels of renal markers as well as reduced proportions of gamma delta T cells are associated with the early stages of HIV infection. This event likely occurs before systemic immune activation reaches peak levels. This study provides evidence for the need for early HIV infection diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde A. Olusola
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of
Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, UKSH Campus Kiel,
Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - David O. Olaleye
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of
Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Georgina N. Odaibo
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of
Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Belay G, Teklehaymanot G, Gebremariam G, Kaleaye K, Haileslasie H, Gebremichail G, Tesfanchal B, Kahsu G, Berhe B, Tesfay K, Legesse L, Gebretsadik A, Wolde M, Tsegaye A. Community based reference interval of selected clinical chemistry parameters among apparently healthy Adolescents in Mekelle City, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231017. [PMID: 32255772 PMCID: PMC7138298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locally established clinical laboratory reference intervals (RIs) are required to interpret laboratory test results for screening, diagnosis and prognosis. The objective of this study was establishing reference interval of clinical chemistry parameters among apparently healthy adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years in Mekelle, Tigrai, northern part of Ethiopia. METHODS Community based cross sectional study was employed from December 2018 to March 2019 in Mekelle city among 172 males and 172 females based on Multi stage sampling technique. Blood samples were tested for Fasting blood sugar (FBS), alanine aminino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin (ALB), direct and indirect bilirubin (BIL.D and BIL.T) using 25 Bio system clinical chemistry analyzer. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and based on the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI)/ International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) C 28-A3 Guideline which defines the reference interval as the 95% central range of 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. Mann Whitney U test, descriptive statistics and box and whisker were statistical tools used for analysis. RESULTS This study observed statistically significant differences between males and females in ALP, ALT, AST, Urea and Creatinine Reference intervals. The established reference intervals for males and females, respectively, were: ALP (U/L) 79.48-492.12 versus 63.56-253.34, ALT (U/L) 4.54-23.69 versus 5.1-20.03, AST 15.7-39.1 versus 13.3-28.5, Urea (mg/dL) 9.33-24.99 versus 7.43-23.11, and Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.393-0.957 versus 0.301-0.846. The combined RIs for Total Protein (g/dL) was 6.08-7.85, ALB (g/dL) 4.42-5.46, FBS(mg/dL) 65-110, BIL.D (mg/dL) 0.033-0.532, and BIL.T (mg/dL) 0.106-0.812. CONCLUSIONS The result showed marked difference among sex and with the company derived values for selected clinical chemistry parameters. Thus, use of age and sex specific locally established reference intervals for clinical chemistry parameters is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Belay
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Gebreyohanes Teklehaymanot
- Unit of Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Gebreslassie Gebremariam
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Kelali Kaleaye
- Laboratory Diagnostic, Research and Quality Assurance Directorate, Tigrai Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Hagos Haileslasie
- Unit of Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremedhin Gebremichail
- Unit of Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Tesfanchal
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Kahsu
- Unit of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Berhe
- Unit of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medcine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Tesfay
- Unit of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medcine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Lemlem Legesse
- Laboratory Diagnostic, Research and Quality Assurance Directorate, Tigrai Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Ataklti Gebretsadik
- Laboratory Diagnostic, Research and Quality Assurance Directorate, Tigrai Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Mistire Wolde
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aster Tsegaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Haberman D, Chernin G, Meledin V, Zikry M, Shuvy M, Gandelman G, Goland S, George J, Shimoni S. Urea level is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230002. [PMID: 32160250 PMCID: PMC7065786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease in the western world. Various factors are related to severe AS prognosis, including chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of urea level in patients with severe AS. Methods We prospectively enrolled 142 patients (79.1±9.4 years, 88 women) with severe AS (mean valve area 0.67± 0.17 cm2). Clinical assessment, blood tests and echocardiography were performed at enrollment and follow up. The patient population was divided into low and high urea level groups, according to the median urea level at enrollment (72 patients, mean urea 35.5±6.2 mg/dL and 70 patients, mean urea 61.1±17.8 mg/dL, respectively). Hundred and twelve patients (79%) underwent aortic valve intervention. The primary endpoint was all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Outcomes During follow-up of 37±19.5 months, 56 (37.1%) patients died, 39 due to cardiovascular causes. In univariate analysis, age, urea level, creatinine, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and aortic valve intervention were associated with all-cause mortality. However, in multivariate analysis only aortic valve intervention and blood urea were independent predictors of all-cause mortality (HR 0.494; 95% CI 0.226–0.918, P = 0.026 and HR 1.015; 95% CI 1.003–1.029, P = 0.046 respectively). Urea level, NYHA class and age were also significant predictors of cardiovascular mortality. Whereas, in multivariate analysis, only urea level predicted cardiovascular mortality in these patients (HR 1.017; CI 1.003–1.031 P = 0.019). Conclusions Blood urea, a generally readily available and routinely determined marker of renal function, is an independent prognostic factor in patients with severe AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Haberman
- The Heart Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Gil Chernin
- Nephrology Department Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Valery Meledin
- The Heart Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Meital Zikry
- The Heart Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mony Shuvy
- Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gera Gandelman
- The Heart Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sorel Goland
- The Heart Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob George
- The Heart Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sara Shimoni
- The Heart Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Monzani A, Crespi I, Genoni G, Edefonti A, Montini G, Bellomo G, Ferrero F, Bellone S, Prodam F. Kidney-Detrimental Factors and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Preterm Newborns: The Role of Nutrition. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030651. [PMID: 32121201 PMCID: PMC7146188 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Background: Kidney function in preterm newborns may be impaired by many factors. METHODS 71 newborns with gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks were enrolled. Serum creatinine (sCr), cystatin C (CysC), beta-trace protein (BTP) and urea were measured at T0 (3rd day of life) and T36 (GA 36 weeks), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to different formulas at T36. Pre-natal and post-natal kidney injury risk scores were calculated. RESULTS Newborns with GA ≤ 28 weeks had higher sCr at T0, and lower sCr, BTP and higher urea levels at T36 (p = 0.007, p = 0.005 and p = 0.029, respectively). eGFR values were not different according to GA when calculated by the formulas using only CysC, but were higher in subjects with GA ≤ 28 weeks according to the other formulas. The post-natal score was positively correlated with eGFR according to sCr-based formulas, but the correlations did not persist when adjusted for urea levels and GA. CONCLUSIONS CysC-based eGFR values are not influenced by GA. Post-natal score shows a direct correlation with eGFR according to sCr-based formulas, not persisting after adjustment for GA and urea levels, implying the importance of the nutritional status, since more premature subjects receive a more aggressive nutritional regimen, testified by higher urea levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Monzani
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Ilaria Crespi
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Genoni
- Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-03213732150; Fax: +39-03213733598
| | - Alberto Edefonti
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.E.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.E.); (G.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bellomo
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Federica Ferrero
- Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Simonetta Bellone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (A.M.); (S.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wojszel ZB. What Serum Sodium Concentration Is Suggestive for Underhydration in Geriatric Patients? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020496. [PMID: 32075211 PMCID: PMC7071156 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration is a concern among aging populations and can result in hospitalization and other adverse outcomes. There is a need to establish simple measures that can help in detecting low-intake dehydration (underhydration) in geriatric patients. The predictive performance of sodium, urea, glucose, and potassium to discriminate between patients with and without underhydration was evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of data collected during the cross-sectional study of patients admitted to the geriatric ward. A total of 358 participants, for whom osmolarity could be calculated with the Khajuria and Krahn equation, were recruited to the study. Impending underhydration (osmolarity > 295 mmol/L) was diagnosed in 58.4% of cases. Serum sodium, urea, fasting glucose, and potassium (individual components of the equation) were significantly higher in dehydrated participants. The largest ROC area of 0.88 was obtained for sodium, and the value 140 mMol/L was found as the best cut-off value, with the highest sensitivity (0.80; 95% CI: 0.74–0.86) and specificity (0.83; 95% CI: 0.75–0.88) for prediction of underhydration. The ROC areas of urea, glucose, and potassium were significantly lower. Serum sodium equal to 140 mmol/L or higher appeared to be suggestive of impending underhydration in geriatric patients. This could be considered as the first-step screening procedure for detecting underhydration in older adults in general practice, especially when limited resources restrict the possibility of more in-depth biochemical assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zyta Beata Wojszel
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical University of Bialystok, Fabryczna str. 27, 15-471 Bialystok, Poland; ; Tel.: +48-85-869-4982
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in Bialystok, Fabryczna str.27, 15-471 Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|