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Yildirim N, Sarojam L, Smith VM, Pieper NM, Anders M, Jackson RA, Fuhrmann DC, Särchen V, Brücher D, Weigert A, Dyer MJS, Vogler M. Identification of a novel form of caspase-independent cell death triggered by BH3-mimetics in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:266. [PMID: 38622118 PMCID: PMC11018778 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BH3-mimetics represent promising anti-cancer agents in tumors that rely on the anti-apoptotic function of B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL2) proteins, particularly in leukemia and lymphoma cells primed for apoptosis. Mechanistically, BH3-mimetics may displace pro-apoptotic binding partners thus inducing BAX/BAK-mediated mitochondrial permeabilization followed by cytochrome c release, activation of the caspase cascade and apoptosis. Here, we describe a novel mode of caspase-independent cell death (CICD) induced by BH3-mimetics in a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. Of note, rather than occurring via necroptosis, CICD induced immediately after mitochondrial permeabilization was associated with transcriptional reprogramming mediated by activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling and Activator Protein 1 (AP1). Thereby, CICD resulted in the JNK/AP1-mediated upregulation of inflammatory chemokines and increased migration of cytotoxic Natural Killer (NK) cells. Taken together, our study describes a novel mode of CICD triggered by BH3-mimetics that may alter the immune response towards dying cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahide Yildirim
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lakshmi Sarojam
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Victoria M Smith
- The Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nadja M Pieper
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marius Anders
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ross A Jackson
- The Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Dominik C Fuhrmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Särchen
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniela Brücher
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin J S Dyer
- The Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Meike Vogler
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Sovilj D, Kelemen CD, Dvorakova S, Zobalova R, Raabova H, Kriska J, Hermanova Z, Knotek T, Anderova M, Klener P, Filimonenko V, Neuzil J, Andera L. Cell-specific modulation of mitochondrial respiration and metabolism by the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bak. Apoptosis 2024; 29:424-438. [PMID: 38001340 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Proteins from the Bcl-2 family play an essential role in the regulation of apoptosis. However, they also possess cell death-unrelated activities that are less well understood. This prompted us to study apoptosis-unrelated activities of the Bax and Bak, pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. We prepared Bax/Bak-deficient human cancer cells of different origin and found that while respiration in the glioblastoma U87 Bax/Bak-deficient cells was greatly enhanced, respiration of Bax/Bak-deficient B lymphoma HBL-2 cells was slightly suppressed. Bax/Bak-deficient U87 cells also proliferated faster in culture, formed tumours more rapidly in mice, and showed modulation of metabolism with a considerably increased NAD+/NADH ratio. Follow-up analyses documented increased/decreased expression of mitochondria-encoded subunits of respiratory complexes and stabilization/destabilization of the mitochondrial transcription elongation factor TEFM in Bax/Bak-deficient U87 and HBL-2 cells, respectively. TEFM downregulation using shRNAs attenuated mitochondrial respiration in Bax/Bak-deficient U87 as well as in parental HBL-2 cells. We propose that (post)translational regulation of TEFM levels in Bax/Bak-deficient cells modulates levels of subunits of mitochondrial respiratory complexes that, in turn, contribute to respiration and the accompanying changes in metabolism and proliferation in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Sovilj
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Daniela Kelemen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Dvorakova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Raabova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kriska
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hermanova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Knotek
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlada Filimonenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Ladislav Andera
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Ludwik KA, Hellwig L, Fisch T, Contzen J, Schaar C, Mergenthaler P, Stachelscheid H. Generation of two human induced pluripotent stem cell lines with BAX and BAK1 double knock-out using CRISPR/Cas9. Stem Cell Res 2024; 76:103377. [PMID: 38460306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and Blc-2 homologous antagonist killer 1 (BAK) are two pro-apoptotic members of BCL2 family. Here, two BAX/BAK double knock-out human induced pluripotent stem cell lines (iPSC) we generated using CRISPR-Cas9 to generate apoptosis incompetent cell lines. The resulting cell lines were karyotypically normal, had typical morphology and expressed typical markers for the undifferentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Anna Ludwik
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Hellwig
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Dept of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Fisch
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Contzen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Dept of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Schaar
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mergenthaler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Dept of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Gong Q, Wang H, Zhou M, Zhou L, Wang R, Li Y. B-cell lymphoma-2 family proteins in the crosshairs: Small molecule inhibitors and activators for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:707-737. [PMID: 37983840 DOI: 10.1002/med.21999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family of proteins plays a crucial role in the regulation of apoptosis, offering a dual mechanism for its control. Numerous studies have established a strong association between gene disorders of these proteins and the proliferation of diverse cancer cell types. Consequently, the identification and development of drugs targeting BCL-2 family proteins have emerged as a prominent area in antitumor therapy. Over the last two decades, several small-molecules have been designed to modulate the protein-protein interactions between anti- and proapoptotic BCL-2 proteins, effectively suppressing tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. The primary focus of research has been on developing BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3) mimetics to target antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins, thereby competitively releasing proapoptotic BCL-2 proteins and restoring the blocked intrinsic apoptotic program. Additionally, for proapoptotic BCL-2 proteins, exogenous small molecules have been explored to activate cell apoptosis by directly interacting with executioner proteins such as BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) or BCL-2 homologous antagonist/killer protein (BAK). In this comprehensive review, we summarize the inhibitors and activators (sensitizers) of BCL-2 family proteins developed over the past decades, highlighting their discovery, optimization, preclinical and clinical status, and providing an overall landscape of drug development targeting these proteins for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qineng Gong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Renxiao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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5
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Ergul M, Kilic-Kurt Z, Aka Y, Kutuk O, Sahin-Inan ZD. The mechanism of anticancer effects of some pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives on HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105757. [PMID: 38061602 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the mechanism of anticancer activity of some pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives was evaluated. Compounds 5 and 8 exhibiting significant antiproliferative activity against HT-29 cells with IC50 values of 4.17 μM and 2.96, arrested the cells at the G2/M phase and significantly induced apoptosis. The apoptotic potential of the compounds has been verified via ELISA assay, which resulted in increased BAX, PUMA, BIM, and cleaved caspase 3 expression and decreased BCL-XL and MCL-1 protein levels in HT-29 cells. Moreover, the immunofluorescence technique showing that compounds 5 and 8-treatment reduced Ki67 immunolocalization and increased the caspase 3 and p53 immunolocalization confirmed the apoptotic activity. While treatment of HT-29 cells to compounds 5 and 8 inhibited Akt and ERK1/2, there are no alterations in JNK and p38 signaling pathways. According to molecular docking results, compounds 5 and 8 occupied the active site of Akt kinase and showed important hydrogen bonding interactions with key amino acids. Also, siRNA-mediated depletion of BIM, PUMA, and BAX/BAK expression decreased apoptotic response in HT-29 cells upon exposure to compound 5 and compound 8. Compounds 5 and 8 trigger the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis in HT-29 cells. Additionally, we found that proapoptotic BH3-only proteins BIM and PUMA are required for the full engagement of mitochondrial apoptosis signaling. However, p53 was dispensable for compound 5- or compound 8-induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ergul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Kilic-Kurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yeliz Aka
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kutuk
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Deniz Sahin-Inan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Wei L, Feng Z, Dou Q, Tan L, Zhao X, Hao B. Dysregulation of MTFR2, ATP5IF1 and BAK1 in Sertoli cells relates to idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia via inhibiting mitochondrial fission and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:408-418. [PMID: 37903059 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia affects more than 10% of infertile men with over 70% patients are idiopathic with uncharacterized molecular mechanisms, which is referred as idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia. In this study, we checked the morphology of Sertoli cell mitochondria in testis biopsies from patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia and patients with obstructive azoospermia who have normal spermiogenesis. The expression of 104 genes controlling mitochondria fission and fusion were analyzed in three gene expression datasets including a total of 60 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. The levels of 7 candidate genes were detected in testis biopsies from 38 patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia and 24 patients with obstructive azoospermia who have normal spermatogenesis by RT-qPCR. Cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondria membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate production, oxygen consumption, and mitochondria morphology were examined in primary human Sertoli cells. Mouse spermatogonial stem cells were used to detect the cell supporting capacity of Sertoli cells. We observed that patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia had elongated mitochondria. MTFR2 and ATP5IF1 were downregulated, whereas BAK1 was upregulated in idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia testis and Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells from patients with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia had reduced viability, mitochondria membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate production, oxygen consumption rate, glycolysis and increased apoptosis. Knockdown MTFR2 in Sertoli cells increased the mitochondria size. Knockdown ATP5IF1 did not change mitochondrial morphology but increased adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis. Overexpression of BAK1 reduced membrane potential and upregulated cell apoptosis. The dysregulation of all these three genes contributed to the dysfunction of Sertoli cells, which provides a clue for idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wei
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zonggang Feng
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qian Dou
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Tan
- Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bin Hao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Lim D, Jeong DE, Shin HC, Choi JS, Seo J, Kim SJ, Ku B. Crystal structure of Bak bound to the BH3 domain of Bnip5, a noncanonical BH3 domain-containing protein. Proteins 2024; 92:44-51. [PMID: 37553948 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The activation or inactivation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) antagonist/killer (Bak) is critical for controlling mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization-dependent apoptosis. Its pro-apoptotic activity is controlled by intermolecular interactions with the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain, which is accommodated in the hydrophobic pocket of Bak. Bcl-2-interacting protein 5 (Bnip5) is a noncanonical BH3 domain-containing protein that interacts with Bak. Bnip5 is characterized by its controversial effects on the regulation of the pro-apoptotic activity of Bak. In the present study, we determined the crystal structure of Bak bound to Bnip5 BH3. The intermolecular association appeared to be typical at first glance, but we found that it is maintained by tight hydrophobic interactions together with hydrogen/ionic bonds, which accounts for their high binding affinity with a dissociation constant of 775 nM. Structural analysis of the complex showed that Bnip5 interacts with Bak in a manner similar to that of the Bak-activating pro-apoptotic factor peroxisomal testis-enriched protein 1, particularly in the destabilization of the intramolecular electrostatic network of Bak. Our structure is considered to reflect the initial point of drastic and consecutive conformational and stoichiometric changes in Bak induced by Bnip5 BH3, which helps in explaining the effects of Bnip5 in regulating Bak-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahwan Lim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Jeong
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Seo
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonsu Ku
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Qin D, Jia XF, Hanna A, Lee J, Pekson R, Elrod JW, Calvert JW, Frangogiannis NG, Kitsis RN. BAK contributes critically to necrosis and infarct generation during reperfused myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 184:1-12. [PMID: 37709008 PMCID: PMC10841630 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
At least seven cell death programs are activated during myocardial infarction (MI), but which are most important in causing heart damage is not understood. Two of these programs are mitochondrial-dependent necrosis and apoptosis. The canonical function of the pro-cell death BCL-2 family proteins BAX and BAK is to mediate permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane during apoptosis allowing apoptogen release. BAX has also been shown to sensitize cells to mitochondrial-dependent necrosis, although the underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined. Genetic deletion of Bax or both Bax and Bak in mice reduces infarct size following reperfused myocardial infarction (MI/R), but the contribution of BAK itself to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis and infarction has not been investigated. In this study, we use Bak-deficient mice and isolated adult cardiomyocytes to delineate the role of BAK in the pathogenesis of infarct generation and post-infarct remodeling during MI/R and non-reperfused MI. Generalized homozygous deletion of Bak reduced infarct size ∼50% in MI/R in vivo, which was attributable primarily to decreases in necrosis. Protection from necrosis was also observed in BAK-deficient isolated cardiomyocytes suggesting that the cardioprotection from BAK loss in vivo is at least partially cardiomyocyte-autonomous. Interestingly, heterozygous Bak deletion, in which the heart still retains ∼28% of wild type BAK levels, reduced infarct size to a similar extent as complete BAK absence. In contrast to MI/R, homozygous Bak deletion did not attenuate acute infarct size or long-term scar size, post-infarct remodeling, cardiac dysfunction, or mortality in non-reperfused MI. We conclude that BAK contributes significantly to cardiomyocyte necrosis and infarct generation during MI/R, while its absence does not appear to impact the pathogenesis of non-reperfused MI. These observations suggest BAK may be a therapeutic target for MI/R and that even partial pharmacological antagonism may provide benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Qin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Xiaotong F Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Anis Hanna
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Ryan Pekson
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - John W Elrod
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - John W Calvert
- Department of Surgery Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America; Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America.
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Mentel M, Illová M, Krajčovičová V, Kroupová G, Mannová Z, Chovančíková P, Polčic P. Yeast Bax Inhibitor (Bxi1p/Ybh3p) Is Not Required for the Action of Bcl-2 Family Proteins on Cell Viability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12011. [PMID: 37569387 PMCID: PMC10419234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Permeabilization of mitochondrial membrane by proteins of the BCL-2 family is a key decisive event in the induction of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Although yeast does not have homologs of the BCL-2 family, when these are expressed in yeast, they modulate the survival of cells in a way that corresponds to their activity in mammalian cells. The yeast gene, alternatively referred to as BXI1 or YBH3, encodes for membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that was, contradictorily, shown to either inhibit Bax or to be required for Bax activity. We have tested the effect of the deletion of this gene on the pro-apoptotic activity of Bax and Bak and the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, as well on survival after treatment with inducers of regulated cell death in yeast, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. While deletion resulted in increased sensitivity to acetic acid, it did not affect the sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide nor to BCL-2 family members. Thus, our results do not support any model in which the activity of BCL-2 family members is directly affected by BXI1 but rather indicate that it may participate in modulating survival in response to some specific forms of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Polčic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina CH1, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Valentini E, Di Martile M, Brignone M, Di Caprio M, Manni I, Chiappa M, Sergio I, Chiacchiarini M, Bazzichetto C, Conciatori F, D'Aguanno S, D'Angelo C, Ragno R, Russillo M, Colotti G, Marchesi F, Bellone ML, Dal Piaz F, Felli MP, Damia G, Del Bufalo D. Bcl-2 family inhibitors sensitize human cancer models to therapy. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:441. [PMID: 37460459 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BH3 mimetics, targeting the Bcl-2 family anti-apoptotic proteins, represent a promising therapeutic opportunity in cancers. ABT-199, the first specific Bcl-2 inhibitor, was approved by FDA for the treatment of several hematological malignancies. We have recently discovered IS21, a novel pan BH3 mimetic with preclinical antitumor activity in several tumor types. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of IS21 and other BH3 mimetics, both as single agents and combined with the currently used antineoplastic agents in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ovarian cancer, and melanoma. IS21 was found to be active in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, melanoma, lung, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer cell lines. Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 protein levels predicted IS21 sensitivity in melanoma and ovarian cancer, respectively. Exploring IS21 mechanism of action, we found that IS21 activity depends on the presence of BAX and BAK proteins: complexes between Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins and their main binding partners were reduced after IS21 treatment. In combination experiments, BH3 mimetics sensitized leukemia cells to chemotherapy, ovarian cancer cells and melanoma models to PARP and MAPK inhibitors, respectively. We showed that this enhancing effect was related to the potentiation of the apoptotic pathway, both in hematologic and solid tumors. In conclusion, our data suggest the use of inhibitors of anti-apoptotic proteins as a therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Valentini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Brignone
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marica Di Caprio
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Manni
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Chiappa
- Laboratory of Gynecological Preclinical Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Sergio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Chiacchiarini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Bazzichetto
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona D'Aguanno
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen D'Angelo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Russillo
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Marchesi
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Gynecological Preclinical Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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11
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Pourzia AL, Olson ML, Bailey SR, Boroughs AC, Aryal A, Ryan J, Maus MV, Letai A. Quantifying requirements for mitochondrial apoptosis in CAR T killing of cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:267. [PMID: 37055388 PMCID: PMC10101951 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an FDA-approved treatment for several hematologic malignancies, yet not all patients respond to this treatment. While some resistance mechanisms have been identified, cell death pathways in target cancer cells remain underexplored. Impairing mitochondrial apoptosis via knockout of Bak and Bax, forced Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression, or caspase inhibition protected several tumor models from CAR T killing. However, impairing mitochondrial apoptosis in two liquid tumor cell lines did not protect target cells from CAR T killing. We found that whether a cell was Type I or Type II in response to death ligands explained the divergence of these results, so that mitochondrial apoptosis was dispensable for CART killing of cells that were Type I but not Type II. This suggests that the apoptotic signaling induced by CAR T cells bears important similarities to that induced by drugs. Combinations of drug and CAR T therapies will therefore require tailoring to the specific cell death pathways activated by CAR T cells in different types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Pourzia
- Harvard Medical School MD-PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanford Internal Medicine Residency, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Olson
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefanie R Bailey
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela C Boroughs
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- ArsenalBio, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aditi Aryal
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Ryan
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anthony Letai
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Gonzalo Ó, Benedi A, Vela L, Anel A, Naval J, Marzo I. Study of the Bcl-2 Interactome by BiFC Reveals Differences in the Activation Mechanism of Bax and Bak. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050800. [PMID: 36899936 PMCID: PMC10000386 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion of apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Proteins of the Bcl-2 family are key regulators of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, and alterations in some of these proteins are frequently found in cancer cells. Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane, regulated by pro- and antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, is essential for the release of apoptogenic factors leading to caspase activation, cell dismantlement, and death. Mitochondrial permeabilization depends on the formation of oligomers of the effector proteins Bax and Bak after an activation event mediated by BH3-only proteins and regulated by antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. In the present work, we have studied interactions between different members of the Bcl-2 family in living cells via the BiFC technique. Despite the limitations of this technique, present data suggest that native proteins of the Bcl-2 family acting inside living cells establish a complex network of interactions, which would fit nicely into "mixed" models recently proposed by others. Furthermore, our results point to differences in the regulation of Bax and Bak activation by proteins of the antiapoptotic and BH3-only subfamilies. We have also applied the BiFC technique to explore the different molecular models proposed for Bax and Bak oligomerization. Bax and Bak's mutants lacking the BH3 domain were still able to associate and give BiFC signals, suggesting the existence of alternative surfaces of interaction between two Bax or Bak molecules. These results agree with the widely accepted symmetric model for the dimerization of these proteins and also suggest that other regions, different from the α6 helix, could be involved in the oligomerization of BH3-in groove dimers.
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13
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Aguilar F, Yu S, Grant RA, Swanson S, Ghose D, Su BG, Sarosiek KA, Keating AE. Peptides from human BNIP5 and PXT1 and non-native binders of pro-apoptotic BAK can directly activate or inhibit BAK-mediated membrane permeabilization. Structure 2023; 31:265-281.e7. [PMID: 36706751 PMCID: PMC9992319 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is important for development and tissue homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to diseases, including cancer. As an apoptotic effector, BAK undergoes conformational changes that promote mitochondrial outer membrane disruption, leading to cell death. This is termed "activation" and can be induced by peptides from the human proteins BID, BIM, and PUMA. To identify additional peptides that can regulate BAK, we used computational protein design, yeast surface display screening, and structure-based energy scoring to identify 10 diverse new binders. We discovered peptides from the human proteins BNIP5 and PXT1 and three non-native peptides that activate BAK in liposome assays and induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Crystal structures and binding studies reveal a high degree of similarity among peptide activators and inhibitors, ruling out a simple function-determining property. Our results shed light on the vast peptide sequence space that can regulate BAK function and will guide the design of BAK-modulating tools and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Aguilar
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stacey Yu
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Grant
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Swanson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dia Ghose
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bonnie G Su
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy E Keating
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Dai H, Peterson KL, Flatten KS, Meng XW, Venkatachalam A, Correia C, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Pang YP, Kaufmann SH. A BAK subdomain that binds mitochondrial lipids selectively and releases cytochrome C. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:794-808. [PMID: 36376382 PMCID: PMC9984382 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
How BAK and BAX induce mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeabilization (MOMP) during apoptosis is incompletely understood. Here we have used molecular dynamics simulations, surface plasmon resonance, and assays for membrane permeabilization in vitro and in vivo to assess the structure and function of selected BAK subdomains and their derivatives. Results of these studies demonstrate that BAK helical regions α5 and α6 bind the MOM lipid cardiolipin. While individual peptides corresponding to these helical regions lack the full biological activity of BAK, tandem peptides corresponding to α4-α5, α5-α6, or α6-α7/8 can localize exogenous proteins to mitochondria, permeabilize liposomes composed of MOM lipids, and cause MOMP in the absence of the remainder of the BAK protein. Importantly, the ability of these tandem helices to induce MOMP under cell-free conditions is diminished by mutations that disrupt the U-shaped helix-turn-helix structure of the tandem peptides or decrease their lipid binding. Likewise, BAK-induced apoptosis in intact cells is diminished by CLS1 gene interruption, which decreases mitochondrial cardiolipin content, or by BAK mutations that disrupt the U-shaped tandem peptide structure or diminish lipid binding. Collectively, these results suggest that BAK structural rearrangements during apoptosis might mobilize helices involved in specific protein-lipid interactions that are critical for MOMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Dai
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Kevin L Peterson
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Karen S Flatten
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - X Wei Meng
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Cristina Correia
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Yuan-Ping Pang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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15
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Shalaby R, Diwan A, Flores-Romero H, Hertlein V, Garcia-Saez AJ. Visualization of BOK pores independent of BAX and BAK reveals a similar mechanism with differing regulation. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:731-741. [PMID: 36289446 PMCID: PMC9607731 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01078-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BOK is a poorly understood member of the BCL-2 family of proteins that has been proposed to function as a pro-apoptotic, BAX-like effector. However, the molecular mechanism and structural properties of BOK pores remain enigmatic. Here, we show that the thermal stability and pore activity of BOK depends on the presence of its C-terminus as well as on the mitochondrial lipid cardiolipin. We directly visualized BOK pores in liposomes by electron microscopy, which appeared similar to those induced by BAX, in line with comparable oligomerization properties quantified by single molecule imaging. In addition, super-resolution STED imaging revealed that BOK organized into dots and ring-shaped assemblies in apoptotic mitochondria, also reminiscent of those found for BAX and BAK. Yet, unlike BAX and BAK, the apoptotic activity of BOK was limited by partial mitochondrial localization and was independent of and unaffected by other BCL-2 proteins. These results suggest that, while BOK activity is kept in check by subcellular localization instead of interaction with BCL-2 family members, the resulting pores are structurally similar to those of BAX and BAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Shalaby
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arzoo Diwan
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hector Flores-Romero
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vanessa Hertlein
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana J Garcia-Saez
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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16
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Huang AS, Chin HS, Reljic B, Djajawi TM, Tan IKL, Gong JN, Stroud DA, Huang DCS, van Delft MF, Dewson G. Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCHF5 controls BAK apoptotic activity independently of BH3-only proteins. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:632-646. [PMID: 36171332 PMCID: PMC9984372 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic apoptosis is principally governed by the BCL-2 family of proteins, but some non-BCL-2 proteins are also critical to control this process. To identify novel apoptosis regulators, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 library screen, and it identified the mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCHF5/MITOL/RNF153 as an important regulator of BAK apoptotic function. Deleting MARCHF5 in diverse cell lines dependent on BAK conferred profound resistance to BH3-mimetic drugs. The loss of MARCHF5 or its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity surprisingly drove BAK to adopt an activated conformation, with resistance to BH3-mimetics afforded by the formation of inhibitory complexes with pro-survival proteins MCL-1 and BCL-XL. Importantly, these changes to BAK conformation and pro-survival association occurred independently of BH3-only proteins and influence on pro-survival proteins. This study identifies a new mechanism by which MARCHF5 regulates apoptotic cell death by restraining BAK activating conformation change and provides new insight into how cancer cells respond to BH3-mimetic drugs. These data also highlight the emerging role of ubiquitin signalling in apoptosis that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Shuai Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Hui San Chin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Boris Reljic
- Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Tirta M Djajawi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Iris K L Tan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jia-Nan Gong
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Disease, Beijing, China
| | - David A Stroud
- Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - David C S Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark F van Delft
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Grant Dewson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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17
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Wolf P, Schoeniger A, Edlich F. Pro-apoptotic complexes of BAX and BAK on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2022; 1869:119317. [PMID: 35752202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms the regulated cell death apoptosis is critically important for both ontogeny and homeostasis. Mitochondria are indispensable for stress-induced apoptosis. The BCL-2 protein family controls mitochondrial apoptosis and initiates cell death through the pro-apoptotic activities of BAX and BAK at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Cellular survival is ensured by the retrotranslocation of mitochondrial BAX and BAK into the cytosol by anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins. BAX/BAK-dependent OMM permeabilization releases the mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c), which initiates activation of caspase-9. The caspase cascade leads to cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic body formation. Although it is clear that ultimately complexes of active BAX and BAK commit the cell to apoptosis, the nature of these complexes is still enigmatic. Excessive research has described a range of complexes, varying from a few molecules to several 10,000, in different systems. BAX/BAK complexes potentially form ring-like structures that could expose the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has been suggested that these pores allow the efflux of small proteins and even mitochondrial DNA. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge for mitochondrial BAX/BAK complexes and the interactions between these proteins and the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wolf
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Schoeniger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Edlich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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18
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Garciaz S, Guirguis AA, Müller S, Brown FC, Chan YC, Motazedian A, Rowe CL, Kuzich JA, Chan KL, Tran K, Smith L, MacPherson L, Liddicoat B, Lam EY, Cañeque T, Burr ML, Litalien V, Pomilio G, Poplineau M, Duprez E, Dawson SJ, Ramm G, Cox AG, Brown KK, Huang DC, Wei AH, McArthur K, Rodriguez R, Dawson MA. Pharmacologic Reduction of Mitochondrial Iron Triggers a Noncanonical BAX/BAK-Dependent Cell Death. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:774-791. [PMID: 34862195 PMCID: PMC9390741 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell metabolism is increasingly recognized as providing an exciting therapeutic opportunity. However, a drug that directly couples targeting of a metabolic dependency with the induction of cell death in cancer cells has largely remained elusive. Here we report that the drug-like small-molecule ironomycin reduces the mitochondrial iron load, resulting in the potent disruption of mitochondrial metabolism. Ironomycin promotes the recruitment and activation of BAX/BAK, but the resulting mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) does not lead to potent activation of the apoptotic caspases, nor is the ensuing cell death prevented by inhibiting the previously established pathways of programmed cell death. Consistent with the fact that ironomycin and BH3 mimetics induce MOMP through independent nonredundant pathways, we find that ironomycin exhibits marked in vitro and in vivo synergy with venetoclax and overcomes venetoclax resistance in primary patient samples. SIGNIFICANCE Ironomycin couples targeting of cellular metabolism with cell death by reducing mitochondrial iron, resulting in the alteration of mitochondrial metabolism and the activation of BAX/BAK. Ironomycin induces MOMP through a different mechanism to BH3 mimetics, and consequently combination therapy has marked synergy in cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Garciaz
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1068, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Andrew A. Guirguis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sebastian Müller
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, Chemical Biology of Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Fiona C. Brown
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yih-Chih Chan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ali Motazedian
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caitlin L. Rowe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A. Kuzich
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kah Lok Chan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin Tran
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lorey Smith
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura MacPherson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian Liddicoat
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Enid Y.N. Lam
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tatiana Cañeque
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, Chemical Biology of Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marian L. Burr
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Véronique Litalien
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giovanna Pomilio
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathilde Poplineau
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1068, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Estelle Duprez
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1068, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Sarah-Jane Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Cox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristin K. Brown
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David C.S. Huang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew H. Wei
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate McArthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raphaël Rodriguez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, Chemical Biology of Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mark A. Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Bui ATN, Son H, Park S, Oh S, Kim JS, Cho JH, Hwang HJ, Kim JH, Yi GS, Chi SW. Artificial intelligence-based identification of octenidine as a Bcl-xL inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 588:97-103. [PMID: 34953212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing cancer progression. Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic protein, is an important modulator of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and is a promising target for anticancer therapy. In this study, we identified octenidine as a novel Bcl-xL inhibitor through structural feature-based deep learning and molecular docking from a library of approved drugs. The NMR experiments demonstrated that octenidine binds to the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain-binding hydrophobic region that consists of the BH1, BH2, and BH3 domains in Bcl-xL. A structural model of the Bcl-xL/octenidine complex revealed that octenidine binds to Bcl-xL in a similar manner to that of the well-known Bcl-2 family protein antagonist ABT-737. Using the NanoBiT protein-protein interaction system, we confirmed that the interaction between Bcl-xL and Bak-BH3 domains within cells was inhibited by octenidine. Furthermore, octenidine inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 breast and H1299 lung cancer cells by promoting apoptosis. Taken together, our results shed light on a novel mechanism in which octenidine directly targets anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL to trigger mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thi Ngoc Bui
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 31441, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Son
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Park
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 31441, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 31441, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sik Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 31441, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Cho
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 31441, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hwang
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 31441, Republic of Korea; Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 31441, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwan-Su Yi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Wook Chi
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 31441, Republic of Korea; Department of Proteome Structural Biology, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Li T, Zhao G, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Chen X, Song J, Wang X, Li J, Huang L, Wen L, Li C, Zhao D, He X, Bu Z, Zheng J, Weng C. African Swine Fever Virus pE199L Induces Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis. Viruses 2021; 13:2240. [PMID: 34835046 PMCID: PMC8617669 DOI: 10.3390/v13112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a severe hemorrhagic disease in swine characterized by massive lymphocyte depletion and cell death, with apoptosis and necrosis in infected lymphoid tissues. However, the molecular mechanism regarding ASFV-induced cell death remains largely unknown. In this study, 94 ASFV-encoded proteins were screened to determine the viral proteins involved in cell death in vitro, and pE199L showed the most significant effect. Ectopic expression of pE199L in porcine cells (CRL-2843) and human cells (HEK293T and HeLa cells) induced cell death remarkably, showing obvious shrinking, blistering, apoptotic bodies, and nuclear DNA fragments. Meanwhile, cell death was markedly alleviated when the expression of pE199L was knocked down during ASFV infection. Additionally, the expression of pE199L caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, and caspase-9 and -3/7 activation, indicating that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was involved in pE199L-induced apoptosis. Further investigations showed that pE199L interacted with several anti-apoptotic BCL-2 subfamily members (such as BCL-XL, MCL-1, BCL-W, and BCL-2A1) and competed with BAK for BCL-XL, which promoted BAK and BAX activation. Taken together, ASFV pE199L induces the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, which may provide clues for a comprehensive understanding of ASFV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin 150069, China; (T.L.); (G.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (J.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (D.Z.); (X.H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin 150069, China; (T.L.); (G.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (J.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (D.Z.); (X.H.); (Z.B.)
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21
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Li Y, Fan Y, Zhou Y, Jiang N, Xue M, Meng Y, Liu W, Zhang J, Lin G, Zeng L. Bcl-xL Reduces Chinese Giant Salamander Iridovirus-Induced Mitochondrial Apoptosis by Interacting with Bak and Inhibiting the p53 Pathway. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112224. [PMID: 34835028 PMCID: PMC8622046 DOI: 10.3390/v13112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV) infection could lead to mitochondrial apoptosis in this animal, a process that involves B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) superfamily molecules. The mRNA expression level of Bcl-xL, a crucial antiapoptotic molecule in the BCL-2 family, was reduced in early infection and increased in late infection. However, the molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the function and regulatory mechanisms of Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) Bcl-xL (AdBcl-xL) during GSIV infection were investigated. Western blotting assays revealed that the level of Bcl-xL protein was downregulated markedly as the infection progressed. Plasmids expressing AdBcl-xL or AdBcl-xL short interfering RNAs were separately constructed and transfected into Chinese giant salamander muscle cells. Confocal microscopy showed that overexpressed AdBcl-xL was translocated to the mitochondria after infection with GSIV. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that apoptotic progress was reduced in both AdBcl-xL-overexpressing cells compared with those in the control, while apoptotic progress was enhanced in cells silenced for AdBcl-xL. A lower number of copies of virus major capsid protein genes and a reduced protein synthesis were confirmed in AdBcl-xL-overexpressing cells. Moreover, AdBcl-xL could bind directly to the proapoptotic molecule AdBak with or without GSIV infection. In addition, the p53 level was inhibited and the mRNA expression levels of crucial regulatory molecules in the p53 pathway were regulated in AdBcl-xL-overexpressing cells during GSIV infection. These results suggest that AdBcl-xL plays negative roles in GSIV-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and virus replication by binding to AdBak and inhibiting p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Mingyang Xue
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Yan Meng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (G.L.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (Y.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (N.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.); (W.L.); (J.Z.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-81785190
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22
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Salam SA, Mostafa F, Alnamshan MM, Elshewemi SS, Sorour JM. Thymoquinone ameliorates age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice by modulating Sirt1 activity and Bak1 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112149. [PMID: 34507120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (AHL) is the most common sensory disorder of aged population. Currently, one of the most important sources of experimental medicine for AHL is medicinal plants. This study performed the first investigation of the effect of thymoquinone (TQ), a potent antioxidant, on AHL. Here, we used inbred C57BL/6J mice (B6 mice) as a successful experimental model of the early onset of AHL. The behavioral assessment of hearing revealed that the injection of a high dose of TQ (40 mg/kg; TQ40) significantly improved the auditory sensitivity of B6 mice at all tested frequencies (8, 16 and 22 kHz). Histological sections of cochlea from B6 mice injected with a low dose (20 mg/kg; TQ20) and high dose showed relatively less degenerative signs in the modiolus, hair cells and spiral ligaments, the main constituents of the cochlea. In addition, TQ40 completely restored the normal pattern of hair cells in B6 mice, as shown in scanning electron micrographs. Our data indicated that TQ20 and TQ40 reduced levels of Bak1-mediated apoptosis in the cochlea of B6 mice. Interestingly, the level of Sirt1, a positive regulator of autophagy, was significantly increased in B6 mice administered TQ40. In conclusion, TQ relieves the symptoms of AHL by downregulating Bak1 and activating Sirt1 in the cochlea of B6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine Abdel Salam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Mostafa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
| | - Mashael M Alnamshan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salma S Elshewemi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
| | - Jehan M Sorour
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
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23
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Deng J, Gutiérrez LG, Stoll G, Motiño O, Martins I, Núñez L, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Humeau J, Bordenave C, Pan J, Fohrer-Ting H, Souquere S, Pierron G, Hetz C, Villalobos C, Kroemer G, Senovilla L. Paradoxical implication of BAX/BAK in the persistence of tetraploid cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1039. [PMID: 34725331 PMCID: PMC8560871 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pro-apoptotic multi-domain proteins of the BCL2 family such as BAX and BAK are well known for their important role in the induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which is the rate-limiting step of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Human or mouse cells lacking both BAX and BAK (due to a double knockout, DKO) are notoriously resistant to MOMP and cell death induction. Here we report the surprising finding that BAX/BAK DKO cells proliferate less than control cells expressing both BAX and BAK (or either BAX or BAK) when they are driven into tetraploidy by transient exposure to the microtubule inhibitor nocodazole. Mechanistically, in contrast to their BAX/BAK-sufficient controls, tetraploid DKO cells activate a senescent program, as indicated by the overexpression of several cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and the activation of β-galactosidase. Moreover, DKO cells manifest alterations in ionomycin-mobilizable endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores and store-operated Ca2+ entry that are affected by tetraploidization. DKO cells manifested reduced expression of endogenous sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (Serca2a) and transfection-enforced reintroduction of Serca2a, or reintroduction of an ER-targeted variant of BAK into DKO cells reestablished the same pattern of Ca2+ fluxes as observed in BAX/BAK-sufficient control cells. Serca2a reexpression and ER-targeted BAK also abolished the tetraploidy-induced senescence of DKO cells, placing ER Ca2+ fluxes downstream of the regulation of senescence by BAX/BAK. In conclusion, it appears that BAX/BAK prevent the induction of a tetraploidization-associated senescence program. Speculatively, this may contribute to the low incidence of cancers in BAX/BAK DKO mice and explain why human cancers rarely lose the expression of both BAX and BAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Deng
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Lucía G Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid - CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gautier Stoll
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Omar Motiño
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Martins
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Lucía Núñez
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid - CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliette Humeau
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3C 3J7
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Chloé Bordenave
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Juncheng Pan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75006, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Hélène Fohrer-Ting
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Center for Histology, Cell Imaging and Cytometry (CHIC), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France
| | | | - Gerard Pierron
- CNRS, UMR9196, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, 7800003, Chile
- The Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Carlos Villalobos
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid - CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75006, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Laura Senovilla
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Université de Paris, Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75006, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid - CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.
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24
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Sperl LE, Rührnößl F, Schiller A, Haslbeck M, Hagn F. High-resolution analysis of the conformational transition of pro-apoptotic Bak at the lipid membrane. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107159. [PMID: 34523144 PMCID: PMC8521305 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane by pore-forming Bcl2 proteins is a crucial step for the induction of apoptosis. Despite a large set of data suggesting global conformational changes within pro-apoptotic Bak during pore formation, high-resolution structural details in a membrane environment remain sparse. Here, we used NMR and HDX-MS (Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry) in lipid nanodiscs to gain important high-resolution structural insights into the conformational changes of Bak at the membrane that are dependent on a direct activation by BH3-only proteins. Furthermore, we determined the first high-resolution structure of the Bak transmembrane helix. Upon activation, α-helix 1 in the soluble domain of Bak dissociates from the protein and adopts an unfolded and dynamic potentially membrane-bound state. In line with this finding, comparative protein folding experiments with Bak and anti-apoptotic BclxL suggest that α-helix 1 in Bak is a metastable structural element contributing to its pro-apoptotic features. Consequently, mutagenesis experiments aimed at stabilizing α-helix 1 yielded Bak variants with delayed pore-forming activity. These insights will contribute to a better mechanistic understanding of Bak-mediated membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Sperl
- Bavarian NMR Center at the Department of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
- Institute of Structural BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Florian Rührnößl
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies and Department of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Anita Schiller
- Bavarian NMR Center at the Department of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
- Institute of Structural BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies and Department of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Franz Hagn
- Bavarian NMR Center at the Department of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
- Institute of Structural BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
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25
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Liu D, Hou X, Wu W, Zanfagnin V, Li Y, Correia C, Zhao Z, Zhao C, Liu Z, Zhang T, Fang Z, Wang H, Xu C, Weroha SJ, Kaufmann SH, Dai H. Constitutive BAK/MCL1 complexes predict paclitaxel and S63845 sensitivity of ovarian cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:789. [PMID: 34385422 PMCID: PMC8361168 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that preformed complexes of BAK with antiapoptotic BCL2 proteins predict BH3 mimetic sensitivities in lymphohematopoietic cells. These complexes have not previously been examined in solid tumors or in the context of conventional anticancer drugs. Here we show the relative amount of BAK found in preformed complexes with MCL1 or BCLXL varies across ovarian cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Cells bearing BAK/MCL1 complexes were more sensitive to paclitaxel and the MCL1 antagonist S63845. Likewise, PDX models with BAK/MCL1 complexes were more likely to respond to paclitaxel. Mechanistically, BIM induced by low paclitaxel concentrations interacted preferentially with MCL1 and displaced MCL1-bound BAK. Further studies indicated that cells with preformed BAK/MCL1 complexes were sensitive to the paclitaxel/S63845 combination, while cells without BAK/MCL1 complexes were not. Our study suggested that the assessment of BAK/MCL1 complexes might be useful for predicting response to paclitaxel alone or in combination with BH3 mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Wangyu Wu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | | | - Yunjian Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cristina Correia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Zhiyang Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Chenggang Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhiyou Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Chao Xu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Saravut J Weroha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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Chappaz S, McArthur K, Kealy L, Law CW, Tailler M, Lane RM, Lieschke A, Ritchie ME, Good-Jacobson KL, Strasser A, Kile BT. Homeostatic apoptosis prevents competition-induced atrophy in follicular B cells. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109430. [PMID: 34289356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is thought to play a central role in shaping the B cell lineage, its precise role in mature B cell homeostasis remains elusive. Using mice in which mature B cells are unable to undergo apoptotic cell death, we show that apoptosis constrains follicular B (FoB) cell lifespan but plays no role in marginal zone B (MZB) cell homeostasis. In these mice, FoB cells accumulate abnormally. This intensifies intercellular competition for BAFF, resulting in a contraction of the MZB cell compartment, and reducing the growth, trafficking, and fitness of FoB cells. Diminished BAFF signaling dampens the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, undermining FoB cell growth despite the concurrent triggering of a protective p53 response. Thus, MZB and FoB cells exhibit a differential requirement for the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Homeostatic apoptosis constrains the size of the FoB cell compartment, thereby preventing competition-induced FoB cell atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Chappaz
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia.
| | - Kate McArthur
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Liam Kealy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Charity W Law
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Maximilien Tailler
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Rachael M Lane
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | | | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia; Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC, Australia; ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, 3052 VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010 VIC, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 SA, Australia.
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27
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Birkinshaw RW, Iyer S, Lio D, Luo CS, Brouwer JM, Miller MS, Robin AY, Uren RT, Dewson G, Kluck RM, Colman PM, Czabotar PE. Structure of detergent-activated BAK dimers derived from the inert monomer. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2123-2134.e5. [PMID: 33794146 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A body of data supports the existence of core (α2-α5) dimers of BAK and BAX in the oligomeric, membrane-perturbing conformation of these essential apoptotic effector molecules. Molecular structures for these dimers have only been captured for truncated constructs encompassing the core domain alone. Here, we report a crystal structure of BAK α2-α8 dimers (i.e., minus its flexible N-terminal helix and membrane-anchoring C-terminal segment) that has been obtained through the activation of monomeric BAK with the detergent C12E8. Core dimers are evident, linked through the crystal by contacts via latch (α6-α8) domains. This crystal structure shows activated BAK dimers with the extended latch domain present. Our data provide direct evidence for the conformational change converting BAK from inert monomer to the functional dimer that destroys mitochondrial integrity. This dimer is the smallest functional unit for recombinant BAK or BAX described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Birkinshaw
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Sweta Iyer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daisy Lio
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cindy S Luo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jason M Brouwer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle S Miller
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Adeline Y Robin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Rachel T Uren
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ruth M Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter M Colman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Wang H, Huang H, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang M, Zhao S, Lu G, Kang X. Cancer-associated fibroblasts secreted miR-103a-3p suppresses apoptosis and promotes cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14456-14468. [PMID: 33999859 PMCID: PMC8202839 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients results in low response rate and overall survival rate. Exosomes contribute to pathological processes of multiple cancers. OBJECTIVE In this study, we explored the function and mechanisms of exosomal miR-103a-3p derived from cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) in cisplatin resistance in NSCLC. RESULTS MiR-103a-3p was highly expressed in CAFs and CAF exosomes, and exosomal miR-103a-3p derived from CAFs in NSCLC. CAFs exosomes co-cultured with NSCLC cells promoted miR-103a-3p expression both in NSCLC cells and its exosomes. Functional experiments showed that exo-miR-103a-3p derived from CAFs promoted cisplatin resistance and inhibited apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Pumilio2 (Pum2) bound with miR-103a-3p in cytoplasm and nucleus, and facilitated packaging into CAF-derived exosomes in NSCLC cells. Further analysis showed Bak1 was a direct target of miR-103a-3p, and miR-103a-3p accelerated cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells via Bak1 downregulation. In vivo tumorigenesis assay showed CAF-derived exosomal miR-103a-3p enhanced cisplatin resistance and inhibited cell apoptosis in NSCLC. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that CAFs-derived exosomal miR-103a-3p promoted cisplatin resistance by suppressing apoptosis via targeting Bak1, which provided a potential therapeutic target for cisplatin resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Third Ward of Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Haibo Huang
- Third Ward of Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Lijiang Wang
- Respiratory Ward 2, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Respiratory Ward 2, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Guangjian Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohong Kang
- First Ward of Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
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Coricovac D, Dehelean CA, Pinzaru I, Mioc A, Aburel OM, Macasoi I, Draghici GA, Petean C, Soica C, Boruga M, Vlaicu B, Muntean MD. Assessment of Betulinic Acid Cytotoxicity and Mitochondrial Metabolism Impairment in a Human Melanoma Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094870. [PMID: 34064489 PMCID: PMC8125295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma represents one of the most aggressive and drug resistant skin cancers with poor prognosis in its advanced stages. Despite the increasing number of targeted therapies, novel approaches are needed to counteract both therapeutic resistance and the side effects of classic therapy. Betulinic acid (BA) is a bioactive phytocompound that has been reported to induce apoptosis in several types of cancers including melanomas; however, its effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics are less investigated. The present study performed in A375 human melanoma cells was aimed to characterize the effects of BA on mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular behavior. BA demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect in both mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in A375 melanoma cells and at sub-toxic concentrations (10 μM) induced mitochondrial dysfunction by eliciting a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and changes in mitochondria morphology and localization. In addition, BA triggered a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect characterized by apoptotic features: morphological alterations (nuclear fragmentation, apoptotic bodies) and the upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers mRNA expression (Bax, Bad and Bak). BA represents a viable therapeutic option via a complex modulatory effect on mitochondrial metabolism that might be useful in advanced melanoma or as reliable strategy to counteract resistance to standard therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604
| | - Oana-Maria Aburel
- Faculty of Medicine “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.-M.A.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (M.D.M.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,” Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - George Andrei Draghici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Crina Petean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Madalina Boruga
- Faculty of Medicine “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.-M.A.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Brigitha Vlaicu
- Faculty of Medicine “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.-M.A.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Mirela Danina Muntean
- Faculty of Medicine “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.-M.A.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (M.D.M.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,” Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
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Ma X, Yu M, Hao C, Yang W. Shikonin induces tumor apoptosis in glioma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress, and Bax/Bak mediated mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 263:113059. [PMID: 32663591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shikonin, one of the main active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has been widely used to treat various disease including virus infection and inflammation in clinical. Its anti-tumor activity has been recorded in "Chinese herbal medicine". Recently, some studies about its anti-glioma effects have been reported. However, little is known about the molecular pharmacological activity of Shikonin in glioma. AIM This study aimed to systematically uncover and validate the pharmacological mechanism of Shikonin against glioma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Network pharmacology approach, survival analysis, and Pearson co-expression analysis were performed to uncover and test the pharmacological mechanisms of Shikonin in glioma. Apoptosis assay, Caspase-3 activity assay and immunoblot analysis were practiced to validate the mechanisms. RESULTS Network pharmacology results suggested, anti-glioma effect of Shikonin by interfering endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated tumor apoptosis targeting Caspase-3, and Bax/Bak-induced mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) triggering cancer cell apoptosis. Survival analysis suggested the association of CASP3 with glioma (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated possible interaction of CASP3 with PERK through positive feedback regulation. Shikonin or in combination with 14G2a induced cell apoptosis in oligodendroglioma Hs683 cells in a dose-dependent manner with at a maximum apoptosis rate of 33%-37.5%, and 73%-77% respectively. Immunoblot analysis showed that Shikonin increased Caspase-3 activity to about 4.29 times, and increased 9 times when it combined with 14G2a. Shikonin increased also the expression levels of the proteins PERK and CHOP by about 4.4 and 5.6 folds, respectively, when it combined with 14G2a. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the pharmacological mechanisms of Shikonin in the induction of tumor apoptosis in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Meixiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chenxia Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wanhua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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31
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Joshi P, Bodnya C, Rasmussen ML, Romero-Morales AI, Bright A, Gama V. Modeling the function of BAX and BAK in early human brain development using iPSC-derived systems. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:808. [PMID: 32978370 PMCID: PMC7519160 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic apoptosis relies on the ability of the BCL-2 family to induce the formation of pores on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Previous studies have shown that both BAX and BAK are essential during murine embryogenesis, and reports in human cancer cell lines identified non-canonical roles for BAX and BAK in mitochondrial fission during apoptosis. BAX and BAK function in human brain development remains elusive due to the lack of appropriate model systems. Here, we generated BAX/BAK double knockout human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), neural rosettes, and cerebral organoids to uncover the effects of BAX and BAK deletion in an in vitro model of early human brain development. We found that BAX and BAK-deficient cells have abnormal mitochondrial morphology and give rise to aberrant cortical structures. We suggest crucial functions for BAX and BAK during human development, including maintenance of homeostatic mitochondrial morphology, which is crucial for proper development of progenitors and neurons of the cortex. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived systems can be useful platforms to reveal novel functions of the apoptotic machinery in neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Joshi
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caroline Bodnya
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Megan L Rasmussen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Anna Bright
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vivian Gama
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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32
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Noguchi K, Majima R, Takahashi K, Iwase Y, Yamada S, Satoh K, Koshizuka T, Inoue N. Identification and functional analyses of a cell-death inhibitor encoded by guinea pig cytomegalovirus gp38.1 in cell culture and in animals. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:1270-1279. [PMID: 32915127 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) employ an array of strategies designed to interfere with host defence responses against pathogens. Studies on such evasion mechanisms are important for understanding the pathogenesis of CMV diseases. Although guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) provides a useful animal model for congenital CMV infection, its evasion strategies are not fully elucidated. Here, we analysed a genome locus that may encode gene products for the GPCMV evasion mechanisms and found the following. (1) RACE analyses identified five transcripts in the GP38-gp38.4 locus, one of which was a spliced product encoding gp38.1. Similarities in the splicing pattern and gene position of gp38.1 to human CMV UL37 and its exon 1 encoding vMIA (viral mitochondria-localized inhibitor of apoptosis) suggest that the gp38.1 gene encodes an apoptosis inhibitor. (2) In a transient transfection assay, gp38.1 localized in the mitochondria and relocated BAX from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, although its co-localization with BAK was not evident. Further, the expression of gp38.1 partially reduced staurosporine-induced apoptosis. (3) GPCMV defective in the gp38.1 ORF (Δ38.1) and the virus that rescues the defect (r38.1) were generated. Guinea pig fibroblast cells infected with Δ38.1 died earlier than r38.1-infected cells, which resulted in the lower yields of Δ38.1. (4) In animals, viral loads in the spleens of r38.1-infected guinea pigs were higher than those in the spleens of Δ38.1-infected animals. In conclusion, although GPCMV gp38.1 exerts a vMIA-like function, its inhibitory effect was not robust, suggesting the presence of additional inhibitory molecule(s), such as a BAK-specific inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Noguchi
- Present address: Kaken Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Majima
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Iwase
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Souichi Yamada
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Satoh
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Koshizuka
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoki Inoue
- Microbiology and Immunology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Popgeorgiev N, Sa JD, Jabbour L, Banjara S, Nguyen TTM, Akhavan-E-Sabet A, Gadet R, Ralchev N, Manon S, Hinds MG, Osigus HJ, Schierwater B, Humbert PO, Rimokh R, Gillet G, Kvansakul M. Ancient and conserved functional interplay between Bcl-2 family proteins in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/40/eabc4149. [PMID: 32998881 PMCID: PMC7527217 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In metazoans, Bcl-2 family proteins are major regulators of mitochondrially mediated apoptosis; however, their evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we describe the molecular characterization of the four members of the Bcl-2 family in the most primitive metazoan, Trichoplax adhaerens All four trBcl-2 homologs are multimotif Bcl-2 group, with trBcl-2L1 and trBcl-2L2 being highly divergent antiapoptotic Bcl-2 members, whereas trBcl-2L3 and trBcl-2L4 are homologs of proapoptotic Bax and Bak, respectively. trBax expression permeabilizes the mitochondrial outer membrane, while trBak operates as a BH3-only sensitizer repressing antiapoptotic activities of trBcl-2L1 and trBcl-2L2. The crystal structure of a trBcl-2L2:trBak BH3 complex reveals that trBcl-2L2 uses the canonical Bcl-2 ligand binding groove to sequester trBak BH3, indicating that the structural basis for apoptosis control is conserved from T. adhaerens to mammals. Finally, we demonstrate that both trBax and trBak BH3 peptides bind selectively to human Bcl-2 homologs to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Popgeorgiev
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Jaison D Sa
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Lea Jabbour
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Suresh Banjara
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Trang Thi Minh Nguyen
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Aida Akhavan-E-Sabet
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rudy Gadet
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nikola Ralchev
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphen Manon
- Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, CNRS et Université de Bordeaux, CS61390, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mark G Hinds
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia
| | - Hans-Jürgen Osigus
- Institute of Animal Ecology, Division of Molecular Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Schierwater
- Institute of Animal Ecology, Division of Molecular Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ruth Rimokh
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Germain Gillet
- Université de Lyon, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMR CNRS 5286, Université Lyon I, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
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Roca-Portoles A, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Sumpton D, Cloix C, Mullin M, Mackay GM, O'Neill K, Lemgruber L, Luo X, Tait SWG. Venetoclax causes metabolic reprogramming independent of BCL-2 inhibition. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:616. [PMID: 32792521 PMCID: PMC7426836 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BH3-mimetics are a new class of anti-cancer drugs that inhibit anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. In doing so, BH3-mimetics sensitise to cell death. Venetoclax is a potent, BCL-2 selective BH3-mimetic that is clinically approved for use in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Venetoclax has also been shown to inhibit mitochondrial metabolism, this is consistent with a proposed role for BCL-2 in metabolic regulation. We used venetoclax to understand BCL-2 metabolic function. Similar to others, we found that venetoclax inhibited mitochondrial respiration. In addition, we also found that venetoclax impairs TCA cycle activity leading to activation of reductive carboxylation. Importantly, the metabolic effects of venetoclax were independent of cell death because they were also observed in apoptosis-resistant BAX/BAK-deficient cells. However, unlike venetoclax treatment, inhibiting BCL-2 expression had no effect on mitochondrial respiration. Unexpectedly, we found that venetoclax also inhibited mitochondrial respiration and the TCA cycle in BCL-2 deficient cells and in cells lacking all anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. Investigating the basis of this off-target effect, we found that venetoclax-induced metabolic reprogramming was dependent upon the integrated stress response and ATF4 transcription factor. These data demonstrate that venetoclax affects cellular metabolism independent of BCL-2 inhibition. This off-target metabolic effect has potential to modulate venetoclax cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Roca-Portoles
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Giovanny Rodriguez-Blanco
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Catherine Cloix
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Margaret Mullin
- Glasgow Imaging Facility, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Gillian M Mackay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Katelyn O'Neill
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Leandro Lemgruber
- Glasgow Imaging Facility, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Xu Luo
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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Pandya V, Githaka JM, Patel N, Veldhoen R, Hugh J, Damaraju S, McMullen T, Mackey J, Goping IS. BIK drives an aggressive breast cancer phenotype through sublethal apoptosis and predicts poor prognosis of ER-positive breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:448. [PMID: 32528057 PMCID: PMC7289861 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is fundamental to normal animal development and is the target for many anticancer therapies. Recent studies have explored the consequences of "failed apoptosis" where the apoptotic program is initiated but does not go to completion and does not cause cell death. Nevertheless, this failed apoptosis induces DNA double-strand breaks generating mutations that facilitate tumorigenesis. Whether failed apoptosis is relevant to clinical disease is unknown. BCL-2 interacting killer (BIK) is a stress-induced BH3-only protein that stimulates apoptosis in response to hormone and growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, and genomic stress. It was unclear whether BIK promotes or suppresses tumor survival within the context of breast cancer. We investigated this and show that BIK induces failed apoptosis with limited caspase activation and genomic damage in the absence of extensive cell death. Surviving cells acquire aggressive phenotypes characterized by enrichment of cancer stem-like cells, increased motility and increased clonogenic survival. Furthermore, by examining six independent cohorts of patients (total n = 969), we discovered that high BIK mRNA and protein levels predicted clinical relapse of Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cancers, which account for almost 70% of all breast cancers diagnosed but had no predictive value for hormone receptor-negative (triple-negative) patients. Thus, this study identifies BIK as a biomarker for tumor recurrence of ER-positive patients and provides a potential mechanism whereby failed apoptosis contributes to cancer aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrajesh Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - John Maringa Githaka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Namrata Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Richard Veldhoen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Judith Hugh
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Todd McMullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - John Mackey
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ing Swie Goping
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is essential for tissue homeostasis. De-regulation of the balance between proliferation and apoptosis contributes to tumor initiation. Particularly in the colon where apoptosis is a crucial process in intestinal turnover, inhibition of apoptosis facilitates transformation and tumor progression. The BCL-2 family of proteins are key regulators of apoptosis and have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, progression and resistance to therapy. In this review we outline the current knowledge on the BCL-2 family-regulated intrinsic apoptosis pathway and mechanisms by which it is de-regulated in CRC. We further review BH3 mimetics as a therapeutic opportunity to target this pathway and evaluate their potential for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Ramesh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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37
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Park IS, Seo HR, Kim K, Lee H, Shum D, Choi I, Kim J. Identification of inhibitors of Bcl-2 family protein-protein interaction by combining the BRET screening platform with virtual screening. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:709-715. [PMID: 32423828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins play key roles in tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. Therefore, the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the pro-survival proteins, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 and Bcl-xL, and the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax and Bak, could be attractive therapeutic targets for anti-cancer drug discovery. Here, we found new small molecules, BIP-A1001 and BIP-A2001 that modulated Bak/Bax and Bcl-xL interactions by combining the Nanoluc/YFP-based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay with structure based virtual screening. In addition, we chose compounds with similar structures to BIP-A1001 and BIP-A2001 and tested their inhibitory effects using the BRET assay as a dose-response function. The results indicated that identifying compounds that inhibit interactions between Bak/Bax and Bcl-xL could be a promising approach to enhance cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Seul Park
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Haeng Ran Seo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Kideok Kim
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Honggun Lee
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - David Shum
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea.
| | - Jiho Kim
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, South Korea.
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Scaruffi P, Stigliani S, Cardinali B, Massarotti C, Lambertini M, Sozzi F, Dellepiane C, Merlo DF, Anserini P, Del Mastro L. Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonists Have an Anti-apoptotic Effect on Cumulus Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236045. [PMID: 31801245 PMCID: PMC6928931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovaries are sensitive to chemotherapy, which may lead to early depletion of primordial follicle reserve. One strategy for gonadal function preservation is temporary ovarian suppression with Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone agonists (GnRHa) during chemotherapy. To date, GnRHa protective mechanism of action remains not fully elucidated. Methods: We collected 260 immature cumulus cell-oocyte complexes (COC) from 111 women < 38 years old, with a normal ovarian reserve. The COC were randomly assigned to the following groups: (a) control; culture with the addition of (b) GnRHa; (c) cyclophosphamide; (d) cyclophosphamide plus GnRHa. After in vitro treatments, RNA and proteins were extracted from oocytes and cumulus cells (CC), separately. Potential effects of drugs were evaluated on GnRH receptors, apoptosis pathways, ceramide pathway, and glutathione synthesis by quantitative PCR and, whenever possible, by Western blot. Results: Cyclophosphamide triggered activation of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis mediated by BAX in CC. The co-administration of GnRHa inhibited the apoptosis pathway in CC. According to our model, the GnRHa does not directly act on oocytes, which do not express GnRH receptors. Moreover, glutathione synthesis was decreased after GnRHa treatment both in CC and oocytes. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the protective mechanisms induced by GnRHa is mediated by an anti-apoptotic effect on CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Scaruffi
- UOS Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.S.); (S.S.); (F.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Sara Stigliani
- UOS Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.S.); (S.S.); (F.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Barbara Cardinali
- Breast Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.C.); (C.D.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Claudia Massarotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- U.O.C. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-555-4254
| | - Fausta Sozzi
- UOS Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.S.); (S.S.); (F.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Chiara Dellepiane
- Breast Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.C.); (C.D.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Domenico Franco Merlo
- Infrastruttura Ricerca e Statistica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Paola Anserini
- UOS Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (P.S.); (S.S.); (F.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Lucia Del Mastro
- Breast Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.C.); (C.D.); (L.D.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Huang K, O'Neill KL, Li J, Zhou W, Han N, Pang X, Wu W, Struble L, Borgstahl G, Liu Z, Zhang L, Luo X. BH3-only proteins target BCL-xL/MCL-1, not BAX/BAK, to initiate apoptosis. Cell Res 2019; 29:942-952. [PMID: 31551537 PMCID: PMC6888900 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that mitochondria-dependent apoptosis initiates when select BH3-only proteins (BID, BIM, etc.) directly engage and allosterically activate effector proteins BAX/BAK. Here, through reconstitution of cells lacking all eight pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins, we demonstrate that all BH3-only proteins primarily target the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins BCL-xL/MCL-1, whose simultaneous suppression enables membrane-mediated spontaneous activation of BAX/BAK. BH3-only proteins' apoptotic activities correlate with affinities for BCL-xL/MCL-1 instead of abilities to directly activate BAX/BAK. Further, BID and BIM do not distinguish BAX from BAK or accelerate BAX/BAK activation following inactivation of BCL-xL/MCL-1. Remarkably, death ligand-induced apoptosis in cells lacking BH3-only proteins and MCL-1 is fully restored by BID mutants capable of neutralizing BCL-xL, but not direct activation of BAX/BAK. Taken together, our findings provide a "Membrane-mediated Permissive" model, in which the BH3-only proteins only indirectly activate BAX/BAK by neutralizing the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins, and thus allowing BAX/BAK to undergo unimpeded, spontaneous activation in the mitochondrial outer membrane milieu, leading to apoptosis initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
| | - Katelyn L O'Neill
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Na Han
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
| | - Xiaming Pang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Lucas Struble
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
| | - Gloria Borgstahl
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA
| | - Xu Luo
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7696, USA.
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Klatt CL, Theis V, Hahn S, Theiss C, Matschke V. Deregulated miR-29b-3p Correlates with Tissue-Specific Activation of Intrinsic Apoptosis in An Animal Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091077. [PMID: 31547454 PMCID: PMC6770833 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common incurable motor neuron disorders in adults. The majority of all ALS cases occur sporadically (sALS). Symptoms of ALS are caused by a progressive degeneration of motor neurons located in the motor cortex and spinal cord. The question arises why motor neurons selectively degenerate in ALS, while other cells and systems appear to be spared the disease. Members of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway are frequent targets of altered microRNA expression. Therefore, microRNAs and their effects on cell survival are subject of controversial debates. In this study, we investigated the expression of numerous members of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade by qPCR, western blot, and immunostaining in two different regions of the CNS of wobbler mice. Further we addressed the expression of miR-29b-3p targeting BMF, Bax, and, Bak, members of the apoptotic pathway. We show a tissue-specific differential expression of BMF, Bax, and cleaved-Caspase 3 in wobbler mice. An opposing regulation of miR-29b-3p expression in the cerebellum and cervical spinal cord of wobbler mice suggests different mechanisms regulating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Based on our findings, it could be speculated that miR-29b-3p might regulate antiapoptotic survival mechanisms in CNS areas that are not affected by neurodegeneration in the wobbler mouse ALS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Klatt
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Verena Theis
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Stephan Hahn
- Ruhr University Bochum, Clinical Research Center, Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic diseases, including dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and chronic inflammation are risk factors for clinically significant thrombotic events. Thrombosis in these settings is multifaceted with coordinated mechanisms between platelet activation and the hemostatic pathways. This review focuses on recent advances in platelet procoagulant and apoptotic signaling with emphasis on the pathophysiologic mechanisms induced by platelet CD36 in dyslipidemia, and the key unaddressed questions relating to the field. RECENT FINDINGS CD36 promotes platelet activation and increases the risk for thrombosis through signaling events. These include generation of reactive oxygen species, activation of redox-sensitive MAP kinase ERK5, and promotion of a pro-thrombotic phenotype. CD36 promotes phosphatidylserine externalization leading to a procoagulant function downstream from MAP kinase ERK5 that is separate from a pro-aggregatory function. Phosphatidylserine externalization requires maladaptive caspase activation, promotes assembly of the factor tenase and prothrombinase complex, and promotes fibrin formation. It is distinct from the canonical pathways mediating platelet procoagulant function by strong physiologic stimuli or by the platelet apoptotic-like Bak/Bax-mediated pathway for cellular clearance. SUMMARY Understanding CD36 signaling in the context of dyslipidemia, or other metabolic diseases will identify important and novel signaling hubs that could be potential therapeutic targets for intervention without impacting hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moua Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin
| | - Roy L. Silverstein
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Jiang H, Li C, Liu Z. Expression and Relationship of SAMHD1 with Other Apoptotic and Autophagic Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Acta Haematol 2019; 143:51-59. [PMID: 31434075 DOI: 10.1159/000500822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SAM domain- and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a cellular enzyme which is responsible for blocking replication in viruses and participates in the progression of many cancers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to correlate the expression level of SAMHD1 with other apoptotic and autophagic genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. METHODS In the present study, mRNA levels of SAMHD1 with other apoptotic and autophagic-related genes were evaluated in patients who were newly diagnosed with AML. RESULTS SAMHD1, Bcl-xl, Bax, Bak, XIAP, and cIAP1 were downregulated in the AML group compared to the non-AML group (p < 0.05). SAMHD1 expression did not correlate with the other genes, while most apoptotic genes were positively correlated with each other. SAMHD1 expression was not associated with the blood routine or blast percentage of the AML patients, while Bax, Bak, cIAP2, and LC3 were significantly correlated with white blood cells. No statistically significant differences were found between the studied genes and prognosis stratifications, but Bcl-xl, Bak, cIAP1, and Mcl-1, LC3 were expressed at lower levels in the unfavorable AML group compared to the controls. CONCLUSION SAMHD1 and Bcl-xl, Bax, Bak, XIAP, and cIAP1 were downregulated in AML patients, while there were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics and prognosis with reference to SAMHD1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Jiang
- Hematology Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Hematology Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuogang Liu
- Hematology Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wang L, Li J, Shi X, Li S, Tang PMK, Li Z, Li H, Wei C. Antimalarial Dihydroartemisinin triggers autophagy within HeLa cells of human cervical cancer through Bcl-2 phosphorylation at Ser70. Phytomedicine 2019; 52:147-156. [PMID: 30599894 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an effective antimalarial medicine, Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has therapeutic potential on human cervical cancer. However, its working mechanism has not been elucidated. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the reversal effect of DHA on human cervical cancer HeLa cells, and explored its mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS The effect and mechanism of DHA on HeLa cells was examined by using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. RESULTS In this study, it was confirmed that DHA had statistically equivalent anti-tumor efficiency in HeLa cells with a clinical chemotherapeutic agent of cisplatin. Meanwhile, DHA triggered autophagy, where LC3B-II expression was dose-dependently increased. Further, it was revealed that DHA promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, with DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) damage, as up-regulation of γH2AX protein and foci formation. Interestingly, we firstly demonstrated that DHA induced autophagy through promotion of the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 (Ser70), independent of the phosphorylated JNK1/2 (Thr183/Tyr185). Moreover, DHA-treated HeLa cells displayed an increase in the pro-autophagic protein Beclin-1 with downregulated the phospho-mTOR (Ser2448). Furthermore, upregulated pro-apoptotic protein Bak-1, but not Bax, suggesting Bak-1 is included in DHA-induced autophagy. CONCLUSION Therefore, DHA upregulates the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 (Ser70) and mTOR (Ser2448) and induces autophagic cell death in Hela cells. This study provided a mechanism to support DHA, an autophagy inducer, as a potential therapeutic agent for human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jianchun Li
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050081, China.
| | - Shenghao Li
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis Prophylaxis and Treatment by Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Research Center of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Torrealba N, Rodriguez-Berriguete G, Fraile B, Olmedilla G, Martínez-Onsurbe P, Sánchez-Chapado M, Paniagua R, Royuela M. PI3K pathway and Bcl-2 family. Clinicopathological features in prostate cancer. Aging Male 2018; 21:211-222. [PMID: 29316844 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1424130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathways and Bcl-2 family play a central role in prostate cancer (PC). The aim was to determine influence in the biochemical progression in PC. To evaluate the association between clinic pathological and immunohistochemical variables, Spearman's test was performed. Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves were used for survival comparisons. To explore the correlation of the studied immunohistochemical parameters and the established prognostic variables with biochemical progression, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional Hazard regression analyses were performed. Spearman analysis showed correlation between stroma expression and tumor expression of PI3K with biochemical progression (p = .009, p = .004), respectively, and tumor immunohistochemical score with biochemical progression (p = .051). In the multivariate Cox regression model, only PI3K was retained as independent predictors of biochemical progression. In stroma expression, PI3K is (HR 0.172, 95% CI 0.065-0.452, p = .000); tumor expression, PI3K is (HR 0.087, 95% CI 0.026-0.293, p = .000), and tumor immunohistochemical score (HR 0.382, 95% CI 0.209-0.697 p = .002). Our results suggest a role for prostatic expression of PI3K was prognostic markers for PC. PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Bcl-2 family are becoming an important therapeutic target and predictive biomarkers of onset and progression of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norelia Torrealba
- a Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology , University of Alcalá , Alcalá de Henares , Spain
| | | | - Benito Fraile
- a Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology , University of Alcalá , Alcalá de Henares , Spain
| | - Gabriel Olmedilla
- b Department of Pathology , University of Alcalá , Alcalá de Henares , Spain
| | | | | | - Ricardo Paniagua
- a Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology , University of Alcalá , Alcalá de Henares , Spain
| | - Mar Royuela
- a Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology , University of Alcalá , Alcalá de Henares , Spain
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Chen BC, Hung MY, Wang HF, Yeh LJ, Pandey S, Chen RJ, Chang RL, Viswanadha VP, Lin KH, Huang CY. GABA tea attenuates cardiac apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by enhancing PI3K/Akt-mediated survival pathway and suppressing Bax/Bak dependent apoptotic pathway. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:789-797. [PMID: 29708300 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is the major risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) tea on hypertension-induced cardiac apoptotic pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In order to reveal the mechanisms, 36 male SHR at eight weeks of age, 200 g were divided into six groups. One group was fed water as a control group. Other rats were administered one of the following treatments: GABA tea at dose 150 and 300 mg/kg/day as low GABA tea (LGT) and high GABA tea (HGT) groups, respectively, pure GABA at dose 150 and 300 mg/kg/day as LG and HG groups, respectively, green tea (GT) as control of LGT and HGT groups. After 12 weeks, cardiac tissues were analyzed by histological analysis, western blotting, and TUNEL assays. GABA tea, GT, and pure GABA decreased hypertension-induced cardiac abnormalities, including abnormal myocardial architecture. In addition, GABA tea, GT, and pure GABA dramatically increased anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2. Furthermore, GABA tea, GT, and pure GABA also decreased activated-caspase 9 and activated-caspase 3. Additionally, the survival associated protein IGF-I and PI3K/Akt were enhanced in cardiac tissues upon treatment. Our results showed an optimistic anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects of GABA tea treatment against hypertensive rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bih-Cheng Chen
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Hung
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate Programs of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Lin Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuan-Ho Lin
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Togliatto G, Dentelli P, Rosso A, Lombardo G, Gili M, Gallo S, Gai C, Solini A, Camussi G, Brizzi MF. PDGF-BB Carried by Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis in Diabetes. Diabetes 2018; 67:704-716. [PMID: 29386225 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (CD31EVs) constitute a new entity for therapeutic/prognostic purposes. The roles of CD31EVs as mediators of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are investigated herein. We demonstrated that, unlike serum-derived extracellular vesicles in individuals without diabetes, those in individuals with diabetes (D CD31EVs) boosted apoptosis resistance of VSMCs cultured in hyperglycemic condition. Biochemical analysis revealed that this effect relies on changes in the balance between antiapoptotic and proapoptotic signals: increase of bcl-2 and decrease of bak/bax. D CD31EV cargo analysis demonstrated that D CD31EVs are enriched in membrane-bound platelet-derived growth factor-BB (mbPDGF-BB). Thus, we postulated that mbPDGF-BB transfer by D CD31EVs could account for VSMC resistance to apoptosis. By depleting CD31EVs of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) or blocking the PDGF receptor β on VSMCs, we demonstrated that mbPDGF-BB contributes to D CD31EV-mediated bak/bax and bcl-2 levels. Moreover, we found that bak expression is under the control of PDGF-BB-mediated microRNA (miR)-296-5p expression. In fact, while PDGF-BB treatment recapitulated D CD31EV-mediated antiapoptotic program and VSMC resistance to apoptosis, PDGF-BB-depleted CD31EVs failed. D CD31EVs also increased VSMC migration and recruitment to neovessels by means of PDGF-BB. Finally, we found that VSMCs, from human atherosclerotic arteries of individuals with T2D, express low bak/bax and high bcl-2 and miR-296-5p levels. This study identifies the mbPDGF-BB in D CD31EVs as a relevant mediator of diabetes-associated VSMC resistance to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arturo Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giusy Lombardo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maddalena Gili
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Gallo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Gai
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Vuillier C, Lohard S, Fétiveau A, Allègre J, Kayaci C, King LE, Braun F, Barillé-Nion S, Gautier F, Dubrez L, Gilmore AP, Juin PP, Maillet L. E2F1 interacts with BCL-xL and regulates its subcellular localization dynamics to trigger cell death. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:234-243. [PMID: 29233828 PMCID: PMC5797968 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F1 is the main pro-apoptotic effector of the pRB-regulated tumor suppressor pathway by promoting the transcription of various pro-apoptotic proteins. We report here that E2F1 partly localizes to mitochondria, where it favors mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. E2F1 interacts with BCL-xL independently from its BH3 binding interface and induces a stabilization of BCL-xL at mitochondrial membranes. This prevents efficient control of BCL-xL over its binding partners, in particular over BAK resulting in the induction of cell death. We thus identify a new, non-BH3-binding regulator of BCL-xL localization dynamics that influences its anti-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Lohard
- CRCINA, INSERM, U1232, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jennifer Allègre
- LNC, INSERM, UMR866, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Cémile Kayaci
- LNC, INSERM, UMR866, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Louise E King
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Fabien Gautier
- CRCINA, INSERM, U1232, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Laurence Dubrez
- LNC, INSERM, UMR866, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Andrew P Gilmore
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Philippe P Juin
- CRCINA, INSERM, U1232, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- ICO René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
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Sulkowska U, Wincewicz A, Kanczuga-Koda L, Koda M, Sulkowski S. Comparison of E-cadherin with STAT3 and apoptosis regulators: Bak and Bcl-xL in endometrioid adenocarcinomas of different ER-alpha immunoprofile. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:171-174. [PMID: 28937296 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1379494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is a factor of good prognosis in endometrioid adenocarcinomas, while STAT3 is an oncogenic driver of carcinogenesis. E-cadherin, Bak, Bcl-xL and STAT3 were immunohistochemically detected in 78 human endometrioid adenocarcinomas. E-cadherin correlated with STAT3 (p <. 001, r = 0.537) as well as Bak (p = .005, r = 0.314) and Bcl-xL (p = .002, r = 0.340) in the whole study group. In G2 tumors, E-cadherin associated with Bak (p = .021, r = 0.319), Bcl-xL (p = .026, r = 0.309) and STAT3 (p <.001, r = 0.513) but not in G3 adenocarcinomas. E-cadherin correlated with Bak and Bcl-xL in both G1- and estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors with significant relation of E-cadherin and STAT3 in G1- and ER-negative tumors. Antigrowth synergy of expression was preserved for antiapoptotic Bak and proliferation-suppressing E-cadherin in IA adenocarcinomas (p = .031, r = 0.342) with no significance between Bak and E-cadherin or STAT3 and emerging correlation between E-cadherin and Bcl-xL in IB + II tumors instead (p = .003, r = 0.472). E-cadherin correlated with Bak and Bcl-xL in ER-positive adenocarcinomas (p = .002, r = 0.382 and p <.001, r = 0.439, respectively) but not in ER-negative tumors. In conclusion, expression deregulation of studied proteins is reflected in selective loss of correlation between suppressors of tumor growth (E-cadherin and Bak) presumably due to progressing impairment of growth-inhibitory properties of clone of neoplastic cells within higher staging and poorer differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Sulkowska
- a Department of General Pathomorphology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Andrzej Wincewicz
- b Department of Pathology (NZOZ Zakład Patologii Spółka z o.o.), Non-Public Health Care Unit , Kielce , Poland
| | - Luiza Kanczuga-Koda
- c Department of Pathology , Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Bialystok Oncology Center , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Mariusz Koda
- a Department of General Pathomorphology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Stanislaw Sulkowski
- a Department of General Pathomorphology , Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland
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Karch J, Schips TG, Maliken BD, Brody MJ, Sargent MA, Kanisicak O, Molkentin JD. Autophagic cell death is dependent on lysosomal membrane permeability through Bax and Bak. eLife 2017; 6:e30543. [PMID: 29148970 PMCID: PMC5697932 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells deficient in the pro-death Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bak are known to be resistant to apoptotic cell death, and previous we have shown that these two effectors are also needed for mitochondrial-dependent cellular necrosis (Karch et al., 2013). Here we show that mouse embryonic fibroblasts deficient in Bax/Bak1 are resistant to the third major form of cell death associated with autophagy through a mechanism involving lysosome permeability. Indeed, specifically targeting Bax only to the lysosome restores autophagic cell death in Bax/Bak1 null cells. Moreover, a monomeric-only mutant form of Bax is sufficient to increase lysosomal membrane permeability and restore autophagic cell death in Bax/Bak1 double-deleted mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Finally, increasing lysosomal permeability through a lysomotropic detergent in cells devoid of Bax/Bak1 restores autophagic cell death, collectively indicting that Bax/Bak integrate all major forms of cell death through direct effects on membrane permeability of multiple intracellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Karch
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of CincinnatiOhioUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Tobias G Schips
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of CincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - Bryan D Maliken
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of CincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of CincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of CincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of CincinnatiOhioUnited States
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterUniversity of CincinnatiOhioUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteCincinnatiUnited States
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50
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Zhang T, Qian H, Hu C, Lu H, Li JB, Wu YF, Li W. MiR-26a Mediates Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis by Targeting Histone Methyltransferase EZH2 Depending on Myc Expression. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:1188-1197. [PMID: 28977801 DOI: 10.1159/000481759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Ultraviolet B (UVB) damage is the most essential etiological factor in skin carcinogenesis, and apoptosis leads to the efficient elimination of UVB-damaged cells. However, the mechanisms underlying resistance to UVB-induced apoptosis remain unclear. METHODS HaCaT and A431 cells were used in the present study. Quantitative real-time PCR, single cell PCR, and western blotting were used to examine cancer-related gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS We report that miR-26a, which is upregulated upon UVB irradiation, promotes UVB-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells by targeting the histone methyltransferase EZH2. Moreover, the UVB/miR-26a/EZH2 regulatory axis largely depends on the MYC expression level. Interestingly, treatment with EZH2 inhibitors significantly enhanced UVB-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION miR-26a/EZH2 might be potential targets for skin cancer prevention and therapy.
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