551
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Behrens D, Huang Q, Geßner C, Rosenkranz P, Frey E, Locke B, Moritz RFA, Kraus FB. Three QTL in the honey bee Apis mellifera L. suppress reproduction of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor. Ecol Evol 2011; 1:451-8. [PMID: 22393513 PMCID: PMC3287329 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Varroa destructor is a highly virulent ectoparasitic mite of the honey bee Apis mellifera and a major cause of colony losses for global apiculture. Typically, chemical treatment is essential to control the parasite population in the honey bee colony. Nevertheless a few honey bee populations survive mite infestation without any treatment. We used one such Varroa mite tolerant honey bee lineage from the island of Gotland, Sweden, to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling reduced mite reproduction. We crossed a queen from this tolerant population with drones from susceptible colonies to rear hybrid queens. Two hybrid queens were used to produce a mapping population of haploid drones. We discriminated drone pupae with and without mite reproduction, and screened the genome for potential QTL using a total of 216 heterozygous microsatellite markers in a bulk segregant analysis. Subsequently, we fine mapped three candidate target regions on chromosomes 4, 7, and 9. Although the individual effect of these three QTL was found to be relatively small, the set of all three had significant impact on suppression of V. destructor reproduction by epistasis. Although it is in principle possible to use these loci for marker-assisted selection, the strong epistatic effects between the three loci complicate selective breeding programs with the Gotland Varroa tolerant honey bee stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Behrens
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergHoher Weg 4, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Qiang Huang
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergHoher Weg 4, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045, China
| | - Cornelia Geßner
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergHoher Weg 4, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Otago270 Great King Street, 9016 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter Rosenkranz
- Apicultural State Institute, University of HohenheimAugust-von-Hartmannstraße 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eva Frey
- Apicultural State Institute, University of HohenheimAugust-von-Hartmannstraße 13, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Barbara Locke
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUlls Väg 16, 750–07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin F A Moritz
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergHoher Weg 4, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - F B Kraus
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergHoher Weg 4, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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552
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Singh NK, Gupta DK, Jayaswal PK, Mahato AK, Dutta S, Singh S, Bhutani S, Dogra V, Singh BP, Kumawat G, Pal JK, Pandit A, Singh A, Rawal H, Kumar A, Rama Prashat G, Khare A, Yadav R, Raje RS, Singh MN, Datta S, Fakrudin B, Wanjari KB, Kansal R, Dash PK, Jain PK, Bhattacharya R, Gaikwad K, Mohapatra T, Srinivasan R, Sharma TR. The first draft of the pigeonpea genome sequence. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 21:98-112. [PMID: 24431589 PMCID: PMC3886394 DOI: 10.1007/s13562-011-0088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is an important grain legume of the Indian subcontinent, South-East Asia and East Africa. More than eighty five percent of the world pigeonpea is produced and consumed in India where it is a key crop for food and nutritional security of the people. Here we present the first draft of the genome sequence of a popular pigeonpea variety 'Asha'. The genome was assembled using long sequence reads of 454 GS-FLX sequencing chemistry with mean read lengths of >550 bp and >10-fold genome coverage, resulting in 510,809,477 bp of high quality sequence. Total 47,004 protein coding genes and 12,511 transposable elements related genes were predicted. We identified 1,213 disease resistance/defense response genes and 152 abiotic stress tolerance genes in the pigeonpea genome that make it a hardy crop. In comparison to soybean, pigeonpea has relatively fewer number of genes for lipid biosynthesis and larger number of genes for cellulose synthesis. The sequence contigs were arranged in to 59,681 scaffolds, which were anchored to eleven chromosomes of pigeonpea with 347 genic-SNP markers of an intra-species reference genetic map. Eleven pigeonpea chromosomes showed low but significant synteny with the twenty chromosomes of soybean. The genome sequence was used to identify large number of hypervariable 'Arhar' simple sequence repeat (HASSR) markers, 437 of which were experimentally validated for PCR amplification and high rate of polymorphism among pigeonpea varieties. These markers will be useful for fingerprinting and diversity analysis of pigeonpea germplasm and molecular breeding applications. This is the first plant genome sequence completed entirely through a network of Indian institutions led by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and provides a valuable resource for the pigeonpea variety improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra K. Singh
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Deepak K. Gupta
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Pawan K. Jayaswal
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Ajay K. Mahato
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Sutapa Dutta
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Shefali Bhutani
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Vivek Dogra
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Bikram P. Singh
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Giriraj Kumawat
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Jitendra K. Pal
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Awadhesh Pandit
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Archana Singh
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Hukum Rawal
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - G. Rama Prashat
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Ambika Khare
- />Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Rekha Yadav
- />Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Ranjit S. Raje
- />Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Mahendra N. Singh
- />Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005 India
| | - Subhojit Datta
- />Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, UP 208024 India
| | - Bashasab Fakrudin
- />University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka 580005 India
| | - Keshav B. Wanjari
- />Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Krishinagar, Akola, Maharasthra 444 104 India
| | - Rekha Kansal
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Prasanta K. Dash
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Pradeep K. Jain
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Ramcharan Bhattacharya
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Trilochan Mohapatra
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - R. Srinivasan
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Tilak R. Sharma
- />National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
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553
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Rajasekaran K, Cary JW, Jacks TJ, Stromberg KD, Cleveland TE. Inhibition of fungal growth in planta and in vitro by transgenic tobacco expressing a bacterial nonheme chloroperoxidase gene. Plant Cell Rep 2000; 19:333-338. [PMID: 30754783 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic tobacco plants producing chloroperoxidase (CPO-P), encoded by a novel gene from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia, were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Successful transformation was shown by PCR, Southern, northern and western blot analyses, and assays of CPO-P enzyme activity. Extracts from plants transformed with the CPO-P gene significantly reduced Aspergillus flavus colonies by up to 100% compared with extracts from control plants transformed with pBI121. Compared with controls, the transformed plants showed increased disease resistance in planta against a fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum destructivum, the causal agent of tobacco anthracnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rajasekaran
- USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Fax: +1-504-2864217 e-mail: , , , , , , US
| | - J W Cary
- USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Fax: +1-504-2864217 e-mail: , , , , , , US
| | - T J Jacks
- USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Fax: +1-504-2864217 e-mail: , , , , , , US
| | - K D Stromberg
- Department of Biology, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA, , , , , , US
| | - T E Cleveland
- USDA, ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA Fax: +1-504-2864217 e-mail: , , , , , , US
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554
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Abstract
As a result of the difficulties in improving disease resistance in farm animals by traditional phenotype selection, the achievement of such improvement is one of the most important applications of genome research. The major hurdle to this important goal is the collection of informative disease records to enable the segregation of disease resistance loci (DRL) to be traced in pedigrees. This paper reviews the principles for DRL identification by association analyses or by linkage analyses. Once linkage has been established, the location of the DRL may be further refined, a process which may eventually lead to the molecular characterisation of the causative gene(s) and mutation(s). A reliable map assignment of a DRL is sufficient for the practical utilisation of this knowledge, since the inheritance of the DRL can be traced by flanking markers. Marker-assisted selection concerns the use of linked markers for selection within populations, while marker-assisted introgression is used if DRL alleles are introgressed from a donor (resource) population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soller
- Silberman Life Sciences Institute, Department of Genetics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 597. S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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555
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Tabei Y, Kitade S, Nishizawa Y, Kikuchi N, Kayano T, Hibi T, Akutsu K. Transgenic cucumber plants harboring a rice chitinase gene exhibit enhanced resistance to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea). Plant Cell Rep 1998; 17:159-164. [PMID: 30736493 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A rice chitinase cDNA (RCC2) driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was introduced into cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through Agrobacterium mediation. More than 200 putative transgenic shoots were regenerated and grown on MS medium supplemented with 100 mg/l kanamycin. Sixty elongated shoots were examined for the presence of the integrated RCC2 gene and subsequently confirmed to have it. Of these, 20 were tested for resistance against gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) by infection with the conidia: 15 strains out of the 20 independent shoots exhibited a higher resistance than the control (non-transgenic plants). Three transgenic cucumber strains (designated CR29, CR32 and CR33) showed the highest resistance against B. cinerea: the spread of disease was inhibited completely in these strains. Chitinase gene expression in highly resistant transgenic strains (CR32 and CR33) was compared to that of a susceptible transgenic strain (CR20) and a control. Different responses for disease resistance were observed among the highly resistant strains. CR33 inhibited appressoria formation and penetration of hyphae. Although CR32 permitted penetration of hyphae, invasion of the infection hyphae was restricted. Furthermore, progenies of CR32 showed a segregation ratio of 3:1 (resistant:susceptible). As the disease resistance against gray mold was confirmed to be inheritable, these highly resistant transgenic cucumber strains would serve as good breeding materials for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tabei
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources (NIAR), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Fax-no.: +81-298-38-7073 E-mail: , , , , , , JP
| | - S Kitade
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami-machi, Ibaraki 300-03, Japan, , , , , , JP
| | - Y Nishizawa
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources (NIAR), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Fax-no.: +81-298-38-7073 E-mail: , , , , , , JP
| | - N Kikuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami-machi, Ibaraki 300-03, Japan, , , , , , JP
| | - T Kayano
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources (NIAR), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan Fax-no.: +81-298-38-7073 E-mail: , , , , , , JP
| | - T Hibi
- Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan, , , , , , JP
| | - K Akutsu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami-machi, Ibaraki 300-03, Japan, , , , , , JP
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556
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Nakajima H, Muranaka T, Ishige F, Akutsu K, Oeda K. Fungal and bacterial disease resistance in transgenic plants expressing human lysozyme. Plant Cell Rep 1997; 16:674-679. [PMID: 30727617 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The human lysozyme gene, which is assembled by the stepwise ligation of chemically synthesized oligonucleotides, was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv `SR1') by the Agrobacterium-mediated method. The introduced human lysozyme gene was highly expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, and the gene product accumulated in the transgenic tobacco plants. The transgenic tobacco plants showed enhanced resistance against the fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum - both conidia formation and mycelial growth were reduced, and the size of the colony was diminished. Microscopic observation revealed that the transgenic tobacco plants carried the resistant phenotype, analogous to that of the resistant cultivar `Kokubu' which had been selected by conventional breeding. Growth of the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci was also strongly retarded in the transgenic tobacco, and the chlorotic halo of the disease symptom was reduced to 17% of that observed in the wild-type tobacco. Thus, the introduction of a human lysozyme gene is an effective approach to protect crops against both fungal and bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakajima
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., 2-1, 4-chome, Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan, , , , , , JP
| | - T Muranaka
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., 2-1, 4-chome, Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan, , , , , , JP
| | - F Ishige
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., 2-1, 4-chome, Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan, , , , , , JP
| | - K Akutsu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami-machi, Ibaraki 300-3, Japan, , , , , , JP
| | - K Oeda
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., 2-1, 4-chome, Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan, , , , , , JP
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