3201
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Haugen E, Chen J, Wikström J, Grönros J, Gan LM, Fu LXM. Parallel gene expressions of IL-6 and BNP during cardiac hypertrophy complicated with diastolic dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Cardiol 2006; 115:24-8. [PMID: 16762434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Revised: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is increasing evidence showing that inflammation is involved in heart failure. However, heart failure may differ greatly due to different aetiologies. The role of inflammation in hypertensive heart failure, particularly in the early stage of cardiac dysfunction, has not been studied completely. This study aims at finding out whether inflammation is involved in the early stage of heart dysfunction due to hypertension. METHODS Ten spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and ten age-matched Wistar rats were used. Cardiac morphology and function, as well as coronary flow reserve, were examined by echocardiography. mRNAs for cytokines and brain natriuretic peptide were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS The results demonstrate cardiac hypertrophy with increased heart/body weight ratio in SHR. Echocardiographic examination has shown that SHR developed diastolic heart dysfunction as determined by tissue Doppler without decrease in systolic function. In heart biopsies, there were increased mRNA levels for interleukin-6 and brain natriuretic peptide whereas decreased mRNA for interleukin-2, beta adrenergic receptor, interferon and NFkb in SHR as compared to WKY group. Coronary flow remained unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSION SHR developed cardiac hypertrophy complicated with diastolic heart dysfunction with increased expression of brain natriuretic peptide, down-regulation of beta adrenergic receptors and simultaneous up-regulation of IL-6, which indicates active proinflammatory process as, at least partly, underlying mechanism during the early stage when cardiac hypertrophy associated with diastolic dysfunction occurs.
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3202
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Woodward DF, Phelps RL, Krauss AHP, Weber A, Short B, Chen J, Liang Y, Wheeler LA. Bimatoprost: A Novel Antiglaucoma Agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 22:103-20. [PMID: 15179448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2004.tb00134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of glaucoma therapy is to preserve vision by reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). Following recent National Eye Institute sponsored studies, it is becoming increasingly apparent that every mmHg of extra IOP lowering counts. Bimatoprost is the newest and most effective addition to the physician's armamentarium of ocular hypotensive drugs. Direct clinical comparisons have demonstrated that it is more efficacious than the prostaglandin (PG) FP receptor agonist prodrugs, latanoprost and travoprost, as well as a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, timolol, alone or in fixed combination with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, dorzolamide. Moreover, patients that are refractory to latanoprost therapy may be successfully treated with bimatoprost. Such evidence provides support, at the clinical level, for the contention that bimatoprost is pharmacologically distinct from PG FP receptor agonist prodrugs. Bimatoprost is a structural analog of PGF2alpha-ethanolamide (prostamide F2alpha), which is formed from the endocannabinoid anandamide by a biosynthetic pathway involving cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Their pharmacology is remarkably similar, such that bimatoprost may be regarded as a prostamide mimetic. The target receptor for bimatoprost and the prostamides appears unique and unrelated to PG- and endocannabinoid-sensitive receptors. Extensive ocular distribution/metabolism studies in non-human primates demonstrate that bimatoprost is not a prodrug, it remains essentially intact. Its profound ocular hypotensive effects may, therefore, be attributed to its prostamide-mimetic properties.
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3203
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Schreiber E, Lehmann J, Chen J, Faddegon B. SU-FF-T-341: New BEAMnrc Tools for Photon and Electron Beam Model Analysis. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3204
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Wong E, Rodrigues G, Yartsev S, Dar R, Chen J. TU-D-ValA-08: Geometric Considerations for Optimizing Beam Directions for IMAT Treatment of Lung Cancer with Mediastinum Nodal Irradiation. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3205
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Lehmann J, Schreiber E, Chen J, Faddegon B. SU-FF-T-273: Improved Calculation of Energy Spectra From Electron Depth Dose Curves. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3206
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Chen J, Moore WH, Yuen GY, Kobayashi D, Caswell-Chen EP. Influence of Lysobacter enzymogenes Strain C3 on Nematodes. J Nematol 2006; 38:233-239. [PMID: 19259452 PMCID: PMC2586455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinolytic microflora may contribute to biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes by causing decreased egg viability through degradation of egg shells. Here, the influence of Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3 on Caenorhabditis elegans, Heterodera schachtii, Meloidogyne javanica, Pratylenchus penetrans, and Aphelenchoides fragariae is described. Exposure of C. elegans to L. enzymogenes strain C3 on agar resulted in almost complete elimination of egg production and death of 94% of hatched juveniles after 2 d. Hatch of H. schachtii eggs was about 50% on a lawn of L. enzymogenes strain C3 on agar as compared to 80% on a lawn of E. coli. Juveniles that hatched on a lawn of L. enzymogenes strain C3 on agar died due to disintegration of the cuticle and body contents. Meloidogyne javanica juveniles died after 4 d exposure to a 7-d-old chitin broth culture of L. enzymogenes strain C3. Immersion of A. fragariae, M. javanica, and P. penetrans juveniles and adults in a nutrient broth culture of L. enzymogenes strain C3 led to rapid death and disintegration of the nematodes. Upon exposure to L. enzymogenes strain C3 cultures in nutrient broth, H. schachtii juveniles were rapidly immobilized and then lysed after three days. The death and disintegration of the tested nematodes suggests that toxins and enzymes produced by this strain are active against a range of nematode species.
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3207
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del Río C, Torres L, Chen J, López L, Schnaas M, Hernández M, Osorio E, Cebrián M, Galván M. Prenatal Dietary Deficiency of Vitamin B12 and Neurodevelopment During the First Year of Life. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s252-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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3208
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Chen J, Tan B, Karteris E, Zervou S, Digby J, Hillhouse EW, Vatish M, Randeva HS. Secretion of adiponectin by human placenta: differential modulation of adiponectin and its receptors by cytokines. Diabetologia 2006; 49:1292-302. [PMID: 16570162 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pregnancy, a state of insulin resistance, is associated with elevated levels of cytokines and profound alterations in metabolism. Serum adiponectin, an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitising properties, has been shown to be lower in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus, a state of greater insulin resistance than normal pregnancies. Hypothesising that the human placenta is a source of adiponectin, we investigated its expression and secretion, and the regulation by cytokines of adiponectin and its receptors. METHODS Real-time RT-PCR, radioimmunoassay, Western blotting, radioligand binding and immunofluorescent analyses were applied to demonstrate the expression, secretion and functionality of placental adiponectin. RESULTS Adiponectin gene expression and protein were found in the human term placenta, with expression primarily in the syncytiotrophoblast. RIA of conditioned media from explant experiments revealed that the placenta can secrete adiponectin in vitro. Addition of conditioned media to HEK-293 cells transfected with the gene for adiponectin receptor-1 (ADIPOR1) altered the phosphorylation status of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, an effect abolished after preabsorption with adiponectin antibody. Cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6 and leptin, differentially modulated placental adiponectin receptors as well as adiponectin gene expression and secretion. Interestingly, in placentae from women with gestational diabetes mellitus, we observed significant downregulation of adiponectin mRNA, significant upregulation of ADIPOR1 expression, and a non-significant increase in ADIPOR2 expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that the human placenta produces and secretes adiponectin, and that adiponectin and its receptors are differentially regulated by cytokines and their expression altered in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Collectively, our novel data suggest that adiponectin may play a role in adapting energy metabolism at the materno-fetal interface.
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3209
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Chen H, Chen J, Morin O, Descovich M, Aubry J, Aubin M, Pouliot J. SU-FF-T-116: Calibration of the Perkin Elmer AG9 Flat Panel Portal Imager for Exit Dosimetry. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3210
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Chen J, Hierons R, Ural H. Overcoming observability problems in distributed test architectures. INFORM PROCESS LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ipl.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3211
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Wang X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Xu H, Tian Z, Chen J, Zhong H, Liang Y, Yi B. Micro-porous layer with composite carbon black for PEM fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3212
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Chen J, Schreiber E, Lehmann J, Faddegon B. SU-FF-T-293: Inter-Linac and Intra-Linac Variability of X-Ray and Electron Dose Distributions. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3213
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Norman DJ, Chen J, Yuen JMF, Mangravita-Novo A, Byrne D, Walsh L. Control of Bacterial Wilt of Geranium with Phosphorous Acid. PLANT DISEASE 2006; 90:798-802. [PMID: 30781242 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-0798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Various bactericides were screened for efficacy in protecting geranium plants (Pelargonium hortorum) from Ralstonia solanacearum infection. Many of these bactericides were found to slow the disease progress; however, they were not able to protect the plants from infection and subsequent death. Potassium salts of phosphorous acid were found to be effective in protecting plants from infection when applied as a drench. The active portion of the potassium salts was found to be phosphorous acid (H3PO3). Phosphorous acid was found to inhibit in vitro growth of R. solanacearum. It is thought to be protecting plants from infection by acting as a bacteriostatic compound in the soil. The plants, however, are not protected from aboveground infection on wounded surfaces. Phosphorous acid drenches were shown to protect geranium plants from infection by either race 1 or 3 of R. solanacearum. Other phosphorous-containing products commonly used in the industry, such as phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), were not able to protect plants from bacterial wilt infection.
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3214
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Craig J, Wong E, Gladwish A, Oliver M, Chen J. SU-FF-T-296: Inverse Treatment Planning Using Volume Sampling with Monte Carlo Dose Calculations. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3215
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Chen H, Chen J, Morin O, Descovich M, Aubry J, Aubin M, Pouliot J. WE-E-ValA-07: 3D Dose Reconstruction with Megavoltage Cone-Beam CT and EPID Exit Dosimetry. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3216
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Argyle N, Thomas H, Chen J, Simonsen S, Gren L, Lyon J. Childhood Asthma Rates in a Non-Smoking Population of Utah Compared to State and National Rates. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s237-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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3217
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Wang J, Chen J, Konstantinov K, Zhao L, Ng S, Wang G, Guo Z, Liu H. Sulphur-polypyrrole composite positive electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3218
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del Rio Garcia C, Sanchez TL, Chen J, Carrillo LL, Schnaas M, Hernandez M, Osorio E, Garcia CM, Portillo GM. Prenatal Dietary Deficiency of Vitamin B12 and Neurodevelopment During the First Year of Life. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s19-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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3219
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Oliver M, Gladwish A, Craig J, Chen J, Wong E. SU-DD-A1-05: A Ray Tracing Method to Generate Initial Conditions for IMAT Optimization. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2240133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3220
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Aubin M, Morin O, Aubry J, Chen J, Descovich M, Pouliot J. TU-FF-A3-06: Dose Calculation in Presence of a Metallic Object Using Megavoltage Cone-Beam CT. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3221
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Faddegon B, Lehmann J, Chen J, Schreiber E. SU-FF-T-133: Commissioning Electron Beams with Monte Carlo Simulation Based On Large Field Measurements. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3222
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Goldman P, Chen J, Wong E, Battista J. SU-FF-T-175: Dose Rate Optimization for Intensity-Modulated Arc Therapy. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3223
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Descovich M, Morin O, Aubry J, Aubin M, Chen H, Chen J, Bani-Hashemi A, Geffen M, Kelly K, Pang G, Pouliot J. TH-D-ValB-05: Evaluation of Image Quality in Megavoltage Digital Tomosynthesis. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3224
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Morin O, Gillis A, Aubin M, Chen J, Mu G, Bucci K, Pouliot J. TH-D-VaIB-04: Patient Alignment Using Megavoltage Cone-Beam CT. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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3225
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Chen J, Zacharek A, Li A, Zhang C, Ding J, Roberts C, Lu M, Kapke A, Chopp M. Vascular endothelial growth factor mediates atorvastatin-induced mammalian achaete-scute homologue-1 gene expression and neuronal differentiation after stroke in retired breeder rats. Neuroscience 2006; 141:737-744. [PMID: 16730914 PMCID: PMC2791335 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis declines with advancing age. The mammalian achaete-scute homologue-1 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, which controls neuronal differentiation. In this study, we first tested whether atorvastatin treatment enhances neurological functional outcome and neuronal differentiation after stroke in retired breeder 12 month rats. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated with or without atorvastatin (3 mg/kg) for 7 days. Atorvastatin significantly increased expression of mammalian achaete-scute homologue-1, beta-tubulin III, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the ischemic brain, and concomitantly improved functional outcome compared with middle cerebral artery occlusion control rats. Increased neurogenesis significantly correlated with functional recovery after stroke. To further investigate the mechanisms of atorvastatin-induced neuronal differentiation, experiments were performed on neurospheres derived from retired breeder rat subventricular zone cells. Atorvastatin increased neuronal differentiation and upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian achaete-scute homologue-1 gene expression in cultured neurospheres. Vascular endothelial growth factor-treated neurospheres significantly increased mammalian achaete-scute homologue-1 and beta-tubulin III expression. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor decreased atorvastatin-induced mammalian achaete-scute homologue-1 and beta-tubulin III expression. These data indicate that atorvastatin increases neuronal differentiation in retired breeder rats. In addition, atorvastatin upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression, influences mammalian achaete-scute homologue-1 transcription factor, which in turn, facilitates an increase in subventricular zone neuronal differentiation. These atorvastatin-mediated molecular events may contribute to the improved functional outcome in retired breeder rats subjected to stroke.
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