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Kumar GP, Yadav SK, Thawale PR, Singh SK, Juwarkar AA. Growth of Jatropha curcas on heavy metal contaminated soil amended with industrial wastes and Azotobacter. A greenhouse study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:2078-82. [PMID: 17482809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of organic wastes (biosludge and dairy sludge) and biofertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum) on the planting conditions of Jatropha curcas in metal contaminated soils. Results showed that the plants survival rate in heavy metal contaminated soil increased with addition of amendments. Treatment T6 (heavy metal contaminated soils+dairy sludge+biofertilizer) observed to be the best treatment for growth (height and biomass) as compared with the treatment T5 (heavy metal contaminated soils+biosludge+biofertilizer). In addition, organic amendments provided nutrients such as carbon, N, P and K to support plant growth and reduced the metal toxicity to plant. The present study showed that metal contaminated lands/soils could be suitably remediated by adapting appropriate measures.
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Prasad AK, Singh SK, Kalra N, Singhal N, Wengel J, Parmar VS. Novel selective biocatalytic deacylation studies on key precursors for bicyclonucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 26:1517-21. [PMID: 18066818 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701544302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase and Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase catalyze the deacylation of precursors of LNA analogs, 4'-C-acyloxymethyl-2',3',5'-tri-O-acyl-beta-L-threo-pentofuranosylthymine and 4-C-acyloxymethyl-3,5-di-O-acyl-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-beta-L-threo-pentofuranose, respectively in a highly selective and efficient manner.
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Singh SK, Agarwal MM, Batra YK, Kishore AVK, Mandal AK. Effect of lumbar-epidural administration of tramadol on lower urinary tract function. Neurourol Urodyn 2008; 27:65-70. [PMID: 17626273 DOI: 10.1002/nau.20465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Intrathecal and epidural administration of micro-agonist opioids is associated with urinary retention, a potentially serious adverse-event. In animal studies tramadol has been found not to affect voiding function. We evaluated urodynamic effects of epidural tramadol in humans. METHODS Fifteen adults planned for cystoscopy under local-anesthesia underwent urodynamics (UDS) at baseline and 30 min after administration of 100 mg tramadol in lumbar-epidural space. UDS consisted of filling cystometry, pressure-flow study and pelvic floor electromyography (EMG). Subsequently, all underwent cystoscopy and were observed for 6 hr. RESULTS After injection of tramadol, a significant rise was observed in bladder capacity (391.8 +/- 179.6 ml vs. 432.7 +/- 208.8 ml; P = 0.019) and compliance (60.1 +/- 51.5 ml/cm H(2)O vs. 83.0 +/- 63.0 ml/cm H(2)O; P = 0.011) without a significant change in filling pressure (22.5 +/- 13.2 cm H(2)O vs. 24.1 +/- 15.1 cm H(2)O; P = 0.576). Filling sensations were delayed significantly (P < or = 0.05). EMG during filling phase showed a significant fall (P = 0.027). Peak flow-rate (Q(max)), average flow-rate, postvoid residue and detrusor pressure-at-Q(max) did not show significant change from baseline (P > 0.05). Three patients had bladder outlet obstruction which did not worsen after the injection. Guarding reflex was inhibited in seven out of 12 patients who had it at baseline (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Epidural tramadol increases the bladder capacity and compliance and delays filling-sensations, without ill effect on voiding. This seems true even for patients with obstructed outflow; however, due to small number of patients a definite conclusion cannot be derived. These results will guide clinician to avoid catheterization in cases where epidural tramadol is used for postoperative pain. The inhibitory effects of tramadol on EMG activity are intriguing and need further studies.
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379
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Panagiotopoulos DA, Newcomb RW, Singh SK. Planning with a functional neural network architecture. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS 2008; 10:115-27. [PMID: 18252508 DOI: 10.1109/72.737498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article introduces the concept of planning in an interactive environment between two systems: the challenger and the responder. The responder's task is to produce behavior that relates to the challenger's behavior through some response function. In this setup, we concentrate planning on the responder's actions and use the produced plan in order to control the responder. In general, the responder is assumed to be a nonlinear system whose input-output (I/O) map may be expressed by a Volterra series. The planner uses an estimate of the challenger's future output sequence, the response function, and a model of the responder's I/O relation implemented through a functional artificial neural network (FANN) architecture, in order to produce the input sequence that will be applied to the responder in the future, in parallel-time with the challenger's corresponding output sequence. The responder accepts input from the planner, which may be combined with feedback information, in order to produce an output sequence that relates to the challenger's output sequence according to the response function. The importance of planning for the generation of smooth behavior is discussed, and the effectiveness of the planner's implementation using neural network technology is demonstrated with an example.
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380
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Singh SK, Biswas R, Choudhury M, Pujani M. Oxyphilic clear cell carcinoma ovary. J Postgrad Med 2008; 54:326-7. [DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.43519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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381
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Singh SK, Sharma RK, Maity J, Wengel J, Parmar VS, Prasad AK. Greener biocatalytic approach to the synthesis of nucleosides and their precursors. NUCLEIC ACIDS SYMPOSIUM SERIES (2004) 2008; 52:273-274. [PMID: 18776359 DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrn138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Novel, efficient and selective biocatalytic acylation / deacylation strategies have been used for the greener synthesis of precursors of different bicyclonucleosides. Biocatalytic methodology has also been developed for the separation of pyrano- and furanonucleosides, which is otherwise almost impossible to achieve by usual chemical approach.
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Abstract
Primary extracranial meningiomas occur very rarely. We present a rare case of extracranial meningioma of the transitional variant which was excised satisfactorily. There was no suggestion of any connection to the intracranial compartment or cranial nerves. The underlying galea was uninvolved, suggesting the true extracranial nature of this tumour. This rare diagnosis should nonetheless be kept in the differential diagnosis of scalp tumors.
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383
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Khurma UR, Deo RR, Singh SK. Incidence of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Fiji: a preliminary investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/sp08014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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384
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Singh SK, Marupaka SK. Duodenal date seed bezoar: a very unusual cause of partial gastric outlet obstruction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 51 Spec No.:B126-9. [PMID: 17875133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2007.01810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bezoars are concretions of undigested or partially digested foreign material in the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract of humans or animals. Originally described from Persia, they have been known to mankind for centuries. Bezoars are an uncommon cause of benign mechanical gastric outlet obstruction. A variety of materials have been found to form bezoars, such as hair, undigested food, persimmons, milk products, medicines, etc. Development of bezoars is usually associated with predisposing risk factors. We describe a very unusual case of duodenal date seed bezoar causing partial gastric outlet obstruction in a person with no known risk factors. To the best of our knowledge, duodenal bezoars formed by date seeds have not been reported previously in the English literature.
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385
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Durga Praveen Kumar D, Mitra S, Senthil K, Sharma A, Nagesh KV, Singh SK, Mondal J, Roy A, Chakravarthy DP. Characterization and analysis of a pulse power system based on Marx generator and Blumlein. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:115107. [PMID: 18052504 DOI: 10.1063/1.2813898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A pulse power system (1 MV, 50 kA, and 100 ns) based on Marx generator and Blumlein pulse forming line has been studied for characterization of a general system. Total erected Marx inductance and series resistance are calculated from modular testing of Marx generator and testing of Marx generator with Blumlein. The complete pulse power system has been tested with the termination of a liquid resistor load for finding the Blumlein characteristic impedance. Equivalent electrical circuits during the charging and discharging of the Blumlein are constructed from the characterized parameters of the system. These equivalent circuits can be used in the analysis of prepulse voltage and droop in the flat top of the main pulse in the pulse power systems based on Marx generator and Blumlein.
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386
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Masood I, Ahmad Z, Singh SK, Naaz S, Usmani Y. Tracheoesophageal fistula after acid ingestion. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2007; 55:811-812. [PMID: 18290562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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387
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Mehta SR, Das S, Singh SK. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Med J Armed Forces India 2007; 63:362-5. [PMID: 27408050 PMCID: PMC4922045 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(07)80017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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388
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Sachan S, Singh SK, Srivastava PC. Buildup of heavy metals in soil-water-plant continuum as influenced by irrigation with contaminated effluent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2007; 49:293-296. [PMID: 18476378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of heavy metals in soil-water-plant continuum as a result of irrigation with metals contaminated effluent has been studied. Effluents being used for irrigating agricultural fields had normal pH 7.3-7.5, high Cr and Cl content as per the prescribed standards for irrigation. Among the heavy metals, buildup of total Iron was highest (9 times) and that of cadmium (1.3 times) was lowest in effluent irrigated soil as compared to tubewell irrigated soils. In most of the hand pump water samples, Pb, Cd and Cr were above the permissible limits for drinking. Bioaccumulation of Pb and Cr in vegetables was found to be above the critical concentrations for plant growth while Pb and Cd were above the prescribed limit in the diet of animals. Most of the heavy metals were above the maximum allowable limit in soil.
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389
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Gupta K, Goyal R, Rastogi A, Kumar S, Agarwal NK, Singh SK. Orbital apex syndrome presenting with DKA. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2007; 55:718. [PMID: 18173025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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390
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Kumar S, Singh SK, Acharya N, Naja V, Kamat R, Mandal AK. Fibromatosis (desmoid tumor) in the urogenital system. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007; 99:135-6. [PMID: 17900580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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391
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Tembe AG, Bhojani K, Singh SK, Balakrishnan C, Joshi VR. Avascular necrosis of bone while on alendronate: report of a case. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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392
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Rai PK, Singh SK, Kesari AN, Watal G. Glycaemic evaluation of Psidium guajava in rats. Indian J Med Res 2007; 126:224-227. [PMID: 18037718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Many plant polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycaemic effect. Though the fruit of Psidium guajava is known to contain free sugars, the fruit extract showed hypoglycaemic effect in alloxan treated mice and human subjects. The present study was aimed to determine the glycaemic potential of P. guajava fruit peel extract on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal and streptozotocininduced sub-diabetic rats during fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance test (GTT). METHODS Female albino Wistar rats (n=42) were divided into seven equal groups, and were given different doses of fruit peel extract. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (ip) at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose levels were measured after collecting the blood from tail veins. RESULTS The diabetic and sub-diabetic models showed hyperglycaemic effect from a single oral administration of variable doses of P. guajava fruit peel extract. The maximum rise of 26.51 per cent was observed in BGL from a dose of 400 mg/kg bw exactly after 8 h of administration in normal rats whereas the maximum rise of 90.7 per cent was observed with the same dose of 400 mg/kg bw after 2 h of glucose administration in sub-diabetic rats. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The hyperglycaemic effect of P. guajava fruit peel suggests that the diabetic patients should peel off the guava fruits before consuming. However, it can also be useful in controlling hypoglycaemia occasionally caused due to excess of insulin and other hypoglycaemic drugs.
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393
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Masood I, Ahmad Z, Pandey DK, Singh SK. Role of simple needle aspiration in the management of spontaneous pneumothorax. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2007; 55:628-629. [PMID: 18051733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of simple needle aspiration in the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Not all patients with pneumothorax require intercostal tube drainage (ICTD). Some patients can be managed conservatively by simple needle aspiration of air from pleural space. It is a cheap and easy alternative to ICTD which can be done on out patient basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients of spontaneous pneumothorax presenting for the first time were included in this study, after obtaining baseline investigations like chest X-ray, ECG, serum creatinine, blood sugar etc. They were managed by ICTD or simple needle aspiration. Chest X-ray was done 6 hours after the procedure (ICTD), 24 hours after aspiration and prior to ICTD removal or before hospital discharge. Patients who had undergone simple needle aspiration were allowed to go home following a few hours of observation after explaining the warning symptoms and the need for reevaluation after 24 hrs, if prompt follow-up could be ensured otherwise they were admitted along with patients undergoing ICTD. RESULTS Eighty two patients of spontaneous pneumothorax were included in this study during a-period of 12 months (May- 04 to April - 05). Out of these 40 (49%) patients were managed by ICTD, 42 (51%) patients were subjected to simple needle aspiration. Thirty two (76%) patients responded to simple needle aspiration while the remaining 10 patients required ICTD finally. There were no complications in the patients managed by simple needle aspiration; they had less chest pain and lesser duration of hospital stay. CONCLUSION Spontaneous pneumothorax may be managed by simple needle air aspiration primarily, unless contraindicated (tension pneumothorax), or in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. For symptomatic patient it is the recommended procedure.
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394
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Acharya N, Mandal AK, Ranjan P, Kamat R, Kumar S, Singh SK. Labial fusion causing pseudoincontinence in an elderly woman. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007; 99:246-7. [PMID: 17669409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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395
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Juwarkar AA, Nair A, Dubey KV, Singh SK, Devotta S. Biosurfactant technology for remediation of cadmium and lead contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 68:1996-2002. [PMID: 17399765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This research focuses on column experiments conducted to evaluate the potential of environmentally compatible rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BS2 to remove heavy metals (Cd and Pb) from artificially contaminated soil. Results have shown that di-rhamnolipid removes not only the leachable or available fraction of Cd and Pb but also the bound metals as compared to tap water which removed the mobile fraction only. Washing of contaminated soil with tap water revealed that approximately 2.7% of Cd and 9.8% of Pb in contaminated soil was in freely available or weakly bound forms whereas washing with rhamnolipid removed 92% of Cd and 88% of Pb after 36 h of leaching. This indicated that di-rhamnolipid selectively favours mobilization of metals in the order of Cd>Pb. Biosurfactant specificity observed towards specific metal will help in preferential elution of specific contaminant using di-rhamnolipid. It was further observed that pH of the leachates collected from heavy metal contaminated soil column treated with di-rhamnolipid solution was low (6.60-6.78) as compared to that of leachates from heavy metal contaminated soil column treated with tap water (pH 6.90-7.25), which showed high dissolution of metal species from the contaminated soil and effective leaching of metals with treatment with biosurfactant. The microbial population of the contaminated soil was increased after removal of metals by biosurfactant indicating the decrease of toxicity of metals to soil microflora. This study shows that biosurfactant technology can be an effective and nondestructive method for bioremediation of cadmium and lead contaminated soil.
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396
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Agarwal MM, Mandal AK, Khandelwal N, Singh SK. Need for measurement of bone mineral density in patients of prostate cancer before and after orchidectomy: role of quantitative computer tomography. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2007; 55:486-90. [PMID: 17907497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy is the first-line systemic treatment of prostate cancer, orchidectomy remaining the most common mode in view of cost-effectiveness and better compliance. Accelerated bone loss is common after orchidectomy, which exacerbates osteoporosis already common in this patient-population. We studied the need of periodic measurement of bone mineral density after orchidectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty five patients of adenocarcinoma prostate opting for orchidectomy were prospectively studied. Follow up ranged from 6 to 18 months. Lumbar spinal (L1-L3) trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) at baseline and every 6 months after orchidectomy, and compared with preoperative values. RESULTS Mean (+/- SD) age of the patients was 69.9 +/- 7.9 years and BMD 115.7 +/- 35.7 mg/cm2 with T-score -1.89 +/- 1.26 and Z-score 0.30 +/- 1.30. Thirty three percent patients were osteoporotic at baseline, as defined by a T-score <-- 2.5. Fall of BMD six months after orchidectomy was statistically significant (12.1%, p = 0.0001) increasing the proportion of osteoporotics to 49%. Twenty four patients completing 12 months follow up, were separately analyzed and showed similar fall in BMD in first 6 months of follow up (13%) and further 8% loss in next six months. Ten patients were followed up for 18 months, and these did not show significant loss of BMD beyond 12 months (p = 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis is common in hormone-naive population affected by prostate cancer and orchidectomy leads to accelerated exacerbation of this bone loss. Periodic measurement of BMD using QCT after ADT would help in early detection of osteoporosis.
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397
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Adhya AK, Bal A, Singh SK. Mesonephroid adenocarcinoma of the female urethra. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2007; 50:603-5. [PMID: 17883155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
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398
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Kumar R, Goswami R, Agarwal S, Israni N, Singh SK, Rani R. Association and interaction of the TNF-alpha gene with other pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes and HLA genes in patients with type 1 diabetes from North India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:557-67. [PMID: 17498265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder where major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes and the insulin-linked polymorphic region have been shown to play major roles. We report here an integrated effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha with other cytokine genes. The TNF-alpha-308 GA and AA (high secretor) polymorphisms were significantly increased in the patients with T1D (n = 235) [P < 7 x 10(-6), odds ratio (OR) = 3.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.8-5.3] compared with the controls (n= 128). The variants of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (A(+874)T), interleukin (IL)-6 (G(-174)C), IL-10 (A(-1082)G, T(-819)C, C(-592)A) and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1 (T(cdn10)C, G(cdn25)C) did not show a significant difference between patients and controls. However, simultaneous presence of TNF-alpha-308 GA+AA along with both high and low secretor genotypes of IFN-gamma (P < 0.003) was significantly increased in patients. Simultaneous presence of TNF-alpha-308 GA + AA along with high secretor genotypes of IL-6 (P < 0.0001, OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.5-4.56), IL-10 (P < 0.0001, OR = 4.26, 95% CI = 1.9-10.1) and TGF-beta1 (P < 0.00004, OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.6-4.86) was also significantly increased in patients with T1D. Low secretor genotype of TNF-alpha-308 GG along with low secretor genotypes of IFN-gamma (P < 0.001, OR = 0.465, 95% CI = 0.28-0.77), high secretor genotypes of IL-6 (P < 0.000004, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.227-0.621) and TGF-beta1 (P < 0.000006, OR = 0.336, 95% CI = 0.198-0.568) was protective. The TNF-alpha-308 G allele was in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*0801-DRB1*0301 haplotype, while TNF-alpha-308 A allele was in LD with the HLA-B*5001-DRB1*0301 and B*5801-DRB1*0301 haplotypes, suggesting that the effect of TNF-alpha -308 A allele is not because of its being in LD with any HLA alleles, but because of its functional role and its integrated effect with other cytokines.
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Prakash J, Lodha M, Singh SK, Vohra R, Raja R. Diabetic retinopathy is a poor predictor of type of nephropathy in proteinuric type 2 diabetic patients. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2007; 55:412-6. [PMID: 17879494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both diabetic nephropathy (DN) and nondiabetic nephropathy (NDN) are reported to occur in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The precise diagnosis of the type of nephropathy has obvious clinical and prognostic implication. The aim of the study was to evaluate the histologic spectrum of nephropathy in proteinuric type 2 diabetic patients and to find the correlation between type of nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS Twenty eight proteinuric type 2 diabetic patients were included in the study. Five patients (ADPKD 3 and chronic pyelonephritis 2) were excluded from biopsy. Percutaneous renal biopsy was carried in remaining 23 patients. RESULTS There was a preponderance of male (75%) and majority of the patients were in the age group of 30-78 years. Duration of diabetes ranged between 4 months to 25 years with mean +/- SD of 10.53 +/- 7.62 years. The presenting features were nephrotic syndrome 14 (60.9%), non-nephrotic proteinuria 9 (39.1%) and impaired renal function in 19 (82.6%) patients. Renal biopsy in 23 cases revealed; isolated diabetic nephropathy 13 (56.2%), NDN7 (13.43%) and 3 (13%) patients had NDN superimposed on diabetic nephropathy. Membranous nephropathy (2), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (2), mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (1) were the nondiabetic glomerular disease in our type 2 diabetic patients. Chronic pyelonephritis and ischemic interstial nephropathy was the predominant tubulointerstial lesion in this study. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) observed in 12 (75%) patients with biopsy proven DN and absent in 4 (25%) patients with DN. The distribution of renal lesions in patients with DR (n = 15) showed DN in 9 (60%), NDN 3 (20%) and remaining 3 patients had combined lesions. Renal biopsy in 8 patients without DR showed typical DN in 4 (50%) and NDN in 4 (50%) patients. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates presence of both glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions unrelated to diabetes (NDN) in proteinuric type 2 diabetic patients. Further presence or absence of DR was a poor predictor of diabetic nephropathy because DN was noted in 50% of patients without DR and 40% of patients with DR had non-diabetic nephropathy either alone or in combination with DN.
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Abstract
A novel bioactive isoflavone glycoside 4',5,6,7-tetrahydroxy-8-methoxyisoflavone-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside from the methanolic extract of the leaves of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. Its structure A was elucidated by various spectral analysis and chemical degradations. This compound exhibited microbial activity against various bacteria and fungi.
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