Observation of transverse polarization asymmetries of charged pion pairs in e+e- annihilation near √s = 10.58 GeV

The interference fragmentation function translates the fragmentation of a quark with a transverse projection of the spin into an azimuthal asymmetry of two final-state hadrons. In e(+)e(-) annihilation the product of two interference fragmentation functions is measured. We report nonzero asymmetries for pairs of charge-ordered π(+)π(-) pairs, which indicate a significant interference fragmentation function in this channel. The results are obtained from a 672 fb(-1) data sample that contains 711 × 10(6) π(+)π(-) pairs and was collected at and near the Υ(4S) resonance, with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider.

The effect of vitamin-mineral supplementation on CRP and IL-6: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Inflammation is regarded as a risk predictor for metabolic syndrome and atherogenesis. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis to confirm the effect of vitamin-mineral supplementation on cytokine levels.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases up to May 2009 for randomised controlled trials regarding the effect of vitamin-mineral supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Eighteen trials with 1747 participants for CRP and nine trials with 1037 participants for IL-6 were included, respectively. Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by fixed- or random-effects model. No significant differences were observed for CRP and IL-6 reduction between the subjects with vitamin-mineral supplementation and placebo control. A dose-dependent manner for different body mass index (BMI) subgroups in CRP analysis was observed (weighted mean difference (WMD), -0.057; 95%CI: -0.753 to 0.639 for BMI<25; WMD, -0.426; 95%CI: -0.930 to 0.079 for 25 ≤ BMI < 30; WMD, -0.491; 95%CI: -1.407 to 0.424 for BMI ≥ 30). However, no significance was detected in meta-regression (-0.046, 95%CI: -0.135 to 0.044). Moreover, the best effect for reduction in CRP levels in a supplementation duration of 4 weeks-6 months (WMD, -0.449; 95%CI: -1.004 to 0.106) was observed compared with supplementation duration less than 4 weeks (WMD, -0.137; 95%CI, -0.816 to 0.541) and more than 6 months (WMD, -0.389; 95%CI, -1.034 to 0.257) without statistical significance (P = 0.059).

CONCLUSION

No statistically significant evidences for the potential dose-dependent manner of BMI and best supplement duration were detected in this study. Large and well-designed studies are recommended to confirm this conclusion.

Expression of IGF-1R in Colorectal Polyps and its Role in Colorectal Carcinogenesis

Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor 1 (IGF-1R) may play a role in the neoplastic progression of colorectal cancer because it is related to both cellular proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the role of IGF-1R in colorectal carcinogenesis by evaluating IGF-1R expression in different types of precancerous colorectal polyps and comparing its expression to normal mucosa and colorectal carcinoma. A total of 47 colorectal polyps and their respective adjacent normal mucosa were collected from 32 patients. In addition, 20 colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were obtained from patients undergoing colorectal resection, and 12 normal non-malignant colorectal mucosal tissues collected from outpatients served as the control group. The pit patterns of polyps were classified by the Kudo classification scheme through magnifying chromoendoscopy. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time RT-PCR were utilized for expression analysis of IGF-1R in colorectal mucosa, polyps, and adenocarcinoma tissue. The results of immunohistochemistry showed no significant differences in IGF-1R expression in inflammatory polyps compared with their surrounding normal mucosa by the Mann-Whitney U test (p = 0.251); however, tubular adenoma and villous adenoma tissues exhibited significantly higher levels of IGF-1R expression (p = 0.000). The results of real-time RT-PCR showed that IGF-1R was transcribed at a high level in colorectal adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinoma compared with their respective paired normal mucosa. Spearman's rank correlation two-variable analysis was used to demonstrate a significant correlation between the expression of IGF-1R and neoplastic progression from normal mucosa to adenomatous polyps and finally to colorectal cancer (r = 0.574, p = 0.000). This study suggests that the expression of IGF-1R correlates with the degree of carcinogenesis. In addition, these results demonstrated that there is a significant correlation between the level of IGF-1R expression and pit patterns of polyps (r = 0.432, p = 0.002). Thus, IGF-1R might be a factor in the morphological change of colorectal mucosal crypts, and it may play an important role in the growth and malignant transformation of precancerous polyps. These results suggest that IGF-1R can be considered a biomarker for the stage and risk of carcinogenesis during neoplastic initiation and progression along the colorectal normal mucosa-polyp-cancer sequence. Inhibitors of IGF-1R are not only a promising targeted anticancer strategy, but also a possible option for the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer.

Immunogenicity of a half-dose of adjuvanted 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine in adults: a prospective cohort study

We aimed to assess the immunogenicity of a single half-dose of AS03-adjuvanted monovalent 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccine in healthy adults. Healthy subjects age 20-60 years were prospectively enrolled in a cohort receiving intramuscular administration of a single half-dose (1.875 μg of hemagglutinin [HA]) of adjuvanted 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine. Data from participants enrolled in a concomitant study of immunogenicity following a full-dose (3.75 μg of HA) are presented concurrently. Sera for assessment of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody to the vaccine strain were obtained before and 14 or 21 days after vaccination. Ninety-seven participants received a half-dose and 50 received a full-dose of vaccine. In the half-dose cohort, Food and Drug Administration criteria for immunogenicity regarding seroprotection and seroconversion rates were met for subjects aged 20-45 years, but not for those aged 46-60 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of individuals achieving a post-vaccination HAI titre of ≥1:40, the geometric mean titres of post-vaccination antibody, or the proportion of individuals with a four-fold or greater increase in antibody levels between the two cohorts. Participants 46-60 years of age were significantly less likely to be seroprotected at day 21 than those 20-45 years old in both cohorts. Immunogenicity of a half dose of adjuvanted pH1N1 influenza vaccine was adequate in subjects aged 20-45 years. Dose reduction is a possible strategy for expanding the availability in the event of vaccine shortage in this age group.

Intermittent thermal manipulations of broiler embryos during late incubation and their immediate effect on the embryonic development and hatching process

Intermittent high (+3°C) and low (-3°C) temperature treatments for 4 h on embryonic day (E) 16, E17, and E18 showed differential effects on embryonic metabolism, without influencing embryonic growth or hatchability. Embryos in the high-temperature group shifted to a more anaerobic metabolism, as indicated by a lower partial pressure of O(2) and a higher partial pressure of CO(2) in the air cell, lower blood pH, and higher lactic acid production. Three hours after the end of the high-temperature treatment, a decrease in metabolism was observed, as indicated by the lower partial pressure of CO(2) and higher partial pressure of O(2) in the air cell and increased plasma triglyceride levels. The embryos in the low-temperature group responded by temporarily slowing down their metabolism, especially the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, as indicated by altered air cell gases, a higher relative yolk weight, higher plasma triglyceride level, and higher liver glycogen level. Three hours after the end of the temperature treatment, the metabolism of embryos in the low-temperature treatment had increased to the level of the control temperature group. However, for both temperature treatments, during the hatching process, all the shortages and excesses created were restored to control levels, which would explain the lack of change in embryo growth and hatchability and the slight delay in the hatching process. These mild consequences of the intermittent temperature treatment indicate that the different metabolic shifts made by the embryos seem to be efficient in overcoming the challenges of the intermittent high- or low-temperature treatment during late incubation.

CAC2634-disrupted mutant of Clostridium acetobutylicum can be electrotransformed in air

AIMS

To simplify the electrotransformation process of Clostridium acetobutylicum, which currently needs to be performed in an anaerobic chamber, thus laborious and time-consuming.

METHODS AND RESULTS

The CAC2634 gene encoding PerR is a known peroxide regulon repressor in Cl. acetobutylicum. CAC2634 in a previously constructed Restriction-Modification system deficient Cl. acetobutylicum mutant SMB009 was disrupted using ClosTron method. The resulted mutant SMB012 can be electrotransformed in air with an efficiency of 1.2-3.1 × 10(3) transformants μg(-1) DNA.

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrated that the disruption of CAC2634 in Cl. acetobutylicum enables its electrotransformation in air.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

The electrotransformation process of Cl. acetobutylicum could be significantly simplified, especially when operating multiple electrotransformations.

Bevacizumab prior to vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment

PURPOSE

To assess the efficacy and safety of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) before vitrectomy for diabetic tractional retinal detachment (TRD).

METHODS

Using ICD-9 codes, we located all patients with diabetic TRD who underwent 3-port 20-gauge vitrectomy primarily performed by one surgeon between January 2004 and January 2009. Eyes receiving IVB were compared with those not. The following outcomes were compared: visual acuity (VA), duration of surgery, and complication rates.

RESULTS

A total of 99 eyes of 90 patients were included in the analysis. In all, 34 patients received IVB on an average of 11.5 (range, 3-30) days previtrectomy. Age was 46.5 and 51.6 in the IVB and non-IVB groups, respectively. VA was improved significantly in both groups: from 20/617 to 20/62 in the IVB group, and from 20/443 to 20/86 in the non-IVB group (P=0.11 between groups). Operating time and postoperative complications (glaucoma, RD, and revitrectomy rate) were similar in both groups. On comparing IVB and non-IVB eyes in younger patients (≤ 40), operating time was shorter (P=0.02) and a trend to better VA in the IVB group was seen.

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative IVB may be a useful adjunct to vitrectomy for severe PDR complicated by TRD, particularly in younger diabetics.

Feasibility and safety of stenting for symptomatic carotid arterial dissection

OBJECTIVE

To determine the procedural feasibility and safety of carotid angioplasty and stent placement of carotid artery dissection (CAD) patients who had failed antithrombotic therapy in acute dissection.

METHODS

A series of 33 consecutive patients (mean age, 40.21 years; 29 men and 4 women) who underwent angioplasty and stent placement for symptomatic carotid artery dissection (sCAD) from May 2005 to December 2010 in the Nanjing Stroke Registry Program (NSRP) was retrospectively reviewed. All the included patients had been diagnosed definitively based on catheter angiography, and had failed to respond to medical therapy during the course of initial hospital admission. The baseline and followed up data of these patients were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS

Of all the 33 included patients, 32 patients had achieved technical success without any intraoperative complications. Two patients manifested ipsilateral Horner sign on the next day after stenting, and one of them suffered from recurrence of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) during the course of follow up, but completely remission via antithrombotic therapy.

CONCLUSION

Endovascular stenting is a feasible and safe therapeutic strategy of CAD patients who have failed medical therapy.

A descriptor of amino acids: SVRG and its application to peptide quantitative structure-activity relationship

In this work, a descriptor, SVRG (principal component scores vector of radial distribution function descriptors and geometrical descriptors), was derived from principal component analysis (PCA) of a matrix of two structural variables of coded amino acids, including radial distribution function index (RDF) and geometrical index. SVRG scales were then applied in three panels of peptide quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) which were modelled by partial least squares regression (PLS). The obtained models with the correlation coefficient (R²(cum)), cross-validation correlation coefficient (Q²(LOO)) were 0.910 and 0.863 for 48 bitter-tasting dipeptides; 0.968 and 0.931 for 21 oxytocin analogues; and 0.992 and 0.954 for 20 thromboplastin inhibitors. Satisfactory results showed that SVRG contained much chemical information relating to bioactivities. The approach may be a useful structural expression methodology for studies on peptide QSAR.

Curcumin improves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of rats

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Curcumin has been reported to lower plasma lipids and glucose in diabetic rats, and to decrease body weight in obese rats, which may partly be due to increased fatty acid oxidation and utilization in skeletal muscle.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet plus streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg BW) were fed a diet containing 50, 150, or 250 mg/kg BW curcumin for 7 wk. Curcumin dose-dependently decreased plasma lipids and glucose and the dose 150 mg/kg BW appeared to be adequate to produce a significant effect. Curcumin supplementation reduced glucose and insulin tolerance measured as areas under the curve. L6 myotubes were treated with palmitate (0.25 mmol/L) in the presence of different levels of curcumin for 24 h in our in vitro experiment. Curcumin at 10 μmol/L was adequate to cause a significant increase in 2-deoxy-[(3)H]d-glucose uptake by L6 myotubes. Curcumin up-regulated expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), CD36, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, but down-regulated expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase 4 and phosphorylated glycogen synthase (GS) in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Moreover, curcumin increased phosphorylated acetyl COA carboxylase in L6 myotubes. The effects of curcumin on these enzymes except for GS were suppressed by AMPK inhibitor, Compound C. LKB1, an upstream kinase of AMPK, was activated by curcumin and inhibited by radicicol, an LKB1 destabilizer.

CONCLUSION

Curcumin improves muscular insulin resistance by increasing oxidation of fatty acid and glucose, which is, at least in part, mediated through LKB1-AMPK pathway.