51
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Moreira PVL, Baraldi LG, Moubarac JC, Monteiro CA, O’Flaherty M, Capewell S. OP10 Comparing UK policies to reduce the consumption of ultra-processed foods: cardiovascular modelling study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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52
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Allen K, Gillespie DOS, Guzman Castillo M, Diggle PJ, Capewell S, O’Flaherty M. OP69 Predicting future trends and inequalities in premature coronary heart disease deaths in England: modelling study. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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53
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Bandosz P, Aspelund T, Basak P, Bennett K, Bjorck L, Bruthans J, Guzman-Castillo M, Hughes J, Hotchkiss J, Kabir Z, Laatikainen T, Leyland A, O’Flaherty M, Palmieri L, Rosengren A, Bjork R, Vartiainen E, Zdrojewski T, Capewell S, Critchley J. OP72 EUROHEART II - comparing policies to reduce future coronary heart disease mortality in nine European countries: modelling study. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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54
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Pearson-Stuttard J, Hooton W, Collins M, Mason H, Critchley J, Capewell S, O’Flaherty M. OP57 Cost effectiveness analysis of a UK legislative ban on dietary industrial trans fats: modelling study. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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55
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Gillespie DOS, Allen K, Guzman-Castillo M, Bandosz P, Moreira P, McGill R, Lloyd-Williams F, Bromley H, Diggle P, O’Flaherty M, Capewell S. PP16 Can expert opinion rapidly provide useful quantitative data on policy effectiveness and inequalities? Pilot study. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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56
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Critchley J, Capewell S, O’Flaherty M, Abu-Rmeileh N, Sozmen K, Husseini A, Fouaud F, Saidi O, Romdhane H, Unal B, Bandosz P, Bennett K, Maziak W, Unwin N, Phillimore P, Bjork R, Vartiainen E, Zdrojewski T. OP53 Contrasting cardiovascular mortality trends in Eastern Mediterranean populations – contributions from risk factor changes and treatments: modelling study. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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57
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Gillespie DOS, Allen K, Guzman-Castillo M, Bandosz P, Moreira P, McGill R, Lloyd-Williams F, Bromley H, Diggle P, Capewell S, O’Flaherty M. OP82 The health equity and effectiveness of future policy options to reduce dietary salt in England: modelling study. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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58
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Pearson-Stuttard J, Critchley J, Capewell S, O’Flaherty M. OP83 Quantifying the UK socio-economic benefits of reducing dietary trans fats: modelling study. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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59
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Collins B, O’Flaherty M, Bromley H, Lloyd-Williams F, Razzaq A, Capewell S. OP84 Estimating the health benefits of a sugary drinks duty in England. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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60
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Psota M, Bandosz P, Gonçalvesova E, Avdicova M, Psenkova M, Studencan M, Pekarcikova J, Capewell S, O’Flaherty M. OP54 Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in the Slovak Republic between 1993–2008. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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61
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Dundas R, Hotchkiss JW, Davies CA, Hawkins N, Jhund PS, Scholes S, Bajekal M, O’Flaherty M, Critchley J, Leyland AH, Capewell S. OP09 Coronary mortality reductions attributable to primary prevention medications versus dietary changes in Scotland 2000–2010: modelling study using routine linked data. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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62
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Guzman Castillo M, O’Flaherty M, Couch P, Sperrin M, Lloyd S, Soiland-Reyes C, Green B, Kypridemos C, Gillespie DOS, Allen A, Buchan I, Capewell S. OP71 Comparing coronary mortality reductions by shifting the population blood pressure distribution versus improved management of hypertensive patients: modelling study. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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63
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Bandosz P, O’Flaherty M, Capewell S, Rutkowski M, Kypridemos C, Guzman-Castillo M, Gillespie D, Moreira P, Zdrojewski T. PP05 Are recent population declines in total cholesterol levels in Poland attributable to statin medications or dietary changes? Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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64
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Guzman Castillo M, Gillespie DOS, Allen K, Bandosz P, Schmid V, Capewell S, O’Flaherty M. Future declines of coronary heart disease mortality in England and Wales could counter the burden of population ageing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99482. [PMID: 24918442 PMCID: PMC4053422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) remains a major cause of mortality in the United Kingdom. Yet predictions of future CHD mortality are potentially problematic due to population ageing and increase in obesity and diabetes. Here we explore future projections of CHD mortality in England & Wales under two contrasting future trend assumptions. Methods In scenario A, we used the conventional counterfactual scenario that the last-observed CHD mortality rates from 2011 would persist unchanged to 2030. The future number of deaths was calculated by applying those rates to the 2012–2030 population estimates. In scenario B, we assumed that the recent falling trend in CHD mortality rates would continue. Using Lee-Carter and Bayesian Age Period Cohort (BAPC) models, we projected the linear trends up to 2030. We validate our methods using past data to predict mortality from 2002–2011. Then, we computed the error between observed and projected values. Results In scenario A, assuming that 2011 mortality rates stayed constant by 2030, the number of CHD deaths would increase 62% or approximately 39,600 additional deaths. In scenario B, assuming recent declines continued, the BAPC model (the model with lowest error) suggests the number of deaths will decrease by 56%, representing approximately 36,200 fewer deaths by 2030. Conclusions The decline in CHD mortality has been reasonably continuous since 1979, and there is little reason to believe it will soon halt. The commonly used assumption that mortality will remain constant from 2011 therefore appears slightly dubious. By contrast, using the BAPC model and assuming continuing mortality falls offers a more plausible prediction of future trends. Thus, despite population ageing, the number of CHD deaths might halve again between 2011 and 2030. This has implications for how the potential benefits of future cardiovascular strategies might best be calculated and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guzman Castillo
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Duncan O. S. Gillespie
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kirk Allen
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Bandosz
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Schmid
- Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Capewell
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Martin O’Flaherty
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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65
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Pereira M, Azevedo A, Lunet N, Carreira H, O’Flaherty M, Capewell S, Bennett K. Explaining the Decline in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Portugal Between 1995 and 2008. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013; 6:634-42. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.113.000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pereira
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (M.O.’F., S.C.); and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (K.B.)
| | - Ana Azevedo
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (M.O.’F., S.C.); and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (K.B.)
| | - Nuno Lunet
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (M.O.’F., S.C.); and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (K.B.)
| | - Helena Carreira
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (M.O.’F., S.C.); and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (K.B.)
| | - Martin O’Flaherty
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (M.O.’F., S.C.); and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (K.B.)
| | - Simon Capewell
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (M.O.’F., S.C.); and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (K.B.)
| | - Kathleen Bennett
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Institute of Public Health, University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal (M.P., A.A., N.L., H.C.); Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom (M.O.’F., S.C.); and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (K.B.)
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66
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Lloyd-Williams F, Bromley H, Orton L, McGill R, Anwar E, Moonan M, Taylor-Robinson D, Calder N, O’Flaherty M, Guzman Castillo M, Rayner M, Hawkes C, Capewell S. Identifying the most effective public health nutrition policies: The views of policy-makers and thought-leaders across 14 EU countries. Eur J Public Health 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt126.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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67
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Bromley H, Lloyd Williams F, Orton L, McGill R, Anwar E, Moonan M, Taylor Robinson D, Calder N, O’Flaherty M, Guzman Castillo M, Hawkes C, Rayner M. Utilising a novel framework to asess public health nutrition actions across 30 European Countries (EuroHeart II Project). Eur J Public Health 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt126.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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68
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R M, Anwar E, Orton L, Taylor-Robinson DC, Bromley H, Lloyd-Williams F, Calder N, O’Flaherty M, Castillo MG, White M, Petticrew M, White MM, Capewell S. PP09 Assessing the Potential Effect of Healthy Eating Policy Interventions on Socioeconomic Inequalities: Systematic Review. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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69
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Castillo MG, O’Flaherty M, Bandosz P, Capewell S. PPO1 Predicting Future Coronary Heart Disease Mortality trends in England and Wales in 2020: a Bayesian age Period Cohort Approach. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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70
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Hotchkiss JW, Dundas R, Davies CA, Hawkins NM, Jhund PS, Scholes S, Bajekal M, O’Flaherty M, Critchley JA, Leyland AH, Capewell S. OP53 Explaining Scottish Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Trends between 2000 and 2010: Socioeconomic Analyses using the Impact Sec Model. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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71
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Lloyd-Williams F, Bromley H, Orton L, Taylor-Robinson D, O’Flaherty M, Moonan M, McGill R, Calder N, Anwar E, Castillo MG, Rayner M, Capewell S. OP15 Identifying the most effective public health nutrition policies: The views of policy-makers and thought-leaders across 14 EU countries. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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72
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Hughes J, Kabir Z, Hotchkiss JW, Bennett K, Kee F, Leyland AH, Davies CA, Bandosz P, Guzman-Castillo M, O’Flaherty M, Capewell S, Critchley J. OP56 Modelling Future Coronary Heart Disease Mortality to 2030 in the British Isles. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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73
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Ahmed R, O’Flaherty M, Anwar E, Hawkins N, Wilkinson E, Lucy J, Capewell S. OP54 Exploring Socioeconomic Inequalities in Coronary Heart Disease Prevention. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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74
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Bandosz P, Guzman-Castillo M, Capewell S, Zdrojewski T, Critchley J, Rutkowski M, O’Flaherty M. OP55 How Many Coronary Heart Disease Deaths in Poland in 2020 might be Prevented by Further Reductions in Population Risk Factor Levels? Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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75
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Wilcox M, Mason H, Fouad FM, Rastam S, Ali RA, Capwell S, O’Flaherty M, Page TF, Maziak W. OP14 Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Salt Reduction Policies to Reduce Coronary Heart Disease in Syria. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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76
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Bromley H, Williams FL, Orton L, McGill R, Anwar E, Moonan M, Robinson DT, Calder N, O’Flaherty M, Castillo MG, Hawkes C, M R, Capewell S. OP16 Utilising a Novel Framework to Assess Public Health Nutrition Actions Across 30 European Countries (EuroHeart II Project). Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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77
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Capewell S, Collins M, Mason H, O’Flaherty M, Guzman-Castillo M, Critchley J. OP13 An Economic Evaluation of Salt Reduction Policies to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease in England: A Policy Modelling Study. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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78
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Orton LC, Lloyd-Williams F, Bromley H, Hawkes C, Taylor-Robinson DC, O’Flaherty M, Moonan M, Rayner M, Capewell S. PP11 Using the “4Ps” Marketing Approach to Evaluate Health-Promoting Food Policies. A Rapid Scoping Review. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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79
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Saidi O, Ben Mansour N, O’Flaherty M, Capewell S, Critchley JA, Romdhane HB. Analyzing recent coronary heart disease mortality trends in Tunisia between 1997 and 2009. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63202. [PMID: 23658808 PMCID: PMC3643918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Tunisia, Cardiovascular Diseases are the leading causes of death (30%), 70% of those are coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths and population studies have demonstrated that major risk factor levels are increasing. OBJECTIVE To explain recent CHD trends in Tunisia between 1997 and 2009. METHODS DATA SOURCES Published and unpublished data were identified by extensive searches, complemented with specifically designed surveys. ANALYSIS Data were integrated and analyzed using the previously validated IMPACT CHD policy model. Data items included: (i)number of CHD patients in specific groups (including acute coronary syndromes, congestive heart failure and chronic angina)(ii) uptake of specific medical and surgical treatments, and(iii) population trends in major cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), diabetes and physical inactivity). RESULTS CHD mortality rates increased by 11.8% for men and 23.8% for women, resulting in 680 additional CHD deaths in 2009 compared with the 1997 baseline, after adjusting for population change. Almost all (98%) of this rise was explained by risk factor increases, though men and women differed. A large rise in total cholesterol level in men (0.73 mmol/L) generated 440 additional deaths. In women, a fall (-0.43 mmol/L), apparently avoided about 95 deaths. For SBP a rise in men (4 mmHg) generated 270 additional deaths. In women, a 2 mmHg fall avoided 65 deaths. BMI and diabetes increased substantially resulting respectively in 105 and 75 additional deaths. Increased treatment uptake prevented about 450 deaths in 2009. The most important contributions came from secondary prevention following Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) (95 fewer deaths), initial AMI treatments (90), antihypertensive medications (80) and unstable angina (75). CONCLUSIONS Recent trends in CHD mortality mainly reflected increases in major modifiable risk factors, notably SBP and cholesterol, BMI and diabetes. Current prevention strategies are mainly focused on treatments but should become more comprehensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Saidi
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis-Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Ben Mansour
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis-Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Martin O’Flaherty
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Capewell
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Julia A. Critchley
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Habiba Ben Romdhane
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis-Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
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80
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Orton LC, Bromley H, Hawkes C, Taylor-Robinson DC, Moonan M, O’Flaherty M, Lloyd-Williams F, Rayner M, Capewell S. PS15 Policy Actions to Reduce Dietary Salt Intake: Price, Product, Place or Promotion? A Review of the Evidence. Br J Soc Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2012-201753.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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81
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O’Flaherty M, Couch P, Sperrin M, Green N, Ainsworth J, Huffmann M, Lloyd-Jones D, Buchan I, Capewell S. OP81 Estimating the Potential of Population Level Changes in Cholesterol and Blood Pressure for Reducing UK Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Rates: A Novel Modelling Approach. Br J Soc Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2012-201753.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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82
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Flores-Mateo G, Grau M, O’Flaherty M, Ramos R, Elosua R, Violan-Fors C, Quesada M, Martí R, Sala J, Marrugat J, Capewell S. Análisis de la disminución de la mortalidad por enfermedad coronaria en una población mediterránea: España 1988-2005. Rev Esp Cardiol 2011; 64:988-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2011.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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83
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Kelly AB, O’Flaherty M, Toumbourou JW, Connor JP, Hemphill SA, Catalano RF. Gender differences in the impact of families on alcohol use: a lagged longitudinal study of early adolescents. Addiction 2011; 106:1427-36. [PMID: 21438936 PMCID: PMC3135699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS From the pre-teen to the mid-teen years, rates of alcohol use and misuse increase rapidly. Cross-sectional research shows that positive family emotional climate (low conflict, high closeness) is protective, and there is emerging evidence that these protective mechanisms are different for girls versus boys. The aim of this study was to explore gender differences in the longitudinal impact of family emotional climate on adolescent alcohol use and exposure to peer drinking networks. DESIGN Three-wave two-level (individual, within-individual over time) ordinal logistic regression with alcohol use in the past year as the dependent measure and family variables lagged by 1 year. SETTING Adolescents completed surveys during school hours. PARTICIPANTS A total of 855 Australian students (modal age 10-11 years at baseline) participating in the International Youth Development Study (Victoria, Australia). MEASUREMENTS These included emotional closeness to mother/father, family conflict, parent disapproval of alcohol use and peer alcohol use. FINDINGS For girls, the effect of emotional closeness to mothers on alcohol use was mediated by exposure to high-risk peer networks. Parent disapproval of alcohol use was protective for both genders, but this effect was larger for boys versus girls, and there was no evidence that peer use mediated this effect. Peer drinking networks showed stronger direct risk effects than family variables. CONCLUSIONS Family factors unidirectionally impact on growth in adolescent alcohol use and effects vary with child gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B. Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Martin O’Flaherty
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne
| | - Jason P. Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Sheryl A. Hemphill
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne
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Grassi D, O’Flaherty M, Pellizzari M, Bendersky M, Rodriguez P, Turri D, Forcada P, Ferdinand KC, Kotliar C. Hypertensive Urgencies in the Emergency Department: Evaluating Blood Pressure Response to Rest and to Antihypertensive Drugs With Different Profiles. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008; 10:662-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.00001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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85
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Oakey L, Martung A, McMahon M, O’Flaherty M, Mulcahy P. A comparison of biospecific affinity chromatographic methodologies for the purification of NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases: studies with bovine l-lactate dehydrogenase. Process Biochem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(99)00078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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