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Gupta S, Kalayarasan R, Chandrasekar S, Gnanasekaran S, Pottakkat B. Laparoscopic Splenectomy for Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Patients with Very Severe Thrombocytopenia. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2017; 34:535-539. [PMID: 30127567 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-017-0902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic approach is considered as gold standard for splenectomy in patients with Immune Thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The evidence for safety and feasibility of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) in patients with very severe thrombocytopenia (< 10,000 μL) is limited. A retrospective study of 32 ITP patients who underwent LS between July 2012 and November 2016. The ITP patients who had platelet counts < 10,000 μL (Group A, n = 15) and > 10,000 μL (Group B, n = 17) were compared with respect to operative time, blood loss, conversion rate, perioperative blood transfusion, the length of hospital stay and postoperative complications. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to operative time (p = 0.07), intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.75), postoperative complications (p = 0.23) and hospital stay (p = 0.15). None of the patients in the two groups required conversion to open procedure. No intra operative blood transfusion was required. In Group A, 3 patients (with platelet count less than 2000 μL) received platelet transfusion at induction of anesthesia while 10 others received after ligation of the splenic artery. There was no difference in the operative time, blood loss, postoperative complications and hospital stay between them. LS is a safe and feasible procedure for ITP patients with very severe thrombocytopenia. In these patients, the timing of intraoperative platelet transfusion does not influence perioperative and anesthetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Gupta
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, JIPMER, Room no 551, Fourth floor, Superspeciality block, Puducherry, 605006 India
| | - Raja Kalayarasan
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, JIPMER, Room no 551, Fourth floor, Superspeciality block, Puducherry, 605006 India
| | - Sandip Chandrasekar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, JIPMER, Room no 551, Fourth floor, Superspeciality block, Puducherry, 605006 India
| | - Senthil Gnanasekaran
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, JIPMER, Room no 551, Fourth floor, Superspeciality block, Puducherry, 605006 India
| | - Biju Pottakkat
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, JIPMER, Room no 551, Fourth floor, Superspeciality block, Puducherry, 605006 India
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Abstract
Oesophageal mucocele is an uncommon complication of bipolar exclusion of oesophagus. Traditionally, this condition is managed through thoracotomy which is associated with significant morbidity. The present report outlines the thoracoscopic management of oesophageal mucocele following surgical exclusion for oesophageal perforation. Left thoracoscopic oesophagectomy for oesophageal mucocele described in this report has not been published earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayaraj Pavankumar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Raja Kalayarasan
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Chandrasekar Sandip
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Pottakkat Biju
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Pazhanivel Mohan
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantri Nagar, Gorimedu, Puducherry, 605 006, India.
| | - Raja Kalayarasan
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantri Nagar, Gorimedu, Puducherry, 605 006, India
| | - Santhosh Anand
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantri Nagar, Gorimedu, Puducherry, 605 006, India
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Javed A, Manipadam JM, Jain A, Kalayarasan R, Uppal R, Agarwal AK. Minimally invasive oesophagectomy in prone versus lateral decubitus position: A comparative study. J Minim Access Surg 2016; 12:10-5. [PMID: 26917913 PMCID: PMC4746968 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9941.171954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracoscopic oesophageal mobilisation during a minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIE) is most commonly performed with the patient placed in the lateral decubitus position (LDP). The prone position (PP) for thoracoscopic oesophageal mobilisation has been proposed as an alternative. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective, comparative study designed to compare early outcomes following a minimally invasive thoracolaparoscopic oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer in LDP and in PP. RESULTS During the study period, between January 2011 and February 2014, 104 patients underwent an oesophagectomy for cancer. Of these, 42 were open procedures (transhiatal and transthoracic oesophagectomy) and 62 were minimally invasive. The study group included patients who underwent thoracolaparoscopic oesophagectomy in LDP (n = 23) and in PP (n = 25). The median age of the study population was 55 (24-71) years, and there were 25 males. Twenty-one (21) patients had tumours in the middle third of the oesophagus, 24 in the lower third, and 3 arising from the gastro-oesophageal junction. The most common histology was squamous cell cancer (85.4%). The median duration of surgery was similar in the two groups; however, the estimated median intraoperative blood loss was less in the PP group [200 (50-400) mL vs 300 (100-600) mL; P = 0.01)]. In the post-operative period, 26.1% patients in the LDP group and 8% in the PP group (8%) developed respiratory complications. The incidence of other post-operative complications, including cervical oesophagogastric anastomosis, hoarseness of voice and chylothorax, was not different in the two groups. The T stage of the tumour was similar in the two groups, with the majority (37) having T3 disease. A mean of 8 lymph nodes (range 2-33) were retrieved in the LDP group, and 17.5 (range 5-41) lymph nodes were retrieved in the PP group (P = 0.0004). The number of patients with node-positive disease was also higher in the PP group (19 vs 10, P = 0.037). CONCLUSION MIE in the PP is an effective alternative to LDP. The exposure obtained is excellent even without the need for a complete lung collapse, thereby obviating the need for a double-lumen endotracheal tube. A more meticulous dissection can be performed resulting in a higher lymph nodal yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Javed
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital and MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - John Mathew Manipadam
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital and MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Jain
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital and MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - R Kalayarasan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital and MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Uppal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital and MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K Agarwal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital and MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
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Saluja SS, Kalayarasan R, Mishra PK, Srivastava S, Chandrasekar S, Godhi S. Chronic pancreatitis with benign biliary obstruction: management issues. World J Surg 2015; 38:2455-9. [PMID: 24817516 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-014-2581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign biliary obstruction (BBO) is an important complication in patients with advanced chronic pancreatitis (CP). Its presentation varies from an incidental finding to overt jaundice. Thus it presents certain management issues. The present study was therefore performed to analyze the clinical presentation and management of biliary obstruction in patients with CP. METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed from a prospectively collected database of 155 CP patients managed at our institute from October 2003 to June 2012. RESULTS Among 43 (28 %) CP patients with biliary obstruction, 3 patients had evidence of malignancy on follow-up examination and were excluded from the final analysis. The various presentations include chronic nonprogressive elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) (n = 15), a progressive increase in SAP with episodes of jaundice (n = 17), and persistent jaundice (n = 8). Of 15 patients with chronic nonprogressive elevation of SAP, 5 were managed conservatively, and the remaining 10 underwent only a pancreatic drainage procedure. During a median follow-up of 41 months (range 11-90 months), none of the 15 patients developed complications related to biliary obstruction. All patients with progressive increase in SAP levels and persistent jaundice underwent the biliary drainage procedure [choledochojejunostomy (CDJ, n = 20) and choledochoduodenostomy (CDD, n = 3)]. During a median follow-up of 30 months (range 10-89 months), two patients died of unrelated causes and two patients had an asymptomatic elevation of SAP. CONCLUSIONS BBO is common in patients with CP; however, biliary drainage is not indicated for chronic nonprogressive elevation of SAP. In patients with a progressive increase in SAP or persistent jaundice, both CDJ and CDD provide effective biliary drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, Room No. 218, 2nd Floor, Academic Block, 1, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, New Delhi, 110002, India,
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Agarwal AK, Javed A, Kalayarasan R, Sakhuja P. Minimally invasive versus the conventional open surgical approach of a radical cholecystectomy for gallbladder cancer: a retrospective comparative study. HPB (Oxford) 2015; 17:536-41. [PMID: 25727091 PMCID: PMC4430785 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery has traditionally been contraindicated for the management of gall bladder cancer (GBC). This study was undertaken to determine the safety and feasibility of a laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy (LRC) for GBC and compare it with an open radical cholecystectomy (ORC). METHODS Retrospective analysis of primary GBC patients (with limited liver infiltration) and incidental GBC (IGBC) patients (detected after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy) who underwent LRC between June 2011 and October 2013. Patients who fulfilled the study criteria and underwent ORC during the same period formed the control group. RESULTS During the study period, 147 patients with GBC underwent a radical cholecystectomy. Of these, 24 patients (primary GBC- 20, IGBC - 4) who underwent a LRC formed the study group (Group A). Of the remaining 123 patients who underwent ORC, 46 matched patients formed the control group (Group B). The median operating time was higher in Group A (270 versus 240 mins, P = 0.021) and the median blood loss (ml) was lower (200 versus 275 ml, P = 0.034). The post-operative morbidity and mortality were similar (P = 1.0). The pathological stage of the tumour in Group A was T1b (n = 1), T2 (n = 11) and T3 (n = 8), respectively. The median lymph node yield was 10 (4-31) and was comparable between the two groups (P = 0.642). During a median follow-up of 18 (6-34) months, 1 patient in Group A and 3 in Group B developed recurrence. No patient developed a recurrence at a port site. CONCLUSION LRC is safe and feasible in selected patients with GBC, and the results were comparable to ORC in this retrospective comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Agarwal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital & MAM College, Delhi UniversityNew Delhi, India,Correspondence Anil K. Agarwal, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital & MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi 110002, India. Telefax: +91 11 23235702. E-mails: ,
| | - Amit Javed
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital & MAM College, Delhi UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Raja Kalayarasan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital & MAM College, Delhi UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Puja Sakhuja
- Department of Pathology, GB Pant Hospital & MAM College, Delhi UniversityNew Delhi, India
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Kalayarasan R, Havannavar R, Pottakkat B, Ramesh R. Laparoscopic management of a rare tumor at an uncommon location: Porta hepatis mesothelial cyst. Int J Adv Med Health Res 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/2349-4220.172891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Agarwal AK, Kalayarasan R, Javed A, Sakhuja P. Role of routine 16b1 lymph node biopsy in the management of gallbladder cancer: an analysis. HPB (Oxford) 2014; 16:229-34. [PMID: 23869478 PMCID: PMC3945848 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Involvement of the 16b1 (interaortocaval) lymph node (LN) in gallbladder cancer (GBC) is considered to represent metastatic disease. Although this is universally accepted, the role of routine frozen-section histopathological examination (HPE) of the 16b1 LN in the management of GBC has not been previously reported. METHODS A prospective study (August 2009-November 2011) using routine biopsy of 16b1 LNs and frozen-section HPE prior to radical resection in patients deemed operable on preoperative evaluation and staging laparoscopy was carried out. RESULTS Of the 451 GBC patients assessed, 251 (55.7%) were deemed operable on preoperative imaging. Of these, 68 (27.1%) were found to have disseminated disease on staging laparoscopy/laparotomy. Of the 183 patients in whom 16b1 LN biopsy was performed, 34 (18.6%) had evidence of metastases on frozen-section HPE and the planned surgical resection was abandoned (Group A). Of the remaining 149 patients (Group B), 142 (95.3%) underwent curative resection and seven (4.7%) were found to be unresectable as a result of locoregionally advanced disease. A comparison of findings in Group A with those in Group B showed no significant difference in the clinical stage of the tumour. The proportions of patients with jaundice, elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 levels were significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (P = 0.008, P = 0.012 and P = 0.023, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Routine 16b1 LN biopsy prevented non-therapeutic radical resection and its associated morbidity in 18.6% of patients deemed resectable on preoperative imaging and staging laparoscopy. The yield was higher in patients with jaundice and elevated preoperative tumour marker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Agarwal
- Correspondence Anil K. Agarwal, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital and MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi 110002, India. Tel: + 91 9718599251. Fax: + 91 11 23235702. E-mail: ,
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Pottakkat B, Bhati G, Kalayarasan R, Barathi D, Mohan P. Tuberculous bronchoesophageal fistula: A case report. Int J Adv Med Health Res 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/2349-4220.148010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Agarwal AK, Kalayarasan R, Javed A, Sakhuja P. Mass-forming xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis masquerading as gallbladder cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2013; 17:1257-64. [PMID: 23615807 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass-forming xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC), an uncommon inflammatory pathology of gallbladder (GB), masquerades as gallbladder cancer (GBC) and diagnosis is often a histological surprise. METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database of patients with GB mass operated between August 2009 and September 2012 was conducted to determine clinical, radiological, and intraoperative findings that might aid in the preoperative diagnosis of mass-forming XGC and ascertain their optimal management strategy. RESULTS Of the 566 patients with GB mass and suspected GBC, 239 were found to be inoperable on preoperative workup and 129 patients had unresectable disease on staging laparoscopy/laparotomy. Of the 198 with resectable disease, 31 were reported as XGC on final histopathology (Group A), while 167 were GBC (Group B). Of these 31 patients, six with an intraoperative suspicion of benign pathology underwent cholecystectomy with segments IVb and V resection, and frozen section histopathology. Twenty-five underwent radical cholecystectomy, with (n = 10) or without (n = 15) adjacent organ resection. In comparison, anorexia and weight loss were significantly more in Group B (p = 0.001 and <0.001). Intraoperatively, empyema and associated gallstones were more common in Group A (p = 0.011 and <0.001). On computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen, continuous mucosal line enhancement and intramural hypodense bands were significantly more in Group A (p < 0.001 and 0.025). While CT abdomen revealed one or more features suggestive of XGC in 64.5 % (20/31) of patients in Group A, 11(35.5 %) did not have any findings suggestive of XGC on imaging. CONCLUSION Mass-forming XGC mimics GBC, making preoperative and intraoperative distinction difficult. While imaging findings can help in suspecting XGC, definitive diagnosis require histopathological examination. Presence of typical radiological findings, however, can help in avoiding extended radical resection in selected cases.
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Javed A, Arora A, Kalayarasan R, Sakhuja P, Agarwal AK. Gallbladder cancer management impacted by coexistent tuberculosis. Trop Gastroenterol 2013; 34:87-90. [PMID: 24377155 DOI: 10.7869/tg.2012.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In endemic areas, gallbladder cancer (GBC) and tuberculosis may coexist. This study aimed to ascertain the impact of coexistent tuberculosis on the management of patients with GBC. METHODS Data of patients with proven GBC with coexistent tuberculosis managed at our centre between January 2003 and December 2007 were analysed from a prospective gallbladder cancer database to highlight the management issues and ascertain the impact that coexistent tuberculosis had on the outcome in these patients. RESULTS Of the 340 patients of GBC evaluated at our centre, 7 patients had concomitant tuberculosis and constituted the study group. All the patients were women (mean age 56.3 years). The commonest presenting symptoms were abdominal pain, decreased appetite and significant weight loss. Two patients were found to have tuberculosis on preoperative evaluation on a fine-needle aspiration cytology from the left supraclavicular lymph nodes; 3 patients were detected intraoperatively (1 had peritoneal tuberculosis on staging laparoscopy and 2 had tubercular lymphadenitis on interaortocaval lymph node sampling) and 2 were detected postoperatively with histopathological examination showing GBC with tubercular lymphadenitis of the hepatoduodenal lymph nodes. Six of these 7 patients underwent surgery with curative intent and 1 underwent a surgical bypass. CONCLUSION Five of the 7 patients of GBC with coexistent tuberculosis could have been denied the chance of curative surgery had a preoperative/intraoperative biopsy confirmation not been done. Thus, histopathological confirmation is mandatory before labelling a cancer as metastatic and denying the patient a chance for cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Javed
- Department of GI Surgery GB Pant Hospital & MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Asit Arora
- Department of GI Surgery GB Pant Hospital & MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Kalayarasan
- Department of GI Surgery GB Pant Hospital & MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Puja Sakhuja
- Department of GI Surgery GB Pant Hospital & MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K Agarwal
- Department of GI Surgery GB Pant Hospital & MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
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Kalayarasan R, Javed A, Puri AS, Puri SK, Sakhuja P, Agarwal AK. A prospective analysis of the preoperative assessment of duodenal involvement in gallbladder cancer. HPB (Oxford) 2013; 15:203-9. [PMID: 23036027 PMCID: PMC3572281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2012.00539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duodenal involvement occurs frequently in gallbladder cancer (GBC) as a result of the proximity of the duodenum to the gallbladder. METHODS The study group included 74 GBC patients assessed between August 2009 and March 2011 in whom computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen indicated suspicion for duodenal involvement. RESULTS Of 172 patients with resectable GBC, 74 (43.0%) had suspected duodenal involvement on imaging. Of these, 51 (68.9%) had suspected duodenal involvement on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE). Symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) were present in only 14 (18.9%) patients. Thirteen (17.6%) patients underwent staging laparoscopy alone. Of the 61 patients who underwent laparotomy, 31 (50.8%) were found to have actual duodenal involvement. The positive predictive value (PPV) of CT of the abdomen for duodenal involvement was 50.8% (31 of 61 patients). The addition of UGIE increased the PPV to 65.9% (27 of 41 patients). In the subgroup with evidence of duodenal mural thickening or mucosal irregularity on CT of the abdomen (n= 9) or duodenal mucosal infiltration on UGIE (n= 14), the PPV increased to 100%. A total of 33 (44.6%) patients underwent curative resection. The resectability rate was significantly lower in patients with symptoms of GOO [two of 14 (14.3%) vs. 31 of 60 (51.7%); P= 0.010], CT findings of duodenal mural thickening or mucosal irregularity compared with only loss of the fat plane [two of 12 (16.7%) vs. 31 of 62 (50.0%); P= 0.032], and UGIE evidence of duodenal infiltration compared with extrinsic compression or normal endoscopic findings [three of 16 (18.8%) vs. 18 of 35 (51.4%) and 12 of 23 (52.2%), respectively; P= 0.027 and P= 0.036, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Overall, CT of the abdomen demonstrated a PPV of 50.8% in detecting duodenal involvement, which increased to 65.9% with the addition of UGIE. The combined presence of GOO symptoms, CT findings of duodenal mural thickening and mucosal irregularity, and UGIE findings of infiltration of the duodenal mucosa significantly decreases resectability but does not preclude resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Kalayarasan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Javed
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amarender S. Puri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Department of Radiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Puja Sakhuja
- Department of Pathology, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K. Agarwal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
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Bhagya Rao B, Kalayarasan R, Kate V, Ananthakrishnan N. Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery: Prevention and Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/783214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an important risk factor for venous thrombosis. Venous thromboembolism is one of the most common complications of cancer and the second leading cause of death in these patients. Recent research has given insight into mechanism and various risk factors in cancer patients which predispose to thromboembolism. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and management of venous thromboembolism in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Bhagya Rao
- Department of Gastroenterology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R. Kalayarasan
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, GB Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikram Kate
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - N. Ananthakrishnan
- Department of Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Pondicherry 607402, India
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Abstract
Various opportunistic infections have been reported in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although there are a few reports of echinococcal infection of the lung, spine, and brain, a hydatid cyst of the liver has never been described. In our experience of treating over 150 cases of hydatid cysts of the liver, we identified three patients with large, multifocal hydatid cysts who also had an HIV infection. The current article describes one such patient and discusses the possible host immune-parasite interaction to ascertain if HIV positivity results in increased susceptibility and severity of echinococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Javed
- GB Pant Hospital and MAM College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traditionally, a gallbladder removed for presumed benign disease has been sent for histopathological examination (HPE), but this practice has been the subject of controversy. This study was undertaken to compare patients in whom gallbladder cancer (GBC) was diagnosed after cholecystectomy on HPE with GBC patients in whom the gallbladder was not sent for HPE and who therefore presented late with symptoms. METHODS A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for 170 GBC patients diagnosed after cholecystectomy was conducted. All patients presented to one centre during 2000-2011. These patients were divided into two groups based on the availability of histopathology reports: Group A included patients who presented early with HPE reports (n = 93), and Group B comprised patients who presented late with symptoms and without HPE reports (n = 77). RESULTS The median time to presentation in Group A was significantly lower than in Group B (29 days vs. 152 days; P < 0.001). Signs or symptoms suggestive of recurrence (pain, jaundice or gastric outlet obstruction) were present in four (4.3%) patients in Group A and all (100%) patients in Group B (P < 0.001). Patients deemed operable on preoperative evaluation included all (100%) patients in Group A and 38 (49.4%) patients in Group B (P < 0.0001). The overall resectability rate (69.9% vs. 7.8%) and median survival (54 months vs. 10 months) were significantly higher in Group A compared with Group B (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Patients in whom a cholecystectomy specimen was sent for HPE presented early, had a better R0 resection rate and longer overall survival. Hence, routine HPE of all cholecystectomy specimens should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Agarwal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Pathology, G. B. Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India.
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Saluja SS, Kalayarasan R, Mishra PK, Saran RK. Duodenal MALToma with gastric outlet obstruction. case report and review of literature. J Gastrointest Cancer 2011; 43:329-31. [PMID: 22045274 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-011-9337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, GB Pant Hospital, Room No 218-AcademicBlock, 1, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, New Delhi, 110002, India.
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Bhatia V, Rastogi A, Saluja SS, Kumar M, Bihari C, Kalayarasan R, Gupta NL. Cystic pancreatic lymphangioma. The first report of a preoperative pathological diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound-guided cyst aspiration. JOP 2011; 12:473-6. [PMID: 21904074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT We describe a case of cystic lymphangioma of the pancreas in which a preoperative tissue diagnosis was made with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). CASE REPORT A 20-year-old female presented with upper abdominal pain of two months duration and was found to have a cystic lesion in the pancreatic tail. Radiological imaging could not determine the organ of origin or the nature of the lesion. On EUS examination, a mixed micro-macrocystic lesion with thin delicate septae, and clear anechoic contents was found in the pancreatic tail. EUS-guided aspiration demonstrated the typical endothelial lined cystic channels. The diagnosis was confirmed after surgical resection. CONCLUSION Cystic lymphangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic pancreatic lesions in which the morphology is difficult to characterize. EUS-FNA has the potential of rendering a positive diagnosis of this benign entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Bhatia
- Medical Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, India.
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Adithan S, Venkatesan B, Sundarajan E, Kate V, Kalayarasan R. Color Doppler evaluation of left gastric vein hemodynamics in cirrhosis with portal hypertension and its correlation with esophageal varices and variceal bleed. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2011; 20:289-93. [PMID: 21423905 PMCID: PMC3056627 DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.73541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the value of Doppler evaluation of left gastric vein hemodynamics when monitoring portal hypertension patients, by correlating Doppler ultrasonography (USG) parameters with the severity of esophageal varices and occurrence of variceal bleeding. METHODS This study was carried out on 100 patients using Doppler USG and endoscopy. Forty-seven of these were patients with cirrhosis with portal hypertension, who had not had a recent variceal bleed (group 1) and 26 were patients with cirrhosis with portal hypertension, with a recent history of bleeding (group 2). The control group comprised of 27 subjects who did not have liver disease or varices on endoscopy (group 3). The hemodynamic parameters, namely the diameter of the left gastric vein and the direction and flow velocity in the vessel, were compared in these groups, with the grade of esophageal varices. RESULTS Hepatofugal flow velocity in the left gastric vein was higher in patients with large-sized varices compared to those patients with small-sized varices (P < 0.001). The left gastric vein hepatofugal flow velocity was higher in patients with a recent variceal bleed than in those patients without a history of a recent variceal bleed (P < 0.0149). Large-sized varices were more commonly found in patients with a history of a recent variceal bleed (P < 0.0124). CONCLUSION Left gastric vein hemodynamics were found to correlate with the severity of the varices and the occurrence of recent variceal bleed in patients with cirrhosis with portal hypertension. Evaluation of the left gastric vein portal dynamics could be helpful in monitoring the progress of the disease in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subathra Adithan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry - 605 006, India
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Rathod KJ, Kalayarasan R, Kate V, Jagdish S, Ananthakrishnan N, Parija SC. Helicobacter pylori positivity in esophageal and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. Indian J Gastroenterol 2009; 27:248. [PMID: 19405262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Nishanth S, Sivaram G, Kalayarasan R, Kate V, Ananthakrishnan N. Does elective re-siting of intravenous cannulae decrease peripheral thrombophlebitis? A randomized controlled study. Natl Med J India 2009; 22:60-62. [PMID: 19852337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral venous thrombophlebitis (PVT) is a common complication of intravenous cannulation, occurring in about 30% of patients. We evaluated the effect of elective re-siting of intravenous cannulae every 48 hours on the incidence and severity of PVT in patients receiving intravenous fluids/drugs. METHODS We randomized 42 patients who were admitted for major abdominal surgery to either the control or study group (n = 21 in either group). Informed consent was obtained from all of them. Cannulae in the control group were removed only if the site became painful, the cannula got dislodged or there were signs and symptoms suggestive of PVT, namely pain, erythema, swelling, excessive warmth or a palpable venous cord. Cannulae in the study group were changed and re-sited electively every 48 hours. All the patients were examined every 24 hours for signs and symptoms of PVT at the current and previous sites of infusion. RESULTS The incidence of PVT was 100% (21/21) in the control group and only 9.5% (2/21) in the study group (p < 0.0001). The severity of PVT was also less in the study group compared with that in the control group. Day-wise correlation of the incidence of PVT showed that 82.6% of the episodes of PVT occurred on day 3. CONCLUSION Elective re-siting of intravenous cannulae every 48 hours results in a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of PVT. We recommend that this should be adopted as standard practice in managing all patients who require prolonged intravenous therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nishanth
- Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
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Abstract
Information is sparse and contradictory in the literature regarding the role of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in esophageal carcinoma. This study was conducted over a period of 18 months from September 2004 with the primary aim of determining the PR, ER alpha (ERalpha) and ER beta (ERbeta) status of esophageal carcinoma and normal esophageal mucosa (NEM). The receptor status was correlated with tumor type, tumor differentiation and tumor stage. A total of 45 patients with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 30) and adenocarcinoma (AC) (n = 15) were studied. Receptor status was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and semiquantitative assessment was done by quick score method of endoscopic biopsy specimens. The mean age for SCC and AC were not significantly different. The gender ratio in favor of males was 3 : 2 for SCC and 4 : 1 for AC. None of the specimens from SCC or AC showed positivity for PR both in NEM and tumor tissue. Likewise none of the specimens were positive for ERalpha by IHC. The mean ERbeta score for AC was significantly higher than SCC. For SCC it was seen that ERbeta positivity in tumor cells increases with dedifferentiation and increasing tumor stage. This trend was seen for AC as well. ERbeta is over-expressed in poorly differentiated SCC and AC compared to NEM. Thus ERbeta may be a marker for poor biological behavior, that is dedifferentiation or higher stage of disease. In view of these findings we propose a large-scale prospective, longitudinal interventional study using selective estrogen modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kalayarasan
- Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
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