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Gehani AA, Ramaiah VK. Pulse Oximetry: A Useful Tool. Qatar Med J 2005. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2005.2.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal advantage of optical sensors for medical applications is their intrinsic safety since there is no electrical contact between the patient and the equipment. Pulse oximetry is a simple, continuous, non-invasive method of monitoring the percentage of haemoglobin (Hb) which is saturated with oxygen. Oxygen saturation (Sa02) is defined as the ratio of oxygen content of hemoglobin over oxygen carrying capacity. A pulse oximeter consists of two light-emitting diodes, a photocell detector and a microprocessor with a visual display unit. The unit displays the percentage of Hb saturated with oxygen together with a signal that is audible for each pulse beat, a calculated heart rate and in some models, a graphical representation of the blood flow past the probe. An oximeter gives early warning of hypoxic events.
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Salam A, Al Homsi U, Gehani AA. Ximelagatran, the Oral Anticoagulant of the Future An Evidence Based Review. Qatar Med J 2005. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2005.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the available data on Ximelagatran, a novel oral direct thrombin inhibitor and explores its therapeutic potential Recent large clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy and safety of this anticoagulant compared to the standard anticoagulation therapy with warfarin and heparins in several thrombotic disorders. These trials provide strong evidence for the efficacy and safety of ximelagatran in the following clinical indications; the prevention of venous thromboembolism after knee or hip replacement, the treatment of deep venous thrombosis, and prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Further evaluation of this promising oral anticoagulant is warranted in other thrombotic cardiovascular disorders requiring chronic oral anticoagulation therapy such as in patients with prosthetic heart valves, intracardiac thrombi, dilated cardiomyopathy, after myocardial infarction and post percutaneous coronary interventions.
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Gehani AA, Hammoudeh M. Selected Abstracts From Other Journals. Qatar Med J 2005. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2005.2.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although capacities for intensive monitoring of patients with stroke are still limited, patients at risk for early neurologic worsening are poorly defined.
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Ibrahim W, Gehani AA. Insight into the New Changes in European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Adult Resuscitation (2005). Qatar Med J 2005. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2005.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is five years now since the last European resuscitation guidelines were published(1). The science of resuscitation has been enriched with further significant scientific evidence that has led to new evidence-based guidelines. These guidelines were released in November 2005 and published in the international Journal of Resuscitation, November 2005(2).
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Gehani AA, Hammoudeh M. “From Qatar to the World” Abstracts Presented at International Conferences /or Published in Medical Journals. Qatar Med J 2005. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2005.2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The management of antenatally diagnosed ureteropelvic junction obstruction (PUJO) is controversial. Here, we present our experience over a period of 13 years and discuss our management protocol.
Materials and Methods: We received the files of 234 patients with antenatally diagnosed congenital hydronephrosis due to PUJO. Management was tailored to each patient, based on a combination of diethylenetetraminepentacetic acid renogram outcome, pelvic diameter, as well as the patient's symptoms.
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Hammoudeh M, Gehani AA. Selected Abstracts From Other Journals. Qatar Med J 2005. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2005.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: There is a paucity of effective, well-tolerated drugs available for migraine prophylaxis.
Objective: To determine whether treatment with the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan is effective as a migraine-prophylactic drug.
Design and Setting: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study performed in a Norwegian neurological outpatient clinic from January 2001 to February 2002.
Patient: Sixty patients aged 18 to 65 years with 2 to 6 migraine attacks per month were recruited mainly from newspaper advertisements.
Interventions: A placebo run-in period of 4 weeks was followed by two 12-week treatment periods separated by 4 weeks of placebo washout. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to receive one 16-mg candesartan cilexetil tablet daily in the first treatment period followed by 1 placebo tablet daily in the second period. The remaining 30 received placebo followed by candesartan.
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Bujassoum SM, Gehani AA. Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Qatar 1999-2002. Qatar Med J 2004. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2004.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This is retrospective study of breast cancer in Qatar during period 1999-2002, using cancer registry data A total 214 patients were diagnosed with breast cancer; with incidence of5/10,000 of population per year; account-ing for 13.3% of new cancer cases and 29.9% of all female cancer. Male breast cancer is rare accounting for 3.2% of total number. Qatari patients were 23% and non-Qatari patients were 36.2%. The disease more common in ages between 46-55years old accounting for 64% of total breast cancer; patients usually presented beyond or equal to Stage II and with distant metastasis in 7% of cases, patients com-monly present with invasive ductal carcinoma and histo-logical Grade 2 & 3, it has been noticed that were decrease in incidence of Stage III & IV and decrease in Stage I & II which reflect improvement in patient awareness of this problem.
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Abstract
G6PD deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency disease worldwide, affecting 10% of the world's population. It is an X linked recessive disease therefore it affects males more than females (females are usually carriers of the disease).
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Salam AM, Gehani AA. Tutorials in Therapeutics Should Cholesterol Level be lowered below “Normal”?: Insights from the Heart Protection Study. Qatar Med J 2004. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2004.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of cholesterol-lowering with statins has been established for patients with high cholesterol levels as well as for patients with prior occlusive coronary heart disease. However; substantial uncertainty has existed about the long-term benefits of these agents in certain groups, including patients with “normal” cholesterol levels pretreatment, women, the elderly, as well as those with prior occlusive non-coronary disease. The Heart Protection Study 1 was designed to resolve these uncertainties and to provide substantially more safety information of statins. We present its significance and practical implications.
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Mubarak NM, Gehani AA. Oxygen - Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve. Qatar Med J 2004. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2004.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery system of oxygen in the human body consist of lungs and CVS, which it depends by it self on the:
1 Amount of O2 entering the lung.
2 Adequacy of pulmonary gas exchange.
3 Blood flow to the tissue: witch depends on the degree of the constriction of the vascular bed in the tissue, and on the cardiac output.
4 Capacity of blood to carry O2: which depends on the amount of dissolved O2, amount of Hb in the blood, and affinity of Hb for O2
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D'Souza A, Gehani AA. Peripheral Nerve Injuries. Qatar Med J 2003. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2003.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are one of the usual spotter cases in international exams. They are fun to diagnose and can be easily identified by knowing many of the characteristic signs and tests. A few basic concepts in the anatomy, course and branches of the peripheral nerves makes it possible to diagnose the level of lesion with ease.
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Salam AM, Azzam SB, Numan M, Al Haroob A, Al Musleh AW, Gehani AA. Updates in Pediatrics Basic Life Support:An Evidence-Based Review. Qatar Med J 2003. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2003.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Heart Association, together with representatives from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), which is made up of leading resuscitation organizations from the Americas, Europe, Southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, undertook a series of evidence-based evaluations of the science of resuscitation which culminated in the publication of ’Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care’ in August 2000 tL2). Experts from non-ILCOR organizations from Asia and elsewhere also participated in drawing up the guidelines.
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Salam AM, Al Musleh AW, Gehani AA. Resuscitation Guidelines Updates: Adult Advanced Life Support. Qatar Med J 2002. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2002.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Guidelines 2000 Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care was the world's first international conference to produce evidence- based international resuscitation guidelines.
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Hammoudeh M, Gehani AA. Selected Abstracts From Other Journals. Qatar Med J 2002. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2002.2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To define forces of youth soccer ball heading (headers) and determine whether heading causes retinal hemorrhage.
Setting: Regional Children's Hospital, youth soccer camp.
Patients: Male and female soccer players, 13 to 16 years old, who regularly head soccer balls.
Measurements: Dilated retinal examination, after 2-week header diary, and accelerometer measurement of heading a lofted soccer ball.
Results: Twenty-one youth soccer players, averaging 79 headers in the prior 2 weeks, and 3 players who did not submit header diaries lacked retinal hemorrhage. Thirty control subjects also lacked retinal hemorrhage. Seven subjects heading the ball experienced linear cranial accelerations of 3.7±1.3g. Rotational accelerations were negligible.
Conclusions: Headers, not associated with globe impact, are unlikely to cause retinal hemorrhage. Correctly executed headers did not cause significant rotational acceleration of the head, but incorrectly executed headers might.
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Omer AA, Khalid MK, Gehani AA. Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction Following Electrocution. Qatar Med J 2002. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2002.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocution is a well known cause of cardiac arrest, mostly secondary to ventricular fibrillation. Acute myocardial infarction has been reported in a few cases although the pathogenesis is not clear. We report two cases of acute myocardial infarction after electrocution, both confirmed by electrocardiography and markedly elevated cardiac enzymes. Echocardiography showed cardiac damage evidenced by hypokinesia.
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Gehani AA, Hammoudeh M. Selected Abstracts From Other journals. Qatar Med J 2002. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2002.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The analgesics used for pediatric tonsillectomy may be associated with side-effects such as sedation, respiratory depression and vomiting (opiods) or increased bleeding [non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)]. In our institution, we employ a combination of paracetamol, NSAID and opioid, although there is no published evidence of analgesic benefits from adding NSAIDs to paracetamol in children.
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Salam AM, AI Musleh AW, Gehani AA. Resuscitation Guidelines Update: Adult Basic Life Support. Qatar Med J 2002. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2002.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Guidelines 2000 Conference on Cardiop-ulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care was the world's first international conference to produce evi-dence-based international resuscitation guidelines.
Herein, we summarize the changes in these guidelines as it applies to Adult Basic Life Support (BLS). This interpretation is basically similar to that of the European Resuscitation Coun-cil (ERC). The changes have been incorporated into the cur-riculum of our Advanced Life Support (ALS) provider courses and the new 2001 ERC ALS manual.
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Gehani AA, Hammoudeh M. From Qatar to the World” Abstracts Presented at International Conferences. Qatar Med J 2002. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2002.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral pilocarpine (OP) in reducing the incidence of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Thirty two adult patients completed a total of 82 courses of chemotherapy in which either OP or placebo was given pro-phylactically in a double-blind cross-over design to prevent mucositis. Mucositis was documented in 20 out of 41 courses in which patients were given placebo, whereas mucositis was documented in only six out of 41 courses when patients were given OP (P<0.005). OP treatment was found to significantly reduce the mucositis score when assessed by the method of Donnelly and colleagues (Donnelly JP, Muus P, Schatttenberg A, De Witte T, Horrevorts A, De Pauw BE. Bone Marrow Transplant 1992, 9, 409–413). Using this score, all patients scored a total of 52 when they were given the placebo versus eleven when they were treated with OP (P<0.001). A similar reduction in mucositis score was noticed using the World Health Organization (WHO) mucositis score; the total patient score was 25 for the placebo-treated group versus 6 for the OP group (PcO.OOl). We therefore conclude that oral pilocarpine is highly effective in the prevention of oral mucositis when given prophylactically to adult patients receiving a variety of cancer chemotherapy regimens
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Gehani AA, Hammoudeh M. From Qatar to the world'abstracts presented at international conferences. Qatar Med J 2001. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2001.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Gehani AA, al-Mulla AW, Chaikhouni A, Ammar AS, Mahrous F, Tirkawi R, Ashraf A, Hajar HA. Myocardial infarction with normal coronary angiography compared with severe coronary artery disease without myocardial infarction: the crucial role of smoking. JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK 2001; 8:1-8. [PMID: 11234721 DOI: 10.1177/174182670100800101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Why do some patients suffer acute myocardial infarction (MI) despite angiographically normal coronary arteries (NL + MI) whereas others enjoy an acute MI-free life despite extensive three-vessel disease (3VD-MI)? The present study contrasts these two groups to identify some differences in the risk profile. METHODS In 10,000 patients admitted to the cardiology service, a first MI was confirmed in 2356 patients, of whom 1609 underwent coronary angiography. In 77 patients with MI, coronary angiography was found to be entirely normal (NL + MI, 77/1609, 4.1%). These were contrasted to 123 patients with severe three-vessel coronary disease but no MI (3VD-MI). RESULTS Patients with NL + MI were 13 years younger (42 +/- 8.3 vs 55 +/- 10.5, P < 0.05), with 33 patients (43%) under the age 40 years, in contrast to only 9 patients (7.3%) in the 3VD group being this age. Patients with NC + MI were more often current smokers (80.5% vs 29% in the 3VD group; P < 0.01). Patients with 3VD-MI were, on the other hand, more often diabetic (54% vs 9% in the NL + MI group; P < 0.01) and had a higher cholesterol level (5.6 +/- 1.1 vs 4.9 +/- 1.0 Mmol/l, P < 0.01) as well as a higher incidence of chronic stable angina (52% vs 22%; P < 0.01) and heart failure (6% compared with 0% in the NL + MI group). Sixty-one out of 77 (79%) NL + MI patients had a single risk factor, and in 87%, this was smoking alone. Diabetes mellitus was rare and never occurred alone in this group. CONCLUSION In patients who suffer MI despite normal coronary angiography, smoking is a major risk factor: In contrast, in patients with extensive coronary artery disease on angiography but no MI, diabetes rather than smoking is the dominant risk factor. The findings of this study support the view that the risk factors for stable and unstable coronary artery disease are different, as reflected by the contrast of the above groups at the extremes of the spectrum. Smoking appears to be a major risk factor for acute MI (even with normal coronary angiography), whereas diabetes is a major risk factor for more severe but more stable coronary artery disease.
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Gehani AA, Al Thani G. From qatar to the world'abstracts presented at international conferences. Qatar Med J 2000. [DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2000.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Gehani AA, Rees MR. Can rotational atherectomy cause thermal tissue damage? A study of the potential heating and thermal tissue effects of a rotational atherectomy device. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1998; 21:481-6. [PMID: 9853166 DOI: 10.1007/s002709900308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thermal tissue damage (TTD) is customarily associated with some lasers. The thermal potential of rotational atherectomy (RA) devices is unknown. We investigated the temperature profile and potential TTD as well as the value of fluid flushing of an RA device. METHODS We used a high-resolution infrared imaging system that can detect changes as small as 0.1 degree C to measure the temperature changes at the tip of a fast RA device with and without fluid flushing. To assess TTD, segments of porcine aorta were subjected to the rotating tip under controlled conditions, stained by a special histochemical stain (picrisirius red) and examined under normal and polarized light microscopy. RESULTS There was significant heating of the rotating cam. The mean "peak" temperature rise was 52.8 +/- 16.9 degrees C. This was related to rotational speed; thus the "peak" temperature rise was 88.3 +/- 12.6 degrees C at 80,000 rpm and 17.3 +/- 3.8 degrees C at 20,000 rpm (p < 0.001, t-test). Fluid flushing at 18 ml/min reduced, but did not abolish, heating of the device (11.8 +/- 2.9 degrees C). A crater was observed in all segments exposed to the rotating tip. The following features were most notable: (i) A zone of "thermal" tissue damage extended radially from the crater reaching adventitia in some sections, especially at high speeds. This zone showed markedly reduced or absent birefringence. (ii) Fluid flushing of the catheter reduced the above changes but increased the incidence and extent of dissections in the media, especially when combined with high atherectomy speeds. (iii) These changes were observed in five of six specimens exposed to RA without flushing, but in only one of six with flushing (p < 0.05). (iv) None of the above changes was seen in control segments. CONCLUSION RA is capable of generating significant heat and potential TTD. Fluid flushing reduced heating and TTD. These findings warrant further studies in vivo, and may influence the design of atherectomy devices.
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Gehani AA, Latif AB, Rees MR. Fast rotating atherectomy catheter tip inhibits platelet aggregation and ATP release: a study using platelet-rich plasma. Angiology 1998; 49:833-42. [PMID: 9783648 DOI: 10.1177/000331979804900907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of atherectomy devices with the arterial wall is the focus of many studies, but their effect on the surrounding blood is largely unknown. This is a detailed investigation on the effects of a rotational atherectomy device with a fast rotating tip on platelet structure and function. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was obtained from six volunteers, divided into 5 mL samples, and subjected to the atherectomy tip rotating at 20, 40, or 80 thousand rpm for 30 or 60 seconds. Platelet aggregation to collagen or adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was obtained in all samples by means of a dual-chamber optical aggregometer. The fast rotating catheter tip caused marked inhibition of platelet aggregation to both collagen and ADP. The maximum extent of aggregation was reduced from 85% +/-2.8 in control to 46% +/-4.8 with collagen (p<0.01) and from 86.1% +/-6.9 to 25.1% +/-4.3 with ADP (p<0.01). The rate of aggregation (measured at 4 minutes) dropped from 81.3% +/-2.7 to 40% +/-4.5 and from 73.9% +/-8.5 to 12.5% +/-2.6 (p<0.005) with collagen and ADP, respectively. These effects were related to rotating speed and duration of exposure. ATP release in response to collagen fell from 2.63 +/-0.13 nMol in control to 0.7 +/-0.1 nMol, p<0.001 after exposure to the rotating tip. There was no significant change in platelet count, nor was there formation of platelet aggregates (platelet aggregate ratio remained unchanged) to account for these phenomena. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy showed no significant platelet disruption or release of granules, and little signs of activation were seen even after addition of collagen. This is the first study to demonstrate that exposure to a fast rotating catheter tip inhibits in vitro platelet aggregation and ATP release. There were no apparent loss of integrity of platelet structure, release of granules, or formation of platelet aggregates. This phenomenon and its clinical implication justify further investigation.
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Abstract
Cardiac catheterization in Qatar was initiated in July 1982. In ten years, a total of 3900 procedures were performed at Hamad General Hospital. Computerized data registry has been maintained since 1982. Isolated coronary angiography was done in 2911 patients; of these, 2635 (90.5%) were men, and 276 (9.5%) were women, the average age of the patients was 47+/-9.2 years (range, twenty-five to eighty-eight). Patients' nationality was Qatari in 492 (17%), and other Arabs in 610 (21%), and 1512 (52%) were from the Asian subcontinent. Myocardial infarction was the most common indication (43%). Single-vessel disease was found in 638 (22%), two-vessel disease in 630 (22%), three-vessel disease in 950 (33%), and nonsignificant coronary artery disease in 693 (24%) patients. Morbidity related to the coronary angiography was reported in 147 (5%) patients, but there was no mortality related to the procedure. In 822 (28%) patients, the age was forty years or younger. The angiographic findings of these younger patients were compared with those of the older ones. Younger patients were usually men of Asian subcontinental origin with a recent myocardial infarction (MI). Often, they had normal coronary arteries or single-vessel disease. Patients of Asian subcontinent origin were usually young male patients with a recent MI, who receive streptokinase, and have single-vessel disease.
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