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Rekers NV, Bajema IM, Mallat MJK, Petersen B, Anholts JDH, Swings GMJS, van Miert PPMC, Kerkhoff C, Roth J, Popp D, van Groningen MC, Baeten D, Goemaere N, Kraaij MD, Zandbergen M, Heidt S, van Kooten C, de Fijter JW, Claas FHJ, Eikmans M. Beneficial Immune Effects of Myeloid-Related Proteins in Kidney Transplant Rejection. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1441-55. [PMID: 26607974 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute rejection is a risk factor for inferior long-term kidney transplant survival. Although T cell immunity is considered the main effector in clinical acute rejection, the role of myeloid cells is less clear. Expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) and S100A9 was evaluated in 303 biopsies before and after transplantation from 190 patients. In two independent cohorts of patients with acute rejection (n = 98 and n = 11; mostly cellular rejections), high expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) and A9 (S100A9) was related to improved graft outcome. Mechanisms of action of the S100 molecules were investigated. In the graft and peripheral blood cells, S100A8 and S100A9 expression correlated with myeloid-derived suppressor markers. In line with this finding, recombinant S100A8 and S100A9 proteins inhibited maturation and the allogeneic T cell stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells. S100A9 enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages, which suppressed T cell activity at low concentrations in the form of hydrogen peroxide. Intragraft S100A8 and S100A9 expression linked to reduced expression of T cell immunity and tissue injury markers and higher expression of immune regulatory molecules. This study sheds new light on the importance of myeloid cell subsets in directing the outcome of T cell-mediated acute rejection.
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Wiegell SR, Petersen B, Wulf HC. Pulse photodynamic therapy reduces inflammation without compromising efficacy in the treatment of multiple mild actinic keratoses of the face and scalp: a randomized clinical trial. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:979-84. [PMID: 26852899 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main side-effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for actinic keratoses (AKs) are post-treatment erythema and oedema, and pain during illumination. Severe erythema after PDT enhances the down time associated with the treatment. OBJECTIVES To evaluate in a randomized intraindividual study whether pulse-PDT and corticosteroid pulse-PDT would reduce treatment-induced erythema compared with conventional PDT. METHODS Twenty-two patients with multiple mild AKs on the face and scalp were treated with methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL)-PDT in three similar areas. Two areas were incubated with MAL for 30 min (pulse-PDT) and one area was incubated with MAL for 3 h (conventional PDT). All areas were illuminated with red light after 3 h. In one of the pulse-PDT areas a superpotent corticosteroid was applied before and just after PDT (S-pulse-PDT). RESULTS Pulse-PDT significantly reduced PDT-induced erythema (P = 0·020), and erythema was even further reduced by S-pulse-PDT (P < 0·001). The complete lesion response rate 3 months after PDT did not differ significantly between the three treated areas. CONCLUSIONS Pulse-PDT and S-pulse-PDT reduced erythema 24 h after treatment of multiple mild AKs on the face and scalp. The use of a short MAL application time and topical corticosteroid did not affect the efficacy of PDT and may be an easy way to make PDT treatment of large visible areas more acceptable.
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Liu Y, Lucas-Hahn A, Petersen B, Li R, Hermann D, Hassel P, Ziegler M, Li J, Larsen K, Niemann H, Callesen H. 15 HISTONE ACETYLATION PROFILE OF PORCINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED BY 2 CLONING METHODS WITH OR WITHOUT IN VITRO CULTURE. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv28n2ab15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional “Dolly”-based cloned (CNT) embryos maintain zona pellucida and can be transferred early in development. Handmade cloned (HMC) embryos are zona free and are cultured to later stages for transfer. We have shown differences between HMC and CNT embryos (Rep. Fert. Dev. 26, 123), and both in vitro culture and cloning method (NT) are associated with alterations in histone acetylation. More studies are needed to clarify whether CNT and HMC embryos differ in epigenetic profiles due to NT method or culture condition. Here we investigated histone acetylation profile of NT embryos produced by CNT or HMC with or without 5 to 6 days in vitro culture, emphasising quality and gene expression in resulting embryos. Both NT methods were performed on Day 0 (D0) with same oocyte batch, donor cells, and culture medium (CNT in group, HMC in well of well). On D0, 5, and 6 after CNT (Clon. Stem Cells 10, 355) or HMC (Zygote 20, 61), all developed embryos of all morphological qualities were collected for immunostaining of H3K18ac, and on D0 and 6 for mRNA expression of the genes KAT2A/2B, EP300, HDAC1/2, DNMT1o/s, and GAPDH. Embryo quality was evaluated normal (clear inner cell mass, high cell number, no fragments) or bad (no clear inner cell mass, low cell number, fragments). Cell numbers per blastocyst were counted on D5 and 6. Differences in cell number and H3K18ac level between different groups and days were analysed by ANOVA; gene expression data were analysed by GLM (SAS version 9.3, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Embryo development rates of both NT methods were reported previously (Rep. Fert. Dev. 26, 123). On D5 and 6, all HMC embryos were evaluated as normal, but the CNT group contained both normal and bad embryos. Regarding cell numbers (Table 1), on D5 there was no difference between normal CNT and HMC embryos, but numbers were lower in CNT bad embryos. On D6 the blastocyst cell number was lower in both normal and bad CNT embryos compared with HMC. Regarding H3K18ac levels (Table 1), no differences were found on D5 between normal CNT and HMC embryos, but on D6 both CNT normal and bad embryos had higher H3K18ac level compared with HMC. On D0, no difference was found in mRNA expression of all 8 genes. On D6, KAT2A expression was slight increased (1.8-fold) in CNT compared with HMC embryos (P < 0.05). In conclusion, no differences were found between CNT and HMC embryos after completed NT procedure (D0) or after 5 days in vitro culture. However, differences in quality (cell number and H3K18ac) and gene expression between the 2 NT methods were observed when blastocyst expansion was initiated (D6). Thus, the 2 NT methods seem to produce embryos of similar quality, which is maintained over 5 days in vitro culture, but thereafter gene expression and histone acetylation are more active in CNT embryos.
Table 1.Cell number and H3K18ac level1
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Nowak-Imialek M, Wunderlich S, Herrmann D, Klein S, Baulain U, Lucas-Hahn A, Petkov S, Mall E, Petersen B, Martin U, Niemann H. 223 GENERATION OF INTERSPECIES CHIMERAS BETWEEN PRIMATE INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS AND PORCINE PARTHENOGENETIC EMBRYOS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv28n2ab223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) paves the way to generate regenerative tissue or organs from patient’s own stem cells. The production of chimeric piglets carrying organs that are entirely derived from human stem cells, or at least have a high contribution of human cells or tissues, could be used as a new tissue or an organ replacement in the future treatment of the patients. Here, we produced porcine-nonhuman primate chimeric embryos to assess the feasibility of the potential use of human iPSC for production of human stem cell-derived organs in pigs. Because in vitro culture conditions for cynomolgus monkey iPSC and porcine blastocysts are different, we first identified an effective in vitro culture system for porcine blastocysts and monkey iPSC. We compared blastocyst rates (Days 7 and 8) and number of cells of porcine parthenogenetic blastocysts (Day 8) cultured in 8 different monkey iPSC media and in porcine zygote medium 3 (PZM-3). The best developmental rates of porcine blastocysts were achieved in Knockout DMEM+20% serum replacement monkey medium (iPS 20% medium; N = 65, n = 3). The number of blastocysts on Day 8 cultured in iPS 20% medium was significantly higher (91%; P < 0.05) than in the commonly used porcine PZM-3 medium (65%). We found significantly fewer (P < 0.05) degenerate porcine embryos on Day 8 after culture in iPS 20% medium (9%) compared to PZM-3 (35%). The number of nuclei per blastocyst in iPS 20% medium (88 nuclei; N = 30, n = 3) was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than in the PZM-3 medium (57 nuclei; N = 54, n = 3). Therefore, we decided to use iPS 20% medium for culture of porcine blastocysts injected with monkey iPSC. Thereafter, we injected clusters of 10 to 15 monkey iPSC transgenic with AAVS1-CAG-Venus into porcine parthenogenetic embryos from Days 4 and 6. Interspecies chimeras were cultured in iPS 20% medium for 24 (for Day 6 embryos) or 48 h (for Day 4 embryos) and observed by confocal microscopy to determine the proportion of Venus-expressing monkey iPSC in porcine embryos. Approximately 37% of blastocysts contained Venus-positive cells after injection of Day 6 embryos (N = 133, n = 4). In contrast, injection into porcine embryos from Day 4 resulted in 73% of Venus-positive blastocysts (N = 69, n = 3). Finally, we investigated proliferation and survival of monkey iPSC in interspecies chimeras after blastocyst plating onto murine fibroblasts. Chimeric blastocyst outgrowth resulted in Venus-expressing monkey iPSC proliferating over 1 week in culture. Outgrowths of all chimeric blastocysts established distinct but separate monkey and porcine stem cell colonies. Here, we optimized the culture conditions for an in vitro interspecies chimera assay in which monkey iPSC are able to survive in porcine embryos. Integration of monkey iPSC to host inner cell mass is relevant for the further contribution to the embryo development. Therefore, to verify this, analysis of cell-cell connection between monkey iPSC and porcine blastocysts and experiments using vivo-derived embryos are currently underway.
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Bodekær M, Harrison G, Philipsen P, Petersen B, Triguero-Mas M, Schmalwieser A, Rogowski-Tylman M, Dadvand P, Lesiak A, Narbutt J, Eriksen P, Heydenreich J, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Thieden E, Young A, Wulf H. Personal UVR exposure of farming families in four European countries. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:267-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Braga V, Li L, Pardhan A, Lian D, Leeksma A, Petersen B, Cohen E, Wijeysundera H, Forsey A, Kingsbury K. STANDARDIZATION AND MEASUREMENT OF CARDIAC SERVICES PERFORMANCE THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY-BASED PROCEDURES (QBPS). Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Lee S, Chary M, Petersen B, Mascarenhas JO. Paraneoplastic orthostatic hypotension associated with acute myeloid leukemia. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2015; 19:2934-2937. [PMID: 26241551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Paraneoplastic neuropathies associated with leukemia are rare, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial due to the potential for irreversible neurological deficits and delay in treatment of the leukemia. This is the first report to describe severe paraneoplastic orthostatic hypotension which resolved after treatment of the acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The patient is a 76 year-old woman who presented with progressive dizziness, anorexia, and fatigue. She had severe orthostatic hypotension (supine systolic blood pressure 186 mmHg and standing 79 mmHg). She was found to have AML, for which azacitidine was initiated, and orthostatic hypotension resolved after initiation of treatment. This case demonstrates a unique example of paraneoplastic sequelae remitting with treatment of the underlying hematologic neoplasm. Physicians should be aware of this unusual occurrence of autonomic neuropathy with AML as delay in treatment of the hematologic malignancy can lead to irreversible neurologic deficit and increased morbidity and mortality.
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Bodekær M, Petersen B, Thieden E, Philipsen PA, Heydenreich J, Olsen P, Wulf HC. UVR exposure and vitamin D in a rural population. A study of outdoor working farmers, their spouses and children. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 13:1598-606. [PMID: 25248029 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00188e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living and working in the countryside may result in excessive UVR exposure, with increased risk of skin cancer. Some sun exposure is, however, recommended, since vitamin D production is UVB-dependent. OBJECTIVES To examine UVR exposure and vitamin D levels in a rural population of outdoor working male farmers, their indoor working spouses and their children, expected to receive high UVR exposure. METHODS Prospective, cohort study. During the summer 2009 daily, personal UVR exposure and sun behaviour were recorded by dosimetry and diaries (17 403 days). Vitamin D was measured at the end of summer and the following winter. RESULTS Risk behaviour (= exposure of shoulders/upper body to the sun), beach days, sunscreen use and sunburns were infrequent. Farmers and boys had the highest daily UVR exposure (both 1.5 SED per day), likewise on work days. On non-work days the UVR exposure was even higher (up to 2.0 SED per day). Farmers, girls and boys had a higher chronic UVR exposure than the spouses, who had more intermittent high UVR exposure. Vitamin D levels did not differ between family members. At the end of summer 16% of the participants were vitamin D insufficient, the following winter, 61%. Some UVR exposure variables correlated positively, but weakly, with vitamin D levels. CONCLUSIONS UVR exposure was generally high among this study population, however, vitamin D levels still dropped below the recommended level during winter for most participants. Differences in UVR exposure between the groups did not result in differences in vitamin D levels.
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Popp D, Petersen B, Rühle F, Roth J. OP0192 S100 Proteins in Dendritic Cells Regulate Inflammatory Processes. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ahrens HE, Petersen B, Herrmann D, Lucas-Hahn A, Hassel P, Ziegler M, Kues WA, Baulain U, Baars W, Schwinzer R, Denner J, Rataj D, Werwitzke S, Tiede A, Bongoni AK, Garimella PS, Despont A, Rieben R, Niemann H. siRNA mediated knockdown of tissue factor expression in pigs for xenotransplantation. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1407-14. [PMID: 25808638 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute vascular rejection (AVR), in particular microvascular thrombosis, is an important barrier to successful pig-to-primate xenotransplantation. Here, we report the generation of pigs with decreased tissue factor (TF) levels induced by small interfering (si)RNA-mediated gene silencing. Porcine fibroblasts were transfected with TF-targeting small hairpin (sh)RNA and used for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Offspring were analyzed for siRNA, TF mRNA and TF protein level. Functionality of TF downregulation was investigated by a whole blood clotting test and a flow chamber assay. TF siRNA was expressed in all twelve liveborn piglets. TF mRNA expression was reduced by 94.1 ± 4.7% in TF knockdown (TFkd) fibroblasts compared to wild-type (WT). TF protein expression in PAEC stimulated with 50 ng/mL TNF-α was significantly lower in TFkd pigs (mean fluorescence intensity TFkd: 7136 ± 136 vs. WT: 13 038 ± 1672). TF downregulation significantly increased clotting time (TFkd: 73.3 ± 8.8 min, WT: 45.8 ± 7.7 min, p < 0.0001) and significantly decreased thrombus formation compared to WT (mean thrombus coverage per viewing field in %; WT: 23.5 ± 13.0, TFkd: 2.6 ± 3.7, p < 0.0001). Our data show that a functional knockdown of TF is compatible with normal development and survival of pigs. TF knockdown could be a valuable component in the generation of multi-transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation.
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Bernau M, Kremer PV, Lauterbach E, Tholen E, Petersen B, Pappenberger E, Scholz AM. Evaluation of carcass composition of intact boars using linear measurements from performance testing, dissection, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Meat Sci 2015; 104:58-66. [PMID: 25710408 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate non-invasive imaging methods to update the used regression equation for stationary tested boars. A total of 94 boars were examined. 20 boars were dissected to provide the reference LMP. Performance data (PD) from right carcasses were available from all groups. The left carcasses were studied by MRI & DXA. Based on the reference LMP and the MRI & DXA data, regression equations for LMP were developed. The estimates for LMP based on MRI & DXA data were used to calculate new regression equations for entire male carcass halves based on linear PD. Further 33 PD sets served as independent sample, which was included in a Monte Carlo simulation for imputing the missing reference LMPs (n=74) and discussing the accuracy of the results. The LMP regression equation based on the combined MRI & DXA data is as accurate as the former regression equation, but needs only three instead of seven variables.
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Wiegell S, Petersen B, Wulf H. Topical corticosteroid reduces inflammation without compromising the efficacy of photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses: a randomized clinical trial. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1487-92. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Petersen B, Bakheit M, Ahmed J. Special issue: Emerging and re-emerging epidemics affecting global health. Editorial. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 60 Suppl 2:1. [PMID: 24589094 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Petersen B, Wiegell S, Wulf H. Light protection of the skin after photodynamic therapy reduces inflammation: an unblinded randomized controlled study. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:175-8. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu Y, Lucas-Hahn A, Petersen B, Li R, Hassel P, Ziegler M, Li J, Larsen K, Niemann H, Callesen H. 18 DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF CLONED PORCINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED WITH DIFFERENT CLONING PROCEDURES. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv26n1ab18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two nuclear transfer (NT) techniques are routinely used to produce cloned animals, traditional cloning (TC) and handmade cloning (HMC). The TC embryos keep their zona and can be transferred at early stages, whereas HMC embryos are zona-free and must be cultured to the morula/blastocyst stage before transfer. Some studies have shown that in vitro culture reduces embryo development and quality, but it is not known whether embryos produced by TC or HMC differ because of the NT method or the in vitro culture. Therefore, we investigated the developmental competence and histone acetylation (H3K18ac) of porcine NT embryos produced by TC and HMC with (Day 5 and 6) or without (Day 0) in vitro culture. Nuclear transfer experiments were performed on same day (Day 0), using same batch of porcine oocytes and donor cells and same in vitro culture conditions. Cloning procedures were previously described (TC : Cloning Stem Cells 10 : 355; HMC : Zygote 20 : 61). Parthenogenetically activated embryos (PA) were used as control of activation and culture conditions. Embryos from all groups were collected for immunostaining of H3K18ac on Days 0, 5, and 6. The normalized H3K18ac level was calculated as previously described (Epigenetics 6 : 177). Cell numbers per blastocyst in each group were counted on Days 5 and 6. The cleavage rate (Day 2) and blastocyst rates (Days 5 and 6) between groups were analysed by Chi-squared test, whereas cell number per blastocysts and H3K18ac level between groups and days were analysed by ANOVA (SAS version 9.2; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Cleavage rate of HMC embryos was lower than that of TC embryos, but blastocyst rate and cell number per blastocyst were higher in the HMC group compared with TC (Table 1). Differences of H3K18ac level between HMC, TC, and PA groups were only observed on Day 6 but not on Day 0 or Day 5. Within HMC and TC groups, there was no difference in H3K18ac level between Day 0 and Day 5, but the level was lower on Day 6 compared with Day 5 in the HMC group, whereas the TC group displayed the opposite pattern. In conclusion, NT embryos produced by HMC show higher blastocyst rate and cell number per blastocyst compared with TC embryos. Both in vitro culture and the NT method result in differences of the normalized H3K18ac levels. Further study is needed to investigate putative differences between NT embryos produced by HMC and TC compared to in vivo embryos also after transfer to recipients.
Table 1.Cleavage and blastocyst rate, cell numbers, and normalized H3K18ac level for handmade cloning (HMC), traditional cloning (TC), and parthenogenetically activated (PA) embryos1
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Petersen B, Thieden E, Philipsen PA, Heydenreich J, Wulf HC, Young AR. Determinants of personal ultraviolet-radiation exposure doses on a sun holiday. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:1073-9. [PMID: 23301517 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A great number of journeys to sunny destinations are sold to the Danish population every year. We suspect that this travel considerably increases personal annual ultraviolet-radiation (UVR) exposure doses. This is important because such exposure is the main cause of skin cancer, and studies have shown a correlation between intermittent solar UVR exposure and malignant melanoma. OBJECTIVES To prospectively monitor the behaviour of a group of sun seekers during a winter sun holiday and to study the impact of behaviour on personal UVR exposure doses. METHODS In this observational study 25 Danish sun seekers were closely monitored by on-site investigators for 6 days during a winter sun holiday in the Canary Islands, thus avoiding the possible recall bias of retrospective studies with questionnaires. The volunteers recorded their location, clothing and sunscreen use in diaries, and their UVR doses were measured by personal UVR dosimeters worn on the wrist. This resulted in 3450 half-hour registrations during 150 participation days. RESULTS On average, each volunteer received a total UVR dose of 57 standard erythema doses over 6 days, which is 43% of the annual UVR dose of a Danish indoor worker. Their exposed body area, sunscreen use and percentage of body with sunscreen application were positively correlated with their personal UVR doses, and there was also a strong relationship between location and UVR doses received. CONCLUSIONS The behaviour of the volunteers had a major impact on their personal UVR doses. Our results emphasize the importance of changing the behaviour of sun seekers with protanning attitudes to reduce their personal annual UVR exposure doses, and possibly their risk of skin cancer.
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Hauschild-Quintern J, Petersen B, Cost GJ, Niemann H. Gene knockout and knockin by zinc-finger nucleases: current status and perspectives. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2969-83. [PMID: 23161061 PMCID: PMC11113862 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are engineered site-specific DNA cleavage enzymes that may be designed to recognize long target sites and thus cut DNA with high specificity. ZFNs mediate permanent and targeted genetic alteration via induction of a double-strand break at a specific genomic site. Compared to conventional homology-based gene targeting, ZFNs can increase the targeting rate by up to 100,000-fold; gene disruption via mutagenic DNA repair is similarly efficient. The utility of ZFNs has been shown in many organisms, including insects, amphibians, plants, nematodes, and several mammals, including humans. This broad range of tractable species renders ZFNs a useful tool for improving the understanding of complex physiological systems, to produce transgenic animals, cell lines, and plants, and to treat human disease.
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Ziegler R, Cavan DA, Cranston I, Barnard K, Vogel C, Ryder J, Parkin CG, Köhler W, Vesper I, Petersen B, Schweitzer MA, Wagner R. Einsatz eines Bolusrechners verbessert die glykämische Stoffwechseleinstellung ohne Erhöhung des Hypoglykämie-Risikos bei unbefriedigend eingestellten Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ1 und Typ2 behandelt mit ICT: Erste Ergebnisse der „Automated Bolus Advisor Control and Utility Study (ABACUS)“. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kharoti Y, Ahuja C, Timmermans H, Schenning R, Priest R, Petersen B, Kolbeck K, Barton R, Kaufman J, Keller F, Farsad K. Primary placement of a constrained transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: how we do it. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.01.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ahrens HE, Petersen B, Petkov S, Hauschild-Quintern J, Niemann H. 325 PRODUCTION OF GAL KNOCKOUT/hA20 TRANSGENIC PIGS WITH IMPROVED XENOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv25n1ab325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig-to-human xenotransplantation is promising for overcoming the shortage of suitable human donor organs, but is hampered by immunological barriers. The next immunological hurdle is the acute vascular rejection (AVR), which is associated with activation of the endothelium and the coagulation system. Recently, we demonstrated that transgenic expression of the zinc finger protein A20 protects porcine cells against apoptotic and inflammatory stimuli (Oropeza et al. 2009 Xenotransplantation 16, 522–534). Compared with other anti-apoptotic proteins, A20 also has immune-modulatory potential as shown in an CD95(Fas)Ligand assay. However, in that study, hA20 was only expressed in skeletal muscle, heart and porcine aortic endothelial cells of transgenic pigs. For use in xenotransplantation, it is critical to produce pigs with ubiquitous expression of hA20. Here, we constructed a new vector based on the Sleeping Beauty transposon plasmid pT2/HB containing the hA20 cDNA driven by the ubiquitously and strongly expressing CAGGS-promoter and co-transfected gal–/– porcine fibroblasts (Hauschild et al. 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 15 010) together with the SB transposase 100X plasmid (pT2/HB and SB transposase both kindly provided by Dr. Zoltan Ivics). Cells were selected with 400 µg of G418/mL of medium for 14 days. Subsequently, cells were screened by PCR. Transfected cell clones were pooled and used as donor cells in somatic cell nuclear transfer. Reconstructed embryos were transferred to 2 synchronized sows. Both remained pregnant on Day 25 of gestation. One recipient is expected to deliver in September 2012. The second sow, which received 104 embryos, was sacrificed on Day 26 of pregnancy and 2 fetuses could be obtained (cloning efficiency 1.92%). The fetuses had integrated the transgene into their genome as shown by PCR. Real-time PCR results from fetal fibroblasts indicated similar hA20 mRNA expression levels in both fetuses, whereas wild type controls were negative. The hA20 expression level was 2.5 and 3.1 times lower than in the original pooled of transfected cells. Fetus #1, which showed a slightly higher hA20 mRNA expression, was used for recloning. In total, 3 more recipients received an average of 104 hA20 transgenic embryos each. Currently, the hA20 protein level in fetal fibroblasts is determined by fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis. Once pigs are born, the tissue distribution of hA20 will be analysed. In parallel, the function of the transgene will be studied in the CD95(Fas)Ligand assay. Hearts and kidneys of the hA20-transgenic pigs will be further tested in ex vivo perfusion assays and in a pig-to-baboon xenotransplantation. This approach is promising for advancing pig-to-human xenotransplantation to preclinical application.
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Morovic M, Strejcek F, Ostrup O, Lucas-Hahn A, Petersen B, Niemann H, Hyttel P, Laurincik J. 54 EXPRESSION PATTERN OF DNMT1 AND DNMT3a GENES DURING INTERGENERIC SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv25n1ab54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most-discussed reasons for developmental incompetence of embryos constructed by the cloning procedure is inadequate reprogramming of the transferred nucleus to a state equivalent to that of an early embryonic nucleus. Previous studies have shown species-dependent expression patterns of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) genes in mammalian oocytes and preimplantation embryos, and also a correlation between incomplete DNA methylation and the lack of NT success in mammals. In the present study, the expression pattern of DNMT1 and DNTM3a genes at the 2-cell and 4-cell stages of bovine versus porcine intergeneric nuclear transfer (iSCNT) embryos was observed by reverse-transcriptase (RT) PCR. All pools were done in triplicate and contained 10 iSCNT embryos. The species-specific primers for DNMT1 and DNMT3a genes were designed for determination of de novo synthesis of epigenetic enzymes. As positive controls, porcine and bovine parthenogenetic embryos were used. Gene transcription for bovine DNMT1 (bDNMT1) and DNMT3a (bDNMT3a) was not observed in 2- and 4-cell stage embryos generated by bovine fibroblast transfer into the porcine ooplasm; however, using primers for pig DNMT1 (pDNMT1) and DNMT3a (pDNMT3a), positive results were obtained. In the 2- and 4-cell-stage embryos constructed using porcine fibroblast and bovine ooplasm, only the bovine-specific primers showed positive signals. Based on the different timing of major genome activation during embryonic development in bovine and porcine embryos, the strong influence of ooplasm on introduced fibroblast was expected. Despite the mRNA presence of DNMT1 and DNMT3a enzymes of oocyte origin, de novo transcription of somatic DNMT1 and DNMT3a genes was not detected and iSCNT embryos did not develop beyond the 4-cell stage. These results strongly suggest species-specific and maternally driven regulation of epigenetic reprogramming during early embryogenesis.
This work was supported by VEGA 1/0077/11.
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Strejcek F, Ostrup O, Morovic M, Petrovicova I, Lucas-Hahn A, Petersen B, Niemann H, Hyttel P, Laurincik J. 44 LIMITATIONS OF PORCINE OOPLASM TO REPROGRAM BOVINE SOMATIC CELLS. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv25n1ab44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The oocyte cytoplasm (ooplasm) constitutes a unique mixture of factors that are critical for successful reprogramming of haploid maternal and paternal genomes at fertilization as well as the diploid somatic cell genome after somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The 1-cell-stage embryos (produced by transfer of bovine fibroblast into porcine enucleated ooplast; interspecies SCNT, iSCNT) were processed at different time points (2, 4, 8, and 12 h post-activation, hpa) for detailed nuclear and nucleolar analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM; 4 to 5 embryos per group), and immunofluorescence (4 and 12 hpa) for visualization of nucleolar proteins related to transcription (upstream binding factor, UBF) and processing (fibrillarin; 8 to 9 embryos per group). The parameters of interspecies embryos were compared with porcine parthenogenetic (PA) counterparts (4 to 5 embryos per group for TEM analysis; 8 to 9 embryos per group for immunofluorescence analysis). At all evaluated time points, embryos in both groups displayed pronucleus-like nuclei with abundant euchromatin and characteristic porcine nucleolus precursor body (NPB), indicating maternal origin of nucleolar components. Fibrillarin was in both groups localized into shell-like intranuclear entities surrounding NPB. On the contrary, UBF in PA embryos was at 12 hpa colocalized with fibrillarin, whereas in iSCNT embryos, UBF staining was absent at both time points. Despite the similar morphology and localization of processing factor fibrillarin, striking differences in localization of transcription factor UBF suggest limitation of porcine ooplasm to mediate initial phases of nucleolar remodelling.
This work was supported by VEGA 1/0077/11.
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Hauschild-Quintern J, Petersen B, Herrmann D, Lucas-Hahn A, Petkov S, Schwinzer R, Niemann H. 327 PRODUCTION OF TRIPLE TRANSGENIC hHO-1/GGTA-1–/–/hCD55 TRANSGENIC PIGS USING SLEEPING BEAUTY TRANSPOSITION AND ZINC-FINGER NUCLEASES. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv25n1ab327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in xenotransplantation (pig-to-baboon or human transplantation) require multi-transgenic pigs with a homozygous knockout (KO) of the α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene (GGTA-1, encoding for Gal-epitopes) to control the hyperacute rejection response. To achieve prolonged survival of the porcine xenograft, transgenic expression of additional immune modulatory genes on the GGTA-1–/– background is considered the solution of choice. The acute vascular rejection (AVR) is primarily caused by endothelial cell activation and leads to rejection of GGTA-1–/– pig organs. Here, we set out to produce triple transgenic pigs with high expression of the human complement regulatory gene hCD55 (human decay acceleration factor, hDAF) and the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory gene human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1), respectively. Porcine ear fibroblasts carrying a hHO-1 transgene (Petersen et al. 2011 Xenotransplantation 18, 355–368) were transfected with zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) targeting the GGTA-1 gene, leading to a biallelic KO of the GGTA-1 gene in ~1% of the transfected cells (Hauschild et al. 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 15 010). Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was accomplished with cells from double transgenic cell line (hHO-1/GGTA-1–/–), and one pregnancy was terminated to obtain fetal cell cultures. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis revealed that all 11 fetuses (C6F1-F11) were lacking Gal-epitopes. One pure fetal cell culture (C6F5) was used for co-transfection with the newly designed SB-CAGGS-hDAF-Puror transposon, based on the Sleeping Beauty transposon plasmid pT2/HB, together with the SB transposase 100X plasmid (both kindly provided by Dr. Zoltan Ivics). After 14 days of selection with puromycin, cell colonies were picked and expanded to obtain cells for analysis and as a backup for SCNT. The PCR amplification with hDAF-specific primers revealed that ~50% of picked colonies had integrated the transgene. Two hDAF-positive colonies were pooled and used for SCNT. One pregnancy was sacrificed and 4 hHO-1/GGTA-1–/–/hCD55 fetuses were obtained for real-time PCR analysis and subsequent use in SCNT. Real-time PCR showed elevated hCD55 expression representing a 0.9-fold (0.7- to 1.0-fold) expression of the housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), while FACS analysis confirmed absence of Gal-epitopes in all 4 fetuses. Binding of human-specific anti-CD55 antibodies showed high expression of hCD55 by FACS measurement. Triple transgenic fetuses C8F2 and C8F4 showed higher expression of hCD55 by real-time PCR and by FACS analysis compared with fetuses C8F1 and C8F3. Fetuses C8F3 and C8F4 were used for re-cloning experiments to produce live offspring, which will further be characterised and used in transplantation experiments. This work underlines the importance of new genomic technologies to further improve the efficiency of the generation of transgenic pigs suitable for xenotransplantation.
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Li-Wan-Po A, Chen S, Petersen B, Wang Y. No need for rescue medication (NNR) as an easily interpretable efficacy outcome measure in analgesic trials: validation in an individual-patient meta-analysis of dental pain placebo-controlled trials of naproxen. J Clin Pharm Ther 2012; 38:36-40. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Pinior B, Konschake M, Platz U, Thiele HD, Petersen B, Conraths FJ, Selhorst T. The trade network in the dairy industry and its implication for the spread of contamination. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6351-61. [PMID: 22999280 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In case of an outbreak of a foodborne disease, administrative decisions in the context of crisis management are only efficient if they follow standard practices and are specifically adapted to the outbreak situation in a timely manner. These goals are hard to achieve. The complexity of national and global trade structures obscures a clear view of trade flows and, consequently, it is often impossible to unravel complex trade links quickly. Furthermore, increasing public concerns about possible health hazards caused by global trade put additional pressure on decision makers. The aim of this paper was to unveil the specific trade structures of the German milk supply chain, to highlight how these structures could affect the spatial spread of a hypothetical contaminant, and to quantify the risk of the contaminant reaching the consumer. To achieve this goal, the vertical and horizontal trade links between milk producers, dairies, and consumers were taken into account. The horizontal flow of milk between dairies (inter-dairy trade), which is intended to compensate a temporary over- or undersupply of milk, is of special importance in this respect. We hypothesized that the extent of inter-dairy trade would significantly influence the spatial spread of contaminated milk and the contamination risk. This hypothesis was tested using a computer simulation model that predicts the hypothetical spread of a contaminant via trade of milk. The model parameters were estimated using trade data collected in 2004 and 2010. The results of our study indicate that inter-dairy trade significantly influenced the contamination risk. Compared with a scenario with no inter-dairy trade, the risk that contaminated milk will reach the consumer was up to 4 times higher, even with moderate inter-dairy trade. The contamination risk depended on the extent of inter-dairy trade in a nonlinear way and reached its maximum asymptotically when inter-dairy trade increased. The contamination risk exhibited considerable spatial variation, which could be utilized to implement more accurate food control interventions in times of crisis caused by a foodborne disease.
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