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Adamson P, Anghel I, Aurisano A, Barr G, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Bogert D, Cao SV, Carroll TJ, Castromonte CM, Chen R, Childress S, Coelho JAB, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, de Jong JK, De Rijck S, Devan AV, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Flanagan W, Frohne MV, Gabrielyan M, Gallagher HR, Germani S, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Graf N, Gran R, Grzelak K, Habig A, Hahn SR, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Holin A, Huang J, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kordosky M, Kreymer A, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Lucas P, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Mayer N, McGivern C, Medeiros MM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Moed Sher S, Moore CD, Mualem L, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nowak JA, O'Connor J, Orchanian M, Pahlka RB, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Perch A, Pfützner MM, Phan DD, Phan-Budd S, Plunkett RK, Poonthottathil N, Qiu X, Radovic A, Rebel B, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sail P, Sanchez MC, Schneps J, Schreckenberger A, Schreiner P, Sharma R, Sousa A, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Tian X, Timmons A, Todd J, Tognini SC, Toner R, Torretta D, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Weber A, Webb RC, White C, Whitehead L, Whitehead LH, Wojcicki SG, Zwaska R. Search for Sterile Neutrinos Mixing with Muon Neutrinos in MINOS. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:151803. [PMID: 27768323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.151803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report results of a search for oscillations involving a light sterile neutrino over distances of 1.04 and 735 km in a ν_{μ}-dominated beam with a peak energy of 3 GeV. The data, from an exposure of 10.56×10^{20} protons on target, are analyzed using a phenomenological model with one sterile neutrino. We constrain the mixing parameters θ_{24} and Δm_{41}^{2} and set limits on parameters of the four-dimensional Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix, |U_{μ4}|^{2} and |U_{τ4}|^{2}, under the assumption that mixing between ν_{e} and ν_{s} is negligible (|U_{e4}|^{2}=0). No evidence for ν_{μ}→ν_{s} transitions is found and we set a world-leading limit on θ_{24} for values of Δm_{41}^{2}≲1 eV^{2}.
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Wolcott J, Aliaga L, Altinok O, Bercellie A, Betancourt M, Bodek A, Bravar A, Budd H, Cai T, Carneiro MF, Chvojka J, da Motta H, Devan J, Dytman SA, Díaz GA, Eberly B, Endress E, Felix J, Fields L, Fine R, Galindo R, Gallagher H, Golan T, Gran R, Harris DA, Higuera A, Hurtado K, Kiveni M, Kleykamp J, Kordosky M, Le T, Maher E, Manly S, Mann WA, Marshall CM, Martinez Caicedo DA, McFarland KS, McGivern CL, McGowan AM, Messerly B, Miller J, Mislivec A, Morfín JG, Mousseau J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Norrick A, Osta J, Paolone V, Park J, Patrick CE, Perdue GN, Rakotondravohitra L, Ramirez MA, Ray H, Ren L, Rimal D, Rodrigues PA, Ruterbories D, Schellman H, Schmitz DW, Solano Salinas CJ, Sánchez Falero S, Tagg N, Tice BG, Valencia E, Walton T, Wospakrik M, Zhang D. Evidence for Neutral-Current Diffractive π^{0} Production from Hydrogen in Neutrino Interactions on Hydrocarbon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:111801. [PMID: 27661679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The MINERvA experiment observes an excess of events containing electromagnetic showers relative to the expectation from Monte Carlo simulations in neutral-current neutrino interactions with mean beam energy of 4.5 GeV on a hydrocarbon target. The excess is characterized and found to be consistent with neutral-current π^{0} production with a broad energy distribution peaking at 7 GeV and a total cross section of 0.26±0.02(stat.)±0.08(sys.)×10^{-39} cm^{2}. The angular distribution, electromagnetic shower energy, and spatial distribution of the energy depositions of the excess are consistent with expectations from neutrino neutral-current diffractive π^{0} production from hydrogen in the hydrocarbon target. These data comprise the first direct experimental observation and constraint for a reaction that poses an important background process in neutrino-oscillation experiments searching for ν_{μ} to ν_{e} oscillations.
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Wang Z, Marshall CM, Aliaga L, Altinok O, Bellantoni L, Bercellie A, Betancourt M, Bodek A, Bravar A, Budd H, Cai T, Carneiro MF, da Motta H, Dytman SA, Díaz GA, Eberly B, Endress E, Felix J, Fields L, Fine R, Galindo R, Gallagher H, Ghosh A, Golan T, Gran R, Harris DA, Higuera A, Hurtado K, Kiveni M, Kleykamp J, Kordosky M, Le T, Maher E, Manly S, Mann WA, Martinez Caicedo DA, McFarland KS, McGivern CL, McGowan AM, Messerly B, Miller J, Mislivec A, Morfín JG, Mousseau J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Norrick A, Paolone V, Park J, Patrick CE, Perdue GN, Rakotondravohitra L, Ramirez MA, Ransome RD, Ray H, Ren L, Rimal D, Rodrigues PA, Ruterbories D, Schellman H, Schmitz DW, Simon C, Solano Salinas CJ, Tice BG, Valencia E, Walton T, Wolcott J, Wospakrik M, Zavala G, Zhang D. Evidence of Coherent K^{+} Meson Production in Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:061802. [PMID: 27541459 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.061802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrino-induced charged-current coherent kaon production ν_{μ}A→μ^{-}K^{+}A is a rare, inelastic electroweak process that brings a K^{+} on shell and leaves the target nucleus intact in its ground state. This process is significantly lower in rate than the neutrino-induced charged-current coherent pion production because of Cabibbo suppression and a kinematic suppression due to the larger kaon mass. We search for such events in the scintillator tracker of MINERvA by observing the final state K^{+}, μ^{-}, and no other detector activity, and by using the kinematics of the final state particles to reconstruct the small momentum transfer to the nucleus, which is a model-independent characteristic of coherent scattering. We find the first experimental evidence for the process at 3σ significance.
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Adamson P, Ader C, Andrews M, Anfimov N, Anghel I, Arms K, Arrieta-Diaz E, Aurisano A, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Baird M, Bambah BA, Bays K, Bernstein R, Betancourt M, Bhatnagar V, Bhuyan B, Bian J, Biery K, Blackburn T, Bocean V, Bogert D, Bolshakova A, Bowden M, Bower C, Broemmelsiek D, Bromberg C, Brunetti G, Bu X, Butkevich A, Capista D, Catano-Mur E, Chase TR, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Chowdhury B, Coan TE, Coelho JAB, Colo M, Cooper J, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, Cunningham A, Davies GS, Davies JP, Del Tutto M, Derwent PF, Deepthi KN, Demuth D, Desai S, Deuerling G, Devan A, Dey J, Dharmapalan R, Ding P, Dixon S, Djurcic Z, Dukes EC, Duyang H, Ehrlich R, Feldman GJ, Felt N, Fenyves EJ, Flumerfelt E, Foulkes S, Frank MJ, Freeman W, Gabrielyan M, Gallagher HR, Gebhard M, Ghosh T, Gilbert W, Giri A, Goadhouse S, Gomes RA, Goodenough L, Goodman MC, Grichine V, Grossman N, Group R, Grudzinski J, Guarino V, Guo B, Habig A, Handler T, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Hatzikoutelis A, Heller K, Howcroft C, Huang J, Huang X, Hylen J, Ishitsuka M, Jediny F, Jensen C, Jensen D, Johnson C, Jostlein H, Kafka GK, Kamyshkov Y, Kasahara SMS, Kasetti S, Kephart K, Koizumi G, Kotelnikov S, Kourbanis I, Krahn Z, Kravtsov V, Kreymer A, Kulenberg C, Kumar A, Kutnink T, Kwarciancy R, Kwong J, Lang K, Lee A, Lee WM, Lee K, Lein S, Liu J, Lokajicek M, Lozier J, Lu Q, Lucas P, Luchuk S, Lukens P, Lukhanin G, Magill S, Maan K, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Martens M, Martincik J, Mason P, Matera K, Mathis M, Matveev V, Mayer N, McCluskey E, Mehdiyev R, Merritt H, Messier MD, Meyer H, Miao T, Michael D, Mikheyev SP, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mohanta R, Moren A, Mualem L, Muether M, Mufson S, Musser J, Newman HB, Nelson JK, Niner E, Norman A, Nowak J, Oksuzian Y, Olshevskiy A, Oliver J, Olson T, Paley J, Pandey P, Para A, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Pearson N, Perevalov D, Pershey D, Peterson E, Petti R, Phan-Budd S, Piccoli L, Pla-Dalmau A, Plunkett RK, Poling R, Potukuchi B, Psihas F, Pushka D, Qiu X, Raddatz N, Radovic A, Rameika RA, Ray R, Rebel B, Rechenmacher R, Reed B, Reilly R, Rocco D, Rodkin D, Ruddick K, Rusack R, Ryabov V, Sachdev K, Sahijpal S, Sahoo H, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schlabach P, Schneps J, Schroeter R, Sepulveda-Quiroz J, Shanahan P, Sherwood B, Sheshukov A, Singh J, Singh V, Smith A, Smith D, Smolik J, Solomey N, Sotnikov A, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Stenkin Y, Strait M, Suter L, Talaga RL, Tamsett MC, Tariq S, Tas P, Tesarek RJ, Thayyullathil RB, Thomsen K, Tian X, Tognini SC, Toner R, Trevor J, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Valerio L, Vinton L, Vrba T, Waldron AV, Wang B, Wang Z, Weber A, Wehmann A, Whittington D, Wilcer N, Wildberger R, Wildman D, Williams K, Wojcicki SG, Wood K, Xiao M, Xin T, Yadav N, Yang S, Zadorozhnyy S, Zalesak J, Zamorano B, Zhao A, Zirnstein J, Zwaska R. First Measurement of Electron Neutrino Appearance in NOvA. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:151806. [PMID: 27127961 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.151806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report results from the first search for ν_{μ}→ν_{e} transitions by the NOvA experiment. In an exposure equivalent to 2.74×10^{20} protons on target in the upgraded NuMI beam at Fermilab, we observe 6 events in the Far Detector, compared to a background expectation of 0.99±0.11(syst) events based on the Near Detector measurement. A secondary analysis observes 11 events with a background of 1.07±0.14(syst). The 3.3σ excess of events observed in the primary analysis disfavors 0.1π<δ_{CP}<0.5π in the inverted mass hierarchy at the 90% C.L.
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Wolcott J, Aliaga L, Altinok O, Bellantoni L, Bercellie A, Betancourt M, Bodek A, Bravar A, Budd H, Cai T, Carneiro MF, Chvojka J, da Motta H, Devan J, Dytman SA, Díaz GA, Eberly B, Felix J, Fields L, Fine R, Gago AM, Galindo R, Gallagher H, Ghosh A, Golan T, Gran R, Harris DA, Higuera A, Kiveni M, Kleykamp J, Kordosky M, Le T, Maher E, Manly S, Mann WA, Marshall CM, Martinez Caicedo DA, McFarland KS, McGivern CL, McGowan AM, Messerly B, Miller J, Mislivec A, Morfín JG, Mousseau J, Muhlbeier T, Naples D, Nelson JK, Norrick A, Osta J, Paolone V, Park J, Patrick CE, Perdue GN, Rakotondravohitra L, Ransome RD, Ray H, Ren L, Rimal D, Rodrigues PA, Ruterbories D, Salazar G, Schellman H, Schmitz DW, Solano Salinas CJ, Tagg N, Tice BG, Valencia E, Walton T, Wospakrik M, Zavala G, Zegarra A, Zhang D, Ziemer BP. Measurement of Electron Neutrino Quasielastic and Quasielasticlike Scattering on Hydrocarbon at ⟨E_{ν}⟩=3.6 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:081802. [PMID: 26967410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The first direct measurement of electron neutrino quasielastic and quasielasticlike scattering on hydrocarbon in the few-GeV region of incident neutrino energy has been carried out using the MINERvA detector in the NuMI beam at Fermilab. The flux-integrated differential cross sections in the electron production angle, electron energy, and Q^{2} are presented. The ratio of the quasielastic, flux-integrated differential cross section in Q^{2} for ν_{e} with that of similarly selected ν_{μ}-induced events from the same exposure is used to probe assumptions that underpin conventional treatments of charged-current ν_{e} interactions used by long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. The data are found to be consistent with lepton universality and are well described by the predictions of the neutrino event generator GENIE.
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Rodrigues PA, Demgen J, Miltenberger E, Aliaga L, Altinok O, Bellantoni L, Bercellie A, Betancourt M, Bodek A, Bravar A, Budd H, Cai T, Carneiro MF, Chvojka J, Devan J, Dytman SA, Díaz GA, Eberly B, Elkins M, Felix J, Fields L, Fine R, Gago AM, Galindo R, Gallagher H, Ghosh A, Golan T, Gran R, Harris DA, Higuera A, Hurtado K, Kiveni M, Kleykamp J, Kordosky M, Le T, Leistico JR, Lovlein A, Maher E, Manly S, Mann WA, Marshall CM, Martinez Caicedo DA, McFarland KS, McGivern CL, McGowan AM, Messerly B, Miller J, Mislivec A, Morfín JG, Mousseau J, Muhlbeier T, Naples D, Nelson JK, Norrick A, Osta J, Paolone V, Patrick CE, Perdue GN, Ramirez MA, Ransome RD, Ray H, Ren L, Rimal D, Ruterbories D, Schellman H, Schmitz DW, Solano Salinas CJ, Tagg N, Tice BG, Valencia E, Walton T, Wolcott J, Wospakrik M, Zavala G, Zhang D. Identification of Nuclear Effects in Neutrino-Carbon Interactions at Low Three-Momentum Transfer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:071802. [PMID: 26943528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two different nuclear-medium effects are isolated using a low three-momentum transfer subsample of neutrino-carbon scattering data from the MINERvA neutrino experiment. The observed hadronic energy in charged-current ν_{μ} interactions is combined with muon kinematics to permit separation of the quasielastic and Δ(1232) resonance processes. First, we observe a small cross section at very low energy transfer that matches the expected screening effect of long-range nucleon correlations. Second, additions to the event rate in the kinematic region between the quasielastic and Δ resonance processes are needed to describe the data. The data in this kinematic region also have an enhanced population of multiproton final states. Contributions predicted for scattering from a nucleon pair have both properties; the model tested in this analysis is a significant improvement but does not fully describe the data. We present the results as a double-differential cross section to enable further investigation of nuclear models. Improved description of the effects of the nuclear environment are required by current and future neutrino oscillation experiments.
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Johnston S, Nguyen H, Felber E, Cappell K, Nelson JK, Chu BC, Kalsekar I, Proske O. Adhärenz gegenüber Therapie mit GLP-1 Rezeptoragonisten bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1549603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Johnston SS, Nguyen H, Cappell K, Nelson JK, Chu BC, Kalsekar I. Retrospective study comparing healthcare costs and utilization between commercially insured patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are newly initiating exenatide once weekly or liraglutide in the United States. J Med Econ 2015; 18:666-77. [PMID: 25867133 DOI: 10.3111/13696998.2015.1039539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare healthcare costs and utilization between commercially insured patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the United States newly initiating exenatide once weekly (QW) or liraglutide. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used US administrative claims data to study patients with T2DM initiating exenatide QW or liraglutide (initiated therapy = index therapy). Patients were included if they had T2DM, were glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) naïve, initiated exenatide QW or liraglutide from 1 February 2012 to 1 October 2012 (date of initiation = index), were ≥18 years at index, and had continuous enrollment for 12 months before (baseline) to 6 months after index (follow-up). Study outcomes were overall and diabetes-specific healthcare utilization and costs. Multivariable regressions compared the study outcomes between exenatide QW and liraglutide, adjusting for potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess liraglutide by dose (1.2 mg/1.8 mg). RESULTS The study sample included 9106 liraglutide (4188, 1.2 mg; 4918, 1.8 mg) patients and 2445 exenatide QW patients. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, compared with liraglutide patients, exenatide QW patients had statistically significantly lower odds of overall inpatient admissions (odds ratio [OR] = 0.80, p = 0.046) and diabetes-specific (OR = 0.83, p = 0.026) inpatient admissions, similar overall total costs ($7833 exenatide QW, $8296 liraglutide, p = 0.069) and diabetes-specific total costs ($3610 exenatide QW, $3736 liraglutide, p = 0.298), and statistically significantly lower overall medical costs ($3939 exenatide QW, $4652 liraglutide, p = 0.008) and diabetes-specific medical costs ($1161 exenatide QW, $1469 liraglutide, p = 0.007). Sensitivity analyses assessing liraglutide by dose were directionally consistent. Unadjusted exploratory analyses showed that exenatide QW patients obtained a greater median number of days supplied for their GLP-1RA during follow-up (141 days) than liraglutide patients (124 days). CONCLUSIONS In this 6 month follow-up study, patients receiving exenatide QW had similar total healthcare costs but lower odds of inpatient admission and lower medical costs compared with patients receiving liraglutide.
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Higuera A, Mislivec A, Aliaga L, Altinok O, Bercellie A, Betancourt M, Bodek A, Bravar A, Brooks WK, Budd H, Butkevich A, Carneiro MF, Castromonte CM, Christy ME, Chvojka J, da Motta H, Devan J, Dytman SA, Díaz GA, Eberly B, Felix J, Fields L, Fine R, Fiorentini GA, Gallagher H, Gomez A, Gran R, Harris DA, Hurtado K, Kleykamp J, Kordosky M, Le T, Maher E, Manly S, Mann WA, Marshall CM, Martinez Caicedo DA, McFarland KS, McGivern CL, McGowan AM, Messerly B, Miller J, Morfín JG, Mousseau J, Muhlbeier T, Naples D, Nelson JK, Norrick A, Osta J, Palomino JL, Paolone V, Park J, Patrick CE, Perdue GN, Ransome RD, Ray H, Ren L, Rodrigues PA, Ruterbories D, Schellman H, Schmitz DW, Snider FD, Solano Salinas CJ, Tagg N, Tice BG, Valencia E, Walton T, Wolcott J, Wospakrik M, Zavala G, Zhang D, Ziemer BP. Measurement of coherent production of π(±) in neutrino and antineutrino beams on carbon from Eν of 1.5 to 20 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:261802. [PMID: 25615308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.261802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrino-induced coherent charged pion production on nuclei νμA→μ(±)π(∓)A is a rare, inelastic interaction in which a small squared four-momentum |t| is transferred to the recoil nucleus, leaving it intact in the reaction. In the scintillator tracker of MINERvA, we remove events with evidence of particles from nuclear breakup and reconstruct |t| from the final-state pion and muon. We select low |t| events to isolate a sample rich in coherent candidates. By selecting low |t| events, we produce a model-independent measurement of the differential cross section for coherent scattering of neutrinos and antineutrinos on carbon. We find poor agreement with the predicted kinematics in neutrino generators used by current oscillation experiments.
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Tice BG, Datta M, Mousseau J, Aliaga L, Altinok O, Barrios Sazo MG, Betancourt M, Bodek A, Bravar A, Brooks WK, Budd H, Bustamante MJ, Butkevich A, Martinez Caicedo DA, Castromonte CM, Christy ME, Chvojka J, da Motta H, Devan J, Dytman SA, Díaz GA, Eberly B, Felix J, Fields L, Fiorentini GA, Gago AM, Gallagher H, Gran R, Harris DA, Higuera A, Hurtado K, Jerkins M, Kafka T, Kordosky M, Kulagin SA, Le T, Maggi G, Maher E, Manly S, Mann WA, Marshall CM, Martin Mari C, McFarland KS, McGivern CL, McGowan AM, Miller J, Mislivec A, Morfín JG, Muhlbeier T, Naples D, Nelson JK, Norrick A, Osta J, Palomino JL, Paolone V, Park J, Patrick CE, Perdue GN, Rakotondravohitra L, Ransome RD, Ray H, Ren L, Rodrigues PA, Savage DG, Schellman H, Schmitz DW, Simon C, Snider FD, Solano Salinas CJ, Tagg N, Valencia E, Velásquez JP, Walton T, Wolcott J, Zavala G, Zhang D, Ziemer BP. Measurement of ratios of νμ charged-current cross sections on C, Fe, and Pb to CH at neutrino energies 2-20 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:231801. [PMID: 24972195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.231801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of ν(μ) charged-current cross section ratios on carbon, iron, and lead relative to a scintillator (CH) using the fine-grained MINERvA detector exposed to the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. The measurements utilize events of energies 2<E(ν)<20 GeV, with ⟨E(ν)⟩ = 8 GeV, which have a reconstructed μ(-) scattering angle less than 17° to extract ratios of inclusive total cross sections as a function of neutrino energy E(ν) and flux-integrated differential cross sections with respect to the Bjorken scaling variable x. These results provide the first high-statistics direct measurements of nuclear effects in neutrino scattering using different targets in the same neutrino beam. Measured cross section ratios exhibit a relative depletion at low x and enhancement at large x. Both become more pronounced as the nucleon number of the target nucleus increases. The data are not reproduced by GENIE, a conventional neutrino-nucleus scattering simulation, or by the alternative models for the nuclear dependence of inelastic scattering that are considered.
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Adamson P, Anghel I, Aurisano A, Barr G, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Bogert D, Cao SV, Castromonte CM, Cherdack D, Childress S, Coelho JAB, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, de Jong JK, Devan AV, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Graf N, Gran R, Grzelak K, Habig A, Hahn SR, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Himmel A, Holin A, Huang J, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kordosky M, Kreymer A, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Lucas P, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Mayer N, McGivern C, Medeiros MM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Michael DG, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Moed Sher S, Moore CD, Mualem L, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nowak JA, O'Connor J, Orchanian M, Pahlka RB, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Perch A, Phan-Budd S, Plunkett RK, Poonthottathil N, Qiu X, Radovic A, Rebel B, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Schneps J, Schreckenberger A, Schreiner P, Sharma R, Sousa A, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Tian X, Timmons A, Tognini SC, Toner R, Torretta D, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Weber A, Webb RC, White C, Whitehead L, Whitehead LH, Wojcicki SG, Zwaska R. Combined analysis of νμ disappearance and νμ→νe appearance in MINOS using accelerator and atmospheric neutrinos. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:191801. [PMID: 24877929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new analysis of neutrino oscillations in MINOS using the complete set of accelerator and atmospheric data. The analysis combines the ν(μ) disappearance and ν(e) appearance data using the three-flavor formalism. We measure |Δm(32)(2)| = [2.28-2.46] × 10(-3) eV(2) (68% C.L.) and sin(2)θ(23) = 0.35-0.65 (90% C.L.) in the normal hierarchy, and |Δm(32)(2)| = [2.32-2.53] × 10(-3) eV(2) (68% C.L.) and sin(2)θ(23) = 0.34-0.67 (90% C.L.) in the inverted hierarchy. The data also constrain δ(CP), the θ(23} octant degeneracy and the mass hierarchy; we disfavor 36% (11%) of this three-parameter space at 68% (90%) C.L.
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Tanriover B, Mohan S, Cohen DJ, Radhakrishnan J, Nickolas TL, Stone PW, Tsapepas DS, Crew RJ, Dube GK, Sandoval PR, Samstein B, Dogan E, Gaston RS, Tanriover JN, Ratner LE, Hardy MA, Chvojka J, da Motta H, Devan J, Dytman SA, Díaz GA, Eberly B, Felix J, Fields L, Fiorentini GA, Gago AM, Gallagher H, Gran R, Harris DA, Higuera A, Hurtado K, Jerkins M, Kafka T, Kordosky M, Kulagin SA, Le T, Maggi G, Maher E, Manly S, Mann WA, Marshall CM, Martin Mari C, McFarland KS, McGivern CL, McGowan AM, Miller J, Mislivec A, Morfín JG, Muhlbeier T, Naples D, Nelson JK, Norrick A, Osta J, Palomino JL, Paolone V, Park J, Patrick CE, Perdue GN, Rakotondravohitra L, Ransome RD, Ray H, Ren L, Rodrigues PA, Savage DG, Schellman H, Schmitz DW, Simon C, Snider FD, Solano Salinas CJ, Tagg N, Valencia E, Velásquez JP, Walton T, Wolcott J, Zavala G, Zhang D, Ziemer BP. Kidneys at higher risk of discard: expanding the role of dual kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:404-15. [PMID: 24472195 PMCID: PMC4058786 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Half of the recovered expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidneys are discarded in the United States. A new kidney allocation system offers kidneys at higher risk of discard, Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI)>85%, to a wider geographic area to promote broader sharing and expedite utilization. Dual kidney transplantation (DKT) based on the KDPI is a potential option to streamline allocation of kidneys which otherwise would have been discarded. To assess the clinical utility of the KDPI in kidneys at higher risk of discard, we analyzed the OPTN/UNOS Registry that included the deceased donor kidneys recovered between 2002 and 2012. The primary outcomes were allograft survival, patient survival and discard rate based on different KDPI categories (<80%, 80-90% and >90%). Kidneys with KDPI>90% were associated with increased odds of discard (OR=1.99, 95% CI 1.74-2.29) compared to ones with KDPI<80%. DKTs of KDPI>90% were associated with lower overall allograft failure (HR=0.74, 95% CI 0.62-0.89) and better patient survival (HR=0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.98) compared to single ECD kidneys with KDPI>90%. Kidneys at higher risk of discard may be offered in the up-front allocation system as a DKT. Further modeling and simulation studies are required to determine a reasonable KDPI cutoff percentile.
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Fiorentini GA, Schmitz DW, Rodrigues PA, Aliaga L, Altinok O, Baldin B, Baumbaugh A, Bodek A, Boehnlein D, Boyd S, Bradford R, Brooks WK, Budd H, Butkevich A, Martinez Caicedo DA, Castromonte CM, Christy ME, Chung H, Chvojka J, Clark M, da Motta H, Damiani DS, Danko I, Datta M, Day M, DeMaat R, Devan J, Draeger E, Dytman SA, Díaz GA, Eberly B, Edmondson DA, Felix J, Fields L, Fitzpatrick T, Gago AM, Gallagher H, George CA, Gielata JA, Gingu C, Gobbi B, Gran R, Grossman N, Hanson J, Harris DA, Heaton J, Higuera A, Howley IJ, Hurtado K, Jerkins M, Kafka T, Kaisen J, Kanter MO, Keppel CE, Kilmer J, Kordosky M, Krajeski AH, Kulagin SA, Le T, Lee H, Leister AG, Locke G, Maggi G, Maher E, Manly S, Mann WA, Marshall CM, McFarland KS, McGivern CL, McGowan AM, Mislivec A, Morfín JG, Mousseau J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Ochoa N, O'Connor CD, Olsen J, Osmanov B, Osta J, Palomino JL, Paolone V, Park J, Patrick CE, Perdue GN, Peña C, Rakotondravohitra L, Ransome RD, Ray H, Ren L, Rude C, Sassin KE, Schellman H, Schneider RM, Schulte EC, Simon C, Snider FD, Snyder MC, Sobczyk JT, Solano Salinas CJ, Tagg N, Tan W, Tice BG, Tzanakos G, Velásquez JP, Walding J, Walton T, Wolcott J, Wolthuis BA, Woodward N, Zavala G, Zeng HB, Zhang D, Zhu LY, Ziemer BP. Measurement of muon neutrino quasielastic scattering on a hydrocarbon target at Eν ~ 3.5 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:022502. [PMID: 23889389 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.022502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a study of ν(μ) charged-current quasielastic events in the segmented scintillator inner tracker of the MINERvA experiment running in the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. The events were selected by requiring a μ- and low calorimetric recoil energy separated from the interaction vertex. We measure the flux-averaged differential cross section, dσ/dQ², and study the low energy particle content of the final state. Deviations are found between the measured dσ/dQ² and the expectations of a model of independent nucleons in a relativistic Fermi gas. We also observe an excess of energy near the vertex consistent with multiple protons in the final state.
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Fields L, Chvojka J, Aliaga L, Altinok O, Baldin B, Baumbaugh A, Bodek A, Boehnlein D, Boyd S, Bradford R, Brooks WK, Budd H, Butkevich A, Martinez Caicedo DA, Castromonte CM, Christy ME, Chung H, Clark M, da Motta H, Damiani DS, Danko I, Datta M, Day M, DeMaat R, Devan J, Draeger E, Dytman SA, Díaz GA, Eberly B, Edmondson DA, Felix J, Fitzpatrick T, Fiorentini GA, Gago AM, Gallagher H, George CA, Gielata JA, Gingu C, Gobbi B, Gran R, Grossman N, Hanson J, Harris DA, Heaton J, Higuera A, Howley IJ, Hurtado K, Jerkins M, Kafka T, Kaisen J, Kanter MO, Keppel CE, Kilmer J, Kordosky M, Krajeski AH, Kulagin SA, Le T, Lee H, Leister AG, Locke G, Maggi G, Maher E, Manly S, Mann WA, Marshall CM, McFarland KS, McGivern CL, McGowan AM, Mislivec A, Morfín JG, Mousseau J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Ochoa N, O'Connor CD, Olsen J, Osmanov B, Osta J, Palomino JL, Paolone V, Park J, Patrick CE, Perdue GN, Peña C, Rakotondravohitra L, Ransome RD, Ray H, Ren L, Rodrigues PA, Rude C, Sassin KE, Schellman H, Schmitz DW, Schneider RM, Schulte EC, Simon C, Snider FD, Snyder MC, Sobczyk JT, Solano Salinas CJ, Tagg N, Tan W, Tice BG, Tzanakos G, Velásquez JP, Walding J, Walton T, Wolcott J, Wolthuis BA, Woodward N, Zavala G, Zeng HB, Zhang D, Zhu LY, Ziemer BP. Measurement of muon antineutrino quasielastic scattering on a hydrocarbon target at Eν ~ 3.5 GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:022501. [PMID: 23889388 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.022501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated ν(μ) charged-current quasielastic (QE) interactions occurring in the segmented scintillator tracking region of the MINERvA detector running in the NuMI neutrino beam at Fermilab. We measure the flux-averaged differential cross section, dσ/dQ², and compare to several theoretical models of QE scattering. Good agreement is obtained with a model where the nucleon axial mass, M(A), is set to 0.99 GeV/c² but the nucleon vector form factors are modified to account for the observed enhancement, relative to the free nucleon case, of the cross section for the exchange of transversely polarized photons in electron-nucleus scattering. Our data at higher Q² favor this interpretation over an alternative in which the axial mass is increased.
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Adamson P, Anghel I, Backhouse C, Barr G, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Bogert D, Cao SV, Castromonte CM, Childress S, Coelho JAB, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, de Jong JK, Devan AV, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Graf N, Gran R, Grzelak K, Habig A, Hahn SR, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Himmel A, Holin A, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kordosky M, Kreymer A, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Lucas P, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Mathis M, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Medeiros MM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Michael DG, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Moed Sher S, Moore CD, Mualem L, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nowak JA, O'Connor J, Oliver WP, Orchanian M, Pahlka RB, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Phan-Budd S, Plunkett RK, Qiu X, Radovic A, Rebel B, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Schneps J, Schreckenberger A, Schreiner P, Sharma R, Sousa A, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Tinti G, Tognini SC, Toner R, Torretta D, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Weber A, Webb RC, White C, Whitehead L, Whitehead LH, Wojcicki SG, Zwaska R. Measurement of neutrino and antineutrino oscillations using beam and atmospheric data in MINOS. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:251801. [PMID: 23829728 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.251801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of oscillation parameters from ν(μ) and ν(μ) disappearance using beam and atmospheric data from MINOS. The data comprise exposures of 10.71×10(20) protons on target in the ν(μ)-dominated beam, 3.36×10(20) protons on target in the ν(μ)-enhanced beam, and 37.88 kton yr of atmospheric neutrinos. Assuming identical ν and ν oscillation parameters, we measure |Δm2| = (2.41(-0.10)(+0.09))×10(-3) eV2 and sin2(2θ) = 0.950(-0.036)(+0.035). Allowing independent ν and ν oscillations, we measure antineutrino parameters of |Δm2| = (2.50(-0.25)(+0.23))×10(-3) eV2 and sin2(2θ) = 0.97(-0.08)(+0.03), with minimal change to the neutrino parameters.
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Adamson P, Anghel I, Backhouse C, Barr G, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Bogert D, Cao SV, Cherdack D, Childress S, Coelho JAB, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, de Jong JK, Devan AV, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Graf N, Gran R, Grzelak K, Habig A, Hahn SR, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Himmel A, Holin A, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kordosky M, Kreymer A, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Lucas P, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Mathis M, Mayer N, Medeiros MM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Michael DG, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Moed Sher S, Moore CD, Mualem L, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nowak JA, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, O'Connor J, Oliver WP, Orchanian M, Pahlka RB, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Phan-Budd S, Plunkett RK, Qiu X, Radovic A, Rebel B, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Schneps J, Schreckenberger A, Schreiner P, Sharma R, Sousa A, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Tinti G, Toner R, Torretta D, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Weber A, Webb RC, White C, Whitehead L, Wojcicki SG, Yang T, Zwaska R. Electron neutrino and antineutrino appearance in the full MINOS data sample. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:171801. [PMID: 23679706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.171801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on ν(e) and ν(e) appearance in ν(μ) and ν(μ) beams using the full MINOS data sample. The comparison of these ν(e) and ν(e) appearance data at a 735 km baseline with θ13 measurements by reactor experiments probes δ, the θ23 octant degeneracy, and the mass hierarchy. This analysis is the first use of this technique and includes the first accelerator long-baseline search for ν(μ) → ν(e). Our data disfavor 31% (5%) of the three-parameter space defined by δ, the octant of the θ23, and the mass hierarchy at the 68% (90%) C.L. We measure a value of 2sin(2)(2θ13)sin(2)(θ23) that is consistent with reactor experiments.
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Adamson P, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Barr G, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Cao SV, Childress S, Coelho JAB, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, Danko IZ, de Jong JK, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Graf N, Gran R, Grzelak K, Habig A, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Himmel A, Holin A, Huang X, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Kreymer A, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Mathis M, Mayer N, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Michael DG, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mitchell J, Moore CD, Mualem L, Mufson S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nowak JA, Oliver WP, Orchanian M, Pahlka RB, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Phan-Budd S, Plunkett RK, Qiu X, Radovic A, Ratchford J, Rebel B, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Schneps J, Schreckenberger A, Schreiner P, Sharma R, Sousa A, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Tinti G, Toner R, Torretta D, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Walding JJ, Weber A, Webb RC, White C, Whitehead L, Wojcicki SG, Zwaska R. Improved measurement of muon antineutrino disappearance in MINOS. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:191801. [PMID: 23003026 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report an improved measurement of ν(μ) disappearance over a distance of 735 km using the MINOS detectors and the Fermilab Main Injector neutrino beam in a ν(μ)-enhanced configuration. From a total exposure of 2.95×10(20) protons on target, of which 42% have not been previously analyzed, we make the most precise measurement of Δm2=[2.62(-0.28)(+0.31)(stat)±0.09(syst)]×10(-3) eV2 and constrain the ν(μ) mixing angle sin2(2θ)>0.75 (90% C.L.). These values are in agreement with Δm2 and sin2(2θ) measured for ν(μ), removing the tension reported in [P. Adamson et al. (MINOS), Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 021801 (2011).].
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Carruthers SG, Ghosal A, McDevitt DG, Nelson JK, Shanks RG. The assessment of β-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in hyperthyroidism. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 1:93-8. [PMID: 22454894 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1974.tb00216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1 Intravenous propranolol and practolol both reduced resting supine heart rate in patients with hyperthyroidism. Propranolol produced a significantly greater reduction than practolol, which did not have a dose-dependent effect. 2 The effect of these drugs on resting heart rate was much less than their effect on the tachycardias produced both by severe exercise and by standing upright in hyperthyroid patients. Propranolol again produced a significantly greater reduction than practolol in each situation, but practolol did have a dose dependent effect on exercise heart rate. 3 The percentage reduction of standing tachycardia produced by the two drugs appeared to parallel closely the reduction in exercise tachycardia. 4 It is concluded that a simple and convenient way of assessing the activity of β-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in hyperthyroid patients would be to measure their effect on the tachycardia induced by standing. Their effect on resting heart rate should not be used. 5 Practolol may be useful in the management of hyperthyroidism in patients in whom propranolol and similar non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocking drugs are contraindicated.
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Adamson P, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Barr G, Betancourt M, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Cao SV, Cavanaugh S, Cherdack D, Childress S, Coelho JAB, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, Danko IZ, de Jong JK, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Graf N, Gran R, Grzelak K, Habig A, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Himmel A, Holin A, Huang X, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Kreymer A, Lang K, Lefeuvre G, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Mathis M, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Michael DG, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mitchell J, Moore CD, Mualem L, Mufson S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nowak JA, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Orchanian M, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Phan-Budd S, Plunkett RK, Qiu X, Ratchford J, Rebel B, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Schneps J, Schreckenberger A, Schreiner P, Shanahan P, Sharma R, Sousa A, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Toner R, Torretta D, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Walding JJ, Weber A, Webb RC, White C, Whitehead L, Wojcicki SG, Yang T, Zwaska R. Improved search for Muon-neutrino to electron-neutrino oscillations in MINOS. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:181802. [PMID: 22107623 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.181802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a search for ν(e) appearance in a ν(μ) beam in the MINOS long-baseline neutrino experiment. With an improved analysis and an increased exposure of 8.2 × 10(20) protons on the NuMI target at Fermilab, we find that 2 sin(2) (θ(23))sin(2)(2θ(13))<0.12(0.20) at 90% confidence level for δ = 0 and the normal (inverted) neutrino mass hierarchy, with a best-fit of 2sin(2) (θ(23))sin(2)(2θ(13)) = 0.041(-0.031)(+0.047) (0.079(-0.053) (+0.071)). The θ(13) = 0 hypothesis is disfavored by the MINOS data at the 89% confidence level.
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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Barr G, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Cavanaugh S, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Coelho JAB, Coleman SJ, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, Danko IZ, de Jong JK, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Graf N, Gran R, Grant N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Himmel A, Holin A, Howcroft C, Huang X, Hylen J, Ilic J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Kreymer A, Lang K, Lefeuvre G, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mitchell J, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Nowak JA, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Orchanian M, Ospanov R, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Petyt DA, Phan-Budd S, Plunkett RK, Qiu X, Ratchford J, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Shanahan P, Sousa A, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Tetteh-Lartey E, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Tinti G, Toner R, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Weber A, Webb RC, White C, Whitehead L, Wojcicki SG, Yang T, Zwaska R. First direct observation of muon antineutrino disappearance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:021801. [PMID: 21797594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.021801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports the first direct observation of muon antineutrino disappearance. The MINOS experiment has taken data with an accelerator beam optimized for ν(μ) production, accumulating an exposure of 1.71 × 10²⁰ protons on target. In the Far Detector, 97 charged current ν(μ) events are observed. The no-oscillation hypothesis predicts 156 events and is excluded at 6.3σ. The best fit to oscillation yields |Δm²| = [3.36(-0.40)(+0.46)(stat) ± 0.06(syst)] × 10⁻³ eV², sin²(2θ) = 0.86(-0.12)(+0.11)(stat) ± 0.01(syst). The MINOS ν(μ) and ν(μ) measurements are consistent at the 2.0% confidence level, assuming identical underlying oscillation parameters.
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Adamson P, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Barr G, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Cavanaugh S, Cherdack D, Childress S, Coelho JAB, Coleman SJ, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, Danko IZ, de Jong JK, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Graf N, Gran R, Grant N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Himmel A, Holin A, Huang X, Hylen J, Ilic J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Kreymer A, Lang K, Lefeuvre G, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mitchell J, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Nowak JA, Oliver WP, Orchanian M, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Petyt DA, Phan-Budd S, Pittam R, Plunkett RK, Qiu X, Ratchford J, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Sharma R, Shanahan P, Sousa A, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Tetteh-Lartey E, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Tinti G, Toner R, Torretta D, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Walding JJ, Weber A, Webb RC, White C, Whitehead L, Wojcicki SG, Zwaska R. Active to sterile neutrino mixing limits from neutral-current interactions in MINOS. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:011802. [PMID: 21797535 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.011802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Results are reported from a search for active to sterile neutrino oscillations in the MINOS long-baseline experiment, based on the observation of neutral-current neutrino interactions, from an exposure to the NuMI neutrino beam of 7.07×10(20) protons on target. A total of 802 neutral-current event candidates is observed in the Far Detector, compared to an expected number of 754 ± 28(stat) ± 37(syst) for oscillations among three active flavors. The fraction f(s) of disappearing ν(μ) that may transition to ν(s) is found to be less than 22% at the 90% C.L.
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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Armstrong R, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Barr G, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Cavanaugh S, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Coelho JAB, Coleman SJ, Corwin L, Cronin-Hennessy D, Danko IZ, de Jong JK, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Graf N, Gran R, Grant N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Himmel A, Holin A, Huang X, Hylen J, Ilic J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Kreymer A, Lang K, Lefeuvre G, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Michael DG, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mitchell J, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nowak JA, Oliver WP, Orchanian M, Ospanov R, Paley J, Patterson RB, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Petyt DA, Phan-Budd S, Plunkett RK, Qiu X, Ratchford J, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Sanchez MC, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Shanahan P, Smith C, Sousa A, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Tinti G, Toner R, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Weber A, Webb RC, White C, Whitehead L, Wojcicki SG, Yang T, Zwaska R. Measurement of the neutrino mass splitting and flavor mixing by MINOS. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:181801. [PMID: 21635083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.181801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of neutrino oscillations using the disappearance of muon neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI neutrino beam as observed by the two MINOS detectors are reported. New analysis methods have been applied to an enlarged data sample from an exposure of 7.25×10(20) protons on target. A fit to neutrino oscillations yields values of |Δm(2)|=(2.32(-0.08)(+0.12))×10(-3) eV(2) for the atmospheric mass splitting and sin(2)(2θ)>0.90 (90% C.L.) for the mixing angle. Pure neutrino decay and quantum decoherence hypotheses are excluded at 7 and 9 standard deviations, respectively.
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Adamson P, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Barr G, Barrett WL, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Bower C, Budd S, Cavanaugh S, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Coelho JAB, Cobb JH, Coleman SJ, Corwin L, Cravens JP, Cronin-Hennessy D, Danko IZ, de Jong JK, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gomes RA, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grant N, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Himmel A, Holin A, Huang X, Hylen J, Ilic J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Krahn Z, Kreymer A, Lang K, Lefeuvre G, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Michael DG, Miller JL, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mitchell J, Moore CD, Mualem L, Mufson S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Oliver WP, Orchanian M, Paley J, Patterson RB, Patzak T, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Pittam R, Plunkett RK, Ratchford J, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ryabov VA, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Semenov VK, Shanahan P, Smart W, Sousa A, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Tinti G, Toner R, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Weber A, Webb RC, White C, Whitehead L, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Yang T, Zois M, Zwaska R. Search for Lorentz invariance and CPT violation with the MINOS far detector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:151601. [PMID: 21230890 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.151601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We searched for a sidereal modulation in the MINOS far detector neutrino rate. Such a signal would be a consequence of Lorentz and CPT violation as described by the standard-model extension framework. It also would be the first detection of a perturbative effect to conventional neutrino mass oscillations. We found no evidence for this sidereal signature, and the upper limits placed on the magnitudes of the Lorentz and CPT violating coefficients describing the theory are an improvement by factors of 20-510 over the current best limits found by using the MINOS near detector.
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Adamson P, Andreopoulos C, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Auty DJ, Ayres DS, Backhouse C, Barnes PD, Barr G, Barrett WL, Becker BR, Belias A, Bernstein RH, Betancourt M, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Bower C, Cavanaugh S, Chapman JD, Cherdack D, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Coelho JAB, Coleman SJ, Cronin-Hennessy D, Culling AJ, Danko IZ, de Jong JK, Devenish NE, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Falk E, Feldman GJ, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Godley A, Goodman MC, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn EW, Grzelak K, Habig A, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hatcher R, Heller K, Himmel A, Holin A, Howcroft C, Huang X, Hylen J, Irwin GM, Isvan Z, Jaffe DE, James C, Jensen D, Kafka T, Kasahara SMS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Krahn Z, Kreymer A, Lang K, Ling J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Loiacono L, Lucas P, Ma J, Mann WA, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McGowan AM, Mehdiyev R, Meier JR, Messier MD, Metelko CJ, Michael DG, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mitchell J, Moore CD, Morfín J, Mualem L, Mufson S, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver WP, Ospanov R, Paley J, Para A, Patterson RB, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pawloski G, Pearce GF, Petyt DA, Pittam R, Plunkett RK, Rahaman A, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Rodrigues PA, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ryabov VA, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schreiner P, Shanahan P, Smart W, Smith C, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Strait M, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Thomas J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Toner R, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Viren B, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, West N, White C, Whitehead L, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Yang T, Zhang K, Zheng H, Zois M, Zwaska R. Search for muon-neutrino to electron-neutrino transitions in MINOS. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:261802. [PMID: 20366304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.261802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports on a search for nu(mu) --> nu(e) transitions by the MINOS experiment based on a 3.14x10(20) protons-on-target exposure in the Fermilab NuMI beam. We observe 35 events in the Far Detector with a background of 27+/-5(stat)+/-2(syst) events predicted by the measurements in the Near Detector. If interpreted in terms of nu(mu) --> nu(e) oscillations, this 1.5sigma excess of events is consistent with sin2(2theta(13)) comparable to the CHOOZ limit when |Delta m2|=2.43x10(-3) eV2 and sin2(2theta(23))=1.0 are assumed.
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Polk TA, Lacey HP, Nelson JK, Demiralp E, Newman LI, Krauss DA, Raheja A, Farah MJ. The development of abstract letter representations for reading: evidence for the role of context. Cogn Neuropsychol 2009; 26:70-90. [PMID: 19340615 DOI: 10.1080/02643290802618757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We review evidence that in the course of reading, the visual system computes abstract letter identities (ALIs): a representation of letters that encodes their identity but that abstracts away from their visual appearance. How could the visual system learn such a seemingly nonvisual representation? We propose that different forms of the same letter tend to appear in similar distributions of contexts (in the same words written in different ways) and that this environmental correlation interacts with correlation-based learning mechanisms in the brain to lead to the formation of ALIs. We review a neural network model that demonstrates the feasibility of this common contexts hypothesis and present two experiments confirming some novel predictions: (a) repeatedly presenting arbitrary visual stimuli in common contexts leads those stimuli to be confusable with each other, and (b) different forms of the same letter are more confusable with each other in word-like contexts than in nonword-like contexts. We then extend the model to use real pictures of letters as input and simulate some of the novel empirical findings from the experiments.
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