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Moncrief I, Garzon C, Marek S, Stack J, Gamliel A, Garrido P, Proaño F, Gard M, Dehne H, Fletcher J. Development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for discrimination among isolates of Fusarium proliferatum. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 126:12-7. [PMID: 27021663 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The plant pathogen Fusarium proliferatum has a wide host range and occurs worldwide. Many isolates of the fungus produce mycotoxins in plant tissues, which, if ingested, can cause harm to animals and humans. In 2008, an outbreak of salmon blotch of onions, caused by F. proliferatum, was detected in southern Israel. The source and distribution of the fungus in Israel were unknown. Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) were used to identify repetitive motifs present in seven isolates of F. proliferatum from Israel, Germany and Austria. ISSR repeat motifs were, used to develop 17 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Six of these SSR markers were polymorphic in and consistently amplified from ten isolates collected in Israel, Germany, Austria and North America, from cucumber, onion, garlic, maize, and asparagus. These six polymorphic SSR alleles included 5 to 12 copies of di-, tri, and pentanucleotide motifs and yielded six to 9 alleles each. Sixteen of the SSR loci were amplified at least one of the seven Fusarium species, F. verticillioides, F. thapsinum, F. subglutinans, F. andiyazi, F. globosum, F. fujikoroi and F. oxysporum. The data demonstrate that these SSRs can be used for characterization of F. proliferatum isolates from diverse hosts and geographic locations and that they are transferable to other species of Fusarium.
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Nolan JM, Loskutova E, Howard AN, Moran R, Mulcahy R, Stack J, Bolger M, Dennison J, Akuffo KO, Owens N, Thurnham DI, Beatty S. Macular pigment, visual function, and macular disease among subjects with Alzheimer's disease: an exploratory study. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 42:1191-202. [PMID: 25024317 DOI: 10.3233/jad-140507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The macula (central retina) contains a yellow pigment, comprising the dietary carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin, known as macular pigment (MP). The concentrations of MP's constituent carotenoids in retina and brain tissue correlate, and there is a biologically-plausible rationale, supported by emerging evidence, that MP's constituent carotenoids are also important for cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To investigate if patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are comparable to controls in terms of MP and visual function. METHODS 36 patients with moderate AD and 33 controls with the same age range participated. MP was measured using dual-wavelength autofluorescence (Heidelberg Spectralis®); cognitive function was assessed using a battery of cognition tests (including Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery). Visual function was recorded by measuring best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and contrast sensitivity (CS). Serum L and Z concentrations (by HPLC) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD, by retinal examination) status were also assessed. RESULTS In the AD group, central MP (i.e., at 0.23°) and MP volume were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.001 for both), as were measures of BCVA, CS, and serum L and Z concentrations (p < 0.05, for all). CONCLUSION AD patients were observed to exhibit significantly less MP, lower serum concentrations of L and Z, poorer vision, and a higher occurrence of AMD when compared to control subjects. A clinical trial in AD patients designed to investigate the impact of macular carotenoid supplementation with respect to MP, visual function, and cognitive function is merited.
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Akuffo KO, Nolan J, Stack J, Moran R, Feeney J, Kenny RA, Peto T, Dooley C, O'Halloran AM, Cronin H, Beatty S. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the Republic of Ireland. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 99:1037-44. [PMID: 25712825 PMCID: PMC4518752 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains the most common cause of visual loss among subjects over 50 years of age in the developed world. The Irish Longitudinal study on Ageing (TILDA) is a population-based study of subjects aged 50 years or older, designed to investigate factors that influence ageing, and has enabled this investigation of the prevalence of AMD in the Republic of Ireland (ROI). Methods Data collected from a nationally representative sample of community-living older adults aged 50 years and over in ROI over the period November 2009 to July 2011. 5035 participants attended the TILDA health centre for assessment. Retinal photographs were obtained in 4859 of these participants. Retinal grading was performed in a masked fashion using a modified version of the International Classification and Grading System for AMD. Results Adjusting for lower response rates among older subjects, the estimated overall prevalence of any AMD was 7.2% (95% CI 6.5% to 7.9%) in the population aged 50 years or older. The estimated prevalence of early AMD was 6.6% (95% CI 5.9% to 7.3%), and the estimated prevalence of late AMD was 0.6% (95% CI 0.4% to 0.8%). Statistically significant associations with AMD included increasing age and family history of the condition. Conclusions This is the first study to provide prevalence estimates of AMD in ROI and will inform eye care professionals and policymakers involved in the delivery and planning of care for those afflicted with this condition.
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Nolan JM, Loskutova E, Howard A, Mulcahy R, Moran R, Stack J, Bolger M, Coen RF, Dennison J, Akuffo KO, Owens N, Power R, Thurnham D, Beatty S. The Impact of Supplemental Macular Carotenoids in Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 44:1157-69. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-142265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Akuffo KO, Beatty S, Stack J, Dennison J, O’Regan S, Meagher KA, Peto T, Nolan J. Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trials (CREST): design and methodology of the CREST randomized controlled trials. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2014; 21:111-23. [PMID: 24621122 PMCID: PMC4002658 DOI: 10.3109/09286586.2014.888085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trials (CREST) aim to investigate the potential impact of macular pigment (MP) enrichment, following supplementation with a formulation containing 10 mg lutein (L), 2 mg zeaxanthin (Z) and 10 mg meso-zeaxanthin (MZ), on visual function in normal subjects (Trial 1) and in subjects with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD; Trial 2). METHODS CREST is a single center, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Trial 1 (12-month follow-up) subjects are randomly assigned to a formulation containing 10 mg L, 10 mg MZ and 2 mg Z (n = 60) or placebo (n = 60). Trial 2 (24-month follow-up) subjects are randomly assigned to a formulation containing 10 mg L, 10 mg MZ, 2 mg Z plus 500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 25 mg zinc and 2 mg copper (Intervention A; n = 75) or 10 mg L and 2 mg Z plus 500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 25 mg zinc and 2 mg copper (Intervention B; n = 75). Contrast sensitivity (CS) at 6 cycles per degree represents the primary outcome measure in each trial. Secondary outcomes include: CS at other spatial frequencies, MP, best-corrected visual acuity, glare disability, photostress recovery, light scatter, cognitive function, foveal architecture, serum carotenoid concentrations, and subjective visual function. For Trial 2, AMD morphology, reading speed and reading acuity are also being recorded. CONCLUSIONS CREST is the first study to investigate the impact of supplementation with all three macular carotenoids in the context of a large, double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
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Stack J, Hegarty K, Murphy G, O’Sullivan M, Fanning L, Healy L, Daly M, Harney S, Shanahan F, Molloy M. THU0014 Association between a polymorphism in the fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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McGiven J, Taylor A, Duncombe L, Sayers R, Albert D, Banai M, Blasco JM, Elena S, Fretin D, Garin-Bastuji B, Melzer F, Muñoz PM, Nielsen K, Nicola A, Scacchia M, Tittarelli M, Dias IT, Walravens K, Stack J. The first International Standard anti-Brucella melitensis Serum. REV SCI TECH OIE 2011; 30:809-819. [PMID: 22435193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) requested an International Standard anti-Brucella melitensis Serum (ISaBmS) to standardise diagnostic tests and reagents for sheep and goats. The agreed criteria were the highest dilution (in negative serum) of the standard which must give a positive result and the lowest dilution (in negative serum) which must simultaneously give a negative result. The two dilutions for each assay were, respectively: indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) 1/64 and 1/750, competitive ELISA (cELISA) 1/8 and 1/300, fluorescent polarisation assay (FPA) 1/16 and 1/200, Rose Bengal test (RBT) 1/16 and 1/200. The OIE International Standard Serum (OIEISS) will remain the primary standard for the RBT; the ISaBmS is an additional standard. It was impossible to set criteria for the complement fixation test, therefore the OIEISS will remain the primary standard. The ISaBmS can be used to standardise iELISA, cELISA and FPA to diagnose sheep and goat brucellosis. This standard should facilitate harmonisation of tests used for brucellosis surveillance and international trade in these species.
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Ward D, Jackson R, Karomatullo H, Khakimov T, Kurbonov K, Amirbekov M, Stack J, El-Idrissi A, Heuer C. Brucellosis control in Tajikistan using Rev 1 vaccine: change in seroprevalence in small ruminants from 2004 to 2009. Vet Rec 2011; 170:100. [PMID: 22121155 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional serological surveys of 13,006 small ruminants were conducted in 2003 to establish baseline levels of seropositivity to brucellosis and of 12,102 again in 2009 to evaluate the efficacy of controls based on biannual conjunctival vaccination with Rev 1. Seroprevalence dropped by 80 per cent in five years in eight pilot programme districts where vaccination was generally well implemented, and the prevalence of households with evidence of infection in their animals dropped from 25.1 to 7.5 per cent. Seroprevalence was reduced by 40 per cent in 10 districts where vaccination was intermittent with low coverage during some seasons. There were no changes in 19 districts where no vaccinations were carried out. Sheep vaccinated one or more times were found to be 2.5 times more likely to be serotest positive than were non-vaccinated sheep, whereas vaccinated goats were 6.4 times more likely to be serotest positive than non-vaccinated goats.
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Charalampidou S, Nolan J, Loughman J, Stack J, Higgins G, Cassidy L, Beatty S. Psychophysical impact and optical and morphological characteristics of symptomatic non-advanced cataract. Eye (Lond) 2011; 25:1147-54. [PMID: 21660066 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2011.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether psychophysical, morphological, and/or optical characteristics of symptomatic non-advanced cataract are complementary to, or more appropriate than, visual acuity (VA) for the purposes of recording visual data that reflect subjective visual difficulty in patients with cataract that exhibit relative sparing of high contrast acuity (0.4 logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) scale or better). METHODS Eighty-two patients with symptomatic non-advanced cataract and no other ocular pathology were asked to complete a validated questionnaire, and to perform a series of visual function assessments including: corrected distance VA (CDVA); photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity; photopic and mesopic glare disability (GD); reading acuity and reading speed; stereoacuity; and retinal sensitivity. Optical and morphological characteristics of the cataract were evaluated by lens optical density and by the Lens Opacities Classification System III, respectively. Correlations between questionnaire score and each of these measures were calculated. RESULTS Statistically significant negative correlations were observed between the Rasch-scaled questionnaire score and mesopic GD (at 3 and 6 cycles per degree (cpd); r=-0.396 (P<0.01) and -0.451 (P<0.05), respectively) and between the Rasch-scaled questionnaire score and photopic GD (at 3 and 6 cpd; r=-0.328 (P<0.01) and -0.440 (P<0.01), respectively). CONCLUSION Symptomatic non-advanced cataract, in the presence of good CDVA, is associated with measurable subjective visual difficulty, best reflected in a decrease in mesopic and photopic GD (at medium spatial frequencies). CDVA does not reflect the patient's visual dissatisfaction in such cases.
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Charalampidou S, Loughman J, Nolan J, Stack J, Cassidy L, Pesudovs K, Beatty S. Prognostic indicators and outcome measures for surgical removal of symptomatic nonadvanced cataract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 129:1155-61. [PMID: 21555598 DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report changes in perceived visual functioning after surgery for symptomatic cataract with preoperative corrected distance visual acuity [CDVA] of 0.4 logMAR or better (Snellen equivalent, 20/50) and to investigate the relationship between any observed changes and preoperative physical characteristics and psychophysical consequences of the lens opacity and any changes in psychophysical findings after the procedure. METHODS Eighty-five patients with cataract completed a validated questionnaire concerning functional vision satisfaction and a series of visual performance assessments before and 2 months after cataract surgery. The lens optical density and Lens Opacities Classification System III score of the cataract were recorded. Correlations between changes in the Rasch-analyzed questionnaire score and changes in visual performance after cataract surgery, as well as preoperative psychophysical measures, lens optical density, and Lens Opacities Classification System III score, were determined. RESULTS The mean (SD) questionnaire score improved from 2.15 (0.36) to 1.54 (0.41) (P < .001). The preoperative questionnaire score (r = -0.44), preoperative mesopic glare disability [GD] (at 1.5 cycles per degree [cpd] [r = 0.34] and 3.0 cpd [r = 0.27]), and preoperative photopic GD (at 1.5 cpd [r = 0.24] and 3.0 cpd [r = 0.30]) showed statistically significant correlations with perceived improvements in visual functioning after surgery (P < .05). Changes in perceived visual functioning correlated significantly with changes in mesopic GD (at 1.5 cpd [r = -0.43] and 3.0 cpd [r = -0.28]; P < .05) and photopic GD (at 1.5 cpd [r = -0.24] and 3.0 cpd [r = -0.39]; P < .05). Neither preoperative CDVA nor change in CDVA after surgery correlated significantly with perceived improvement in visual functioning after the procedure (P > .05 for both). CONCLUSION Psychophysical tests alternative to CDVA better represent improvements in self-reported visual functioning following removal of symptomatic nonadvanced cataract.
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Nolan JM, Loughman J, Akkali MC, Stack J, Scanlon G, Davison P, Beatty S. The impact of macular pigment augmentation on visual performance in normal subjects: COMPASS. Vision Res 2011; 51:459-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Molloy A, Kinsella K, Turbridy N, Hutchinson M, Duggan M, De Gascun CF, Lonergan R, Stack J, Hall W. POI09 Trends in BK and JC polyomavirus and relationship to CD4+/CD8+ ratio in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis on natalizumab therapy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Murphy G, Daly M, O'Sullivan M, Stack J, Rowczenio D, Lachmann H, Shanahan F, Harney S, Hawkins P, Molloy M. An unusual phenotype in Muckle-Wells syndrome associated with NLRP3 E311K. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 50:419-20. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Charalampidou S, Cassidy L, Ng E, Loughman J, Nolan J, Stack J, Beatty S. Effect on refractive outcomes after cataract surgery of intraocular lens constant personalization using the Haigis formula. J Cataract Refract Surg 2010; 36:1081-9. [PMID: 20610083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2009.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the effect on refractive outcomes after cataract surgery of personalization of Haigis intraocular lens (IOL) constants for a given surgeon-IOL combination. SETTING Institute of Eye Surgery and Institute of Vision Research, Whitfield Clinic, Butlerstown North, Waterford, Ireland. METHODS Personalization of Haigis IOL constants was performed using a series of 248 suitable eyes after biometry by partial coherence interferometry (IOLMaster) and IOL prediction based on optimized IOL constants derived from pooled data from the User Group for Laser Interference Biometry web site. A mean error of prediction and a mean absolute error were then calculated using the personalized IOL constants and compared with those derived using optimized IOL constants, allowing evaluation and quantification of the maximum realizable refractive benefits (if any) of personalization. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between personalized and optimized Haigis IOL constants in absolute error or the proportion of eyes within +/-1.00 diopters (D), +/-0.50 D, or +/-0.25 D of the target postoperative refraction in all eyes, short eyes (axial length [AL] <22 mm; n = 19), average eyes (AL > or =22 mm and <24.5 mm; n = 149), or long eyes (AL >24.5 mm; n = 46) (all P>.05, McNemar test). Ten eyes with a short AL had a smaller absolute error (by > or =0.30 D) in association with personalized IOL constants. CONCLUSION Personalized Haigis IOL constants showed marginal, but statistically nonsignificant, refractive advantages over optimized Haigis IOL constants, but only in eyes with a short AL. FINANCIAL DISCLAIMER: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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Kirby ML, Beatty S, Loane E, Akkali MC, Connolly EE, Stack J, Nolan JM. A central dip in the macular pigment spatial profile is associated with age and smoking. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:6722-8. [PMID: 20592234 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between specific macular pigment (MP) spatial profiles and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS The MP spatial profile of 484 healthy subjects was measured with customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (cHFP) and categorized into one of two profile types: typical exponential or atypical "central dip." Data on risk factors for AMD were obtained with a general health and lifestyle questionnaire. Dietary and serum concentrations of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) were also assessed. RESULTS The presence of the central dip MP spatial profile was significantly more common in older subjects (the mean ± SD age of subjects with a central dip MP spatial profile was 46.9 ± 12 years, whereas the mean age of subjects with a typical MP spatial profile was 41.8 ± 12 years; P = 0.004) and in current cigarette smokers (P = 0.031). Also, there was a significant age-related decline in central MP optical density (MPOD; 0.25° retinal eccentricity), but in the men only (r = -0.146, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS A central dip in the MP spatial profile, seen in older subjects and in cigarette smokers, may represent an undesirable feature of macular pigmentation. Further research is needed in this area.
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Connolly EE, Beatty S, Thurnham DI, Loughman J, Howard AN, Stack J, Nolan JM. Augmentation of macular pigment following supplementation with all three macular carotenoids: an exploratory study. Curr Eye Res 2010; 35:335-51. [PMID: 20373901 DOI: 10.3109/02713680903521951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE At the macula, the carotenoids meso-zeaxanthin (MZ), lutein (L), and zeaxanthin (Z) are collectively referred to as macular pigment (MP). This study was designed to measure serum and macular responses to a macular carotenoid formulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten subjects were recruited into this study (five normal and five with early age-related macular degeneration [AMD]). Subjects were instructed to consume a formulation containing 7.3 mg of MZ, 3.7 mg of L, and 0.8 mg of Z everyday over an eight-week period. The spatial profile of MP optical density (i.e., MPOD at 0.25 degrees , 0.5 degrees , 1 degrees , and 1.75 degrees ) was measured using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry, and a blood sample was collected at each study visit in order to analyze serum concentrations of MZ, L, and Z. RESULTS There was a significant increase in serum concentrations of MZ and L after two weeks of supplementation (p < 0.05). Baseline serum carotenoid analysis detected a small peak eluting at the same time as MZ in all subjects, with a mean +/- SD of 0.02 +/- 0.01 micromol/L. We report significant increases in MPOD at 0.25 degrees , 0.5 degrees , 1 degree , and average MPOD across its spatial profile after just two weeks of supplementation (p < 0.05, for all). Four subjects (one normal and three AMD) who had an atypical MPOD spatial profile (i.e., central dip) at baseline had the more typical MPOD spatial profile (i.e., highest MPOD at the center) after eight weeks of supplementation. CONCLUSION We report significant increases in serum concentrations of MZ and L following supplementation with MZ, L, and Z and a significant increase in MPOD, including its spatial profile, after two weeks of supplementation. Also, this study has detected the possible presence of MZ in human serum pre-supplementation and the ability of the study carotenoid formulation to rebuild central MPOD in subjects who have atypical profiles at baseline.
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Neff K, Stack J, Harney S, Henry M. The use of abatacept in debilitating cavitating lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis, bronchocentric granulomatosis and aspergillosis. Thorax 2010; 65:545-6. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2009.128710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Stack J, McLaughlin P, Sinnot C, Henry M, MacEneaney P, Eltahir A, Harney S. Successful control of scleroderma myocarditis using a combination of cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone. Scand J Rheumatol 2010; 39:349-50. [DOI: 10.3109/03009740903493741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nolan JM, O'Reilly P, Loughman J, Stack J, Loane E, Connolly E, Beatty S. Augmentation of macular pigment following implantation of blue light-filtering intraocular lenses at the time of cataract surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:4777-85. [PMID: 19628740 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE (Photo)-oxidative stress is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with the threshold for retinal damage being lowest for short-wavelength (blue) light. Macular pigment (MP), consisting of the carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-Z, has a maximum absorption at 460 nm and protects the retina from (photo)-oxidative injury. This study was designed to investigate whether the blue light-filtering properties of the Alcon AcrySof Natural intraocular lens (ANIOL) implanted during cataract surgery affects MP optical density (MPOD). METHODS Forty-two patients scheduled for cataract surgery were recruited for the study. These patients all had a preoperative best corrected visual acuity rating (BCVAR) of at least 0.5 (logMAR) in the study eye. The patients were randomized to have either the standard Alcon AcrySof three-piece acrylic intraocular lens (AIOL) (controls) or the ANIOL implanted at the time of cataract surgery. The spatial profile of MPOD (i.e., at 0.25 degrees, 0.5 degrees, 1.0 degrees, and 1.75 degrees eccentricity) was measured with customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (cHFP) 1 week before and 1 week after surgery, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Serum concentrations of L and Z were also measured at each study visit. RESULTS There was a highly significant and positive correlation between all MPODs (e.g., at 0.25 degrees) recorded 1 week before and after surgery in eyes with an AIOL implant (r = 0.915, P < 0.01; paired samples t-test, P = 0.631) and in those ANIOL implants (r = 0.868, P < 0.01; paired samples t-test, P = 0.719). Average MPOD across the retina increased significantly with time (after 3 months) in the ANIOL group (repeated-measures, general linear model, P < 0.05), but remained stable in the AIOL group (repeated-measures, general linear model, P > 0.05). There were no significant time or lens effects observed for serum L over the study period (P > 0.05). There was a significant time effect for serum Z over the study period (P < 0.05), but not a significant time/lens interaction (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Customized HFP can reliably measure the MPOD spatial profile in the presence of lens opacity, and cataract surgery does not artifactually alter MPOD readings. This study also provides evidence that implanting an IOL that filters blue light is associated with augmentation of MPOD in the absence of raised serum concentrations of L and Z. However, further and longitudinal study is needed to assess whether the observed increase in MPOD after implantation of blue-filtering IOLs is associated with reduced risk of AMD development and/or progression.
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Loane E, Stack J, Beatty S, Nolan JM. Measurement of Macular Pigment Optical Density Using Two Different Heterochromatic Flicker Photometers. Curr Eye Res 2009; 32:555-64. [PMID: 17612971 DOI: 10.1080/02713680701418405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare macular pigment optical density using two different heterochromatic flicker photometers. METHODS We measured macular pigment optical density in 121 healthy subjects using heterochromatic flicker photometry. RESULTS The mean (+/-SD) macular pigment optical density measured using the Maculometer was 0.394 (+/-0.170), and that using the Densitometer was 0.395 (+/-0.189). The difference in measurements on each instrument was influenced by age and macular pigment levels. CONCLUSIONS On average, there is no difference in measurements provided by these two instruments. The Maculometer tends to underestimate macular pigment in older subjects and/or those with higher macular pigment compared with the Densitometer.
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Nolan JM, Stack J, Mellerio J, Godhinio M, O'Donovan O, Neelam K, Beatty S. Monthly Consistency of Macular Pigment Optical Density and Serum Concentrations of Lutein and Zeaxanthin. Curr Eye Res 2009; 31:199-213. [PMID: 16500771 DOI: 10.1080/02713680500514677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to assess serial month-to-month consistency of macular pigment (MP) optical density and serum concentrations of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z). Four healthy subjects aged between 23 and 51 years volunteered to participate in this study. METHODS MP optical density (measured psychophysically using heterochromatic flicker photometry [HFP]), and serum concentrations of L and Z (quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]), were recorded every month for 24 consecutive months. RESULTS Mean MP optical density (+/-SD) was 0.361 (0.086) and 0.369 (0.074) for right and left eyes, respectively. There was no statistically significant seasonal variation in MP optical density for the group (two-way ANOVA: p>0.05). Serum concentrations of L and Z demonstrated a statistically significant subject-season interaction effect (two-way ANOVA: p<0.01). Serial serum concentrations of L and Z were positively correlated within all four subjects (r=0.370 to 0.786), and significantly so for three subjects (p<0.05). There was no obvious relationship, synchronous or lagged, between serum concentrations of L (or Z) and MP optical density (r=-0.036 to 0.368). CONCLUSIONS MP optical density was relatively stable for all subjects over the 24-month period. Fluctuations in serum concentrations of L and Z, in the absence of dietary modification or supplementation, are associated with stable MP optical density.
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Cadmus SIB, Adesokan HK, Stack J. The use of the milk ring test and rose bengal test in brucellosis control and eradication in Nigeria. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2009; 79:113-5. [PMID: 19244818 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v79i3.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, milk and blood samples collected simultaneously from 532 trade cows to be slaughtered at Bodija abattoir, Ibadan (southwestern, Nigeria) were examined for antibodies to Brucella using the milk ring test (MRT) and the rose bengal test (RBT). Overall, 18.61% of the milk samples were positive according to the MRT, while 9.77% of the serum samples were positive according to the RBT. The difference was highly significant (Chi-square value 16.33; P < 0.05); only 32 (6.02%) of the samples were positive for both tests. The Red Bororo breed of cattle and the White Fulani had the highest positive rates, namely 20.93% and 11.69% for the MRT and RBT respectively. No conclusion can be drawn about sensitivity because we do not know the true status of the animals tested. It is, however, obvious that although the MRT and RBT are 1st-line screening tests for brucellosis in cows in some countries, their lack of specificity is of concern. Therefore, the requirement for other confirmatory tests that are more specific should be considered for control and eradication of the disease, especially in Nigeria.
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Groarke JD, Gallagher J, Stack J, Aftab A, Dwyer C, McGovern R, Courtney G. Use of an admission early warning score to predict patient morbidity and mortality and treatment success. Emerg Med J 2008; 25:803-6. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2007.051425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kirby ML, Galea M, Loane E, Stack J, Beatty S, Nolan JM. Foveal anatomic associations with the secondary peak and the slope of the macular pigment spatial profile. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 50:1383-91. [PMID: 18936143 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the reproducibility of the macular pigment (MP) spatial profile by using heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) and to relate the MP spatial profile to foveal architecture. METHODS Sixteen healthy subjects (nine had the typical exponential MP spatial profile [group 1]; seven had a secondary peak MP spatial profile [group 2]) were recruited. The MP spatial profile was measured on three separate occasions. Six radiance measurements were obtained at each locus (0.25 degrees , 0.5 degrees , 1 degrees , and 1.75 degrees eccentricity; reference point, 7 degrees ). Foveal architecture was assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS Subjects who had the typical decline profile, had this profile after averaging repeated measures (group 1). Subjects who had a secondary peak, displayed the secondary peak after repeated measures were averaged (group 2). Mean SD foveal width in group 1 was significantly narrower than mean SD foveal width in group 2 (1306 +/- 240 microm and 1915 +/- 161 microm, respectively; P < 0.01). This difference remained after adjustment for sex (P < 0.001). Foveal width was significantly related to mean foveal MP, with adjustment for sex (r = 0.588, P = 0.021). Foveal profile slope was significantly related to MP spatial profile slope, after removal of an outlier (r = 0.591, P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS HFP reproducibly measures MP spatial profile. Secondary peaks seen in the MP spatial profile cannot be attributed to measurement error and are associated with wider foveas. The slope of an individual's MP spatial profile is related to foveal slope, with a steeper MP distribution associated with a steeper foveal depression.
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Gallagher J, Waldron Lynch F, Stack J, Barragry J. Dress and address: patient preferences regarding doctor's style of dress and patient interaction. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2008; 101:211-213. [PMID: 18807811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We sought to determine patient preferences regarding doctor's dress styles and mode of doctors introducing themselves to patients and addressing patients. A survey of patients attending a general medical/endocrinology outpatient clinic in a tertiary referral hospital over a 6 week period was performed. 124 people completed the survey (62 male, 62 female). Mean age was 52.3 years (Range 19-84). Patients preferred to be addressed by their first name while they prefer doctors to introduce themselves by their first and last name. However the majority of patients found all forms of doctors introducing themselves acceptable. Patients preferred formal attire for both male and female doctors, with a white coat being the most preferred option. 84.5% of patients felt that doctors should wear name badges in a clearly visible place although only 26% of patients saw name badges always or almost always during a consultation. This study raises important points regarding the doctor patient interaction.
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